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A personality-based behavioural model: Susceptibility to phishing on social networking sites

- Frauenstein, Edwin Donald

  • Authors: Frauenstein, Edwin Donald
  • Date: 2021-10-29
  • Subjects: Phishing , Social networks , Personality , Self-presentation in mass media , Internet fraud , Internet users Habits and behavior , Big Five model , Human information processing , Heuristic-Systematic Model (HSM)
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral theses , text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190306 , vital:44982 , 10.21504/10962/190306
  • Description: The worldwide popularity of social networking sites (SNSs) and the technical features they offer users have created many opportunities for malicious individuals to exploit the behavioral tendencies of their users via social engineering tactics. The self-representation and social interactions on SNSs encourage users to reveal their personalities in a way which characterises their behaviour. Frequent engagement on SNSs may also reinforce the performance of certain activities, such as sharing and clicking on links, at a “habitual” level on these sites. Subsequently, this may also influence users to overlook phishing posts and messages on SNSs and thus not apply sufficient cognitive effort in their decision-making. As users do not expect phishing threats on these sites, they may become accustomed to behaving in this manner which may consequently put them at risk of such attacks. Using an online survey, primary data was collected from 215 final-year undergraduate students. Employing structural equation modelling techniques, the associations between the Big Five personality traits, habits and information processing were examined with the aim to identify users susceptible to phishing on SNSs. Moreover, other behavioural factors such as social norms, computer self-efficacy and perceived risk were examined in terms of their influence on phishing susceptibility. The results of the analysis revealed the following key findings: 1) users with the personality traits of extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism are more likely to perform habitual behaviour, while conscientious users are least likely; 2) users who perform certain behaviours out of habit are directly susceptible to phishing attacks; 3) users who behave out of habit are likely to apply a heuristic mode of processing and are therefore more susceptible to phishing attacks on SNSs than those who apply systematic processing; 4) users with higher computer self-efficacy are less susceptible to phishing; and 5) users who are influenced by social norms are at greater risk of phishing. This study makes a contribution to scholarship and to practice, as it is the first empirical study to investigate, in one comprehensive model, the relationship between personality traits, habit and their effect on information processing which may influence susceptibility to phishing on SNSs. The findings of this study may assist organisations in the customisation of an individual anti-phishing training programme to target specific dispositional factors in vulnerable users. By using a similar instrument to the one used in this study, pre-assessments could determine and classify certain risk profiles that make users vulnerable to phishing attacks. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Commerce, Information Systems, 2021
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  • Date Issued: 2021-10-29

A personality-based surveillance model for Facebook apps

- Van der Schyff, Karl Izak

  • Authors: Van der Schyff, Karl Izak
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Facebook (Electronic resource) , Electronic surveillance -- Psychological aspects , Online social networks -- Psychological aspects , Social media -- Psychological aspects , Personality
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145534 , vital:38447
  • Description: The surveillance of data through the use of Facebook Apps is an ongoing and persistent problem that impacts millions of users. Nonetheless, limited research has been conducted investigating to what extent a Facebook user’s personality influences their awareness of such surveillance practices. Thus, to understand this situation better, the current study inductively developed four propositions from secondary data sources as part of a detailed content analysis. Spanning three search and analysis phases the content analysis led to the development of the research model. Guided by the propositions and research questions, a questionnaire was developed based on the relevant constructs prescribed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour. This questionnaire was used, and a total of 651 responses were collected from Facebook users over the age of 18 years old and residing in the United States of America. Primary data took place at both a univariate and multivariate level with a specific focus on the development of a structural model. Interpretation of the structural model revealed that out of all the Big Five personality traits, Conscientiousness exhibited the strongest relationship with information security awareness followed by Openness to Experience and Neuroticism, respectively. The results further indicated that the model constructs based on attitude, social norms and awareness significantly influenced the intended use of Facebook Apps. The study also contributes by indicating which personality traits are most vulnerable to Facebook App surveillance. For example, it was found that individuals high in Conscientiousness are the least vulnerable with individuals high in Extraversion being the most vulnerable. Since the results indicate that not all the personality traits are significantly related to the model constructs, additional factors may contribute to App surveillance in this context. Concerning this, factors such as user apathy, information privacy, privacy concerns, control and Facebook dependency are discussed as a means to argue why this might be the case.
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  • Date Issued: 2020

Josephine Baker: a psychobiographical study

- Eckley, Shannon Rose

  • Authors: Eckley, Shannon Rose
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: Adlerian psychology , Baker, Josephine , Psychology -- Biographical methods , Personality
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:9865 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1007850 , Adlerian psychology , Baker, Josephine , Psychology -- Biographical methods , Personality
  • Description: Psychobiographies examine an entire full life, from birth to death, with the aim of understanding the psychological development of that life. Psychobiographical research is a qualitative method of research, and is done by the use of both biography, and the application of relevant psychological theory. While the scientific merit of this type of research continues to be questioned and debated, interest in this area of research continues to grow on both a national, and international level. This particular research study aimed to explore the extraordinary and inspiring life of slave, dancer, singer, lover, soldier and mother, Josephine Baker (1906 – 1975), by applying Alfred Adler’s (1929) theory of personality namely, Individual Psychology. Josephine Baker was chosen by means of purposive sampling. The research study made use of a qualitative psychobiographical research method, which aimed to explore and describe the lived life and personality development of Josephine Baker, in terms of Alfred Adler’s (1929) theory of Individual Psychology. The data collection for this research study made use of a framework, as a means of selecting relevant data which formed a matrix, which in turn became a descriptive framework to organise and integrate the data (see Appendix A). The analysis thereof was done by the means of analytic generalisation (Yin, 1994). To assist in identifying salient data, analytical criteria namely, Alexander’s (1988) guidelines for the extraction of salient data were utilised (see Appendix B). This model also assisted in ensuring an accurate and complete description of Josephine Baker’s life in relation to the psychological theory used namely Alfred Adler’s theory of Individual Psychology. The findings of the study indicate that Josephine’s life paralleled Adler’s (1929) theory in many ways, and also indicated that the person she became was also strongly influenced by many familial, social, historical and cultural events of the time. This study has therefore shown that to date, there is still great value and relevance in Adler’s (1929) theory of Individual Psychology, even though it was proposed and developed almost a century ago. Consequently, recommendations regarding further psychiobiographical research in this area in the future have been made.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

The appropriateness of Holland's interest code typology for South African field guides

- Allen, Lynda Jean

  • Authors: Allen, Lynda Jean
  • Date: 2006
  • Subjects: Personality and occupation -- South Africa , Vocational interests -- South Africa , Personality
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:9846 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/432 , Personality and occupation -- South Africa , Vocational interests -- South Africa , Personality
  • Description: The foundational principles of Holland’s (1985b, 1992, 1997) vocational theory state that career choice is an expression of personality, in that individuals with specific personality types seek out work or learning environments that match their personality types. Furthermore, interest inventories such as the Self-Directed Search (Holland, Powell, & Fritzsche, 1994) can be regarded as personality inventories and used to ensure that individuals find themselves in a working environment that is best suited to their interests and personality type. In addition to instruments that measure interests, Holland also developed dictionaries of occupations coded according to the characteristics and interests of different occupations and working environments, such as the Dictionary of Holland occupational codes (Gottfredson & Holland, 1996). The level of congruence between personality types and occupational types is linked to career satisfaction, stability and achievement. This premise only holds true, however, if the codes for the occupational environment suggested by Holland (1985c) are, in fact, valid. In other words, do the codes suggested by Holland match the personality types of individuals entering or who are already employed in a particular work or learning environment? There have been many studies conducted with regard to the validity of Holland’s prescribed interest typology codes. Spokane, Meier and Catalano (2000) located a large number of empirical studies published since 1985 that relate directly to the validity of Holland’s codes, many of which have suggested that the existing codes may not be valid. There is a scarcity of such research in South Africa, especially with regard to vital and growing occupational fields, such as the ecotourism industry, that are so important to the economic well-being of the country. Consequently, the overall aim of the present study was to explore and describe the interest codes of male and female South African student and working field guides in order to discuss the appropriateness of the occupational codes prescribed by Holland for the field guiding profession. The quantitative design of the study was exploratory-descriptive in nature and made use of the Self-Directed Search Questionnaire (Holland, Fritzsche, & Powell, 1994). The total sample consisted of 100 participants (68 male and 32 female), constituting 40 working field guides and 60 field guide students. Descriptive analyses were conducted with the use of frequency tables, charts, means and standard ix deviations. In addition, Independent sample t-tests were computed in order to describe and compare the mean scores of the interests for males and females, and to compare the mean scores of the interests for student and working field guides. The results of this study suggest that the prescribed occupational code (SRI; Social, Realistic, Investigative) for South African field guides may not be appropriate and that an interest profile such as SREI AC may be more appropriate. These results, in combination with the findings of the research review, suggest the need for a more extensive, cross-cultural study to determine the appropriateness of Holland’s occupational codes for South African occupations, which may lead to a revision of the South African Dictionary of Occupations (Taljaard & von Mollendorf, 1987).
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  • Date Issued: 2006

The effect of perceptual skill of RFT scores : a cross-cultural study

- Marais, W F

  • Authors: Marais, W F
  • Date: 1977
  • Subjects: Witkin, Herman A , Personality , Personality and culture -- Cross-cultural studies , Cross-cultural studies , Perception
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
  • Identifier: vital:3285 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012838
  • Description: The increasing need to select individuals for tasks suited to their personality make-up, has added to the challenge psychology faces of developing tests which can be applied to subjects from different cultures and environments. Many attempts at such designs litter the history of industrial and cross- cultural personality research. Among those to have survived years of reassessment, is the cognitive style approach developed by Herman Witkin. Intro., p. 1.
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  • Date Issued: 1977

Africa‘s Heritage No.8: The Future

- Tracey, Hugh

The Sound of Africa: Southern Rhodesia - The Federation of Rhodesia Nyasaland No.3

- Tracey, Hugh

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