A reconceptualisation of music performance anxiety
- Authors: Van Schoor, Nina
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Performance anxiety , Music -- Performance -- Psychological aspects , Anxiety
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/167631 , vital:41498
- Description: Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) refers to the potentially debilitating anxiety experienced before and/or during the public performance of music, despite adequate preparation. MPA is generally treated by means of drug therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, psychoanalysis or various relaxation techniques. This research aims to present a different approach to dealing with MPA, based on a reconceptualisation of the concept. As a result, it attempts to unpack all three concepts inherent in the term from both a psychological and philosophical viewpoint. The study used autoethnography as a methodology, as I wished to explore my own lived experience of MPA and anxiety in general, in conjunction with that of my two participants, two other student Western Art music performers, and how our methods for confronting MPA within the performance context itself suggests a more complex understanding of performance and MPA than is reflected in the current literature. Thus the data was collected from two first-person interviews as well as a self-reflective written account. The results of the analysis were that existential anxiety is potentially a contributing factor to MPA, and that performance itself can potentially provide the very means for overcoming not only MPA, but all forms of anxiety, due to the cathartic quality of music as well as performance, especially when the liminal or interstructural, nature of performing and its ritualistic function is explored. This exploration reveals the world and self-disclosing nature of agency and Play, or the potential within experiences to resolve conflicts and reveal otherness. This requires a degree of existential courage, or an affirmative response to the unknown, which is more relational than the definition suggests. In conclusion, this study reconceptualises MPA as a potentially potent existential experience, and that the anxiety in response to it is considered as a reaction to the catharsis inherent in being an agent, rather than merely as an obstacle to be controlled.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Van Schoor, Nina
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Performance anxiety , Music -- Performance -- Psychological aspects , Anxiety
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/167631 , vital:41498
- Description: Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) refers to the potentially debilitating anxiety experienced before and/or during the public performance of music, despite adequate preparation. MPA is generally treated by means of drug therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, psychoanalysis or various relaxation techniques. This research aims to present a different approach to dealing with MPA, based on a reconceptualisation of the concept. As a result, it attempts to unpack all three concepts inherent in the term from both a psychological and philosophical viewpoint. The study used autoethnography as a methodology, as I wished to explore my own lived experience of MPA and anxiety in general, in conjunction with that of my two participants, two other student Western Art music performers, and how our methods for confronting MPA within the performance context itself suggests a more complex understanding of performance and MPA than is reflected in the current literature. Thus the data was collected from two first-person interviews as well as a self-reflective written account. The results of the analysis were that existential anxiety is potentially a contributing factor to MPA, and that performance itself can potentially provide the very means for overcoming not only MPA, but all forms of anxiety, due to the cathartic quality of music as well as performance, especially when the liminal or interstructural, nature of performing and its ritualistic function is explored. This exploration reveals the world and self-disclosing nature of agency and Play, or the potential within experiences to resolve conflicts and reveal otherness. This requires a degree of existential courage, or an affirmative response to the unknown, which is more relational than the definition suggests. In conclusion, this study reconceptualises MPA as a potentially potent existential experience, and that the anxiety in response to it is considered as a reaction to the catharsis inherent in being an agent, rather than merely as an obstacle to be controlled.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A skin that took them through
- Authors: Kgame, Mbali
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , African fiction (English) -- History and criticism , Short stories, South African (English) -- 21st century , Diaries -- Authorship
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147638 , vital:38656
- Description: This project comprises of interlinked fictional short stories capturing experiences of the “invisibilised’’ young people- the street kids, drug addicts, cashiers, childminders, the sick, first graduates etc. These stories are a way to interrogate the fallacy of a “free and fair” South Africa by noting events taking place within homes, communities and countrywide. Told in a playful, innocent, curious, childlike voice and reasoning, my work draws inspiration from Werewere Likings ‘The Amputated Memory,’ for its ability to narrate the current without divorcing the past. I draw inspiration from Liking’s way of writing family connectivity and employing an emerging voice of the narrator starting from being a child scribbling to later becoming an elder. Nana Kwame Adjei-Brenyah’s ‘Black Friday’ for scanning into young black people’s experiences in a society where their bodies move as misfits. My work also draws from Lesley Nneka Arimah’s ‘What It Means When a Man Falls from the Sky’ for the interlinked stories. Lastly the stories in this project take from Sindiwe Magona’s Mother to Mother for humanising bodies that have been reduced to frames.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Kgame, Mbali
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , African fiction (English) -- History and criticism , Short stories, South African (English) -- 21st century , Diaries -- Authorship
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147638 , vital:38656
- Description: This project comprises of interlinked fictional short stories capturing experiences of the “invisibilised’’ young people- the street kids, drug addicts, cashiers, childminders, the sick, first graduates etc. These stories are a way to interrogate the fallacy of a “free and fair” South Africa by noting events taking place within homes, communities and countrywide. Told in a playful, innocent, curious, childlike voice and reasoning, my work draws inspiration from Werewere Likings ‘The Amputated Memory,’ for its ability to narrate the current without divorcing the past. I draw inspiration from Liking’s way of writing family connectivity and employing an emerging voice of the narrator starting from being a child scribbling to later becoming an elder. Nana Kwame Adjei-Brenyah’s ‘Black Friday’ for scanning into young black people’s experiences in a society where their bodies move as misfits. My work also draws from Lesley Nneka Arimah’s ‘What It Means When a Man Falls from the Sky’ for the interlinked stories. Lastly the stories in this project take from Sindiwe Magona’s Mother to Mother for humanising bodies that have been reduced to frames.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A smart home environment simulation tool to support the recognition of activities of daily living
- Authors: Ho, Brandon
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Artificial intelligence , Internet of things Home automation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49334 , vital:41622
- Description: The prevalence of internet of things technologies and internet-connected devices enables the potential of introducing intelligence to a wide range of applications and fields. Smart homes are popular application of internet of things. Smart homes refer to domestic environments that can monitor their own state and the state of their inhabitants. Smart homes are identified as a promising solution for assisting inhabitants in completing daily activities and improving quality of life for inhabitants. This dissertation discusses the design and implementation of smart home simulation tool prototype, called smart environment stimulation (SESim). SESim is designed to conduct smart home simulation and generate synthetic sensor datasets which describe activity performances. This dissertation also discusses the evaluation of SESim, which focused on validating the utility of conducting smart home simulations and generating sensor datasets.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ho, Brandon
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Artificial intelligence , Internet of things Home automation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49334 , vital:41622
- Description: The prevalence of internet of things technologies and internet-connected devices enables the potential of introducing intelligence to a wide range of applications and fields. Smart homes are popular application of internet of things. Smart homes refer to domestic environments that can monitor their own state and the state of their inhabitants. Smart homes are identified as a promising solution for assisting inhabitants in completing daily activities and improving quality of life for inhabitants. This dissertation discusses the design and implementation of smart home simulation tool prototype, called smart environment stimulation (SESim). SESim is designed to conduct smart home simulation and generate synthetic sensor datasets which describe activity performances. This dissertation also discusses the evaluation of SESim, which focused on validating the utility of conducting smart home simulations and generating sensor datasets.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2020
A Social Media Method for Eliciting Millennials’ Worldviews on the Coastal and Marine Environment
- Authors: Okuah, Obrukevwe Anehwe
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Millennialism -- Environmental aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48588 , vital:40893
- Description: A lack of involvement by participants with traditional data collection methods for research has led to insufficient data regarding millennials’ worldviews on the coastal and marine environment. Understanding millennial worldviews could provide insights for policy interventions for sustainable use of the marine and coastal environment. The aim of this research is to design, develop and evaluate an appropriate social media method to elicit millennials’ worldviews on the coastal and marine environment. The methodology used for the research was Design Science Research (DSR), which is a legitimate approach to conducting research in the field of Information Systems. The methods used were a literature review, interviews with social media experts and Social Media Influencers (SMIs), and a focus group discussion with researchers from the field of social sciences. The proposed artefact (the method) can be used to provide guidance to researchers for engaging and eliciting opinions and worldviews of millennials on social media. The method includes a Social Media Influencer Model that illustrates the relationship between SMIs’ characteristics and techniques for engaging the public, and a Social Media Analytics (SMA) Process model that can guide researchers through the steps of eliciting worldviews from the public. Although there are several SMA techniques that can be used, the proposed method uses sentiment analysis as an SMA technique for deriving sentiments from social media data. The method was evaluated by researchers who require a social media method for eliciting millennials worldviews. The findings confirmed some of the techniques identified in literature as well as some additional techniques and processes. It was also evident that using this method could assist researchers for data collection and specifically to obtain worldviews on the marine and coastal environment. The contribution of this study is an artefact that fulfils the need for a social media method for data collection that is more convenient for researchers and millennials and can guide researchers through the steps of eliciting worldviews from the public.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Okuah, Obrukevwe Anehwe
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Millennialism -- Environmental aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48588 , vital:40893
- Description: A lack of involvement by participants with traditional data collection methods for research has led to insufficient data regarding millennials’ worldviews on the coastal and marine environment. Understanding millennial worldviews could provide insights for policy interventions for sustainable use of the marine and coastal environment. The aim of this research is to design, develop and evaluate an appropriate social media method to elicit millennials’ worldviews on the coastal and marine environment. The methodology used for the research was Design Science Research (DSR), which is a legitimate approach to conducting research in the field of Information Systems. The methods used were a literature review, interviews with social media experts and Social Media Influencers (SMIs), and a focus group discussion with researchers from the field of social sciences. The proposed artefact (the method) can be used to provide guidance to researchers for engaging and eliciting opinions and worldviews of millennials on social media. The method includes a Social Media Influencer Model that illustrates the relationship between SMIs’ characteristics and techniques for engaging the public, and a Social Media Analytics (SMA) Process model that can guide researchers through the steps of eliciting worldviews from the public. Although there are several SMA techniques that can be used, the proposed method uses sentiment analysis as an SMA technique for deriving sentiments from social media data. The method was evaluated by researchers who require a social media method for eliciting millennials worldviews. The findings confirmed some of the techniques identified in literature as well as some additional techniques and processes. It was also evident that using this method could assist researchers for data collection and specifically to obtain worldviews on the marine and coastal environment. The contribution of this study is an artefact that fulfils the need for a social media method for data collection that is more convenient for researchers and millennials and can guide researchers through the steps of eliciting worldviews from the public.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A social-ecological investigation into urban domestic gardens and avifauna in medium-sized towns of the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Tricam, Shayla
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Urban ecology (Biology) -- South Africa , Biotic communites -- South Africa , Gardens -- South Africa -- Managemenet , Birds – Ecology – South Africa , Gardening to attract birds -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145314 , vital:38427
- Description: Urban domestic gardens are an often overlooked component of urban green infrastructure, despite their potential to contribute to the preservation of urban biodiversity. As opposed to public greenspaces, private gardens are individually owned and managed, thus act as social-ecological systems, where the cumulative actions of urban residents can scale up to influence ecological patterns and processes on a larger scale. The diversity of fauna and flora within urban gardens provide a range of ecosystem goods and services, as well as less tangible benefits in the form of recreation, education and culture. However, little is known about the contribution of urban domestic gardens to urban biodiversity and its potential conservation value in South Africa. This study investigated urban domestic gardens along a socio-economic gradient in two medium-sized towns, Grahamstown and Port Alfred in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. This study found distinct differences among urban resident garden management practices as well as the avifauna which were seen within the gardens across the socio-economic gradient. The Garden Management Intensity index was higher within affluent households compared to other socio-economic levels, with subsequent management scores not differing statistically along the gradient. While there was variation within garden management practices, as well as the number of residents who participated in supplementary bird feeding, little variation was seen in the activities which were enjoyed by the residents, indicating numerous benefits the garden environment provides for all urban residents. The bird community composition along the socio-economic gradient displayed patterns directly reflecting the “luxury effect”, where households with a higher socio-economic status had harbour gardens with greater levels of biodiversity. This study showed that affluent gardens displayed far greater diversity, richness and abundance of urban birds. Multivariate analyses confirmed the patterns by highlighting a distinct bird community in the affluent zone, compared to other two socio-economic zones, which housed a second bird community. Furthermore, the main driver of the bird community composition was dominated by vegetation complexity, most notably tree cover within the gardens. Therefore, this study highlighted that patterns of ecological inequality are highly evident in medium-sized towns in South Africa, where older, affluent suburbs households display greater diversity and abundance of birdlife, compared to subsequent socio-economic zones within the study. Prioritisation with regards to the benefits a garden environment brings to urban residents in terms of a connection to nature, access to urban greenery, and relationship to urban wildlife is vital and should be promoted and planned for across all socio-economic zones.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Tricam, Shayla
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Urban ecology (Biology) -- South Africa , Biotic communites -- South Africa , Gardens -- South Africa -- Managemenet , Birds – Ecology – South Africa , Gardening to attract birds -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145314 , vital:38427
- Description: Urban domestic gardens are an often overlooked component of urban green infrastructure, despite their potential to contribute to the preservation of urban biodiversity. As opposed to public greenspaces, private gardens are individually owned and managed, thus act as social-ecological systems, where the cumulative actions of urban residents can scale up to influence ecological patterns and processes on a larger scale. The diversity of fauna and flora within urban gardens provide a range of ecosystem goods and services, as well as less tangible benefits in the form of recreation, education and culture. However, little is known about the contribution of urban domestic gardens to urban biodiversity and its potential conservation value in South Africa. This study investigated urban domestic gardens along a socio-economic gradient in two medium-sized towns, Grahamstown and Port Alfred in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. This study found distinct differences among urban resident garden management practices as well as the avifauna which were seen within the gardens across the socio-economic gradient. The Garden Management Intensity index was higher within affluent households compared to other socio-economic levels, with subsequent management scores not differing statistically along the gradient. While there was variation within garden management practices, as well as the number of residents who participated in supplementary bird feeding, little variation was seen in the activities which were enjoyed by the residents, indicating numerous benefits the garden environment provides for all urban residents. The bird community composition along the socio-economic gradient displayed patterns directly reflecting the “luxury effect”, where households with a higher socio-economic status had harbour gardens with greater levels of biodiversity. This study showed that affluent gardens displayed far greater diversity, richness and abundance of urban birds. Multivariate analyses confirmed the patterns by highlighting a distinct bird community in the affluent zone, compared to other two socio-economic zones, which housed a second bird community. Furthermore, the main driver of the bird community composition was dominated by vegetation complexity, most notably tree cover within the gardens. Therefore, this study highlighted that patterns of ecological inequality are highly evident in medium-sized towns in South Africa, where older, affluent suburbs households display greater diversity and abundance of birdlife, compared to subsequent socio-economic zones within the study. Prioritisation with regards to the benefits a garden environment brings to urban residents in terms of a connection to nature, access to urban greenery, and relationship to urban wildlife is vital and should be promoted and planned for across all socio-economic zones.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A socio-political analysis of the adoption of certain AmaXhosa surnames
- Authors: Johnson, Stembele
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Names, Personal -- Xhosa , Names, Personal -- Xhosa -- Political aspects , Names, Personal -- Xhosa -- Sociological aspects , Xhosa (African people) -- Social life and customs , Onomastics -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/164298 , vital:41107
- Description: It is always assumed when you have a white surname that you have a white lineage or your forefathers were white, and that was always my struggle in school to explain the meaning of my surname and where it came from. Not only European surnames used by amaXhosa are difficult to explain but also many isiXhosa surnames are very hard to break down and explain. This is because many word from th e isiXhosa language, that are used in surnames are no longer used and if one does not know the history of certain names then it would be difficult to know the meaning of a surname or misinterpret its meaning to the modern words of isiXhosa that we know. S urnames are not of African origin, they came from the West, but because of colonialism surnames were enforced on African people. Most of the surnames they used, are said to be names of their forefathers (ancestors), and there is a small amount or none that links to femininity in these surnames. Surnames are part of naming and naming is part of onomastics. Naming is a very important tool used among various African cultures to convey certain messages, either to an individual, family members or a community. On omastics is multidisciplinary in nature. It can be approached from different perspectives. These include linguistic, historical, sociological, philosophical, economical and other perspectives. This research looks at the depth of certain amaXhosa surnames and even their links to other names like, nicknames and clan names etc.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Johnson, Stembele
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Names, Personal -- Xhosa , Names, Personal -- Xhosa -- Political aspects , Names, Personal -- Xhosa -- Sociological aspects , Xhosa (African people) -- Social life and customs , Onomastics -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/164298 , vital:41107
- Description: It is always assumed when you have a white surname that you have a white lineage or your forefathers were white, and that was always my struggle in school to explain the meaning of my surname and where it came from. Not only European surnames used by amaXhosa are difficult to explain but also many isiXhosa surnames are very hard to break down and explain. This is because many word from th e isiXhosa language, that are used in surnames are no longer used and if one does not know the history of certain names then it would be difficult to know the meaning of a surname or misinterpret its meaning to the modern words of isiXhosa that we know. S urnames are not of African origin, they came from the West, but because of colonialism surnames were enforced on African people. Most of the surnames they used, are said to be names of their forefathers (ancestors), and there is a small amount or none that links to femininity in these surnames. Surnames are part of naming and naming is part of onomastics. Naming is a very important tool used among various African cultures to convey certain messages, either to an individual, family members or a community. On omastics is multidisciplinary in nature. It can be approached from different perspectives. These include linguistic, historical, sociological, philosophical, economical and other perspectives. This research looks at the depth of certain amaXhosa surnames and even their links to other names like, nicknames and clan names etc.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A sociological analysis of the involvement of men in campaigns against sexual violence towards women at Rhodes University: the aftermath of the #RUReference protest
- Authors: Roboji, Philasande Milisa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: #RUReferenceList , Rhodes University -- Students -- Attitudes , Rape in universities and colleges -- South Africa , Social movements -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Women college students -- Violence against -- South Africa , Male college students -- South Africa -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSocSci
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148059 , vital:38706
- Description: Gender-based violence more especially sexual violence towards women is one of the biggest social issus affecting South Africa including higher institutions of learning, universities in this context. In recent years, we have seen students in universities protesting sexual violence demanding universities to improve their ways of dealing with this violence. The motivation behind this thesis is the notion that sexual violence is a women’s issue and how most men in our communities and universities do not involve themselves in campaigns that are designed to end sexual violence towards women. There is an assumption that women should be the ones fighting against sexual violence because it affects them when in fact sexual violence affects everyone and more importantly, is mostly perpetuated by men. Therefore, the main purpose of this thesis was to sociologically analyze the involvement of men in campaigns against sexual violence towards women and the aftermath of the #RUReferenceList protest that took place at Rhodes University in 2016. This protest started immediately after a list of students who were said to be alleged sexual perpetrators was published online. Attached to this primary objective, the sub-goals that informed the entire study were to investigate how the involvement of men in the #RUReferenceList protest has contributed to challenging rape culture at Rhodes University. Also, to investigate if there are any ongoing campaigns and/or projects that includes men and that are still addressing the issue of sexual violence towards women. There is however, a dearth of research on the involvement of men in campaigns against sexual violence in South Africa. Therefore, it was difficult finding existing literature that touches on the involvement of men in campaigns against sexual violence towards women particularly in the context of universities. This thesis was conducted within the premises of Rhodes University through a qualitative research approach in a form of in-depth interviews. Five participants were selected through purposive sampling which included the Chair of the Gender Action Forum, one former student representative council member, a sub-warden from a male residence and two students. The findings of this research are not the full representation of the entire university but opinions and perspective of the participants that were interviewed. Their opinions and perspectives have a potential of contributing to the factors and reasons as to why majority of men have not engaged themselves in issues of gender-based violence or involved themselves in campaigns against sexual violence towards women.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Roboji, Philasande Milisa
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: #RUReferenceList , Rhodes University -- Students -- Attitudes , Rape in universities and colleges -- South Africa , Social movements -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Women college students -- Violence against -- South Africa , Male college students -- South Africa -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSocSci
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148059 , vital:38706
- Description: Gender-based violence more especially sexual violence towards women is one of the biggest social issus affecting South Africa including higher institutions of learning, universities in this context. In recent years, we have seen students in universities protesting sexual violence demanding universities to improve their ways of dealing with this violence. The motivation behind this thesis is the notion that sexual violence is a women’s issue and how most men in our communities and universities do not involve themselves in campaigns that are designed to end sexual violence towards women. There is an assumption that women should be the ones fighting against sexual violence because it affects them when in fact sexual violence affects everyone and more importantly, is mostly perpetuated by men. Therefore, the main purpose of this thesis was to sociologically analyze the involvement of men in campaigns against sexual violence towards women and the aftermath of the #RUReferenceList protest that took place at Rhodes University in 2016. This protest started immediately after a list of students who were said to be alleged sexual perpetrators was published online. Attached to this primary objective, the sub-goals that informed the entire study were to investigate how the involvement of men in the #RUReferenceList protest has contributed to challenging rape culture at Rhodes University. Also, to investigate if there are any ongoing campaigns and/or projects that includes men and that are still addressing the issue of sexual violence towards women. There is however, a dearth of research on the involvement of men in campaigns against sexual violence in South Africa. Therefore, it was difficult finding existing literature that touches on the involvement of men in campaigns against sexual violence towards women particularly in the context of universities. This thesis was conducted within the premises of Rhodes University through a qualitative research approach in a form of in-depth interviews. Five participants were selected through purposive sampling which included the Chair of the Gender Action Forum, one former student representative council member, a sub-warden from a male residence and two students. The findings of this research are not the full representation of the entire university but opinions and perspective of the participants that were interviewed. Their opinions and perspectives have a potential of contributing to the factors and reasons as to why majority of men have not engaged themselves in issues of gender-based violence or involved themselves in campaigns against sexual violence towards women.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A sociological analysis of the sex education of young adult white womxn and their understandings and practices of ‘Safe Sex’
- Authors: Guerra, Cassandra Gadelha
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Sex instruction , Sex instruction for girls , Women, White -- Psychology , Women, White -- Sexual behavior
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSocSci
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147267 , vital:38610
- Description: This research sets out to examine the experiences and perspectives of young adult white womxn regarding their respective sex education. This is in terms of how sex education may shape and influence sexual practices. The relevance of exploring the sex education of this group is to gain an understanding of how constructions of sex education may facilitate the negotiation of sexual practices, particularly as these practices relate to the negotiation of ‘safe sex’. This involves an exploration of definitions of ‘safe sex’ as well as an examination of the various sources of sex education. This research argues that sex education has been socially constructed within a ‘heterosexual matrix’ where both gender identities and sexuality are constructed in heterosexual terms in accordance with compulsory heterosexuality. Furthermore, that sex education as well as understandings and practices of ‘safe sex’ intersect with other social categories such as race, gender and sexuality. Much of the sex-related research conducted in South Africa focuses on people of colour, as a result very little is known about the sexual behaviours and practices of the white demographic. This research accounts for the absence of analysis of sexual practices and behaviour among white people by examining the sex education and sexual practices of young adult white womxn between the ages of 19 and 24. The research observed key sources of sex education which included parents, schools, religious institutions and the internet. Findings indicate that the sex education of participants reflected ideals of heteronormativity and misogyny which were found to directly influence their understandings and practices of both sex and ‘safe sex’. Furthermore, that the sex education participants received has ultimately failed to promote ‘safe’ sexual practices.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Guerra, Cassandra Gadelha
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Sex instruction , Sex instruction for girls , Women, White -- Psychology , Women, White -- Sexual behavior
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSocSci
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147267 , vital:38610
- Description: This research sets out to examine the experiences and perspectives of young adult white womxn regarding their respective sex education. This is in terms of how sex education may shape and influence sexual practices. The relevance of exploring the sex education of this group is to gain an understanding of how constructions of sex education may facilitate the negotiation of sexual practices, particularly as these practices relate to the negotiation of ‘safe sex’. This involves an exploration of definitions of ‘safe sex’ as well as an examination of the various sources of sex education. This research argues that sex education has been socially constructed within a ‘heterosexual matrix’ where both gender identities and sexuality are constructed in heterosexual terms in accordance with compulsory heterosexuality. Furthermore, that sex education as well as understandings and practices of ‘safe sex’ intersect with other social categories such as race, gender and sexuality. Much of the sex-related research conducted in South Africa focuses on people of colour, as a result very little is known about the sexual behaviours and practices of the white demographic. This research accounts for the absence of analysis of sexual practices and behaviour among white people by examining the sex education and sexual practices of young adult white womxn between the ages of 19 and 24. The research observed key sources of sex education which included parents, schools, religious institutions and the internet. Findings indicate that the sex education of participants reflected ideals of heteronormativity and misogyny which were found to directly influence their understandings and practices of both sex and ‘safe sex’. Furthermore, that the sex education participants received has ultimately failed to promote ‘safe’ sexual practices.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A strategic approach towards the successful implementation of corporate governance of Information and Communication Technology in the Kwazulu-Natal Department of Social Development
- Authors: Siziba, Makabongwe Johnson
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Corporate governance -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Management Information technology -- Management -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49617 , vital:41741
- Description: Information is a critical asset in any organisation and its management, including the associated technological channels, requires the attention of decision-makers to ensure that information assets are utilised for the intended purposes. Therefore, decision-makers need to have appropriate governance oversight on technology that produces information and information itself. Over the years, the governance of ICT has been adopted in the public sector given the fact that state funding received from tax collections is utilised to invest in IT solutions with the intention of expediting service delivery and increase productivity. The purpose of this treatise was to identify the root causes of why the department is not implementing Corporate Governance of ICT successfully despite the fact that most good controls do exist. The research revealed that there is insufficient budget to implement ICT projects coupled with inadequate ICT staff to implement ICT strategy. Furthermore, it cited a lack of ICT governance skills with ICT Strategic Committee members who are tasked with pioneering ICT governance. This weakness relates directly to other identified weaknesses such as end-user resistance to adopt ICT projects and a lack of project management function in the department.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Siziba, Makabongwe Johnson
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Corporate governance -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Management Information technology -- Management -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49617 , vital:41741
- Description: Information is a critical asset in any organisation and its management, including the associated technological channels, requires the attention of decision-makers to ensure that information assets are utilised for the intended purposes. Therefore, decision-makers need to have appropriate governance oversight on technology that produces information and information itself. Over the years, the governance of ICT has been adopted in the public sector given the fact that state funding received from tax collections is utilised to invest in IT solutions with the intention of expediting service delivery and increase productivity. The purpose of this treatise was to identify the root causes of why the department is not implementing Corporate Governance of ICT successfully despite the fact that most good controls do exist. The research revealed that there is insufficient budget to implement ICT projects coupled with inadequate ICT staff to implement ICT strategy. Furthermore, it cited a lack of ICT governance skills with ICT Strategic Committee members who are tasked with pioneering ICT governance. This weakness relates directly to other identified weaknesses such as end-user resistance to adopt ICT projects and a lack of project management function in the department.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A strategy to motivate continued instructor usage of learning management systems (LMSS) in higher learning institutions of Zimbabwe
- Authors: Siwela, Ndukuyenkosi
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Web-based instruction , Computer systems Organizational learning -- Zimbabwe Internet in education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47259 , vital:39837
- Description: The purpose of this study was to develop a strategy to motivate continued usage of Learning Management Systems in higher learning institutions of Zimbabwe. A related goal was to identify unique challenges experienced by instructors in their use of LMSs. The use of LMSs is now global and has been fairly successful in developed countries even though past research shows that instructors tend to discontinue usage over a period of time. Whereas most LMSs research is carried in the context of the developed world, the candidate demonstrates that Vantankesh's IS Success Model and Davis' Technology Acceptance Model can be successfully replicated into the developing world on condition that local environment is taken into context. The results showed that LMSs in Zimbabwe higher learning institutions hold a promise of success even though challenges exist. The findings have wider implications on the need to invest in neccessary infrustructure and future predictions on learner interests. The study demonstrates that shared success can be achieved if the local conditions are taken into context when developing a strategy to motivate instructor continued LMS usage. The study holds the practical implication that institutions can motivate instructors to continue with usage of LMSs to deliver quality output in their daily duties.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Siwela, Ndukuyenkosi
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Web-based instruction , Computer systems Organizational learning -- Zimbabwe Internet in education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47259 , vital:39837
- Description: The purpose of this study was to develop a strategy to motivate continued usage of Learning Management Systems in higher learning institutions of Zimbabwe. A related goal was to identify unique challenges experienced by instructors in their use of LMSs. The use of LMSs is now global and has been fairly successful in developed countries even though past research shows that instructors tend to discontinue usage over a period of time. Whereas most LMSs research is carried in the context of the developed world, the candidate demonstrates that Vantankesh's IS Success Model and Davis' Technology Acceptance Model can be successfully replicated into the developing world on condition that local environment is taken into context. The results showed that LMSs in Zimbabwe higher learning institutions hold a promise of success even though challenges exist. The findings have wider implications on the need to invest in neccessary infrustructure and future predictions on learner interests. The study demonstrates that shared success can be achieved if the local conditions are taken into context when developing a strategy to motivate instructor continued LMS usage. The study holds the practical implication that institutions can motivate instructors to continue with usage of LMSs to deliver quality output in their daily duties.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A study of contaminants in fish in South Africa : linking science, management and society
- Authors: Ramparsad, Kerina
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Estuarine fishes -- Contamination -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48609 , vital:40895
- Description: Contaminants in fish is a concern globally and locally. Fish have the propensity to accumulate contaminants to levels that may pose a threat to human health and disrupt ecosystem function. The purpose for investigating contaminants in this study for fish provides the public with information on the potential human health risks from the contaminated fish we consume. This study also investigated contaminants in estuarine fish and sediment, and is important to monitor as these components of ecosystems can indicate contamination in estuaries. Effective methods to determine contaminants in fish and sediment included the Direct Mercury Analyser 80 for mercury, Gas Chromatography for fatty acids and polychlorinated biphenyls and Inductively Coupled Plasma for aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, vanadium and zinc. Basic statistical tools, geochemical techniques, a bioaccumulation model and human health risk assessment tools provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency were used to interpret the data. Ultimately consumption advice was developed from the risk assessment results and showed predatory fish such as swordfish and bluenose species are recommended to be avoided while yellow tail, red roman, mackerel, fish fingers and canned tuna are some of the fish that can be eaten 10-14 times per month that would not cause potential health risks. It was found that estuarine ambassid fish investigated in this study were not suitable for contaminant monitoring. There were no clear spatial and seasonal trends observed in the estuaries suggesting that ambassid fish efficiently assimilate contaminants. There was little evidence that contaminants were transferred from sediment to ambassid fish in the eThekwini estuaries. Therefore, their use is limited as a cost-effective estuarine contaminant monitoring tool. Each estuary investigated is unique and requires its own management plan.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ramparsad, Kerina
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Estuarine fishes -- Contamination -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48609 , vital:40895
- Description: Contaminants in fish is a concern globally and locally. Fish have the propensity to accumulate contaminants to levels that may pose a threat to human health and disrupt ecosystem function. The purpose for investigating contaminants in this study for fish provides the public with information on the potential human health risks from the contaminated fish we consume. This study also investigated contaminants in estuarine fish and sediment, and is important to monitor as these components of ecosystems can indicate contamination in estuaries. Effective methods to determine contaminants in fish and sediment included the Direct Mercury Analyser 80 for mercury, Gas Chromatography for fatty acids and polychlorinated biphenyls and Inductively Coupled Plasma for aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, vanadium and zinc. Basic statistical tools, geochemical techniques, a bioaccumulation model and human health risk assessment tools provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency were used to interpret the data. Ultimately consumption advice was developed from the risk assessment results and showed predatory fish such as swordfish and bluenose species are recommended to be avoided while yellow tail, red roman, mackerel, fish fingers and canned tuna are some of the fish that can be eaten 10-14 times per month that would not cause potential health risks. It was found that estuarine ambassid fish investigated in this study were not suitable for contaminant monitoring. There were no clear spatial and seasonal trends observed in the estuaries suggesting that ambassid fish efficiently assimilate contaminants. There was little evidence that contaminants were transferred from sediment to ambassid fish in the eThekwini estuaries. Therefore, their use is limited as a cost-effective estuarine contaminant monitoring tool. Each estuary investigated is unique and requires its own management plan.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A study of the geology of the Vaalbank and Lady Frere areas in the Karoo Basin of South Africa using gravity, magnetic and gamma-ray spectrometry data: implications of groundwater potential
- Khalimashe, Sinesihle, Gwavava, Oswald
- Authors: Khalimashe, Sinesihle , Gwavava, Oswald
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Gamma ray astronomy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Geology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11983 , vital:39124
- Description: The Vaalbank and Lady Frere areas belong to the Elliot, Molteno and Burgersdorp Formations, that are part of the sedimentary succession of the Beaufort Group in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. There is Quaternary alluvium covering the mudstone, sandstone and shale rocks of the Beaufort Group. Dolerite and gabbro sills of the Karoo age have intruded the whole area. A number of investigations were carried out for the study namely field observations, petrographic, X-ray diffraction, airborne gamma-ray spectrometry, aeromagnetic and gravity analyses. Twenty four rock samples were collected in the field from fresh outcrops of the Karoo dolerites, Burgersdorp and Molteno formations. The measured densities and porosities show that the Karoo dolerite suite has the highest average dry density of 2.771 g/cm3 and the lowest average porosity of 3%. The Burgersdorp Formation has an intermediate average density of 2.458 g/cm3 and an intermediate average porosity of 5.4%. The Molteno Formation has the lowest average density of 2.190 g/cm3 and the highest average porosity of 14.5%. Petrographic and geochemical investigations were carried on 19 rocks samples collected in the field to determine the mineralogy character using microscopic and XRD analyses. Both petrographic and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the sandstones of the study area are composed of quartz as their primary mineral and feldspars as the secondary mineral. The dolerite consists of euhedral structured minerals such as magnetite, pyroxene, plagioclase and amphibole. The gamma ray maps show high spectrometric values are associated with the Burgersdorp Formation, alluvium cover and dolerite dykes. The low spectrometric values are associated with dolerite sills and ring complexes. The boundaries of the sill/ring complexes are clearly delineated by the K/U ratio and ternary maps. The magnetic maps show ring like patterns of magnetic high anomalies that are due to the sills/ring complexes whilst the numerous, narrow, linear magnetic highs are due to faults and dolerite dyke swarms. The majority of the dykes trend in a NW-SE direction and a few dykes are in a NE-SE direction. The magnetic power spectrum indicates four depths of the magnetic sources at average depths of 0.13 km, 1.60 km, 2.83 km and 12.40 km. The magnetic depth iii slices maps show that both the circular/ring like and linear anomalies extend from shallow to deeper depth of 12.4 km. The gravity map is dominated by a long wavelength gravity anomaly that increases from about -120 mGals in the northwestern corner of the study area to -110 mGals in the southeastern corner of the study area. Results from 2½D gravity modelling show that this long wavelength anomaly is due to a horizontal Moho at a depth of 47 km in the study area, which shallows outside the study area near the coast. Superimposed on it are short wavelength gravity anomalies due to low density sediments and high density dolerite intrusions. The simple 2½D models generated from five profiles traversing the study area reveal that the sediments of the Karoo Supergroup extend from the surface down to a depth 5 km below sea level attaining a maximum thickness of about 6½ km. These sediments are dykes, sills and ring complexes. The dykes and sills/ring complexes identified from gamma ray spectrometry, magnetic and gravity data results are likely to be associated with fractures, joints, cracks and fissures in the host rocks, which form preferential pathways for groundwater transmission. Hence, they could be suitable targets for groundwater.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Khalimashe, Sinesihle , Gwavava, Oswald
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Gamma ray astronomy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Geology)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11983 , vital:39124
- Description: The Vaalbank and Lady Frere areas belong to the Elliot, Molteno and Burgersdorp Formations, that are part of the sedimentary succession of the Beaufort Group in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. There is Quaternary alluvium covering the mudstone, sandstone and shale rocks of the Beaufort Group. Dolerite and gabbro sills of the Karoo age have intruded the whole area. A number of investigations were carried out for the study namely field observations, petrographic, X-ray diffraction, airborne gamma-ray spectrometry, aeromagnetic and gravity analyses. Twenty four rock samples were collected in the field from fresh outcrops of the Karoo dolerites, Burgersdorp and Molteno formations. The measured densities and porosities show that the Karoo dolerite suite has the highest average dry density of 2.771 g/cm3 and the lowest average porosity of 3%. The Burgersdorp Formation has an intermediate average density of 2.458 g/cm3 and an intermediate average porosity of 5.4%. The Molteno Formation has the lowest average density of 2.190 g/cm3 and the highest average porosity of 14.5%. Petrographic and geochemical investigations were carried on 19 rocks samples collected in the field to determine the mineralogy character using microscopic and XRD analyses. Both petrographic and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the sandstones of the study area are composed of quartz as their primary mineral and feldspars as the secondary mineral. The dolerite consists of euhedral structured minerals such as magnetite, pyroxene, plagioclase and amphibole. The gamma ray maps show high spectrometric values are associated with the Burgersdorp Formation, alluvium cover and dolerite dykes. The low spectrometric values are associated with dolerite sills and ring complexes. The boundaries of the sill/ring complexes are clearly delineated by the K/U ratio and ternary maps. The magnetic maps show ring like patterns of magnetic high anomalies that are due to the sills/ring complexes whilst the numerous, narrow, linear magnetic highs are due to faults and dolerite dyke swarms. The majority of the dykes trend in a NW-SE direction and a few dykes are in a NE-SE direction. The magnetic power spectrum indicates four depths of the magnetic sources at average depths of 0.13 km, 1.60 km, 2.83 km and 12.40 km. The magnetic depth iii slices maps show that both the circular/ring like and linear anomalies extend from shallow to deeper depth of 12.4 km. The gravity map is dominated by a long wavelength gravity anomaly that increases from about -120 mGals in the northwestern corner of the study area to -110 mGals in the southeastern corner of the study area. Results from 2½D gravity modelling show that this long wavelength anomaly is due to a horizontal Moho at a depth of 47 km in the study area, which shallows outside the study area near the coast. Superimposed on it are short wavelength gravity anomalies due to low density sediments and high density dolerite intrusions. The simple 2½D models generated from five profiles traversing the study area reveal that the sediments of the Karoo Supergroup extend from the surface down to a depth 5 km below sea level attaining a maximum thickness of about 6½ km. These sediments are dykes, sills and ring complexes. The dykes and sills/ring complexes identified from gamma ray spectrometry, magnetic and gravity data results are likely to be associated with fractures, joints, cracks and fissures in the host rocks, which form preferential pathways for groundwater transmission. Hence, they could be suitable targets for groundwater.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A study of why some physic concepts in the South African Physical Science curriculum are poorly understood in order to develop a targeted action-research intervention for Newton’s second law
- Authors: Cobbing, Kathleen Margaret
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Physics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa , Physics -- Examinations, questions, etc. -- South Africa , Motion -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146903 , vital:38575
- Description: Globally, many students show a poor understanding of concepts in high school physics and lack the necessary problem-solving skills that the course demands. The application of Newton’s second law was found to be particularly problematic through document analysis of South African examination feedback reports, as well as from an analysis of the physics examinations at a pair of well-resourced South African independent schools that follow the Independent Examination Board curriculum. Through an action-research approach, a resource for use by students was designed and modified to improve students’ understanding of this concept, while modelling problemsolving methods. The resource consisted of brief revision notes, worked examples and scaffolded exercises. The design of the resource was influenced by the theory of cognitive apprenticeship, cognitive load theory and conceptual change theory. One of the aims of the resource was to encourage students to translate between the different representations of a problem situation: symbolic, abstract, model and concrete. The impact of this resource was evaluated at a pair of schools using a mixed methods approach. This incorporated pre- and post-tests for a quantitative assessment, qualitative student evaluations and the analysis of examination scripts. There was an improvement from pre- to post-test for all four iterations of the intervention and these improvements were shown to be significant. The use of the resource led to an increase in the quality and quantity of diagrams drawn by students in subsequent assessments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Cobbing, Kathleen Margaret
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Physics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa , Physics -- Examinations, questions, etc. -- South Africa , Motion -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146903 , vital:38575
- Description: Globally, many students show a poor understanding of concepts in high school physics and lack the necessary problem-solving skills that the course demands. The application of Newton’s second law was found to be particularly problematic through document analysis of South African examination feedback reports, as well as from an analysis of the physics examinations at a pair of well-resourced South African independent schools that follow the Independent Examination Board curriculum. Through an action-research approach, a resource for use by students was designed and modified to improve students’ understanding of this concept, while modelling problemsolving methods. The resource consisted of brief revision notes, worked examples and scaffolded exercises. The design of the resource was influenced by the theory of cognitive apprenticeship, cognitive load theory and conceptual change theory. One of the aims of the resource was to encourage students to translate between the different representations of a problem situation: symbolic, abstract, model and concrete. The impact of this resource was evaluated at a pair of schools using a mixed methods approach. This incorporated pre- and post-tests for a quantitative assessment, qualitative student evaluations and the analysis of examination scripts. There was an improvement from pre- to post-test for all four iterations of the intervention and these improvements were shown to be significant. The use of the resource led to an increase in the quality and quantity of diagrams drawn by students in subsequent assessments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A study on certain factors that may affect the economic viability of backgrounding beef weaner calves on pastures in the Southern Cape area of South Africa
- Authors: Terblanche, Ian
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Calves -- Weaning -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47623 , vital:40259
- Description: The backgrounding of beef weaner calves from pastures has the potential to be developed as an intensive beef enterprise that can increase the income of smaller farms, given that these farms have the ability to produce good quality pastures. This study was conducted to verify the inputs that impact on the viability of pasture backgrounding systems in an attempt to provide beef producers with better information for decision making. The scientific research was conducted with the registered Kromme Rhee Bonsmara herd at the Kromme Rhee research farm of the Western Cape Department of Agriculture. The farm is situated at 18º50’E and 33º51’S in the Stellenbosch area and has an altitude of 177 m above sea level. The area is situated in the winter rainfall region of the Western Cape with an annual rainfall of 670 mm. The average summer temperature ranges between 15-35 ºC and winter temperature between 10-17 ºC. The aim of this study was to develop growth curves representing the growth of Bonsmara animals for use by beef producers in predicting future live weight of animals in a pasture backgrounding system. Dry matter (DM) intake was measured at various live weight stages in order to determine whether a prediction model could be established to represent the DM intake of growing Bonsmara cattle on pastures. Results were used as inputs to determine whether backgrounding on pastures was economically viable. Animals were weighed at monthly intervals. Weighings commenced from birth and continued for a period of 797 days, repeated with two production year groups. One group consisted of 18 heifers and 12 bulls that were weighed from birth till an average age of 759 days. The other group consisted of four heifers and seven bulls and was weighed from birth untill an average age of 892 days. Roughage supplementation was done with lucerne hay in periods of pasture shortfalls, while a protein and energy lick were supplied continuously. A feeding trial with 10 weaned heifers and 10 bull calves of the same year group was conducted to determine the average feed intake per individual animal over a thirteen-month period that commenced after weaning. Two groups of five Bonsmara bull calves and two groups of five Bonsmara heifers were grouped according to age and gender. The feed intake of the growing calves was recorded for different live weight categories. The animals received lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay on an ad lib basis, while a concentrate supplement was supplied at 2 kg per animal per day up until live weights of 350 kg for heifers and 380 kg for bulls was achieved. The lucerne based diet was formulated to simulate a diet for growing animals on pasture with additional supplementation. Group feed intake values of the four groups of animals were measured at about 20-day intervals over the trial period of 369 days. The feed waste was dried and weighed back to calculate a waste percentage to be used as a correction factor. The Gompertz growth function was used to develop growth curves for male and female Bonsmara animals. Results indicated a significant difference between the mature weight of males and females (P <0.05). In both year groups the nonlinear Gompertz growth model predicted heavier mature weight for males compared to females. Mature weights of bulls were respectively 44.4% and 68.5% higher than that of heifers over the two year period. Days at maximum growth occurred later for males than for females (P <0.05) and the maturing rate of males and females did not differ significantly. Individual average feed intakes were calculated from the group fed animals over the duration of the rearing period. The data revealed that feed intake for bulls can be predicted by the linear model, DMI= 0.16531 + 0.0235306 x live weight (P ≤0.001; R 2 = 78.25). The feed intake of heifers can be predicted by the linear model, DMI= -1.41991 + 0.0283891 x live weight (P ≤0.001; R 2= 76.25). Analysis of variance detected no difference between the percentage feed intake of heifers (2.46%) and bulls (2.40%), over the experimental period. Prices of different live weight groupings were analysed over seven years to establish whether cyclical price trends can be observed across years and seasonal price trends within years. Within years prices were found to differ between months. For all calf weight groups, the lowest prices occurred in the months of March, April, May, June and July which showed price indices significantly different (P <0.05) from indices of the months of October, November and December when highest prices occurred, confirming seasonality in weaner calf prices. Price indices were developed for use as an input in the economic viability assessment. A brief literature review on the production and quality of four common pastures in the Southern Cape was done to gather information for compiling pasture budgets for use in determining the economic viability of pasture backgrounding. The economic viability of backgrounding on pastures was evaluated on a gross margin level and illustrated for three pasture systems namely irrigated oats as a winter pasture, irrigated lucerne as a spring pasture and dryland P. clandestinum /E. plana /mixed grass also as a low-cost spring pasture. All three pasture systems showed a positive economic viability for the decision parameters used in the illustration. The gross margin of backgrounding on the oats pasture system was more sensitive to a small decrease in the predicted price or the predicted live weight and therefore a riskier option than backgrounding on the other two systems. Outputs from the gross margin analyses were used in partial budgeting to illustrate a robust decision support framework that beef farmers can use for making decisions whether to sell weaners straight after weaning as opposed to selling after a period of backgrounding on pastures. Overall results indicate that backgrounding of calves on pastures has the potential to be a viable beef enterprise on smaller farms in the region. Keywords: beef production; Gompertz growth curves, feed intake; pasture backgrounding; gross margin; partial budgets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Terblanche, Ian
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Calves -- Weaning -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47623 , vital:40259
- Description: The backgrounding of beef weaner calves from pastures has the potential to be developed as an intensive beef enterprise that can increase the income of smaller farms, given that these farms have the ability to produce good quality pastures. This study was conducted to verify the inputs that impact on the viability of pasture backgrounding systems in an attempt to provide beef producers with better information for decision making. The scientific research was conducted with the registered Kromme Rhee Bonsmara herd at the Kromme Rhee research farm of the Western Cape Department of Agriculture. The farm is situated at 18º50’E and 33º51’S in the Stellenbosch area and has an altitude of 177 m above sea level. The area is situated in the winter rainfall region of the Western Cape with an annual rainfall of 670 mm. The average summer temperature ranges between 15-35 ºC and winter temperature between 10-17 ºC. The aim of this study was to develop growth curves representing the growth of Bonsmara animals for use by beef producers in predicting future live weight of animals in a pasture backgrounding system. Dry matter (DM) intake was measured at various live weight stages in order to determine whether a prediction model could be established to represent the DM intake of growing Bonsmara cattle on pastures. Results were used as inputs to determine whether backgrounding on pastures was economically viable. Animals were weighed at monthly intervals. Weighings commenced from birth and continued for a period of 797 days, repeated with two production year groups. One group consisted of 18 heifers and 12 bulls that were weighed from birth till an average age of 759 days. The other group consisted of four heifers and seven bulls and was weighed from birth untill an average age of 892 days. Roughage supplementation was done with lucerne hay in periods of pasture shortfalls, while a protein and energy lick were supplied continuously. A feeding trial with 10 weaned heifers and 10 bull calves of the same year group was conducted to determine the average feed intake per individual animal over a thirteen-month period that commenced after weaning. Two groups of five Bonsmara bull calves and two groups of five Bonsmara heifers were grouped according to age and gender. The feed intake of the growing calves was recorded for different live weight categories. The animals received lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay on an ad lib basis, while a concentrate supplement was supplied at 2 kg per animal per day up until live weights of 350 kg for heifers and 380 kg for bulls was achieved. The lucerne based diet was formulated to simulate a diet for growing animals on pasture with additional supplementation. Group feed intake values of the four groups of animals were measured at about 20-day intervals over the trial period of 369 days. The feed waste was dried and weighed back to calculate a waste percentage to be used as a correction factor. The Gompertz growth function was used to develop growth curves for male and female Bonsmara animals. Results indicated a significant difference between the mature weight of males and females (P <0.05). In both year groups the nonlinear Gompertz growth model predicted heavier mature weight for males compared to females. Mature weights of bulls were respectively 44.4% and 68.5% higher than that of heifers over the two year period. Days at maximum growth occurred later for males than for females (P <0.05) and the maturing rate of males and females did not differ significantly. Individual average feed intakes were calculated from the group fed animals over the duration of the rearing period. The data revealed that feed intake for bulls can be predicted by the linear model, DMI= 0.16531 + 0.0235306 x live weight (P ≤0.001; R 2 = 78.25). The feed intake of heifers can be predicted by the linear model, DMI= -1.41991 + 0.0283891 x live weight (P ≤0.001; R 2= 76.25). Analysis of variance detected no difference between the percentage feed intake of heifers (2.46%) and bulls (2.40%), over the experimental period. Prices of different live weight groupings were analysed over seven years to establish whether cyclical price trends can be observed across years and seasonal price trends within years. Within years prices were found to differ between months. For all calf weight groups, the lowest prices occurred in the months of March, April, May, June and July which showed price indices significantly different (P <0.05) from indices of the months of October, November and December when highest prices occurred, confirming seasonality in weaner calf prices. Price indices were developed for use as an input in the economic viability assessment. A brief literature review on the production and quality of four common pastures in the Southern Cape was done to gather information for compiling pasture budgets for use in determining the economic viability of pasture backgrounding. The economic viability of backgrounding on pastures was evaluated on a gross margin level and illustrated for three pasture systems namely irrigated oats as a winter pasture, irrigated lucerne as a spring pasture and dryland P. clandestinum /E. plana /mixed grass also as a low-cost spring pasture. All three pasture systems showed a positive economic viability for the decision parameters used in the illustration. The gross margin of backgrounding on the oats pasture system was more sensitive to a small decrease in the predicted price or the predicted live weight and therefore a riskier option than backgrounding on the other two systems. Outputs from the gross margin analyses were used in partial budgeting to illustrate a robust decision support framework that beef farmers can use for making decisions whether to sell weaners straight after weaning as opposed to selling after a period of backgrounding on pastures. Overall results indicate that backgrounding of calves on pastures has the potential to be a viable beef enterprise on smaller farms in the region. Keywords: beef production; Gompertz growth curves, feed intake; pasture backgrounding; gross margin; partial budgets.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A study on reporting and learning in three natural resource management programmes in South Africa
- Authors: Mushwana, Vhutshilo Mudau
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Natural resources -- Management -- South Africa -- Case studies , Working for Water Programme , South African National Parks , Kruger to Canyon , Association for Water and Rural Development (South Africa) , RESILiM-Olifants Programme , Active learning -- South Africa , Environmental reporting , Environmental reporting -- South Africa -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/167586 , vital:41494
- Description: This is a case study that focuses on three Natural Resource Management programmes, namely: the Department of Environmental Affair’s Working for Water Programme, the Kruger to Canyon SANParks Biodiversity Social Projects as well as AWARD’s programme for Resilience in the Limpopo-Olifants Basin. All three programmes are being implemented in the Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces of South Africa. As a monitoring and evaluation officer at AWARD, I was part of the team that developed a strategy to enable learning through monitoring, evaluation and reporting, and this sparked my interest in understanding how other programmes might be approaching this. The focus of the study is on the role of reporting, as part of programme monitoring and evaluation, as a means to support learning of both programme implementers and organisations. An in-depth description of each case has been provided to enable an understanding of the overall reporting system, how reporting may play a role in supporting individual and organisational learning, and what factors enable or constrain learning in association with reporting. The research was descriptive and interpretive as the first phase of a possible extended study engaging organisations in exploring how to strengthen reporting for learning. The participants and organisations were sampled using both purposive and convenience sampling. Data was collected through 17 key informant interviews; observations during two learning events; and, the collection and review of numerous documents (guides, reports, templates etc.). The data was analysed through qualitative content analysis using two frameworks: Argyris’ three loops of learning (1974;1978) and the Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) lens (Engeström, 1987). The former was useful for bounding the types of learning to identify, and the latter for surfacing contradictions that can be explored in organisational development processes. Through the analysis of the data and literature, the following insights were gained: All three programmes have been ‘thinking’ about learning, but only in the case of AWARD was reporting associated with learning; in all three programmes, additional spaces have been designed to facilitate learning. Although programmes might not necessarily focus on reporting for learning, their reports do indicate a potential for facilitating reflection and thus learning. The organisational culture in government-based reporting systems is, however, strongly geared to performance management, accounting for resources spent, meeting targets and eliminating mistakes. Reports are used to guide planning, to account to the funder and to release further funding.. In this context only single and double loop learning is in evidence. Programme participants did raise ‘triple loop’ questions about whether the programme or system overall was working, but there did not seem to be space for such questions, in the reporting or the learning events, and there was no evidence that they were addressed. In the case of AWARD, spaces were created through reporting to encourage learning. This worked sometimes to enable learning but not always due to, for example, time constraints and competing responsibilities. There are certain aspects to consider when designing reporting that seem to support learning (see below). The process of using reporting for learning takes time and organisations might not get this right the first time around. Reflection opportunities are only experienced as enabling if participants have the space and power to act on the reflections, or see others acting on them to address issues, otherwise they get frustrated. Steps that could assist programmes in improving reporting to enable learning are: Adding to reporting templates a space for reflections to ensure that while the programme reports on the quantitative data needed for accountability purposes, it also creates additional space (without unduly increasing reporting responsibilities) for implementers’ learning. Encouraging discussion about ‘mistakes’ such as failures to meet targets, why they occur, and what we can learn from them. Allowing programme implementers to give feedback on their reporting challenges and take measures to support them, e.g. make adjustments to templates. Understanding the programme’s definition of learning, and the diverse learning needs that may be involved, which can contribute to a working strategy that the organisation can build on when initiating learning spaces. When learning events are organised, taking the inputs of participants seriously and developing ways in which these could be taken further into actions from which further learning can stem; reflecting on and raising issues without an opportunity for action is frustrating. The process of enabling reporting for learning takes time and organisations might not get it right the first time around (trial and error) and a strategy that worked for one organisation might not necessarily work for the next. When designing a learning strategy as part of a monitoring, evaluation and reporting framework, it is therefore important to consider the needs of the organisation and to work with implementers to develop and refine this over time. The thesis concludes with comments on the limitations of the study, the methodology and the analytical frameworks used, and finally, provides recommendations for further research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mushwana, Vhutshilo Mudau
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Natural resources -- Management -- South Africa -- Case studies , Working for Water Programme , South African National Parks , Kruger to Canyon , Association for Water and Rural Development (South Africa) , RESILiM-Olifants Programme , Active learning -- South Africa , Environmental reporting , Environmental reporting -- South Africa -- Case studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/167586 , vital:41494
- Description: This is a case study that focuses on three Natural Resource Management programmes, namely: the Department of Environmental Affair’s Working for Water Programme, the Kruger to Canyon SANParks Biodiversity Social Projects as well as AWARD’s programme for Resilience in the Limpopo-Olifants Basin. All three programmes are being implemented in the Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces of South Africa. As a monitoring and evaluation officer at AWARD, I was part of the team that developed a strategy to enable learning through monitoring, evaluation and reporting, and this sparked my interest in understanding how other programmes might be approaching this. The focus of the study is on the role of reporting, as part of programme monitoring and evaluation, as a means to support learning of both programme implementers and organisations. An in-depth description of each case has been provided to enable an understanding of the overall reporting system, how reporting may play a role in supporting individual and organisational learning, and what factors enable or constrain learning in association with reporting. The research was descriptive and interpretive as the first phase of a possible extended study engaging organisations in exploring how to strengthen reporting for learning. The participants and organisations were sampled using both purposive and convenience sampling. Data was collected through 17 key informant interviews; observations during two learning events; and, the collection and review of numerous documents (guides, reports, templates etc.). The data was analysed through qualitative content analysis using two frameworks: Argyris’ three loops of learning (1974;1978) and the Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) lens (Engeström, 1987). The former was useful for bounding the types of learning to identify, and the latter for surfacing contradictions that can be explored in organisational development processes. Through the analysis of the data and literature, the following insights were gained: All three programmes have been ‘thinking’ about learning, but only in the case of AWARD was reporting associated with learning; in all three programmes, additional spaces have been designed to facilitate learning. Although programmes might not necessarily focus on reporting for learning, their reports do indicate a potential for facilitating reflection and thus learning. The organisational culture in government-based reporting systems is, however, strongly geared to performance management, accounting for resources spent, meeting targets and eliminating mistakes. Reports are used to guide planning, to account to the funder and to release further funding.. In this context only single and double loop learning is in evidence. Programme participants did raise ‘triple loop’ questions about whether the programme or system overall was working, but there did not seem to be space for such questions, in the reporting or the learning events, and there was no evidence that they were addressed. In the case of AWARD, spaces were created through reporting to encourage learning. This worked sometimes to enable learning but not always due to, for example, time constraints and competing responsibilities. There are certain aspects to consider when designing reporting that seem to support learning (see below). The process of using reporting for learning takes time and organisations might not get this right the first time around. Reflection opportunities are only experienced as enabling if participants have the space and power to act on the reflections, or see others acting on them to address issues, otherwise they get frustrated. Steps that could assist programmes in improving reporting to enable learning are: Adding to reporting templates a space for reflections to ensure that while the programme reports on the quantitative data needed for accountability purposes, it also creates additional space (without unduly increasing reporting responsibilities) for implementers’ learning. Encouraging discussion about ‘mistakes’ such as failures to meet targets, why they occur, and what we can learn from them. Allowing programme implementers to give feedback on their reporting challenges and take measures to support them, e.g. make adjustments to templates. Understanding the programme’s definition of learning, and the diverse learning needs that may be involved, which can contribute to a working strategy that the organisation can build on when initiating learning spaces. When learning events are organised, taking the inputs of participants seriously and developing ways in which these could be taken further into actions from which further learning can stem; reflecting on and raising issues without an opportunity for action is frustrating. The process of enabling reporting for learning takes time and organisations might not get it right the first time around (trial and error) and a strategy that worked for one organisation might not necessarily work for the next. When designing a learning strategy as part of a monitoring, evaluation and reporting framework, it is therefore important to consider the needs of the organisation and to work with implementers to develop and refine this over time. The thesis concludes with comments on the limitations of the study, the methodology and the analytical frameworks used, and finally, provides recommendations for further research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A stunting profile of children under the age of five visiting Bhisho hospital clinic, part of the umbrella project: a profile of stunting in children under the age of five in food insecure villages in Mqanduli, Ngqushwa and Bhisho hospital, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Beyleveld, Janine
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Children -- growth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50201 , vital:42066
- Description: Introduction and Background: Stunting is the most prevalent form of childhood malnutrition where about 149 million children under the age of five can be classified as stunted globally. South Africa has one of the highest stunting rates in the world at 27%, causing devastating effects on economic productivity as well as on an individual’s nutritional status. The presence of stunted growth in children is a strong indicator of chronic undernutrition and highlights injustices experienced within communities. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop a stunning profile of children under the age of five, visiting BhishoHospital’s gateway clinic in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of stunting of the children visiting Bhisho Hospital’s clinic and to identify the drivers of stunting in the area. Methodology: A quantitative study with a descriptive, cross-sectional design was used. The study population included all children under the age of five visiting Bhisho Hospital’s clinic. Data was collected by means of an interview-administered questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of stunting in the area was 47.5%. A significant association was found between the participants' main form of sanitation and stunting category in the group of infants younger than six months (p = 0.007) and the group older than six months(p = 0.040). Discussion: The prevalence of stunting in the area was far higher than the national average of 27%, although the majority of the sample had a normal weight. The use of non-flush toilets was found to be a risk factor for childhood stunting. Recommendation: Financial and political investment in child health needs to be placed as a top priority in South Africa to reduce stunting rates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Beyleveld, Janine
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Children -- growth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50201 , vital:42066
- Description: Introduction and Background: Stunting is the most prevalent form of childhood malnutrition where about 149 million children under the age of five can be classified as stunted globally. South Africa has one of the highest stunting rates in the world at 27%, causing devastating effects on economic productivity as well as on an individual’s nutritional status. The presence of stunted growth in children is a strong indicator of chronic undernutrition and highlights injustices experienced within communities. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop a stunning profile of children under the age of five, visiting BhishoHospital’s gateway clinic in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of stunting of the children visiting Bhisho Hospital’s clinic and to identify the drivers of stunting in the area. Methodology: A quantitative study with a descriptive, cross-sectional design was used. The study population included all children under the age of five visiting Bhisho Hospital’s clinic. Data was collected by means of an interview-administered questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of stunting in the area was 47.5%. A significant association was found between the participants' main form of sanitation and stunting category in the group of infants younger than six months (p = 0.007) and the group older than six months(p = 0.040). Discussion: The prevalence of stunting in the area was far higher than the national average of 27%, although the majority of the sample had a normal weight. The use of non-flush toilets was found to be a risk factor for childhood stunting. Recommendation: Financial and political investment in child health needs to be placed as a top priority in South Africa to reduce stunting rates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A systematic review of the efficacy of internet-based interventions for depression and anxiety disorders: the possibilities and limitations for feasibility within South Africa
- Authors: Sealy-Fisher, Kay Tibeta
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Depression, Mental -- Treatment -- South Africa , Anxiety disorders -- Treatment -- South Africa , Internet in psychotherapy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144632 , vital:38364
- Description: Technological advances may alleviate the burden on South Africa’s mental healthcare system. This study is a systematic review of literature that assesses the efficacy of high quality online interventions for depression and anxiety, and that compares the reviewed studies’ characteristics to the South African context to assist in future developments of online interventions for depression and anxiety within South Africa. This was achieved through using a 2010 systematic review of Griffiths, Farrer, and Christensen as point of departure. This research had two aims: to provide an updated systematic review of the literature reporting on the efficacy of internet-based interventions for depression and anxiety disorders; and to evaluate the possibilities and limitations for the feasibility of implementing internet-based interventions for depression and anxiety disorders in the South African context. Databases accessed were PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Included studies must: (i) report on one or more internet-based intervention, (ii) target depression or anxiety or both, (iii) report the effect size or provide enough information to calculate it, (iv) report a measure of symptoms outcome, (v) be a Randomised Controlled Trial, (vi) include a control group that received no active intervention, (vii) be published and peer-reviewed, (viii) have been published after January 2010. The search yielded 2999 potential studies of which 20 full texts were reviewed. Of these, 75% (n=15) of the studies report effect sizes above 0.20, and 25% (n=5) of the studies report effect sizes above 0.80. Themes emergent from literature and included studies distinguished effective from non-effective studies included the use of cognitive behavioural therapy, therapist input and reminders to engage with the intervention, and duration of over 6 weeks. Attrition rates did not differ between experimental and control groups. Sample characteristics between the reviewed interventions and South Africa’s population were found to be different and is discussed. Unfortunately, 37 potential studies could not be accessed and thus not included, although several attempts were made. The majority of studies had effect sizes equal to that of face-to-face therapeutic interventions. Implications of application in South Africa’s context with limited technological familiarity, insufficiency of professionally trained therapists, poor literacy, and high costs of internet data are discussed. It is concluded that with appropriate adaptation, online internet interventions for depression and anxiety would be beneficial to South Africa’s people and assist in lowering the country’s burden of mental health disorders.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Sealy-Fisher, Kay Tibeta
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Depression, Mental -- Treatment -- South Africa , Anxiety disorders -- Treatment -- South Africa , Internet in psychotherapy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144632 , vital:38364
- Description: Technological advances may alleviate the burden on South Africa’s mental healthcare system. This study is a systematic review of literature that assesses the efficacy of high quality online interventions for depression and anxiety, and that compares the reviewed studies’ characteristics to the South African context to assist in future developments of online interventions for depression and anxiety within South Africa. This was achieved through using a 2010 systematic review of Griffiths, Farrer, and Christensen as point of departure. This research had two aims: to provide an updated systematic review of the literature reporting on the efficacy of internet-based interventions for depression and anxiety disorders; and to evaluate the possibilities and limitations for the feasibility of implementing internet-based interventions for depression and anxiety disorders in the South African context. Databases accessed were PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Included studies must: (i) report on one or more internet-based intervention, (ii) target depression or anxiety or both, (iii) report the effect size or provide enough information to calculate it, (iv) report a measure of symptoms outcome, (v) be a Randomised Controlled Trial, (vi) include a control group that received no active intervention, (vii) be published and peer-reviewed, (viii) have been published after January 2010. The search yielded 2999 potential studies of which 20 full texts were reviewed. Of these, 75% (n=15) of the studies report effect sizes above 0.20, and 25% (n=5) of the studies report effect sizes above 0.80. Themes emergent from literature and included studies distinguished effective from non-effective studies included the use of cognitive behavioural therapy, therapist input and reminders to engage with the intervention, and duration of over 6 weeks. Attrition rates did not differ between experimental and control groups. Sample characteristics between the reviewed interventions and South Africa’s population were found to be different and is discussed. Unfortunately, 37 potential studies could not be accessed and thus not included, although several attempts were made. The majority of studies had effect sizes equal to that of face-to-face therapeutic interventions. Implications of application in South Africa’s context with limited technological familiarity, insufficiency of professionally trained therapists, poor literacy, and high costs of internet data are discussed. It is concluded that with appropriate adaptation, online internet interventions for depression and anxiety would be beneficial to South Africa’s people and assist in lowering the country’s burden of mental health disorders.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A trade union’s right to strike to acquire organisational rights
- Authors: Bebula, Vitamin Luxolo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Labor unions -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Industrial relations -- South Africa South Africa -- Labour Relations Act -- 1995
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48949 , vital:41565
- Description: Chapter II of the Labour Relations Act (LRA) entrenches the right to freedom of association. Section 1(c) of the LRA outlines the purpose of this Act as to provide a collective bargaining framework to determine wages, terms and conditions of employment, and matters of mutual interest by the employees and their unions and employers and employer’s organisation. Under this chapter, section (1)3 of the LRA confers the right to an employee to join a trade union, form or participate in forming a trade union or federation of trade unions. The member of a trade union has a right to participate in the lawful activities of his or her union. Regarding freedom of association, the new government took a commitment to uphold international labour standards and promised to submit to International Labour Organisation (ILO) Conventions on freedom of association and collective bargaining to parliament for ratification. In 1992 some provision of the previous Labour Relations Act was declared by ILO’s FFCC as incompatible with the freedom of association. The convention affords the workers and employers the right to establish and join organisations and federations of their own choice. The ILO also protects the right to collective bargaining. The convention also confers the right to provision of facilities to worker’s representatives for prompt and effective conduction of their activities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Bebula, Vitamin Luxolo
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Labor unions -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Industrial relations -- South Africa South Africa -- Labour Relations Act -- 1995
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48949 , vital:41565
- Description: Chapter II of the Labour Relations Act (LRA) entrenches the right to freedom of association. Section 1(c) of the LRA outlines the purpose of this Act as to provide a collective bargaining framework to determine wages, terms and conditions of employment, and matters of mutual interest by the employees and their unions and employers and employer’s organisation. Under this chapter, section (1)3 of the LRA confers the right to an employee to join a trade union, form or participate in forming a trade union or federation of trade unions. The member of a trade union has a right to participate in the lawful activities of his or her union. Regarding freedom of association, the new government took a commitment to uphold international labour standards and promised to submit to International Labour Organisation (ILO) Conventions on freedom of association and collective bargaining to parliament for ratification. In 1992 some provision of the previous Labour Relations Act was declared by ILO’s FFCC as incompatible with the freedom of association. The convention affords the workers and employers the right to establish and join organisations and federations of their own choice. The ILO also protects the right to collective bargaining. The convention also confers the right to provision of facilities to worker’s representatives for prompt and effective conduction of their activities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A tribute to you
- Ndlebe-September, Thobeka Veronica
- Authors: Ndlebe-September, Thobeka Veronica
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , South African fiction (English) -- History and criticism , Short stories, South African (English) -- 21st century , Xhosa fiction -- 21st century , Xhosa fiction -- History and criticism , Short stories, Xhosa -- 21st century , Diaries -- Authorship
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144989 , vital:38398
- Description: My collection of short stories reflects my interest in narrative biblical fiction, allegorical stories about people and nature that resonate with our daily lives. I have been greatly influenced by writers such as Joel Matlou, Flannery O’Connor, Barry Gifford, Miriam Tladi and Leah Harris amongst others. I have also been captivated by fairy tales and folk tales, and also the work of isiXhosa writers such as S. E. K. Mqhayi, Madiponi Masenya, and Hulisani Ramantswana. I have discovered that I can borrow certain styles and forms of writing to enhance my own stories which are situated within ‘local’ contexts such as education, poverty, employment, the body, life and death.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Ndlebe-September, Thobeka Veronica
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , South African fiction (English) -- History and criticism , Short stories, South African (English) -- 21st century , Xhosa fiction -- 21st century , Xhosa fiction -- History and criticism , Short stories, Xhosa -- 21st century , Diaries -- Authorship
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144989 , vital:38398
- Description: My collection of short stories reflects my interest in narrative biblical fiction, allegorical stories about people and nature that resonate with our daily lives. I have been greatly influenced by writers such as Joel Matlou, Flannery O’Connor, Barry Gifford, Miriam Tladi and Leah Harris amongst others. I have also been captivated by fairy tales and folk tales, and also the work of isiXhosa writers such as S. E. K. Mqhayi, Madiponi Masenya, and Hulisani Ramantswana. I have discovered that I can borrow certain styles and forms of writing to enhance my own stories which are situated within ‘local’ contexts such as education, poverty, employment, the body, life and death.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A Veblenian Dichotomy re-examination of labour brokerage and South African labour market functionality
- Authors: Haaketa, Bernadatte Tina
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Veblen, Thorstein, 1857-1929 , Contracting out -- South Africa , Temporary employment -- South Africa , Industrial relations -- South Africa , Labor supply -- South Africa , Labor supply -- Effect of technological innovations on -- South Africa , Manpower policy -- South Africa , Labor market -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/168446 , vital:41583
- Description: Labour markets ar ound the world have witnessed a great change in labour relations. The introduction of globa lisation, increased competition and technological advancements has caused business organisations to change their employment methods. While trying to survive and remain profitable, employers have adopted a new form of triangular employment relationship. Thi s form of employment relationship known as labour broking and which forms part of the Temporary Employment Services (TES) involves a relationship between the worker, labour agent (broker) and a client c ompany. Although it may seem like a good strategy for business organisations, the change in employment relationships has had negative effects and contributed to labour market dysfunctionalities . This has resulted in critics of labour broking calling or an end in labour broking and supporters of labour broking asking for better regulation of the industry. Labour markets are me When it comes to analysing labour broking and its impact on labour market functionality in South Africa. Scholars and analysts such as Budlender ( 2013 ) and Bhorat, Lil enstein, Oosthuizen , and Thornton ( 2016 ) have used the Neoclassical , New Institutional Economics and Marxist approach es. The current views on labour broking and the current schools of thought fail to look at the underlying behavioural aspect of labour brokers and the client c ompanies. Hence making it easy for labour brokers and their client companies to continue with their unscrupulous activities. However, this t hesis adapted the Veblenian Dichotomy framework which focuses on understanding the role of the evolutionary proce ss and the role of institutions in shaping economic behaviour. The Veblenian dichotomy shows that power plays an important role in how labour markets are run. Similarly, behaviour also influences the manner in which labour brokers and client companies trea t workers. And lastly the Veblenian dichotomy shows that in order for the industry to be run better there has to be change in the behaviour and cultu re of the labour brokers and client companies . This view allows for deeper analysis of the reasons for the flour ishing nature of labour broking and the rationale behind the behaviour of economic players and attempts to provide solutions on how labour brok ing can be correctly administered in South Africa. The Veblenian Dichotomy categorises institutions into t wo sets, namely the ceremonial institutions and instrumental institutions. Where Ceremonial institutions are said to be institutions that foster the interests of business such as profitability and earning of free income, even if there is no corresponding i ncrease in production. While Instrumental institutions, usually working through the influence of technology, address the interests of the common pers on and the labourer as well as business (Waller, 1982; Foster, 1981; Veblen, 1919). These two systems of va lues and institutions are antagonistic and the relative strength of one to the other determines economic outcomes and in whose interests the outcomes would be (Waller, 1982; Foster, 1981; Veblen, 1919). The Veblenian Dichotomy further looks at ceremonial encapsulation which occurs when ceremonial systems prevail over instrumental systems. Ceremonial encapsulation presents the hypothesis that the insti tutional structure will absorb new technology only to the extent that it can do so without disrupting the e xisting value structure (Waller, 1987; Bush, 1979.) The thesis use d various sources , such as working papers, public hearings, court cases, trade union submissions, integrated reports from companies, employee submissions and media publications on the debate about labour broking whether labour broking and applied the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysi s (IPA) research approach, in the process of data collection and analysis . The thesis further applied thematic analysis to derive themes that would be used to analyse the impact of labour broking on labour market functionality in South Africa. The emergent themes and subthemes were Exploitative lab our relations subthemes; job Insecurity, increased financial burden and no skills development. The second theme was; Competitive advantage and the subthemes were; i ncreased profits and organisational efficiency. The third theme was l abour market efficiency and the subthemes were. E mployment creation and labour market flexibility. And, the last theme was a mbiguous l abour regulation s with subthemes; n o freedom of association and a tool for circumventing labour regulations . Lastly, Tool’s (1994) criteria of j udgement for institutional adjustments was used to evaluate the emergent themes and to evaluate the impact of l abour broking on the overall welfare of individuals, which includes determining whether employees in the TES sector gain skills and improved stan dards of living. The findings of the research the TES sector is characterised by ceremonial values. Ceremonial values (as mentioned in section 3.3) are those values that are warranted by the ways of life that prescribe status and hierarchies and unpleasant distinctions to apply value and status on other people (Bush, 1987, 1988; Ayres, 1967). Thus changing the way in which labour brokers conduct themselves or handle labour broking activities would prove to be difficult . T he power that is mostly used in TES employment sectors is condign power. Condign power is explained as the form of power that is predominantly used in ceremonially encapsulated markets. And it involves making use of punishment or fear in order to get people to do something. This is because w orkers in the TES sector are forced to submit to conditions that they would not normally have submitted to if t hey did not have a fear of losing their jobs. This supports existing literature which shows that in the TES sector, TES employers use force and p ower in order to get the workers to do something, and this results in a master - servant relationship between the employer and the employee. Furthermore, the protests that erupt in the TES sector agree with Marxist theory which notes that the frustrations in the way workers are treated would result in a revolution of the working class against the employers. However, now, workers have not been able to overcome the employers and take over the industry. In addition to what current literature says, the research found that some managers make use of labour broking as a way of manifesting their exploitative characteristics on the labour market, thus creating information asymmetries in order to advance their own personal needs. Situations such as these reve al characteristics of opportunistic behaviour, which is perpetuated by the imperfect flow of information. This means th at the market is imperfect, and imperfect markets are characteristics of dysfunctional labour markets. The research also found that it i s the South African Constitution that protects labour brokers and client companies from accounting for the unfair treatm ent of workers. Labour brokers and client companies rely on the South African Constitution to defend them when it comes to banning labou r broking. This is because section 22 of the Constitution talks about the right of every individual to trade freely in S outh Africa (Kutumela, 2015). When institutional adjustments do not meet the requirements of the progressive criteria, it means they are regressive. Based on the data that was collected and the responses and remarks of the workers, trade unions, and trade union federations, it can be said that TES employment and labour broking hinders labour market functionality. Hence, it can be concluded that, due to the characteristics mentioned, labour broking does indeed have a regressive element which hinders labour m arket functionality. An area for further research for TES employment would be to look at the impact of the amendments to the Labour Rela tions Act. Specifically focusing on the Constitutional Court ruling, which forces labour brokers to treat employees who have been employed for longer than three months as permanent employees.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Haaketa, Bernadatte Tina
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Veblen, Thorstein, 1857-1929 , Contracting out -- South Africa , Temporary employment -- South Africa , Industrial relations -- South Africa , Labor supply -- South Africa , Labor supply -- Effect of technological innovations on -- South Africa , Manpower policy -- South Africa , Labor market -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/168446 , vital:41583
- Description: Labour markets ar ound the world have witnessed a great change in labour relations. The introduction of globa lisation, increased competition and technological advancements has caused business organisations to change their employment methods. While trying to survive and remain profitable, employers have adopted a new form of triangular employment relationship. Thi s form of employment relationship known as labour broking and which forms part of the Temporary Employment Services (TES) involves a relationship between the worker, labour agent (broker) and a client c ompany. Although it may seem like a good strategy for business organisations, the change in employment relationships has had negative effects and contributed to labour market dysfunctionalities . This has resulted in critics of labour broking calling or an end in labour broking and supporters of labour broking asking for better regulation of the industry. Labour markets are me When it comes to analysing labour broking and its impact on labour market functionality in South Africa. Scholars and analysts such as Budlender ( 2013 ) and Bhorat, Lil enstein, Oosthuizen , and Thornton ( 2016 ) have used the Neoclassical , New Institutional Economics and Marxist approach es. The current views on labour broking and the current schools of thought fail to look at the underlying behavioural aspect of labour brokers and the client c ompanies. Hence making it easy for labour brokers and their client companies to continue with their unscrupulous activities. However, this t hesis adapted the Veblenian Dichotomy framework which focuses on understanding the role of the evolutionary proce ss and the role of institutions in shaping economic behaviour. The Veblenian dichotomy shows that power plays an important role in how labour markets are run. Similarly, behaviour also influences the manner in which labour brokers and client companies trea t workers. And lastly the Veblenian dichotomy shows that in order for the industry to be run better there has to be change in the behaviour and cultu re of the labour brokers and client companies . This view allows for deeper analysis of the reasons for the flour ishing nature of labour broking and the rationale behind the behaviour of economic players and attempts to provide solutions on how labour brok ing can be correctly administered in South Africa. The Veblenian Dichotomy categorises institutions into t wo sets, namely the ceremonial institutions and instrumental institutions. Where Ceremonial institutions are said to be institutions that foster the interests of business such as profitability and earning of free income, even if there is no corresponding i ncrease in production. While Instrumental institutions, usually working through the influence of technology, address the interests of the common pers on and the labourer as well as business (Waller, 1982; Foster, 1981; Veblen, 1919). These two systems of va lues and institutions are antagonistic and the relative strength of one to the other determines economic outcomes and in whose interests the outcomes would be (Waller, 1982; Foster, 1981; Veblen, 1919). The Veblenian Dichotomy further looks at ceremonial encapsulation which occurs when ceremonial systems prevail over instrumental systems. Ceremonial encapsulation presents the hypothesis that the insti tutional structure will absorb new technology only to the extent that it can do so without disrupting the e xisting value structure (Waller, 1987; Bush, 1979.) The thesis use d various sources , such as working papers, public hearings, court cases, trade union submissions, integrated reports from companies, employee submissions and media publications on the debate about labour broking whether labour broking and applied the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysi s (IPA) research approach, in the process of data collection and analysis . The thesis further applied thematic analysis to derive themes that would be used to analyse the impact of labour broking on labour market functionality in South Africa. The emergent themes and subthemes were Exploitative lab our relations subthemes; job Insecurity, increased financial burden and no skills development. The second theme was; Competitive advantage and the subthemes were; i ncreased profits and organisational efficiency. The third theme was l abour market efficiency and the subthemes were. E mployment creation and labour market flexibility. And, the last theme was a mbiguous l abour regulation s with subthemes; n o freedom of association and a tool for circumventing labour regulations . Lastly, Tool’s (1994) criteria of j udgement for institutional adjustments was used to evaluate the emergent themes and to evaluate the impact of l abour broking on the overall welfare of individuals, which includes determining whether employees in the TES sector gain skills and improved stan dards of living. The findings of the research the TES sector is characterised by ceremonial values. Ceremonial values (as mentioned in section 3.3) are those values that are warranted by the ways of life that prescribe status and hierarchies and unpleasant distinctions to apply value and status on other people (Bush, 1987, 1988; Ayres, 1967). Thus changing the way in which labour brokers conduct themselves or handle labour broking activities would prove to be difficult . T he power that is mostly used in TES employment sectors is condign power. Condign power is explained as the form of power that is predominantly used in ceremonially encapsulated markets. And it involves making use of punishment or fear in order to get people to do something. This is because w orkers in the TES sector are forced to submit to conditions that they would not normally have submitted to if t hey did not have a fear of losing their jobs. This supports existing literature which shows that in the TES sector, TES employers use force and p ower in order to get the workers to do something, and this results in a master - servant relationship between the employer and the employee. Furthermore, the protests that erupt in the TES sector agree with Marxist theory which notes that the frustrations in the way workers are treated would result in a revolution of the working class against the employers. However, now, workers have not been able to overcome the employers and take over the industry. In addition to what current literature says, the research found that some managers make use of labour broking as a way of manifesting their exploitative characteristics on the labour market, thus creating information asymmetries in order to advance their own personal needs. Situations such as these reve al characteristics of opportunistic behaviour, which is perpetuated by the imperfect flow of information. This means th at the market is imperfect, and imperfect markets are characteristics of dysfunctional labour markets. The research also found that it i s the South African Constitution that protects labour brokers and client companies from accounting for the unfair treatm ent of workers. Labour brokers and client companies rely on the South African Constitution to defend them when it comes to banning labou r broking. This is because section 22 of the Constitution talks about the right of every individual to trade freely in S outh Africa (Kutumela, 2015). When institutional adjustments do not meet the requirements of the progressive criteria, it means they are regressive. Based on the data that was collected and the responses and remarks of the workers, trade unions, and trade union federations, it can be said that TES employment and labour broking hinders labour market functionality. Hence, it can be concluded that, due to the characteristics mentioned, labour broking does indeed have a regressive element which hinders labour m arket functionality. An area for further research for TES employment would be to look at the impact of the amendments to the Labour Rela tions Act. Specifically focusing on the Constitutional Court ruling, which forces labour brokers to treat employees who have been employed for longer than three months as permanent employees.
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- Date Issued: 2020