A multispectral and machine learning approach to early stress classification in plants
- Authors: Poole, Louise Carmen
- Date: 2022-04-06
- Subjects: Machine learning , Neural networks (Computer science) , Multispectral imaging , Image processing , Plant stress detection
- Language: English
- Type: Master's thesis , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232410 , vital:49989
- Description: Crop loss and failure can impact both a country’s economy and food security, often to devastating effects. As such, the importance of successfully detecting plant stresses early in their development is essential to minimize spread and damage to crop production. Identification of the stress and the stress-causing agent is the most critical and challenging step in plant and crop protection. With the development of and increase in ease of access to new equipment and technology in recent years, the use of spectroscopy in the early detection of plant diseases has become notably popular. This thesis narrows down the most suitable multispectral imaging techniques and machine learning algorithms for early stress detection. Datasets were collected of visible images and multispectral images. Dehydration was selected as the plant stress type for the main experiments, and data was collected from six plant species typically used in agriculture. Key contributions of this thesis include multispectral and visible datasets showing plant dehydration as well as a separate preliminary dataset on plant disease. Promising results on dehydration showed statistically significant accuracy improvements in the multispectral imaging compared to visible imaging for early stress detection, with multispectral input obtaining a 92.50% accuracy over visible input’s 77.50% on general plant species. The system was effective at stress detection on known plant species, with multispectral imaging introducing greater improvement to early stress detection than advanced stress detection. Furthermore, strong species discrimination was achieved when exclusively testing either early or advanced dehydration against healthy species. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology & Fisheries Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04-06
- Authors: Poole, Louise Carmen
- Date: 2022-04-06
- Subjects: Machine learning , Neural networks (Computer science) , Multispectral imaging , Image processing , Plant stress detection
- Language: English
- Type: Master's thesis , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232410 , vital:49989
- Description: Crop loss and failure can impact both a country’s economy and food security, often to devastating effects. As such, the importance of successfully detecting plant stresses early in their development is essential to minimize spread and damage to crop production. Identification of the stress and the stress-causing agent is the most critical and challenging step in plant and crop protection. With the development of and increase in ease of access to new equipment and technology in recent years, the use of spectroscopy in the early detection of plant diseases has become notably popular. This thesis narrows down the most suitable multispectral imaging techniques and machine learning algorithms for early stress detection. Datasets were collected of visible images and multispectral images. Dehydration was selected as the plant stress type for the main experiments, and data was collected from six plant species typically used in agriculture. Key contributions of this thesis include multispectral and visible datasets showing plant dehydration as well as a separate preliminary dataset on plant disease. Promising results on dehydration showed statistically significant accuracy improvements in the multispectral imaging compared to visible imaging for early stress detection, with multispectral input obtaining a 92.50% accuracy over visible input’s 77.50% on general plant species. The system was effective at stress detection on known plant species, with multispectral imaging introducing greater improvement to early stress detection than advanced stress detection. Furthermore, strong species discrimination was achieved when exclusively testing either early or advanced dehydration against healthy species. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology & Fisheries Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04-06
On the characterization of photovoltaic devices for concentrator purposes
- Authors: Vorster, Frederick Jacobus
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Photovoltaic cells , Image processing , Solar cells
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:10530 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/639 , Photovoltaic cells , Image processing , Solar cells
- Description: This study originated from an evaluation of the performance of a commercially available high concentration point focus concentrator PV system. The effect of module design flaws was studied by using current-voltage (I-V) curves obtained from each module in the array. The position of reverse bias steps revealed the severity of mismatch in a string of series-connected cells. By understanding the effects of the various types of mismatch, power losses and damage to the solar cells resulting from hot spot formation can be minimized and several recommendations for improving the basic performance of similar systems were made. Concern over the extent and type of defect failure of the concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) cells prompted an investigation into the use of a light beam induced current (LBIC) technique to investigate the spatial distribution of defects. An overview of current and developing LBIC techniques revealed that the original standard LBIC techniques have found widespread application, and that far-reaching and important developments of the technique have taken place over the years. These developments are driven by natural progression as well as the availability of newly developed advanced measurement equipment. Several techniques such as Lock-in hermography and the use of infrared cameras have developed as complementary techniques to advanced LBIC techniques. As an accurate contactless evaluation tool that is able to image spatially distributed defects in cell material, the basis of this method seemed promising for the evaluation of concentrator cells.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Vorster, Frederick Jacobus
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Photovoltaic cells , Image processing , Solar cells
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:10530 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/639 , Photovoltaic cells , Image processing , Solar cells
- Description: This study originated from an evaluation of the performance of a commercially available high concentration point focus concentrator PV system. The effect of module design flaws was studied by using current-voltage (I-V) curves obtained from each module in the array. The position of reverse bias steps revealed the severity of mismatch in a string of series-connected cells. By understanding the effects of the various types of mismatch, power losses and damage to the solar cells resulting from hot spot formation can be minimized and several recommendations for improving the basic performance of similar systems were made. Concern over the extent and type of defect failure of the concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) cells prompted an investigation into the use of a light beam induced current (LBIC) technique to investigate the spatial distribution of defects. An overview of current and developing LBIC techniques revealed that the original standard LBIC techniques have found widespread application, and that far-reaching and important developments of the technique have taken place over the years. These developments are driven by natural progression as well as the availability of newly developed advanced measurement equipment. Several techniques such as Lock-in hermography and the use of infrared cameras have developed as complementary techniques to advanced LBIC techniques. As an accurate contactless evaluation tool that is able to image spatially distributed defects in cell material, the basis of this method seemed promising for the evaluation of concentrator cells.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
DRUBIS : a distributed face-identification experimentation framework - design, implementation and performance issues
- Authors: Ndlangisa, Mboneli
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Principal components analysis , Human face recognition (Computer science) , Image processing , Biometric identification
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4704 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015768
- Description: We report on the design, implementation and performance issues of the DRUBIS (Distributed Rhodes University Biometric Identification System) experimentation framework. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) face-recognition approach is used as a case study. DRUBIS is a flexible experimentation framework, distributed over a number of modules that are easily pluggable and swappable, allowing for the easy construction of prototype systems. Web services are the logical means of distributing DRUBIS components and a number of prototype applications have been implemented from this framework. Different popular PCA face-recognition related experiments were used to evaluate our experimentation framework. We extract recognition performance measures from these experiments. In particular, we use the framework for a more indepth study of the suitability of the DFFS (Difference From Face Space) metric as a means for image classification in the area of race and gender determination.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Ndlangisa, Mboneli
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Principal components analysis , Human face recognition (Computer science) , Image processing , Biometric identification
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4704 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015768
- Description: We report on the design, implementation and performance issues of the DRUBIS (Distributed Rhodes University Biometric Identification System) experimentation framework. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) face-recognition approach is used as a case study. DRUBIS is a flexible experimentation framework, distributed over a number of modules that are easily pluggable and swappable, allowing for the easy construction of prototype systems. Web services are the logical means of distributing DRUBIS components and a number of prototype applications have been implemented from this framework. Different popular PCA face-recognition related experiments were used to evaluate our experimentation framework. We extract recognition performance measures from these experiments. In particular, we use the framework for a more indepth study of the suitability of the DFFS (Difference From Face Space) metric as a means for image classification in the area of race and gender determination.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Semi-automated extraction of structural orientation data from aerospace imagery combined with digital elevation models
- Authors: Slabber, Frans Bresler
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Image processing , Geographic information systems , Information storage and retrieval systems -- Geology , Geology -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5001 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005614 , Image processing , Geographic information systems , Information storage and retrieval systems -- Geology , Geology -- Data processing
- Description: A computer-based method for determining the orientation of planar geological structures from remotely sensed images, utilizing digital geological images and digital elevation models (DEMs), is developed and assessed. The method relies on operator skill and experience to recognize geological structure traces on images, and then employs software routines (GEOSTRUC©) to calculate the orientation of selected structures. The operator selects three points on the trace of a planar geological feature as seen on a digital geological image that is co registered with a DEM of the same area. The orientation of the plane that contains the three points is determined using vector algebra equations. The program generates an ASCII data file which contains the orientation data as well as the geographical location of the measurements. This ASCII file can then be utilized in further analysis of the orientation data. The software development kit (SDK) for TNTmips v5.00, from MicroImages Inc. and operating in the X Windows environment, was employed to construct the software. The Watcom C\C++ Development Environment was used to generate the executable program, GEOSTRUC© . GEOSTRUC© was tested in two case studies. The case studies utilized digital data derived from the use of different techniques and from different sources which varied in scale and resolution. This was done to illustrate the versatility of the program and its application to a wide range of data types. On the whole, the results obtained using the GEOSTRUC© analyses compare favourably to field data from each test area. Use of the method to determine the orientation of axial planes in the case study revealed the usefulness of the method as a powerful analytic tool for use on a macroscopic scale. The method should not he applied in area with low variation in relief as the method proved to be less accurate in these areas. Advancements in imaging technology will serve to create images with better resolution, which will, in turn, improve the overall accuracy of the method.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Slabber, Frans Bresler
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Image processing , Geographic information systems , Information storage and retrieval systems -- Geology , Geology -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5001 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005614 , Image processing , Geographic information systems , Information storage and retrieval systems -- Geology , Geology -- Data processing
- Description: A computer-based method for determining the orientation of planar geological structures from remotely sensed images, utilizing digital geological images and digital elevation models (DEMs), is developed and assessed. The method relies on operator skill and experience to recognize geological structure traces on images, and then employs software routines (GEOSTRUC©) to calculate the orientation of selected structures. The operator selects three points on the trace of a planar geological feature as seen on a digital geological image that is co registered with a DEM of the same area. The orientation of the plane that contains the three points is determined using vector algebra equations. The program generates an ASCII data file which contains the orientation data as well as the geographical location of the measurements. This ASCII file can then be utilized in further analysis of the orientation data. The software development kit (SDK) for TNTmips v5.00, from MicroImages Inc. and operating in the X Windows environment, was employed to construct the software. The Watcom C\C++ Development Environment was used to generate the executable program, GEOSTRUC© . GEOSTRUC© was tested in two case studies. The case studies utilized digital data derived from the use of different techniques and from different sources which varied in scale and resolution. This was done to illustrate the versatility of the program and its application to a wide range of data types. On the whole, the results obtained using the GEOSTRUC© analyses compare favourably to field data from each test area. Use of the method to determine the orientation of axial planes in the case study revealed the usefulness of the method as a powerful analytic tool for use on a macroscopic scale. The method should not he applied in area with low variation in relief as the method proved to be less accurate in these areas. Advancements in imaging technology will serve to create images with better resolution, which will, in turn, improve the overall accuracy of the method.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Initial findings of an investigation into the feasibility of a low level image processing workstation using transputers
- Authors: Cooke, Nicholas Duncan
- Date: 1990 , 2013-02-07
- Subjects: Image processing , Computer graphics , Fourier transformations -- Data processing , Transputers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4679 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006702 , Image processing , Computer graphics , Fourier transformations -- Data processing , Transputers
- Description: From Introduction: The research concentrates primarily on a feasibility study involving the setting up of an image processing workstation. As broad as this statement concerning the workstation may seem, there are several factors limiting the extent of the research. This project is not concerned with the design and implementation of a fully-fledged image processing workstation. Rather, it concerns an initial feasibility study of such a workstation, centered on the theme image processing aided by the parallel processing paradigm. In looking at the hardware available for the project, in the context of an image processing environment, a large amount of initial investigation was required prior to that concerned with the transputer and parallel processing. Work was done on the capturing and displaying of images. This formed a vital part of the project. Furthermore, considering that a new architecture was being used as the work horse within a conventional host architecture, the INTEL 80286, several aspects of the host architecture had also to be investigated. These included the actual processing capabilities of the host, the capturing and storing of the images on the host, and most importantly, the interface between the host and the transputer [C0089]. Benchmarking was important in order for good conclusions to be drawn about the viability of the two types of hardware used, both individually and together. On the subject of the transputer as the workhorse, there were several areas whlch required investigation. Initial work had to cover the choice of network topology on whlch the benchmarking of some of the image processing applications were performed. Research into this was based on the previous work of several authors, whlch introduced features relevant to this investigation. The network used for this investigation was chosen to be generally applicable to a broad spectrum of applications in image processing. It was not chosen for its applicability for a single dedicated application, as has been the case for much of the past research performed in image processing [SAN88] [SCH89]. The concept of image processing techniques being implemented on the transputer required careful consideration in respect of what should be implemented. Image processing is not a new subject, and it encompasses a large spectrum of applications. The transputer, with image processing being hlghly suited to it, has attracted a good deal of research. It would not be rash to say that the easy research was covered first. The more trivial operations in image processing, requiring matrix type operations on the pixels attracted, the most coverage. Several researchers in the field of image processing on the transputer have broken the back of this set of problems. Conclusions regarding these operations on the transputer returned a fairly standard answer. An area of image processing which has not produced the same volume of return as that concerning the more trivial operations, is the subject of Fourier Analysis, that is, the Fourier Transform. Thus a major part of this project concerns an investigation into the Fourier Transform in image processing, in particular the Fast Fourier Transform. The network chosen for thls research has placed some constraint upon the degree of parallelism that can be achleved. It should be emphasized that this project is not concerned with the most efficient implementation of a specific image processing algorithm on a dedicated topology. Rather, it looks at the feasibility of a general system in the domain of image processing, concerned with a hlghly computationally intensive operation. This has had the effect of testing the processing power of the hardware used, and contributing a widely applicable parallel algorithm for use in Fourier Analysis. 3 These are discussed more fully in Chapter 2, which covers the work related to tbis project. The results of the investigation are presented along with a discussion of the methods throughout the thesis. The final chapter summarizes the findings of the research, assesses the value of the investigation, and points out areas for future investigation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
- Authors: Cooke, Nicholas Duncan
- Date: 1990 , 2013-02-07
- Subjects: Image processing , Computer graphics , Fourier transformations -- Data processing , Transputers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4679 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006702 , Image processing , Computer graphics , Fourier transformations -- Data processing , Transputers
- Description: From Introduction: The research concentrates primarily on a feasibility study involving the setting up of an image processing workstation. As broad as this statement concerning the workstation may seem, there are several factors limiting the extent of the research. This project is not concerned with the design and implementation of a fully-fledged image processing workstation. Rather, it concerns an initial feasibility study of such a workstation, centered on the theme image processing aided by the parallel processing paradigm. In looking at the hardware available for the project, in the context of an image processing environment, a large amount of initial investigation was required prior to that concerned with the transputer and parallel processing. Work was done on the capturing and displaying of images. This formed a vital part of the project. Furthermore, considering that a new architecture was being used as the work horse within a conventional host architecture, the INTEL 80286, several aspects of the host architecture had also to be investigated. These included the actual processing capabilities of the host, the capturing and storing of the images on the host, and most importantly, the interface between the host and the transputer [C0089]. Benchmarking was important in order for good conclusions to be drawn about the viability of the two types of hardware used, both individually and together. On the subject of the transputer as the workhorse, there were several areas whlch required investigation. Initial work had to cover the choice of network topology on whlch the benchmarking of some of the image processing applications were performed. Research into this was based on the previous work of several authors, whlch introduced features relevant to this investigation. The network used for this investigation was chosen to be generally applicable to a broad spectrum of applications in image processing. It was not chosen for its applicability for a single dedicated application, as has been the case for much of the past research performed in image processing [SAN88] [SCH89]. The concept of image processing techniques being implemented on the transputer required careful consideration in respect of what should be implemented. Image processing is not a new subject, and it encompasses a large spectrum of applications. The transputer, with image processing being hlghly suited to it, has attracted a good deal of research. It would not be rash to say that the easy research was covered first. The more trivial operations in image processing, requiring matrix type operations on the pixels attracted, the most coverage. Several researchers in the field of image processing on the transputer have broken the back of this set of problems. Conclusions regarding these operations on the transputer returned a fairly standard answer. An area of image processing which has not produced the same volume of return as that concerning the more trivial operations, is the subject of Fourier Analysis, that is, the Fourier Transform. Thus a major part of this project concerns an investigation into the Fourier Transform in image processing, in particular the Fast Fourier Transform. The network chosen for thls research has placed some constraint upon the degree of parallelism that can be achleved. It should be emphasized that this project is not concerned with the most efficient implementation of a specific image processing algorithm on a dedicated topology. Rather, it looks at the feasibility of a general system in the domain of image processing, concerned with a hlghly computationally intensive operation. This has had the effect of testing the processing power of the hardware used, and contributing a widely applicable parallel algorithm for use in Fourier Analysis. 3 These are discussed more fully in Chapter 2, which covers the work related to tbis project. The results of the investigation are presented along with a discussion of the methods throughout the thesis. The final chapter summarizes the findings of the research, assesses the value of the investigation, and points out areas for future investigation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
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