The views of amakrwala on the meaning of umqombothi and commercial alcohol use during the initiation ceremonies
- Authors: Mavimbela, Mzoli
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Youth -- Alcohol use , Alcoholism -- South Africa , Alcoholism -- Psychological aspects , Initiation rites -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60862 , vital:68801
- Description: Ulwaluko or initiation ceremony is one of the most important ceremonies practiced by the amaXhosa ethnic group to mark male adolescents’ transition from boyhood to manhood. Every young Xhosa male is anticipated to undergo this ceremony in order to be respected and be viewed as a true man by the society. There is a dearth of literature on amakrwala’s views regarding the meaning of traditional beer (umqombothi) and commercial alcohol (brandy or beer) use during the initiation ceremony. Thus, this study addresses this gap, as it adds to the existing spectrum of knowledge on the meaning of alcohol use during the amaXhosa initiation process. The socio-cultural theory was selected as the theoretical framework for the study. This study took a qualitative nature which was exploratory-descriptive and contextual in design employing a non-probability purposive-criterion based technique to sample 16 identified amaXhosa adult males between the ages of 18 to 24 years who recently went through the initiation ceremony. Sixteen individual semi-structured telephonic interviews were conducted. Data collected was analysed using thematic data analysis. Various data verification strategies were employed to ensure trustworthiness. Research ethics applicable to this study were guided by the principles contained in the Belmont report (1979). The findings showed that during the amaXhosa initiation ceremony both commercial alcohol and umqombothi played significant but different roles during each stage of the ceremony. The majority of amakrwala viewed umqombothi as a significant beer for ancestors to divinely bless isiko while brandy and beer were viewed as sweets or beers for fun which accompanied umqombothi. Brandy and beer were viewed as beers required by abafana teaching amakrwala manhood in the lighthouses. Thus, negative behaviours portrayed by abafana during imigidi after drinking alcohol were viewed as a great concern by amakrwala. 7 Alcohol use in ulwaluko was viewed as good by the amakrwala but they emphasized that there should be guidelines that monitor responsible drinking.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Mavimbela, Mzoli
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Youth -- Alcohol use , Alcoholism -- South Africa , Alcoholism -- Psychological aspects , Initiation rites -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60862 , vital:68801
- Description: Ulwaluko or initiation ceremony is one of the most important ceremonies practiced by the amaXhosa ethnic group to mark male adolescents’ transition from boyhood to manhood. Every young Xhosa male is anticipated to undergo this ceremony in order to be respected and be viewed as a true man by the society. There is a dearth of literature on amakrwala’s views regarding the meaning of traditional beer (umqombothi) and commercial alcohol (brandy or beer) use during the initiation ceremony. Thus, this study addresses this gap, as it adds to the existing spectrum of knowledge on the meaning of alcohol use during the amaXhosa initiation process. The socio-cultural theory was selected as the theoretical framework for the study. This study took a qualitative nature which was exploratory-descriptive and contextual in design employing a non-probability purposive-criterion based technique to sample 16 identified amaXhosa adult males between the ages of 18 to 24 years who recently went through the initiation ceremony. Sixteen individual semi-structured telephonic interviews were conducted. Data collected was analysed using thematic data analysis. Various data verification strategies were employed to ensure trustworthiness. Research ethics applicable to this study were guided by the principles contained in the Belmont report (1979). The findings showed that during the amaXhosa initiation ceremony both commercial alcohol and umqombothi played significant but different roles during each stage of the ceremony. The majority of amakrwala viewed umqombothi as a significant beer for ancestors to divinely bless isiko while brandy and beer were viewed as sweets or beers for fun which accompanied umqombothi. Brandy and beer were viewed as beers required by abafana teaching amakrwala manhood in the lighthouses. Thus, negative behaviours portrayed by abafana during imigidi after drinking alcohol were viewed as a great concern by amakrwala. 7 Alcohol use in ulwaluko was viewed as good by the amakrwala but they emphasized that there should be guidelines that monitor responsible drinking.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Identifying the causes of widespread illegal dumping in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality and innovative waste management mechanism
- Authors: Brown, Drayton
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Waste minimization -- law and legislation -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49767 , vital:41798
- Description: South Africa faces the daily challenge of illegal dumping and authorities cannot seem to contain the problem. This is particularly the case in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) as the same non-effective means of curbing illegal dumping is attempted again and again. This study sought to gain insight into why residents would illegally dump waste near their homes considering the numerous negative health and environmental consequences. While many studies have focused on the quantitative aspects of waste management and illegal dumping, none have been conducted in the Eastern Cape or BCMM or enquired as to how citizens felt about the phenomena. This research utilised in-depth semi-structured interviews to gain insight into the problem of illegal dumping through the lenses of both residents and BCMM staff members. One of the key themes within the findings of the study is the apathetic nature of citizens towards their environment. There are also two predominant ways illegal dumping sites form. The first is through ‘Systemic Dumping’ which arises through the lack of waste infrastructure in low income communities and the second is ‘Ad-hoc Illegal Dumping’which form when BCMM does not provide a timely waste management service.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Brown, Drayton
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Waste minimization -- law and legislation -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49767 , vital:41798
- Description: South Africa faces the daily challenge of illegal dumping and authorities cannot seem to contain the problem. This is particularly the case in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) as the same non-effective means of curbing illegal dumping is attempted again and again. This study sought to gain insight into why residents would illegally dump waste near their homes considering the numerous negative health and environmental consequences. While many studies have focused on the quantitative aspects of waste management and illegal dumping, none have been conducted in the Eastern Cape or BCMM or enquired as to how citizens felt about the phenomena. This research utilised in-depth semi-structured interviews to gain insight into the problem of illegal dumping through the lenses of both residents and BCMM staff members. One of the key themes within the findings of the study is the apathetic nature of citizens towards their environment. There are also two predominant ways illegal dumping sites form. The first is through ‘Systemic Dumping’ which arises through the lack of waste infrastructure in low income communities and the second is ‘Ad-hoc Illegal Dumping’which form when BCMM does not provide a timely waste management service.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The incorporation of smart production in future factories within the fourth industrial revolution towards 2030
- Authors: Abdoll, Delicia Megan
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Manufacturing industry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47521 , vital:40123
- Description: Industry 4.0 is impressively creating a lasting impact on the manufacturing industry and on the industry outlook on the benefits of the implementation of new technology. The concept currently trending entails merging cyber systems, the Internet of Things, and the Internet of Systems all together to construct the revolutionary ‘Smart Factories’. The use of advanced technologies brings about new methodologies to improve the results of manufacturing. Complex activities will be performed by machines equipped in using intelligent information systems and new technology to improve productivity, enhance quality, and reduce costs of manufacturing products. South Africa is at the height of the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ (4IR) which will essentially change the way we work. This innovative rubric of high-tech modernisation is characterised by a merging of technologies from the physical, digital, biological, and neuro-technological spheres. The hesitation over jobs being substituted with co-bots, a robot envisioned to actually cooperate with humans in a communal workplace, is profound. Skills volatility is estimated to affect all industries. There are uncertainties that the underprivileged and non-skilled would be thrust into an even profounder deficiency with the upsurge of the digital age. Organisations regard robotics and modern technology as strategic corporate tools that are utilised to enhance short- and long-term profitability and achieve operating goals. In dissimilarity, the application of robotics and modern technology in the place of work increases labour stability concerns, anxiety of downsizings and terminations within the workforce. The purpose of this research was to heighten the comprehension of smart factories in the manufacturing industry by conclusively embracing a methodical examination of the factors which influence the outlook of those involved concerning smart factory implementation and also of assessing the readiness of the South African manufacturing industry for 4IR towards 2030. The ‘golden thread’ running through the study is the significance of the impact of the 4IR on the workforce and the creation of new jobs for the future, the reskilling of the workforce and the enhancement of capabilities of future factories in embracing the implementation and the incorporation of advanced manufacturing principles in production processes. This must form a substantial consideration in the preparation of the vision of the “Incorporation of smart production in future factories within the fourth industrial revolution towards 2030”. The results of the in-depth analysis of future studies practice and theory in this research study give credibility to the argument that the way in which planning for the future of the 4IR in the South African context is taking place requires insightful adaptation by all stakeholders. The development of new insights through the application of futures studies is vital to this planning process, as is progressively demonstrated in the propensity for present-day business to enable collaborative decisions and strategies that are established on, and informed by, futures studies. This research has attempted to gain insight into the possible future of the implementation of 4IR elements within the future manufacturing factories in South Africa through the creation of four scenarios towards 2030. These are defined as follows: The Fifth Element, which is the ‘best case’ scenario, and to which the country aspires; the ‘worst case’ scenario, in which everything goes badly; the outlier future founded on a surprising, disruptive, emerging matter; and ‘business as usual’ in which no change takes place. The research additionally made efforts to determine the preferred future for the 4IR from a South African perspective, as a base for the Future Vision of the 4IR in the South African manufacturing industry towards 2030. Throughout this study, Inayatullah’s (2008) pillars of futures studies were implemented as a guide in mapping the present and future, further deepening and widening the future through the development of scenarios and, lastly, by transforming the future by narrowing it down to the preferred future. The South African manufacturing sector must select which path to follow in the decisions surrounding the acceptance of the 4IR as the country progresses towards aligning itself with the global players in technology acceptance. Through a unique and innovative approach, the establishment of an atmosphere of trust and the sharing of purpose, values and benefits, a collective Future Vision of the implementing of 4IR elements such as smart production in future factories within South Africa towards 2030, is achievable. All stakeholders must be committed to operating in collaborative partnerships, with government, society, local communities and the workforce all treading boldly together into a sphere of technological, commercial, environmental and social innovation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Abdoll, Delicia Megan
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Manufacturing industry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47521 , vital:40123
- Description: Industry 4.0 is impressively creating a lasting impact on the manufacturing industry and on the industry outlook on the benefits of the implementation of new technology. The concept currently trending entails merging cyber systems, the Internet of Things, and the Internet of Systems all together to construct the revolutionary ‘Smart Factories’. The use of advanced technologies brings about new methodologies to improve the results of manufacturing. Complex activities will be performed by machines equipped in using intelligent information systems and new technology to improve productivity, enhance quality, and reduce costs of manufacturing products. South Africa is at the height of the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ (4IR) which will essentially change the way we work. This innovative rubric of high-tech modernisation is characterised by a merging of technologies from the physical, digital, biological, and neuro-technological spheres. The hesitation over jobs being substituted with co-bots, a robot envisioned to actually cooperate with humans in a communal workplace, is profound. Skills volatility is estimated to affect all industries. There are uncertainties that the underprivileged and non-skilled would be thrust into an even profounder deficiency with the upsurge of the digital age. Organisations regard robotics and modern technology as strategic corporate tools that are utilised to enhance short- and long-term profitability and achieve operating goals. In dissimilarity, the application of robotics and modern technology in the place of work increases labour stability concerns, anxiety of downsizings and terminations within the workforce. The purpose of this research was to heighten the comprehension of smart factories in the manufacturing industry by conclusively embracing a methodical examination of the factors which influence the outlook of those involved concerning smart factory implementation and also of assessing the readiness of the South African manufacturing industry for 4IR towards 2030. The ‘golden thread’ running through the study is the significance of the impact of the 4IR on the workforce and the creation of new jobs for the future, the reskilling of the workforce and the enhancement of capabilities of future factories in embracing the implementation and the incorporation of advanced manufacturing principles in production processes. This must form a substantial consideration in the preparation of the vision of the “Incorporation of smart production in future factories within the fourth industrial revolution towards 2030”. The results of the in-depth analysis of future studies practice and theory in this research study give credibility to the argument that the way in which planning for the future of the 4IR in the South African context is taking place requires insightful adaptation by all stakeholders. The development of new insights through the application of futures studies is vital to this planning process, as is progressively demonstrated in the propensity for present-day business to enable collaborative decisions and strategies that are established on, and informed by, futures studies. This research has attempted to gain insight into the possible future of the implementation of 4IR elements within the future manufacturing factories in South Africa through the creation of four scenarios towards 2030. These are defined as follows: The Fifth Element, which is the ‘best case’ scenario, and to which the country aspires; the ‘worst case’ scenario, in which everything goes badly; the outlier future founded on a surprising, disruptive, emerging matter; and ‘business as usual’ in which no change takes place. The research additionally made efforts to determine the preferred future for the 4IR from a South African perspective, as a base for the Future Vision of the 4IR in the South African manufacturing industry towards 2030. Throughout this study, Inayatullah’s (2008) pillars of futures studies were implemented as a guide in mapping the present and future, further deepening and widening the future through the development of scenarios and, lastly, by transforming the future by narrowing it down to the preferred future. The South African manufacturing sector must select which path to follow in the decisions surrounding the acceptance of the 4IR as the country progresses towards aligning itself with the global players in technology acceptance. Through a unique and innovative approach, the establishment of an atmosphere of trust and the sharing of purpose, values and benefits, a collective Future Vision of the implementing of 4IR elements such as smart production in future factories within South Africa towards 2030, is achievable. All stakeholders must be committed to operating in collaborative partnerships, with government, society, local communities and the workforce all treading boldly together into a sphere of technological, commercial, environmental and social innovation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The relationship between inflation and financial development in South Africa
- Authors: Ninana, Amahle
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Inflation (Finance) -- South Africa South Africa -- Economic development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18643 , vital:42639
- Description: This study examined the relationship between inflation and financial development in South Africa using quarterly data (2005–2016). The study assessed whether theoretical and empirical propositions can be supported in South Africa. Co-integration tests utilising ARDL bounds testing method were employed to examine if there is a relationship between the variables of interest. As a proxy of financial sector development, stock market capitalisation and bank credit to the private sector were employed. Other variables that affect financial development such as money supply, interest rates, Gross Domestic Product, trade openness and net interest margin were also included in the model. The results of the study indicate that there exists a negative relationship between inflation and stock market capitalisation. Bank credit to the private sector showed a positive relationship with inflation both in the short run and long run.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ninana, Amahle
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Inflation (Finance) -- South Africa South Africa -- Economic development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18643 , vital:42639
- Description: This study examined the relationship between inflation and financial development in South Africa using quarterly data (2005–2016). The study assessed whether theoretical and empirical propositions can be supported in South Africa. Co-integration tests utilising ARDL bounds testing method were employed to examine if there is a relationship between the variables of interest. As a proxy of financial sector development, stock market capitalisation and bank credit to the private sector were employed. Other variables that affect financial development such as money supply, interest rates, Gross Domestic Product, trade openness and net interest margin were also included in the model. The results of the study indicate that there exists a negative relationship between inflation and stock market capitalisation. Bank credit to the private sector showed a positive relationship with inflation both in the short run and long run.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A sociological investigation of conflict and its effects on employees performance at the Windhoek training centre
- Authors: Van Wyk, Deria
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Conflict Management-- Namibia , Employee motivation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45734 , vital:38959
- Description: Conflicts are an inevitable part of organizational life since the goals of different stakeholders such as managers and staff are often incompatible. Conflict in the workplace can be detrimental to progress, efficiency and performance. In order to create a productive workforce, effective conflict resolution strategies need to be implemented. This has often led to workplace harmony and productivity. If not managed effectively and discreetly, workplace relationships will suffer and consequently will result in disunity and chaos. A cohesive work environment promotes employee performance and organizational effectiveness. Poorly managing conflicts in the workplace can have adverse effects on the level and frequency of future conflicts and can negatively affect productivity, job performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes and effects of conflict at the Windhoek Vocational Training Centre and to find workable solutions to manage the conflict in an effort to improve job satisfaction and employee performance. Performance of Vocational Instructors at the WVTC are not always up to standard due to certain factors. This study aims to identify these factors and find solutions to address these problems. The study has followed a qualitative approach which included individual interviews using an interview guide. Secondary sources which ranges from journal articles and scholarly books were used as per social sciences research requirements
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Van Wyk, Deria
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Conflict Management-- Namibia , Employee motivation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45734 , vital:38959
- Description: Conflicts are an inevitable part of organizational life since the goals of different stakeholders such as managers and staff are often incompatible. Conflict in the workplace can be detrimental to progress, efficiency and performance. In order to create a productive workforce, effective conflict resolution strategies need to be implemented. This has often led to workplace harmony and productivity. If not managed effectively and discreetly, workplace relationships will suffer and consequently will result in disunity and chaos. A cohesive work environment promotes employee performance and organizational effectiveness. Poorly managing conflicts in the workplace can have adverse effects on the level and frequency of future conflicts and can negatively affect productivity, job performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes and effects of conflict at the Windhoek Vocational Training Centre and to find workable solutions to manage the conflict in an effort to improve job satisfaction and employee performance. Performance of Vocational Instructors at the WVTC are not always up to standard due to certain factors. This study aims to identify these factors and find solutions to address these problems. The study has followed a qualitative approach which included individual interviews using an interview guide. Secondary sources which ranges from journal articles and scholarly books were used as per social sciences research requirements
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The role of foreign aid in poverty alleviation and economic development in Malawi
- Authors: Amanda, Amerley Armah
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Economic development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/40220 , vital:35988
- Description: For over fifty years, the majority of the Western nations have provided foreign aid to underdeveloped countries, particularly on the African continent, claiming they wanted to bring about development and alleviate the so-called poverty trap. However, the effect of such financial transfer has not been significant in most of these countries, as many recipient countries still suffer from extreme poverty and underdevelopment. Malawi is a landlocked country found in south-eastern Africa. This small country, despite being a major recipient of foreign aid since the 1960s until the present day, continues to experience extreme poverty. Malawi is one of the world’s poorest countries, ranking 174 out of 187 as at 2013, with over 50.7% of its population living below the poverty line. Thus, this study sought to assess the role of foreign aid in poverty alleviation in Malawi over the years and particularly in the 2000-2015 period. Literature related to this study on foreign aid was reviewed to gain insight into the views of other writers on the topic under study. The study used secondary sources of data to examine the effect of foreign aid on poverty alleviation in Malawi. The study found out that, even though foreign aid to Malawi might have been provided to address poverty and economic challenges to some extent, these objectives have not been met because of donor conditionalities, poor coordination, corruption and mismanagement of donor funding. The study equally found that donors to Malawi over the years have laid much emphasis on good governance rather than poverty alleviation, hence no significant contribution of foreign aid assistance in poverty alleviation, particularly among the rural population which makes up the majority of the poor. This study recommends that to enhance aid effectiveness in poverty alleviation, there is a need for donors to revise their conditions based on the recipient country’s needs and not on donor motives. Secondly, the government of Malawi should consider establishing a legal and legislative framework that guides the use of donor funding and donor activities to ensure accountability and sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Amanda, Amerley Armah
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Economic development
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/40220 , vital:35988
- Description: For over fifty years, the majority of the Western nations have provided foreign aid to underdeveloped countries, particularly on the African continent, claiming they wanted to bring about development and alleviate the so-called poverty trap. However, the effect of such financial transfer has not been significant in most of these countries, as many recipient countries still suffer from extreme poverty and underdevelopment. Malawi is a landlocked country found in south-eastern Africa. This small country, despite being a major recipient of foreign aid since the 1960s until the present day, continues to experience extreme poverty. Malawi is one of the world’s poorest countries, ranking 174 out of 187 as at 2013, with over 50.7% of its population living below the poverty line. Thus, this study sought to assess the role of foreign aid in poverty alleviation in Malawi over the years and particularly in the 2000-2015 period. Literature related to this study on foreign aid was reviewed to gain insight into the views of other writers on the topic under study. The study used secondary sources of data to examine the effect of foreign aid on poverty alleviation in Malawi. The study found out that, even though foreign aid to Malawi might have been provided to address poverty and economic challenges to some extent, these objectives have not been met because of donor conditionalities, poor coordination, corruption and mismanagement of donor funding. The study equally found that donors to Malawi over the years have laid much emphasis on good governance rather than poverty alleviation, hence no significant contribution of foreign aid assistance in poverty alleviation, particularly among the rural population which makes up the majority of the poor. This study recommends that to enhance aid effectiveness in poverty alleviation, there is a need for donors to revise their conditions based on the recipient country’s needs and not on donor motives. Secondly, the government of Malawi should consider establishing a legal and legislative framework that guides the use of donor funding and donor activities to ensure accountability and sustainability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
An Investigation of victims' perspectives of "Ukuthwala" practice :a case study of Mbizana Local Municipality
- Authors: Voyi, Ziyanda
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Forced marriage -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Girls -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Crimes againts Child abuse -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10361 , vital:35441
- Description: This research was an investigation of victims’ perspectives of ukuthwala practice in Mbizana Local Municipality. The aim of the study was to describe the consequences and experiences of ukuthwala practice relating to infringement of Human Rights, to identify the modus operandi men use to abduct (thwala) these victims, to investigate the reasons that hinder victims from reporting the practice to the police officials and to investigate programs that can be implemented to prevent the ukuthwala practice. This study focused on victims’ perspectives of ukuthwala practice, which seemed to be on the rise in Mbizana Local Municipality. The study used the feminist theory and the social exchange theory. The study is qualitative in nature and it employed the exploratory research design. The study collected data from married and divorced females aged between 16 and 45 years, who were residing in Mbizana Local Municipality at the time of the study and who were also victims of ukuthwala practice. The study used snowball non-probability sampling. In non-probability sampling, the chances of selecting a particular individual are not known. The study collected data using semi-structured in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The research findings show that there are a number of women and girls in Mbizana Local municipality who are in forced marriages. The study also found that the practice of ukuthwala (forced marriage) is still practiced in rural areas of Mbizana Local Municipality and victims face many challenges in these marriages. The findings reveal that girls as young as twelve years are forced to marry older men, in some cases with the consent of their parents or guardians. Most victims are unaware that the ukuthwala practice is illegal. Those who are aware are afraid to disappoint their families. The findings of the study also show that community members are keen help stop the ukuthwala practice. The study shows the important for the relevant government stakeholders to intervene. The study recommends that government departments and community members should work hand in hand in order to fight the issue of ukuthwala practice in the municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Voyi, Ziyanda
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Forced marriage -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Girls -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Crimes againts Child abuse -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10361 , vital:35441
- Description: This research was an investigation of victims’ perspectives of ukuthwala practice in Mbizana Local Municipality. The aim of the study was to describe the consequences and experiences of ukuthwala practice relating to infringement of Human Rights, to identify the modus operandi men use to abduct (thwala) these victims, to investigate the reasons that hinder victims from reporting the practice to the police officials and to investigate programs that can be implemented to prevent the ukuthwala practice. This study focused on victims’ perspectives of ukuthwala practice, which seemed to be on the rise in Mbizana Local Municipality. The study used the feminist theory and the social exchange theory. The study is qualitative in nature and it employed the exploratory research design. The study collected data from married and divorced females aged between 16 and 45 years, who were residing in Mbizana Local Municipality at the time of the study and who were also victims of ukuthwala practice. The study used snowball non-probability sampling. In non-probability sampling, the chances of selecting a particular individual are not known. The study collected data using semi-structured in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The research findings show that there are a number of women and girls in Mbizana Local municipality who are in forced marriages. The study also found that the practice of ukuthwala (forced marriage) is still practiced in rural areas of Mbizana Local Municipality and victims face many challenges in these marriages. The findings reveal that girls as young as twelve years are forced to marry older men, in some cases with the consent of their parents or guardians. Most victims are unaware that the ukuthwala practice is illegal. Those who are aware are afraid to disappoint their families. The findings of the study also show that community members are keen help stop the ukuthwala practice. The study shows the important for the relevant government stakeholders to intervene. The study recommends that government departments and community members should work hand in hand in order to fight the issue of ukuthwala practice in the municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Optimisation of a legacy product with a history of tablet friability failures utilising quality by design
- Authors: Watkins, Eric
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Pharmaceutical chemistry , Pharmaceutical industry Pharmacy -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36398 , vital:33938
- Description: The concept of Quality by Design (QbD) was introduced as a method of building quality into the product during the initial stages of manufacturing. This study explores the suitability of utilising QbD to optimise a legacy product. With the aid of QbD, a higher level of quality assurance and product knowledge was achieved. Sound scientific and risk-based decisions allowed for a robust manufacturing process with inherent operational quality and flexibility. By the establishment a quality target product profile (QTPP) and determining the influence of the critical processing parameters (CPP's) on the product's critical quality attributes (cQA's) the process understanding of Product X can be more accurately defined. The relationships between several explanatory variables will be explored by using a sequence of Design of Experiments (DoE) to obtain an optimal response. The DoE were performed and analysed using Minitab® statistical software version 17.0 (Minitab Inc., United Kingdom). A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using a central composite experimental design (CCD) was utilised to capture the data. The data was analysed using the collection of statistical models (ANOVA) to analyse the differences between the means and their associated procedures. Input variables investigated were: compression machine tooling shape, hardness, and loss on drying LOD (post drying). The significant value (α) of 0.05 helped to determine if the null hypothesis would be accepted or rejected. The DoE identified the factors that had the highest risk of affecting the output variables and helped to establish the design space. Post completion of the DoE, a confirmatory batch was made which served as a diagnostic tool for evaluating the effectiveness of the generated model. The establishment of a strategy to control the variables and responses is of critical importance in order to appropriately use the flexibility given to products developed or optimised using QbD principles. This study show that the structured approach used in Quality by Design methodology can be successfully applied to optimise a commercialised legacy product.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Watkins, Eric
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Pharmaceutical chemistry , Pharmaceutical industry Pharmacy -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36398 , vital:33938
- Description: The concept of Quality by Design (QbD) was introduced as a method of building quality into the product during the initial stages of manufacturing. This study explores the suitability of utilising QbD to optimise a legacy product. With the aid of QbD, a higher level of quality assurance and product knowledge was achieved. Sound scientific and risk-based decisions allowed for a robust manufacturing process with inherent operational quality and flexibility. By the establishment a quality target product profile (QTPP) and determining the influence of the critical processing parameters (CPP's) on the product's critical quality attributes (cQA's) the process understanding of Product X can be more accurately defined. The relationships between several explanatory variables will be explored by using a sequence of Design of Experiments (DoE) to obtain an optimal response. The DoE were performed and analysed using Minitab® statistical software version 17.0 (Minitab Inc., United Kingdom). A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using a central composite experimental design (CCD) was utilised to capture the data. The data was analysed using the collection of statistical models (ANOVA) to analyse the differences between the means and their associated procedures. Input variables investigated were: compression machine tooling shape, hardness, and loss on drying LOD (post drying). The significant value (α) of 0.05 helped to determine if the null hypothesis would be accepted or rejected. The DoE identified the factors that had the highest risk of affecting the output variables and helped to establish the design space. Post completion of the DoE, a confirmatory batch was made which served as a diagnostic tool for evaluating the effectiveness of the generated model. The establishment of a strategy to control the variables and responses is of critical importance in order to appropriately use the flexibility given to products developed or optimised using QbD principles. This study show that the structured approach used in Quality by Design methodology can be successfully applied to optimise a commercialised legacy product.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A fibre utilisation comparison of two harvesting systems in eucalyptus grandis in the Kwa-Zulu natal forestry region of South Africa
- Nxumalo, Sikhumbuzo Khethukuthula, McEwan, Andrew
- Authors: Nxumalo, Sikhumbuzo Khethukuthula , McEwan, Andrew
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Eucalyptus grandis -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal Harvesting -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20592 , vital:29331
- Description: Global timber demand is increasing as the level of technology continues to improve in many parts of the world. There needs to be more focus on renewable energy resources which will have a reduced negative impact on the environment. There is limited land area for timber plantations and this necessitates effective use of land from both an environmental and a commercial point of view. This research aimed at quantifying and comparing the fibre utilisation of two harvesting systems operating in Eucalyptus grandis pulpwood plantations. This was done using a general linear model, whereby the fibre loss areas were identified and used as the dependent variables, whilst diameter at breast height (DBH), site and harvesting systems were used as the independent variables. The research also aimed at determining the amount of fibre each system could recover, where fibre is lost or gained in each harvesting system and also whether one of the harvesting systems is able to recover more fibre than the other. The research investigated two harvesting systems in Eucalyptus grandis pulpwood plantations. These systems consisted of the full tree chain flail delimber debarker and chipper (FT CFDD&C) system and the cut-to-length (CTL) motor-manual system. These systems operated close to one another to ensure that the research was carried out on comparable paired plots. Two sites were identified to carry out research after a pilot study was done to test the feasibility. Using the FT CFDD&C system, trees were felled by means of a feller buncher. A grapple skidder was used for extraction to the landing, a chain flail delimber debarker (CFDD) for debarking and debranching and a roadside chipper for converting the boles into chips. The second CTL motor-manual system was modified into a tree length system to suit the conditions of the study due to infield chipping requiring longer lengths. Therefore, trees were felled with a chainsaw and debranched and topped infield before tree lengths were extracted to the landing site with the grapple skidder. The CFDD was used for debarking and the chipper converted boles into chips.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Nxumalo, Sikhumbuzo Khethukuthula , McEwan, Andrew
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Eucalyptus grandis -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal Harvesting -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20592 , vital:29331
- Description: Global timber demand is increasing as the level of technology continues to improve in many parts of the world. There needs to be more focus on renewable energy resources which will have a reduced negative impact on the environment. There is limited land area for timber plantations and this necessitates effective use of land from both an environmental and a commercial point of view. This research aimed at quantifying and comparing the fibre utilisation of two harvesting systems operating in Eucalyptus grandis pulpwood plantations. This was done using a general linear model, whereby the fibre loss areas were identified and used as the dependent variables, whilst diameter at breast height (DBH), site and harvesting systems were used as the independent variables. The research also aimed at determining the amount of fibre each system could recover, where fibre is lost or gained in each harvesting system and also whether one of the harvesting systems is able to recover more fibre than the other. The research investigated two harvesting systems in Eucalyptus grandis pulpwood plantations. These systems consisted of the full tree chain flail delimber debarker and chipper (FT CFDD&C) system and the cut-to-length (CTL) motor-manual system. These systems operated close to one another to ensure that the research was carried out on comparable paired plots. Two sites were identified to carry out research after a pilot study was done to test the feasibility. Using the FT CFDD&C system, trees were felled by means of a feller buncher. A grapple skidder was used for extraction to the landing, a chain flail delimber debarker (CFDD) for debarking and debranching and a roadside chipper for converting the boles into chips. The second CTL motor-manual system was modified into a tree length system to suit the conditions of the study due to infield chipping requiring longer lengths. Therefore, trees were felled with a chainsaw and debranched and topped infield before tree lengths were extracted to the landing site with the grapple skidder. The CFDD was used for debarking and the chipper converted boles into chips.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A study of the southwestern Karoo basin in South Africa using magnetic and gravity data
- Authors: Nxantsiya, Zusakhe
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Groundwater -- South Africa -- Karoo Aquifers -- South Africa -- Karoo Hydrology -- South Africa -- Karoo
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4748 , vital:28509
- Description: The early efforts of Booth, Johnson, Rubidge, Catuneanu, de Wit, Chevallier, Stankiewicz, Weckmann and many other scientists in studying the Karoo Supergroup has led to comprehensive documentation of the geology on the main Karoo Basin with regards to understanding the age, sedimentology, sedimentary facies and depositional environments. In spite of these studies, the subsurface structure, variations in thickness of various formations in large parts of the basin, the location and orientation of subsurface dolerite intrusions, and the depth to magnetic and gravity sources remains poorly documented. A geological study with the aid of geophysical techniques, magnetic and gravity, was conducted in the southwestern part of the main Karoo Basin. The objectives of the study were to construct numerous models of the main basin that image the crust to a depth of 45 km, to determine thicknesses of various formations, to relate observed geophysical anomalies with geological bodies and lineaments, to estimate the depth of existing anomalous bodies, to determine densities and porosity of various formations, as well as to determine the mineralogy of various rocks in the Karoo Basin.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Nxantsiya, Zusakhe
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Groundwater -- South Africa -- Karoo Aquifers -- South Africa -- Karoo Hydrology -- South Africa -- Karoo
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4748 , vital:28509
- Description: The early efforts of Booth, Johnson, Rubidge, Catuneanu, de Wit, Chevallier, Stankiewicz, Weckmann and many other scientists in studying the Karoo Supergroup has led to comprehensive documentation of the geology on the main Karoo Basin with regards to understanding the age, sedimentology, sedimentary facies and depositional environments. In spite of these studies, the subsurface structure, variations in thickness of various formations in large parts of the basin, the location and orientation of subsurface dolerite intrusions, and the depth to magnetic and gravity sources remains poorly documented. A geological study with the aid of geophysical techniques, magnetic and gravity, was conducted in the southwestern part of the main Karoo Basin. The objectives of the study were to construct numerous models of the main basin that image the crust to a depth of 45 km, to determine thicknesses of various formations, to relate observed geophysical anomalies with geological bodies and lineaments, to estimate the depth of existing anomalous bodies, to determine densities and porosity of various formations, as well as to determine the mineralogy of various rocks in the Karoo Basin.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Biological children's experiences and perceptions about having foster children in their households: a case study of Zwelitsha township
- Authors: Ntshongwana, Zintle
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Foster children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Social work with teenagers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Foster parents -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/3033 , vital:28240
- Description: Most research studies focus on foster children or foster parents, there is dearth of research on the impact of fostering on biological children. This aim of this study was to fill the gap in the literature regarding the experiences of biological children sharing a home with foster children. It also investigated how biological children perceive foster care and challenges encountered by children under foster care. This was achieved through a qualitative research approach. The study was conducted at Zwelitsha Township in King Williams Town. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with thirty biological children of foster parents and ten social workers in practice. Two focus group discussions were held with twenty foster parents. A focus group discussion guide was used in collecting information during the discussions. Purposive sampling was used in the study and data was analysed according to themes. The major findings revealed that fostering has both positive and negative impacts on biological children and the foster family. Biological children find foster care placement as helpful to children whose parents cannot provide care and protection for children. They gain and learn new knowledge through fostering and are happy about their new siblings in the family since they have companionship. On the other hand, minority of biological children were ambivalent about foster care as they were uncertain between altruistic feelings of making a difference in the lives of needy children against the negative outcomes of fostering. One biological child was negative about foster care. This participant did not like the idea of fostering and did not describe any personal positive outcomes resulting from his fostering experiences. The findings revealed that biological children are unable to voice out their views and ideas regarding foster care placement. The findings also revealed that biological children are not passive observers on how fostering influences their daily lives. Instead, they use strategies to influence fostering processes, especially to protect their foster siblings for the fostering process to be successful, while also having feelings of responsibility for their foster siblings. The findings further suggest that despite the complex nature of the fostering task, professionals should recognise and acknowledge the input of biological children to fostering. It is, therefore, suggested more training should be provided to foster parents to continually include the opinions of their own children in fostering decisions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Ntshongwana, Zintle
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Foster children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Social work with teenagers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Foster parents -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/3033 , vital:28240
- Description: Most research studies focus on foster children or foster parents, there is dearth of research on the impact of fostering on biological children. This aim of this study was to fill the gap in the literature regarding the experiences of biological children sharing a home with foster children. It also investigated how biological children perceive foster care and challenges encountered by children under foster care. This was achieved through a qualitative research approach. The study was conducted at Zwelitsha Township in King Williams Town. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with thirty biological children of foster parents and ten social workers in practice. Two focus group discussions were held with twenty foster parents. A focus group discussion guide was used in collecting information during the discussions. Purposive sampling was used in the study and data was analysed according to themes. The major findings revealed that fostering has both positive and negative impacts on biological children and the foster family. Biological children find foster care placement as helpful to children whose parents cannot provide care and protection for children. They gain and learn new knowledge through fostering and are happy about their new siblings in the family since they have companionship. On the other hand, minority of biological children were ambivalent about foster care as they were uncertain between altruistic feelings of making a difference in the lives of needy children against the negative outcomes of fostering. One biological child was negative about foster care. This participant did not like the idea of fostering and did not describe any personal positive outcomes resulting from his fostering experiences. The findings revealed that biological children are unable to voice out their views and ideas regarding foster care placement. The findings also revealed that biological children are not passive observers on how fostering influences their daily lives. Instead, they use strategies to influence fostering processes, especially to protect their foster siblings for the fostering process to be successful, while also having feelings of responsibility for their foster siblings. The findings further suggest that despite the complex nature of the fostering task, professionals should recognise and acknowledge the input of biological children to fostering. It is, therefore, suggested more training should be provided to foster parents to continually include the opinions of their own children in fostering decisions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Characterisation and cryopreservation of semen from indigenous Namaqua Afrikaner sheep breed, in comparison with Dorper and Dohne Merino breeds
- Authors: Letsoalo, Phutiane Thomas
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Cryopreservation of organs, tissues, etc Merino sheep Dorper sheep
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4759 , vital:28510
- Description: The aim of this study was to characterise and cryopreserve semen of the indigenous Namaqua Afrikaner breed, and to compare it to that of Dorper and Dohne Merino sheep, whose semen is commercially frozen on a large scale. The study was conducted between January and August 2015. September 2013-born Namaqua Afrikaner (12), Dohne Merino (12) and Dorper (9) rams were used in the study. The rams were kept under kraal conditions with adequate shade, and they received a high protein, high energy diet. Originally it was envisaged to collect semen samples using the artificial vagina (AV) method, which proved to be problematic with the Namaqua Afrikaner rams. Semen samples were subsequently collected twice a week by either AV (Dohne Merino and Dorper) or electro-ejaculation (EE; all three breeds). Macroscopic sperm traits were assessed and sperm concentration determined immediately after collection. Each semen sample was diluted with Triladyl® (1:3) and subsequently frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour in straws. Frozen straws were thawed and evaluated at 7, 30 and 90 days after cryopreservation. A droplet (0.5 ml) from each thawed sample was assessed microscopically for post-thaw motility and percentage live sperm..
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Letsoalo, Phutiane Thomas
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Cryopreservation of organs, tissues, etc Merino sheep Dorper sheep
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4759 , vital:28510
- Description: The aim of this study was to characterise and cryopreserve semen of the indigenous Namaqua Afrikaner breed, and to compare it to that of Dorper and Dohne Merino sheep, whose semen is commercially frozen on a large scale. The study was conducted between January and August 2015. September 2013-born Namaqua Afrikaner (12), Dohne Merino (12) and Dorper (9) rams were used in the study. The rams were kept under kraal conditions with adequate shade, and they received a high protein, high energy diet. Originally it was envisaged to collect semen samples using the artificial vagina (AV) method, which proved to be problematic with the Namaqua Afrikaner rams. Semen samples were subsequently collected twice a week by either AV (Dohne Merino and Dorper) or electro-ejaculation (EE; all three breeds). Macroscopic sperm traits were assessed and sperm concentration determined immediately after collection. Each semen sample was diluted with Triladyl® (1:3) and subsequently frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour in straws. Frozen straws were thawed and evaluated at 7, 30 and 90 days after cryopreservation. A droplet (0.5 ml) from each thawed sample was assessed microscopically for post-thaw motility and percentage live sperm..
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The approaches of traditional healers in the treatment of HIV/ AIDS: the case of Chris Hani District Municipality, Cala, Tsengiwe, Eastern cape, South Africa
- Authors: Mati, Similo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: People with HIV and AIDS disease -- healers -- South Africa --Eastern Cape Traditional medicine -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Healers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape HIV infections -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5249 , vital:29171
- Description: In South Africa, just like in any other country within the African continent, traditional healing remains an integral part of many communities and this is not just restricted to the rural communities only, as is sometimes assumed. The main aim of this research was to explore the approaches of traditional healers in the treatment of HIV/AIDS in the Chris Hani District Municipality, Eastern Cape. The following research objectives were followed regarding the approaches of traditional healers in the treatment of HIV/AIDS: (i) to assess how traditional healers and people living with HIV/AIDS in Tsengiwe village understand HIV/AIDS, (ii) to investigate the reasons people living with HIV/AIDS consult traditional healers in Tsengiwe village, (iii) to assess Tsengiwe village traditional healers’ treatment strategies for HIV/AIDS, (iv) to establish how traditional healers view their role in the treatment of HIV/AIDS in Tsengiwe village. A qualitative research design was utilized, using in-depth interviews with traditional healers and focus group discussions with caregivers and people living with HIV/AIDS respectively. A type of non-probability sampling known as purposive sampling was used. A total of sixteen (16) participants were interviewed. The findings in this research revealed the following themes: (i) HIV/AIDS is incurable and it is understood by symptoms, (ii) belief system entrenched in traditional healing, (iii) cleansing rituals and traditional medicinal remedies and, (iv) strengthening relations between stakeholders. While traditional healers expressed a willingness to work with biomedical professionals in the management of HIV/AIDS, caregivers and people living with HIV/AIDS preferred going to clinics and hospitals for treatment. Furthermore, people living with HIV/AIDS in this research never admitted to consulting traditional healers for their ailments, only saying that they choose to self-medicate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Mati, Similo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: People with HIV and AIDS disease -- healers -- South Africa --Eastern Cape Traditional medicine -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Healers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape HIV infections -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5249 , vital:29171
- Description: In South Africa, just like in any other country within the African continent, traditional healing remains an integral part of many communities and this is not just restricted to the rural communities only, as is sometimes assumed. The main aim of this research was to explore the approaches of traditional healers in the treatment of HIV/AIDS in the Chris Hani District Municipality, Eastern Cape. The following research objectives were followed regarding the approaches of traditional healers in the treatment of HIV/AIDS: (i) to assess how traditional healers and people living with HIV/AIDS in Tsengiwe village understand HIV/AIDS, (ii) to investigate the reasons people living with HIV/AIDS consult traditional healers in Tsengiwe village, (iii) to assess Tsengiwe village traditional healers’ treatment strategies for HIV/AIDS, (iv) to establish how traditional healers view their role in the treatment of HIV/AIDS in Tsengiwe village. A qualitative research design was utilized, using in-depth interviews with traditional healers and focus group discussions with caregivers and people living with HIV/AIDS respectively. A type of non-probability sampling known as purposive sampling was used. A total of sixteen (16) participants were interviewed. The findings in this research revealed the following themes: (i) HIV/AIDS is incurable and it is understood by symptoms, (ii) belief system entrenched in traditional healing, (iii) cleansing rituals and traditional medicinal remedies and, (iv) strengthening relations between stakeholders. While traditional healers expressed a willingness to work with biomedical professionals in the management of HIV/AIDS, caregivers and people living with HIV/AIDS preferred going to clinics and hospitals for treatment. Furthermore, people living with HIV/AIDS in this research never admitted to consulting traditional healers for their ailments, only saying that they choose to self-medicate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The use of herbicides for the management of Eucalyptus coppice in South Africa
- Authors: Roberts, Jonathan Cecil
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Eucalyptus grandis -- South Africa Herbicides -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20287 , vital:29205
- Description: The effectiveness and relatively low cost of herbicides has led to the near exclusion of non-herbicide methods for controlling weeds in commercial forestry plantations. However, any herbicide used within the forestry context has the potential to be toxic and/or alter ecosystem dynamics. In response to increased public concern, perceptions of risk, and compliance associated with forest certification standards and criterion, there is an increased need to provide alternative methods that can reduce reliance on herbicides. Even though adequate research has been implemented regarding herbicide use, little research has examined the implications of herbicide use or non-use throughout the full rotation. Since herbicide use is integrated within the management of eucalypt regeneration, it is critical that a comprehensive understanding of herbicide use be obtained before informed management decisions can be made. Only once this has been obtained, can reduced and judicious recourse to herbicide use be considered, both within the requirements of certification criteria and of good management practice (economic and site sustainability). The main objective of this thesis was to increase the understanding of herbicide use, as well the cost involved within the context of eucalypt coppice regimes in South Africa. Three field trials (two rotation-end, and one short-term) were implemented to achieve this objective, with herbicide use aimed at either killing eucalypt stumps if replanting, or control of secondary coppice regrowth if coppicing. The first trial was situated in Mpumalanga and evaluated which method of control would be best suited to reducing cost (cost-effective) and reliance on herbicides for killing eucalypt stumps and control of resulting coppice regrowth. Selected cut-stump and basal-frill treatments were included with triclopyr (480 g L-1 a.i.) applied to the cambium of difficult-to-kill Eucalyptus macarthurii H. Deane & Maiden stumps that had previously been coppiced multiple times. The resulting coppice regrowth was either manually removed, or glyphosate (360 g L-1 a.i.) applied to foliage. These treatments were integrated with non-chemical control methods, where E. dunnii Maiden seedlings were planted either between each stump row or within the row, to determine whether such treatments could further reduce the level of coppicing through shading. At rotation end, the different treatments tested had no significant influence on any of the E. dunnii growth variates. As there were no significant differences, the treatment with the lowest overall cost and herbicide used would be preferred. The application of triclopyr to the cut-surface following felling was the most cost-effective treatment. The differences in cost obtained is directly related to required follow-up coppice regrowth control operations and quantity of total herbicide applied (both triclopyr and glyphosate). It was hoped that the non-chemical control method (planting position of seedlings) would reduce the level of coppicing, however, within this trial, this did not occur. The second trial was situated in Zululand on Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla coppice that investigated different methods to control secondary coppice regrowth through either manual removal with a bush-knife, or the application of glyphosate (360 g L-1 a.i.) to the foliage. A range of herbicide rates (0.6%, 1.2% and 1.8%) was applied to the foliage of the secondary coppice regrowth when it reached a predetermined mean height (0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m). The objective was to determine the optimum rate and timing of control and to avoid glyphosate from being over-applied when managing this regrowth. No significant differences were detected between the different treatments for any of the growth variates at rotation end. The use of glyphosate, irrespective of rate and/or timing of application (as assessed by secondary coppice regrowth height) proved to be more cost-effective compared to manual removal of secondary coppice regrowth. Treatment efficacy in terms of treating secondary coppice regrowth increased with an increase in the rate of glyphosate applied (0% < 0.6% < 1.2% < 1 .8%), especially when treated at either 1.0 or 1.5 m in height. Although the volume of the glyphosate used increased with increasing secondary coppice regrowth height (0.5 m < 1.0 m < 1.5 m) due to the larger foliar spraying area, there was little difference in total glyphosate used when comparing the same herbicide rate across the three different heights. The most cost-effective treatment was that where glyphosate was applied at 1.2% when the secondary coppice regrowth was 1-1.5 m. The third trial (also located in Zululand on Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla) was implemented to test the knowledge gained in trial two, thereby determinng coppice management regimes that would facilitate mechanised harvesting. In this trial, coppice shoots were reduced to one stem per stump in one thinning operation (coppice reduction heights of 3.5 m, 4.5 m and 6.5 m), with the impact of increased secondary coppice regrowth monitored together with the testing of different control methods. An additional control treatment was included (current best operating practice) with coppice shoots thinned to two stems per stump at shoot height of 3.5 m, and thereafter to original stocking at stem height of 6.5 m. Herbicide rate and timing of application was based on the results obtained in the second trial, with glyphosate applied at 1.2% when the secondary coppice regrowth reached a mean height of approximately 1 m. At the final measurement date, the diameter at breast height for all three coppice reduction height treatments (3.5 m, 4.5 m and 6.5 m) were significantly larger than the additional control treatment. This can be attributed to the allocation of resources to the remaining stem at an earlier age, resulting in a growth benefit. For stocking, the 6.5 m coppice reduction height was significantly higher compared to both the 3.5 m and 4.5 m coppice reduction treatments, while not significantly different from the additional control. In this trial, secondary coppice regrowth had no effect on tree growth. Due to the short duration of this trial, a longer trial period would be necessary to obtain a full understanding of the impacts of the various coppice reduction treatments, and the resulting secondary coppice regrowth influence on selected coppice growth if left untreated. As several previous studies have shown the importance of controlling secondary coppice regrowth, it is recommended not to view the results of this present trial in isolation. On the basis of the results of this research, it can be concluded that the control of coppice regrowth with herbicides is more effective than any of the manual removal treatments in terms of cost, with manual control requiring more follow-up control operations. Even though the manual removal of coppice regrowth had no influence on growth of the remaining stems or planted trees, the potential injury to labourers or growing stock is still of concern. Therefore, the use of herbicides for controlling coppice regrowth would be preferable. However, if reduced herbicide-use is a major criterion, then coppice regrowth can be controlled manually, although at a higher cost.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Roberts, Jonathan Cecil
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Eucalyptus grandis -- South Africa Herbicides -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20287 , vital:29205
- Description: The effectiveness and relatively low cost of herbicides has led to the near exclusion of non-herbicide methods for controlling weeds in commercial forestry plantations. However, any herbicide used within the forestry context has the potential to be toxic and/or alter ecosystem dynamics. In response to increased public concern, perceptions of risk, and compliance associated with forest certification standards and criterion, there is an increased need to provide alternative methods that can reduce reliance on herbicides. Even though adequate research has been implemented regarding herbicide use, little research has examined the implications of herbicide use or non-use throughout the full rotation. Since herbicide use is integrated within the management of eucalypt regeneration, it is critical that a comprehensive understanding of herbicide use be obtained before informed management decisions can be made. Only once this has been obtained, can reduced and judicious recourse to herbicide use be considered, both within the requirements of certification criteria and of good management practice (economic and site sustainability). The main objective of this thesis was to increase the understanding of herbicide use, as well the cost involved within the context of eucalypt coppice regimes in South Africa. Three field trials (two rotation-end, and one short-term) were implemented to achieve this objective, with herbicide use aimed at either killing eucalypt stumps if replanting, or control of secondary coppice regrowth if coppicing. The first trial was situated in Mpumalanga and evaluated which method of control would be best suited to reducing cost (cost-effective) and reliance on herbicides for killing eucalypt stumps and control of resulting coppice regrowth. Selected cut-stump and basal-frill treatments were included with triclopyr (480 g L-1 a.i.) applied to the cambium of difficult-to-kill Eucalyptus macarthurii H. Deane & Maiden stumps that had previously been coppiced multiple times. The resulting coppice regrowth was either manually removed, or glyphosate (360 g L-1 a.i.) applied to foliage. These treatments were integrated with non-chemical control methods, where E. dunnii Maiden seedlings were planted either between each stump row or within the row, to determine whether such treatments could further reduce the level of coppicing through shading. At rotation end, the different treatments tested had no significant influence on any of the E. dunnii growth variates. As there were no significant differences, the treatment with the lowest overall cost and herbicide used would be preferred. The application of triclopyr to the cut-surface following felling was the most cost-effective treatment. The differences in cost obtained is directly related to required follow-up coppice regrowth control operations and quantity of total herbicide applied (both triclopyr and glyphosate). It was hoped that the non-chemical control method (planting position of seedlings) would reduce the level of coppicing, however, within this trial, this did not occur. The second trial was situated in Zululand on Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla coppice that investigated different methods to control secondary coppice regrowth through either manual removal with a bush-knife, or the application of glyphosate (360 g L-1 a.i.) to the foliage. A range of herbicide rates (0.6%, 1.2% and 1.8%) was applied to the foliage of the secondary coppice regrowth when it reached a predetermined mean height (0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m). The objective was to determine the optimum rate and timing of control and to avoid glyphosate from being over-applied when managing this regrowth. No significant differences were detected between the different treatments for any of the growth variates at rotation end. The use of glyphosate, irrespective of rate and/or timing of application (as assessed by secondary coppice regrowth height) proved to be more cost-effective compared to manual removal of secondary coppice regrowth. Treatment efficacy in terms of treating secondary coppice regrowth increased with an increase in the rate of glyphosate applied (0% < 0.6% < 1.2% < 1 .8%), especially when treated at either 1.0 or 1.5 m in height. Although the volume of the glyphosate used increased with increasing secondary coppice regrowth height (0.5 m < 1.0 m < 1.5 m) due to the larger foliar spraying area, there was little difference in total glyphosate used when comparing the same herbicide rate across the three different heights. The most cost-effective treatment was that where glyphosate was applied at 1.2% when the secondary coppice regrowth was 1-1.5 m. The third trial (also located in Zululand on Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla) was implemented to test the knowledge gained in trial two, thereby determinng coppice management regimes that would facilitate mechanised harvesting. In this trial, coppice shoots were reduced to one stem per stump in one thinning operation (coppice reduction heights of 3.5 m, 4.5 m and 6.5 m), with the impact of increased secondary coppice regrowth monitored together with the testing of different control methods. An additional control treatment was included (current best operating practice) with coppice shoots thinned to two stems per stump at shoot height of 3.5 m, and thereafter to original stocking at stem height of 6.5 m. Herbicide rate and timing of application was based on the results obtained in the second trial, with glyphosate applied at 1.2% when the secondary coppice regrowth reached a mean height of approximately 1 m. At the final measurement date, the diameter at breast height for all three coppice reduction height treatments (3.5 m, 4.5 m and 6.5 m) were significantly larger than the additional control treatment. This can be attributed to the allocation of resources to the remaining stem at an earlier age, resulting in a growth benefit. For stocking, the 6.5 m coppice reduction height was significantly higher compared to both the 3.5 m and 4.5 m coppice reduction treatments, while not significantly different from the additional control. In this trial, secondary coppice regrowth had no effect on tree growth. Due to the short duration of this trial, a longer trial period would be necessary to obtain a full understanding of the impacts of the various coppice reduction treatments, and the resulting secondary coppice regrowth influence on selected coppice growth if left untreated. As several previous studies have shown the importance of controlling secondary coppice regrowth, it is recommended not to view the results of this present trial in isolation. On the basis of the results of this research, it can be concluded that the control of coppice regrowth with herbicides is more effective than any of the manual removal treatments in terms of cost, with manual control requiring more follow-up control operations. Even though the manual removal of coppice regrowth had no influence on growth of the remaining stems or planted trees, the potential injury to labourers or growing stock is still of concern. Therefore, the use of herbicides for controlling coppice regrowth would be preferable. However, if reduced herbicide-use is a major criterion, then coppice regrowth can be controlled manually, although at a higher cost.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An analysis of balanced scorecard for improved customer satisfaction in local government: a comparative study of the City of Cape Town and the City of Johannesburg
- Authors: Makina, Clive
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Organizational effectiveness Consumer satisfaction Performance -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4596 , vital:28463
- Description: This study sought to understand the application of the BSC as a tool that facilitates customer satisfaction in local government service delivery. The main thrust was on its application in South African metropolitan municipalities with a view of establishing means of improving its adoption for better customer-focused performance measurement. This area has not received much attention, yet local government performance is in an unacceptable state. The study employed a secondary data analysis approach and findings from the study reflect widespread usage of the BSC but without proper consideration of factors influencing its successful application. Findings of this study reinforce previous study results that there is poor communication with regards to how the BSC must be applied. Its application is also faced with the challenge of lack of training on the use and application of the BSC. However, the tool has significantly transformed and shaped the functioning of South Africa’s two best performing metropolitan municipalities and altered their performance in a favourable manner. Through the BSC approach, the City of Cape Town and the City of Johannesburg have moved towards improving their relations with the customers they serve. The BSC allows the municipalities to take into consideration the non-financial assets that were previously not considered valuable in organisations. Accommodating the views of customers has gained much traction in these municipalities and measures have been put in place to ensure real time data enables managers to make decisions that attempt to address people’s needs and expectations. Conclusively, the study recommends strong improvement in training and communication of the objectives and goals of a PMS within an organisation. Strong emphasis should also be placed on listening to what the customers say and expect from service delivery. This will strengthen the use and value of CSS and CBP and help improve performance and the achievement of the NDP goals of 2030 through local government. This study sought to understand the application of the BSC as a tool that facilitates customer satisfaction in local government service delivery. The main thrust was on its application in South African metropolitan municipalities with a view of establishing means of improving its adoption for better customer-focused performance measurement. This area has not received much attention, yet local government performance is in an unacceptable state. The study employed a secondary data analysis approach and findings from the study reflect widespread usage of the BSC but without proper consideration of factors influencing its successful application. Findings of this study reinforce previous study results that there is poor communication with regards to how the BSC must be applied. Its application is also faced with the challenge of lack of training on the use and application of the BSC. However, the tool has significantly transformed and shaped the functioning of South Africa’s two best performing metropolitan municipalities and altered their performance in a favourable manner. Through the BSC approach, the City of Cape Town and the City of Johannesburg have moved towards improving their relations with the customers they serve. The BSC allows the municipalities to take into consideration the non-financial assets that were previously not considered valuable in organisations. Accommodating the views of customers has gained much traction in these municipalities and measures have been put in place to ensure real time data enables managers to make decisions that attempt to address people’s needs and expectations. Conclusively, the study recommends strong improvement in training and communication of the objectives and goals of a PMS within an organisation. Strong emphasis should also be placed on listening to what the customers say and expect from service delivery. This will strengthen the use and value of CSS and CBP and help improve performance and the achievement of the NDP goals of 2030 through local government..
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Makina, Clive
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Organizational effectiveness Consumer satisfaction Performance -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4596 , vital:28463
- Description: This study sought to understand the application of the BSC as a tool that facilitates customer satisfaction in local government service delivery. The main thrust was on its application in South African metropolitan municipalities with a view of establishing means of improving its adoption for better customer-focused performance measurement. This area has not received much attention, yet local government performance is in an unacceptable state. The study employed a secondary data analysis approach and findings from the study reflect widespread usage of the BSC but without proper consideration of factors influencing its successful application. Findings of this study reinforce previous study results that there is poor communication with regards to how the BSC must be applied. Its application is also faced with the challenge of lack of training on the use and application of the BSC. However, the tool has significantly transformed and shaped the functioning of South Africa’s two best performing metropolitan municipalities and altered their performance in a favourable manner. Through the BSC approach, the City of Cape Town and the City of Johannesburg have moved towards improving their relations with the customers they serve. The BSC allows the municipalities to take into consideration the non-financial assets that were previously not considered valuable in organisations. Accommodating the views of customers has gained much traction in these municipalities and measures have been put in place to ensure real time data enables managers to make decisions that attempt to address people’s needs and expectations. Conclusively, the study recommends strong improvement in training and communication of the objectives and goals of a PMS within an organisation. Strong emphasis should also be placed on listening to what the customers say and expect from service delivery. This will strengthen the use and value of CSS and CBP and help improve performance and the achievement of the NDP goals of 2030 through local government. This study sought to understand the application of the BSC as a tool that facilitates customer satisfaction in local government service delivery. The main thrust was on its application in South African metropolitan municipalities with a view of establishing means of improving its adoption for better customer-focused performance measurement. This area has not received much attention, yet local government performance is in an unacceptable state. The study employed a secondary data analysis approach and findings from the study reflect widespread usage of the BSC but without proper consideration of factors influencing its successful application. Findings of this study reinforce previous study results that there is poor communication with regards to how the BSC must be applied. Its application is also faced with the challenge of lack of training on the use and application of the BSC. However, the tool has significantly transformed and shaped the functioning of South Africa’s two best performing metropolitan municipalities and altered their performance in a favourable manner. Through the BSC approach, the City of Cape Town and the City of Johannesburg have moved towards improving their relations with the customers they serve. The BSC allows the municipalities to take into consideration the non-financial assets that were previously not considered valuable in organisations. Accommodating the views of customers has gained much traction in these municipalities and measures have been put in place to ensure real time data enables managers to make decisions that attempt to address people’s needs and expectations. Conclusively, the study recommends strong improvement in training and communication of the objectives and goals of a PMS within an organisation. Strong emphasis should also be placed on listening to what the customers say and expect from service delivery. This will strengthen the use and value of CSS and CBP and help improve performance and the achievement of the NDP goals of 2030 through local government..
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An analysis of the South African common law defence of moderate and reasonable child chastisement
- Authors: Maqhosha, Noluthando
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Common law Corporal punishment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5447 , vital:29248
- Description: The study sought to analyse the South African common law defence of moderate and reasonable child chastisement. Regarded by those with religious and cultural beliefs as a way of instilling child discipline, child chastisement has been a centre of contestation in recent years. Constitutionally, children have rights to care, dignity and protection. Thus, child chastisement infringes upon these rights. However, regardless of its intentions, child chastisement has an effect of inflicting pain onto its victims thereby infringing on their rights to human dignity, equality and protection. It can also lead to unintended consequences such as injury or death to its victims. Subjecting children to this cruel, inhuman and degrading action affects the development of children and sometimes haunts them at a later stage in life. In addition, child chastisement lacks the measure of determining whether it is moderate or severe, thereby making it prone to abuse or misuse. The study used a qualitative research paradigm, where data was collected from existing documents and analysed towards understanding child chastisement and finding sustainable ways of improving child welfare in the home or in society. The study also analysed the legal framework on child welfare and chastisement globally, regionally and locally. Instruments such as the UNCRC, ACRWC and the UDHR have a clear stance abolishing child chastisement. The study established that, despite the existence of global instruments promoting child care and protection, the common law defence of corporal punishment in the home and society remains a loophole that needs closing and enactment of laws that outlaws it completely.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Maqhosha, Noluthando
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Common law Corporal punishment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5447 , vital:29248
- Description: The study sought to analyse the South African common law defence of moderate and reasonable child chastisement. Regarded by those with religious and cultural beliefs as a way of instilling child discipline, child chastisement has been a centre of contestation in recent years. Constitutionally, children have rights to care, dignity and protection. Thus, child chastisement infringes upon these rights. However, regardless of its intentions, child chastisement has an effect of inflicting pain onto its victims thereby infringing on their rights to human dignity, equality and protection. It can also lead to unintended consequences such as injury or death to its victims. Subjecting children to this cruel, inhuman and degrading action affects the development of children and sometimes haunts them at a later stage in life. In addition, child chastisement lacks the measure of determining whether it is moderate or severe, thereby making it prone to abuse or misuse. The study used a qualitative research paradigm, where data was collected from existing documents and analysed towards understanding child chastisement and finding sustainable ways of improving child welfare in the home or in society. The study also analysed the legal framework on child welfare and chastisement globally, regionally and locally. Instruments such as the UNCRC, ACRWC and the UDHR have a clear stance abolishing child chastisement. The study established that, despite the existence of global instruments promoting child care and protection, the common law defence of corporal punishment in the home and society remains a loophole that needs closing and enactment of laws that outlaws it completely.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An assessment of the effect of HIV/AIDS policy in combating the spread of the disease within Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality
- Authors: Mnguni, Grace
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5185 , vital:29104
- Description: Due to its rapid spreading, AIDS has been declared a global epidemic. Especially sub-Saharan Africa has been the most affected by the epidemic. South Africa is no exception to the devastating impact of the epidemic. Over the past few years, HIV-prevention initiatives have been underway on a full scale in an effort to combat the destructive powers of the epidemic in the country. These initiatives appear to have adopted a health-belief approach in their strategies to decrease HIV-infections. This approach to HIV-prevention assumes that the desired behavior change, namely increasing safe sexual practices and decreasing high-risk HIV/AIDS behavior, can be achieved through rational decision-making based on knowledge of the disease and its consequences. The findings of the studies on sexual behavior and HIV/AIDS such as KAPB (knowledge, attitudes, practice and beliefs) studies appear to reaffirm the fact that knowledge alone is neither sufficient nor effective in bringing about the appropriate behavior change to combat HIV/AIDS. These studies point towards a high level of knowledge about AIDS in the general population, yet the ever increasing infection rate remains undeterred. The ANC came to power in 1994 after 10 years of National Party inaction with regard to AIDS. The National AIDS plan, endorsed by incoming minister Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, was insufficiently informed by the institutional and social realities of South Africa. Like other policy blueprints of this period, it over-estimated the economic, and especially human, resources at the disposal of incoming government. Moreover, this avowedly multi-sect oral HIV/AIDS plan, designated a “presidential lead project”, was situated in a national department of health in the throes of transformation. Because health is in part a provincial prerogative, AIDS was vulnerable to further administrative obstruction in a second tier of bureaucracy from the previous regime. Competing claims on resources in the poorer provinces, the demands of administrative reconfiguration, and very uneven provincial capacity, further undermined implementations. The community of Duncan Village, in Buffalo City was selected because of the high HIV-prevalence in the District and because of the involvement of the Centers for Health Systems Research & Development in the proposed youth center in Duncan Village. Buffalo City is the third highest HIV-prevalence. The study intends to inform HIV-prevention initiatives about impediments to safe sex. Also, its aim is to decrease HIV-infections among the youth in the community. Towards informing the study the study aim and objectives, individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 confirmed HIV-positive males and females from various social strata in the community, and who assumedly HIV-negative. The focus group discussions were conducted with the aid of a semi-structured group -discussions schedule. The two forms of data collection served to complement each other and promoted the validity and quality of the data collected. The study design opted for was explorative in nature, as little is currently known about the community-specific obstacles to safe sex. All respondents were purposively sampled. The main findings of the study point towards the need for HIV/AIDS to be viewed in the light of the socio-cultural and socio-economic contexts of sexual behavior. Factors that were identified as influencing sexual behavior, and therefore HIV/AIDS, include the unbalanced power in gender-relations, socio-economic status and perceived self-efficacy, amongst others. Also, there is a need for detailed knowledge about the specific of HIV-prevention and transmission, as well as safe sexual practices. This will serve to address myths and misconceptions about three models of safe sex, namely condom use, sexual abstinence and mutual faithfulness. Overall, the research that HIV/AIDS is a socio-behavioral problem rooted in the sexual practices of individuals. Attempts to successfully change high-risk sexual behaviors should first identify factors that influence the progression of the disease in order to develop community-specific effective HIV-prevention initiatives. To a large extent, this study has identified those factors that influence and limit the options and opportunities that people in Buffalo City have when it comes to practice safe sex. In this community, there are factors that should be taken into account when HIV/AIDS -prevention initiatives are planned and implemented..
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Mnguni, Grace
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5185 , vital:29104
- Description: Due to its rapid spreading, AIDS has been declared a global epidemic. Especially sub-Saharan Africa has been the most affected by the epidemic. South Africa is no exception to the devastating impact of the epidemic. Over the past few years, HIV-prevention initiatives have been underway on a full scale in an effort to combat the destructive powers of the epidemic in the country. These initiatives appear to have adopted a health-belief approach in their strategies to decrease HIV-infections. This approach to HIV-prevention assumes that the desired behavior change, namely increasing safe sexual practices and decreasing high-risk HIV/AIDS behavior, can be achieved through rational decision-making based on knowledge of the disease and its consequences. The findings of the studies on sexual behavior and HIV/AIDS such as KAPB (knowledge, attitudes, practice and beliefs) studies appear to reaffirm the fact that knowledge alone is neither sufficient nor effective in bringing about the appropriate behavior change to combat HIV/AIDS. These studies point towards a high level of knowledge about AIDS in the general population, yet the ever increasing infection rate remains undeterred. The ANC came to power in 1994 after 10 years of National Party inaction with regard to AIDS. The National AIDS plan, endorsed by incoming minister Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, was insufficiently informed by the institutional and social realities of South Africa. Like other policy blueprints of this period, it over-estimated the economic, and especially human, resources at the disposal of incoming government. Moreover, this avowedly multi-sect oral HIV/AIDS plan, designated a “presidential lead project”, was situated in a national department of health in the throes of transformation. Because health is in part a provincial prerogative, AIDS was vulnerable to further administrative obstruction in a second tier of bureaucracy from the previous regime. Competing claims on resources in the poorer provinces, the demands of administrative reconfiguration, and very uneven provincial capacity, further undermined implementations. The community of Duncan Village, in Buffalo City was selected because of the high HIV-prevalence in the District and because of the involvement of the Centers for Health Systems Research & Development in the proposed youth center in Duncan Village. Buffalo City is the third highest HIV-prevalence. The study intends to inform HIV-prevention initiatives about impediments to safe sex. Also, its aim is to decrease HIV-infections among the youth in the community. Towards informing the study the study aim and objectives, individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 confirmed HIV-positive males and females from various social strata in the community, and who assumedly HIV-negative. The focus group discussions were conducted with the aid of a semi-structured group -discussions schedule. The two forms of data collection served to complement each other and promoted the validity and quality of the data collected. The study design opted for was explorative in nature, as little is currently known about the community-specific obstacles to safe sex. All respondents were purposively sampled. The main findings of the study point towards the need for HIV/AIDS to be viewed in the light of the socio-cultural and socio-economic contexts of sexual behavior. Factors that were identified as influencing sexual behavior, and therefore HIV/AIDS, include the unbalanced power in gender-relations, socio-economic status and perceived self-efficacy, amongst others. Also, there is a need for detailed knowledge about the specific of HIV-prevention and transmission, as well as safe sexual practices. This will serve to address myths and misconceptions about three models of safe sex, namely condom use, sexual abstinence and mutual faithfulness. Overall, the research that HIV/AIDS is a socio-behavioral problem rooted in the sexual practices of individuals. Attempts to successfully change high-risk sexual behaviors should first identify factors that influence the progression of the disease in order to develop community-specific effective HIV-prevention initiatives. To a large extent, this study has identified those factors that influence and limit the options and opportunities that people in Buffalo City have when it comes to practice safe sex. In this community, there are factors that should be taken into account when HIV/AIDS -prevention initiatives are planned and implemented..
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An assessment of the effect of HIV/AIDS policy in combating the spread of the disease within Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality: Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mnguni, Grace
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , HIV infections -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2956 , vital:28202
- Description: Due to its rapid spreading, AIDS has been declared a global epidemic. Especially sub-Saharan Africa has been the most affected by the epidemic. South Africa is no exception to the devastating impact of the epidemic. Over the past few years, HIV-prevention initiatives have been underway on a full scale in an effort to combat the destructive powers of the epidemic in the country. These initiatives appear to have adopted a health-belief approach in their strategies to decrease HIV-infections. This approach to HIV-prevention assumes that the desired behavior change, namely increasing safe sexual practices and decreasing high-risk HIV/AIDS behavior, can be achieved through rational decision-making based on knowledge of the disease and its consequences. The findings of the studies on sexual behavior and HIV/AIDS such as KAPB (knowledge, attitudes, practice and beliefs) studies appear to reaffirm the fact that knowledge alone is neither sufficient nor effective in bringing about the appropriate behavior change to combat HIV/AIDS. These studies point towards a high level of knowledge about AIDS in the general population, yet the ever increasing infection rate remains undeterred. The ANC came to power in 1994 after 10 years of National Party inaction with regard to AIDS. The National AIDS plan, endorsed by incoming minister Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, was insufficiently informed by the institutional and social realities of South Africa. Like other policy blueprints of this period, it over-estimated the economic, and especially human, resources at the disposal of incoming government. Moreover, this avowedly multi-sect oral HIV/AIDS plan, designated a “presidential lead project”, was situated in a national department of health in the throes of transformation. Because health is in part a provincial prerogative, AIDS was vulnerable to further administrative obstruction in a second tier of bureaucracy from the previous regime. Competing claims on resources in the poorer provinces, the demands of administrative reconfiguration, and very uneven provincial capacity, further undermined implementations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Mnguni, Grace
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , HIV infections -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2956 , vital:28202
- Description: Due to its rapid spreading, AIDS has been declared a global epidemic. Especially sub-Saharan Africa has been the most affected by the epidemic. South Africa is no exception to the devastating impact of the epidemic. Over the past few years, HIV-prevention initiatives have been underway on a full scale in an effort to combat the destructive powers of the epidemic in the country. These initiatives appear to have adopted a health-belief approach in their strategies to decrease HIV-infections. This approach to HIV-prevention assumes that the desired behavior change, namely increasing safe sexual practices and decreasing high-risk HIV/AIDS behavior, can be achieved through rational decision-making based on knowledge of the disease and its consequences. The findings of the studies on sexual behavior and HIV/AIDS such as KAPB (knowledge, attitudes, practice and beliefs) studies appear to reaffirm the fact that knowledge alone is neither sufficient nor effective in bringing about the appropriate behavior change to combat HIV/AIDS. These studies point towards a high level of knowledge about AIDS in the general population, yet the ever increasing infection rate remains undeterred. The ANC came to power in 1994 after 10 years of National Party inaction with regard to AIDS. The National AIDS plan, endorsed by incoming minister Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, was insufficiently informed by the institutional and social realities of South Africa. Like other policy blueprints of this period, it over-estimated the economic, and especially human, resources at the disposal of incoming government. Moreover, this avowedly multi-sect oral HIV/AIDS plan, designated a “presidential lead project”, was situated in a national department of health in the throes of transformation. Because health is in part a provincial prerogative, AIDS was vulnerable to further administrative obstruction in a second tier of bureaucracy from the previous regime. Competing claims on resources in the poorer provinces, the demands of administrative reconfiguration, and very uneven provincial capacity, further undermined implementations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An assessment of the effect of political and administrative leadership in ensuring sustainable service delivery in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality Eastern Cape
- Authors: Muteyi,Thembisile
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Political leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Politicians -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2990 , vital:28229
- Description: This study attempts to assess the level to which effective political and management leadership for contributes to sustainable services. Looking at the past performance of the municipality one can see that around the years of 2003 and 2004, the municipality achieved a financially unqualified report from the Auditor General with just two points raised. However, from that point on the municipality has been on a steady decline. The most decline was from the period 2006 - 2011. The decline in the performance of the municipality has been so rapid in the five year period mentioned above so much that the 2010/2011 Auditor General Report on the municipality ran up to eighty issues over fourteen pages. Noteworthy is the fact that the decline in service delivery and financial management confirmed by the performance decline marked by the Auditor General coincided with several changes at the senior political and management levels. For example under the period of decline, the Municipality operated without a permanent Chief Financial Officer (CFO) for a period of more than four years. Also, during the period of decline the municipality had six municipal managers all in acting capacities and about four executive mayors in the same period. Regarding the issue of leadership in the municipality, the Auditor General made the following observation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Muteyi,Thembisile
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Political leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Politicians -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2990 , vital:28229
- Description: This study attempts to assess the level to which effective political and management leadership for contributes to sustainable services. Looking at the past performance of the municipality one can see that around the years of 2003 and 2004, the municipality achieved a financially unqualified report from the Auditor General with just two points raised. However, from that point on the municipality has been on a steady decline. The most decline was from the period 2006 - 2011. The decline in the performance of the municipality has been so rapid in the five year period mentioned above so much that the 2010/2011 Auditor General Report on the municipality ran up to eighty issues over fourteen pages. Noteworthy is the fact that the decline in service delivery and financial management confirmed by the performance decline marked by the Auditor General coincided with several changes at the senior political and management levels. For example under the period of decline, the Municipality operated without a permanent Chief Financial Officer (CFO) for a period of more than four years. Also, during the period of decline the municipality had six municipal managers all in acting capacities and about four executive mayors in the same period. Regarding the issue of leadership in the municipality, the Auditor General made the following observation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An Evaluation of the effectiveness of public libraries in providing information to school children :A Case study of the Queenstown public library , Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Ndlovu, Sheron
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Information services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Information resources -- South Africa --Eastern Cape Public libraries -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6528 , vital:30484
- Description: This study took the form of an evaluative study of the effectiveness of public libraries as a means of providing information to school children, and was conducted at the Queenstown Public Library in the province of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. The research endeavoured to evaluate the effectiveness of public libraries in the role which they play to provide information to school children, despite the widespread belief that the role of libraries is now being replaced by Information and Communication Technologies, or ICTs. This study is also significant for the factors which contribute towards school children being prevented from receiving the full range of benefits which libraries have to offer and the recommendations which it makes to improve the effectiveness of the role played by libraries in this respect. The study could also be of benefit to the staff of libraries, as it could serve to inform them with respect to what needs to be done in order to improve the ways in which libraries make information available to school children. In this respect the research could also provide valuable insights into the strategies which need to be developed and adopted in order to make public libraries more effective providers of various types and forms of information to school children. It is to be hoped that the study will also make a valuable contribution to the existing body of knowledge concerning public libraries as a means of providing information to school children. It is the fervent wish of this researcher to make a credible and articulate case for the great value which public libraries have for school children, despite the fact that general perceptions no longer accord libraries the value which they were once commonly held to possess.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Ndlovu, Sheron
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Information services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Information resources -- South Africa --Eastern Cape Public libraries -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6528 , vital:30484
- Description: This study took the form of an evaluative study of the effectiveness of public libraries as a means of providing information to school children, and was conducted at the Queenstown Public Library in the province of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. The research endeavoured to evaluate the effectiveness of public libraries in the role which they play to provide information to school children, despite the widespread belief that the role of libraries is now being replaced by Information and Communication Technologies, or ICTs. This study is also significant for the factors which contribute towards school children being prevented from receiving the full range of benefits which libraries have to offer and the recommendations which it makes to improve the effectiveness of the role played by libraries in this respect. The study could also be of benefit to the staff of libraries, as it could serve to inform them with respect to what needs to be done in order to improve the ways in which libraries make information available to school children. In this respect the research could also provide valuable insights into the strategies which need to be developed and adopted in order to make public libraries more effective providers of various types and forms of information to school children. It is to be hoped that the study will also make a valuable contribution to the existing body of knowledge concerning public libraries as a means of providing information to school children. It is the fervent wish of this researcher to make a credible and articulate case for the great value which public libraries have for school children, despite the fact that general perceptions no longer accord libraries the value which they were once commonly held to possess.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016