A critical review of contemporary dance/movement therapy
- Authors: Du Plessis, Nicolette
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Dance therapy , Modern dance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2135 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002367 , Dance therapy , Modern dance
- Description: This critical review aims to describe and define the field of dance/movement therapy. Attention is paid to central issues in psychology and dance studies which influence the advancement of the modality. Dance/movement therapy is a young profession, developed during the second half of this century, and must be viewed within the socio-cultural context of contemporary western industrialized societies. This work therefore firstly documents the development of dance/movement therapy in the light of recent studies into the nature of bodily expression and non-verbal communication. The phenomenological understanding of the human body is discussed, and the concept of bodyliness proposed in order to encapsulate a multi-dimensional understanding of the meanings of the human body. Dance/movement therapy is then delineated in relation to verbal psychotherapeutic traditions, as well as to the more marginalized body therapies. In this way it is hoped to provide an understanding of the historical precedents and theoretical contexts within which dance/movement therapy is emerging, and ultimately the possibly unique alternative service it may provide. As wide a variety as possible of theoretical approaches in dance/movement therapy is then described, and classified according to the predominant psychological orientation of the proponents. From this a critical review is attempted which is directed broadly at foundational considerations of the profession, rather than at any particular methodology. The enquiry focusses on directions for future possible research which will ensure sound theoretical frames of reference for the developing profession. Discussion of two examples of dance being used in the therapeutic context in South Africa concludes. This section is not a judgmental evaluation of techniques, but intended rather as documentation and broad classification of current work of this nature.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Du Plessis, Nicolette
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Dance therapy , Modern dance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2135 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002367 , Dance therapy , Modern dance
- Description: This critical review aims to describe and define the field of dance/movement therapy. Attention is paid to central issues in psychology and dance studies which influence the advancement of the modality. Dance/movement therapy is a young profession, developed during the second half of this century, and must be viewed within the socio-cultural context of contemporary western industrialized societies. This work therefore firstly documents the development of dance/movement therapy in the light of recent studies into the nature of bodily expression and non-verbal communication. The phenomenological understanding of the human body is discussed, and the concept of bodyliness proposed in order to encapsulate a multi-dimensional understanding of the meanings of the human body. Dance/movement therapy is then delineated in relation to verbal psychotherapeutic traditions, as well as to the more marginalized body therapies. In this way it is hoped to provide an understanding of the historical precedents and theoretical contexts within which dance/movement therapy is emerging, and ultimately the possibly unique alternative service it may provide. As wide a variety as possible of theoretical approaches in dance/movement therapy is then described, and classified according to the predominant psychological orientation of the proponents. From this a critical review is attempted which is directed broadly at foundational considerations of the profession, rather than at any particular methodology. The enquiry focusses on directions for future possible research which will ensure sound theoretical frames of reference for the developing profession. Discussion of two examples of dance being used in the therapeutic context in South Africa concludes. This section is not a judgmental evaluation of techniques, but intended rather as documentation and broad classification of current work of this nature.
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A study of Tennyson's Idylls of the King
- Authors: Falconer, Marc Stuart
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, Baron, 1809-1892. Idylls of the king , English poetry -- 19th century -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2237 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002280 , Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, Baron, 1809-1892. Idylls of the king , English poetry -- 19th century -- History and criticism
- Description: This thesis is a study of themes and genre in Tennyson's Idylls of the King. I have not attempted to present a survey of the body of critisicm on the cycle, nor have I attempted a comprehensive comparison of the poem with any of Tennyson's sources. The first chapter is based on A. Fowler's study of genres and I follow the implications of his work in my reading of the Idylls. Tennyson blends various generic strands in his cycle, in particular allegory, epic, dramatic monologue and the Alexandrian idyll, to create a complex psychological allegory of epic scope which both draws on traditional genres and extends them. I believe the Idylls should be read as a cycle and in the order in which Tennyson finally presented them; the ordering process is as much part of the creative process as the actual act of composition. I have adopted Priestley's sensible division of the twelve poems which he says "falls naturally into three groups of four, corresponding closely to the three acts of modern drama" (1960, p.252-254)" The second chapter begins the sequential examination of the first four "spring" and "summer" poems beginning with the symbolic The Coming of Arthur. This idyll begins Tennyson's Arthurian mythopoeia, creating a poetic kingdom of the mind. The "act" closes with the Geraint and Enid idylls, all four works in this section ending happily. The third chapter deals with the idylls which plot the corrupting and ever-widening influence of the adulterous relationship of Lancelot and Guinevere, one cause of the destruction of the institution of the Round Table. Other causes of the demise of Arthur's order are the pernicious influences of the evil Vivien and Modred and the meaningless and sterile spirituality that prompts the quest of The Holy Grail. The last four idylls chart the final collapse of Arthur's realm, the utter disillusionment of individual idealism - personified by Pelleas, an anachronistic spring figure who appears in Camelot's bleak and hostile winter - and the complete social decay which is demonstrated by the fiasco of The Last Tournament. The tragic denouement of the cycle, on both individual and social levels, is evident in Guinevere, in which Arthur's wretched and traitorous queen understands Arthur's vision, but too late to save Camelot from ruin. In the final framing idyll, The Passing of Arthur, Tennyson's myth is elevated to the level of universal significance, the Idylls of the King becoming "not the history of one man or one generation but of a whole cycle of generations" (Memoir, ii, p.127).
- Full Text:
- Authors: Falconer, Marc Stuart
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, Baron, 1809-1892. Idylls of the king , English poetry -- 19th century -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2237 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002280 , Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, Baron, 1809-1892. Idylls of the king , English poetry -- 19th century -- History and criticism
- Description: This thesis is a study of themes and genre in Tennyson's Idylls of the King. I have not attempted to present a survey of the body of critisicm on the cycle, nor have I attempted a comprehensive comparison of the poem with any of Tennyson's sources. The first chapter is based on A. Fowler's study of genres and I follow the implications of his work in my reading of the Idylls. Tennyson blends various generic strands in his cycle, in particular allegory, epic, dramatic monologue and the Alexandrian idyll, to create a complex psychological allegory of epic scope which both draws on traditional genres and extends them. I believe the Idylls should be read as a cycle and in the order in which Tennyson finally presented them; the ordering process is as much part of the creative process as the actual act of composition. I have adopted Priestley's sensible division of the twelve poems which he says "falls naturally into three groups of four, corresponding closely to the three acts of modern drama" (1960, p.252-254)" The second chapter begins the sequential examination of the first four "spring" and "summer" poems beginning with the symbolic The Coming of Arthur. This idyll begins Tennyson's Arthurian mythopoeia, creating a poetic kingdom of the mind. The "act" closes with the Geraint and Enid idylls, all four works in this section ending happily. The third chapter deals with the idylls which plot the corrupting and ever-widening influence of the adulterous relationship of Lancelot and Guinevere, one cause of the destruction of the institution of the Round Table. Other causes of the demise of Arthur's order are the pernicious influences of the evil Vivien and Modred and the meaningless and sterile spirituality that prompts the quest of The Holy Grail. The last four idylls chart the final collapse of Arthur's realm, the utter disillusionment of individual idealism - personified by Pelleas, an anachronistic spring figure who appears in Camelot's bleak and hostile winter - and the complete social decay which is demonstrated by the fiasco of The Last Tournament. The tragic denouement of the cycle, on both individual and social levels, is evident in Guinevere, in which Arthur's wretched and traitorous queen understands Arthur's vision, but too late to save Camelot from ruin. In the final framing idyll, The Passing of Arthur, Tennyson's myth is elevated to the level of universal significance, the Idylls of the King becoming "not the history of one man or one generation but of a whole cycle of generations" (Memoir, ii, p.127).
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An examination of psychological issues in the pregnancy and birth process with reference to personal responsibility and control
- Authors: Selwyn-Cross, Halina
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Childbirth -- Psychological aspects Pregnancy -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2898 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002062
- Description: This study examines the psychological issues of personal responsibility and control in the childbirth process. It examines the implications of the woman's preparation process and the choices she makes during pregnancy and childbirth. It also explores the way in which the birthing environment and the woman's interpersonal relationships affect her experience of personal control within the context of the childbirth period. Use was made of the case study research design. This qualitative design involved indepth exploration, of cases in which the women had recently given birth to their first child in the local hospital of a small town. The data analysis involved the use of a "reading guide", established by the researcher to allow for the examination of the data specifically in terms of the themes in question. Within the study the importance and value of the woman's accurate and sufficient preparation for the birth was seen to facilitate a realistic sense of predictability, which led to an increased awareness and ability of the woman to remain in control. This, along with the active participation of the husband and supportive network in the hospital, allowed for a sharing of the responsibility within the labour situation. This taking and appropriately yielding of control and responsibility had positive effects on the woman's experience of the event and for initial mother-infant bonding
- Full Text:
- Authors: Selwyn-Cross, Halina
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Childbirth -- Psychological aspects Pregnancy -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2898 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002062
- Description: This study examines the psychological issues of personal responsibility and control in the childbirth process. It examines the implications of the woman's preparation process and the choices she makes during pregnancy and childbirth. It also explores the way in which the birthing environment and the woman's interpersonal relationships affect her experience of personal control within the context of the childbirth period. Use was made of the case study research design. This qualitative design involved indepth exploration, of cases in which the women had recently given birth to their first child in the local hospital of a small town. The data analysis involved the use of a "reading guide", established by the researcher to allow for the examination of the data specifically in terms of the themes in question. Within the study the importance and value of the woman's accurate and sufficient preparation for the birth was seen to facilitate a realistic sense of predictability, which led to an increased awareness and ability of the woman to remain in control. This, along with the active participation of the husband and supportive network in the hospital, allowed for a sharing of the responsibility within the labour situation. This taking and appropriately yielding of control and responsibility had positive effects on the woman's experience of the event and for initial mother-infant bonding
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An exploration of high self control scores among South African university students
- Authors: Riordan, Janet Susan
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: College students -- South AFrica -- Psychology , Self-control , Self-control -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2902 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002066
- Description: The Rosenbaum Self Control Schedule is a self-report instrument developed to assess individual tendencies to apply self-control methods to the solution of behavioral problems. Tested on Hebrews and English-speaking Americans, it was found to transfer easily from one situation to the other. When administered in a battery of self-report questionnaires to South African university students it was found that while means of the total sample were similar to those reported overseas, the means of black and white students within the sample were significantly different from each other, with black students having higher self-control scores than the white students in the study and higher than those reported in previous studies. The study was repeated in this research project using a larger group of black students. The finding of significantly higher self-control scores was replicated. This finding was not due to response set, either acquiescence or social desirability, although black subjects were found to be more subject to social desirability response set. Distributions of the samples showed a group of low scoring white subjects for which there was no equal in the black sample. The findings suggest that black university students in South Africa have high levels of learned resoursefulness. This may be due to a selection process reflecting the relative difficulty with which black students reach university level - difficulties relating to student unrest, educational and financial limitations and economic and social drawbacks so that only those students with moderate to exceptional levels of problem solving stategy skills do succeed. Such individuals should be good candidates for cognitive therapies. Item and factor analyses showed the SCS to be psychometrically adequate for the white group but were much less conclusive for the black sample. In this group, a lower Cronbach's alpha was obtained and the factor analysis was less clear.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Riordan, Janet Susan
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: College students -- South AFrica -- Psychology , Self-control , Self-control -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2902 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002066
- Description: The Rosenbaum Self Control Schedule is a self-report instrument developed to assess individual tendencies to apply self-control methods to the solution of behavioral problems. Tested on Hebrews and English-speaking Americans, it was found to transfer easily from one situation to the other. When administered in a battery of self-report questionnaires to South African university students it was found that while means of the total sample were similar to those reported overseas, the means of black and white students within the sample were significantly different from each other, with black students having higher self-control scores than the white students in the study and higher than those reported in previous studies. The study was repeated in this research project using a larger group of black students. The finding of significantly higher self-control scores was replicated. This finding was not due to response set, either acquiescence or social desirability, although black subjects were found to be more subject to social desirability response set. Distributions of the samples showed a group of low scoring white subjects for which there was no equal in the black sample. The findings suggest that black university students in South Africa have high levels of learned resoursefulness. This may be due to a selection process reflecting the relative difficulty with which black students reach university level - difficulties relating to student unrest, educational and financial limitations and economic and social drawbacks so that only those students with moderate to exceptional levels of problem solving stategy skills do succeed. Such individuals should be good candidates for cognitive therapies. Item and factor analyses showed the SCS to be psychometrically adequate for the white group but were much less conclusive for the black sample. In this group, a lower Cronbach's alpha was obtained and the factor analysis was less clear.
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An investigation of the interrelationship between group commitment, religiosity, marital adjustment and attitude to divorce in the Jewish ethnic group
- Authors: Miller, Bernice
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Jews -- Psychology , Judaism , Jews -- Attitudes , Ethnicity , Marriage (Jewish law) , Divorce (Jewish law)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3019 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002528 , Jews -- Psychology , Judaism , Jews -- Attitudes , Ethnicity , Marriage (Jewish law) , Divorce (Jewish law)
- Description: The purpose of this research was to investigate the interrelationships between marital adjustment, group commitment, religiosity and attitude to divorce in the Jewish group. It amounted to a within group empirical study of the Jewish community of Cape Town. Research, to date, has focused on marital stability where researchers have found that Jews have lower divorce rates than the general population. The present study attempted to assess the psycho-social outcomes of group commitment in the form of marital adjustment, thus bridging the gap between marital quality and marital stability in the Jewish group. On a wider level, the purpose of this research was to assess whether a social structural framework, utilizing the concept of social integration, is a perspective that can be used in explaining variations in marital adjustment. The following were the findings of the research : Religiosity was correlated to group commitment but not to marital adjustment; group commitment was correlated to marital adjustment; a negative attitude to divorce was not correlated to marital adjustment, group commitment or religiosity.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Miller, Bernice
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Jews -- Psychology , Judaism , Jews -- Attitudes , Ethnicity , Marriage (Jewish law) , Divorce (Jewish law)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3019 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002528 , Jews -- Psychology , Judaism , Jews -- Attitudes , Ethnicity , Marriage (Jewish law) , Divorce (Jewish law)
- Description: The purpose of this research was to investigate the interrelationships between marital adjustment, group commitment, religiosity and attitude to divorce in the Jewish group. It amounted to a within group empirical study of the Jewish community of Cape Town. Research, to date, has focused on marital stability where researchers have found that Jews have lower divorce rates than the general population. The present study attempted to assess the psycho-social outcomes of group commitment in the form of marital adjustment, thus bridging the gap between marital quality and marital stability in the Jewish group. On a wider level, the purpose of this research was to assess whether a social structural framework, utilizing the concept of social integration, is a perspective that can be used in explaining variations in marital adjustment. The following were the findings of the research : Religiosity was correlated to group commitment but not to marital adjustment; group commitment was correlated to marital adjustment; a negative attitude to divorce was not correlated to marital adjustment, group commitment or religiosity.
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An investigation of the romantic ballet in its sociocultural context in Paris and London, 1830 to 1850
- Authors: Osborne, Jane
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Ballet -- France -- Paris , Ballet -- England -- London , Ballet -- History -- 19th century , Ballet -- Sociological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2126 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002028
- Description: Historians have made a considerable contribution to the study of the Romantic ballet in terms of chronological development, the Romantic movement in the arts and the contribution of specific dancers and choreographers; very little research has been attempted to date on the interrelationship between the dance form and the wide range of human experience of the period. This holistic approach provides insight into form, content and stagecraft; political, economic and social influences; the prevailing artistic aesthetic and cultural climate; sex, gender and class issues; and the priorities, value system and nuances of the times. Recent work by historians and social scientists (eg Brinson 1981, Adshead 1983, Spencer 1985, Hanna 1988, Garafola 1989) advocates a recognition of the role of social and cultural systems in the evaluation of dance. This approach further ackowledges the equal status of all cultures, and has opened up areas of African performing dance in cultural systems outside the west. My parallel investigation of the gumboot dance in its South African context, which appears in Appendix B, provides an example. The first half of the nineteenth century was characterized by the disruptive beginnings of the emergent industrial world, centred in Paris and London; and the Romantic ballet tradition reached its greatest heights at this time. Chapter one establishes the political, economic, social and artistic environment, and identifies middle class dominance as a key factor. Chapters two and three focus primarily on the three great ballets of the age, La Sylphide, 1832, Giselie, 1841, and Pas de Quatre, 1845, as expressions of the essential duality of the times, and of Romantic synaesthesia in the arts, which enabled them to transcend the pedestrian bourgeois materialism of faciliatators and audience. Chapter four examines the images of the idealized ballerina and the 'Victorian' middle class woman in relation to bourgeois male attitudes to female sexuality, gender and class. The conclusion sums up the themes of duality, middle class influence, and the Romantic aesthetic, and discusses the prevalent notion that this period was identified as a 'golden age' of the Romantic ballet.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Osborne, Jane
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Ballet -- France -- Paris , Ballet -- England -- London , Ballet -- History -- 19th century , Ballet -- Sociological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2126 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002028
- Description: Historians have made a considerable contribution to the study of the Romantic ballet in terms of chronological development, the Romantic movement in the arts and the contribution of specific dancers and choreographers; very little research has been attempted to date on the interrelationship between the dance form and the wide range of human experience of the period. This holistic approach provides insight into form, content and stagecraft; political, economic and social influences; the prevailing artistic aesthetic and cultural climate; sex, gender and class issues; and the priorities, value system and nuances of the times. Recent work by historians and social scientists (eg Brinson 1981, Adshead 1983, Spencer 1985, Hanna 1988, Garafola 1989) advocates a recognition of the role of social and cultural systems in the evaluation of dance. This approach further ackowledges the equal status of all cultures, and has opened up areas of African performing dance in cultural systems outside the west. My parallel investigation of the gumboot dance in its South African context, which appears in Appendix B, provides an example. The first half of the nineteenth century was characterized by the disruptive beginnings of the emergent industrial world, centred in Paris and London; and the Romantic ballet tradition reached its greatest heights at this time. Chapter one establishes the political, economic, social and artistic environment, and identifies middle class dominance as a key factor. Chapters two and three focus primarily on the three great ballets of the age, La Sylphide, 1832, Giselie, 1841, and Pas de Quatre, 1845, as expressions of the essential duality of the times, and of Romantic synaesthesia in the arts, which enabled them to transcend the pedestrian bourgeois materialism of faciliatators and audience. Chapter four examines the images of the idealized ballerina and the 'Victorian' middle class woman in relation to bourgeois male attitudes to female sexuality, gender and class. The conclusion sums up the themes of duality, middle class influence, and the Romantic aesthetic, and discusses the prevalent notion that this period was identified as a 'golden age' of the Romantic ballet.
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An investigation of the significance of learned helplessness on membership participation in co-operative movements
- Authors: Norman, Paul Deon
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Learned helplessness , Psychology , Black people -- South Africa , Attributional Style Questionnaire , Partician Index , Co-operatives , Helplessness (Psychology) , Black people -- Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2895 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002059
- Description: In this study the psychological phenomenon of learned helplessness is investigated to determine its significance as a characteristic of members of progressive co-operatives within the South African context. Most of the members of these co-operatives are black South Africans. It is argued that because of the country's racial policy, many of the members have become accustomed to a passive response to events in their lives and this gives rise to their failure to utilise the freedom and opportunities of the co-operative structure. The researcher hypothesises that this passive response could be explained in terms of a high level of learned helplessness among co-operative members. Two hypotheses are investigated in this study: Hypothesis 1: Passive co-operative members will have higher levels of learned helplessness than active members. Hypothesis 2:The level of learned helplessness decreases as the length of co-operative members involvement increases. Data collection for this study was carried out by combining a personal interview and a standardised questionnaire (the Attributional Style Questionnaire). To distinguish between the passive and active members, a Participation Index was constructed. The ASQ was translated into Xhosa, adapted for the sample and two translators were employed to conduct the interviews in Xhosa. The sample consisted of 50 black South Africans, many with limited education and was drawn from six co-operatives in the Eastern Cape. No significant differences were found between the active and passive groups in terms of their levels of learned helplessness. Furthermore, the length of involvement in the co-operative had no effect on the level of learned helplessness. No support was found therefore for Hypothesis l and 2. A significant difference, however, was found between active and passive members and the number of months of involvement. This suggests that the length of involvement has an effect on how active members will be in the co-operative. The results of this study indicate that generally the sample does not suffer from learned helplessness. It is argued that Hypothesis 2 is not supported due to confounding variables. The study raises many doubts as to the reliability of the ASQ and the Participation Index used in the study.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Norman, Paul Deon
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Learned helplessness , Psychology , Black people -- South Africa , Attributional Style Questionnaire , Partician Index , Co-operatives , Helplessness (Psychology) , Black people -- Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2895 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002059
- Description: In this study the psychological phenomenon of learned helplessness is investigated to determine its significance as a characteristic of members of progressive co-operatives within the South African context. Most of the members of these co-operatives are black South Africans. It is argued that because of the country's racial policy, many of the members have become accustomed to a passive response to events in their lives and this gives rise to their failure to utilise the freedom and opportunities of the co-operative structure. The researcher hypothesises that this passive response could be explained in terms of a high level of learned helplessness among co-operative members. Two hypotheses are investigated in this study: Hypothesis 1: Passive co-operative members will have higher levels of learned helplessness than active members. Hypothesis 2:The level of learned helplessness decreases as the length of co-operative members involvement increases. Data collection for this study was carried out by combining a personal interview and a standardised questionnaire (the Attributional Style Questionnaire). To distinguish between the passive and active members, a Participation Index was constructed. The ASQ was translated into Xhosa, adapted for the sample and two translators were employed to conduct the interviews in Xhosa. The sample consisted of 50 black South Africans, many with limited education and was drawn from six co-operatives in the Eastern Cape. No significant differences were found between the active and passive groups in terms of their levels of learned helplessness. Furthermore, the length of involvement in the co-operative had no effect on the level of learned helplessness. No support was found therefore for Hypothesis l and 2. A significant difference, however, was found between active and passive members and the number of months of involvement. This suggests that the length of involvement has an effect on how active members will be in the co-operative. The results of this study indicate that generally the sample does not suffer from learned helplessness. It is argued that Hypothesis 2 is not supported due to confounding variables. The study raises many doubts as to the reliability of the ASQ and the Participation Index used in the study.
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Bantu education: the black teacher's lived experience of conflict
- Ramabulana, Ronald Thifulufhelwi
- Authors: Ramabulana, Ronald Thifulufhelwi
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Conflict (Psychology) , Teachers, Black -- Psychology Case studies , Teachers, Black -- South Africa , Education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3039 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002548 , Conflict (Psychology) , Teachers, Black -- Psychology Case studies , Teachers, Black -- South Africa , Education -- South Africa
- Description: This work is a descriptive phenomenological study of the experience of conflict that is lived by black teachers in the Bantu Education context. Subjects are teachers from the East Rand and Eastern Cape who have high school teaching experience that ranges from 1 to 15 years. The conflict researched was defined as those situations in which the teacher faced demands or expectations from different interest groups which were incompatible or negated each other. The Subjects of this research were six teachers who were interviewed for case material. The phenomenological case study design was used. Data collection consisted of in-depth interviews while analysis followed the phenomenological method developed at Duquesne University. This was an exploratory study which identified two major forms of conflict. The first exists between the teacher's expectation of teaching and the education authorities' expectation of how and what the teacher should teach in lessons. The second form of conflict identified is that in which the teacher's allegiance to one social group or ideology is violated by the teacher's participation in a system of education that negates his/her view about the South African sociopolitical situation. In the latter case the teacher is forced to comply with commitments or demands placed on him/her which negate each other. Van den Berg's theory of plural existence was used to inform data analysis and so was the theory of cognitive change and inconsistency.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ramabulana, Ronald Thifulufhelwi
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Conflict (Psychology) , Teachers, Black -- Psychology Case studies , Teachers, Black -- South Africa , Education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3039 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002548 , Conflict (Psychology) , Teachers, Black -- Psychology Case studies , Teachers, Black -- South Africa , Education -- South Africa
- Description: This work is a descriptive phenomenological study of the experience of conflict that is lived by black teachers in the Bantu Education context. Subjects are teachers from the East Rand and Eastern Cape who have high school teaching experience that ranges from 1 to 15 years. The conflict researched was defined as those situations in which the teacher faced demands or expectations from different interest groups which were incompatible or negated each other. The Subjects of this research were six teachers who were interviewed for case material. The phenomenological case study design was used. Data collection consisted of in-depth interviews while analysis followed the phenomenological method developed at Duquesne University. This was an exploratory study which identified two major forms of conflict. The first exists between the teacher's expectation of teaching and the education authorities' expectation of how and what the teacher should teach in lessons. The second form of conflict identified is that in which the teacher's allegiance to one social group or ideology is violated by the teacher's participation in a system of education that negates his/her view about the South African sociopolitical situation. In the latter case the teacher is forced to comply with commitments or demands placed on him/her which negate each other. Van den Berg's theory of plural existence was used to inform data analysis and so was the theory of cognitive change and inconsistency.
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Cecil Rhodes, the Glen Grey Act, and the labour question in the politics of the Cape Colony
- Authors: Thompson, Richard James
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Rhodes, Cecil, 1853-1902 Labor policy -- South Africa -- History Labor supply -- South Africa -- History Black people -- Employment -- South Africa -- History Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1872-1910 Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- Politics and government -- 1872-1910
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2562 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002415
- Description: Chapter One: The provisions of the Glen Grey Act of 1894 are summarised. The memoirs of contemporaries are discussed and the historical literature on the Act from 1913 to the present is surveyed. The likelihood of the land tenure provisions of the Act forcing the people of Glen Grey (or the people of other districts that came under the operation of the Act) to seek employment is noted. It is evident that there is an increasing emphasis in the literature on labour concerns rather than on the disenfranchising effects and local government provisions of the Act. It is often assumed that the labour force generated by the Act was meant for the Transvaal gold mines. Chapter Two: The relevance of the labour needs of the Indwe collieries is investigated. These mines lay adjacent to Glen Grey and might have been expected to draw their labour thence if the Act had been effective. Rhodes, the author of the Act and prime minister of the Cape, had bought shares in the collieries for De Beers shortly before the Act was passed, which made a possible connection more intriguing. No causal link between De Beers' interests and the Act could be demonstrated; nor do the collieries seem to have employed many people from Glen Grey. Chapter Three: Examines the Cape colonists' complaints about shortage of labour from 1807 to the eve of the Glen Grey Act, and investigates various official measures to promote the labour supply. The Glen Grey Act was not the first labour measure passed at the Cape, and it seems likely, therefore, that the labour needs of the Cape, rather than the Transvaal, were uppermost in the minds of those responsible for the Act. Chapter Four examines Rhodes's political position in the 1890s and shows him to be increasingly dependent on the parliamentary support of the Afrikaner Bond to stay in office. Since the Bond was an agricultural interest group it seems likely that labour for Cape farms, rather than Transvaal gold mines, was what the Act was supposed to provide. With that Rhodes could readily agree, since he wanted to promote the agricultural development of the Cape. However, the Bond wanted to be able to buy land in Glen Grey (and other district in which the Act was proclaimed). Rhodes wanted to keep such districts as 'reservoirs of labour' so he could not give the Bond all of what they wanted, i.e. Glen Grey titles to be alienable. His manoeuvring to keep the Bond supporting the Bill while not making the land readily salable is described. (In the end the land was alienable with the consent of the government -- consent that a Rhodes ministry would not give, but that another might.) Rhodes's desire to obtain the administration of Bechuanaland for his Chartered Company, and his need therefore to reassure the Colonial Office and humanitarian opinion that he could be trusted to rule over blacks, are pointed out as other possible motivations for the Act, which Rhodes tried hard to present as an enlightened piece of legislation. The course of the Act through the Cape parliament, and the opposition of Cape liberals to the Act, is described. Chapter Five: The mentalité of the Cape colonists as regards race, liquor, land tenure and other political issues is described. Chapter Six: The reaction to the Act of Cape blacks and sympathetic whites, British humanitarians and the Colonial Office is described. The contemporary concern with reserving land for blacks is noted, as well as concern over the morality of economically coerced labour. This is in contrast to the modern concentration on labour almost to the exclusion of other issues in regard to the Glen Grey Act. The unsuccessful efforts of Cape blacks and British humanitarians to have the imperial government veto the Act are described. Rhodes's influence over the Colonial Office is described.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Thompson, Richard James
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Rhodes, Cecil, 1853-1902 Labor policy -- South Africa -- History Labor supply -- South Africa -- History Black people -- Employment -- South Africa -- History Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1872-1910 Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- Politics and government -- 1872-1910
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2562 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002415
- Description: Chapter One: The provisions of the Glen Grey Act of 1894 are summarised. The memoirs of contemporaries are discussed and the historical literature on the Act from 1913 to the present is surveyed. The likelihood of the land tenure provisions of the Act forcing the people of Glen Grey (or the people of other districts that came under the operation of the Act) to seek employment is noted. It is evident that there is an increasing emphasis in the literature on labour concerns rather than on the disenfranchising effects and local government provisions of the Act. It is often assumed that the labour force generated by the Act was meant for the Transvaal gold mines. Chapter Two: The relevance of the labour needs of the Indwe collieries is investigated. These mines lay adjacent to Glen Grey and might have been expected to draw their labour thence if the Act had been effective. Rhodes, the author of the Act and prime minister of the Cape, had bought shares in the collieries for De Beers shortly before the Act was passed, which made a possible connection more intriguing. No causal link between De Beers' interests and the Act could be demonstrated; nor do the collieries seem to have employed many people from Glen Grey. Chapter Three: Examines the Cape colonists' complaints about shortage of labour from 1807 to the eve of the Glen Grey Act, and investigates various official measures to promote the labour supply. The Glen Grey Act was not the first labour measure passed at the Cape, and it seems likely, therefore, that the labour needs of the Cape, rather than the Transvaal, were uppermost in the minds of those responsible for the Act. Chapter Four examines Rhodes's political position in the 1890s and shows him to be increasingly dependent on the parliamentary support of the Afrikaner Bond to stay in office. Since the Bond was an agricultural interest group it seems likely that labour for Cape farms, rather than Transvaal gold mines, was what the Act was supposed to provide. With that Rhodes could readily agree, since he wanted to promote the agricultural development of the Cape. However, the Bond wanted to be able to buy land in Glen Grey (and other district in which the Act was proclaimed). Rhodes wanted to keep such districts as 'reservoirs of labour' so he could not give the Bond all of what they wanted, i.e. Glen Grey titles to be alienable. His manoeuvring to keep the Bond supporting the Bill while not making the land readily salable is described. (In the end the land was alienable with the consent of the government -- consent that a Rhodes ministry would not give, but that another might.) Rhodes's desire to obtain the administration of Bechuanaland for his Chartered Company, and his need therefore to reassure the Colonial Office and humanitarian opinion that he could be trusted to rule over blacks, are pointed out as other possible motivations for the Act, which Rhodes tried hard to present as an enlightened piece of legislation. The course of the Act through the Cape parliament, and the opposition of Cape liberals to the Act, is described. Chapter Five: The mentalité of the Cape colonists as regards race, liquor, land tenure and other political issues is described. Chapter Six: The reaction to the Act of Cape blacks and sympathetic whites, British humanitarians and the Colonial Office is described. The contemporary concern with reserving land for blacks is noted, as well as concern over the morality of economically coerced labour. This is in contrast to the modern concentration on labour almost to the exclusion of other issues in regard to the Glen Grey Act. The unsuccessful efforts of Cape blacks and British humanitarians to have the imperial government veto the Act are described. Rhodes's influence over the Colonial Office is described.
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Difficulties in psychotherapy with a residual schizophrenic
- Authors: Schock, Sandra Lynn
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Schizophrenics , Schizophrenia -- Treatment , Psychotherapy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3149 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007457 , Schizophrenics , Schizophrenia -- Treatment , Psychotherapy
- Description: This work addresses some of the difficulties encountered while working in psychotherapy with a residual schizophrenic. While there is an abundance of literature on psychotherapy for schizophrenia, both supporting and also refuting its merit, what the literature fails to reveal is that there appears to be a class of schizophrenic who, while apsychotic and able to communicate in the everyday sense of the word, is in a psychic space which speaks of a break with the basic relational elements of the human order. The quality of the patient's psychic life is such that almost nothing of what the literature describes as useful and appropriate in working with schizophrenics seems to help in the psychotherapeutic work with this type of patient. This study describes these issues with relevance to a particular residual schizophrenic. The Illustrative-didactic case-study method was used to discuss the four-and- a-half month psychotherapy with this patient. The patient's early developmental history, premorbid personality functioning, family and interpersonal relationships, mental state, diagnosis and a rationale for psychotherapy were presented and considered in detail. The structure of the psychotherapeutic process was reviewed in depth. The hermeneutic guidelines to understanding the case were drawn from Object-Relations Psychoanalytic theory, particularly Balint, Khan, Karon & VandenBos, Bollas, Romanyshyn, Perry, Symington, Fordham and others. Various psychic and personality features, as unveiled through the psychotherapeutic process, were elaborated and the implications of these for the therapeutic endeavour were considered as follows: Firstly, the psychic space of the patient, which precluded mirroring, symbolization find object-relationship - and which made psychotherapy untenable, was discussed. Secondly, therapeutic ambivalence and other counter-transference issues were reviewed. Thirdly, the shadow sides of both therapeutic optimism and of psychotherapeutic change were considered. Fourthly, the issues of therapeutic failure and of other treatment possibilities for a residual schizophrenic patient were examined. It was concluded that there needs to be an important countertransference shift with regard to the psychotherapeutic goals for those patients whose condition may be chronic, and for whom it appears that psychotherapy is not going to be of any therapeutic benefit - find where an 'empathic accompaniment' might be as much as it is possible to hope for or achieve.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Schock, Sandra Lynn
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Schizophrenics , Schizophrenia -- Treatment , Psychotherapy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3149 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007457 , Schizophrenics , Schizophrenia -- Treatment , Psychotherapy
- Description: This work addresses some of the difficulties encountered while working in psychotherapy with a residual schizophrenic. While there is an abundance of literature on psychotherapy for schizophrenia, both supporting and also refuting its merit, what the literature fails to reveal is that there appears to be a class of schizophrenic who, while apsychotic and able to communicate in the everyday sense of the word, is in a psychic space which speaks of a break with the basic relational elements of the human order. The quality of the patient's psychic life is such that almost nothing of what the literature describes as useful and appropriate in working with schizophrenics seems to help in the psychotherapeutic work with this type of patient. This study describes these issues with relevance to a particular residual schizophrenic. The Illustrative-didactic case-study method was used to discuss the four-and- a-half month psychotherapy with this patient. The patient's early developmental history, premorbid personality functioning, family and interpersonal relationships, mental state, diagnosis and a rationale for psychotherapy were presented and considered in detail. The structure of the psychotherapeutic process was reviewed in depth. The hermeneutic guidelines to understanding the case were drawn from Object-Relations Psychoanalytic theory, particularly Balint, Khan, Karon & VandenBos, Bollas, Romanyshyn, Perry, Symington, Fordham and others. Various psychic and personality features, as unveiled through the psychotherapeutic process, were elaborated and the implications of these for the therapeutic endeavour were considered as follows: Firstly, the psychic space of the patient, which precluded mirroring, symbolization find object-relationship - and which made psychotherapy untenable, was discussed. Secondly, therapeutic ambivalence and other counter-transference issues were reviewed. Thirdly, the shadow sides of both therapeutic optimism and of psychotherapeutic change were considered. Fourthly, the issues of therapeutic failure and of other treatment possibilities for a residual schizophrenic patient were examined. It was concluded that there needs to be an important countertransference shift with regard to the psychotherapeutic goals for those patients whose condition may be chronic, and for whom it appears that psychotherapy is not going to be of any therapeutic benefit - find where an 'empathic accompaniment' might be as much as it is possible to hope for or achieve.
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Feministiese vertelstrategieë in 'n metafiksionele teks van Jeanne Goosen
- Authors: Mackenzie, Leonore
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Goosen, Jeanne Afrikaans fiction -- 20th century -- History and criticism Feminism and literature
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3576 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002100
- Description: Die roman Ons is nie almal so nie (1990) deur Jeanne Goosen word aangebied in 'n realistiese (oftewel tradisionele) vertelvorm. Feministiese vakkundigheid verwys na die narratiewe tipe as patriargaal of fallosentries. As sodanig, is daar 'n ingrypende verskil tussen die vertelwyse van hierdie teks en die van die outeur se vroeere tekste. Hierdie verskuiwing dien as stimulus vir 'n evaluasie van bogenoemde teks binne 'n raamwerk van die feministiese literere teorie en kritiek. Genoemde verskuiwing beteken ook 'n behoefte na 'n ondersoek van die feministiese literatuur en vakkunde in verhouding tot die heersende manlike "stem" van tradisionele redevoering. Dit word beklemtoon dat elkeen van die feministiese teoretiese standpunte die onvoorwaardelike politieke doelstellings van alle feministiese tekste aan die lig bring. Daar word onder andere te kenne gegee dat patriargale mag nie net op persoonlike vlak voorkom nie, maar ook op die vlak van instellings en sosiale gebruike. Patriargale beheer is dus nie 'n onveranderliknatuurlike gegewe nie; dit is vatbaar vir teoretiese analise en praktiese wysiging. Vanwee die feministiese literere teoriee se preokkupasie met patriargale mag, word hierdie teoriee dikwels gekritiseer as synde onbetrokke by strydvrae ten opsigte van rassisme en klasseverdeling. Dit word erken dat die feministiese literere kritiek die geskil met betrekking tot seksisme moet transendeer; dat die toekoms van die feministiese literere teoriee gelee is in 'n deurdringende gesprekvoering met materialisme. Dit is die uitdruklike doelstelling van die marxisties-feministiese kritiese standpunt om rekening te hou, nie net met vraagpunte ten opsigte van taal en "gender" nie, maar ook van klas en ras. Goosen se teks is besonder ontvanklik vir 'n ondersoek van hierdie verwante probleme. * * * The novel Ons is nie almal so nie (1990) by Jeanne Goosen is presented in a realistic (or traditional) narrative form. In feminist terms this narrative form is referred to as patriarchal or phallocentric. As such, the text differs radically from the narrative mode in which the author's previous texts are presented. This shift invites an assessment of the text within a framework of feminist theory and criticism. Moreover, it indicates the need for an investigation into the relationship of feminist literature and scholarship to the dominant male voice of traditional discourse. It is stressed that each of the feminist theoretical positions reveals the unreservedly political purpose of all feminist writing. It is further suggested that patriarchal power exists in institutions and social practices, not merely in individual intentions. Patriarchal power is therefore not a part of immutable nature, but open to effective theoretical analyses and practical change. Due to their preoccupation with patriarchal power, feminist literary theories are often criticised as being blind to issues of race and/or class. It is recognised that feminist literary theory must transcend the issue of sexism; that its future lies in a far more articulated dialogue with materialism. The express purpose of the marxist-feminist critical position is to take into account questions not only of language and gender, but also of class and race. Goosen's text is particularly receptive to an exploration of these interrelated problems.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mackenzie, Leonore
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Goosen, Jeanne Afrikaans fiction -- 20th century -- History and criticism Feminism and literature
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3576 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002100
- Description: Die roman Ons is nie almal so nie (1990) deur Jeanne Goosen word aangebied in 'n realistiese (oftewel tradisionele) vertelvorm. Feministiese vakkundigheid verwys na die narratiewe tipe as patriargaal of fallosentries. As sodanig, is daar 'n ingrypende verskil tussen die vertelwyse van hierdie teks en die van die outeur se vroeere tekste. Hierdie verskuiwing dien as stimulus vir 'n evaluasie van bogenoemde teks binne 'n raamwerk van die feministiese literere teorie en kritiek. Genoemde verskuiwing beteken ook 'n behoefte na 'n ondersoek van die feministiese literatuur en vakkunde in verhouding tot die heersende manlike "stem" van tradisionele redevoering. Dit word beklemtoon dat elkeen van die feministiese teoretiese standpunte die onvoorwaardelike politieke doelstellings van alle feministiese tekste aan die lig bring. Daar word onder andere te kenne gegee dat patriargale mag nie net op persoonlike vlak voorkom nie, maar ook op die vlak van instellings en sosiale gebruike. Patriargale beheer is dus nie 'n onveranderliknatuurlike gegewe nie; dit is vatbaar vir teoretiese analise en praktiese wysiging. Vanwee die feministiese literere teoriee se preokkupasie met patriargale mag, word hierdie teoriee dikwels gekritiseer as synde onbetrokke by strydvrae ten opsigte van rassisme en klasseverdeling. Dit word erken dat die feministiese literere kritiek die geskil met betrekking tot seksisme moet transendeer; dat die toekoms van die feministiese literere teoriee gelee is in 'n deurdringende gesprekvoering met materialisme. Dit is die uitdruklike doelstelling van die marxisties-feministiese kritiese standpunt om rekening te hou, nie net met vraagpunte ten opsigte van taal en "gender" nie, maar ook van klas en ras. Goosen se teks is besonder ontvanklik vir 'n ondersoek van hierdie verwante probleme. * * * The novel Ons is nie almal so nie (1990) by Jeanne Goosen is presented in a realistic (or traditional) narrative form. In feminist terms this narrative form is referred to as patriarchal or phallocentric. As such, the text differs radically from the narrative mode in which the author's previous texts are presented. This shift invites an assessment of the text within a framework of feminist theory and criticism. Moreover, it indicates the need for an investigation into the relationship of feminist literature and scholarship to the dominant male voice of traditional discourse. It is stressed that each of the feminist theoretical positions reveals the unreservedly political purpose of all feminist writing. It is further suggested that patriarchal power exists in institutions and social practices, not merely in individual intentions. Patriarchal power is therefore not a part of immutable nature, but open to effective theoretical analyses and practical change. Due to their preoccupation with patriarchal power, feminist literary theories are often criticised as being blind to issues of race and/or class. It is recognised that feminist literary theory must transcend the issue of sexism; that its future lies in a far more articulated dialogue with materialism. The express purpose of the marxist-feminist critical position is to take into account questions not only of language and gender, but also of class and race. Goosen's text is particularly receptive to an exploration of these interrelated problems.
- Full Text:
Land expropriation and labour extraction under Cape colonial rule : the war of 1835 and the "emancipation" of the Fingo
- Authors: Webster, Alan Charles
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Ayliff, John, 1797-1862 , Fingo (African people) -- History , Frontier War, 1834-1835 , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1814-1852 , Xhosa (African people) -- History , Gcaleka (African people) -- History , Bantu-speaking peoples -- Migrations , Rharhabe (African people) -- History , Historiography -- South Africa , D'Urban, Benjamin, Sir, 1777-1849 , Land tenure -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope , Working class -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope , Eminent domain -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2572 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002425
- Description: The interpretations of the war of 1835 and the identity of the Fingo that were presented by the English settlers, have remained the mainstays of all subsequent histories. They asserted that the war of 1835 was the fault purely of 'Kaffir' aggression, that it was controlled by Hintza, the paramount chief, and that the ensuing hostilities were justifiable colonial defence and punishment of the Africans. The arrival of the Fingo in the Colony, it was claimed, was unconnected with the war. It was alleged that the seventeen thousand Fingo brought into the Colony in May 1835 were all Natal refugees who had fled south from the devastations of Shaka and the 'mfecane', and who had then become oppressed by their Gca1eka hosts. Both of these 'histories' need to be inverted. The 'irruption' of December 1834 was not unprovoked Rharhabe aggression, but the final response to years of the advance of the Cape Colony. Large areas of Rharhabe land had been expropriated, and their cattle regularly raided. Their women and children had been seized and taken into the Colony as labourers. The attacks were carried out by only a section of the Rharhabe on specific areas in Albany. The damage caused, and stock taken, was vastly exaggerated by the colonists. The Cape Governor, D'Urban, and British troop reinforcements arrived in Albany in January, and the Rharhabe were invaded two months later. D'Urban later invaded the innocent Gcaleka, took cattle, wreaked havoc and killed Hintza after he refused to ally with the Colony. The Fingo made their appearance at this moment. They were not a homogenous group. There were four categories within the term: mission and refugee collaborators (who were given land at Peddie and had chiefs appointed), military auxiliaries, labourers, and later, destitute Rharhabe seeking employment in the Colony. Only a small minority of the total Fingo were from Natal. The majority of the Fingo appear to have been Rharhabe and Gcaleka women and children, captured by the troops during the war and distributed on farms in the eastern districts to ameliorate the chronic labour shortage. Thus, instead of the year 1835 being one of great loss for the eastern Cape, as claimed by the settler apologists, it was a catalyst to the economic development of the area. All Rharhabe land was seized, to be granted as settler farms. Well over sixty thousand Rharhabe and Gcaleka cattle were captured and distributed amongst the colonists. The security threat of the adjacent Rharhabe and the independent Gcaleka was removed. And a large colonial labour supply was ensured.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Webster, Alan Charles
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Ayliff, John, 1797-1862 , Fingo (African people) -- History , Frontier War, 1834-1835 , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1814-1852 , Xhosa (African people) -- History , Gcaleka (African people) -- History , Bantu-speaking peoples -- Migrations , Rharhabe (African people) -- History , Historiography -- South Africa , D'Urban, Benjamin, Sir, 1777-1849 , Land tenure -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope , Working class -- South Africa -- Cape of Good Hope , Eminent domain -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2572 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002425
- Description: The interpretations of the war of 1835 and the identity of the Fingo that were presented by the English settlers, have remained the mainstays of all subsequent histories. They asserted that the war of 1835 was the fault purely of 'Kaffir' aggression, that it was controlled by Hintza, the paramount chief, and that the ensuing hostilities were justifiable colonial defence and punishment of the Africans. The arrival of the Fingo in the Colony, it was claimed, was unconnected with the war. It was alleged that the seventeen thousand Fingo brought into the Colony in May 1835 were all Natal refugees who had fled south from the devastations of Shaka and the 'mfecane', and who had then become oppressed by their Gca1eka hosts. Both of these 'histories' need to be inverted. The 'irruption' of December 1834 was not unprovoked Rharhabe aggression, but the final response to years of the advance of the Cape Colony. Large areas of Rharhabe land had been expropriated, and their cattle regularly raided. Their women and children had been seized and taken into the Colony as labourers. The attacks were carried out by only a section of the Rharhabe on specific areas in Albany. The damage caused, and stock taken, was vastly exaggerated by the colonists. The Cape Governor, D'Urban, and British troop reinforcements arrived in Albany in January, and the Rharhabe were invaded two months later. D'Urban later invaded the innocent Gcaleka, took cattle, wreaked havoc and killed Hintza after he refused to ally with the Colony. The Fingo made their appearance at this moment. They were not a homogenous group. There were four categories within the term: mission and refugee collaborators (who were given land at Peddie and had chiefs appointed), military auxiliaries, labourers, and later, destitute Rharhabe seeking employment in the Colony. Only a small minority of the total Fingo were from Natal. The majority of the Fingo appear to have been Rharhabe and Gcaleka women and children, captured by the troops during the war and distributed on farms in the eastern districts to ameliorate the chronic labour shortage. Thus, instead of the year 1835 being one of great loss for the eastern Cape, as claimed by the settler apologists, it was a catalyst to the economic development of the area. All Rharhabe land was seized, to be granted as settler farms. Well over sixty thousand Rharhabe and Gcaleka cattle were captured and distributed amongst the colonists. The security threat of the adjacent Rharhabe and the independent Gcaleka was removed. And a large colonial labour supply was ensured.
- Full Text:
South African anti-apartheid documentaries 1977-1987: some theoretical excursions
- Authors: Steenveld, Lynette Noreen
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Documentary films -- South Africa -- History and criticism , Apartheid -- South Africa , Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3484 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002939 , Documentary films -- South Africa -- History and criticism , Apartheid -- South Africa , Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa
- Description: This study examines anti-apartheid documentary production in South Africa between 1977 and 1987. These documentaries were produced by a variety of producers in order to record aspects of South Africa's contemporary social history, and as a means of contributing - in some way - to changing the conditions described. While the 'content' of the documentaries is historical and social, and their intention political, this study is aimed at elucidating how a documentary, as a representational system, produces meaning. The study is therefore located within the discourse of film studies. My study is based on the theory that a documentary is the embodiment of several relationships: the relationship between social reality and documentary producers; the social relationships engaged in, in the production of the text; the relationship between the text and its audience 1, and the relationship between the audience and its social context. This informs my methodological approach in which analysis appropriate to each area of study is used. Using secondary sources obtained through standard library research, I pursue social and historical analysis of the 1970s and 1980s in order to contextualise both the producers of the documentaries, and their audience. The social relations of production of a text are examined using material gathered through extensive interviews with the producers and published secondary material. How this impinges on the documentary is ascertained through detailed textual analysis of 30 documentaries. For analytical clarity each chapter focuses on a specific aspect of documentary - although I do show how the various relationships impinge on each other. This research finds that the documentaries faithfully reflect the anti-apartheid ideology dominant in the extra-parliamentary opposition in the period under discussion - to the extent that all forms of consciousness are framed by this discourse. An examination of the textual strategies used shows that they are bound by the conventions of broadcast television. They therefore construct a spectator-text relationship which is not consistent with the political concern that democratic relationships be established as the basis of a post-apartheid society. In other words, there is an inconsistency between the ideology espoused, and the way in which film- and videomakers, in their specialised field of production, practise their politics. This can be attributed to the over-riding political intention of the documentarists 'to record' what is happening, and to establish a popular archive which can be used by extra-parliamentary opposition groups in their struggle against apartheid.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Steenveld, Lynette Noreen
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Documentary films -- South Africa -- History and criticism , Apartheid -- South Africa , Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3484 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002939 , Documentary films -- South Africa -- History and criticism , Apartheid -- South Africa , Anti-apartheid movements -- South Africa
- Description: This study examines anti-apartheid documentary production in South Africa between 1977 and 1987. These documentaries were produced by a variety of producers in order to record aspects of South Africa's contemporary social history, and as a means of contributing - in some way - to changing the conditions described. While the 'content' of the documentaries is historical and social, and their intention political, this study is aimed at elucidating how a documentary, as a representational system, produces meaning. The study is therefore located within the discourse of film studies. My study is based on the theory that a documentary is the embodiment of several relationships: the relationship between social reality and documentary producers; the social relationships engaged in, in the production of the text; the relationship between the text and its audience 1, and the relationship between the audience and its social context. This informs my methodological approach in which analysis appropriate to each area of study is used. Using secondary sources obtained through standard library research, I pursue social and historical analysis of the 1970s and 1980s in order to contextualise both the producers of the documentaries, and their audience. The social relations of production of a text are examined using material gathered through extensive interviews with the producers and published secondary material. How this impinges on the documentary is ascertained through detailed textual analysis of 30 documentaries. For analytical clarity each chapter focuses on a specific aspect of documentary - although I do show how the various relationships impinge on each other. This research finds that the documentaries faithfully reflect the anti-apartheid ideology dominant in the extra-parliamentary opposition in the period under discussion - to the extent that all forms of consciousness are framed by this discourse. An examination of the textual strategies used shows that they are bound by the conventions of broadcast television. They therefore construct a spectator-text relationship which is not consistent with the political concern that democratic relationships be established as the basis of a post-apartheid society. In other words, there is an inconsistency between the ideology espoused, and the way in which film- and videomakers, in their specialised field of production, practise their politics. This can be attributed to the over-riding political intention of the documentarists 'to record' what is happening, and to establish a popular archive which can be used by extra-parliamentary opposition groups in their struggle against apartheid.
- Full Text:
The development, pursuit and maintenance of a South African Antarctic policy : 1926-1988
- Authors: Laverde, René
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Antarctic Treaty -- (1959) , Antarctica -- History , South Africa -- Foreign relations -- Antarctica
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2523 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001852
- Description: Connections between South Africa and Antarctica can be traced as far back as the 1700s when European expeditions in search of the southern continent used Cape Town (and later Simonstown) as a base of operation. This link expanded considerably after formal British acquisition of the Cape of Good Hope in 1815, yet it was not until 1926 that an actual South African policy towards the Antarctic began to materialize. Once this policy was established it continued to be characterized by procrastination as well as resistance both from within and without South Africa. The history of South Africa's Antarctic policy can be divided into five periods: first, the commencement of the policy (focusing primarily on economic interests), 1926-1939; second, the pursuit of interests through the policy (focusing on political interests), 1944- 1958; third, the entrenchment of South Africa's interests in the Antarctic (by securing South Africa's position within the Antarctic Treaty System), 1958-1960; fourth, the expansion of and foreign assault on the policy (under the auspices of the Antarctic Treaty System), 1960-1988; and fifth, the defence of and future prospects for the policy (from United Nation's calls for South Africa's exclusion from the Antarctic Treaty System), since 1982. While resistance from inside and outside the government during the first two periods resulted from inadequacies in the South African Antarctic policy itself, resistance in the final two periods has centred upon non-Antarctic issues. As South Africa has faced ever-increasing exclusion from international governmental organizations over opposition to Its apartheid policies, organizations such as the Antarctic Treaty Organization have inevitably been drawn into the debate. As a result, the Consultative Parties of the Antarctic Treaty (of which South Africa is one of the original twelve) have been forced to deal with the following question: to what extent will political issues outside the scope of the management policies of the Antarctic Treaty Organization be allowed to affect the functioning of the Antarctic Treaty System? While the Consultative Parties continue to ponder this and the fact that South Africa's Consultative Status has become the most divisive factor within the Antarctic Treaty System, no final solutions to these issues appear likely before 1991.
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- Authors: Laverde, René
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Antarctic Treaty -- (1959) , Antarctica -- History , South Africa -- Foreign relations -- Antarctica
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2523 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001852
- Description: Connections between South Africa and Antarctica can be traced as far back as the 1700s when European expeditions in search of the southern continent used Cape Town (and later Simonstown) as a base of operation. This link expanded considerably after formal British acquisition of the Cape of Good Hope in 1815, yet it was not until 1926 that an actual South African policy towards the Antarctic began to materialize. Once this policy was established it continued to be characterized by procrastination as well as resistance both from within and without South Africa. The history of South Africa's Antarctic policy can be divided into five periods: first, the commencement of the policy (focusing primarily on economic interests), 1926-1939; second, the pursuit of interests through the policy (focusing on political interests), 1944- 1958; third, the entrenchment of South Africa's interests in the Antarctic (by securing South Africa's position within the Antarctic Treaty System), 1958-1960; fourth, the expansion of and foreign assault on the policy (under the auspices of the Antarctic Treaty System), 1960-1988; and fifth, the defence of and future prospects for the policy (from United Nation's calls for South Africa's exclusion from the Antarctic Treaty System), since 1982. While resistance from inside and outside the government during the first two periods resulted from inadequacies in the South African Antarctic policy itself, resistance in the final two periods has centred upon non-Antarctic issues. As South Africa has faced ever-increasing exclusion from international governmental organizations over opposition to Its apartheid policies, organizations such as the Antarctic Treaty Organization have inevitably been drawn into the debate. As a result, the Consultative Parties of the Antarctic Treaty (of which South Africa is one of the original twelve) have been forced to deal with the following question: to what extent will political issues outside the scope of the management policies of the Antarctic Treaty Organization be allowed to affect the functioning of the Antarctic Treaty System? While the Consultative Parties continue to ponder this and the fact that South Africa's Consultative Status has become the most divisive factor within the Antarctic Treaty System, no final solutions to these issues appear likely before 1991.
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The hermeneutic value of the Daseinsanalytic approach to dream interpretation in psychotherapy: a case study
- Authors: Oberholzer, Sofia Adriana
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Boss, Medard, 1903-1990 , Dreams -- Psychological aspects -- Case studies , Dream interpretation -- Case studies , Psychotherapy -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3222 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012988
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the hermeneutic value of the Daseinsanalytic approach to dream interpretation in the process of psychotherapy. After delineating the Daseinsanalytic view on dream interpretation, with emphasis on the conceptualization of Medard Boss, the study explores the usefulness and validity of the case study as a method of investigating the content and process of psychotherapy. A psychodynamic formulation of the presenting problem is based on the conceptualization of the nature and etiology of neurosis as delineated by Andras Angyal, with particular reference to the pattern of noncommitment. The dreams included in the case material are then examined to determine to what degree they facilitated insight into the subjective experience and phenomenological existence of the dreamer, and what effect the dream interpretation based on the Daseinsanalytic approach had on the process of therapy. It is established that a phenomenological understanding of the client's dreams corresponds with his subjective experience of his emotional and existential condition, and that positive changes in the content of the dreams during the course of therapy correspond with overt, observable changes in his behaviour, ideation and mood. Based on these findings, the case study leads to the conclusion that the Daseinsanalytic approach to dream interpretation has hermeneutic value in the process of psychotherapy.
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- Authors: Oberholzer, Sofia Adriana
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Boss, Medard, 1903-1990 , Dreams -- Psychological aspects -- Case studies , Dream interpretation -- Case studies , Psychotherapy -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3222 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012988
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the hermeneutic value of the Daseinsanalytic approach to dream interpretation in the process of psychotherapy. After delineating the Daseinsanalytic view on dream interpretation, with emphasis on the conceptualization of Medard Boss, the study explores the usefulness and validity of the case study as a method of investigating the content and process of psychotherapy. A psychodynamic formulation of the presenting problem is based on the conceptualization of the nature and etiology of neurosis as delineated by Andras Angyal, with particular reference to the pattern of noncommitment. The dreams included in the case material are then examined to determine to what degree they facilitated insight into the subjective experience and phenomenological existence of the dreamer, and what effect the dream interpretation based on the Daseinsanalytic approach had on the process of therapy. It is established that a phenomenological understanding of the client's dreams corresponds with his subjective experience of his emotional and existential condition, and that positive changes in the content of the dreams during the course of therapy correspond with overt, observable changes in his behaviour, ideation and mood. Based on these findings, the case study leads to the conclusion that the Daseinsanalytic approach to dream interpretation has hermeneutic value in the process of psychotherapy.
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The informal sector in the Eastern Cape: a case study of New Brighton and Kwamagxaki, Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Sofisa, Thembela Nicholas
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Informal sector (Economics) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Self-employed -- South Africa , New Brighton (Port Elizabeth, South Africa) , Port Elizabeth (South Africa) -- Economic conditions , KwaMagxaki (Port Elizabeth, South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:934 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002667 , Informal sector (Economics) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Self-employed -- South Africa , New Brighton (Port Elizabeth, South Africa) , Port Elizabeth (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Description: Recently, researchers have shown enormous interest in the informal sector due to extensive poverty and rising unemployment trend in the South African economy. These problems have worsened in the Port Elizabeth economy, as most entrepreneurs have scaled down their operations or liquidated their businesses due to a structural decline in the manufacturing sector and periodic recessions in the national economy. Undoubtedly, the informal sector has become a reasonable economic alternative as far as income accumulation and employment generation. The present study shows that the informal sector is characterised mainly by self-employment and also the income from this sector has also improved the standard of living of most sampled households in New Brighton and KwaMagxaki. The aim of this thesis, then, is to evaluate the nature, extent, meaning and influence of the informal sector in the Port Elizabeth Black economy. However, this can only be achieved once the informal sector is placed within the appropriate theoretical framework. This is done by comparing and contrasting the different conceptualisations of the informal sector in the literature. In conclusion, the thesis combines the different conceptualisations of the informal sector in the literature with the empirical evidence from the Port Elizabeth townships' informal sector. The important findings of the study are: The informal sector is mainly characterised by distributive activities than productive activities. Women comprised 62% of the informal sector. Economically-active members of the economy are in the informal sector. Education levels in this sector are relatively low. The informal sector is characterised by one-man businesses with few employees who are also family members. There was no trace of migrants in the informal sector. The informal sector is characterised by linkages. Informal income alleviates conditions of poverty. Policies have to implemented for the development of the informal sector. Twenty-three percent of the households in New Brighton were in the informal sector and only 6% in KwaMagxaki. Although, this study focuses in Port Elizabeth, it is the intention that the results presented will provide a broad overview of what the informal sector is.
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The informal sector in the Eastern Cape: a case study of New Brighton and Kwamagxaki, Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Sofisa, Thembela Nicholas
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Informal sector (Economics) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Self-employed -- South Africa , New Brighton (Port Elizabeth, South Africa) , Port Elizabeth (South Africa) -- Economic conditions , KwaMagxaki (Port Elizabeth, South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:934 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002667 , Informal sector (Economics) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Self-employed -- South Africa , New Brighton (Port Elizabeth, South Africa) , Port Elizabeth (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Description: Recently, researchers have shown enormous interest in the informal sector due to extensive poverty and rising unemployment trend in the South African economy. These problems have worsened in the Port Elizabeth economy, as most entrepreneurs have scaled down their operations or liquidated their businesses due to a structural decline in the manufacturing sector and periodic recessions in the national economy. Undoubtedly, the informal sector has become a reasonable economic alternative as far as income accumulation and employment generation. The present study shows that the informal sector is characterised mainly by self-employment and also the income from this sector has also improved the standard of living of most sampled households in New Brighton and KwaMagxaki. The aim of this thesis, then, is to evaluate the nature, extent, meaning and influence of the informal sector in the Port Elizabeth Black economy. However, this can only be achieved once the informal sector is placed within the appropriate theoretical framework. This is done by comparing and contrasting the different conceptualisations of the informal sector in the literature. In conclusion, the thesis combines the different conceptualisations of the informal sector in the literature with the empirical evidence from the Port Elizabeth townships' informal sector. The important findings of the study are: The informal sector is mainly characterised by distributive activities than productive activities. Women comprised 62% of the informal sector. Economically-active members of the economy are in the informal sector. Education levels in this sector are relatively low. The informal sector is characterised by one-man businesses with few employees who are also family members. There was no trace of migrants in the informal sector. The informal sector is characterised by linkages. Informal income alleviates conditions of poverty. Policies have to implemented for the development of the informal sector. Twenty-three percent of the households in New Brighton were in the informal sector and only 6% in KwaMagxaki. Although, this study focuses in Port Elizabeth, it is the intention that the results presented will provide a broad overview of what the informal sector is.
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The notion of physicality in vocal training for the performer in South African theatre, with particular reference to the Alexander technique
- Authors: Cox, Frances Jayne
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Voice culture , Alexander technique , Drama -- Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2134 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002366 , Voice culture , Alexander technique , Drama -- Study and teaching
- Description: Voice training has been influenced by separatist attitudes which have allowed for classes which train the body to be separate from those which train the voice. This study acknowledges that to train an actor in separate compartments and then expect the completeness of human expression in performance, is to train under false pretences. There is a need to address the imbalance of separatism and this is examined within the context of voice training. An holistic approach to voice training forms the basis of the argument, which focuses on the need to re-educate the notion of physicality in voice training. Chapter one proposes an understanding of the notion of physicality by drawing on the attitudes of selected theatre practitioners towards the physical nature of the theatre encounter. The expressive energies of the actor's body are responsible for the physicalisation of a play; for this reason the movement of voice and speech is not only examined as source movement, but also as the movement of an actor's response and communication. Chapter two examines some practices which led to attitudes of separatism in voice training, and introduces prevalent practices which are attempting to involve the energy of the physical experience. Chapter three proposes that the Alexander technique be used as the foundation for an awareness of individual physicality. Where chapter one examines the theory of this notion, chapter three proposes an experiential understanding of the same. The Alexander technique is a training in effective body use and it's principles are fundamental to an awareness of body use and functioning. It is argued that these principles should underlie a re-education of physicality. The final chapter of the thesis argues for physicality in South African voice training programmes which would complement the physicality of contemporary theatre forms. It is hoped that this study will provide further incentive for the continued review and adjustment of drama training in South Africa.
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- Authors: Cox, Frances Jayne
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Voice culture , Alexander technique , Drama -- Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2134 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002366 , Voice culture , Alexander technique , Drama -- Study and teaching
- Description: Voice training has been influenced by separatist attitudes which have allowed for classes which train the body to be separate from those which train the voice. This study acknowledges that to train an actor in separate compartments and then expect the completeness of human expression in performance, is to train under false pretences. There is a need to address the imbalance of separatism and this is examined within the context of voice training. An holistic approach to voice training forms the basis of the argument, which focuses on the need to re-educate the notion of physicality in voice training. Chapter one proposes an understanding of the notion of physicality by drawing on the attitudes of selected theatre practitioners towards the physical nature of the theatre encounter. The expressive energies of the actor's body are responsible for the physicalisation of a play; for this reason the movement of voice and speech is not only examined as source movement, but also as the movement of an actor's response and communication. Chapter two examines some practices which led to attitudes of separatism in voice training, and introduces prevalent practices which are attempting to involve the energy of the physical experience. Chapter three proposes that the Alexander technique be used as the foundation for an awareness of individual physicality. Where chapter one examines the theory of this notion, chapter three proposes an experiential understanding of the same. The Alexander technique is a training in effective body use and it's principles are fundamental to an awareness of body use and functioning. It is argued that these principles should underlie a re-education of physicality. The final chapter of the thesis argues for physicality in South African voice training programmes which would complement the physicality of contemporary theatre forms. It is hoped that this study will provide further incentive for the continued review and adjustment of drama training in South Africa.
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The shadowed corners of sunlit ruins: Gothic elements in twentieth century children's adventure fiction
- Authors: Wagenaar, Peter Simon
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Children's literature -- 20th century -- History and criticism , Gothic literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2250 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002293 , Children's literature -- 20th century -- History and criticism , Gothic literature
- Description: This thesis examines the way in which children's adventure fiction makes use of Gothic features, how these features have been modified for a younger audience and how these modifications have been influenced by other developments in children's and popular fiction: Chapter One sets out to define the nature of Gothic and isolate those aspects of it relevant to the proposed study. It puts forward a theory to account for the movement of Gothic trends into later children's fiction. Chapter Two examines the use of landscape, setting and atmospheric effects in Gothic and the way in which children's fiction has used similar trappings to create similar effects. Children's fiction, emphasising pleasurable excitement rather than fear has, however, muted these effects somewhat and played down the role of the supernatural, so intrinsic to Gothic. Chapter Three emphasises the Gothic's use of stereotypes, focusing on the portrayal of heroes and heroines. Those of children's fiction are portrayed very similarly to those of Gothic and the chapter compares and, on occasion, contrasts them noting, inter alia, their adherence to rigid moral codes and narrowly defined norms of masculine and feminine behaviour. Chapter Four looks at the portrayal of villains and the way in which their appearance defines them as such (as, indeed, does that of heroes and heroines). It examines in some detail their relationship to and interaction with the heroes and heroines, noting, for example, the 'pseudo-parental' role of villains who are characteristically older and in socially approved positions to exert power over heroes and heroines. The Conclusion addresses the fantasy aspect of these novels,referred to several times in passing in the course of earlier chapters, and comments on how the features detailed in Chapters Two, Three and Four all operate within the conventions of a fantasy.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Wagenaar, Peter Simon
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Children's literature -- 20th century -- History and criticism , Gothic literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2250 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002293 , Children's literature -- 20th century -- History and criticism , Gothic literature
- Description: This thesis examines the way in which children's adventure fiction makes use of Gothic features, how these features have been modified for a younger audience and how these modifications have been influenced by other developments in children's and popular fiction: Chapter One sets out to define the nature of Gothic and isolate those aspects of it relevant to the proposed study. It puts forward a theory to account for the movement of Gothic trends into later children's fiction. Chapter Two examines the use of landscape, setting and atmospheric effects in Gothic and the way in which children's fiction has used similar trappings to create similar effects. Children's fiction, emphasising pleasurable excitement rather than fear has, however, muted these effects somewhat and played down the role of the supernatural, so intrinsic to Gothic. Chapter Three emphasises the Gothic's use of stereotypes, focusing on the portrayal of heroes and heroines. Those of children's fiction are portrayed very similarly to those of Gothic and the chapter compares and, on occasion, contrasts them noting, inter alia, their adherence to rigid moral codes and narrowly defined norms of masculine and feminine behaviour. Chapter Four looks at the portrayal of villains and the way in which their appearance defines them as such (as, indeed, does that of heroes and heroines). It examines in some detail their relationship to and interaction with the heroes and heroines, noting, for example, the 'pseudo-parental' role of villains who are characteristically older and in socially approved positions to exert power over heroes and heroines. The Conclusion addresses the fantasy aspect of these novels,referred to several times in passing in the course of earlier chapters, and comments on how the features detailed in Chapters Two, Three and Four all operate within the conventions of a fantasy.
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The textbook as a major source of difficulty in the teaching and learning of geography through the medium of English in Standard 3 in black primary schools
- Authors: Langhan, David Patrick
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Children, Black -- Education -- South Africa , Geography -- Textbooks , Geography -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- South Africa , Language and education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2335 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002017 , Children, Black -- Education -- South Africa , Geography -- Textbooks , Geography -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- South Africa , Language and education -- South Africa
- Description: This dissertation provides evidence to suggest that teaching/learning difficulties with geography in Std 3 are largely attributable to textbooks which fail as well constructed discourse and include uninterpretable illustrations. The discourse properties most likely to affect the readability of textbooks intended for ESL/EFL pupils are identified. Selected passages from two widely used Std 3 geography textbooks are analysed in terms of these properties, and are shown to fail extensively as well constructed discourse. Following classroom observation and informal interviews which confirmed the inappropriacy of the texts for Std 3 pupils, the passages were re-written, following the necessary properties of well constructed expository discourse. The readability of these two sets of texts was then tested on a group of nine Std 3 teachers in two structured interviews. The findings reveal that the re-written passages are significantly more readable than the textbook passages. Recommendations that affect education authorities, curriculum designers, syllabus makers, textbook authors, publishers and teacher training colleges are provided
- Full Text:
- Authors: Langhan, David Patrick
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Children, Black -- Education -- South Africa , Geography -- Textbooks , Geography -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- South Africa , Language and education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2335 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002017 , Children, Black -- Education -- South Africa , Geography -- Textbooks , Geography -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- South Africa , Language and education -- South Africa
- Description: This dissertation provides evidence to suggest that teaching/learning difficulties with geography in Std 3 are largely attributable to textbooks which fail as well constructed discourse and include uninterpretable illustrations. The discourse properties most likely to affect the readability of textbooks intended for ESL/EFL pupils are identified. Selected passages from two widely used Std 3 geography textbooks are analysed in terms of these properties, and are shown to fail extensively as well constructed discourse. Following classroom observation and informal interviews which confirmed the inappropriacy of the texts for Std 3 pupils, the passages were re-written, following the necessary properties of well constructed expository discourse. The readability of these two sets of texts was then tested on a group of nine Std 3 teachers in two structured interviews. The findings reveal that the re-written passages are significantly more readable than the textbook passages. Recommendations that affect education authorities, curriculum designers, syllabus makers, textbook authors, publishers and teacher training colleges are provided
- Full Text:
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