The constitutionality of the Criminal Law (Forensic Procedures) Amendment Act
- Authors: Laing, Samantha Robyn
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: DNA fingerprinting -- Law and legislation -- South Africa Criminal procedure -- South Africa , Evidence, Criminal -- South Africa Forensic sciences -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18619 , vital:28692
- Description: The Criminal Law (Forensic Procedures) Amendment Act 37 of 2013 came into operation in January 2015. The Act makes provision for the establishment of a National Forensic DNA Database, which will store DNA profiles of certain groups of people. This research will discuss the establishment of a forensic DNA database in South Africa. The legal position in the United States of America will also be considered, with specific reference to the states of Maryland, California and New York. This research will focus predominantly on the collection of DNA samples and profiles from arrestees. When such samples are allowed to be collected, what offences warrant the collection of such samples and the period within which the DNA samples need to be destroyed. Collecting DNA samples and profiles from certain persons could potentially violate particular rights in the Bill of Rights. The rights to privacy, bodily integrity, equality and human dignity are discussed as well as the approach the courts have adopted in dealing with such infringements or possible infringements. This research furthermore deals with the historical developments of DNA evidence and contains a brief discussion on expert evidence. This research also deals with the evidential value of DNA evidence, as well as possible problems faced by prosecutors and defence attorneys when dealing with DNA evidence. The Criminal Law (Forensic Procedures) Amendment Act is still very new, and therefore, there is not yet much case law in South Africa specifically dealing with the sections of the said Act. This research makes submissions and recommendations regarding certain sections of the Act, as well as the overall constitutionality of the Act.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Laing, Samantha Robyn
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: DNA fingerprinting -- Law and legislation -- South Africa Criminal procedure -- South Africa , Evidence, Criminal -- South Africa Forensic sciences -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18619 , vital:28692
- Description: The Criminal Law (Forensic Procedures) Amendment Act 37 of 2013 came into operation in January 2015. The Act makes provision for the establishment of a National Forensic DNA Database, which will store DNA profiles of certain groups of people. This research will discuss the establishment of a forensic DNA database in South Africa. The legal position in the United States of America will also be considered, with specific reference to the states of Maryland, California and New York. This research will focus predominantly on the collection of DNA samples and profiles from arrestees. When such samples are allowed to be collected, what offences warrant the collection of such samples and the period within which the DNA samples need to be destroyed. Collecting DNA samples and profiles from certain persons could potentially violate particular rights in the Bill of Rights. The rights to privacy, bodily integrity, equality and human dignity are discussed as well as the approach the courts have adopted in dealing with such infringements or possible infringements. This research furthermore deals with the historical developments of DNA evidence and contains a brief discussion on expert evidence. This research also deals with the evidential value of DNA evidence, as well as possible problems faced by prosecutors and defence attorneys when dealing with DNA evidence. The Criminal Law (Forensic Procedures) Amendment Act is still very new, and therefore, there is not yet much case law in South Africa specifically dealing with the sections of the said Act. This research makes submissions and recommendations regarding certain sections of the Act, as well as the overall constitutionality of the Act.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The contribution of agriculture to rural development in Mbashe Municipality
- Authors: Malusi, Phaphama Paul
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture and state -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18123 , vital:28578
- Description: Despite the decreasing contribution of agriculture to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in South Africa, agricultural activities are critical in the development of rural households. These activities are an important route through which these rural communities can reduce poverty. This is mainly because agriculture has been the main source of income and employment in rural areas in South Africa and other less developed countries (LDC). However, it has not generated sufficient income to sustain rural households. Rural areas are characterised by factors such as low socio-economic conditions, low standards of living, lack of access to markets and inadequate infrastructure that does not create an enabling environment for private sector involvement. The private sector is not actively involved or engaged in rural development. Rural development involves improvement in the economic security of people in rural areas. It is poor households that look for employment in agriculture. The poor are portrayed in terms of qualifications, employment, access to resources, basic health services, skills possessed, self- sustaining activities, and income and expenditure patterns. Many individuals in rural areas are pushed into non-agricultural activities due to lack of opportunities in agricultural activities. Lack of opportunities in agriculture can be caused by subsistence agriculture in small holdings of land and lack of appropriate skills sets for certain agricultural activities. Ultimately, it is poor individuals who increase their dependence on agriculture. The primary objective of this research was to obtain a better understanding of the contribution of agriculture in rural development in the Mbhashe Local Municipality (MLM). Furthermore, the necessary conditions required to sustain livelihoods in the rural areas were identified. This was mainly done in an attempt to improve the quality of life in the rural areas. The study was based on three objectives. The first objective was to identify the constraints to agricultural activities in the Mbashe Local Municipality; the second was to investigate the plight of rural people in the Mbhashe Local Municipality. Lastly, the third objective was to investigate the contribution of agriculture in rural development in the study area. The main finding with regards to the first objective is that facors such as lack of infrastructure, low socio-economic conditions, lack of appropriate skills and lack of opportunities in agriculture are some of the constraints to agricultural activities. Investments in basic infrastructure need to be significant so that funds can flow into the rural areas to be invested in livelihood activities in order to create more employment opportunities. With regard to the second objective, the main finding is that rural people need to be empowered through increased knowledge and skills. This involves improving literacy and skills training, because the outcome of this training is that they are able to stand on their own feet and provide for their families. The main finding with regard to the third objective is that rural areas, by nature, are not easy to service but have indigenous knowledge that can be used in agriculture. However, the government must support them with the necessary infrastructure. Agriculture has been a major source of income and employment in the Mbashe Municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Malusi, Phaphama Paul
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture and state -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18123 , vital:28578
- Description: Despite the decreasing contribution of agriculture to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in South Africa, agricultural activities are critical in the development of rural households. These activities are an important route through which these rural communities can reduce poverty. This is mainly because agriculture has been the main source of income and employment in rural areas in South Africa and other less developed countries (LDC). However, it has not generated sufficient income to sustain rural households. Rural areas are characterised by factors such as low socio-economic conditions, low standards of living, lack of access to markets and inadequate infrastructure that does not create an enabling environment for private sector involvement. The private sector is not actively involved or engaged in rural development. Rural development involves improvement in the economic security of people in rural areas. It is poor households that look for employment in agriculture. The poor are portrayed in terms of qualifications, employment, access to resources, basic health services, skills possessed, self- sustaining activities, and income and expenditure patterns. Many individuals in rural areas are pushed into non-agricultural activities due to lack of opportunities in agricultural activities. Lack of opportunities in agriculture can be caused by subsistence agriculture in small holdings of land and lack of appropriate skills sets for certain agricultural activities. Ultimately, it is poor individuals who increase their dependence on agriculture. The primary objective of this research was to obtain a better understanding of the contribution of agriculture in rural development in the Mbhashe Local Municipality (MLM). Furthermore, the necessary conditions required to sustain livelihoods in the rural areas were identified. This was mainly done in an attempt to improve the quality of life in the rural areas. The study was based on three objectives. The first objective was to identify the constraints to agricultural activities in the Mbashe Local Municipality; the second was to investigate the plight of rural people in the Mbhashe Local Municipality. Lastly, the third objective was to investigate the contribution of agriculture in rural development in the study area. The main finding with regards to the first objective is that facors such as lack of infrastructure, low socio-economic conditions, lack of appropriate skills and lack of opportunities in agriculture are some of the constraints to agricultural activities. Investments in basic infrastructure need to be significant so that funds can flow into the rural areas to be invested in livelihood activities in order to create more employment opportunities. With regard to the second objective, the main finding is that rural people need to be empowered through increased knowledge and skills. This involves improving literacy and skills training, because the outcome of this training is that they are able to stand on their own feet and provide for their families. The main finding with regard to the third objective is that rural areas, by nature, are not easy to service but have indigenous knowledge that can be used in agriculture. However, the government must support them with the necessary infrastructure. Agriculture has been a major source of income and employment in the Mbashe Municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The contribution of communal sheep production to household welfare in Nyadeni local municipality under alternative extension regimes
- Authors: Ngqulana, Athenkosi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Sheep -- Breeding -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Communal rangelands -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MAgric
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13270 , vital:39629
- Description: Sheep farming seems to have a rich profile in the improvement of the livelihoods in the deprived parts of developing countries throughout the world. The broad objective of this study is to assess the contribution of sheep production to household welfare under alternative extension regimes. Specifically, this research investigated the methods used to deliver extension services, perceptions of communal sheep farmers towards extension delivery services and contribution of communal sheep production to household welfare. The study was conducted in Nyandeni Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province and employed survey data obtained from 105 households practising sheep production. Cross-sectional research design and purposive sampling technique was used. Descriptive statistics was used to examine socio-economic characteristics and extension methods used to improve sheep production. Likert scale was used to rate perceptions of sheep producers and extension services given And a T-test analyses was conducted to test its reliability. Linear multiple regression model was used to estimate the contribution of sheep production to rural household’s welfare. The descriptive statistics results show that males were dominant with a representation of 55.2 percent and 44.8 percent were females. Moreover, the majority of households were aged, being above 61 years on average. The results showed high levels of illiteracy amongst household sheep producers with 54 percent having no formal education and average number of years farmers spent in school was 7 years and less. About 62 percent of the households were married and 54 percent was found to be unemployed. Farming was found to be the major agricultural economic activity. The results also shows that there is one type of extension method used in the area which was the group method through the use of group meetings. This finding was surprising as it was different from the results that were expected given prior information obtained from the literature and extension service. Therefore the study was unable to conclude on which of the extension method was most effective since the households were not exposed to different regimes. From the Likert-scale analysis, although all households received extension services many (58 percent) of respondents were not satisfied with the services they received. In order to run the regression, diagnostic checks were done to check if multicollinearity existed in the variables. Linear multiple regression analysis results indicate that sheep production contributes to household income and welfare. However, household sheep production was influenced by a number of factors such as educational level, household size, number of sheep sold and sheep price while age was found to adversely affect sheep production in the study area. Farmers require to be trained on sheep production and necessary methods required for sheep production as to increase percent received extension services many (58 percent) of respondents were not satisfied with the services they received. In order to run the regression, diagnostic checks were done to check if multicollinearity existed in the variables. Linear multiple regression analysis results indicate that sheep production contributes to household income and welfare. However, household sheep production was influenced by a number of factors such as educational level, household size, number of sheep sold and sheep price while age was found to adversely affect sheep production in the study area. Farmers require to be trained on sheep production and necessary methods required for sheep production as to increase their household income and welfare through the improvement of the factors that affected sheep significantly. Also since the farmers were exposed on one regime there is a need for extension agents to use more than one extension regime to improve production.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Ngqulana, Athenkosi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Sheep -- Breeding -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Communal rangelands -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MAgric
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13270 , vital:39629
- Description: Sheep farming seems to have a rich profile in the improvement of the livelihoods in the deprived parts of developing countries throughout the world. The broad objective of this study is to assess the contribution of sheep production to household welfare under alternative extension regimes. Specifically, this research investigated the methods used to deliver extension services, perceptions of communal sheep farmers towards extension delivery services and contribution of communal sheep production to household welfare. The study was conducted in Nyandeni Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province and employed survey data obtained from 105 households practising sheep production. Cross-sectional research design and purposive sampling technique was used. Descriptive statistics was used to examine socio-economic characteristics and extension methods used to improve sheep production. Likert scale was used to rate perceptions of sheep producers and extension services given And a T-test analyses was conducted to test its reliability. Linear multiple regression model was used to estimate the contribution of sheep production to rural household’s welfare. The descriptive statistics results show that males were dominant with a representation of 55.2 percent and 44.8 percent were females. Moreover, the majority of households were aged, being above 61 years on average. The results showed high levels of illiteracy amongst household sheep producers with 54 percent having no formal education and average number of years farmers spent in school was 7 years and less. About 62 percent of the households were married and 54 percent was found to be unemployed. Farming was found to be the major agricultural economic activity. The results also shows that there is one type of extension method used in the area which was the group method through the use of group meetings. This finding was surprising as it was different from the results that were expected given prior information obtained from the literature and extension service. Therefore the study was unable to conclude on which of the extension method was most effective since the households were not exposed to different regimes. From the Likert-scale analysis, although all households received extension services many (58 percent) of respondents were not satisfied with the services they received. In order to run the regression, diagnostic checks were done to check if multicollinearity existed in the variables. Linear multiple regression analysis results indicate that sheep production contributes to household income and welfare. However, household sheep production was influenced by a number of factors such as educational level, household size, number of sheep sold and sheep price while age was found to adversely affect sheep production in the study area. Farmers require to be trained on sheep production and necessary methods required for sheep production as to increase percent received extension services many (58 percent) of respondents were not satisfied with the services they received. In order to run the regression, diagnostic checks were done to check if multicollinearity existed in the variables. Linear multiple regression analysis results indicate that sheep production contributes to household income and welfare. However, household sheep production was influenced by a number of factors such as educational level, household size, number of sheep sold and sheep price while age was found to adversely affect sheep production in the study area. Farmers require to be trained on sheep production and necessary methods required for sheep production as to increase their household income and welfare through the improvement of the factors that affected sheep significantly. Also since the farmers were exposed on one regime there is a need for extension agents to use more than one extension regime to improve production.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The contribution of management accounting practices to the success of a manufacturing business: a case study of Namibia Breweries limited
- Kapulwa, Aina Tulipunye Ndahekelekwa
- Authors: Kapulwa, Aina Tulipunye Ndahekelekwa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Managerial accounting -- Namibia Cost accounting -- Namibia , Breweries -- Namibia -- Finance Namibia Breweries Limited -- Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17777 , vital:28453
- Description: Manufacturing plays a significant role in the economy of Namibia, and yet is not performing as anticipated. In this study, the role management accounting plays in the success of a manufacturing business is explored. The research study was guided by the question of whether management accounting practices have an impact on the success of a manufacturing business through decision-making, business strategy formulation and implementation processes, as well as business performance as a whole. The research methodology used for this study is a qualitative case study of the manufacturer, Namibia Breweries Limited. This study used the insight of managers involved in the business strategy formulation and implementation, as well as in the decision-making process. The interviews focused on three themes: the contribution of management accounting practices through the business strategy and decision-making process, the influence of management accounting on business performance, and finally, the management accounting systems used in a manufacturing business. The findings of the study demonstrate that there needs to be greater awareness regarding the influence of management accounting practices on the success of a manufacturing business. Also, periodic appraisals on financial performance, quality of products and personnel performance, as well as a thorough understanding of the costing system, can be essential to the success of a manufacturing business.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Kapulwa, Aina Tulipunye Ndahekelekwa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Managerial accounting -- Namibia Cost accounting -- Namibia , Breweries -- Namibia -- Finance Namibia Breweries Limited -- Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17777 , vital:28453
- Description: Manufacturing plays a significant role in the economy of Namibia, and yet is not performing as anticipated. In this study, the role management accounting plays in the success of a manufacturing business is explored. The research study was guided by the question of whether management accounting practices have an impact on the success of a manufacturing business through decision-making, business strategy formulation and implementation processes, as well as business performance as a whole. The research methodology used for this study is a qualitative case study of the manufacturer, Namibia Breweries Limited. This study used the insight of managers involved in the business strategy formulation and implementation, as well as in the decision-making process. The interviews focused on three themes: the contribution of management accounting practices through the business strategy and decision-making process, the influence of management accounting on business performance, and finally, the management accounting systems used in a manufacturing business. The findings of the study demonstrate that there needs to be greater awareness regarding the influence of management accounting practices on the success of a manufacturing business. Also, periodic appraisals on financial performance, quality of products and personnel performance, as well as a thorough understanding of the costing system, can be essential to the success of a manufacturing business.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The contribution of reward systems to enhance employee engagement
- Authors: Liberty, Chantel Karen
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Incentives in industry -- South Africa Employee motivation -- South Africa , Compensation management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18608 , vital:28691
- Description: Increasing competition within the freight transportation market in South Africa has intensified the need for rail industries to identify ways in which to enhance their competitiveness within this market. One of the most important challenges for organisations’ operating in this market is to deliver goods on time, while meeting the needs of customers, at the lowest possible cost. If such organisations are to remain competitive, it may be required of them to shift their focus to their employees. Research has shown that employees render organisations’ with sustainable competitive advantage, more specifically, it has shown that engaged employees surpass disengaged employees. The distinguishing factor for organisations’ in the search of competitive advantage would therefore be an engaged workforce. The primary research objective of this study was to investigate contribution of reward systems to enhanced employee engagement within Transnet Engineering (TE) in Swartkops, Port Elizabeth. A theoretical overview was conducted to evaluate different definitions, engagement theories and factors of reward systems which contribute to enhanced employee engagement. An empirical study was conducted by means of a survey with a questionnaire as data collecting tool. The purpose of the structured questionnaire was to validate the findings obtained from the theoretical overview and to assess employees’ perceptions of reward systems and engagement. Recommendations were made based on the findings of the literature and empirical study. These recommendations will assist the organisation in understanding how reward systems can be used to enhance employee engagement, so that a competitive advantage can be achieved within the freight transportation market.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Liberty, Chantel Karen
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Incentives in industry -- South Africa Employee motivation -- South Africa , Compensation management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18608 , vital:28691
- Description: Increasing competition within the freight transportation market in South Africa has intensified the need for rail industries to identify ways in which to enhance their competitiveness within this market. One of the most important challenges for organisations’ operating in this market is to deliver goods on time, while meeting the needs of customers, at the lowest possible cost. If such organisations are to remain competitive, it may be required of them to shift their focus to their employees. Research has shown that employees render organisations’ with sustainable competitive advantage, more specifically, it has shown that engaged employees surpass disengaged employees. The distinguishing factor for organisations’ in the search of competitive advantage would therefore be an engaged workforce. The primary research objective of this study was to investigate contribution of reward systems to enhanced employee engagement within Transnet Engineering (TE) in Swartkops, Port Elizabeth. A theoretical overview was conducted to evaluate different definitions, engagement theories and factors of reward systems which contribute to enhanced employee engagement. An empirical study was conducted by means of a survey with a questionnaire as data collecting tool. The purpose of the structured questionnaire was to validate the findings obtained from the theoretical overview and to assess employees’ perceptions of reward systems and engagement. Recommendations were made based on the findings of the literature and empirical study. These recommendations will assist the organisation in understanding how reward systems can be used to enhance employee engagement, so that a competitive advantage can be achieved within the freight transportation market.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The Daily Dispatch's political coverage of the Eastern Cape Provincial government: 1 January 2013 – 31 December 2013
- Authors: Ramncwana, Ayanda
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Journalism -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Mass media -- Political aspects -- South Africa , Press -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19905 , vital:29004
- Description: The Daily Dispatch, a newspaper based in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, has a long history of political reporting. Arguably, it reached the zenith of its prominence during the era of political activism of the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM), under the leadership of Bantu Steve Biko, who was martyred by the apartheid government in 1977. Biko was at the time based in King William’s Town, in the Eastern Cape. The newspaper, at the time edited by Donald Woods, held the view that Biko was preaching a doctrine of hatred against White people, and Woods took it upon himself to challenge Biko. This saw Woods gaining a better understanding of the BCM and Biko, and hiring into the Daily Dispatch’s newsroom a number of pro-Black Consciousness journalists. The newspaper then proceeded to cover not only the BCM, but also other pro-democracy movements until the demise of apartheid and the emergence of the African National Congress-led government under the presidency of Nelson Mandela. With the emergence of the ANC-led government, there was an expectation that newspapers and journalists that had opposed apartheid and supported the liberation struggle would continue supporting the freedom fighters-turned-career-politicians. This was especially so because some pro-ANC politicians-turned-businessmen acquired a stake in media ownership. It is against this background that this study investigated the political coverage by the Daily Dispatch of the Eastern Cape Provincial Government during the period 1 January – 30 December 2013. Taking into cognisance the changing hands of the ownership of the Daily Dispatch, the Political Economy theory, which focuses on the link between ownership of the media and its role in society, was employed as a theoretical framework. The study utilised the qualitative research methodology, specifically interviews and content analysis, as research techniques (methods). The research found that despite the changes in the ownership of the Daily Dispatch, the newspaper provided independent political coverage of the ANC-led government in the Eastern Cape during the research period.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Ramncwana, Ayanda
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Journalism -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Mass media -- Political aspects -- South Africa , Press -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19905 , vital:29004
- Description: The Daily Dispatch, a newspaper based in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, has a long history of political reporting. Arguably, it reached the zenith of its prominence during the era of political activism of the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM), under the leadership of Bantu Steve Biko, who was martyred by the apartheid government in 1977. Biko was at the time based in King William’s Town, in the Eastern Cape. The newspaper, at the time edited by Donald Woods, held the view that Biko was preaching a doctrine of hatred against White people, and Woods took it upon himself to challenge Biko. This saw Woods gaining a better understanding of the BCM and Biko, and hiring into the Daily Dispatch’s newsroom a number of pro-Black Consciousness journalists. The newspaper then proceeded to cover not only the BCM, but also other pro-democracy movements until the demise of apartheid and the emergence of the African National Congress-led government under the presidency of Nelson Mandela. With the emergence of the ANC-led government, there was an expectation that newspapers and journalists that had opposed apartheid and supported the liberation struggle would continue supporting the freedom fighters-turned-career-politicians. This was especially so because some pro-ANC politicians-turned-businessmen acquired a stake in media ownership. It is against this background that this study investigated the political coverage by the Daily Dispatch of the Eastern Cape Provincial Government during the period 1 January – 30 December 2013. Taking into cognisance the changing hands of the ownership of the Daily Dispatch, the Political Economy theory, which focuses on the link between ownership of the media and its role in society, was employed as a theoretical framework. The study utilised the qualitative research methodology, specifically interviews and content analysis, as research techniques (methods). The research found that despite the changes in the ownership of the Daily Dispatch, the newspaper provided independent political coverage of the ANC-led government in the Eastern Cape during the research period.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The deductibility of damages and associated legal expenses for the purposes of determining taxable income in South Africa
- Authors: Madovi, Ezekiel
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Damages -- Taxation -- South Africa , South Africa. Income Tax Act, 1962
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4344 , vital:20650
- Description: The deduction of damages and the associated legal costs must satisfy the requirements of the preamble to section 11 and section 11(a) of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962, read with section 23(g) (referred to as the general deduction formula). This research examined under what circumstances a payer of damages and the associated legal costs would be able to claim a deduction from taxable income. This research also considered whether or not the issue of fault is a relevant consideration in determining whether a deduction should be allowed. In some cases the courts appear to have disallowed a deduction if the expenditure or loss was incurred as a result of a negligent or unlawful act. In other instances the courts have allowed the deduction of damages despite the expenditure or loss having been incurred as a result of a negligent or unlawful act. The research concludes that negligence is not a relevant consideration in the deduction of damages and the associated legal costs. In order to secure a claim for damages the taxpayer must prove that the expenditure was incurred in the production of income and it was expended for the purposes of trade. Associated legal costs are only deductible if the damages satisfy the requirements of section 11(c).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Madovi, Ezekiel
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Damages -- Taxation -- South Africa , South Africa. Income Tax Act, 1962
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4344 , vital:20650
- Description: The deduction of damages and the associated legal costs must satisfy the requirements of the preamble to section 11 and section 11(a) of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962, read with section 23(g) (referred to as the general deduction formula). This research examined under what circumstances a payer of damages and the associated legal costs would be able to claim a deduction from taxable income. This research also considered whether or not the issue of fault is a relevant consideration in determining whether a deduction should be allowed. In some cases the courts appear to have disallowed a deduction if the expenditure or loss was incurred as a result of a negligent or unlawful act. In other instances the courts have allowed the deduction of damages despite the expenditure or loss having been incurred as a result of a negligent or unlawful act. The research concludes that negligence is not a relevant consideration in the deduction of damages and the associated legal costs. In order to secure a claim for damages the taxpayer must prove that the expenditure was incurred in the production of income and it was expended for the purposes of trade. Associated legal costs are only deductible if the damages satisfy the requirements of section 11(c).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The defence of battered woman syndrome
- Matyobeni, Phathiswa Vanesharee
- Authors: Matyobeni, Phathiswa Vanesharee
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Abused women -- South Africa , Battered woman syndrome -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45432 , vital:38616
- Description: Women in South Africa are a vulnerable group, who face threats of violence and abuse daily. The worst aspect of this being domestic abuse or intimate partner violence. Domestic abuse between partners is a common occurrence that results not only from a power imbalance in the relationship but from expectations of society regarding the role of the woman and accepted behaviours, regarding the disciplining of the wife, that is held by communities. Despite attempts by law enforcement and the State to minimise and control domestic abuse; domestic abuse remains on the rise. These women find themselves unprotected and facing possible death at the hands of a loved one. In fear for their lives, these women resolve to kill their partners before their husbands kill them. This changes their status from victim to perpetrator. Consequently, they face prosecution.This dilemma is not unique to South Africa, and as a result, author Lenore Walker created Battered Woman Syndrome. This syndrome was created to explain the experience of these women and answer the questions as to why these women remain in these relationships. Also explained is why they feel trapped. This is a psychological theory that has been used by courts in Australia and the United States to assist the battered woman in justifying her actions when claiming self-defence. South Africa, however, has not made use of Battered Woman Syndrome when defending the battered woman in South African courts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Matyobeni, Phathiswa Vanesharee
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Abused women -- South Africa , Battered woman syndrome -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45432 , vital:38616
- Description: Women in South Africa are a vulnerable group, who face threats of violence and abuse daily. The worst aspect of this being domestic abuse or intimate partner violence. Domestic abuse between partners is a common occurrence that results not only from a power imbalance in the relationship but from expectations of society regarding the role of the woman and accepted behaviours, regarding the disciplining of the wife, that is held by communities. Despite attempts by law enforcement and the State to minimise and control domestic abuse; domestic abuse remains on the rise. These women find themselves unprotected and facing possible death at the hands of a loved one. In fear for their lives, these women resolve to kill their partners before their husbands kill them. This changes their status from victim to perpetrator. Consequently, they face prosecution.This dilemma is not unique to South Africa, and as a result, author Lenore Walker created Battered Woman Syndrome. This syndrome was created to explain the experience of these women and answer the questions as to why these women remain in these relationships. Also explained is why they feel trapped. This is a psychological theory that has been used by courts in Australia and the United States to assist the battered woman in justifying her actions when claiming self-defence. South Africa, however, has not made use of Battered Woman Syndrome when defending the battered woman in South African courts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The design of a boarding school for displaced children near Graaff-Reinet
- Authors: Akom, Chelcie Jade
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: School buildings -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School buildings -- Specifications -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Architecture -- Designs and plans Graaff-Reinet (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17888 , vital:28479
- Description: The treatise developed from a preoccupation with regards to the theories rooted around the human need for a sense of embeddedness in a specific place. This need lies deep within the human heart, as humans have a psychological and phenomenological need for a sense of comfort and security. The preoccupation lead to the notions pertaining to place to place making. The treatise acknowledges that certain places have the ability to evoke certain moods in human beings as a result of their extension and character, and when a place possesses a certain character it becomes meaningful to man. In order for man to fulfill his need to dwell amid the earth and sky, he has to orientate himself and identify with the natural place in which he is located.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Akom, Chelcie Jade
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: School buildings -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School buildings -- Specifications -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Architecture -- Designs and plans Graaff-Reinet (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17888 , vital:28479
- Description: The treatise developed from a preoccupation with regards to the theories rooted around the human need for a sense of embeddedness in a specific place. This need lies deep within the human heart, as humans have a psychological and phenomenological need for a sense of comfort and security. The preoccupation lead to the notions pertaining to place to place making. The treatise acknowledges that certain places have the ability to evoke certain moods in human beings as a result of their extension and character, and when a place possesses a certain character it becomes meaningful to man. In order for man to fulfill his need to dwell amid the earth and sky, he has to orientate himself and identify with the natural place in which he is located.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The design of a brick factory at Swartkops, Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Birkholtz, Matthew Carl
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Factories -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans , Architecture, Industrial -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans , Architecture, Modern -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17866 , vital:28462
- Description: This treatise is preoccupied with the nature of industrial architecture and its impact on the landscape. The study is informed by the need for an ecocentric approach to the nature of cradle-to-grave modes of production (McDonough 2002) from the 1900s that contaminate the environment with the waste produced and through the ways in which raw materials are obtained for production. The project developed out of an interest in the effects of industry on the landscape, with the researcher initially identifying a type of industry, the way its processes are managed, and its effects on the environment. Clay brick manufacturing has been a local tradition for many years. Brick is one of the oldest construction materials, but the ways in which bricks are manufactured can be improved, particularly in terms of energy efficiency and the environmental impact of mining. The selection of a suitable site involved a study of the city of Port Elizabeth to identify a site that has been contaminated through industrial processing within a threatened critical biodiversity area on the periphery of the city. The EP Brick site in the Swartkops area met all the criteria for a suitable site and programme that can be managed by a system of phased planning over a period governed by the availability of clay material for brick making. Moreover, a common problem with the nature of the industrial landscape is the mono-functionality of industrial buildings that outlive their design intention and become vacant eyesores on the landscape, inevitably decaying over time due to the undesirable and costly implementation of reuse strategies. By 2017, the EP Brick yard had entered its third generation of family ownership, according to co-owner Billy Martin (2017). In addition, because the brickyard site contained only 35 years’ worth of clay within its boundaries at this time, the limited availability of resources encourages a building that is flexible in nature to allow the transformation of its programme and function. Due to the destructive nature of clay mining and the adjacent industrial Enviroserv waste management dumpsite, the site provides the opportunity for a building that is adaptive for future reuse, specifically from an ecosystemic brick factory to a waste management facility, to extend its lifespan and begin remediation of the waste dump site. The building will be designed with a system of impermanent and permanent structures to allow it to be demountable. The permanent structure will be left on the landscape to be reused once the building transforms. The transformed building on the remediated site will be presented to the public to be used for recreation and for the purchasing of biogas and recycled products from waste. Furthermore, the new energy-efficient brick factory strives to create a harmonious working environment for its staff, making use of natural light and air to invite nature indoors. It uses renewable energy sources to minimize its impact by excluding fossil fuels and national power, which supports its function as part of the ecosystem to provide remediation of the fractured landscape damaged by mining and waste disposal on the adjacent site. Creating a new model for the industrial typology within the precinct will establish ecocentric regulations that redefine industrial production and waste management techniques to alleviate the pressure on threatened critical biodiversity areas. This will encourage the implementation of similar regulations in surrounding factories.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Birkholtz, Matthew Carl
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Factories -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans , Architecture, Industrial -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans , Architecture, Modern -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17866 , vital:28462
- Description: This treatise is preoccupied with the nature of industrial architecture and its impact on the landscape. The study is informed by the need for an ecocentric approach to the nature of cradle-to-grave modes of production (McDonough 2002) from the 1900s that contaminate the environment with the waste produced and through the ways in which raw materials are obtained for production. The project developed out of an interest in the effects of industry on the landscape, with the researcher initially identifying a type of industry, the way its processes are managed, and its effects on the environment. Clay brick manufacturing has been a local tradition for many years. Brick is one of the oldest construction materials, but the ways in which bricks are manufactured can be improved, particularly in terms of energy efficiency and the environmental impact of mining. The selection of a suitable site involved a study of the city of Port Elizabeth to identify a site that has been contaminated through industrial processing within a threatened critical biodiversity area on the periphery of the city. The EP Brick site in the Swartkops area met all the criteria for a suitable site and programme that can be managed by a system of phased planning over a period governed by the availability of clay material for brick making. Moreover, a common problem with the nature of the industrial landscape is the mono-functionality of industrial buildings that outlive their design intention and become vacant eyesores on the landscape, inevitably decaying over time due to the undesirable and costly implementation of reuse strategies. By 2017, the EP Brick yard had entered its third generation of family ownership, according to co-owner Billy Martin (2017). In addition, because the brickyard site contained only 35 years’ worth of clay within its boundaries at this time, the limited availability of resources encourages a building that is flexible in nature to allow the transformation of its programme and function. Due to the destructive nature of clay mining and the adjacent industrial Enviroserv waste management dumpsite, the site provides the opportunity for a building that is adaptive for future reuse, specifically from an ecosystemic brick factory to a waste management facility, to extend its lifespan and begin remediation of the waste dump site. The building will be designed with a system of impermanent and permanent structures to allow it to be demountable. The permanent structure will be left on the landscape to be reused once the building transforms. The transformed building on the remediated site will be presented to the public to be used for recreation and for the purchasing of biogas and recycled products from waste. Furthermore, the new energy-efficient brick factory strives to create a harmonious working environment for its staff, making use of natural light and air to invite nature indoors. It uses renewable energy sources to minimize its impact by excluding fossil fuels and national power, which supports its function as part of the ecosystem to provide remediation of the fractured landscape damaged by mining and waste disposal on the adjacent site. Creating a new model for the industrial typology within the precinct will establish ecocentric regulations that redefine industrial production and waste management techniques to alleviate the pressure on threatened critical biodiversity areas. This will encourage the implementation of similar regulations in surrounding factories.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The design of a new muncipal council chamber in central Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Cizek, Judy Ann
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Municipal buildings -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans , Architecture -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plan , Architecture -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39315 , vital:35078
- Description: The student protests in South Africa in 2015 and 2016 that called for ‘decolonisation’ sparked an interest in the contested heritage of a multi-cultural society. In the South African context, there are different experiences and perceptions of the past that have resulted in contested narratives that compete for dominance in the collective memory of society today. Colonialism and its ideologies have shaped the South African built environment, as well as the social construct. Colonialism may not still be an active agent today, but its legacy continues to filter into the lives of South Africans. Apartheid was an extreme extension of colonialist ideology. Since the dawn of South Africa’s democracy, the country has been in a state of post-regime hangover and faced with the task of building a new national identity. This treatise explores the notions of memory and identity to position the indigenous cultures of Southern Africa next to the dominance of colonial culture and to create a dialogue between the legacy of colonial built heritage and post-colonial national identity. Port Elizabeth is the ideal context in which to explore the realm of post-colonial identity in architecture, as it was the first major British settler town and formed the heart of British colonialism. The Old Post Office building complex in Port Elizabeth offers an opportunity for the explorations of postcolonial theory, as it is undoubtedly a colonial building and needs drastic intervention, which could allow more room for adaptation than a building that is in better condition. The building programme for the adaptive reuse of the Old Post Office building complex will be a new municipal council chamber and offices which will act as an extension to the Port Elizabeth city hall. The aim of this treatise is to design an appropriate architectural intervention for the Old Post Office building in Central Port Elizabeth. This architectural intervention must acknowledge and respect the colonial heritage but focus on being a post-colonial building of the future by becoming a useful and relevant place for the people of Central Port Elizabeth. This is achieved through understanding what it means to be postcolonial and what this means for architecture by understanding the spatial implications of colonial planning in Port Elizabeth, the spatial planning of indigenous South African statement patterns and the heritage laws and conservation principles. This will be done through literature reviews, spatial studies, interviews and precedent studies in order to find a strategy for designing a new municipal council chamber in for the Old Post Office building complex in Port Elizabeth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Cizek, Judy Ann
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Municipal buildings -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans , Architecture -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plan , Architecture -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39315 , vital:35078
- Description: The student protests in South Africa in 2015 and 2016 that called for ‘decolonisation’ sparked an interest in the contested heritage of a multi-cultural society. In the South African context, there are different experiences and perceptions of the past that have resulted in contested narratives that compete for dominance in the collective memory of society today. Colonialism and its ideologies have shaped the South African built environment, as well as the social construct. Colonialism may not still be an active agent today, but its legacy continues to filter into the lives of South Africans. Apartheid was an extreme extension of colonialist ideology. Since the dawn of South Africa’s democracy, the country has been in a state of post-regime hangover and faced with the task of building a new national identity. This treatise explores the notions of memory and identity to position the indigenous cultures of Southern Africa next to the dominance of colonial culture and to create a dialogue between the legacy of colonial built heritage and post-colonial national identity. Port Elizabeth is the ideal context in which to explore the realm of post-colonial identity in architecture, as it was the first major British settler town and formed the heart of British colonialism. The Old Post Office building complex in Port Elizabeth offers an opportunity for the explorations of postcolonial theory, as it is undoubtedly a colonial building and needs drastic intervention, which could allow more room for adaptation than a building that is in better condition. The building programme for the adaptive reuse of the Old Post Office building complex will be a new municipal council chamber and offices which will act as an extension to the Port Elizabeth city hall. The aim of this treatise is to design an appropriate architectural intervention for the Old Post Office building in Central Port Elizabeth. This architectural intervention must acknowledge and respect the colonial heritage but focus on being a post-colonial building of the future by becoming a useful and relevant place for the people of Central Port Elizabeth. This is achieved through understanding what it means to be postcolonial and what this means for architecture by understanding the spatial implications of colonial planning in Port Elizabeth, the spatial planning of indigenous South African statement patterns and the heritage laws and conservation principles. This will be done through literature reviews, spatial studies, interviews and precedent studies in order to find a strategy for designing a new municipal council chamber in for the Old Post Office building complex in Port Elizabeth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The design of a new school of architecture for Nelson Mandela University: resurrecting the desolated architecture student
- Authors: Meyer, Mareli
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: College buildings -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plan , Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University -- Buildings , Architecture -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39326 , vital:35082
- Description: The Nelson Mandela University (NMU) School of Architecture (SoA) has been operating on the top two floors of the Library building on the NMU South Campus for the past 40 years. Since 2005 Architectural technology and Interior Design have also been operating in the same space. It has become a concern that the space in which these three disciplines operate is not big enough for future growth. As a result, student intake is being capped and the plan to add an Urban and Regional Planning course cannot be executed because there is not enough space to expand. (Dark,2010) (Addendum A & B) This current situation has provided the foundations for the design of a new School of Architecture Building, which will provide adequate space for the future growth of the Department. Further investigation into the current facilities also raise issues of public integration, which becomes a driving idea behind the design of the new school. The research focuses on 1. A critique on architectural education and how spaces can be arranged and articulated to provide a vibrant studio based educational facility that is 2. Integrated into the public realm of a university campus. A Case Study on the existing School of architecture shows that the school has many good features that can be used to design the new school. It suggests that lecture halls can be used as a catalyst for public integration in architecture schools and the large flexible studio space that forms the heart of the school, creates a vibrant interactive learning space in which ideas and art is generated. A precedent study on existing architecture schools is used to establish what the nature of an architecture school is and how the architects have attempted to create well-functioning architecture schools. An Urban Master plan is presented to address the issue of dis-connectivity between the North and South campus of the university. The master plan proposes better connectivity between North and South Campus through a pedestrian boulevard that connects a new forecourt on North Campus to a forecourt on South Campus. The layout and zoning within the urban master plan suggests possible sites for the new structure, based on public activity and accessibility to address the issue of public integration. The SoA will form part of a new forecourt on North Campus which will be an agglomeration of building enclosing a public courtyard of which the Architecture department will form part in becoming the arts precinct on the University Campus. The space in which the current SoA is operating will be used for library facilities, this was the purpose of the space before it was allocated to the Architecture Department for “temporary use.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Meyer, Mareli
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: College buildings -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plan , Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University -- Buildings , Architecture -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39326 , vital:35082
- Description: The Nelson Mandela University (NMU) School of Architecture (SoA) has been operating on the top two floors of the Library building on the NMU South Campus for the past 40 years. Since 2005 Architectural technology and Interior Design have also been operating in the same space. It has become a concern that the space in which these three disciplines operate is not big enough for future growth. As a result, student intake is being capped and the plan to add an Urban and Regional Planning course cannot be executed because there is not enough space to expand. (Dark,2010) (Addendum A & B) This current situation has provided the foundations for the design of a new School of Architecture Building, which will provide adequate space for the future growth of the Department. Further investigation into the current facilities also raise issues of public integration, which becomes a driving idea behind the design of the new school. The research focuses on 1. A critique on architectural education and how spaces can be arranged and articulated to provide a vibrant studio based educational facility that is 2. Integrated into the public realm of a university campus. A Case Study on the existing School of architecture shows that the school has many good features that can be used to design the new school. It suggests that lecture halls can be used as a catalyst for public integration in architecture schools and the large flexible studio space that forms the heart of the school, creates a vibrant interactive learning space in which ideas and art is generated. A precedent study on existing architecture schools is used to establish what the nature of an architecture school is and how the architects have attempted to create well-functioning architecture schools. An Urban Master plan is presented to address the issue of dis-connectivity between the North and South campus of the university. The master plan proposes better connectivity between North and South Campus through a pedestrian boulevard that connects a new forecourt on North Campus to a forecourt on South Campus. The layout and zoning within the urban master plan suggests possible sites for the new structure, based on public activity and accessibility to address the issue of public integration. The SoA will form part of a new forecourt on North Campus which will be an agglomeration of building enclosing a public courtyard of which the Architecture department will form part in becoming the arts precinct on the University Campus. The space in which the current SoA is operating will be used for library facilities, this was the purpose of the space before it was allocated to the Architecture Department for “temporary use.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The design of a Shmashana for the Hindu community in the Baakens valley, Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Bolton, Daniel
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Hindu temples -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans , Hinduism -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth City planning -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17855 , vital:28461
- Description: This treatise explores the consolidation of the Hindu Community’s identity through the design of a Shmashana (Hindu cremation ground) which allows for the conservation and practice of one of their most important rituals, traditional funeral rites. The Hindu community was amongst the first settlers in Port Elizabeth and entrenched in the historical, culturally rich and diverse suburb of South End. South End was later destroyed by the apartheid government and the Hindu community, as well as other communities were forcefully removed from their homes in South End and relocated to other areas forming pockets of ghettos and a segregated city. The proposal to establish a Shmashana will enhance the Hindu community’s cultural identity and reconnect them to South End, as well as a step towards reconciliation for the injustices of apartheid. This study utilises a qualitative research framework using precedent studies and inductive reasoning to formulate a design approach to the Hindu culture and South End as a place and memory. This investigation reveals that for the creation of a Shmashana there are specific site criteria required combined with particular spatial and physical qualities in the location and the cultural and spiritual needs of the Hindu community. These aspects are examined through a phenomenological lens to create an environment which is meaningful to the community and the memory of the pre-apartheid South End district. The writings of Relph (1976), Shamai (2005), Norberg-Schulz (1985), Manzo (2003), Najafi and Shariff (2011) are used to understand a sense of place and how the architecture and users can relate to it. Peter Zumthor’s (2006) characteristics of an atmospheric environment are applied to create an experiential space while the writings of Thomas Barrie (1996) examine the experience of religious sacred space.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Bolton, Daniel
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Hindu temples -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Designs and plans , Hinduism -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth City planning -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17855 , vital:28461
- Description: This treatise explores the consolidation of the Hindu Community’s identity through the design of a Shmashana (Hindu cremation ground) which allows for the conservation and practice of one of their most important rituals, traditional funeral rites. The Hindu community was amongst the first settlers in Port Elizabeth and entrenched in the historical, culturally rich and diverse suburb of South End. South End was later destroyed by the apartheid government and the Hindu community, as well as other communities were forcefully removed from their homes in South End and relocated to other areas forming pockets of ghettos and a segregated city. The proposal to establish a Shmashana will enhance the Hindu community’s cultural identity and reconnect them to South End, as well as a step towards reconciliation for the injustices of apartheid. This study utilises a qualitative research framework using precedent studies and inductive reasoning to formulate a design approach to the Hindu culture and South End as a place and memory. This investigation reveals that for the creation of a Shmashana there are specific site criteria required combined with particular spatial and physical qualities in the location and the cultural and spiritual needs of the Hindu community. These aspects are examined through a phenomenological lens to create an environment which is meaningful to the community and the memory of the pre-apartheid South End district. The writings of Relph (1976), Shamai (2005), Norberg-Schulz (1985), Manzo (2003), Najafi and Shariff (2011) are used to understand a sense of place and how the architecture and users can relate to it. Peter Zumthor’s (2006) characteristics of an atmospheric environment are applied to create an experiential space while the writings of Thomas Barrie (1996) examine the experience of religious sacred space.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The design of an urban hydroponicum: an urban agriculture facility that remediates polluted storm water by utilizing biomimetic processes, that enables vast amounts of food to be grown
- Authors: Bagg, Timothy Kyle
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Architecture, Industrial -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Architecture -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- 21st century , Sustainable urban development , Sustainable buildings
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38783 , vital:34965
- Description: This treatise is founded in a belief that urban ecosystems should not be separate from natural ones and seeks to find ways in which existing urban systems can be reintegrated. This reintegration will be two-fold, providing a remedy for ecologically destructive urban systems as well as providing an opportunity to develop a holistic and sustainable alternative to current practices that generate waste and pollution. The treatise will focus on the management of polluted storm water, specifically along the Walmer catchment area which flows east into Airport Valley and Shark River Valley, and ways in which horticulture building systems can be utilised to achieve remedial action naturally, producing vast amounts of nutritious food for the surrounding community in the process. Impetus for this topic grew out of a concern that the author has for the current state of sustainable practices within South Africa, specifically regarding the relationship between water and agriculture (food). 60 – 70% of South Africa’s water demand is agricultural, with poor water management infrastructure and the current drought severely affecting the agricultural output (food supply) of the country. The increased demand puts immense pressure on South African farmers who have dwindling arable land and less water with which to cultivate crops. South Africa’s population is two thirds urbanised, meaning that most of the population lives in urban centres around the country. This treatise proposes that water-wise urban agricultural systems could be utilised to further cement food and water security in an urban setting by supplementing the food supply chain with local, city-grown produce. The research conducted will generate an architectural and urban intervention that marries the natural with the built environment in a strategically and intentionally designed relationship that exploits synergies between these two environments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Bagg, Timothy Kyle
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Architecture, Industrial -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Architecture -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- 21st century , Sustainable urban development , Sustainable buildings
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38783 , vital:34965
- Description: This treatise is founded in a belief that urban ecosystems should not be separate from natural ones and seeks to find ways in which existing urban systems can be reintegrated. This reintegration will be two-fold, providing a remedy for ecologically destructive urban systems as well as providing an opportunity to develop a holistic and sustainable alternative to current practices that generate waste and pollution. The treatise will focus on the management of polluted storm water, specifically along the Walmer catchment area which flows east into Airport Valley and Shark River Valley, and ways in which horticulture building systems can be utilised to achieve remedial action naturally, producing vast amounts of nutritious food for the surrounding community in the process. Impetus for this topic grew out of a concern that the author has for the current state of sustainable practices within South Africa, specifically regarding the relationship between water and agriculture (food). 60 – 70% of South Africa’s water demand is agricultural, with poor water management infrastructure and the current drought severely affecting the agricultural output (food supply) of the country. The increased demand puts immense pressure on South African farmers who have dwindling arable land and less water with which to cultivate crops. South Africa’s population is two thirds urbanised, meaning that most of the population lives in urban centres around the country. This treatise proposes that water-wise urban agricultural systems could be utilised to further cement food and water security in an urban setting by supplementing the food supply chain with local, city-grown produce. The research conducted will generate an architectural and urban intervention that marries the natural with the built environment in a strategically and intentionally designed relationship that exploits synergies between these two environments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The design of international convention centre in Swakopmund, Namibia
- Authors: Zwart, Hendrikus Johannes
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Convention facilities -- Namibia -- Swakopmund -- Designs and plans Exhibition buildings -- Namibia -- Swakopmund -- Designs and plans
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39348 , vital:35133
- Description: This treatise is a study that concerns itself with the exploration into an international convention and exhibition centre for Namibia and the appropriate architectural response in terms of its program and context. Typically convention centres tend to be large introverted buildings, lacking an engagement with its surroundings and a true sense of place. The study will aim to capture the unique essence, identity, and the spirit of place, which will be key to the development of the brief and expression of the building. The investigation and analysis will bring about a design proposal that aims to respond to the relevant issues and topic of the treatise in a meaningful, sensible, and appropriate architectural manner.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Zwart, Hendrikus Johannes
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Convention facilities -- Namibia -- Swakopmund -- Designs and plans Exhibition buildings -- Namibia -- Swakopmund -- Designs and plans
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39348 , vital:35133
- Description: This treatise is a study that concerns itself with the exploration into an international convention and exhibition centre for Namibia and the appropriate architectural response in terms of its program and context. Typically convention centres tend to be large introverted buildings, lacking an engagement with its surroundings and a true sense of place. The study will aim to capture the unique essence, identity, and the spirit of place, which will be key to the development of the brief and expression of the building. The investigation and analysis will bring about a design proposal that aims to respond to the relevant issues and topic of the treatise in a meaningful, sensible, and appropriate architectural manner.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The determinants of credit default swap spreads in emerging market economies
- Authors: Matakane, Lwazi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Bank loans -- BRIC countries , Risk management -- BRIC countries , Swaps (Finance) -- BRIC countries , BRIC countries -- Economic conditions , Rating agencies (Finance)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7142 , vital:21221
- Description: Emerging markets have become a destination for international portfolio flows as a result of global financial integration. This has allowed exogenous factors like sentiment and developed country monetary policy to affect developing countries capital markets and macroeconomic fundamentals. This study analyses the impact of investor sentiment alongside US monetary policy, country specific risks, inflation and domestic stock returns on the BRICS credit default spreads. To investigate this relationship, the study uses panel data and a fixed effects model. The results of the panel regressions suggest that all variables had an impact on the variation of BRICS credit default spreads however the crisis may have distorted the relationship among the variables. Sovereign ratings had an inverse relationship depicting a rise in ratings decreasing the credit default premium. This was in line with a priori expectations. Domestic company earnings also had an inverse relationship with BRCIS credit default premia, the magnitude of which is dependent on the value of the index. This is to say the higher the index, the more significant the effect on the BRICS default premium. US monetary policy was significant and in line with expectations of a linear relationship between emerging market credit default spreads when controlling for the crisis. In the crisis period however, results depicted an inverse relationship going against a priori expectations. The inflation variable was found to have a greater impact on CDS spreads during the crisis period, while the VIX index had a linear relationship with the default premia albeit the impact was not highly significant. The study concludes that the financial crisis was an important event that affected the relationship of these variables with BRICS country default spreads and had read through to market participant’s behaviour at the time.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Matakane, Lwazi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Bank loans -- BRIC countries , Risk management -- BRIC countries , Swaps (Finance) -- BRIC countries , BRIC countries -- Economic conditions , Rating agencies (Finance)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7142 , vital:21221
- Description: Emerging markets have become a destination for international portfolio flows as a result of global financial integration. This has allowed exogenous factors like sentiment and developed country monetary policy to affect developing countries capital markets and macroeconomic fundamentals. This study analyses the impact of investor sentiment alongside US monetary policy, country specific risks, inflation and domestic stock returns on the BRICS credit default spreads. To investigate this relationship, the study uses panel data and a fixed effects model. The results of the panel regressions suggest that all variables had an impact on the variation of BRICS credit default spreads however the crisis may have distorted the relationship among the variables. Sovereign ratings had an inverse relationship depicting a rise in ratings decreasing the credit default premium. This was in line with a priori expectations. Domestic company earnings also had an inverse relationship with BRCIS credit default premia, the magnitude of which is dependent on the value of the index. This is to say the higher the index, the more significant the effect on the BRICS default premium. US monetary policy was significant and in line with expectations of a linear relationship between emerging market credit default spreads when controlling for the crisis. In the crisis period however, results depicted an inverse relationship going against a priori expectations. The inflation variable was found to have a greater impact on CDS spreads during the crisis period, while the VIX index had a linear relationship with the default premia albeit the impact was not highly significant. The study concludes that the financial crisis was an important event that affected the relationship of these variables with BRICS country default spreads and had read through to market participant’s behaviour at the time.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The determinants of service delivery success in local government: the case of Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Authors: Terblanche, Venessa Hayley
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Municipal services -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality Local government -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Government productivity -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality Performance -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20774 , vital:29388
- Description: Section 153 of the Constitution of South Africa (RSA, 1996) states that “a municipality must structure and manage its administration, budgeting and planning process to give priority to the needs of the community and to promote the social and economic development of the community”. Despite this mandate placed on local government, De Wet and Moseki (2015, p. 61) write that insurgent South Africans engage in violent protests against continued “municipal ineffectiveness in service delivery, poor responsiveness to citizens’ grievances, and a conspicuous consumption entailed by a culture of self-enrichment on the part of councillors and staff”. The Department of Corporate Governance and Traditional Affairs (COGTA ) (2014) identify huge service delivery backlogs, poor communication and accountability relationships with communities, corruption and fraud, poor financial management and insufficient municipal capacity as a result of lack of scarce skills as some of the priority areas impacting hardest on the municipality’s ability to function as a well-performing municipality. Mpofu and Hlatywayo (2015) report that poor performance by workers in local government has been established as one of the major issues affecting the efficient provision of municipal services by municipalities. It thus follows that the performance and conduct of municipal employees need to be improved in order to improve the delivery of basic services to the communities they are to serve. Hanyane and Naidoo (2015) hold the view that without proper service delivery, the achievement of good governance and the effective use of public resources will remain elusive. The primary objective of this study was to contribute to improving the levels of service delivery at a selected municipality by identifying which factors the employees of the municipality consider most effective in improving their levels of service delivery within the organisation. A questionnaire was structured and used to conduct a survey with 65 middle-level managers, senior-level supervisors, middle-level supervisors and operational staff.The study concluded that talent management and retention strategies were the only independent variable that proved to have a significant positive relationship with service delivery within the selected municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Terblanche, Venessa Hayley
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Municipal services -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality Local government -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Government productivity -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality Performance -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20774 , vital:29388
- Description: Section 153 of the Constitution of South Africa (RSA, 1996) states that “a municipality must structure and manage its administration, budgeting and planning process to give priority to the needs of the community and to promote the social and economic development of the community”. Despite this mandate placed on local government, De Wet and Moseki (2015, p. 61) write that insurgent South Africans engage in violent protests against continued “municipal ineffectiveness in service delivery, poor responsiveness to citizens’ grievances, and a conspicuous consumption entailed by a culture of self-enrichment on the part of councillors and staff”. The Department of Corporate Governance and Traditional Affairs (COGTA ) (2014) identify huge service delivery backlogs, poor communication and accountability relationships with communities, corruption and fraud, poor financial management and insufficient municipal capacity as a result of lack of scarce skills as some of the priority areas impacting hardest on the municipality’s ability to function as a well-performing municipality. Mpofu and Hlatywayo (2015) report that poor performance by workers in local government has been established as one of the major issues affecting the efficient provision of municipal services by municipalities. It thus follows that the performance and conduct of municipal employees need to be improved in order to improve the delivery of basic services to the communities they are to serve. Hanyane and Naidoo (2015) hold the view that without proper service delivery, the achievement of good governance and the effective use of public resources will remain elusive. The primary objective of this study was to contribute to improving the levels of service delivery at a selected municipality by identifying which factors the employees of the municipality consider most effective in improving their levels of service delivery within the organisation. A questionnaire was structured and used to conduct a survey with 65 middle-level managers, senior-level supervisors, middle-level supervisors and operational staff.The study concluded that talent management and retention strategies were the only independent variable that proved to have a significant positive relationship with service delivery within the selected municipality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The determinants of tender opportunities in consulting engineering firms in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Viljoen, Dirk Johannes
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Tender offers (Securities) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Consulting engineers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Engineering firms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14102 , vital:27426
- Description: Management of an engineering consultancy unit in the Eastern Cape Province is concerned about the costs incurred by project managers and specialist engineers pursuing tender opportunities that are not feasible. Annual losses in this unit due to unsuccessful tenders amounts to R2,5 million annually, which equates to about 12% of the revenue generated by the unit. The aim of the research study is to assist the consulting engineering firm by investigating and identifying the key determinants for making the decision of whether to bid on a particular tender opportunity. The study includes an assessment of relevant literature, academia and text to investigate key factors that could influence the decision to bid on tenders from which research questions and appropriate theories were drawn. Based on the research questions and theories that emanated from the literature, the study also includes the assessment of primary data through the administration of a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire is empirically analysed within the positivistic research paradigm through the use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made based on the findings of the administered questionnaire.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Viljoen, Dirk Johannes
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Tender offers (Securities) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Consulting engineers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Engineering firms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14102 , vital:27426
- Description: Management of an engineering consultancy unit in the Eastern Cape Province is concerned about the costs incurred by project managers and specialist engineers pursuing tender opportunities that are not feasible. Annual losses in this unit due to unsuccessful tenders amounts to R2,5 million annually, which equates to about 12% of the revenue generated by the unit. The aim of the research study is to assist the consulting engineering firm by investigating and identifying the key determinants for making the decision of whether to bid on a particular tender opportunity. The study includes an assessment of relevant literature, academia and text to investigate key factors that could influence the decision to bid on tenders from which research questions and appropriate theories were drawn. Based on the research questions and theories that emanated from the literature, the study also includes the assessment of primary data through the administration of a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire is empirically analysed within the positivistic research paradigm through the use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made based on the findings of the administered questionnaire.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The development and institutionalisation of knowledge and knowledge-sharing practices relating to the management of healthcare risk waste in a home-based care setting
- Authors: Masilela, Mapula Priscilla
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Medical wastes -- Management -- South Africa -- West Rand , Medical wastes -- Government policy -- South Africa -- West Rand , Environmental health -- South Africa -- West Rand , Environmental health -- Administration -- South Africa -- West Rand , Environmental health -- Government policy -- South Africa -- West Rand
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/13142 , vital:21807
- Description: Improperly managed healthcare risk waste is associated with environmental degradation due to its potential to pollute air, land and water; it also poses a public health threat due to risks to community members (adults and children) who may find themselves exposed to waste that has been disposed of improperly. Despite these obvious environmental health risks, there is little information or legislative guidance on how to effectively manage the healthcare risk waste generated by community health workers who move from house to house and do not operate out of a fixed clinic with formal waste management facilities. This poses a challenge for municipal environmental health practitioners who are mandated to ensure compliance and to monitor the management of healthcare risk waste by community home-based care facilities. This educational study looks at how the knowledge held by environmental health practitioners influences knowledge-sharing practices and management of healthcare risk waste by community health workers, and how these knowledge-sharing practices can be developed and institutionalised. The study takes an interventionist approach within the social constructionist tradition. Cultural- Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) and expansive learning provide the theoretical and methodological framework to surface systemic tensions and contradictions affecting knowledgesharing and healthcare risk waste management practices. A series of Change Laboratory Workshops using the Developmental Work Research methodology enabled a twenty-seven month expansive learning process with selected municipal employees and community health workers in a small South African city. The study found that employees (such as environmental health practitioners and waste inspectors) working in municipal activity systems knew very little about the forms and functions of community home-based care facilities in their municipality. As such, their knowledge-sharing practices about the management of healthcare risk waste were restricted and generally unsystematic, which in turn contributed to inappropriate and often haphazard healthcare risk waste management practices by community health workers. As an interventionist project, the study concluded that the participatory, expansive learning process it initiated had built knowledge-sharing networks, enabled professional boundary crossing and potentially institutionalised better knowledge-sharing practices relevant to the effective management of healthcare risk waste.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Masilela, Mapula Priscilla
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Medical wastes -- Management -- South Africa -- West Rand , Medical wastes -- Government policy -- South Africa -- West Rand , Environmental health -- South Africa -- West Rand , Environmental health -- Administration -- South Africa -- West Rand , Environmental health -- Government policy -- South Africa -- West Rand
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/13142 , vital:21807
- Description: Improperly managed healthcare risk waste is associated with environmental degradation due to its potential to pollute air, land and water; it also poses a public health threat due to risks to community members (adults and children) who may find themselves exposed to waste that has been disposed of improperly. Despite these obvious environmental health risks, there is little information or legislative guidance on how to effectively manage the healthcare risk waste generated by community health workers who move from house to house and do not operate out of a fixed clinic with formal waste management facilities. This poses a challenge for municipal environmental health practitioners who are mandated to ensure compliance and to monitor the management of healthcare risk waste by community home-based care facilities. This educational study looks at how the knowledge held by environmental health practitioners influences knowledge-sharing practices and management of healthcare risk waste by community health workers, and how these knowledge-sharing practices can be developed and institutionalised. The study takes an interventionist approach within the social constructionist tradition. Cultural- Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) and expansive learning provide the theoretical and methodological framework to surface systemic tensions and contradictions affecting knowledgesharing and healthcare risk waste management practices. A series of Change Laboratory Workshops using the Developmental Work Research methodology enabled a twenty-seven month expansive learning process with selected municipal employees and community health workers in a small South African city. The study found that employees (such as environmental health practitioners and waste inspectors) working in municipal activity systems knew very little about the forms and functions of community home-based care facilities in their municipality. As such, their knowledge-sharing practices about the management of healthcare risk waste were restricted and generally unsystematic, which in turn contributed to inappropriate and often haphazard healthcare risk waste management practices by community health workers. As an interventionist project, the study concluded that the participatory, expansive learning process it initiated had built knowledge-sharing networks, enabled professional boundary crossing and potentially institutionalised better knowledge-sharing practices relevant to the effective management of healthcare risk waste.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The development of a co-ordinated communication campaign to enhance participation in netball: applicable to schools in Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Opperman, Ansu
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Sports -- Public relations -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Communication in sports -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Mass media and sports -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth School sports -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Communication
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19828 , vital:28977
- Description: Public relations play an intricate role in communication development strategies within sport, especially netball. The objective of the research is to create a communication campaign incorporated in a public relations programme in aid of the development of netball in Port Elizabeth schools. The significance of the research is to create an understanding of the challenges faced by the learners to participate in netball and to develop the sport. The development of players at a young age is not up to standard when compared to countries where netball is already a professional sport. There is a lack of communication between the different stakeholders, namely the players, coaches and external publics. Qualitative research methods were implemented where primary and secondary data was used to conduct the research. Focus groups were utilised to gather primary data from netball players and coaches. These interviews proved that communication gaps do exist between the different stakeholders of school and netball. An introduction about netball will be discussed. Literature about public relations and communication will be presented. The research methodology will be presenting the research design and research methods used to conduct the research. Characteristics of the schools used in the interviews will be discussed. The research analysis, findings and discussions will present a guideline to be implemented by schools to enhance communication and therefore help develop netball. The research will then be concluded and summarised. Limitations to the study will be discussed as well as recommendations for further study on the topic. Communication plays an important role when trying to build mutual beneficial relationships between the various stakeholders. The results in this research bring to the conclusion that effective communication is needed to enhance and develop netball to ultimately become a professional sport.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Opperman, Ansu
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Sports -- Public relations -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Communication in sports -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Mass media and sports -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth School sports -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Communication
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19828 , vital:28977
- Description: Public relations play an intricate role in communication development strategies within sport, especially netball. The objective of the research is to create a communication campaign incorporated in a public relations programme in aid of the development of netball in Port Elizabeth schools. The significance of the research is to create an understanding of the challenges faced by the learners to participate in netball and to develop the sport. The development of players at a young age is not up to standard when compared to countries where netball is already a professional sport. There is a lack of communication between the different stakeholders, namely the players, coaches and external publics. Qualitative research methods were implemented where primary and secondary data was used to conduct the research. Focus groups were utilised to gather primary data from netball players and coaches. These interviews proved that communication gaps do exist between the different stakeholders of school and netball. An introduction about netball will be discussed. Literature about public relations and communication will be presented. The research methodology will be presenting the research design and research methods used to conduct the research. Characteristics of the schools used in the interviews will be discussed. The research analysis, findings and discussions will present a guideline to be implemented by schools to enhance communication and therefore help develop netball. The research will then be concluded and summarised. Limitations to the study will be discussed as well as recommendations for further study on the topic. Communication plays an important role when trying to build mutual beneficial relationships between the various stakeholders. The results in this research bring to the conclusion that effective communication is needed to enhance and develop netball to ultimately become a professional sport.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017