Measuring the elasticity of electricity demand in South Africa: implications for future demand and supply
- Authors: Kosiorek, Sebastian
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Electric power consumption -- South Africa , Electric power distribution -- South Africa , Electric power production -- South Africa , Electric power failures -- South Africa , Electric utilities -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Autoregression (Statistics) , Renewable energy sources -- South Africa , Energy policy -- South Africa , Integrated Resource Plan
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62472 , vital:28196
- Description: A key economic issue for government is the ability to effectively match electricity supply to electricity demand, because of the substantial economic losses in the case of where there is too little supply, or the waste of scarce resources where there is too much supply. In the case of South Africa, this issue, the importance of which was highlighted by the power shortages and associated “rolling blackouts” experience in 2008, has led to the creation of the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) as a means to decide how energy policy will be developed. Recently, however, the IRP 2010 and its subsequent 2013 and 2016 (draft) updates have been criticised as being too optimistic in regards to their projections of economic growth and electricity demand, making the recommendations in these documents to be flawed. Using monthly data from January 1990 to May 2017, together with Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing for cointegration, this paper measures changes in the elasticity of electricity demand as a result of the massive price hikes over the past decade. Thereafter, the implications of changed electricity as well as possibly lower Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in the future for forecasts of possible future demand for electricity are examined. From these revised forecasts, it is possible to make appropriate recommendations in regards to electricity supply policy for South Africa including what possible energy mix is needed as well as the requirements for creating new supply to meet possible future demand. It is concluded that future electricity demand is likely to be much lower than forecast in the IRP 2010 and IRP 2013 documents. The degree of uncertainty in electricity demand growth suggests that large-scale increases in supply capacity taking years to construct, such as coal or nuclear, should be avoided. Small, incremental increases in supply that are able to come on stream swiftly, such as gas, solar and wind power, are likely to be more appropriate for meeting South Africa’s future needs.
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- Date Issued: 2018
The role of renewable energy projects in solving South Africa’s energy crisis
- Authors: Mjoli, Anthony Lunga
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Renewable energy sources -- South Africa , Wind power -- South Africa Solar energy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/32171 , vital:31972
- Description: Renewable energy has played a critical role in improving the economy of South Africa as well as the lives of the citizens. There have been a lot of advantages in using renewable energy such as increased access to electricity, job creation and increased investment. This research project sought to give insight into the effectiveness of renewable energy projects in resolving the nation’s power crises. The research problem was motivated by the power outages that took place in South Africa for close to half a decade between 2010 and 2015. The introduction of renewable energy versus nuclear energy caused wide-spread debates in the business, political and social sectors inter alias. The renewable energy sector started off as a controversial issue across South Africa, with a lot of critics regarding it as an expensive trial and era method of tackling the energy crisis. The researcher purposed to explore on the role of renewable energy projects in solving South Africa’s energy crisis. The specific objectives of the research were to investigate and evaluate how the renewable energy projects contribute to improving the energy supply; to examine the effectiveness of the renewable energy projects in improving the energy supply; and to provide a critical appraisal of the constraints faced renewable energy projects in improving the energy supply in South Africa. The role of renewable energy projects in solving South Africa’s energy crisis is a controversial issue inviting many debates within the realm of scholarship pertaining to energy development. Thus literature was reviewed to give an understanding of the realities associated with the energy status in South Africa at present in order to have an in-depth understanding of the concerns, which need to be dealt with if renewable energy is to play a vital role in the alleviation of the plight of South Africa’s energy crisis. The literature review was part of the secondary data, therefore, the focus thereof led to the adoption of an interpretive stance as the favoured research methodology. A content analysis in case study approach was therefore, used to describe the role of renewable energy projects in solving South Africa’s energy crisis. The research focused on two main renewable energy sources wind and solar energy respectively. The results show that wind energy dominates the RE sector with 3342.59MW of electricity which accounts for approximately 53% of the total production. Solar energy in its various forms accounts for approximately 46% of the total production. Biomass, small hydro and land fill gas account for less than 2% of the total production. The research showed that wind and solar energy are the main renewable energy sources that combat the energy crisis in South Africa. The researcher concluded that there no longer exists a crisis in the South African energy sector. Secondly the researcher concluded that RE has significantly contributed to the energy mix, thereby playing a crucial role in the aversion of the afore-mentioned crisis. Thirdly, the researcher concluded that while the RE sector is growing at an impressive rate, coal will remain the cheapest and dominant source of energy in the foreseeable future of South Africa up to 2050 and possibly beyond.
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- Date Issued: 2018
Private sector participation in renewable energy: a survey of listed companies in South Africa
- Authors: Eno, Venessa Asik Awo
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Renewable energy sources -- South Africa , Energy policy -- South Africa , Public-private sector cooperation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9114 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015636
- Description: Although renewable energy technology has received much attention over recent years the depletion of known fossil fuel reserves and the volatility of international fuel prices require that society looks beyond the current coal-dominated electricity generation methods. Investment in renewable energy and energy efficiency is important to reduce the negative economic, social and environmental impacts of energy production and consumption in South Africa. Currently, renewable energy contributes relatively little to primary energy and even less to the consumption of commercial energy. The challenge of transforming entire economies is enormous, especially if a country is as fossil-fuel-based and emission-intensive as South Africa. However, as it is already facing climate change impacts in an increasingly carbon constrained world; South Africa must drastically reduce its greenhouse gas emission intensity soon. The South African electricity sector is a vital part of the economy and at the same time contributes most to the emission problem. Transforming this sector is therefore urgently needed. First steps have been taken to enhance energy efficiency and promote renewable energy, but they have failed to have any large-scale effects. The two major barriers to investments in renewable energy technologies are based in the South African energy innovation system and its inherent power structures and in the economics of renewable energy technologies. Subsequently the private sector will have to play a significant role in closing the human resources gap by providing funds and expertise. Furthermore, the creation of employment opportunities and actively promoting structural change in the economy are seen, especially in industrialized countries, as goals that support the promotion of renewable energy. Moreover, with more support and assistance from the government and partnership with the private sector will be of immense help to achieve renewable energy goals.
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- Date Issued: 2012