A critical review of environmental factors influencing the transport dynamics of microplastics in riverine systems: implications for ecological studies
- Owowenu, Enahora K, Nnadozie, Chika F, Akamagwuna, Frank C, Noundou, Xavier S, Uku, Jude E, Odume, Oghenekaro N
- Authors: Owowenu, Enahora K , Nnadozie, Chika F , Akamagwuna, Frank C , Noundou, Xavier S , Uku, Jude E , Odume, Oghenekaro N
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/484452 , vital:78907 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-023-10029-7
- Description: Microplastics (MPs) in rivers present an ecological risk. In this paper, we review hydro-geomorphological, biological, and allochthonous factors that may influence the distribution and transport of MPs in riverine systems. We also review MPs characteristics that may impact their distribution and transport. At the reach scale, hydraulic biotopes and their key features such as flow velocity, bed roughness, depth, and channel morphology are important features that shape the distribution and transport of MPs in riverine systems and should be considered in the design of MPs studies. Microbial-MPs interaction may impact MPs density, aggregation and thus transport dynamics. Instream vegetation may act as a physical trap of MPs, which may impact their horizontal transport and aggregation. Lateral transport of MPs is impacted mostly by precipitation, run-off, point and non-point discharges. The polymer density, size and shapes of MPs are critical factors that influence their transport dynamics in riverine systems. Microplastic sampling protocols should be designed to reflect hydro-geomorphological considerations. The unique interaction of MPs physical characteristics and hydraulic biotopes creates differential exposure of riverine organisms to MPs and should be used to unravel potential impacts. Biomonitoring studies should integrate the complex MPs-hydraulic interaction for ecologically meaningful investigation into organismal exposure to MPs in their preferred biotopes. Overall, our review indicates the influences of hydro-geomorphological features on the transport dynamics of MPs and their ecological significance for the study of MPs in rivers.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Owowenu, Enahora K , Nnadozie, Chika F , Akamagwuna, Frank C , Noundou, Xavier S , Uku, Jude E , Odume, Oghenekaro N
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/484452 , vital:78907 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-023-10029-7
- Description: Microplastics (MPs) in rivers present an ecological risk. In this paper, we review hydro-geomorphological, biological, and allochthonous factors that may influence the distribution and transport of MPs in riverine systems. We also review MPs characteristics that may impact their distribution and transport. At the reach scale, hydraulic biotopes and their key features such as flow velocity, bed roughness, depth, and channel morphology are important features that shape the distribution and transport of MPs in riverine systems and should be considered in the design of MPs studies. Microbial-MPs interaction may impact MPs density, aggregation and thus transport dynamics. Instream vegetation may act as a physical trap of MPs, which may impact their horizontal transport and aggregation. Lateral transport of MPs is impacted mostly by precipitation, run-off, point and non-point discharges. The polymer density, size and shapes of MPs are critical factors that influence their transport dynamics in riverine systems. Microplastic sampling protocols should be designed to reflect hydro-geomorphological considerations. The unique interaction of MPs physical characteristics and hydraulic biotopes creates differential exposure of riverine organisms to MPs and should be used to unravel potential impacts. Biomonitoring studies should integrate the complex MPs-hydraulic interaction for ecologically meaningful investigation into organismal exposure to MPs in their preferred biotopes. Overall, our review indicates the influences of hydro-geomorphological features on the transport dynamics of MPs and their ecological significance for the study of MPs in rivers.
- Full Text:
A Practical Use for AI-Generated Images
- Boby, Alden, Brown, Dane L, Connan, James
- Authors: Boby, Alden , Brown, Dane L , Connan, James
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463345 , vital:76401 , xlink:href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-43838-7_12"
- Description: Collecting data for research can be costly and time-consuming, and available methods to speed up the process are limited. This research paper compares real data and AI-generated images for training an object detection model. The study aimed to assess how the utilisation of AI-generated images influences the performance of an object detection model. The study used a popular object detection model, YOLO, and trained it on a dataset with real car images as well as a synthetic dataset generated with a state-of-the-art diffusion model. The results showed that while the model trained on real data performed better on real-world images, the model trained on AI-generated images, in some cases, showed improved performance on certain images and was good enough to function as a licence plate detector on its own. The study highlights the potential of using AI-generated images for data augmentation in object detection models and sheds light on the trade-off between real and synthetic data in the training process. The findings of this study can inform future research in object detection and help practitioners make informed decisions when choosing between real and synthetic data for training object detection models.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Boby, Alden , Brown, Dane L , Connan, James
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463345 , vital:76401 , xlink:href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-43838-7_12"
- Description: Collecting data for research can be costly and time-consuming, and available methods to speed up the process are limited. This research paper compares real data and AI-generated images for training an object detection model. The study aimed to assess how the utilisation of AI-generated images influences the performance of an object detection model. The study used a popular object detection model, YOLO, and trained it on a dataset with real car images as well as a synthetic dataset generated with a state-of-the-art diffusion model. The results showed that while the model trained on real data performed better on real-world images, the model trained on AI-generated images, in some cases, showed improved performance on certain images and was good enough to function as a licence plate detector on its own. The study highlights the potential of using AI-generated images for data augmentation in object detection models and sheds light on the trade-off between real and synthetic data in the training process. The findings of this study can inform future research in object detection and help practitioners make informed decisions when choosing between real and synthetic data for training object detection models.
- Full Text:
A replacement name for Bostra Stål (Insecta, Phasmida, Diapheromeridae), a junior homonym of Bostra Walker (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae)
- Authors: Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440738 , vital:73808 , https://jor.pensoft.net/article/97047/
- Description: Bostra Stål (Phasmida, Diapheromeridae) is a junior homonym of Bostra Walker (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). The replacement name Bostranova Villet nomen nov. is proposed for Bostra Stål, and new combinations are proposed for the species-group names currently included in that phasmid genus.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440738 , vital:73808 , https://jor.pensoft.net/article/97047/
- Description: Bostra Stål (Phasmida, Diapheromeridae) is a junior homonym of Bostra Walker (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). The replacement name Bostranova Villet nomen nov. is proposed for Bostra Stål, and new combinations are proposed for the species-group names currently included in that phasmid genus.
- Full Text:
A review of antibiotic resistance among Campylobacter species in human, animal, and water sources in South Africa: a One Health Approach
- Chibwe, Mary, Odume, Oghenekaro N, Nnadozie, Chika F
- Authors: Chibwe, Mary , Odume, Oghenekaro N , Nnadozie, Chika F
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/484622 , vital:78977 , https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2022.146
- Description: Campylobacter species are among the aetiological agents responsible for 400–500 million human diarrhoea cases per annum. The risk of dissemination of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter species between humans, animals, and the environment is anticipated, given its transmissibility through these sources. The objective of this paper is to present a situation analysis that reports the current patterns and determinants of Campylobacter antibiotic resistance in South Africa. This review applies the One Health (OH) Approach to systematically review and collate the current antibiotic resistance status among Campylobacter spp. in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Chibwe, Mary , Odume, Oghenekaro N , Nnadozie, Chika F
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/484622 , vital:78977 , https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2022.146
- Description: Campylobacter species are among the aetiological agents responsible for 400–500 million human diarrhoea cases per annum. The risk of dissemination of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter species between humans, animals, and the environment is anticipated, given its transmissibility through these sources. The objective of this paper is to present a situation analysis that reports the current patterns and determinants of Campylobacter antibiotic resistance in South Africa. This review applies the One Health (OH) Approach to systematically review and collate the current antibiotic resistance status among Campylobacter spp. in South Africa.
- Full Text:
A scoping review of the changing landscape of doctoral education
- McKenna, Sioux, Van Schalkwyk, Susan
- Authors: McKenna, Sioux , Van Schalkwyk, Susan
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/482864 , vital:78696 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2023.2168121
- Description: A scoping review to identify models of doctoral supervision as described in the literature (2000 and 2021) was conducted using Arksey and O’Malley’s six-step framework. Four bibliographic databases generated 2102 potential studies. Further screening identified 81 articles for inclusion. The findings highlight that despite differences in terminology, an international move towards more collaborative and structured approaches is identifiable. Benefits detailed in the literature include: better throughput, the mitigation of loneliness and power issues implicated in one-on-one approaches, and the possibility for a stronger research foundation and interdisciplinary work. Concerns were also noted about increasing managerialism whereby support structures focus on efficiencies rather than quality and growing ties between industry and doctoral education without much critique of possible conflicts.
- Full Text:
- Authors: McKenna, Sioux , Van Schalkwyk, Susan
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/482864 , vital:78696 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2023.2168121
- Description: A scoping review to identify models of doctoral supervision as described in the literature (2000 and 2021) was conducted using Arksey and O’Malley’s six-step framework. Four bibliographic databases generated 2102 potential studies. Further screening identified 81 articles for inclusion. The findings highlight that despite differences in terminology, an international move towards more collaborative and structured approaches is identifiable. Benefits detailed in the literature include: better throughput, the mitigation of loneliness and power issues implicated in one-on-one approaches, and the possibility for a stronger research foundation and interdisciplinary work. Concerns were also noted about increasing managerialism whereby support structures focus on efficiencies rather than quality and growing ties between industry and doctoral education without much critique of possible conflicts.
- Full Text:
A socio-political and historical perspective of linguistic prescriptivism in relation to the African languages of southern Africa
- Kaschula, Russell H, Mokapela, Sebolelo, Nkomo, Dion, Nosilela, Bulelwa
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H , Mokapela, Sebolelo , Nkomo, Dion , Nosilela, Bulelwa
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/468042 , vital:77002 , ISBN 9781003095125 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003095125-22/socio-political-historical-perspective-linguistic-prescriptivism-relation-african-languages-southern-africa-russell-kaschula-sebolelo-mokapela-dion-nkomo-bulelwa-nosilela
- Description: Major languages in southern Africa evolved from oral to the written mode within particular socio-cultural and political milieu from the eighteenth century. In the postcolonial period, some African countries established regulatory bodies, while others maintained those established during the colonial period to oversee the development and use of African languages. The quest for uniformity manifested itself in a prescriptive approach to the orthographies and grammars of southern African languages. This chapter looks at how prescriptivism emerged from those socio-political and historical processes to become a feature in the development and use of African languages in southern Africa.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H , Mokapela, Sebolelo , Nkomo, Dion , Nosilela, Bulelwa
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/468042 , vital:77002 , ISBN 9781003095125 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003095125-22/socio-political-historical-perspective-linguistic-prescriptivism-relation-african-languages-southern-africa-russell-kaschula-sebolelo-mokapela-dion-nkomo-bulelwa-nosilela
- Description: Major languages in southern Africa evolved from oral to the written mode within particular socio-cultural and political milieu from the eighteenth century. In the postcolonial period, some African countries established regulatory bodies, while others maintained those established during the colonial period to oversee the development and use of African languages. The quest for uniformity manifested itself in a prescriptive approach to the orthographies and grammars of southern African languages. This chapter looks at how prescriptivism emerged from those socio-political and historical processes to become a feature in the development and use of African languages in southern Africa.
- Full Text:
A Spectre Haunting a Journalist and a Devastated Land
- Authors: Baines, Gary F
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/450055 , vital:74879 , https://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/hist/v68n1/07.pdf
- Description: In 1986, British journalist Fred Bridgland published the first, and to date the only full-length English language biography of Jonas Savimbi, 1 the leader of UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola). The mammoth volume raised the profile of Savimbi and elevated the guerrilla to a pantheon that included his idol Mao Zedong and his reputed friend, Che Guevera. 2 Apparently unbeknown to Bridgland, Savimbi was already exhibiting the worst excesses of Mao: the elimination of all potential rivals to his ironclad control of the rebel armed group. What Bridgland could not have foreseen was that Savimbi was destined to die in the same undignified manner as Guevera with the reputation that he had helped cultivate in tatters (255).
- Full Text:
- Authors: Baines, Gary F
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/450055 , vital:74879 , https://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/hist/v68n1/07.pdf
- Description: In 1986, British journalist Fred Bridgland published the first, and to date the only full-length English language biography of Jonas Savimbi, 1 the leader of UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola). The mammoth volume raised the profile of Savimbi and elevated the guerrilla to a pantheon that included his idol Mao Zedong and his reputed friend, Che Guevera. 2 Apparently unbeknown to Bridgland, Savimbi was already exhibiting the worst excesses of Mao: the elimination of all potential rivals to his ironclad control of the rebel armed group. What Bridgland could not have foreseen was that Savimbi was destined to die in the same undignified manner as Guevera with the reputation that he had helped cultivate in tatters (255).
- Full Text:
Abortion Services and Reproductive Justice in Rural South Africa
- du Plessis, Ulandi, Macleod, Catriona I
- Authors: du Plessis, Ulandi , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434081 , vital:73030 , ISBN 9781776148738 , https://www.witspress.co.za/page/detail/Abortion-Services-and-Reproductive-Justice-in-Rural-South-Africa/?K=9781776148776
- Description: Despite progressive legislation, abortion service implementa-tion and access in South Africa’s rural areas is challenging and directly affects low-income communities. This book urges an intervention for safe and accessible abortion services that does not compromise costs or confidentiality within a repara-tive reproductive justice framework. South Africa’s progressive abortion legislation was hailed as transformative in terms of reproductive health and rights. Despite this promise, many challenges persist resulting in a lack of services, especially in rural areas where distances and transport costs are a factor.
- Full Text:
- Authors: du Plessis, Ulandi , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434081 , vital:73030 , ISBN 9781776148738 , https://www.witspress.co.za/page/detail/Abortion-Services-and-Reproductive-Justice-in-Rural-South-Africa/?K=9781776148776
- Description: Despite progressive legislation, abortion service implementa-tion and access in South Africa’s rural areas is challenging and directly affects low-income communities. This book urges an intervention for safe and accessible abortion services that does not compromise costs or confidentiality within a repara-tive reproductive justice framework. South Africa’s progressive abortion legislation was hailed as transformative in terms of reproductive health and rights. Despite this promise, many challenges persist resulting in a lack of services, especially in rural areas where distances and transport costs are a factor.
- Full Text:
Activated carbon-decorated polyacrylonitrile fibers and their porphyrin-immobilized composites for removal of methylene blue dye and Ciprofloxacin in water
- Oyim, James, Amuhaya, Edith K, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oyim, James , Amuhaya, Edith K , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/${Handle} , vital:65077 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2023.2183868"
- Description: Photocatalyst adsorbents are an appealing group of materials for environmental applications. Herein, we study a new simple, inexpensive, yet very effective adsorbent photocatalyst based on porphyrin immobilized activated carbon-decorated polyacrylonitrile, InP(PAN/AC), for removal of methylene blue dye and Ciprofloxacin in water under Xe-lamp and sunlight irradiation (the latter for Ciprofloxacin only). Our results shed light on developing the most effective and sustainable adsorbent photocatalysts that can easily be industrialized due to the ease of preparation through electrospinning coupled with the readily available preparation materials. After five cycles, the InP(PAN/AC) maintained high methylene dye removal efficiency and structural integrity. Significantly, we propose the coordinated contribution of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical in the photodegradation process and highlight the importance of such an integrated system with adsorption and photodegradation capabilities for water treatment.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Oyim, James , Amuhaya, Edith K , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/${Handle} , vital:65077 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2023.2183868"
- Description: Photocatalyst adsorbents are an appealing group of materials for environmental applications. Herein, we study a new simple, inexpensive, yet very effective adsorbent photocatalyst based on porphyrin immobilized activated carbon-decorated polyacrylonitrile, InP(PAN/AC), for removal of methylene blue dye and Ciprofloxacin in water under Xe-lamp and sunlight irradiation (the latter for Ciprofloxacin only). Our results shed light on developing the most effective and sustainable adsorbent photocatalysts that can easily be industrialized due to the ease of preparation through electrospinning coupled with the readily available preparation materials. After five cycles, the InP(PAN/AC) maintained high methylene dye removal efficiency and structural integrity. Significantly, we propose the coordinated contribution of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical in the photodegradation process and highlight the importance of such an integrated system with adsorption and photodegradation capabilities for water treatment.
- Full Text:
Addressing global challenges in geographical education: perspectives from the CGE Springer book series
- Wilmot, P Dianne, Brooks, Clare
- Authors: Wilmot, P Dianne , Brooks, Clare
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/482910 , vital:78700 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10382046.2023.2281696
- Description: A key responsibility of academic scholarship is to further develop the field under investigation and to critically evaluate how it is responding to challenges from both inside and outside of the field of enquiry. This article offers an overview of whether the scholarship published in geography education (GE) from the perspective of the Commission for Geography Education (CGE) Springer book series is sufficiently engaging with contemporary global challenges and education discourses. Guided by the 2022 IGU-CGE Rennes Conference’s three axes: curriculum renewal, pedagogy and teacher training, the article discusses the findings of a meta-analysis of the six books published in the CGE Springer series in the past five years (2017 to 2021).The thematic analysis shows that GE is engaging with global realities of environment and sustainability, climate change, globalisation and the importance of powerful knowledge for understanding and engaging with complex, often controversial issues. But there are also gaps and absences in terms of who is producing knowledge and from where knowledge is being generated. We contend that the book series is well placed to support the community in addressing global concerns and the related transformative pedagogies needed to enact them. However, we also suggest that the publications at this point in time have yet to fully grasp the specifics needed for the challenges that lie ahead. Some preliminary considerations for advancing the field through future publications are offered. These may be useful to GE researchers and scholars in different regions of the world.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Wilmot, P Dianne , Brooks, Clare
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/482910 , vital:78700 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10382046.2023.2281696
- Description: A key responsibility of academic scholarship is to further develop the field under investigation and to critically evaluate how it is responding to challenges from both inside and outside of the field of enquiry. This article offers an overview of whether the scholarship published in geography education (GE) from the perspective of the Commission for Geography Education (CGE) Springer book series is sufficiently engaging with contemporary global challenges and education discourses. Guided by the 2022 IGU-CGE Rennes Conference’s three axes: curriculum renewal, pedagogy and teacher training, the article discusses the findings of a meta-analysis of the six books published in the CGE Springer series in the past five years (2017 to 2021).The thematic analysis shows that GE is engaging with global realities of environment and sustainability, climate change, globalisation and the importance of powerful knowledge for understanding and engaging with complex, often controversial issues. But there are also gaps and absences in terms of who is producing knowledge and from where knowledge is being generated. We contend that the book series is well placed to support the community in addressing global concerns and the related transformative pedagogies needed to enact them. However, we also suggest that the publications at this point in time have yet to fully grasp the specifics needed for the challenges that lie ahead. Some preliminary considerations for advancing the field through future publications are offered. These may be useful to GE researchers and scholars in different regions of the world.
- Full Text:
Agent-based model development of a complex socio-ecological system: Methods for overcoming data and domain limitations
- James, C. L, Bradshaw, Karen L
- Authors: James, C. L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440189 , vital:73755 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102224"
- Description: Agent-based models (ABMs) are appropriate tools for modelling socio-ecological systems due to their ability to handle complexity. However, development of such models is often an intensive process. There are many tutorials on the general methods and steps in ABM development but there are not necessarily practical details on how to overcome certain challenges. Honeybush (Cyclopia spp.), a kind of fynbos vegetation found in the Western and Eastern Cape mountains, is an important ecological and agricultural product in South Africa. It is considered a complex system due to its variability and unpredictability. The honeybush tea industry faces the challenge of meeting emerging market demands while maintaining sustainable harvesting practices, in the midst of an uncertain future due to climate change. We created a prototype model, HoneybushModel, using the MARS framework, a C# multi-agent simulation toolkit. The model was validated using historic data. Whilst outlining the development processes used to create the Honeybush Model, this paper provides a methodology for the development of such models and demonstrates techniques for addressing data, domain and framework limitations. The implemented model also acts as a case study for similar systems that could be modelled using an ABM.
- Full Text:
- Authors: James, C. L , Bradshaw, Karen L
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440189 , vital:73755 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102224"
- Description: Agent-based models (ABMs) are appropriate tools for modelling socio-ecological systems due to their ability to handle complexity. However, development of such models is often an intensive process. There are many tutorials on the general methods and steps in ABM development but there are not necessarily practical details on how to overcome certain challenges. Honeybush (Cyclopia spp.), a kind of fynbos vegetation found in the Western and Eastern Cape mountains, is an important ecological and agricultural product in South Africa. It is considered a complex system due to its variability and unpredictability. The honeybush tea industry faces the challenge of meeting emerging market demands while maintaining sustainable harvesting practices, in the midst of an uncertain future due to climate change. We created a prototype model, HoneybushModel, using the MARS framework, a C# multi-agent simulation toolkit. The model was validated using historic data. Whilst outlining the development processes used to create the Honeybush Model, this paper provides a methodology for the development of such models and demonstrates techniques for addressing data, domain and framework limitations. The implemented model also acts as a case study for similar systems that could be modelled using an ABM.
- Full Text:
Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation for Transmission Dynamics and Surveillance of Dengue: Conceptual and Design Model
- Pascoe, Luba, Nyambo, Devotha G, Bradshaw, Karen L, Clemen, Thomas
- Authors: Pascoe, Luba , Nyambo, Devotha G , Bradshaw, Karen L , Clemen, Thomas
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440200 , vital:73756 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1109/AFRICON55910.2023.10293299"
- Description: African countries need to strengthen surveillance and control of arboviral diseases such as dengue due to increased outbreaks and spread of arboviruses. Climatic, socio-environment, and ecological variables influence the spread of dengue fever in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper presents an Agent-Based conceptual and design model for dengue fever developed using the Multi-Agent Research and Simulation (MARS) framework. The study analyzes dengue fever's spatial distribution and identifies the causal relationship between the disease and its climatic and environmental variables. Agent-based modeling (ABM) was used to comprehend the spatial patterns of variation to determine the ecological association between the observed spatio-temporal variations in dengue fever. The domain and design model of an ABM for the surveillance of dengue fever is presented based on the Overview, Design Concepts, and Details (ODD) protocol. Model input parameters and input data for the study area are also presented. The dengue ABM can be adopted and reused for modeling other diseases and other complex problems from different domains while ensuring that their unique characteristics and appropriate modifications are considered to ensure the model's validity and relevance to the new context.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Pascoe, Luba , Nyambo, Devotha G , Bradshaw, Karen L , Clemen, Thomas
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440200 , vital:73756 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1109/AFRICON55910.2023.10293299"
- Description: African countries need to strengthen surveillance and control of arboviral diseases such as dengue due to increased outbreaks and spread of arboviruses. Climatic, socio-environment, and ecological variables influence the spread of dengue fever in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper presents an Agent-Based conceptual and design model for dengue fever developed using the Multi-Agent Research and Simulation (MARS) framework. The study analyzes dengue fever's spatial distribution and identifies the causal relationship between the disease and its climatic and environmental variables. Agent-based modeling (ABM) was used to comprehend the spatial patterns of variation to determine the ecological association between the observed spatio-temporal variations in dengue fever. The domain and design model of an ABM for the surveillance of dengue fever is presented based on the Overview, Design Concepts, and Details (ODD) protocol. Model input parameters and input data for the study area are also presented. The dengue ABM can be adopted and reused for modeling other diseases and other complex problems from different domains while ensuring that their unique characteristics and appropriate modifications are considered to ensure the model's validity and relevance to the new context.
- Full Text:
Agricultural disturbance affects taxonomic and functional diversity of Afrotropical macroinvertebrate composition in a South African river system
- Akamagwuna, Frank C, Odume, Oghenekaro N, Richoux, Nicole B
- Authors: Akamagwuna, Frank C , Odume, Oghenekaro N , Richoux, Nicole B
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/454293 , vital:75333 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2023.100251"
- Description: Developing species-level biomonitoring tools to monitor riverine systems threatened by anthropogenic pollution, including local agricultural activities in the Afrotropical region, remain a critical challenge. Here we explored the utility of taxonomic-based (diversity, richness, and composition) as well as functional-based (functional diversity) indices to examine the effects of agricultural disturbance on macroinvertebrate communities in the Kat River, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. We collected physicochemical parameters and macroinvertebrates from eight sites delineated into four land-use categories (highly impacted, HIC; impacted category, IC; moderately impacted, MIC and least impacted, LIC) using agricultural land cover. We recorded 70 macroinvertebrate taxa belonging to 49 families and 48 genera in the Kat River. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson correlation analysis revealed that species of Lymnaeidae, Belostomatidae, Planorbidae and Libellulidae families and class Oligochaeta were tolerant to agricultural disturbance, as they were dominant in the highly impacted sites and were significantly associated with high salinity, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), flow velocity and nutrients. Conversely, species of Baetidae, Caenidae and Potamonautidae were negatively associated with the highly impacted sites and high salinity, temperature, and nutrients. On the other hand, taxonomic indices showed more sensitivity to indicators of agricultural pollution than functional indices, with taxon richness, Shannon index, Simpson's index and Margalef's index declining significantly in the highly disturbed sites (p less than 0.05). They were negatively associated with high electrical conductivity, large river width, and high nitrite and nitrate concentrations; hence they were identified as indicator metrics sensitive to agricultural pollution. Overall, our study revealed that agricultural disturbance could differentially affect the structure and function of macroinvertebrates, and indicator taxonomic and functional indices were identified for long-term monitoring of rivers that drain agricultural landscapes.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Akamagwuna, Frank C , Odume, Oghenekaro N , Richoux, Nicole B
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/454293 , vital:75333 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2023.100251"
- Description: Developing species-level biomonitoring tools to monitor riverine systems threatened by anthropogenic pollution, including local agricultural activities in the Afrotropical region, remain a critical challenge. Here we explored the utility of taxonomic-based (diversity, richness, and composition) as well as functional-based (functional diversity) indices to examine the effects of agricultural disturbance on macroinvertebrate communities in the Kat River, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. We collected physicochemical parameters and macroinvertebrates from eight sites delineated into four land-use categories (highly impacted, HIC; impacted category, IC; moderately impacted, MIC and least impacted, LIC) using agricultural land cover. We recorded 70 macroinvertebrate taxa belonging to 49 families and 48 genera in the Kat River. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson correlation analysis revealed that species of Lymnaeidae, Belostomatidae, Planorbidae and Libellulidae families and class Oligochaeta were tolerant to agricultural disturbance, as they were dominant in the highly impacted sites and were significantly associated with high salinity, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), flow velocity and nutrients. Conversely, species of Baetidae, Caenidae and Potamonautidae were negatively associated with the highly impacted sites and high salinity, temperature, and nutrients. On the other hand, taxonomic indices showed more sensitivity to indicators of agricultural pollution than functional indices, with taxon richness, Shannon index, Simpson's index and Margalef's index declining significantly in the highly disturbed sites (p less than 0.05). They were negatively associated with high electrical conductivity, large river width, and high nitrite and nitrate concentrations; hence they were identified as indicator metrics sensitive to agricultural pollution. Overall, our study revealed that agricultural disturbance could differentially affect the structure and function of macroinvertebrates, and indicator taxonomic and functional indices were identified for long-term monitoring of rivers that drain agricultural landscapes.
- Full Text:
AI amplifies the tough question: What is higher education really for?
- Authors: Kramm, Neil , McKenna, Sioux
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/482876 , vital:78697 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2023.2263839
- Description: The dominant response within higher education to the emergence of free online text- and graphic-generating software has been a concern with identifying AI usage in students’ work. We argue that this is both a waste of time and neglects our educational responsibilities. A police-catch-punish approach to AI, as with the use of this process in relation to plagiarism, ignores the broader purposes of higher education. If higher education is understood as being a space for nurturing transformative relationships with knowledge, AI can be harnessed to enhance learning experiences. Such an approach would also enable a critical understanding of the limitations and ethical deliberations around AI usage. Those critical academics who emphasise transformative learning over surveillance-driven approaches are likely to foster more meaningful higher education experiences.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kramm, Neil , McKenna, Sioux
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/482876 , vital:78697 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2023.2263839
- Description: The dominant response within higher education to the emergence of free online text- and graphic-generating software has been a concern with identifying AI usage in students’ work. We argue that this is both a waste of time and neglects our educational responsibilities. A police-catch-punish approach to AI, as with the use of this process in relation to plagiarism, ignores the broader purposes of higher education. If higher education is understood as being a space for nurturing transformative relationships with knowledge, AI can be harnessed to enhance learning experiences. Such an approach would also enable a critical understanding of the limitations and ethical deliberations around AI usage. Those critical academics who emphasise transformative learning over surveillance-driven approaches are likely to foster more meaningful higher education experiences.
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An Automated System for Detecting and Preventing Phishing Attempts on Steam Accounts
- Sonne, Kabir, Chindipha, Stones D
- Authors: Sonne, Kabir , Chindipha, Stones D
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473729 , vital:77676 , xlink:href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10389578"
- Description: In recent years Steam has become a giant in the gaming industry. The Valve-owned digital distribution platform held an estimated 75% of market share in 2013, and continues to grow. However, with such a large user base comes the ever-increasing threat of security breaches in both the Steam database and individual Steam user accounts. While Steam does make use of a mobile authentication app, users are still susceptible to malware and/or phishing attempts that can cause users to lose access to their accounts through manipulation or gaining access to recovery email accounts. This project aims to investigate how the authentication process can be improved or if a solution can be created to help prevent the worst-case scenario when users become victims of phishing attacks.
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- Authors: Sonne, Kabir , Chindipha, Stones D
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/473729 , vital:77676 , xlink:href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10389578"
- Description: In recent years Steam has become a giant in the gaming industry. The Valve-owned digital distribution platform held an estimated 75% of market share in 2013, and continues to grow. However, with such a large user base comes the ever-increasing threat of security breaches in both the Steam database and individual Steam user accounts. While Steam does make use of a mobile authentication app, users are still susceptible to malware and/or phishing attempts that can cause users to lose access to their accounts through manipulation or gaining access to recovery email accounts. This project aims to investigate how the authentication process can be improved or if a solution can be created to help prevent the worst-case scenario when users become victims of phishing attacks.
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An Evaluation of Machine Learning Methods for Classifying Bot Traffic in Software Defined Networks
- Van Staden, Joshua, Brown, Dane L
- Authors: Van Staden, Joshua , Brown, Dane L
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463357 , vital:76402 , xlink:href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-19-7874-6_72"
- Description: Internet security is an ever-expanding field. Cyber-attacks occur very frequently, and so detecting them is an important aspect of preserving services. Machine learning offers a helpful tool with which to detect cyber attacks. However, it is impossible to deploy a machine-learning algorithm to detect attacks in a non-centralized network. Software Defined Networks (SDNs) offer a centralized view of a network, allowing machine learning algorithms to detect malicious activity within a network. The InSDN dataset is a recently-released dataset that contains a set of sniffed packets within a virtual SDN. These sniffed packets correspond to various attacks, including DDoS attacks, Probing and Password-Guessing, among others. This study aims to evaluate various machine learning models against this new dataset. Specifically, we aim to evaluate their classification ability and runtimes when trained on fewer features. The machine learning models tested include a Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Multilayer Perceptron, Logistic Regression, and K-Nearest Neighbours. Cluster-based algorithms such as the K-Nearest Neighbour and Random Forest proved to be the best performers. Linear-based algorithms such as the Multilayer Perceptron performed the worst. This suggests a good level of clustering in the top few features with little space for linear separability. The reduction of features significantly reduced training time, particularly in the better-performing models.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Van Staden, Joshua , Brown, Dane L
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/463357 , vital:76402 , xlink:href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-19-7874-6_72"
- Description: Internet security is an ever-expanding field. Cyber-attacks occur very frequently, and so detecting them is an important aspect of preserving services. Machine learning offers a helpful tool with which to detect cyber attacks. However, it is impossible to deploy a machine-learning algorithm to detect attacks in a non-centralized network. Software Defined Networks (SDNs) offer a centralized view of a network, allowing machine learning algorithms to detect malicious activity within a network. The InSDN dataset is a recently-released dataset that contains a set of sniffed packets within a virtual SDN. These sniffed packets correspond to various attacks, including DDoS attacks, Probing and Password-Guessing, among others. This study aims to evaluate various machine learning models against this new dataset. Specifically, we aim to evaluate their classification ability and runtimes when trained on fewer features. The machine learning models tested include a Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Multilayer Perceptron, Logistic Regression, and K-Nearest Neighbours. Cluster-based algorithms such as the K-Nearest Neighbour and Random Forest proved to be the best performers. Linear-based algorithms such as the Multilayer Perceptron performed the worst. This suggests a good level of clustering in the top few features with little space for linear separability. The reduction of features significantly reduced training time, particularly in the better-performing models.
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An Exploration of Flow Control Using Machine Learning and Computational Fluid Dynamics
- Bradshaw, Karen L, Cornfield Matthew
- Authors: Bradshaw, Karen L , Cornfield Matthew
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440211 , vital:73757 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.59200/ICARTI.2023.017"
- Description: Although numerous studies relating to computational fluid dynamics and machine learning have been conducted in relation to automotive development, the majority focus on either early development using completed 3D models, or the final testing stages of development, or machine learning accelerated computational fluid dynamic simulations. While this approach is helpful in software development and simulation, it is not easily adaptable to automotive design where the final model is constantly changing and being modified. Consequently, the aim of this study is to propose a method for conducting computational fluid dynamics and machine learning concurrently to accelerate the development process. The proposed method is used to design and improve the aerodynamic efficiency of an object. The approach focuses on developing, implementing, and comparing machine learning models capable of generating optimised three-dimensional objects with the required geometry to direct airflow paths required in applications such as pressure generation, as needed for both active and passive flow control. The study concludes that both decision tree regression and long short-term memory (LSTM) autoencoder models could be used to optimise the aerodynamic efficiency of solid bodies, but that the LSTM autoencoder performs better overall. An undesirable effect of the shape optimisation is an overall reduction in shape size as optimization increases.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bradshaw, Karen L , Cornfield Matthew
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440211 , vital:73757 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.59200/ICARTI.2023.017"
- Description: Although numerous studies relating to computational fluid dynamics and machine learning have been conducted in relation to automotive development, the majority focus on either early development using completed 3D models, or the final testing stages of development, or machine learning accelerated computational fluid dynamic simulations. While this approach is helpful in software development and simulation, it is not easily adaptable to automotive design where the final model is constantly changing and being modified. Consequently, the aim of this study is to propose a method for conducting computational fluid dynamics and machine learning concurrently to accelerate the development process. The proposed method is used to design and improve the aerodynamic efficiency of an object. The approach focuses on developing, implementing, and comparing machine learning models capable of generating optimised three-dimensional objects with the required geometry to direct airflow paths required in applications such as pressure generation, as needed for both active and passive flow control. The study concludes that both decision tree regression and long short-term memory (LSTM) autoencoder models could be used to optimise the aerodynamic efficiency of solid bodies, but that the LSTM autoencoder performs better overall. An undesirable effect of the shape optimisation is an overall reduction in shape size as optimization increases.
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Analysis of South African Media Coverage of the 2022 KZN Floods
- Aiseng, Kealeboga, Gamede, S
- Authors: Aiseng, Kealeboga , Gamede, S
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/455411 , vital:75428 , ISBN , https://tiikmpublishing.com/proceedings/index.php/msdc/article/view/1117
- Description: Literature exists that studies media coverage of natural disasters. The media has the potential to influence how governments react to disasters, how emergency services handle disasters, and how people receive and react to the news of disasters. However, the media sometimes sensationalizes the news about the disasters and focus on other manifestations such as panic, looting, shock, emerging heroes and villains, human conflict, and suffering. This study aims to analyze the media coverage of the 2022 floods in the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) in South Africa. In particular, the study seeks to evaluate if there was media coverage of the floods and what the contents of the coverage were. The study used content analysis to examine the presence of KZN floods from three selected online newspapers, focusing on whether the floods were covered, and which issues or themes dominated the reporting of the floods. The aim here was to examine the role that the media played during this disaster in South Africa. Content analysis was used to note the number of stories covered during the KZN floods in the media, the key themes that dominated the coverage of the floods and factors that influenced the media coverage of the floods. The selected online newspapers are News24, Independent Online (IOL) and TimesLive. These newspapers were purposively selected because of their wider national readership, the ideology of the newspaper, strong online presence, and type/style of reporting. Based on the above-presented data, we argue that there was sufficient coverage of the KZN floods in South African media. The study also discovered that the following issues or stories dominated the reporting/coverage of floods: disaster management, casualties, relief measures, the role of the government, business interests, the role of opposition parties, destruction of infrastructure, and effects on social life.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Aiseng, Kealeboga , Gamede, S
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/455411 , vital:75428 , ISBN , https://tiikmpublishing.com/proceedings/index.php/msdc/article/view/1117
- Description: Literature exists that studies media coverage of natural disasters. The media has the potential to influence how governments react to disasters, how emergency services handle disasters, and how people receive and react to the news of disasters. However, the media sometimes sensationalizes the news about the disasters and focus on other manifestations such as panic, looting, shock, emerging heroes and villains, human conflict, and suffering. This study aims to analyze the media coverage of the 2022 floods in the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) in South Africa. In particular, the study seeks to evaluate if there was media coverage of the floods and what the contents of the coverage were. The study used content analysis to examine the presence of KZN floods from three selected online newspapers, focusing on whether the floods were covered, and which issues or themes dominated the reporting of the floods. The aim here was to examine the role that the media played during this disaster in South Africa. Content analysis was used to note the number of stories covered during the KZN floods in the media, the key themes that dominated the coverage of the floods and factors that influenced the media coverage of the floods. The selected online newspapers are News24, Independent Online (IOL) and TimesLive. These newspapers were purposively selected because of their wider national readership, the ideology of the newspaper, strong online presence, and type/style of reporting. Based on the above-presented data, we argue that there was sufficient coverage of the KZN floods in South African media. The study also discovered that the following issues or stories dominated the reporting/coverage of floods: disaster management, casualties, relief measures, the role of the government, business interests, the role of opposition parties, destruction of infrastructure, and effects on social life.
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Antiviral Mechanisms of N-Phenyl Benzamides on Coxsackie Virus A9
- Laajala, Mira, Kalander, Kerttu, Consalvi, Sara, Sheik Amamuddy, Olivier, Tastan Bishop, Özlem, Biava, Mariangela, Poce, Giovanna, Marjomäki, Varpu
- Authors: Laajala, Mira , Kalander, Kerttu , Consalvi, Sara , Sheik Amamuddy, Olivier , Tastan Bishop, Özlem , Biava, Mariangela , Poce, Giovanna , Marjomäki, Varpu
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/474448 , vital:77708 , https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15031028
- Description: Enteroviruses are one of the most abundant groups of viruses infecting humans, and yet there are no approved antivirals against them. To find effective antiviral compounds against enterovirus B group viruses, an in-house chemical library was screened. The most effective compounds against Coxsackieviruses B3 (CVB3) and A9 (CVA9) were CL212 and CL213, two N-phenyl benzamides. Both compounds were more effective against CVA9 and CL213 gave a better EC50 value of 1 µM with high a specificity index of 140. Both drugs were most effective when incubated directly with viruses suggesting that they mainly bound to the virions. A real-time uncoating assay showed that the compounds stabilized the virions and radioactive sucrose gradient as well as TEM confirmed that the viruses stayed intact. A docking assay, taking into account larger areas around the 2-and 3-fold axes of CVA9 and CVB3, suggested that the hydrophobic pocket gives the strongest binding to CVA9 but revealed another binding site around the 3-fold axis which could contribute to the binding of the compounds. Together, our data support a direct antiviral mechanism against the virus capsid and suggest that the compounds bind to the hydrophobic pocket and 3-fold axis area resulting in the stabilization of the virion
- Full Text:
- Authors: Laajala, Mira , Kalander, Kerttu , Consalvi, Sara , Sheik Amamuddy, Olivier , Tastan Bishop, Özlem , Biava, Mariangela , Poce, Giovanna , Marjomäki, Varpu
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/474448 , vital:77708 , https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15031028
- Description: Enteroviruses are one of the most abundant groups of viruses infecting humans, and yet there are no approved antivirals against them. To find effective antiviral compounds against enterovirus B group viruses, an in-house chemical library was screened. The most effective compounds against Coxsackieviruses B3 (CVB3) and A9 (CVA9) were CL212 and CL213, two N-phenyl benzamides. Both compounds were more effective against CVA9 and CL213 gave a better EC50 value of 1 µM with high a specificity index of 140. Both drugs were most effective when incubated directly with viruses suggesting that they mainly bound to the virions. A real-time uncoating assay showed that the compounds stabilized the virions and radioactive sucrose gradient as well as TEM confirmed that the viruses stayed intact. A docking assay, taking into account larger areas around the 2-and 3-fold axes of CVA9 and CVB3, suggested that the hydrophobic pocket gives the strongest binding to CVA9 but revealed another binding site around the 3-fold axis which could contribute to the binding of the compounds. Together, our data support a direct antiviral mechanism against the virus capsid and suggest that the compounds bind to the hydrophobic pocket and 3-fold axis area resulting in the stabilization of the virion
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Anton Reichenow and the birds of Africa
- Authors: Craig, Adrian J F K
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/448786 , vital:74760 , https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2023.2263165
- Description: The first handbook of the birds of Africa was completed in 1905 by Anton Reichenow (1847–1941). Based in the Berlin museum for almost 50 years, he described 152 African taxa that are still recognised as valid species today, and was considered by his contemporaries as a key figure in the development of African ornithology.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Craig, Adrian J F K
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/448786 , vital:74760 , https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2023.2263165
- Description: The first handbook of the birds of Africa was completed in 1905 by Anton Reichenow (1847–1941). Based in the Berlin museum for almost 50 years, he described 152 African taxa that are still recognised as valid species today, and was considered by his contemporaries as a key figure in the development of African ornithology.
- Full Text: