Quantifying the impact of the spatio-temporal variability of land use/land cover on surface run-off generation and groundwater recharge in the luvuvhu river catchment area as a study area
- Ramuhovhi, Dakalo Ndivhuwo Stella
- Authors: Ramuhovhi, Dakalo Ndivhuwo Stella
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Remote sensing , Geographic information systems , Groundwater flow
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64322 , vital:73675
- Description: Assessing the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use land cover (LULC) change on hydrological response is vital for catchment sustainability and developing proper management strategies. The study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal effects and implications of LULC dynamics on surface runoff in the Luvuvhu River Catchment, Limpopo Province, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Satellite images of Landsat 5-thematic mapper and Landsat 8 operational land imager for the years 1990 and 2021 were used to explore the characteristics of LULC for this study by adopting the maximum likelihood (ML) supervised classification method. Five LULC classes were classified in this study; namely, water, built-up area, bare surface, dense vegetation, and sparse vegetation. The classification results show good accuracy values in the range of 76% (1990) and 84% (2021) with overall kappa of 63.8% and 72.8% for 1990 and 2021, respectively. For the purpose of this study, integration of geospatial technique and SWAT model were configured to operate at a monthly time interval over a span of 34 years, specifically from 1979 to 2013 to simulate surface runoff. The SWAT simulation process was executed using a digital elevation model, soil, LULC, and weather data. The analysis of LULC for 1990 and 2021 runoff modelling, it was found that, the runoff depth increased gradually from 3249 mm to 5162.5 mm during 1990 and 2021 LULC change, respectively. The R2, ENS, PBIAS, and RSR values for the calibration and the validation were 0.81 and 0.76, and 0.72 and 0.68, 0.64 and 0.58, 0.54 and 0.63 respectively. These values indicate good correlation between the observed and simulated stream flow data Therefore, suitable and timely management measures must be taken by policy decision-makers to enable sustainable development and to protect the catchment’s natural resources in order to reduce the severity of the changes. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Ramuhovhi, Dakalo Ndivhuwo Stella
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Remote sensing , Geographic information systems , Groundwater flow
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/64322 , vital:73675
- Description: Assessing the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use land cover (LULC) change on hydrological response is vital for catchment sustainability and developing proper management strategies. The study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal effects and implications of LULC dynamics on surface runoff in the Luvuvhu River Catchment, Limpopo Province, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Satellite images of Landsat 5-thematic mapper and Landsat 8 operational land imager for the years 1990 and 2021 were used to explore the characteristics of LULC for this study by adopting the maximum likelihood (ML) supervised classification method. Five LULC classes were classified in this study; namely, water, built-up area, bare surface, dense vegetation, and sparse vegetation. The classification results show good accuracy values in the range of 76% (1990) and 84% (2021) with overall kappa of 63.8% and 72.8% for 1990 and 2021, respectively. For the purpose of this study, integration of geospatial technique and SWAT model were configured to operate at a monthly time interval over a span of 34 years, specifically from 1979 to 2013 to simulate surface runoff. The SWAT simulation process was executed using a digital elevation model, soil, LULC, and weather data. The analysis of LULC for 1990 and 2021 runoff modelling, it was found that, the runoff depth increased gradually from 3249 mm to 5162.5 mm during 1990 and 2021 LULC change, respectively. The R2, ENS, PBIAS, and RSR values for the calibration and the validation were 0.81 and 0.76, and 0.72 and 0.68, 0.64 and 0.58, 0.54 and 0.63 respectively. These values indicate good correlation between the observed and simulated stream flow data Therefore, suitable and timely management measures must be taken by policy decision-makers to enable sustainable development and to protect the catchment’s natural resources in order to reduce the severity of the changes. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
Finite element modelling of a magma chamber surrounded by country-rock, with particular reference to the groundwater flow in sections of different permeability
- Authors: Remsing, Carmen
- Date: 2003 , 2013-05-23
- Subjects: Magmas , Groundwater flow
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5508 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007537 , Magmas , Groundwater flow
- Description: This thesis presents results of two-dimensional finite element modelling of a magma chamber surrounded by country-rock containing a section of high permeability. The high permeability section in the country-rock simulates structure that is predominant in controlling the groundwater convection pattern and resulting mineral deposits. The models have analogies in nature: for instance the gold mines in the Massif Central of France, the Pogo mine in Alaska and the Pilgrim's Rest gold field in South Africa. This is a complicated coupled system involving fluid flow and heat transfer under extreme conditions. The magma in the chamber convects and as it cools the heat liberated causes convection in the groundwater contained in the surrounding country-rock. This convection in turn affects the rate of liberation of heat from the magma. The software used for the modelling, FLOTRAN, is the computational fluid dynamics component of the commercial ANSYS package. The results obtained describe in detail the flow pattern in the magma chamber, the country-rock and high permeability section thereof. During the cooling of the magma chamber the groundwater convects more vigorously in the high permeability section than elsewhere, and a convection cell is seen forming within this region. This provides a mechanism for hydrothermal formation of valuable mineral deposits in the structure near a magma chamber. It is found that the relationship between the velocity of the flow in the cell and the temperature of the magma chamber is well represented by a first order linear differential equation, providing a simple understanding of this process, , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Remsing, Carmen
- Date: 2003 , 2013-05-23
- Subjects: Magmas , Groundwater flow
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5508 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007537 , Magmas , Groundwater flow
- Description: This thesis presents results of two-dimensional finite element modelling of a magma chamber surrounded by country-rock containing a section of high permeability. The high permeability section in the country-rock simulates structure that is predominant in controlling the groundwater convection pattern and resulting mineral deposits. The models have analogies in nature: for instance the gold mines in the Massif Central of France, the Pogo mine in Alaska and the Pilgrim's Rest gold field in South Africa. This is a complicated coupled system involving fluid flow and heat transfer under extreme conditions. The magma in the chamber convects and as it cools the heat liberated causes convection in the groundwater contained in the surrounding country-rock. This convection in turn affects the rate of liberation of heat from the magma. The software used for the modelling, FLOTRAN, is the computational fluid dynamics component of the commercial ANSYS package. The results obtained describe in detail the flow pattern in the magma chamber, the country-rock and high permeability section thereof. During the cooling of the magma chamber the groundwater convects more vigorously in the high permeability section than elsewhere, and a convection cell is seen forming within this region. This provides a mechanism for hydrothermal formation of valuable mineral deposits in the structure near a magma chamber. It is found that the relationship between the velocity of the flow in the cell and the temperature of the magma chamber is well represented by a first order linear differential equation, providing a simple understanding of this process, , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Finite element modelling of magma convection and attendant groundwater flow
- Authors: Harrison, Keith
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Groundwater flow , Magmas
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5467 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005252 , Groundwater flow , Magmas
- Description: This thesis describes preliminary two- and three-dimensional modelling of mass and heat transport of hot, molten magma in crustal intrusions and of the associated thermally induced flow of groundwater contained in the surrounding country rock. The aim of such modelling is to create a tool with which to predict the location of mineral deposits formed by the transport and subsequent precipitation of minerals dissolved in the convecting groundwater. The momentum equations (Navier-Stokes equations), continuity equation and energy equation are used in conjunction with specially constructed density and viscosity relationships to govern the mass and heat transport processes of magma and groundwater. Finite element methods are used to solve the equations numerically for some simple model geometries. These methods are implemented by a commercial computer software code which is manipulated with a control program constructed by the author for the purpose. The models are of simple two- or three-dimensional geometries which all have an enclosed magma chamber surrounded completely by a shell of country rock through which groundwater is free to move. Modelling begins immediately after the intrusive event when the magma (in most cases rhyolitic) is at its greatest temperature. Heat is allowed to flow from the magma into the country rock causing thermal convection of the groundwater contained therein. The effect of the country rock as a porous medium on the flow of groundwater is modelled by including a distributed resistance term in the momentum equation. The computer code that controls the modelling is such that adaptions made to the models to represent real physical intrusive systems are trivial. Results of the research at this stage allow approximate prediction of the location of mineral deposits. Enhanced predictions can be made by effecting improvements to the models such as a more detailed representation of chemical processes, adaption of the computer code to allow multiple injections of magma and the modelling of frozen magma as a porous medium which admits the flow of groundwater.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1998
- Authors: Harrison, Keith
- Date: 1998
- Subjects: Groundwater flow , Magmas
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5467 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005252 , Groundwater flow , Magmas
- Description: This thesis describes preliminary two- and three-dimensional modelling of mass and heat transport of hot, molten magma in crustal intrusions and of the associated thermally induced flow of groundwater contained in the surrounding country rock. The aim of such modelling is to create a tool with which to predict the location of mineral deposits formed by the transport and subsequent precipitation of minerals dissolved in the convecting groundwater. The momentum equations (Navier-Stokes equations), continuity equation and energy equation are used in conjunction with specially constructed density and viscosity relationships to govern the mass and heat transport processes of magma and groundwater. Finite element methods are used to solve the equations numerically for some simple model geometries. These methods are implemented by a commercial computer software code which is manipulated with a control program constructed by the author for the purpose. The models are of simple two- or three-dimensional geometries which all have an enclosed magma chamber surrounded completely by a shell of country rock through which groundwater is free to move. Modelling begins immediately after the intrusive event when the magma (in most cases rhyolitic) is at its greatest temperature. Heat is allowed to flow from the magma into the country rock causing thermal convection of the groundwater contained therein. The effect of the country rock as a porous medium on the flow of groundwater is modelled by including a distributed resistance term in the momentum equation. The computer code that controls the modelling is such that adaptions made to the models to represent real physical intrusive systems are trivial. Results of the research at this stage allow approximate prediction of the location of mineral deposits. Enhanced predictions can be made by effecting improvements to the models such as a more detailed representation of chemical processes, adaption of the computer code to allow multiple injections of magma and the modelling of frozen magma as a porous medium which admits the flow of groundwater.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1998
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