Engineering Education Research for educational change: the possibilities of critical realism for conceptualising causal mechanicsms in education
- Case, Jennifer, Blackie, Margaret A L
- Authors: Case, Jennifer , Blackie, Margaret A L
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/426637 , vital:72374 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2013.07.023"
- Description: Engineering Education Research (EER) grew in prominence from the late 1990s as purposes for this field were espoused in relation to the necessity of change for engineering education in the newly globalising world. Arguments centred on overall challenges with recruitment to engineering, specifically in relation to historically underrepresented populations, as well as with the forms of education (both in terms of quality of teaching and relevance of curricula) offered to students, and the needs of employers as reflected in newly-emerged global accreditation systems. In a field that is at least partly directed towards educational change, there is a need to understand how change typically happens in education systems. This article first draws on findings from the sociology of education to show that causality in relation to educational change is complex. It then turns to the philosophy of critical realism for a way of thinking about change that can inform EER, and concludes by outlining how this might change the research questions that drive the field, and how these might be approached.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Case, Jennifer , Blackie, Margaret A L
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/426637 , vital:72374 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2013.07.023"
- Description: Engineering Education Research (EER) grew in prominence from the late 1990s as purposes for this field were espoused in relation to the necessity of change for engineering education in the newly globalising world. Arguments centred on overall challenges with recruitment to engineering, specifically in relation to historically underrepresented populations, as well as with the forms of education (both in terms of quality of teaching and relevance of curricula) offered to students, and the needs of employers as reflected in newly-emerged global accreditation systems. In a field that is at least partly directed towards educational change, there is a need to understand how change typically happens in education systems. This article first draws on findings from the sociology of education to show that causality in relation to educational change is complex. It then turns to the philosophy of critical realism for a way of thinking about change that can inform EER, and concludes by outlining how this might change the research questions that drive the field, and how these might be approached.
- Full Text:
Environmental ethics as processes of open-ended, pluralistic, deliberative enquiry
- Authors: Olvitt, Lausanne L
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/437309 , vital:73368 , ISBN 9780203813331 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203813331-15/environmental-ethics-processes-open-ended-pluralistic-deliberative-enquiry-lausanne-olvitt
- Description: By the very nature of their work, environmental education re-searchers must engage with environmental philosophy and questions of values and ethics. But this terrain, despite being resourced with an apparently endless supply of typologies, an-thologies, and handbooks, can remain a vast and daunting philosophical sea—at least in my experience as a newcomer to the field, and possibly for many other scholars and re-searchers. This essay makes no claim to altering that and in-stead optimistically pursues Ball’s (2001, p. 89) suggestion that “there is much to be learned about, and from, the philosophical life-forms inhabiting these thickets and swamps.” My intention here is to review a relatively small but growing cluster of work in environmental ethics that proposes that:“Ethical positions are always open for discussion, re-examination, and revi-sion”(Jickling, 2004, p. 16) and are thus, by their very nature, open-ended, relational processes. My starting point in writing this essay is as an educator-researcher-environmentalist trying to explore what the field of environmental ethics has to offer in response to the question:“As educators, how can we learn and do more with others in the face of an unprecedented socioeco-logical crisis?”
- Full Text:
- Authors: Olvitt, Lausanne L
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/437309 , vital:73368 , ISBN 9780203813331 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203813331-15/environmental-ethics-processes-open-ended-pluralistic-deliberative-enquiry-lausanne-olvitt
- Description: By the very nature of their work, environmental education re-searchers must engage with environmental philosophy and questions of values and ethics. But this terrain, despite being resourced with an apparently endless supply of typologies, an-thologies, and handbooks, can remain a vast and daunting philosophical sea—at least in my experience as a newcomer to the field, and possibly for many other scholars and re-searchers. This essay makes no claim to altering that and in-stead optimistically pursues Ball’s (2001, p. 89) suggestion that “there is much to be learned about, and from, the philosophical life-forms inhabiting these thickets and swamps.” My intention here is to review a relatively small but growing cluster of work in environmental ethics that proposes that:“Ethical positions are always open for discussion, re-examination, and revi-sion”(Jickling, 2004, p. 16) and are thus, by their very nature, open-ended, relational processes. My starting point in writing this essay is as an educator-researcher-environmentalist trying to explore what the field of environmental ethics has to offer in response to the question:“As educators, how can we learn and do more with others in the face of an unprecedented socioeco-logical crisis?”
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Exploring a systems approach to mainstreaming sustainability in universities: A case study of Rhodes University in South Africa
- Togo, Muchaiteyi, Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Authors: Togo, Muchaiteyi , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182857 , vital:43886 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2012.749974"
- Description: This paper explores the use of systems theory to inform the mainstreaming of sustainability in a university’s functions as it responds to sustainable development challenges in its local context. Offering a case study of Rhodes University, the paper shows how the use of systems models and concepts, underpinned by a critical realist ontology and an understanding of morphogenetic change processes, have the potential to enable universities to mobilise their operations to respond to local sustainability challenges. In this instance, the success of such an approach is shown to depend on commitments from the university community and the availability of enabling inputs, such as financial and human resources. The paper concludes with reflections and recommendations to inform further development of a newly emerging systems approach in sustainability mainstreaming at Rhodes University, and other institutions pursuing similar approaches and goals.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Togo, Muchaiteyi , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182857 , vital:43886 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2012.749974"
- Description: This paper explores the use of systems theory to inform the mainstreaming of sustainability in a university’s functions as it responds to sustainable development challenges in its local context. Offering a case study of Rhodes University, the paper shows how the use of systems models and concepts, underpinned by a critical realist ontology and an understanding of morphogenetic change processes, have the potential to enable universities to mobilise their operations to respond to local sustainability challenges. In this instance, the success of such an approach is shown to depend on commitments from the university community and the availability of enabling inputs, such as financial and human resources. The paper concludes with reflections and recommendations to inform further development of a newly emerging systems approach in sustainability mainstreaming at Rhodes University, and other institutions pursuing similar approaches and goals.
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Exploring DOXP-reductoisomerase binding limits using phosphonated N-aryl and N-heteroarylcarboxamides as DXR inhibitors
- Bodill, Taryn, Conibear, Anne C, Mutorwa, Marius K M, Goble, Jessica L, Blatch, Gregory L, Lobb, Kevin A, Klein, Rosalyn, Kaye, Perry T
- Authors: Bodill, Taryn , Conibear, Anne C , Mutorwa, Marius K M , Goble, Jessica L , Blatch, Gregory L , Lobb, Kevin A , Klein, Rosalyn , Kaye, Perry T
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/448912 , vital:74770 , xlink:href=""
- Description: DOXP-reductoisomerase (DXR) is a validated target for the development of antimalarial drugs to address the increase in resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Series of aryl- and heteroarylcarbamoylphosphonic acids, their diethyl esters and disodium salts have been prepared as analogues of the potent DXR inhibitor fosmidomycin. The effects of the carboxamide N-substituents and the length of the methylene linker have been explored using in silico docking studies, saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy and enzyme inhibition assays using both EcDXR and PfDXR. These studies indicate an optimal linker length of two methylene units and have confirmed the importance of an additional binding pocket in the PfDXR active site. Insights into the constraints of the PfDXR binding site provide additional scope for the rational design of DXR inhibitors with increased ligand–receptor interactions.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bodill, Taryn , Conibear, Anne C , Mutorwa, Marius K M , Goble, Jessica L , Blatch, Gregory L , Lobb, Kevin A , Klein, Rosalyn , Kaye, Perry T
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/448912 , vital:74770 , xlink:href=""
- Description: DOXP-reductoisomerase (DXR) is a validated target for the development of antimalarial drugs to address the increase in resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Series of aryl- and heteroarylcarbamoylphosphonic acids, their diethyl esters and disodium salts have been prepared as analogues of the potent DXR inhibitor fosmidomycin. The effects of the carboxamide N-substituents and the length of the methylene linker have been explored using in silico docking studies, saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy and enzyme inhibition assays using both EcDXR and PfDXR. These studies indicate an optimal linker length of two methylene units and have confirmed the importance of an additional binding pocket in the PfDXR active site. Insights into the constraints of the PfDXR binding site provide additional scope for the rational design of DXR inhibitors with increased ligand–receptor interactions.
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First Record of an Introduction of the Giant Pangasius, Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith 1931, Into an African River
- Mäkinen, Tuuli, Weyl, Olaf L F, van der Walt, Kerry-Ann, Swartz, Ernst R
- Authors: Mäkinen, Tuuli , Weyl, Olaf L F , van der Walt, Kerry-Ann , Swartz, Ernst R
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/443340 , vital:74109 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC145782
- Description: A catfish captured in the Breede River (33°56'41.6"S 20°4'45.6"E) in South Africa was identified using morphological and genetic techniques as the giant pangasius, Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith 1931, a new record for South Africa. The wild-caught specimen was a genetic match to juveniles purchased from the pet trade, and most likely originated from a release by an aquarist. Pangasius sanitwongsei is not on the list of fishes currently permitted for import into South Africa, and its presence in the pet trade illustrates the difficulty associated with preventing illegal introductions.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mäkinen, Tuuli , Weyl, Olaf L F , van der Walt, Kerry-Ann , Swartz, Ernst R
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/443340 , vital:74109 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC145782
- Description: A catfish captured in the Breede River (33°56'41.6"S 20°4'45.6"E) in South Africa was identified using morphological and genetic techniques as the giant pangasius, Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith 1931, a new record for South Africa. The wild-caught specimen was a genetic match to juveniles purchased from the pet trade, and most likely originated from a release by an aquarist. Pangasius sanitwongsei is not on the list of fishes currently permitted for import into South Africa, and its presence in the pet trade illustrates the difficulty associated with preventing illegal introductions.
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Fluorescence behavior of glutathione capped CdTe@ ZnS quantum dots chemically coordinated to zinc octacarboxy phthalocyanines
- Sekhosana, Kutloano E, Antunes, Edith M, Khene, Samson M, D'Souza, Sarah, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Sekhosana, Kutloano E , Antunes, Edith M , Khene, Samson M , D'Souza, Sarah , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/242019 , vital:50993 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2012.11.044"
- Description: Core–shell CdTe@ZnS quantum dots capped with glutathione (CdTe@ZnS–GSH) were covalently linked to zinc octacarboxy phthalocyanine (ZnPc(COOH)8). The conjugate was characterized by UV/Vis, infrared and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopies as well as transmission electron and atomic force microscopies. The fluorescence quantum yields of the core CdTe capped with thioglycolic acid increased upon formation of the core-shell. Upon conjugation with ZnPc(COOH)8, the fluorescence quantum yield of CdTe@ZnS–GSH decreased due to energy transfer from the latter to the Pc. The average fluorescence lifetime of the CdTe@ZnS–GSH QD also decreased upon conjugation from 26.2 to 13.3 ns.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Sekhosana, Kutloano E , Antunes, Edith M , Khene, Samson M , D'Souza, Sarah , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/242019 , vital:50993 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2012.11.044"
- Description: Core–shell CdTe@ZnS quantum dots capped with glutathione (CdTe@ZnS–GSH) were covalently linked to zinc octacarboxy phthalocyanine (ZnPc(COOH)8). The conjugate was characterized by UV/Vis, infrared and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopies as well as transmission electron and atomic force microscopies. The fluorescence quantum yields of the core CdTe capped with thioglycolic acid increased upon formation of the core-shell. Upon conjugation with ZnPc(COOH)8, the fluorescence quantum yield of CdTe@ZnS–GSH decreased due to energy transfer from the latter to the Pc. The average fluorescence lifetime of the CdTe@ZnS–GSH QD also decreased upon conjugation from 26.2 to 13.3 ns.
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Fluorescence “switch on” of conjugates of CdTe@ ZnS quantum dots with Al, Ni and Zn tetraamino-phthalocyanines by hydrogen peroxide
- Adegoke, Oluwasesan, Khene, Samson M, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Khene, Samson M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/241750 , vital:50966 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-013-1222-x"
- Description: In this study, we have developed a novel nanoprobe for H2O2 based on the conjugation of CdTe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs) to different metal tetraamino-phthalocyanine (MTAPc): (M = (OAc)Al, {OAc = acetate}, Ni and Zn). Chemical coordination of the QDs to the MTAPc resulted in the fluorescence “switch off” of the linked QDs which was associated with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). In the presence of varying concentration of H2O2, the fluorescence of the linked QDs was progressively “switched on” and the FRET mechanism between the QDs and the MTAPc was disrupted. The sensitivity/limit of detection of the nanoprobe followed the order: QDs-ZnTAPc (2.2 μM) > QDs-NiTAPc (4.4 μM) > QDs-AlTAPc (9.8 μM) while the selectivity followed the order: QDs-NiTAPc > QDs-AlTAPc > QDs-ZnTAPc. The varying degree of sensitivity/selectivity and mechanism of detection is discussed in detail.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Khene, Samson M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/241750 , vital:50966 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-013-1222-x"
- Description: In this study, we have developed a novel nanoprobe for H2O2 based on the conjugation of CdTe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs) to different metal tetraamino-phthalocyanine (MTAPc): (M = (OAc)Al, {OAc = acetate}, Ni and Zn). Chemical coordination of the QDs to the MTAPc resulted in the fluorescence “switch off” of the linked QDs which was associated with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). In the presence of varying concentration of H2O2, the fluorescence of the linked QDs was progressively “switched on” and the FRET mechanism between the QDs and the MTAPc was disrupted. The sensitivity/limit of detection of the nanoprobe followed the order: QDs-ZnTAPc (2.2 μM) > QDs-NiTAPc (4.4 μM) > QDs-AlTAPc (9.8 μM) while the selectivity followed the order: QDs-NiTAPc > QDs-AlTAPc > QDs-ZnTAPc. The varying degree of sensitivity/selectivity and mechanism of detection is discussed in detail.
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Fluorescence “turn on” probe for bromide ion using nanoconjugates of glutathione-capped CdTe@ ZnS quantum dots with nickel tetraamino-phthalocyanine
- Adegoke, Oluwasesan, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190479 , vital:44998 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.05.013"
- Description: In this paper, three differently sized glutathione (GSH)-capped CdTe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs) have been successfully conjugated to nickel tetraamino-phthalocyanine (NiTAPc) to form different QDs-NiTAPc nanocomplexes. Several techniques such as TEM, FT-IR, time-resolved fluorescence measurement and electronic spectroscopy were employed to characterize the nanocomplex. Bromide ion was chosen as a model anion to test the efficacy of the nanoprobe. The fluorescence of the nanoconjugate was “turned off” upon binding but was progressively “turned on” upon interaction with varying concentrations of bromide ion. Experimental results showed that the quantum size effect of nanocrystal QD determined the overall sensitivity and selectivity of the nanoprobe and followed the order QD563-NiTAPc > QD605-NiTAPc > QD621-NiTAPc. The mechanism of reaction is proposed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190479 , vital:44998 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.05.013"
- Description: In this paper, three differently sized glutathione (GSH)-capped CdTe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs) have been successfully conjugated to nickel tetraamino-phthalocyanine (NiTAPc) to form different QDs-NiTAPc nanocomplexes. Several techniques such as TEM, FT-IR, time-resolved fluorescence measurement and electronic spectroscopy were employed to characterize the nanocomplex. Bromide ion was chosen as a model anion to test the efficacy of the nanoprobe. The fluorescence of the nanoconjugate was “turned off” upon binding but was progressively “turned on” upon interaction with varying concentrations of bromide ion. Experimental results showed that the quantum size effect of nanocrystal QD determined the overall sensitivity and selectivity of the nanoprobe and followed the order QD563-NiTAPc > QD605-NiTAPc > QD621-NiTAPc. The mechanism of reaction is proposed.
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Forced degradation studies of clobetasol 17‐propionate in methanol, propylene glycol, as bulk drug and cream formulations by RP‐HPLC
- Fauzee, Ayesha F, Walker, Roderick B
- Authors: Fauzee, Ayesha F , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184005 , vital:44154 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201200969"
- Description: A rapid, simple, stability-indicating forced degradation study of clobetasol 17-propionate was conducted using RP-HPLC. The method was used to analyze clobetasol 17-propionate in methanol, propylene glycol, and a cream formulation. Isocratic elution of clobetasol and its degradation products was achieved using a Nova-Pak® 4 μm C18 150 mm × 3.9 mm id cartridge column and a mobile phase of methanol: water (68:32 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.9 mL min−1. Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 239 nm. Nondegraded clobetasol was eluted at a retention time of 6.0 min. Clobetasol 17-propionate was subjected to different stress conditions viz., acidic, basic, heat, oxidation, light, and neutral hydrolysis. The greatest degradation occurred under strong base and oxidative conditions. Strong base-degraded clobetasol produced additional peaks at retention times of 1.8, 4.0, 5.0, and 8.0 min and clobetasol oxidation degradation peaks eluted at 2.2 and 24 min. Complete validation was performed for linearity, accuracy, and precision over the concentration range 0.15–15 μg mL−1. All data were analyzed statistically and this RP-HPLC method proved to be accurate, precise, linear, and stability indicating for the quantitation of clobetasol 17-propionate in methanol, propylene glycol, and cream formulations.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Fauzee, Ayesha F , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184005 , vital:44154 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201200969"
- Description: A rapid, simple, stability-indicating forced degradation study of clobetasol 17-propionate was conducted using RP-HPLC. The method was used to analyze clobetasol 17-propionate in methanol, propylene glycol, and a cream formulation. Isocratic elution of clobetasol and its degradation products was achieved using a Nova-Pak® 4 μm C18 150 mm × 3.9 mm id cartridge column and a mobile phase of methanol: water (68:32 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.9 mL min−1. Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 239 nm. Nondegraded clobetasol was eluted at a retention time of 6.0 min. Clobetasol 17-propionate was subjected to different stress conditions viz., acidic, basic, heat, oxidation, light, and neutral hydrolysis. The greatest degradation occurred under strong base and oxidative conditions. Strong base-degraded clobetasol produced additional peaks at retention times of 1.8, 4.0, 5.0, and 8.0 min and clobetasol oxidation degradation peaks eluted at 2.2 and 24 min. Complete validation was performed for linearity, accuracy, and precision over the concentration range 0.15–15 μg mL−1. All data were analyzed statistically and this RP-HPLC method proved to be accurate, precise, linear, and stability indicating for the quantitation of clobetasol 17-propionate in methanol, propylene glycol, and cream formulations.
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Forensic Entomology: An introduction, D.E. Gennard: book review
- Authors: Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/451721 , vital:75072 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC141290
- Description: Dorothy Gennard's role in the fourth-year course in Forensic Science at the University of Lincoln has placed her in an excellent position to design a text that caters for this level. It was generally agreed (e.g. Villet and Richards 2008; Higley and Huntington 2009) that the first edition of her book, published in 2007, was a useful text for teaching introductory courses in forensics, and this substantially revised edition is even better suited to that niche. Other recently revised texts are either difficult to acquire (Haskell and Williams, 2008) or more expensive reference works (Amendt et al. 2010; Byrd and Castner 2010).
- Full Text:
- Authors: Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/451721 , vital:75072 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC141290
- Description: Dorothy Gennard's role in the fourth-year course in Forensic Science at the University of Lincoln has placed her in an excellent position to design a text that caters for this level. It was generally agreed (e.g. Villet and Richards 2008; Higley and Huntington 2009) that the first edition of her book, published in 2007, was a useful text for teaching introductory courses in forensics, and this substantially revised edition is even better suited to that niche. Other recently revised texts are either difficult to acquire (Haskell and Williams, 2008) or more expensive reference works (Amendt et al. 2010; Byrd and Castner 2010).
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Gazing at Exhibit A
- Authors: Krueger, Anton
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/229643 , vital:49696 , xlink:href="http://liminalities.net/9-1/exhibit.pdf"
- Description: Brett Bailey recently toured a new work in Europe and South Africa, called The Exhibit Series (2010-2013). In different countries the work has appeared under different titles—Exhibit A and Exhibit B, while Exhibit C will be produced in 2014. These productions replicate and parody ethnographic spectacles of the nineteenth century, interrogating European colonial atrocities in Africa, as well as contemporary xenophobia. They consist of a series of installations housed in individual rooms that audience members enter one by one. Inside these rooms one is confronted by beautifully arranged spectacles referencing historical atrocities committed in Namibia by German speaking peoples, as well as atrocities under the Belgian and French colonial regimes in the two Congos. The “exhibits” also include references to more recent incidents of European racism against migrants from Africa. The work has been both applauded and derided. In Berlin, for example, activists called it “a human zoo” and protested that this was “the wrong way to discuss a violent colonial history,”1 while others have called the work “haunting”, praising the production for its “dignity” and “beauty.”2
- Full Text:
- Authors: Krueger, Anton
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/229643 , vital:49696 , xlink:href="http://liminalities.net/9-1/exhibit.pdf"
- Description: Brett Bailey recently toured a new work in Europe and South Africa, called The Exhibit Series (2010-2013). In different countries the work has appeared under different titles—Exhibit A and Exhibit B, while Exhibit C will be produced in 2014. These productions replicate and parody ethnographic spectacles of the nineteenth century, interrogating European colonial atrocities in Africa, as well as contemporary xenophobia. They consist of a series of installations housed in individual rooms that audience members enter one by one. Inside these rooms one is confronted by beautifully arranged spectacles referencing historical atrocities committed in Namibia by German speaking peoples, as well as atrocities under the Belgian and French colonial regimes in the two Congos. The “exhibits” also include references to more recent incidents of European racism against migrants from Africa. The work has been both applauded and derided. In Berlin, for example, activists called it “a human zoo” and protested that this was “the wrong way to discuss a violent colonial history,”1 while others have called the work “haunting”, praising the production for its “dignity” and “beauty.”2
- Full Text:
Glutathione capped CdTe@ ZnS quantum dots–zinc tetracarboxy phthalocyanine conjugates
- Sekhosana, Kutloana E, Antunes, Edith M, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Sekhosana, Kutloana E , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193780 , vital:45395 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2013.02.060"
- Description: Conjugates of zinc tetracarboxy phthalocyanine (ZnPc(COOH)4) with CdTe@ZnS–GSH quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized and characterized by several techniques including X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. There was an observed decrease in both the fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes of the quantum dots when they were linked or mixed with ZnPc(COOH)4 due to Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The FRET behavior of CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)4 conjugates was compared to that of CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)8. Higher FRET efficiencies were observed for CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)4-mixed or CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)4-linked compared to the corresponding CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)8-mixed or CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)8-linked. Also CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)4-mixed (containing coreshell QDs) showed higher FRET efficiency than CdTE–TGA–ZnPc(COOH)4-mixed containing core QDs. The FRET efficiencies were found to be 63% and 59% for the CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)4-linked and CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)4-mixed samples, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Sekhosana, Kutloana E , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193780 , vital:45395 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2013.02.060"
- Description: Conjugates of zinc tetracarboxy phthalocyanine (ZnPc(COOH)4) with CdTe@ZnS–GSH quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized and characterized by several techniques including X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. There was an observed decrease in both the fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes of the quantum dots when they were linked or mixed with ZnPc(COOH)4 due to Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The FRET behavior of CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)4 conjugates was compared to that of CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)8. Higher FRET efficiencies were observed for CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)4-mixed or CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)4-linked compared to the corresponding CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)8-mixed or CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)8-linked. Also CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)4-mixed (containing coreshell QDs) showed higher FRET efficiency than CdTE–TGA–ZnPc(COOH)4-mixed containing core QDs. The FRET efficiencies were found to be 63% and 59% for the CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)4-linked and CdTe@ZnS–GSH–ZnPc(COOH)4-mixed samples, respectively.
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Identification of a uniquely southern African clade of coastal pipefishes Syngnathus spp.
- Mwale, Monica, Kaiser, Horst, Barker, Nigel P, Wilson, A B, Teske, Peter R
- Authors: Mwale, Monica , Kaiser, Horst , Barker, Nigel P , Wilson, A B , Teske, Peter R
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/445499 , vital:74393 , https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12130
- Description: The taxonomic status of two southern African coastal pipefish species, Syngnathus temminckii and Syngnathus watermeyeri, was investigated using a combination of morphological and genetic data. Morphological data showed that S. temminckii is distinct from the broadly distributed European pipefish Syngnathus acus, and a molecular phylogeny reconstructed using mitochondrial DNA recovered S. temminckii and S. watermeyeri as sister taxa. The southern African species share an evolutionary origin with north‐eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea species, including S. acus. These data support the existence of a distinct southern African clade of Syngnathus pipefishes that has diverged in situ to form the two species present in the region today.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mwale, Monica , Kaiser, Horst , Barker, Nigel P , Wilson, A B , Teske, Peter R
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/445499 , vital:74393 , https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12130
- Description: The taxonomic status of two southern African coastal pipefish species, Syngnathus temminckii and Syngnathus watermeyeri, was investigated using a combination of morphological and genetic data. Morphological data showed that S. temminckii is distinct from the broadly distributed European pipefish Syngnathus acus, and a molecular phylogeny reconstructed using mitochondrial DNA recovered S. temminckii and S. watermeyeri as sister taxa. The southern African species share an evolutionary origin with north‐eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea species, including S. acus. These data support the existence of a distinct southern African clade of Syngnathus pipefishes that has diverged in situ to form the two species present in the region today.
- Full Text:
Identity and origins of introduced and native Azolla species in Florida
- Madeira, Paul T, Center, Ted D, Coetzee, Julie A, Pemberton, Robert W, Purcell, Matthew F, Hill, Martin P
- Authors: Madeira, Paul T , Center, Ted D , Coetzee, Julie A , Pemberton, Robert W , Purcell, Matthew F , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419313 , vital:71634 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2013.07.009"
- Description: Azolla pinnata, an introduced aquatic fern, is spreading rapidly causing concern that it may displace native Azolla. It is now present in the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, the northernmost portion of the Florida Everglades. Because A. pinnata subspecies are native to Africa, Southeast Asia, and Australia, determining the actual geographic origin of the Florida exotic is important to the discovery of efficacious biological control agents. Both the exotic and native Azollas were examined using morphological and molecular criteria. Both criteria distinguished three A. pinnata subspecies with the Florida exotic matching the Australian A. pinnata subsp. pinnata. Molecular divergence between the A. pinnata subspecies indicates the three types should be considered separate species. The Florida native was characterized by both molecular and morphological methods as Azolla caroliniana. The discovery of a previously uncharacterized Ecuadorian Azolla, which appears to be a paternal ancestor of A. caroliniana, indicates that A. caroliniana is a hybrid species.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Madeira, Paul T , Center, Ted D , Coetzee, Julie A , Pemberton, Robert W , Purcell, Matthew F , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419313 , vital:71634 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2013.07.009"
- Description: Azolla pinnata, an introduced aquatic fern, is spreading rapidly causing concern that it may displace native Azolla. It is now present in the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, the northernmost portion of the Florida Everglades. Because A. pinnata subspecies are native to Africa, Southeast Asia, and Australia, determining the actual geographic origin of the Florida exotic is important to the discovery of efficacious biological control agents. Both the exotic and native Azollas were examined using morphological and molecular criteria. Both criteria distinguished three A. pinnata subspecies with the Florida exotic matching the Australian A. pinnata subsp. pinnata. Molecular divergence between the A. pinnata subspecies indicates the three types should be considered separate species. The Florida native was characterized by both molecular and morphological methods as Azolla caroliniana. The discovery of a previously uncharacterized Ecuadorian Azolla, which appears to be a paternal ancestor of A. caroliniana, indicates that A. caroliniana is a hybrid species.
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Impact of insecticides on the reproductive potential of false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick, 1913)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
- Authors: Fullard, T , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/406092 , vital:70238 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC141302"
- Description: False codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta(Meyrick, 1913) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is animportant pest on citrus in South Africa. Several new insecticides were screened for theirpotential negative impacts onT. leucotreta’s reproduction through topical insecticide applica-tions and detached fruit bioassays. Detached fruit bioassays showed that the registeredstandard concentration of Delegate®20 g/100 l and DPX-HGW86 35 ml/100 l caused femalesto oviposit significantly fewer eggs (P= 0.0016) than the controls. The same was found forthe registered concentration of Coragen® (P is less than 0.0001). Topical insecticide trials showed thatonly concentrations of Coragen®, at the registered field rate and above had an effect on themoths’ reproductive output (P is less than 0.0001). Alsystin®and Meothrin™, which were used asindustry standards, did not negatively affect the reproductive output of the moths duringtopical or detached fruit bioassay trials. This study helps to better understand the impor-tance of the application mode,i.e.directly on moths or fruit and implies secondary benefits tosome insecticide applications.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Fullard, T , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/406092 , vital:70238 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC141302"
- Description: False codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta(Meyrick, 1913) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is animportant pest on citrus in South Africa. Several new insecticides were screened for theirpotential negative impacts onT. leucotreta’s reproduction through topical insecticide applica-tions and detached fruit bioassays. Detached fruit bioassays showed that the registeredstandard concentration of Delegate®20 g/100 l and DPX-HGW86 35 ml/100 l caused femalesto oviposit significantly fewer eggs (P= 0.0016) than the controls. The same was found forthe registered concentration of Coragen® (P is less than 0.0001). Topical insecticide trials showed thatonly concentrations of Coragen®, at the registered field rate and above had an effect on themoths’ reproductive output (P is less than 0.0001). Alsystin®and Meothrin™, which were used asindustry standards, did not negatively affect the reproductive output of the moths duringtopical or detached fruit bioassay trials. This study helps to better understand the impor-tance of the application mode,i.e.directly on moths or fruit and implies secondary benefits tosome insecticide applications.
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Impacts of a sub-lethal dose of glyphosate on water hyacinth nutrients and its indirect effects on Neochetina weevils
- Katembo, Naweji, Hill, Martin P, Byrne, Marcus J
- Authors: Katembo, Naweji , Hill, Martin P , Byrne, Marcus J
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/417726 , vital:71481 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2013.839982"
- Description: A sub-lethal dose of a herbicide under field conditions was applied to determine if it stimulates an increase in water hyacinth nutrients, thereby increasing feeding intensity by Neochetina spp. weevils used as biocontrol agents of the weed. Nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) were measured and compared between sprayed plants and control plants. At one site (Delta Park), N levels were lower in the sprayed plants compared to the control plants both in the leaves and the crown. At the second site (Farm Dam), leaf N was also lower in the sprayed plants than in the control plants, while no difference was found in crown N. Mean number of feeding scars per cm2 at Delta Park was significantly higher on the sprayed plants compared to the control plants, while no significant difference was found at Farm Dam. At Delta Park, there was no correlation, however, between the number of weevil feeding scars and leaf N or C:N ratio in sprayed plants. In conclusion, the sub-lethal dose of glyphosate did not directly result in an increase in weevil feeding intensity but it can be recommended in an integrated control system to retard water hyacinth growth while conserving the weevil population.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Katembo, Naweji , Hill, Martin P , Byrne, Marcus J
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/417726 , vital:71481 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2013.839982"
- Description: A sub-lethal dose of a herbicide under field conditions was applied to determine if it stimulates an increase in water hyacinth nutrients, thereby increasing feeding intensity by Neochetina spp. weevils used as biocontrol agents of the weed. Nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) were measured and compared between sprayed plants and control plants. At one site (Delta Park), N levels were lower in the sprayed plants compared to the control plants both in the leaves and the crown. At the second site (Farm Dam), leaf N was also lower in the sprayed plants than in the control plants, while no difference was found in crown N. Mean number of feeding scars per cm2 at Delta Park was significantly higher on the sprayed plants compared to the control plants, while no significant difference was found at Farm Dam. At Delta Park, there was no correlation, however, between the number of weevil feeding scars and leaf N or C:N ratio in sprayed plants. In conclusion, the sub-lethal dose of glyphosate did not directly result in an increase in weevil feeding intensity but it can be recommended in an integrated control system to retard water hyacinth growth while conserving the weevil population.
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Influence of nanoparticle materials on the photophysical behavior of phthalocyanines
- Nyokong, Tebello, Antunes, Edith M
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello , Antunes, Edith M
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190450 , vital:44995 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2013.03.016"
- Description: This review presents recent data on the photophysical behavior of phthalocyanines when conjugated to quantum dots, gold and magnetic nanoparticles. In some cases such conjugates offer the possibility of being used in “combination therapy”, where two or more substances may be used for treating one disease. The review focuses on the effect that the presence of nanoparticles has on the excited and triplet state parameters of the phthalocyanines. Five tables listing these parameters are presented.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello , Antunes, Edith M
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190450 , vital:44995 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2013.03.016"
- Description: This review presents recent data on the photophysical behavior of phthalocyanines when conjugated to quantum dots, gold and magnetic nanoparticles. In some cases such conjugates offer the possibility of being used in “combination therapy”, where two or more substances may be used for treating one disease. The review focuses on the effect that the presence of nanoparticles has on the excited and triplet state parameters of the phthalocyanines. Five tables listing these parameters are presented.
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Introducing a Critical Pedagogy of Sexual and Reproductive Citizenship: Extending the ‘Framework of Thick Desire'
- Macleod, Catriona I, Vincent, Louise
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Vincent, Louise
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434411 , vital:73056 , ISBN 978-1-4899-8025-0 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203069141-7/introducing-critical-pedagogy-sexual-reproductive-citizenship-catriona-macleod-louise-vincent
- Description: In Michelle Fine’s influential 1988 paper,‘Sexuality, Schooling, and Adolescent Females: The Missing Discourse of Desire’, she examined the “desires, fears, and fantasies”(p. 30) shaping responses to sex education in the United States in the 1980s. Fine’s work encouraged a ‘turn to pleasure’in sexuality education research. This work focused on and critiqued Fine’s idea, elaborated below, of a ‘missing discourse of desire’in the education of young people and of young women in particular (see for instance Allen, 2004, 2005; Connell, 2005; Rasmussen, 2004, 2012; Tolman, 1994; Vance, 1993). Less taken up, however, was a second major thread in Fine’s 1988 paper, namely the ‘absence of entitlement’in which she argued that not only the absence of a discourse of desire but also the absence of “viable life options” for young women combined to produce their vulnerability (Fine, 1988, p. 49). Almost twenty years later, in a 2006 article, Fine, with Sara McClelland, revisited the missing discourse of desire, this time in the context of an educational crusade in the United States advocating Abstinence Only Until Marriage (AOUM) approaches to sexuality education.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Vincent, Louise
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434411 , vital:73056 , ISBN 978-1-4899-8025-0 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203069141-7/introducing-critical-pedagogy-sexual-reproductive-citizenship-catriona-macleod-louise-vincent
- Description: In Michelle Fine’s influential 1988 paper,‘Sexuality, Schooling, and Adolescent Females: The Missing Discourse of Desire’, she examined the “desires, fears, and fantasies”(p. 30) shaping responses to sex education in the United States in the 1980s. Fine’s work encouraged a ‘turn to pleasure’in sexuality education research. This work focused on and critiqued Fine’s idea, elaborated below, of a ‘missing discourse of desire’in the education of young people and of young women in particular (see for instance Allen, 2004, 2005; Connell, 2005; Rasmussen, 2004, 2012; Tolman, 1994; Vance, 1993). Less taken up, however, was a second major thread in Fine’s 1988 paper, namely the ‘absence of entitlement’in which she argued that not only the absence of a discourse of desire but also the absence of “viable life options” for young women combined to produce their vulnerability (Fine, 1988, p. 49). Almost twenty years later, in a 2006 article, Fine, with Sara McClelland, revisited the missing discourse of desire, this time in the context of an educational crusade in the United States advocating Abstinence Only Until Marriage (AOUM) approaches to sexuality education.
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Is classical biological control a 20th century" old science" paradigm that is losing its way?
- Sheppard, Andy, Werner, K, Hill, Martin P, McEvoy, Peter, Fowler, Simon, Hill, Richard
- Authors: Sheppard, Andy , Werner, K , Hill, Martin P , McEvoy, Peter , Fowler, Simon , Hill, Richard
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/425434 , vital:72239 , xlink:href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/44754"
- Description: For years most countries accepted the benefits of biological control as given, leading to facilitated inside lanes through the regulatory maze. "Successes" led to many passionate disciples over science rationalists. Biocontrol targets continue to be selected on assumptions of good value with little direct evidence. Even when successful, biocontrol has rarely delivered environmental benefits that have been measured. Money flow is still healthy, but is arguably being directed against less impactful targets. Lack of science rigour exposes the field to attacks from an increasing number of critics as values change. A global change driven counter-revolution is underway on the dichotomy of hate between natives and aliens. Will climate change undermine even currently successful biocontrol outcomes? Meanwhile negative direct and indirect impacts of biological continue to fuel dissent. Nowhere is this issue hotter than in Hawaii where "invaders" have massively increased biodiversity, make up nearly all the biomass and create whole new ecosystems. This workshop will entertain a panel discussion around the future for classical biological control of weeds. Does it need to change its paradigm in response to changing societal values, if so can it reinvent itself?
- Full Text:
- Authors: Sheppard, Andy , Werner, K , Hill, Martin P , McEvoy, Peter , Fowler, Simon , Hill, Richard
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/425434 , vital:72239 , xlink:href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/44754"
- Description: For years most countries accepted the benefits of biological control as given, leading to facilitated inside lanes through the regulatory maze. "Successes" led to many passionate disciples over science rationalists. Biocontrol targets continue to be selected on assumptions of good value with little direct evidence. Even when successful, biocontrol has rarely delivered environmental benefits that have been measured. Money flow is still healthy, but is arguably being directed against less impactful targets. Lack of science rigour exposes the field to attacks from an increasing number of critics as values change. A global change driven counter-revolution is underway on the dichotomy of hate between natives and aliens. Will climate change undermine even currently successful biocontrol outcomes? Meanwhile negative direct and indirect impacts of biological continue to fuel dissent. Nowhere is this issue hotter than in Hawaii where "invaders" have massively increased biodiversity, make up nearly all the biomass and create whole new ecosystems. This workshop will entertain a panel discussion around the future for classical biological control of weeds. Does it need to change its paradigm in response to changing societal values, if so can it reinvent itself?
- Full Text:
Land claims and the pursuit of co-management on four protected areas in South Africa
- Cundill, Georgina, Thondhlana, Gladman, Sisitka, Lawrence, Shackleton, Sheona, Blorea, M
- Authors: Cundill, Georgina , Thondhlana, Gladman , Sisitka, Lawrence , Shackleton, Sheona , Blorea, M
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391223 , vital:68632 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.05.016"
- Description: Successful land claims on protected areas by previously disenfranchised communities often result in co-management agreements between claimant communities and state conservation agencies. South Africa, in particular, has pursued co-management as the desired outcome of land claims on its protected areas. We review four cases of co-management on protected areas in South Africa, and reflect on the appropriateness of the pursuit of co-management as the preferred outcome of land claims. Despite promises of pro-poor, democratically informed management, the practical experience of co-management has seen the continuation of the status quo in terms of conservation, with very few material benefits for claimant communities and limited sharing of responsibilities and decision-making functions. The findings underscore two deep challenges facing co-management in cases of land claims worldwide. First, during land claims negotiations in cases involving protected areas, the state cannot be expected to represent the best interests of its citizens (the land claimants), while simultaneously seeking to meet national and international obligations for protected area coverage. Second, the concept of democratic co-management may sit uncomfortably beside the realities of managing loss-making protected areas with ever-shrinking conservation budgets. Where co-management agreements have already been signed, ensuring that new landowners do indeed have a say in management should form the driving focus for co-management practice going forward.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Cundill, Georgina , Thondhlana, Gladman , Sisitka, Lawrence , Shackleton, Sheona , Blorea, M
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/391223 , vital:68632 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.05.016"
- Description: Successful land claims on protected areas by previously disenfranchised communities often result in co-management agreements between claimant communities and state conservation agencies. South Africa, in particular, has pursued co-management as the desired outcome of land claims on its protected areas. We review four cases of co-management on protected areas in South Africa, and reflect on the appropriateness of the pursuit of co-management as the preferred outcome of land claims. Despite promises of pro-poor, democratically informed management, the practical experience of co-management has seen the continuation of the status quo in terms of conservation, with very few material benefits for claimant communities and limited sharing of responsibilities and decision-making functions. The findings underscore two deep challenges facing co-management in cases of land claims worldwide. First, during land claims negotiations in cases involving protected areas, the state cannot be expected to represent the best interests of its citizens (the land claimants), while simultaneously seeking to meet national and international obligations for protected area coverage. Second, the concept of democratic co-management may sit uncomfortably beside the realities of managing loss-making protected areas with ever-shrinking conservation budgets. Where co-management agreements have already been signed, ensuring that new landowners do indeed have a say in management should form the driving focus for co-management practice going forward.
- Full Text: