Social criteria in the drama of Molìère
- Authors: Brooks, Beverley Anne
- Date: 1974
- Subjects: Molière, 1622-1673 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3627 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009758
- Description: It is by no means an easy task to analyse and interpret the work of a dramatist such as Molière, for an interval of three hundred years inevitably blurs our perspective of the man and his intentions. We find ourselves unconsciously reading more into his lines than he possibly meant us to. We are tempted to attach significance to certain words and disregard others, in an arbitrary fashion. We try to reconstruct Molière's attitude towards his contemporaries and theirs to him, from evidence that is often flimsy and seldom reliable. Molière's very identity has been questioned to the extent that the authorship of his plays has been variously attributed to such different personalities as Louis XIV and the great Corneilleo. To these problems is added a further complication when one embarks upon a thesis dealing with the picture of society as it emerges from Molière's plays. Not only are we confronted with the difficulty of interpretation already mentioned, but also with the vastly different way in which pre-enlightenment man regarded social and political institutions. We of the twentieth century tend to take for granted the notions of liberty, fraternity, and equality. Had anyone formulated such ideas in the seventeenth century, it is doubtful whether they would have been accepted, since they contradict the very concept upon which society was based in the age of Louis XIV. This concept, broadly speaking, is that of a strict hierarchy in which everyone has his own appointed place. Obviously the notion of a hierarchy pre-supposes the inferiority of some and the superiority of others in the social structure of the day; and post-enlightenment thinking does not readily accept that some men should be privileged and others regarded as belonging naturally to the lower orders. Intro., p. 1-2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1974
- Authors: Brooks, Beverley Anne
- Date: 1974
- Subjects: Molière, 1622-1673 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3627 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009758
- Description: It is by no means an easy task to analyse and interpret the work of a dramatist such as Molière, for an interval of three hundred years inevitably blurs our perspective of the man and his intentions. We find ourselves unconsciously reading more into his lines than he possibly meant us to. We are tempted to attach significance to certain words and disregard others, in an arbitrary fashion. We try to reconstruct Molière's attitude towards his contemporaries and theirs to him, from evidence that is often flimsy and seldom reliable. Molière's very identity has been questioned to the extent that the authorship of his plays has been variously attributed to such different personalities as Louis XIV and the great Corneilleo. To these problems is added a further complication when one embarks upon a thesis dealing with the picture of society as it emerges from Molière's plays. Not only are we confronted with the difficulty of interpretation already mentioned, but also with the vastly different way in which pre-enlightenment man regarded social and political institutions. We of the twentieth century tend to take for granted the notions of liberty, fraternity, and equality. Had anyone formulated such ideas in the seventeenth century, it is doubtful whether they would have been accepted, since they contradict the very concept upon which society was based in the age of Louis XIV. This concept, broadly speaking, is that of a strict hierarchy in which everyone has his own appointed place. Obviously the notion of a hierarchy pre-supposes the inferiority of some and the superiority of others in the social structure of the day; and post-enlightenment thinking does not readily accept that some men should be privileged and others regarded as belonging naturally to the lower orders. Intro., p. 1-2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1974
Some adaptations of myrmeleontid (Neuroptera) and rhagionid (Diptera) larvae to life in hot dry sand
- Authors: Youthed, Gayle Jean
- Date: 1974
- Subjects: Ant lions Rhagionidae
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5818 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007228
- Description: From Introduction: Larvae of the families Myrmeleontidae, Neuroptera, (ant-lions) and Rhagionidae, Diptera, (worm-lions) all live in hot dry sand. Many of the ant-lion larvae and all the worm-lion larvae, construct small conical pits in the sand which are used for the capture of prey (Haub, 1942; Youthed and Horan, 1969a). Those ant-lion larvae which do not construct pits lie in wait for their prey just below the surface of the sand.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1974
Some adaptations of myrmeleontid (Neuroptera) and rhagionid (Diptera) larvae to life in hot dry sand
- Authors: Youthed, Gayle Jean
- Date: 1974
- Subjects: Ant lions Rhagionidae
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5818 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007228
- Description: From Introduction: Larvae of the families Myrmeleontidae, Neuroptera, (ant-lions) and Rhagionidae, Diptera, (worm-lions) all live in hot dry sand. Many of the ant-lion larvae and all the worm-lion larvae, construct small conical pits in the sand which are used for the capture of prey (Haub, 1942; Youthed and Horan, 1969a). Those ant-lion larvae which do not construct pits lie in wait for their prey just below the surface of the sand.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1974
The council of advice at the Cape of Good Hope, 1825-1834: a study in colonial government
- Authors: Donaldson, Margaret E
- Date: 1974
- Subjects: South Africa -- History -- To 1836 Great Britain -- Colonies -- Administration Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1795-1872
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2603 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011220
- Description: The Council of Advice first emerged as a constitutional device for colonial rule in colonies captured by Britain during the wars against France between 1793 and 1814. The search for some new form of government for colonies of conquest had been necessitated by the difficulty generally experienced in assimilating formerly foreign colonies into the traditional British pattern of representation. Experience in Quebec between 1764 and 1791 had led to the gradual recognition of conciliar government as a workable substitute to bridge the gap between military rule and the grant of representative institutions. Between 1794 when a Council of Advice was first introduced in the island of San Domingo, and 1825, when the Cape of Good Hope was granted a council of this type, the composition, function and scope of such councils was gradually defined and elaborated. There was a continual interplay of precedent and example from one colony to another, facilitated by the growth of the Colonial Office in London during the early decades of the 19th Century. Councils of Advice were also introduced into some a-typical colonies of settlement, notably New South Wales, where the particular circumstances of the colony gave rise to the further development of the conciliar pattern of government, influenced by the practical experience in Quebec prior to 1791. Thus the Council of Advice at the Cape of Good Hope from 1825-1834 was but one example of an instrument of government which was being widely used in the British empire, and which was still developing in form and function during the period under consideration. The Council of Advice at the Cape reflects this fluidity. The composition of the council was altered on several occasions during the nine years of its existence; the degree of independence allowed to council members was a question which arose on several occasions, especially in relation to discussion of policy decisions taken in London; moreover, the council met at the discretion of the governor and four different men held this office during the period 1825-34, each with his own individual idea of the function and value of a council of advice. Preface, p. 1-2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1974
- Authors: Donaldson, Margaret E
- Date: 1974
- Subjects: South Africa -- History -- To 1836 Great Britain -- Colonies -- Administration Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1795-1872
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2603 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011220
- Description: The Council of Advice first emerged as a constitutional device for colonial rule in colonies captured by Britain during the wars against France between 1793 and 1814. The search for some new form of government for colonies of conquest had been necessitated by the difficulty generally experienced in assimilating formerly foreign colonies into the traditional British pattern of representation. Experience in Quebec between 1764 and 1791 had led to the gradual recognition of conciliar government as a workable substitute to bridge the gap between military rule and the grant of representative institutions. Between 1794 when a Council of Advice was first introduced in the island of San Domingo, and 1825, when the Cape of Good Hope was granted a council of this type, the composition, function and scope of such councils was gradually defined and elaborated. There was a continual interplay of precedent and example from one colony to another, facilitated by the growth of the Colonial Office in London during the early decades of the 19th Century. Councils of Advice were also introduced into some a-typical colonies of settlement, notably New South Wales, where the particular circumstances of the colony gave rise to the further development of the conciliar pattern of government, influenced by the practical experience in Quebec prior to 1791. Thus the Council of Advice at the Cape of Good Hope from 1825-1834 was but one example of an instrument of government which was being widely used in the British empire, and which was still developing in form and function during the period under consideration. The Council of Advice at the Cape reflects this fluidity. The composition of the council was altered on several occasions during the nine years of its existence; the degree of independence allowed to council members was a question which arose on several occasions, especially in relation to discussion of policy decisions taken in London; moreover, the council met at the discretion of the governor and four different men held this office during the period 1825-34, each with his own individual idea of the function and value of a council of advice. Preface, p. 1-2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1974
The ecology of juvenile Rhabdosargus holubi (Steinachner) (Teleostei : Sparidae)
- Authors: Blaber, Stephen J M
- Date: 1974
- Subjects: Osteichthyes Fishes -- Breeding Fish populations Fish culture -- South Africa Estuaries -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Aquatic ecology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5672 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005357
- Description: INTRODUCTION: Estuaries have received considerable attention from biologists in southern Africa in the past thirty years. Professor J.H. Day and the Zoology Department of the University of Cape Town have undertaken ecological surveys of a large number of estuaries of a variety of types, laying the important groundwork for more detailed studies of single species or problems. Their studies showed that the fish populations of southern African estuaries consist mainly of marine species. Why and when these species enter or leave the estuaries and whether they grow or breed in them were not established. The only relatively detailed study of a fish in southern African estuaries was that of Talbot (1955) who investigated aspects of the growth, feeding and reproduction of Rhabdosargus globiceps (Cuvier). No quantitative information has been published on any of the fish species, perhaps due to the difficulty of obtaining such data; results such as population estimates, mortality rates and growth rates are particularly unreliable when the area being investigated is in direct contact with the sea. Studies relating to even a single species of fish are hampered by immigration and emigration between estuary and sea, which make the population continuously variable. The larger estuaries are also difficult to sample adequately, especially with regard to netting, except perhaps on a very large scale using expensive commercial equipment. Along the southern African coast many of the smaller estuaries with a limited catchment area are cut off from the sea for most of the year due to erratic rainfall and longshore drift of sand. These closed or 'blind' estuaries of south eastern Africa, of which there are at least thirty in the eastern Cape Province, provide excellent areas for studying estuarine fish populations which enter when the estuary is open to the sea, but become isolated once it closes. These fish which become cut off in closed estuaries are subject to a new series of conditions. They are exposed to the wider temperature and salinity fluctuations of an estuary and they are forced to utilise the food resources of the estuary. Additionally they may be subjected to predation from piscivorous birds, and those predatory fish which are also cut off in the estuary. These factors will affect the size, mortality, and growth rates of a fish population. Since the fish are isolated no recruitment from the sea can take place, and any increase in numbers would have to come from breeding within the estuary. It is inevitable that the most numerous species should receive attention first. Rhabdosargus holubi (Steindachner) (Synonomy : Sargus holubi Stndr, Austrosparus tricuspidens Smith, Rhabdosargus tricuspidens (Smith))(Plate 1) is one of the most abundant fish in the estuaries of the eastern Cape Province. According to Smith (1965) it is endemic to southern Africa, occurring from the Cape to Zululand, being most common between Mossel Bay and East London. It is largely replaced by Rhabdosargus sarba (Forskal) in the north of its range and by Rhabdosargus globiceps (Cuvier) in the south. Commonly called the 'flatty' or silver bream it is considered only as being of nuisance value by fishermen, seldom exceeding 30 cm in length. In this study the ecology of R.holubi was examined in relation to the closed West Kleinemond estuary which is a small 'blind' estuary typical of those found along the eastern Cape coast. The growth, mortality and population size of R.holubi in this estuary were investigated and linked where possible with predation and detailed studies into the tolerances, food, and feeding of the species. It was not known at the commencement of the study whether breeding could occur in estuaries, although Smith (1965) stated that R.holubi does breed in estuaries. During the course of the sampling programme in the West Kleinemond estuary, measurements of the growth and population structure of two other species of fish were recorded for comparison with R.holubi: the sparid Lithognathus lithognathus (Cuvier) (White Steenbras) and the piscivorous carangid Hypacanthas amia (L.) (Leervis or garrick). Laboratory studies on R.holubi were possible due to the fact that large numbers of this species could be caught in eastern Cape estuaries and transported to Grahamstown, where they could be maintained in captivity for up to four months in recirculating seawater aquaria. During the course of the study over 2000 fish were kept in captivity at different times for a variety of experiments. Another 2500 were preserved for gut analyses and lipid determinations, while over 5000 were captured, examined and released in the field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1974
- Authors: Blaber, Stephen J M
- Date: 1974
- Subjects: Osteichthyes Fishes -- Breeding Fish populations Fish culture -- South Africa Estuaries -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Aquatic ecology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5672 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005357
- Description: INTRODUCTION: Estuaries have received considerable attention from biologists in southern Africa in the past thirty years. Professor J.H. Day and the Zoology Department of the University of Cape Town have undertaken ecological surveys of a large number of estuaries of a variety of types, laying the important groundwork for more detailed studies of single species or problems. Their studies showed that the fish populations of southern African estuaries consist mainly of marine species. Why and when these species enter or leave the estuaries and whether they grow or breed in them were not established. The only relatively detailed study of a fish in southern African estuaries was that of Talbot (1955) who investigated aspects of the growth, feeding and reproduction of Rhabdosargus globiceps (Cuvier). No quantitative information has been published on any of the fish species, perhaps due to the difficulty of obtaining such data; results such as population estimates, mortality rates and growth rates are particularly unreliable when the area being investigated is in direct contact with the sea. Studies relating to even a single species of fish are hampered by immigration and emigration between estuary and sea, which make the population continuously variable. The larger estuaries are also difficult to sample adequately, especially with regard to netting, except perhaps on a very large scale using expensive commercial equipment. Along the southern African coast many of the smaller estuaries with a limited catchment area are cut off from the sea for most of the year due to erratic rainfall and longshore drift of sand. These closed or 'blind' estuaries of south eastern Africa, of which there are at least thirty in the eastern Cape Province, provide excellent areas for studying estuarine fish populations which enter when the estuary is open to the sea, but become isolated once it closes. These fish which become cut off in closed estuaries are subject to a new series of conditions. They are exposed to the wider temperature and salinity fluctuations of an estuary and they are forced to utilise the food resources of the estuary. Additionally they may be subjected to predation from piscivorous birds, and those predatory fish which are also cut off in the estuary. These factors will affect the size, mortality, and growth rates of a fish population. Since the fish are isolated no recruitment from the sea can take place, and any increase in numbers would have to come from breeding within the estuary. It is inevitable that the most numerous species should receive attention first. Rhabdosargus holubi (Steindachner) (Synonomy : Sargus holubi Stndr, Austrosparus tricuspidens Smith, Rhabdosargus tricuspidens (Smith))(Plate 1) is one of the most abundant fish in the estuaries of the eastern Cape Province. According to Smith (1965) it is endemic to southern Africa, occurring from the Cape to Zululand, being most common between Mossel Bay and East London. It is largely replaced by Rhabdosargus sarba (Forskal) in the north of its range and by Rhabdosargus globiceps (Cuvier) in the south. Commonly called the 'flatty' or silver bream it is considered only as being of nuisance value by fishermen, seldom exceeding 30 cm in length. In this study the ecology of R.holubi was examined in relation to the closed West Kleinemond estuary which is a small 'blind' estuary typical of those found along the eastern Cape coast. The growth, mortality and population size of R.holubi in this estuary were investigated and linked where possible with predation and detailed studies into the tolerances, food, and feeding of the species. It was not known at the commencement of the study whether breeding could occur in estuaries, although Smith (1965) stated that R.holubi does breed in estuaries. During the course of the sampling programme in the West Kleinemond estuary, measurements of the growth and population structure of two other species of fish were recorded for comparison with R.holubi: the sparid Lithognathus lithognathus (Cuvier) (White Steenbras) and the piscivorous carangid Hypacanthas amia (L.) (Leervis or garrick). Laboratory studies on R.holubi were possible due to the fact that large numbers of this species could be caught in eastern Cape estuaries and transported to Grahamstown, where they could be maintained in captivity for up to four months in recirculating seawater aquaria. During the course of the study over 2000 fish were kept in captivity at different times for a variety of experiments. Another 2500 were preserved for gut analyses and lipid determinations, while over 5000 were captured, examined and released in the field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1974
"The isolation and estimation of low molecular weight N-nitrosamines in biological materials"
- Authors: Du Plessis, Leo Stephen
- Date: 1973
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:21176 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6750
- Description: Summary: Low molecular weight N-nitrosamines were detected by ultraviolet, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectral, thin-layer chromatographic and gas liquid chromatographic means. A method for the estimation of dimethylnitrosamine, diethylnitrosamine, ethal-n-propylnitrosamine and di-n-propylnitrosamine has been developed. The method involves the isolation of the nitrosamines in an aqueous distillate by freeze-drying. After extraction of the nitrosamines from the aqueous distillate by means of dichloromethane, their separation and quantitative estimation are achieved by gas liquid chromatography of the extract. The procedure can be extended down to the ppb range. Dimethylnitrosamine was isolated from an extract of Solanum incanum and identified by gas liquid chromatography on four different columns, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
- Authors: Du Plessis, Leo Stephen
- Date: 1973
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:21176 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6750
- Description: Summary: Low molecular weight N-nitrosamines were detected by ultraviolet, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectral, thin-layer chromatographic and gas liquid chromatographic means. A method for the estimation of dimethylnitrosamine, diethylnitrosamine, ethal-n-propylnitrosamine and di-n-propylnitrosamine has been developed. The method involves the isolation of the nitrosamines in an aqueous distillate by freeze-drying. After extraction of the nitrosamines from the aqueous distillate by means of dichloromethane, their separation and quantitative estimation are achieved by gas liquid chromatography of the extract. The procedure can be extended down to the ppb range. Dimethylnitrosamine was isolated from an extract of Solanum incanum and identified by gas liquid chromatography on four different columns, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
A physico-chemical investigation of refractory hard metals
- Authors: Philip, Hamish Ian
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Refractory materials Heat resistant alloys
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4441 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007630
- Description: In this investigation, the resistivity of vanadium nitride at elevated temperatures has been measured using a resistance bridge based on the Dauphinée/Mooser (1955) chopper system. In general, an almost linear increase of resistivity with temperature was observed for VN, but at certain temperatures, deviations from linearity (anomalies) were observed, these have been classified into three types. Attempts have been made to correlate the anomalous behaviour and temperature coefficients of resistivity with the ambient atmospheres and with the impurities, (especially oxygen), stoichiotmetry and density of this material. Oxygen and excess nitrogen appear to be electron donors in their effects on VN and result in a decrease in the slope of resistivity vs temperature curves. Oxygen and excess nitrogen also appear to increase the overall resistivity due to an increase in defect concentration. No effects due to the ambient atmosphere have been observed in the case of hot-pressed samples. lndicating that reaction can only occur if the reacting gases can reach the interior of the samples.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
- Authors: Philip, Hamish Ian
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Refractory materials Heat resistant alloys
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4441 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007630
- Description: In this investigation, the resistivity of vanadium nitride at elevated temperatures has been measured using a resistance bridge based on the Dauphinée/Mooser (1955) chopper system. In general, an almost linear increase of resistivity with temperature was observed for VN, but at certain temperatures, deviations from linearity (anomalies) were observed, these have been classified into three types. Attempts have been made to correlate the anomalous behaviour and temperature coefficients of resistivity with the ambient atmospheres and with the impurities, (especially oxygen), stoichiotmetry and density of this material. Oxygen and excess nitrogen appear to be electron donors in their effects on VN and result in a decrease in the slope of resistivity vs temperature curves. Oxygen and excess nitrogen also appear to increase the overall resistivity due to an increase in defect concentration. No effects due to the ambient atmosphere have been observed in the case of hot-pressed samples. lndicating that reaction can only occur if the reacting gases can reach the interior of the samples.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
A structural investigation of the sulphated polysaccharide from Aeodes ulvoidea Schmitz
- Allsobrook, Anthony John Robert
- Authors: Allsobrook, Anthony John Robert
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Red algae -- Composition Polysaccharides
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4437 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007482
- Description: Aeodes ulvoidea, a red seaweed of the Grateloupiaceae, yielded a highly sulphated polysaccharide which was shown to contain D- and L-galactose, 4-0-methy-L-galactose, 2-0-methyl - D- and L-galactose and 6-0-methyl-D-galactose, together with chromatographic traces of xylose and mannose. The sulphate was not labile to alkali, but it was largely removed with methanolic hydrogen chloride. Periodate oxidation of the polysaccharide, methylation of the de sulphated polysaccharide, and investigation of fifteen oligosaccharides from partial hydrolysis and acetolysis studies of the polysaccharide, indicate that (a) the polysaccharide is composed of a backbone of D-galactose residues which are 1,3- and 1,4-linked (b) at least some regions of alternating structure do occur (c) the 2-0-methylgalactose is linked through the 4-position (d) the 4-0-methyl-L-galactose is present as single unit side chains glycosidically linked to the galactose backbone at position 6, and (e) most of the 6-0-methyl-D-galactose is linked to the 4-position of 2-0-methyl-D-galactose.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
- Authors: Allsobrook, Anthony John Robert
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Red algae -- Composition Polysaccharides
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4437 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007482
- Description: Aeodes ulvoidea, a red seaweed of the Grateloupiaceae, yielded a highly sulphated polysaccharide which was shown to contain D- and L-galactose, 4-0-methy-L-galactose, 2-0-methyl - D- and L-galactose and 6-0-methyl-D-galactose, together with chromatographic traces of xylose and mannose. The sulphate was not labile to alkali, but it was largely removed with methanolic hydrogen chloride. Periodate oxidation of the polysaccharide, methylation of the de sulphated polysaccharide, and investigation of fifteen oligosaccharides from partial hydrolysis and acetolysis studies of the polysaccharide, indicate that (a) the polysaccharide is composed of a backbone of D-galactose residues which are 1,3- and 1,4-linked (b) at least some regions of alternating structure do occur (c) the 2-0-methylgalactose is linked through the 4-position (d) the 4-0-methyl-L-galactose is present as single unit side chains glycosidically linked to the galactose backbone at position 6, and (e) most of the 6-0-methyl-D-galactose is linked to the 4-position of 2-0-methyl-D-galactose.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
A study of Jewish identification and commitment in Johannesburg
- Authors: Dubb, Allie A
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Jews -- South Africa -- Johannesburg Johannesburg (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3362 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011564
- Description: The present study is an investigation of the nature and extent of Jewish identification and commitment in the Johannesburg Jewish Community. Jewish identification is defined as the attitudes and behaviour through which Jews express their identity with each other and with the Jewish group. It is conceived as comprising several dimensions - structural, cultural, religious, etc . - each of which may be assessed in terms of attitudes and/or behaviour. The aim of the study is, in the first place to describe the various dimensions of Jewish identification and to discover relations between them, and between them and other variables. Fieldwork consisted in the administration of a schedule, lasting about an hour, by trained interviewers to a quota sample of Johannesburg Jews. The schedule comprised questions relating to behaviour, attitudes and personal particulars. These data were augmented by several intensive interviews and by interviewers' observations. The final sample consisted of 286 men and women, in almost equal proportions, who had answered affirmatively the initial question, "Are you Jewish?" Five hypotheses were postulated, mainly on the basis of the findings of several previous studies in the United States. Briefly, it was postulated: firstly, that Jews would tend to identify through their attitudes to a greater extent than through actual behaviour; secondly that the area in which identification on the behavioural level was most likely to be manifested, was in patterns of social relations; thirdly, that observance of religious rituals was primarily a manifestation of identification rather than religious commitment ; fourthly; that there was some conflict between the desire to maintain the group and the feeling that barriers between ethnic groups should be minimal; and, finally , that the boundaries of the .Jewish community could be defined most adequately in terms of the relevance to community membership to the allocation of roles rather than in cultural terms. The first hypothesis had to be partially rejected; the remaining four were confirmed by the data. The study comprises eleven Chapters: in the first four, the problem is defined, hypotheses stated and research and sampling methods discussed; in Chapter Five, the demographic background is described, and in Chapters Six to Ten the findings relating to the various dimensions are presented and the hypotheses tested. In the final Chapter, the hypotheses and various specific findings are discussed in relation to their wider theoretical implications, as well as to their possibilities for further research and practical applications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
- Authors: Dubb, Allie A
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Jews -- South Africa -- Johannesburg Johannesburg (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3362 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011564
- Description: The present study is an investigation of the nature and extent of Jewish identification and commitment in the Johannesburg Jewish Community. Jewish identification is defined as the attitudes and behaviour through which Jews express their identity with each other and with the Jewish group. It is conceived as comprising several dimensions - structural, cultural, religious, etc . - each of which may be assessed in terms of attitudes and/or behaviour. The aim of the study is, in the first place to describe the various dimensions of Jewish identification and to discover relations between them, and between them and other variables. Fieldwork consisted in the administration of a schedule, lasting about an hour, by trained interviewers to a quota sample of Johannesburg Jews. The schedule comprised questions relating to behaviour, attitudes and personal particulars. These data were augmented by several intensive interviews and by interviewers' observations. The final sample consisted of 286 men and women, in almost equal proportions, who had answered affirmatively the initial question, "Are you Jewish?" Five hypotheses were postulated, mainly on the basis of the findings of several previous studies in the United States. Briefly, it was postulated: firstly, that Jews would tend to identify through their attitudes to a greater extent than through actual behaviour; secondly that the area in which identification on the behavioural level was most likely to be manifested, was in patterns of social relations; thirdly, that observance of religious rituals was primarily a manifestation of identification rather than religious commitment ; fourthly; that there was some conflict between the desire to maintain the group and the feeling that barriers between ethnic groups should be minimal; and, finally , that the boundaries of the .Jewish community could be defined most adequately in terms of the relevance to community membership to the allocation of roles rather than in cultural terms. The first hypothesis had to be partially rejected; the remaining four were confirmed by the data. The study comprises eleven Chapters: in the first four, the problem is defined, hypotheses stated and research and sampling methods discussed; in Chapter Five, the demographic background is described, and in Chapters Six to Ten the findings relating to the various dimensions are presented and the hypotheses tested. In the final Chapter, the hypotheses and various specific findings are discussed in relation to their wider theoretical implications, as well as to their possibilities for further research and practical applications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
A study of the ecology, behaviour and systematics of Tockus Hornbills
- Authors: Kemp, Alan Charles
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Birds -- South Africa -- Kruger National Park -- Identification Birds -- South Africa -- Kruger National Park -- Ecology Birds -- South Africa -- Kruger National Park -- Breeding Birds -- Birds -- South Africa -- Kruger National Park -- Nutrition Birds -- South Africa -- Kruger National Park -- Physiology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5861 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012634
- Description: During the last decades ecology and behaviour have become of major importance in African ornithology. Not only have more individual species been studied in detail, but behaviour and ecology have been used in a more general sense in regional works (Benson et al 1971} and in zoogeographical treatises (Moreau 1966, Hall and Moreau 1970). As part of a world- wide trend, behaviour and ecology have also become important in systematics and taxonomy eg. Hall's 1963 study of francolin, and Benson et al's 1971 erection of the bush shrike family Malaconotidae. This dissertation fits into this trend, beginning with a detailed study of the ecology and behaviour of three species of hornbill of the genus Tockus, and extending the observations in less detail to five other members of the genus. Combined with the literature, these observations allow an analysis of the systematics and evolution of the genus Tokus to be undertaken, as well as supplying descriptive information on Tokus biology. Intro. p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
- Authors: Kemp, Alan Charles
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Birds -- South Africa -- Kruger National Park -- Identification Birds -- South Africa -- Kruger National Park -- Ecology Birds -- South Africa -- Kruger National Park -- Breeding Birds -- Birds -- South Africa -- Kruger National Park -- Nutrition Birds -- South Africa -- Kruger National Park -- Physiology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5861 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012634
- Description: During the last decades ecology and behaviour have become of major importance in African ornithology. Not only have more individual species been studied in detail, but behaviour and ecology have been used in a more general sense in regional works (Benson et al 1971} and in zoogeographical treatises (Moreau 1966, Hall and Moreau 1970). As part of a world- wide trend, behaviour and ecology have also become important in systematics and taxonomy eg. Hall's 1963 study of francolin, and Benson et al's 1971 erection of the bush shrike family Malaconotidae. This dissertation fits into this trend, beginning with a detailed study of the ecology and behaviour of three species of hornbill of the genus Tockus, and extending the observations in less detail to five other members of the genus. Combined with the literature, these observations allow an analysis of the systematics and evolution of the genus Tokus to be undertaken, as well as supplying descriptive information on Tokus biology. Intro. p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
Aspects of the biology of aestivation in Bulinus (Physopsis) africanus (Krauss) (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)
- Authors: Heeg, J. (Jan)
- Date: 1973
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:21054 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6178
- Description: Aestivation, a period of dormancy during hot, dry conditions, is known to occur in both the Prosobranchia and the Pulmonata among freshwater Gastropoda. While there have been numerous accounts, mainly by field ecologists concerned with bilharziasis control, of the survival value of aestivation in the Gastropoda, little is known of its underlying physiological mechanisms. Results of investigations into the physiological basis of aestivation in the freshwater Prosobranchia, confined to the family Ampulariidae, have been conflicting, fundamental differences having been shown to exist between different species of the genus Pila . Only a single comprehensive study, that by von Brand and his coworkers on the planorbid snail Australorbis glabratus*, forms the basis of our knowledge of the aestivation process in the aquatic Pulmonata. In view of the conflicting results obtained in investigations on freshwater Prosobranchia, the general applicability of the findings for Australorbis glabratus to other freshwater Pulmonata was open to question. The present investigation on the planorbid snail Bulinus (Physopsis) afriaanus, a species known to be a successful aestivator, was prompted by the obvious need for a further comprehensive study on an aquatic pulmonate species . The results presented here show that aestivation in this species is a definite physiological state, characterised by a depression of the metabolic rate, which not only aids in husbanding the snails I metabolic resources. during the enforced starvation which must necessarily accompany aestivation, but also constitutes a form of resistance adaptation to the transient high temperatures which aestivating snails are bound to encounter. Loss of body water is shown to be important in initiating aestivation, but it is also the factor most likely to prove lethal during the course of aestivation. The results confirm and extend the earlier findings for Australorbis glabratus. The results are discussed in the context of our present knowledge of aestivation in other Gastropoda, both aquatic and terrestrial, and also in relation to other forms of resistance adaptation. As expected, the investigation raises more questions than it answers, thus directions for further research, arising out of the present findings, are suggested.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
- Authors: Heeg, J. (Jan)
- Date: 1973
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:21054 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6178
- Description: Aestivation, a period of dormancy during hot, dry conditions, is known to occur in both the Prosobranchia and the Pulmonata among freshwater Gastropoda. While there have been numerous accounts, mainly by field ecologists concerned with bilharziasis control, of the survival value of aestivation in the Gastropoda, little is known of its underlying physiological mechanisms. Results of investigations into the physiological basis of aestivation in the freshwater Prosobranchia, confined to the family Ampulariidae, have been conflicting, fundamental differences having been shown to exist between different species of the genus Pila . Only a single comprehensive study, that by von Brand and his coworkers on the planorbid snail Australorbis glabratus*, forms the basis of our knowledge of the aestivation process in the aquatic Pulmonata. In view of the conflicting results obtained in investigations on freshwater Prosobranchia, the general applicability of the findings for Australorbis glabratus to other freshwater Pulmonata was open to question. The present investigation on the planorbid snail Bulinus (Physopsis) afriaanus, a species known to be a successful aestivator, was prompted by the obvious need for a further comprehensive study on an aquatic pulmonate species . The results presented here show that aestivation in this species is a definite physiological state, characterised by a depression of the metabolic rate, which not only aids in husbanding the snails I metabolic resources. during the enforced starvation which must necessarily accompany aestivation, but also constitutes a form of resistance adaptation to the transient high temperatures which aestivating snails are bound to encounter. Loss of body water is shown to be important in initiating aestivation, but it is also the factor most likely to prove lethal during the course of aestivation. The results confirm and extend the earlier findings for Australorbis glabratus. The results are discussed in the context of our present knowledge of aestivation in other Gastropoda, both aquatic and terrestrial, and also in relation to other forms of resistance adaptation. As expected, the investigation raises more questions than it answers, thus directions for further research, arising out of the present findings, are suggested.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
Aspects of the biology of Boophilus decoloratus (Koch, 1844) (Acarina : ixodidae)
- Londt, Jason G H (Jason Gilbert Hayden), 1943-
- Authors: Londt, Jason G H (Jason Gilbert Hayden), 1943-
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Ixodidae -- Development Ticks -- Development Boophilus -- Development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5817 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007202
- Description: 1. The external morphology of all stages in the life cycle of B. decoloratus is described with the aid of scanning electron micrographs. 2. The biological activities of B. decoloratus during its parasitic cycle are examined with special reference to the course of feeding of all stages, and to the influence of the pharate nymph and adult conditions in accelerating the completion of the cycle. 3. The pattern of dropping of replete females is considered in relation to their weight and their time of drop-off. 4. The adult male population structure is described. Two distinct weight groups are reported and the taxonomic significance of these is discussed. 5. The preoviposition period duration of B .decoloratus was studied under laboratory conditions and found to be temperature dependent and humidity independent. Female size, as implied by their engorged weights, influenced the duration of the oviposition period: ticks weighing less than 20 mg possessed longer preoviposition periods. 6. The preoviposition period of B.decoloratus females under fluctuating macroclimatic conditions was studied and found to be long in duration. The implications of this are discussed in relation to laboratory findings and the summer build-up of this species in nature. 7. The duration of the oviposition period of B. decoloratus and the number of eggs produced during this period were studied under laboratory and field conditions. Both these parameters were found to be temperature dependent and uninfluenced by humidity. The significance of a temperature dependent oviposition period is discussed. 8. The minimum amount of 'blood' required by female ticks for oviposition of eggs was found to be approximately 16 mg. under laboratory conditions. 9. The oviposition behaviour of B. decoloratus females has been described and the water relations of ovipositing and non-ovipositing females were examined and discussed . 10. The effects of handling female ticks during their oviposition period was studied and females which were handled were found to produce significantly fewer eggs. The significance of this is discussed. 11. During preliminary experiments on the incubation period of B. decoloratus it was found that the viability of eggs laid during the first half of the oviposlting period was greater than for eggs laid in the second half of the period. The critical temperature of the 'wax' coating of eggs was found to be 42⁰C while the critical humidity was approximately 70% R.H. (7,53 mmHg) at 26⁰C. The implications of these findings are discussed. 12. The development of eggs, traced throughout the incubation period by monitoring the build-up of guanine spectrophotometrically, was studied under different humidity conditions . Successful development was found to be dependent on the water content of the eggs at the time of laying. As eggs were also found to be unable to take up water vapour from the atmosphere this finding is important evidence to support the suggestion that the survival of the egg stage largely determines the spacial distribution of larvae in the field. 13. Results of work done at constant, alternating and naturally fluctuating temperatures and humidities demonstrated that the duration of the incubation period of B.decoloratus is temperature dependent and humidity independent. The significance of this is discussed in relation to the findings of previous workers and to the biology of the species. 14. Egg viability (percentage hatch) was found to be humidity dependent and temperature independent. The implications of these findings are discussed. 15. Some of the problems associated with the assessment of the effects of climatic conditions on ticks are discussed. Special reference has been made to the advocation of using saturation deficit instead of relative humidity as the parameter indicative of environmental humidity in any biological study involving fluctuating humidity conditions. 16. The problems associated with having three variables (e.g. temperature, saturation deficit and incubation period duration) are discussed and reasons given for why contour diagrams have been used in this investigation. 17. A model of the interactions between the main abiotic factors of the environment (temperature and humidity) and the biological parameters studied during the second part of this investigation is presented. 18. The effects of climatic conditions on the life cycle and distribution of B.decoloratus are discussed. Special reference has been made to the available evidence explaining the summer build-up in tick numbers known to occur in nature and the way in which the present findings have helped in an understanding of the spacial distribution of B.decoloratus in the field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
- Authors: Londt, Jason G H (Jason Gilbert Hayden), 1943-
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Ixodidae -- Development Ticks -- Development Boophilus -- Development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5817 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007202
- Description: 1. The external morphology of all stages in the life cycle of B. decoloratus is described with the aid of scanning electron micrographs. 2. The biological activities of B. decoloratus during its parasitic cycle are examined with special reference to the course of feeding of all stages, and to the influence of the pharate nymph and adult conditions in accelerating the completion of the cycle. 3. The pattern of dropping of replete females is considered in relation to their weight and their time of drop-off. 4. The adult male population structure is described. Two distinct weight groups are reported and the taxonomic significance of these is discussed. 5. The preoviposition period duration of B .decoloratus was studied under laboratory conditions and found to be temperature dependent and humidity independent. Female size, as implied by their engorged weights, influenced the duration of the oviposition period: ticks weighing less than 20 mg possessed longer preoviposition periods. 6. The preoviposition period of B.decoloratus females under fluctuating macroclimatic conditions was studied and found to be long in duration. The implications of this are discussed in relation to laboratory findings and the summer build-up of this species in nature. 7. The duration of the oviposition period of B. decoloratus and the number of eggs produced during this period were studied under laboratory and field conditions. Both these parameters were found to be temperature dependent and uninfluenced by humidity. The significance of a temperature dependent oviposition period is discussed. 8. The minimum amount of 'blood' required by female ticks for oviposition of eggs was found to be approximately 16 mg. under laboratory conditions. 9. The oviposition behaviour of B. decoloratus females has been described and the water relations of ovipositing and non-ovipositing females were examined and discussed . 10. The effects of handling female ticks during their oviposition period was studied and females which were handled were found to produce significantly fewer eggs. The significance of this is discussed. 11. During preliminary experiments on the incubation period of B. decoloratus it was found that the viability of eggs laid during the first half of the oviposlting period was greater than for eggs laid in the second half of the period. The critical temperature of the 'wax' coating of eggs was found to be 42⁰C while the critical humidity was approximately 70% R.H. (7,53 mmHg) at 26⁰C. The implications of these findings are discussed. 12. The development of eggs, traced throughout the incubation period by monitoring the build-up of guanine spectrophotometrically, was studied under different humidity conditions . Successful development was found to be dependent on the water content of the eggs at the time of laying. As eggs were also found to be unable to take up water vapour from the atmosphere this finding is important evidence to support the suggestion that the survival of the egg stage largely determines the spacial distribution of larvae in the field. 13. Results of work done at constant, alternating and naturally fluctuating temperatures and humidities demonstrated that the duration of the incubation period of B.decoloratus is temperature dependent and humidity independent. The significance of this is discussed in relation to the findings of previous workers and to the biology of the species. 14. Egg viability (percentage hatch) was found to be humidity dependent and temperature independent. The implications of these findings are discussed. 15. Some of the problems associated with the assessment of the effects of climatic conditions on ticks are discussed. Special reference has been made to the advocation of using saturation deficit instead of relative humidity as the parameter indicative of environmental humidity in any biological study involving fluctuating humidity conditions. 16. The problems associated with having three variables (e.g. temperature, saturation deficit and incubation period duration) are discussed and reasons given for why contour diagrams have been used in this investigation. 17. A model of the interactions between the main abiotic factors of the environment (temperature and humidity) and the biological parameters studied during the second part of this investigation is presented. 18. The effects of climatic conditions on the life cycle and distribution of B.decoloratus are discussed. Special reference has been made to the available evidence explaining the summer build-up in tick numbers known to occur in nature and the way in which the present findings have helped in an understanding of the spacial distribution of B.decoloratus in the field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
Critical studies of John Milton, T.S. Eliot and other writers
- Authors: Peter, John Desmond
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Milton, John, 1608-1674 -- Paradise lost , Crashaw, Richard, 1613?-1649 -- Criticism and interpretation , Joyce, James, 1882-1941 -- Criticism and interpretation , Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1772-1834 -- Criticism and interpretation , Marston, John, 1575?-1634 -- Criticism and interpretation , Eliot, T. S. (Thomas Stearns), 1888-1965 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DLitt
- Identifier: vital:2329 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018265
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
- Authors: Peter, John Desmond
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Milton, John, 1608-1674 -- Paradise lost , Crashaw, Richard, 1613?-1649 -- Criticism and interpretation , Joyce, James, 1882-1941 -- Criticism and interpretation , Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1772-1834 -- Criticism and interpretation , Marston, John, 1575?-1634 -- Criticism and interpretation , Eliot, T. S. (Thomas Stearns), 1888-1965 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DLitt
- Identifier: vital:2329 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018265
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
Metal complexes of black wattle tannins and related model polyphenols
- Authors: Slabbert, Neville Patrick
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Metal complexes Tannins
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4432 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007407
- Description: Apart from their general usage as tanning agents for hides and skins, the natural tannins have been used since earliest times for various other purposes. The blue-black iron tannate complex was used by ancient Egyptians as a hairdye and for many conturies this complex was the main source of writing inks. Wattle tannin is known to form complexes with many metal ions. The chief use of tannin complexes has been in gravimetric analyses, since aqueous solutions of tannins readily precipitate metal ions under certain experimentel conditions. At the present time the nature of the precipitated complexes has not been investigated however, because in the gravimetric method the complexes are ignited and the metal determined as its oxide; hence no knowledge of the complexes themselves was required.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
- Authors: Slabbert, Neville Patrick
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Metal complexes Tannins
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4432 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007407
- Description: Apart from their general usage as tanning agents for hides and skins, the natural tannins have been used since earliest times for various other purposes. The blue-black iron tannate complex was used by ancient Egyptians as a hairdye and for many conturies this complex was the main source of writing inks. Wattle tannin is known to form complexes with many metal ions. The chief use of tannin complexes has been in gravimetric analyses, since aqueous solutions of tannins readily precipitate metal ions under certain experimentel conditions. At the present time the nature of the precipitated complexes has not been investigated however, because in the gravimetric method the complexes are ignited and the metal determined as its oxide; hence no knowledge of the complexes themselves was required.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
Studies in the South African Bulbous liliaceae
- Authors: Jessop, John Peter
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Bulbs (Plants) -- South Africa Liliaceae -- South Africa Lilies -- South Africa Liliaceae -- Classification -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4261 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012563
- Description: The work comprises two principal sections; an attempt at ellucidating generic relationships in the South African bulbous Liliaceae, and a revision of the species of selected genera. In the first section the approaches investigated were: 1) A re-evaluation of the nature of the bulb apex, showing a likelihood that certain groups possess axillary and other groups terminal inflorescences. 2) An investigation of leaf anatomy, showing that most genera have very similar leaf structure, but that a few genera do differ from this norm. Scilla (Euscilla) generally possesses a distinctly lignified bundle sheath and the Urginea-Drimia group show a great range in structures - including a palisade. 3) An impression technique to determine patterns in the surface of the leaf cuticle. A close correlation appears to exist between these patterns and leaf shape. 4) Scanning Electron Microscope pictures of pollen revealed a considerable uniformity within the group and between this group and most other members of the Liliaceae. 5) Scanning Electron Microscope pictures of seeds revealed two main groups in the bulbous Liliaceae determined on the appearance of the cell walls of the testa. 6) A simple chromatographic technique was not found to be useful. 7) An investigation of chromosome numbers of. 44 samples of 15 species supplemented published data in allowing an analysis to be made of the application of chromosome numbers to generic concepts. Many genera of the Liliaceae - especially in the bulbous group - have extremely variable chromosome numbers. It is considered that numbers are more applicable to tribal than to generic concepts. Few indications of meiotic abnormalities were detected. Phylogenetic and taxonomic aspects of the genera of the bulbous Liliaceae are discussed and a key to the South African bulbous Liliaceae genera constructed. The following generic alterations are proposed: Ledebouria to be split off Scilla. Schizocarphus to be placed in Scilla. Resnova to be placed in Drimiopsis. The Astemme section (= Neobakeria) to be removed from Polyxena and placed in Massonia. The Cape species of Hyacinthus to be placed in Polyxena. Thuranthos, Urgineopsis and Urginea to be placed in Drimia. It is suggested that Schizobasis and Bowiea are of great importance in explaining the origin of Asparagus - possibly even directly from this group. In the generic revisions, thirteen genera are dealt with including typification, synonymy, distribution, field notes, species descriptions and keys. 67 species are dealt with, of which three are new (all in Ledebouria), and 31 new combinations are proposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
- Authors: Jessop, John Peter
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Bulbs (Plants) -- South Africa Liliaceae -- South Africa Lilies -- South Africa Liliaceae -- Classification -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4261 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012563
- Description: The work comprises two principal sections; an attempt at ellucidating generic relationships in the South African bulbous Liliaceae, and a revision of the species of selected genera. In the first section the approaches investigated were: 1) A re-evaluation of the nature of the bulb apex, showing a likelihood that certain groups possess axillary and other groups terminal inflorescences. 2) An investigation of leaf anatomy, showing that most genera have very similar leaf structure, but that a few genera do differ from this norm. Scilla (Euscilla) generally possesses a distinctly lignified bundle sheath and the Urginea-Drimia group show a great range in structures - including a palisade. 3) An impression technique to determine patterns in the surface of the leaf cuticle. A close correlation appears to exist between these patterns and leaf shape. 4) Scanning Electron Microscope pictures of pollen revealed a considerable uniformity within the group and between this group and most other members of the Liliaceae. 5) Scanning Electron Microscope pictures of seeds revealed two main groups in the bulbous Liliaceae determined on the appearance of the cell walls of the testa. 6) A simple chromatographic technique was not found to be useful. 7) An investigation of chromosome numbers of. 44 samples of 15 species supplemented published data in allowing an analysis to be made of the application of chromosome numbers to generic concepts. Many genera of the Liliaceae - especially in the bulbous group - have extremely variable chromosome numbers. It is considered that numbers are more applicable to tribal than to generic concepts. Few indications of meiotic abnormalities were detected. Phylogenetic and taxonomic aspects of the genera of the bulbous Liliaceae are discussed and a key to the South African bulbous Liliaceae genera constructed. The following generic alterations are proposed: Ledebouria to be split off Scilla. Schizocarphus to be placed in Scilla. Resnova to be placed in Drimiopsis. The Astemme section (= Neobakeria) to be removed from Polyxena and placed in Massonia. The Cape species of Hyacinthus to be placed in Polyxena. Thuranthos, Urgineopsis and Urginea to be placed in Drimia. It is suggested that Schizobasis and Bowiea are of great importance in explaining the origin of Asparagus - possibly even directly from this group. In the generic revisions, thirteen genera are dealt with including typification, synonymy, distribution, field notes, species descriptions and keys. 67 species are dealt with, of which three are new (all in Ledebouria), and 31 new combinations are proposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
The effects of soil fumigation, applied fertilizers and climate on the growth and nutrient levels of cayenne pineapples under field conditions
- Authors: Marr, George Stuart
- Date: 1973
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:21067 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6246
- Description: From Introduction: The pineapple producing area of the Eastern Cape lies between 33°S and 34°S latitude. It is the most distant area from the equator in which pineapples are grown commercially, most other areas lying between latitudes 25°N and 25°S (Collins, 1960). The prevailing climatic conditions may be considered as being adverse to the growth of a plant which originated in the tropics. Girton, (1962) considers the area to be unsuitable for commercial production because of the cold weather experienced during winter. Seasonal fluctuations in growth and nutrient levels of the plant have been referred to by van Lelyveld, (1964), but these have never been studied locally. Because of the profound effect of temperature on the growth and nutrient requirements of any plant, it was deemed necessary to investigate the effects of the cooler conditions on the growth and nutrient levels of the pineapple plant, the results of which may give some indications of seasonal nutrient requirements.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
- Authors: Marr, George Stuart
- Date: 1973
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:21067 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6246
- Description: From Introduction: The pineapple producing area of the Eastern Cape lies between 33°S and 34°S latitude. It is the most distant area from the equator in which pineapples are grown commercially, most other areas lying between latitudes 25°N and 25°S (Collins, 1960). The prevailing climatic conditions may be considered as being adverse to the growth of a plant which originated in the tropics. Girton, (1962) considers the area to be unsuitable for commercial production because of the cold weather experienced during winter. Seasonal fluctuations in growth and nutrient levels of the plant have been referred to by van Lelyveld, (1964), but these have never been studied locally. Because of the profound effect of temperature on the growth and nutrient requirements of any plant, it was deemed necessary to investigate the effects of the cooler conditions on the growth and nutrient levels of the pineapple plant, the results of which may give some indications of seasonal nutrient requirements.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
The Hamilton-Jacobi theory in general relativity theory and certain Petrov type D metrics
- Authors: Matravers, David Richard
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Hamilton-Jacobi equations , General relativity (Physics) , Generalized spaces
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5422 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007551 , Hamilton-Jacobi equations , General relativity (Physics) , Generalized spaces
- Description: Introduction: The discovery of new solutions to Einstein's field equations has long been a problem in General Relativity. However due to new techniques of Newman and Penrose [1], Carter [2] and others there has been a considerable proliferation of new solutions in recent times. Consequently a new problem has arisen. How are we to interpret the new solutions physically? The tools available, despite a spate of papers in the past fifteen years, remain inadequate although often sophisticated. Any attempts at physical interpretations of metrics are beset with difficulties. There is always the possibility that two entirely different physical pictures will emerge. For example a direct approach would be to attempt an "infilling" of the metric, that is, an extension of the metric into the region occupied by the gravitating matter. However even for the Kerr [1] metric the infilling is by no means unique, in fact a most natural "infilling" turns out to be unphysical (Israel [1]). Yet few people would doubt the physical significance of the Kerr metric. Viewed in this light our attempt to discuss, among other things, the physical interpretation of type D metrics is slightly ambitious. However the problems with regard to this type of metric are not as formidable as for most of the other metrics, since we have been able to integrate the geodesic equations. Nevertheless it is still not possible to produce complete answers to all the questions posed. After a chapter on Mathematical preliminaries the study divides naturally into four sections. We start with an outline of the Hamilton-Jacobi theory of Rund [1] and then go on to show how this theory can be applied to the Carter [2] metrics. In the process we lay a foundation in the calculus of variations for Carter's work. This leads us to the construction of Killing tensors for all but one of the Kinnersley [1] type D vacuum metrics and the Cartei [2] metrics which are not necessarily vacuum metrics. The geodesic equations, for these metrics, are integrated using the Hamilton-Jacobi procedure. The remaining chapters are devoted to the Kinnersley [1] type D vacuum metrics. We omit his class I metrics since these are the Schwarzschild metrics, and have been studied in detail before. Chapter three is devoted to a general study of his class II a metric, a generalisation of the Kerr [1] and NUT (Newman, Tamburino and Unti [1]) metrics. We integrate the geodesic equations and discuss certain general properties: the question of geodesic completeness, the asymptotic properties, and the existence of Killing horizons. Chapter four is concerned with the interpretation of the new parameter 'l', that arises in the class II a and NUT metrics. This parameter was interpreted by Demianski and Newman [1] as a magnetic monopole of mass. Our work centers on the possibility of obtaining observable effects from the presence of 'l'. We have been able to show that its presence is observable, at least in principle, from a study of the motion of particles in the field. In the first place, if l is comparable to the mass of the gravitating system, a comparatively large perihelion shift is to be expected. The possibility of anomalous behaviour in the orbits of test particles, quite unlike anything that occurs in a Newtonian or Schwarzschild field, also arises. In the fifth chapter the Kinnersley class IV metrics are considered. These metrics, which in their simplest form have been known for some time, present serious problems and no interpretations have been suggested. Our discussion is essentially exploratory and the information that does emerge takes the form of suggestions rather than conclusions. Intrinsically the metrics give the impression that interesting results should be obtainable since they are asymptotically flat in certain directions. However the case that we have dealt with does not appear to represent a radiation metric.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
- Authors: Matravers, David Richard
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Hamilton-Jacobi equations , General relativity (Physics) , Generalized spaces
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5422 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007551 , Hamilton-Jacobi equations , General relativity (Physics) , Generalized spaces
- Description: Introduction: The discovery of new solutions to Einstein's field equations has long been a problem in General Relativity. However due to new techniques of Newman and Penrose [1], Carter [2] and others there has been a considerable proliferation of new solutions in recent times. Consequently a new problem has arisen. How are we to interpret the new solutions physically? The tools available, despite a spate of papers in the past fifteen years, remain inadequate although often sophisticated. Any attempts at physical interpretations of metrics are beset with difficulties. There is always the possibility that two entirely different physical pictures will emerge. For example a direct approach would be to attempt an "infilling" of the metric, that is, an extension of the metric into the region occupied by the gravitating matter. However even for the Kerr [1] metric the infilling is by no means unique, in fact a most natural "infilling" turns out to be unphysical (Israel [1]). Yet few people would doubt the physical significance of the Kerr metric. Viewed in this light our attempt to discuss, among other things, the physical interpretation of type D metrics is slightly ambitious. However the problems with regard to this type of metric are not as formidable as for most of the other metrics, since we have been able to integrate the geodesic equations. Nevertheless it is still not possible to produce complete answers to all the questions posed. After a chapter on Mathematical preliminaries the study divides naturally into four sections. We start with an outline of the Hamilton-Jacobi theory of Rund [1] and then go on to show how this theory can be applied to the Carter [2] metrics. In the process we lay a foundation in the calculus of variations for Carter's work. This leads us to the construction of Killing tensors for all but one of the Kinnersley [1] type D vacuum metrics and the Cartei [2] metrics which are not necessarily vacuum metrics. The geodesic equations, for these metrics, are integrated using the Hamilton-Jacobi procedure. The remaining chapters are devoted to the Kinnersley [1] type D vacuum metrics. We omit his class I metrics since these are the Schwarzschild metrics, and have been studied in detail before. Chapter three is devoted to a general study of his class II a metric, a generalisation of the Kerr [1] and NUT (Newman, Tamburino and Unti [1]) metrics. We integrate the geodesic equations and discuss certain general properties: the question of geodesic completeness, the asymptotic properties, and the existence of Killing horizons. Chapter four is concerned with the interpretation of the new parameter 'l', that arises in the class II a and NUT metrics. This parameter was interpreted by Demianski and Newman [1] as a magnetic monopole of mass. Our work centers on the possibility of obtaining observable effects from the presence of 'l'. We have been able to show that its presence is observable, at least in principle, from a study of the motion of particles in the field. In the first place, if l is comparable to the mass of the gravitating system, a comparatively large perihelion shift is to be expected. The possibility of anomalous behaviour in the orbits of test particles, quite unlike anything that occurs in a Newtonian or Schwarzschild field, also arises. In the fifth chapter the Kinnersley class IV metrics are considered. These metrics, which in their simplest form have been known for some time, present serious problems and no interpretations have been suggested. Our discussion is essentially exploratory and the information that does emerge takes the form of suggestions rather than conclusions. Intrinsically the metrics give the impression that interesting results should be obtainable since they are asymptotically flat in certain directions. However the case that we have dealt with does not appear to represent a radiation metric.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
The history, organization and training of wind bands
- Authors: Honey, Albert Edward
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Band music -- Instruction and study , Band music -- Analysis, appreciation , Bands (Music) -- Instruction and study , Bands (Music)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2692 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013343
- Description: From introduction: The decision to use the term "Wind Band" in connection with this work was made after much careful deliberation. The English word "Band" is derived from the French "bande" meaning a group of players. It was first applied in this context in England when the Twenty-four Violins at the Court of Charles II (in emulation of "Le Vingt-quatre Violons du Roi at the Court of Louis XIV of France) were known in England as "The King's Band "Band" is a title generally given at the present time to any of instrumentalists, and indeed, many of the World's most famous conductors have been known to refer to any large symphony orchestra as "The Band" and the dressing-room of every Symphony or Concert orchestra in the British Isles is invariably called "The Band-Room"
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
- Authors: Honey, Albert Edward
- Date: 1973
- Subjects: Band music -- Instruction and study , Band music -- Analysis, appreciation , Bands (Music) -- Instruction and study , Bands (Music)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2692 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013343
- Description: From introduction: The decision to use the term "Wind Band" in connection with this work was made after much careful deliberation. The English word "Band" is derived from the French "bande" meaning a group of players. It was first applied in this context in England when the Twenty-four Violins at the Court of Charles II (in emulation of "Le Vingt-quatre Violons du Roi at the Court of Louis XIV of France) were known in England as "The King's Band "Band" is a title generally given at the present time to any of instrumentalists, and indeed, many of the World's most famous conductors have been known to refer to any large symphony orchestra as "The Band" and the dressing-room of every Symphony or Concert orchestra in the British Isles is invariably called "The Band-Room"
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1973
A new model of the IO-Controlled Jovian decametric radiation
- Authors: Goertz, Christoph K
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Jupiter (Planet) Radiation Magnetosphere Ionosphere
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5521 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012043
- Description: Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system, is not only an emitter of thermal radiation like any other planet. Jupiter also emits relatively high-intensity non-thermal radiation in two bands, the decimetre wavelength range and the decametre wavelength range (5 MHz< f < 40 MHz). The decimetric radiation is believed to be due to synchrotron radiation of electrons trapped in a kind of Jovian "Van Allen belt". This thesis deals almost exclusively with the decametric radiation. Although the decametric radiation has been observed for 15 years since its discovery by Burke and Franklin in 1955, there is no generally accepted theoretical model of its generation to be found in the literature as yet. This is not surprising, as there are many complex and confusing aspects of the radiation. And since our knowledge of the Jovian ionosphere, magnetosphere and magnetic field is very limited indeed, every theoretical model must be based on some more or less well justified assumptions. It is, however, possible to draw some conclusions from the observed properties of the decimetric and decametric radiation. The radiation in both bands is polarized. It has been shown that at least part of the polarization is an intrinsic property of the radiation source at Jupiter, This indicates the existence of a Jovian magnetic field. The magnitude and shape of the magnetic field, however, is open to discussion, although a dipole field does seem to be a good approximation at least for large distances from Jupiter. Intro. p. 1-2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972
- Authors: Goertz, Christoph K
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Jupiter (Planet) Radiation Magnetosphere Ionosphere
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5521 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012043
- Description: Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system, is not only an emitter of thermal radiation like any other planet. Jupiter also emits relatively high-intensity non-thermal radiation in two bands, the decimetre wavelength range and the decametre wavelength range (5 MHz< f < 40 MHz). The decimetric radiation is believed to be due to synchrotron radiation of electrons trapped in a kind of Jovian "Van Allen belt". This thesis deals almost exclusively with the decametric radiation. Although the decametric radiation has been observed for 15 years since its discovery by Burke and Franklin in 1955, there is no generally accepted theoretical model of its generation to be found in the literature as yet. This is not surprising, as there are many complex and confusing aspects of the radiation. And since our knowledge of the Jovian ionosphere, magnetosphere and magnetic field is very limited indeed, every theoretical model must be based on some more or less well justified assumptions. It is, however, possible to draw some conclusions from the observed properties of the decimetric and decametric radiation. The radiation in both bands is polarized. It has been shown that at least part of the polarization is an intrinsic property of the radiation source at Jupiter, This indicates the existence of a Jovian magnetic field. The magnitude and shape of the magnetic field, however, is open to discussion, although a dipole field does seem to be a good approximation at least for large distances from Jupiter. Intro. p. 1-2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972
A petrological and mineralogical study of peridotite and eclogite xenoliths from certain kimberlite pipes
- Authors: Whitfield, Gavin
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Petrology Peridotite Mineralogy Kimberlite Igneous rocks -- Inclusions Eclogite
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5044 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007690
- Description: Kimberlite, an ultrabasic diamond-bearing hypabyssal rock-type which has its origin in the Earth's upper mantle, characteristically contains rare, well-rounded xenoliths of peridotite and eclogite. These xenoliths, which undoubtedly originate from some considerable depth below the Earth's surface, possibly represent samples of upper mantle material. They have received much attention from earth scientists and numerous theories as to their origin have been proposed. Forty-two selected peridotite xenoliths from the Bultfontein, Wesselton, Dutoitspan and Roberts Victor kimberlite pipes of the Kimberley area, South Africa, and 24 eclogite xenoliths from the Roberts Victor pipe have been examined in detail using a variety of petrological and mineralogical techniques. The petrologic research comprises conventional petrographic studies, the determination of accurate modal compositions and the presentation of 22 new whole-rock chemical analyses, nine of which are of garnet peridotite, four of spinel peridotite and nine of eclogite, one being a diamondiferous specimen. Detailed mineralogical studies of the constituent minerals of the xenoliths comprises descriptive mineralogy, in most cases an estimation of the compositions of these minerals from the measurement of physical properties, X-ray powder diffraction data and the presentation of 21 new chemical analyses of pure mineral separates. This includes five analyses of clivine, five of orthopyroxene, eight of garnet, one of chrome diopside and two of omphacite. The results of the investigation have shown that the peridotites consist essentially of forsterite and enstatite with minor or trace amounts of one or more of pyrope-rich garnet, chrome diopside, chrome spinel, phlogopite and rarely graphite, and often exhibit features consistent with plastic movement and tectonic deformation. The peridotites are believed to be derived from an ultrabasic upper mantle, which is both chemioally and physically zoned. The eclogite xenoliths, which are composed mainly of pyrope-almandine garnet and omphacitic clinopyroxene and occasionally contain kyanite, corundum and diamond, are not samples of a primary eclogitic upper mantle nor the products of an eclogite fractionation related to kimberlite genesis. Chemically they are not typical of extrusive basalts and probably either represent pockets of partially fractionated basic magma trapped at mantle-level in an eclogite-stable environment or samples of high-grade crustal metamorphic eclogite accidentally incorporated into the Roberts Victor kimberlite.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972
- Authors: Whitfield, Gavin
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Petrology Peridotite Mineralogy Kimberlite Igneous rocks -- Inclusions Eclogite
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5044 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007690
- Description: Kimberlite, an ultrabasic diamond-bearing hypabyssal rock-type which has its origin in the Earth's upper mantle, characteristically contains rare, well-rounded xenoliths of peridotite and eclogite. These xenoliths, which undoubtedly originate from some considerable depth below the Earth's surface, possibly represent samples of upper mantle material. They have received much attention from earth scientists and numerous theories as to their origin have been proposed. Forty-two selected peridotite xenoliths from the Bultfontein, Wesselton, Dutoitspan and Roberts Victor kimberlite pipes of the Kimberley area, South Africa, and 24 eclogite xenoliths from the Roberts Victor pipe have been examined in detail using a variety of petrological and mineralogical techniques. The petrologic research comprises conventional petrographic studies, the determination of accurate modal compositions and the presentation of 22 new whole-rock chemical analyses, nine of which are of garnet peridotite, four of spinel peridotite and nine of eclogite, one being a diamondiferous specimen. Detailed mineralogical studies of the constituent minerals of the xenoliths comprises descriptive mineralogy, in most cases an estimation of the compositions of these minerals from the measurement of physical properties, X-ray powder diffraction data and the presentation of 21 new chemical analyses of pure mineral separates. This includes five analyses of clivine, five of orthopyroxene, eight of garnet, one of chrome diopside and two of omphacite. The results of the investigation have shown that the peridotites consist essentially of forsterite and enstatite with minor or trace amounts of one or more of pyrope-rich garnet, chrome diopside, chrome spinel, phlogopite and rarely graphite, and often exhibit features consistent with plastic movement and tectonic deformation. The peridotites are believed to be derived from an ultrabasic upper mantle, which is both chemioally and physically zoned. The eclogite xenoliths, which are composed mainly of pyrope-almandine garnet and omphacitic clinopyroxene and occasionally contain kyanite, corundum and diamond, are not samples of a primary eclogitic upper mantle nor the products of an eclogite fractionation related to kimberlite genesis. Chemically they are not typical of extrusive basalts and probably either represent pockets of partially fractionated basic magma trapped at mantle-level in an eclogite-stable environment or samples of high-grade crustal metamorphic eclogite accidentally incorporated into the Roberts Victor kimberlite.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972
A structural investigation of the sulphated polysaccharide of Anathaca dentata (suhr) papenf. and the xylan of Chaetangium erinaceum (turn.) papenf.
- Authors: Russell, Irina
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Polysaccharides , Marine algae -- Composition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4494 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013103
- Description: Hot-water extraction of Anatheca dentata, a red seaweed belonging to the family Solieriaceae, yielded a mixture of polysaccharides. Fractionation of this mixture with Cetavlon gave a glucomannan as minor component and a highly sulphated major component, which gave D- and L-galactose, D-xylose and small amounts of 3-0 (underscore)-methylgalactose, pyruvic acid and uronic acid on hydrolysis. All subsequent investigations were carried out on the sulphated major component. The sulphate was not labile to alkali, but was removed with methanolic hydrogen chloride. Periodate oxidation of the polysaccharide before and after desulphation indicated that new a-glycol groups were formed during desulphation. All the xylose units in the polymer were cleaved by periodate and this, together with the fact that the major xylose product from methylation analysis of the desulphated polymer was the 2,3, 4-tri-0 (underscore)-methyl derivative, indicated that the xylose occurs as a non-reducing end-group. Methylation of the desulphated polysaccharide revealed the presence of 1,4- and 1,3- linked D- galactose and 1,4- linked L-galactose units in the polymer. D-Glucuronic acid occurred as non-reducing end-groups. Summary, p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972
- Authors: Russell, Irina
- Date: 1972
- Subjects: Polysaccharides , Marine algae -- Composition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4494 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013103
- Description: Hot-water extraction of Anatheca dentata, a red seaweed belonging to the family Solieriaceae, yielded a mixture of polysaccharides. Fractionation of this mixture with Cetavlon gave a glucomannan as minor component and a highly sulphated major component, which gave D- and L-galactose, D-xylose and small amounts of 3-0 (underscore)-methylgalactose, pyruvic acid and uronic acid on hydrolysis. All subsequent investigations were carried out on the sulphated major component. The sulphate was not labile to alkali, but was removed with methanolic hydrogen chloride. Periodate oxidation of the polysaccharide before and after desulphation indicated that new a-glycol groups were formed during desulphation. All the xylose units in the polymer were cleaved by periodate and this, together with the fact that the major xylose product from methylation analysis of the desulphated polymer was the 2,3, 4-tri-0 (underscore)-methyl derivative, indicated that the xylose occurs as a non-reducing end-group. Methylation of the desulphated polysaccharide revealed the presence of 1,4- and 1,3- linked D- galactose and 1,4- linked L-galactose units in the polymer. D-Glucuronic acid occurred as non-reducing end-groups. Summary, p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1972