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Entrepreneurial intention among Rhodes University undergraduate students

  • Authors: Bell, Jonathan Andrew
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: Rhodes University -- Undergraduates , Entrepreneurship -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Social cognitive theory , Intention , Attitude (Psychology) , Influence (Psychology) , South Africa -- Economic conditions -- 1991-
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
  • Identifier: vital:3267 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020011
  • Description: The entrepreneurial intentions of university students are important factors to consider when developing entrepreneurship offerings at tertiary level institutions. This research study reports on pertinent findings from a study which set out to determine Rhodes university undergraduate students‟ entrepreneurial intentions and their pull and push factors that have brought them to the decision to become entrepreneurs. A survey, using a 43 question structured web-based instrument was used to capture the responses from undergraduate students across different departments at Rhodes University, Grahamstown. Key findings suggest that few undergraduate students intend to enter into an entrepreneurship career immediately after completion of their studies, whereas many of the respondents were more interested in doing so five years after graduation. The vast majority of students were satisfied without having formal entrepreneurial education and factors such as previous employment in entrepreneurial activities, and family influence had a statistical significant relationship with entrepreneurial intention.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Environmental citizenship in citizen science: a case study of a volunteer toad conservation group in Noordhoek, South Africa

  • Authors: Van Wyk, Sheraine Maud
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: Toad NUTS (Noordhoek, South Africa) , Environmental education -- South Africa -- Noordhoek , Environmental education -- Citizen participation , Social learning -- South Africa -- Noordhoek , Toads -- Conservation -- South Africa -- Noordhoek , Toads -- Conservation -- Citizen participation
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: vital:2048 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017359
  • Description: The endangered Western Leopard Toad (Amietophrynus pantherinus) is endemic to the winter-rainfall parts of the Western Cape, areas which are also favoured for human settlement. Residents in the Noordhoek area witnessed many toads being killed on roads during their annual migration to breeding ponds. Concerned citizens mobilised a volunteer group to mitigate this threat to the species. Toad NUTS (Noordhoek Unpaid Toad Savers), a well-established and successful citizen science group is explored as a case study of how environmental citizenship emerges in a citizen science group. This research has three research goals. Firstly to probe the enabling and constraining factors shaping the Toad NUTS practices, secondly to investigate the learning dynamics in the citizen science group and thirdly to understand how participation in citizen science develops environmental citizenship. Practice architectures theory (Kemmis & Grootenboer, 2008) was used to explore how cultural-discursive, economic-material and social-political arrangements shape the practices of the Toad NUTS group. The Toad NUTS group was identified as a community of practice, therefore Lave and Wenger’s (1991) communities of practice theory was used to better understand the social learning processes within the group. The Global Citizenship Education international policy document was used to capture the aims of citizenship education as it relates to environmental issues and identifies the competencies that citizenship education initiatives should develop. The practices of the Toad NUTS group were investigated for evidence of the goals and competencies identified in the Global Citizenship Education policy documents of environmental citizenship. Data was generated through documentary research, surveys, a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews and observations. The data was stored, organised and analysed using NVivo data management software in three phases corresponding to the three research goals. With respect to Goal 1, the evidence suggested that there are various shaping arrangements of cultural-discursive, material-economic and social-political configurations which influence Toad NUTS practices. Volunteers must learn to navigate these arrangements in order to successfully implement conservation strategies. The shaping features identified were the WhatsApp group communication system used by volunteers; public awareness and education strategies; equipment, material and funding required for implementing the group’s practices; power balances and exchanges between stakeholders in the conservation field; bureaucratic processes and scientist-lay person exchanges. Very important for facilitating social-political connections to various stakeholders, is the membership Toad NUTS enjoys on the Western Leopard Toad Conservation Committee. With respect to Goal 2, four interconnected components of learning were investigated. These were: learning as belonging, learning as doing, learning as meaning-making experience and learning as becoming. Members learn by doing things together like training, patrolling and deliberating problems in the field. They learn by exploring what is collectively known from past and unfolding experiences. Evidence showed that learning deepens as Toad NUTS members perceive their praxis as meaningful and their identities evolve as their knowledge and experience grows. This strengthens members’ sense of belonging and identification with the Toad NUTS group. In time the group develops a reputation and the wider community acknowledges the expertise and knowledge that resides with the group. With respect to Goal 3, it was found that volunteers who have a predisposition for environmental citizenship are more likely to join a citizen science group. Although volunteers care about nature and want to make a difference, it is after gaining access to the embedded knowledge and knowledge processes of the citizen science group that they realise meaningful sustainable solutions to the issue(s) that the project is concerned with. It was found that knowledge paired with reasoned practice enables the agency of volunteers to bring about positive and meaningful change in the local environment. If facilitated carefully, citizen science can make positive contributions to the field, in this instance, conservation, while allowing volunteers to exercise environmental citizenship engaging in participative governance with regard to the project.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Environmental flows, health and importance of macrophytes in the estuaries of water management area 11

  • Authors: Cowie, Meredith
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: Estuarine ecology -- South Africa , Estuaries -- South Africa -- Management , Aquatic plants -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7930 , vital:24324
  • Description: Estuaries require sufficient quantity, quality and appropriate timing of freshwater inflow, referred to as environmental flow requirements, to ensure adequate health and functioning. In South Africa the environmental flow requirements of estuaries is determined using Resource Directed Measures (RDM). The present health and importance of an estuary must be considered when determining the ecological flow required to maintain an estuary in its desired state. An Estuarine Health Index that quantifies changes in abiotic and biotic components from natural conditions to present day is used. Health of biotic components is assessed according to changes in species richness, abundance and community composition. There has, however, been debate regarding the calculation of these attributes. In particular, for macrophytes, the inclusion of all habitat within the Estuarine Functional Zone (i.e. 5 m topographical contour) would affect the health and changes over time determined in past assessments. This is due to different areas being included as different areas would be included The aim of this study was to test the validity and suggest improvements to South Africa’s RDM macrophyte health score determination. The health of macrophytes were assessed at varying levels of intensity from desktop studies to thorough field studies. Rapid field studies provided a visual estimate of macrophyte health; while the intermediate and comprehensive assessments quantified change by mapping the distribution of macrophyte habitats from aerial photographs. These approaches were applied to the 64 estuaries within the Mvoti-Mzimkulu Water Management Area (WMA 11), situated in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) on the subtropical east coast. Historically, these estuaries have supported restricted macrophyte habitats. Consequently, estuaries that presently or historically supported range limited habitats such as mangroves and swamp forest are considered important. Submerged macrophytes are scarce in KZN estuaries due to siltation and low turbidity and thus estuaries supporting this macrophyte habitat are also important. Based on available literature important estuaries were highlighted and selected for field studies. Transects spanning from the estuary water channel to the boundary of the EFZ provided a generalised distribution of KZN vegetation along an elevation gradient. The transition from estuarine to terrestrial vegetation can be used to improve the current EFZ boundaries, as estuarine area has been found to occur outside of the 5 m contour in some estuaries. Results from the desktop assessment indicated that most of the estuaries are moderately modified. There was a 50 % similarity in the macrophyte health scores determined by the desktop assessment to the 2011 National Biodiversity Assessment (NBA). Field studies mostly confirmed the desktop assessment aside from seven estuaries that had different scores. There has been a significant loss of macrophyte habitat with 100% loss of certain habitats from 9 of the 22 estuaries for which there were field assessments. Submerged macrophytes were not found at any of the estuaries that were assessed in the field. Black mangroves, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam., were rediscovered at Ngane Estuary, however the few individuals could not be considered a ‘mappable’ community (i.e. <0.5 ha). Mtamvuna and Mkomazi estuaries both supported small stands of mangroves that, compared to data from 2006, appeared healthy. Macrophyte habitats and surrounding coastal forest matched the species composition described in the Vegetation Map of South Africa. The freshwater mangrove or Powder puff tree, Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Roxb, was not abundant in the estuaries. It was only found at four (Damba, Fafa, Little Amanzimtoti and Mvoti) of the estuaries that were assessed in the field. Important estuaries, from a botanical perspective, included some of the larger estuaries such as Mgeni, Durban Bay and Sipingo. Smaller, healthier estuaries that presently support mangrove and swamp forest habitat were also identified as important from a botanical perspective. Macrophyte habitats have mainly been lost due to non-flow related pressures. Sugarcane cultivation occurred within the floodplain of 25% of the estuaries. Nutrient enrichment was evident for 12.5% of the estuaries and reed encroachment was evident for 27% of estuaries for which there were field assessments. Development, aside from the N2 road bridges, was evident for 40% of the estuaries assessed in the field. Invasive plant species, including aquatic invasive plants, were present in all estuaries assessed in the field. The extent of invasive plant species was related to the degree of disturbance and surrounding land use pressures. The Mkomazi and Mvoti estuaries that were assessed at a comprehensive level, as they have earmarked for further water abstraction, had the poorest macrophyte health scores. The macrophyte health of these estuaries was much lower than previously determined by the NBA. The decline in health was attributed to the removal of macrophyte habitat for sugarcane cultivation and development as well as displacement by invasive plant species. The areas covered by the macrophyte habitats also differed from the NBA highlighting the importance of updated mapping and ground truthing. Largely differing macrophyte health scores were produced when attributes were calculated using different combinations of macrophyte habitats. Results indicate that only macrophyte habitats and no other floodplain vegetation should be included when calculating abundance. All macrophyte habitats, physical habitats and floodplain should be incorporated when calculating community composition. The minimum of these attributes is used as the overall macrophyte health score as a precautionary approach is followed. Scoring of health is subjective and the only benchmark for determining the most appropriate method is comparion with previous RDM studies. This study illustrates the need for a standardised RDM scoring method that is presented in a manner that ensures the same results irregardless of the speciliast conducting the study. The updated estuary health and importance scores for WMA 11 are necessary to inform management, particularly as few of the estuaries receive formal protection. In conclusion, this study contributed to the limited knowledge of the estuaries of WMA 11 and assisted in determining appropriate methods for assessing the health and importance of estuary macrophytes.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Error analysis in a learner corpus : a study of errors amongst Grade 12 Oshiwambo speaking learners of English in northern Namibia

  • Authors: Nghikembua, Annelie Ndapanda
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: Corpora (Linguistics) , Language and languages -- Study and teaching -- Error analysis , English language -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Namibia -- Oshana , Second language acquisition , Contrastive linguistics
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:2386 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018911
  • Description: High failure rates in English as a second language at secondary school level have become a concern in the Namibian education sector. From 2005 until 2013, the overall performance of the grade 12 learners in English as a second language on Ordinary level in the Oshana region was unsatisfactory. In fact, only a minority (18.52 percent) of the grade 12 learners obtained a grading in the range of A to D in comparison to the majority (81.48 percent) of learners who obtained a grading of E to U. The poor performance was attributed to: poor sentence structure, syllabification and spelling (Directorate of National Examination and Assessment, 2007-2010). The causes of these low performance rates however, were not scientifically explored in this region. Therefore this study embarked on an investigation in order to identify the reasons behind the low performance rates of the grade 12 Oshiwambo speaking learners of English and to determine whether the impressionistic results from the Directorate’s report correlate with the present study’s findings. In order to understand the dynamic linguistic system of the learners, a contrastive analysis of Oshiwambo and English was done in order to investigate the potential origins of some of the errors. An error analysis approach was also used to identify, classify and interpret the non-standard forms produced by the learners in their written work. Based on the results obtained from this study, a more comprehensible assessment rubric was devised to help identify learners’ written errors. A group of 100 learners from five different schools in the Oshana region was asked to write an essay of 150 to 200 words in English. The essays were analysed using Corder’s (1967) conceptual framework which outlines the steps that a researcher uses when undertaking an error analysis study. The errors were categorised according to Keshavarz’s (2006) linguistic error taxonomy. Based on this taxonomy, the results revealed that learners largely made errors in the following categories: phonology/orthography, morpho-syntax, lexico-semantics, discourse and techniquepunctuation. The study concluded that these errors were most likely due to: first language interference, overgeneralisation, ignorance of rule restriction and carelessness. Other proposed probable causes were context of learning and lack of knowledge of English grammar. The study makes a significant contribution, in that the findings can be used as a guide for the Namibian Ministry of Education in improving the status quo at schools and informing the line Ministry on various methods of dealing with language difficulties faced by learners. The findings can also empower teachers to help learners with difficulties in English language learning, thereby enabling learners to improve their English language proficiency. The study has proposed methods of intervention in order to facilitate the teaching of English as a second language in the Oshana region. In addition, the study has devised an easily applied assessment rubric that will assist in identifying non-standard forms of language used by learners. The reason for designing a new rubric is because the rubric which is currently being used is believed to be subjective, inconsistent and lacks transparency. , Name in Graduation Programme as: Nghikembua, Anneli Ndapanda
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Evaluating coverage of the environment: a comparative study of the observations of academics and journalists

  • Authors: Koro, Emmanuel
  • Date: 2015
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/64888 , vital:28628
  • Description: This study is a comparative analysis of the way that academics and journalists evaluate media coverage of news about the environment. The purpose is to gain insight into the kind of contributions that each of these groups can make to debates about the role that such coverage should play within processes of public deliberations about the environment. The dissertation begins by establishing theoretical terms of reference for assessing discussions of the journalistic coverage of the environment. It proposes that it is of value to consider the conceptualisation, within such discussions, of credible knowledge about the environment and, more particularly, to establish whether such conceptualisation is based within a positivist, interpretive, or critical realist paradigm. It is demonstrated that each of these epistemological traditions brings valuable perspectives to the discussion of journalism about the environment within such literature. It is, however, the positivist perspective that remains dominant, and this limits the extent to which the potential of the other two epistemological positions are fully realized. It is also demonstrated that there is a tendency, within this literature, to focus on the performance of individual journalists with minimal attention to the particularities of institutional and social context. It is proposed that this tendency results from the adherence to a positivist approach to the evaluation of journalism. The dissertation then describes the design and implementation of the empirical component of the study - dealing with decisions made about the overall methodological framing, the choice of method, the fieldwork plan and the approach to analysis. It is explained that the aim of the empirical component was to examine South African print journalists’ discussions of coverage of the environment in their own publications, and to compare such discussion to that which is represented in the academic literature. The dissertation then presents a summary of the themes that emerged from the analysis of the interview material that formed part of this empirical work. It is demonstrated that the evaluation of coverage of the environment, as articulated by the research participants, is informed by many of the assumptions and values that can be identified within academic literature. Such evaluation is, furthermore, similarly informed by a positivist, interpretive and critical treatment of knowledge - with, again, a tendency for the positivist position to dominate. One important difference is that the research participants include more references to institutional context. It is proposed, however, that the tendency to prioritise a positivist epistemological framing continues to place limitations on the extent to which the participants are able to fully articulate their knowledge about such context.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Evaluating entrepreneurial traits and business practices of SMEs in the Eastern Cape

  • Authors: Klaas, Matthew Thamsanqa
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: Entrepreneurship New business enterprises
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11103 , vital:26885
  • Description: Small and Medium Size Enterprises (SMEs) are considered a vital catalyst for economic growth and a source of job creation. In South Africa, with the high levels of unemployment, the contribution made by SMEs is of particular importance. However this sector of the economy is plagued by a high rate of business failure. In an effort to improve the current situation, this study sought to identify which business practices and entrepreneurial traits are present in SMEs in the Eastern Cape that may enhance business performance. The research was carried out amongst SMEs in the Eastern Cape however the results and recommendations of the study can be applied to SMEs in other parts of the country. The research methodology employed in this study was a quantitative approach. A web-based survey was distributed to potential respondents. The criteria used in identify potential respondents for the purpose of this study was that, the SME had to have less than 200 employees and been in business for more than three years. A combination of snowball and convenience sampling was used to select the sample. The researcher developed a conceptual framework using the literature as basis. The survey was distributed to 40 potential respondents. A total of 21 responses were received which translates to a 51 percent response rate. Data analysis was performed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics. The study confirmed the existence of a significant relationship between the independent variables being human resource management, accounting, technology, internal controls and entrepreneurial traits and the dependent variables being business performance. The study affirmed the notion that certain business practices and entrepreneurial traits should be prevalent in a SMEs business in order to enhance business performance. The findings of this study are such that these business practices should be present however the variables highlighted here are not absolute as there are other business practices that are of equal importance.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Evaluating revenue collection and allocation challenges faced by Ndlambe Local Municipality (Eastern Cape Province)

  • Authors: Pieters, Nonkqubela Ntomboxolo
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: Municipal corporations -- Taxation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Municipal finance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4426 , vital:28338
  • Description: In this project, the researcher evaluates revenue collection and allocation challenges faced by South African Municipalities in the case of NDLAMBE Local Municipality and this research project consist of five Chapters. Chapter one introduces and outlines the setting of the study and also provides the problem statement, research questions, research objectives and significance of the study. The chapter further clarifies the key concepts and terms that were used in the study, delimitation and limitations of the study. Chapter two provides a critical discussion of the concept of revenue collection and allocation, focusing on the various perspective of revenue. A source of municipal revenue and revenue collection and allocation model is explained as well as theoretical framework that guides it. Chapter three gives an account of the research design and methodology used in the study and in this study the researcher used the qualitative research approach as a data collection technique and document surveys were used because it is cheap and it saves time. The chapter also highlights the revenue collection and allocation applicable to the study and conclude by discussing the data analysis techniques that were used in the empirical study. Chapter four dealt with the data analysis of data collected presentation and discussion of the results and the researcher analyzed data using the filtering technique and content analysis. Chapter five drew conclusions and made scientific recommendations based on the research findings.The municipality is largely dependent on grants from upper spheres of government and generate less than 20 percent of current expenditures from own resources. As a whole, the revenue collection and allocation challenge of the NDLAMBE Local Municipality, given the current scenario of flows, is a reason for concern. Due to historical and political factors, local governments in South Africa differ substantially in terms of potential revenue base, but it may be that in many cases potential revenue is not exploited and that the high level of dependency on grants, high level of bad debts and lack of political will to be more self-reliant is the result of poor revenue in NDLAMBE Local Municipality.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Evaluating support service co-operation in the Netcare-Settlers public private partnership, Grahamstown, South Africa

  • Authors: Mahote, Tulisa
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: Settlers Hospital , Netcare 911 , Public-private sector cooperation -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Privatization -- South Africa , Medical care -- Privatization -- South Africa , Health services accessibility -- South Africa , Contracting out -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
  • Identifier: vital:3408 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020834
  • Description: The neo-liberal restructuring of state assets and facilities, which has taken place internationally over the past three decades, as well as in South Africa, has been a matter of great controversy. Privatisation, in particular, has been a polarising issue, especially when applied to fields like healthcare. Supporters of privatisation view it as cutting costs, mobilising funding, expertise and innovation, resulting in improved delivery, and opening possibilities for a spread of ownership. Critics claim the process involves retrenchments, declining services for the (poorer) majority of people, and a focus on the elites as citizens become transformed into customers, and with any economic empowerment going to the already prosperous. This thesis examines these issues by looking at the privatisation of hospitals in South Africa, with a case study of the Netcare-Settlers Public Private Partnership (PPP) (also known as the Settlers Private Hospital) in Grahamstown, South Africa. Netcare is South Africa’s largest private hospital company, and also has substantial operations in the United Kingdom. The thesis sets out the context: a highly inequitable healthcare system in the country, the rise of privatisation in the apartheid and post-apartheid eras, and healthcare privatisation. In terms of the Netcare-Settlers PPP, the thesis examines how the PPP was structured and developed, focusing on the impact of the PPP on non-clinical operations. The thesis argues that the results of the PPP are mixed, that it has greatly improved areas like facilities, maintenance, cleaning and catering, performed less well in increasing the doctor/ patient ratio or in attracting specialists, and is associated with the widespread and problematic use of outsourcing of service workers like cleaners and security. Overall, the PPP has improved healthcare, with some effective sharing of resources between the public and private parts of the hospital, but also relies on a pool of relatively low waged, under-unionised, labour. In terms of the general debate over privatisation, the Netcare-Settlers PPP shows that both supporters and critics have some valid points, and that privatisation in practice is not an either/ or, black/ white, good/ bad proposition, but something more complex. The success and failure of PPPs depend on the details of the contracts, and these can be used to maximise the performance of both the public and private partners. Better contracts may help avoid the uneven results seen at institutions like the Netcare-Settlers PPP.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Evaluation of incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex associated with soil, hayfeed and water in three agricultural facilities in Amathole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

  • Authors: Ntloko, Athini
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Drug resistance in microorganisms Mycobacterial diseases
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2689 , vital:27993
  • Description: Mycobacterium bovis and other species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) can result to a zoonotic infection known as Bovine tuberculosis (bTB). MTBC has members that may contaminate an extensive range of hosts, including wildlife. Diverse wild species are known to cause disease in domestic livestock and are acknowledged as TB reservoirs. It has been a main study worldwide to deliberate on bTB risk factors as a result some studies focused on particular parts of risk factors such as wildlife and herd management. The objectives of this study were to design questionnaires from commercial farms and smallholding farms; isolate and identify MTBC from collected samples using culture and PCR assays recovered from Fort Hare, Middledrift and Seven star dairy farms; and assessing genotypic drug resistance through detection of mutations conferring resistance to INH and RMP associated with first line treatment for MTBC infection. Questionnaires were administered to thirty (30) smallholding farm owners in the two villages (kwaMasele and Qungqwala) and three (3) three commercial farms (Fort Hare dairy farm, Middledrift dairy farm and Seven-star dairy farm). Detection of M. tuberculosis complex was achieved by Polymerase Chain Reaction using primers for IS6110; whereas a genotypic drug resistance mutation was detected using Genotype MTBDRplus assays. Nine percent (9 percent) of respondents had more than 40 cows in their herd, while 60 percent reported between 10 and 20 cows in their herd. Relationship between farm size and vaccination for TB differed from forty-one percent (41 percent) being the highest to the least five percent (5 percent). The highest number of respondents who knew about relationship between TB cases and cattle location was ninety-one percent (91 percent). Approximately fifty-one percent (51 percent) of respondents had knowledge about wild life access to the farms. Relationship between import of cattle and farm size ranged from nine percent (9 percent) to thirty-five percent (35 percent). Cattle sickness in relation to farm size differed from forty-three (43 percent) being the highest to the least three percent (3 percent); while thirty-three percent (33 percent) of respondents had knowledge about health management. Respondents with knowledge about the occurrence of TB infections in farms were forty-eight percent (48 percent). The frequency of DNA isolation from samples ranged from the highest forty-five percent (45 percent) from water to the least twenty-two percent (22 percent) from soil. Fort Hare dairy farm had the highest number of positive samples forty-four percent (44 percent) from water samples; whereas Middledrift dairy farm had the lowest positive from water, seventeen percent (17 percent). Twelve (22 percent) out of 55 isolates showed resistance to INH and RMP that is, multi-drug resistance (MDR) and nine percent (9 percent) were sensitive to either INH or RMP. The mutations at rpoB gene differed from 58 percent being the highest to the least (23 percent). Fifty-seven percent (57 percent) of samples showed a S315T1 mutation while only 14 percent possessed a S531L in the katG gene. The highest inhA mutations were detected in T8A (80 percent) eighty percent and the least was observed in A16G (17 percent). The results of this study reveals that risk factors for bTB in cattle and dairy farm workers is a serious issue abound in the Eastern Cape of South Africa; with the possibility of widespread dissemination of multidrug resistant determinants in MTBC from the environment.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Evaluation of incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex associated with soil, hayfeed and water in three Agricultural facilities in Amathole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

  • Authors: Ntloko, Athini
  • Date: 2015
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Microbiology)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/756 , vital:26494
  • Description: Mycobacterium bovis and other species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) can result to a zoonotic infection known as Bovine tuberculosis (bTB). MTBC has members that may contaminate an extensive range of hosts, including wildlife. Diverse wild species are known to cause disease in domestic livestock and are acknowledged as TB reservoirs. It has been a main study worldwide to deliberate on bTB risk factors as a result some studies focused on particular parts of risk factors such as wildlife and herd management. The objectives of this study were to design questionnaires from commercial farms and smallholding farms; isolate and identify MTBC from collected samples using culture and PCR assays recovered from Fort Hare, Middledrift and Seven star dairy farms; and assessing genotypic drug resistance through detection of mutations conferring resistance to INH and RMP associated with first line treatment for MTBC infection. Questionnaires were administered to thirty (30) smallholding farm owners in the two villages (kwaMasele and Qungqwala) and three (3) three commercial farms ( Fort Hare dairy farm, Middledrift dairy farm and Seven star dairy farm). Detection of M. tuberculosis complex was achieved by Polymerase Chain Reaction using primers for IS6110; whereas a genotypic drug resistance mutation was detected using Genotype MTBDRplus assays. Nine percent (9%) of respondents had more than 40 cows in their herd, while 60% reported between 10 and 20 cows in their herd. Relationship between farm size and vaccination for TB differed from forty one percent (41%) being the highest to the least five percent (5%). The highest number of respondents who knew about relationship between TB cases and cattle location was ninety one percent (91%). Approximately fifty one percent (51%) of respondents had knowledge about wild life access to the farms. Relationship between import of cattle and farm size ranged from nine percent (9%) to thirty five percent (35%). Cattle sickness in relation to farm size differed from forty three (43%) being the highest to the least three percent (3%); while thirty three percent (33%) of respondents had knowledge about health management. Respondents with knowledge about the occurrence of TB infections in farms were forty eight percent (48%). The frequency of DNA isolation from samples ranged from the highest forty five percent (45%) from water to the least twenty two percent (22%) from soil. Fort Hare dairy farm had the highest number of positive samples forty four percent (44%) from water samples; whereas Middledrift dairy farm had the lowest positive from water, seventeen percent (17%). Twelve (22%) out of 55 isolates showed resistance to INH and RMP that is, multi-drug resistance (MDR) and nine percent (9%) were sensitive to either INH or RMP. The mutations at rpoB gene differed from 58% being the highest to the least (23%). Fifty seven percent (57%) of samples showed a S315T1 mutation while only 14% possessed a S531L in the katG gene. The highest inhA mutations were detected in T8A (80%) eighty percent and the least was observed in A16G (17%). The results of this study reveals that risk factors for bTB in cattle and dairy farm workers is a serious issue abound in the Eastern Cape of South Africa; with the possibility of widespread dissemination of multidrug resistant determinants in MTBC from the environment.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Evaluation of microinsurance distribution strategy at the bottom of the pyramid by Liberty Life Swaziland

  • Authors: Lukhele, Mlungisi Reginald
  • Date: 2015
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MBA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54474 , vital:26568
  • Description: This is a qualitative study which focuses on how Liberty Life Swaziland distributes microinsurance to the bottom of the pyramid within Swaziland. Using stratified purposive sampling, this study identified 5 managers within Liberty Life and 4 managers from brokerages and affinity partners who had a minimum of 3 years’ experience in distribution of microinsurance. Semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted by the researcher with these managers. Interviews were stopped when there was data saturation. To induce emerging themes from the data, open-coding and constant comparison technique was used. Findings in this study reveal that to distribute microinsurance to low income households, Liberty Life objectives are to; (1) provide relevant solutions in a cost effective manner, thus keeping premiums as affordable as possible, (2) provide simple products which are easy to understand by customers, (3) make services accessible, and (4) make doing business easy. In this regard, Liberty Life distribution strategy is to partner with bulk retailing entities that have a client base they already service and benefit from nationwide presence and infrastructure. Lastly, the perspectives of both internal and external stakeholders in microinsurance are discussed to evaluate the challenges and successes experienced in implementing the distribution strategy. This study is valuable to critically understand the current distribution strategy from the viewpoint of key intermediaries, but also pinpoint how efforts to achieve microinsurance distribution objectives can be enhanced. Lastly, the study recommends that; a selection criteria be set for distribution partners, partnership with mobile network operators, investment in continuous training of distribution partners and knowledge sharing between Liberty and intermediaries to cease the opportunity at the bottom of the pyramid.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Expanding access to essential medicines through the right to health: a case study of South Africa

  • Authors: Motamakore, Shelton Tapiwa
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: Right to health -- South Africa Medical care -- Law and legislation -- South Africa AIDS (Disease) -- Government policy -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5620 , vital:29352
  • Description: Lack of access to essential medicines has proven to be a persisting problem which is in conflict with the goal of realising the right to health envisaged by the South African constitution and international human rights instruments. With more than twenty years of democracy, South Africa is still plaguing with a multiplicity of pandemics such as HIV and AIDS, cancer, malaria, tuberculosis, among others, leading to premature death and untold suffering of the people. According to a 2015 United Nations AIDS (UNAIDS) Gap report, South Africa is still regarded as the epicentre of HIV and other infectious diseases. The 2015 UNAIDS Gap report states that South Africa has more women than men living with HIV and AIDS. The report further indicates that the impact of this pandemic is worsened by the inaccessibility of essential medicines that are vital for life saving. This dissertation posits that the epidemiological health crisis described above can be largely eradicated through the utilisation of the right to health. The right to health, according to this dissertation, contains a legal and transformative power which can be utilised to limit the negative impact of patent laws on access to essential medicines in South Africa. This dissertation validates the long held view that World Trade Organisation (WTO) intellectual property laws have contributed to the inaccessibility of essential medicines through causing patent ever greening, patent linkages and pharmaceutical company’s monopolies. Consequently, many marginalised groups in South Africa lack access to essential medicines owing to the higher prices charged for such medicines thus violating the right to health, life and other fundamental human rights. The right to health which is the immediate right infringed when there is lack of access to essential medicines form the core theme of this dissertation. This dissertation argues that access to essential medicine is a fundamental part of the right to health protected under international and national human rights instruments. This dissertation further argue that the right to health imposes obligations which requires South African government to take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources, to provide access to essential medicines. The dissertation‘s key contribution is its proposed solutions on how to ensure that patents rules in South Africa are tamed with obligations consistent with the right to health. If properly implemented, these solutions have the potential to give greater specification to the normative commitments imposed by the right to health in the patent claims scenarios.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Experiences of first year NMMU students from previously disadvantaged communities regarding academic resilience in high school education

  • Authors: Hokonya, Nozipho Rungano Emma-Jean
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: Resilience (Personality trait) -- South Africa , Motivation in education , Academic achievement -- South Africa , College students -- South Africa -- Attitudes , Self-perception in children
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4067 , vital:20509
  • Description: The current landscape of South Africa’s education system is one riddled with many challenges. Young people studying in this unfavourable climate have become disillusioned by the failing system and this has resulted in negative attitudes towards schooling. A shortage of teaching personnel and a lack of resources further exacerbate the situation. In recent years however, it has been found that a significant number of young people seem to have “beaten the odds”, in spite of these unfavourable conditions as they have seen themselves being granted entry into tertiary institutions. The dearth of information on academic resilience and the increased number of “educational success stories” led the researcher to embark on this qualitative study. The aim of this exploratory, descriptive and contextual research study was: to enhance understanding of the academic resilience and subsequent academic success at school, as experienced by first year NMMU students from disadvantaged communities, by exploring their constructions of academic resilience. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory as well as Resilience Theory was used to examine the phenomenon of academic resilience. Purposive sampling techniques was utilised to draw participants within the NMMU’s School of Behavioural Sciences and data was collected by means of narrative accounts by participants. The two phases of narrative analysis were applied to analyse the data collected and Guba’s model for trustworthiness was used to verify the data. The findings of the study indicated that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the fostering of resilience.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Experiences of HIV positive clients defaulting isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in King Williams Town area under the Buffalo City Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province

  • Authors: Williams, Nelisa Colleen
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Community Nursing Science)
  • Identifier: vital:11923 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1020177 , AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Description: This qualitative study using a phenomenological design, aimed at exploring and describing and exploring the experiences of HIV positive clients defaulting Isoniazid Preventive Therapy services in the Bhisho Primary Health Care Services. The emphasis was on the factors leading clients to default. An in- depth unstructured face to face interviews were done on 14 participants from 4 clinics or facilities under Bhisho Primary Health Care Services. From the respondents’ responses it can be noted that work and family related issues, ignorance of patients, side effects, and negligence of nurses and denial of HIV status were identified as reasons for defaulting. Having knowledge about the treatment and health providers’ attitudes to patients also played a role in patients defaulting their treatment.Many suggestions were then put forward by the respondents to curb defaulting among patients. These included the use of text message reminders, not to discrimination HIV patients because of their status, to use consulting rooms for privacy and also nurses and caregivers to control their attitudes when dealing with patients.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Experiences of incarcerated women who have committed intimate partner homicide

  • Authors: Coombs-Brown, Chanelle
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: Incarcerated women Female offenders Women--Violence against
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , Psychology
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17406 , vital:40965
  • Description: This qualitative study explores the experiences of incarcerated women who have perpetrated intimate partner homicide (IPH) and had been exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) in their relationships. The study further explores women’s experiences of IPV, in particular those which motivated them to perpetrate IPH. The study examines how factors associated with IPV affect women to the point of responding with such lethal IPH. Additionally, it explores whether or not women feel remorse for their actions of IPH. The current study falls within an interpretive research paradigm and employs interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) as its theoretical framework. The researcher selected IPA as it works well in understanding and describing participants’ experiences. Semi-structured face to face interviews were conducted with nine women incarcerated for IPH. The findings of the study were analysed using the IPA approach. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: mainly all women reported to have experienced IPV in their respective relationships with the deceased, all, except one woman, reported that their partners had committed infidelity, the women also reported to have experienced much disappointment in gaining assistance from the judicial system. Therefore, on-going IPV including death threats resulted in fear; infidelity resulted in tremendous emotional and psychological strain, as well as feelings of betrayal; and perceived lack of support from the judicial system all appeared to have motivated women to perpetrate IPH with the majority indicating remorse.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Experiences of labouring women of unexpected neonatal resuscitation

  • Authors: Senti, Nomphiwe Priscilla
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: Neonatal nursing Newborn infants -- Patients -- Hospital care , Pediatric nursing Neonatology
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18486 , vital:28650
  • Description: Experiences of women regarding unexpected neonatal resuscitation were studied in this research. The objective of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of labouring women whose babies required unexpected resuscitation at birth. Recommendations were made based on the findings of the study. Labour and birth do not always go as well as expected as deviations could happen at any of the four stages of labour. Midwives tend to focus on the neonate when resuscitation is needed and leave the mother unattended and wondering what is happening as they rush away with the neonate. The situation motivated the researcher to conduct the study. The focus was on the experience of during the time of resuscitation. The study is qualitative, and exploratory, descriptive, contextual and narrative research approaches were used to reach the objective. The research population included women who delivered in the identified site from six hours to six weeks post delivery period. Inclusion criteria were the following: Women must have attended antenatal care at least four times. Their pregnancies were categorized as low risk. The ages of the women were 18-35 years. Gestational age was 38-41 weeks. The neonate should have been resuscitated successfully and admitted for observation in the nursery. Non-probability, purposive sampling was used. Data was collected by conducting semi-structured one-on-one interviews using a tape recorder. The site for the study was a public hospital, and the managers and operational midwives were used as gatekeepers. Fifteen participants gave permission to participate in the study willingly and were interviewed individually and anonymously. The interviews were transcribed, and Creswell’s data analysis spiral image was used. The period for data collection was seven months in one academic year. An independent coder’s services were utilized to increase the trustworthiness of the findings. The trustworthiness of the study was also ensured by conforming to Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness. Strategies used to ensure trustworthiness were credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability. The researcher maintained the ethical standards for conducting research by adhering to ethical principles, such as human rights, beneficence and justice. Confidentiality was maintained by using numbers instead of names, and only the researcher knows the participants’ names. Only the researcher, supervisor and the independent coder have access to the information. The data is kept in a locked cabinet and will be kept for the next five years following the publication of results. Two main themes emerged from the data analysis with each having two sub-themes Mothers verbalized varying emotions regarding their neonates’ inability to breathe properly. Mothers verbalized the importance of receiving support and information from midwives. To optimise the discussion of research findings, direct quotes were used from the raw data of interviews to support the description of experiences. Recommendations for midwives were to prepare the pregnant women during antenatal care for unexpected emergencies during labour and to reinforce this information on admission when labour commences. Managers are to update the guidelines on maternity care and the health education checklist. Nursing schools should train student midwives in debriefing and counselling skills. Both study objectives were successfully met.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Experiences of mothers relating to live premature birth and the premature infant at a private hospital in the Eastern Cape

  • Authors: Martin, Samantha Rochelle , Rall, Nadine
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: Premature infants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Premature labor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11482 , vital:26931
  • Description: Premature births, which are among the leading causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity in South Africa, often result not only in adverse effects on the infant due to the poorly developed organs and systems, but also affect the mother. Much literature exists about the causes of premature birth, clinical manifestations and management of premature infants; but healthcare practitioners, researchers and authors have not reported much on the mothers’ thoughts and feelings while going through the experience of premature labour and birth. This study deals with the experiences of mothers relating to live premature birth and the premature infant at a private hospital in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, an urban area within the Eastern Cape Province. The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the experiences of mothers relating to live premature birth and the premature infant at a private hospital in the Eastern Cape Province and to make recommendations based on the research findings which could be utilised by midwives when caring for mothers who had experienced a premature birth. This study, which is qualitative in nature, utilised an explorative, descriptive and contextual design. The population of the study was mothers between the ages of 18 and 38 years who had had a premature birth and were of a gestational age ranging from 28 to 34 weeks. Data collection took place at a private hospital in the Eastern Cape Province over a period of five months. A private room that was designated for the data collection and was not far from the unit where the neonate was kept, proved to be suitable for data-collection purposes. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted and recorded with an audio digital taperecorder, with a purposefully selected sample of 12 mothers including the pilot study. Data analysis followed formally after data saturation and the data collected was transcribed verbatim and analysed as recommended by Tesch, namely, data coding. An independent coder was used to verify and finalise the results. Two main themes with three sub-themes each and several categories emerged from the data analysis. The two main themes were that: 1. participants had experienced premature birth as an unexpected and traumatic occurrence; and 2. participants had experienced positive support as a coping mechanism throughout the premature birth. Direct quotations were used from the raw data collected to support the description of experiences and findings of this study. Trustworthiness of the study was maintained by using the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice were used to ensure that the research was conducted in an ethical manner. A summary of the study including limitations, recommendations and conclusions was provided.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Experiences of professional nurses regarding clinical placement exposure during their compulsory community service at state hospitals in Nelson Mandela Bay

  • Authors: Mshweshwe, Nonkululeko Mica
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: Nurses -- In-service training -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Community health services -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Nursing -- Practice -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
  • Identifier: vital:10069 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021074
  • Description: The nursing student who has undergone the four year diploma or degree training as a nurse also has to undergo compulsory community service as a requirement before she/he can be registered as a qualified professional nurse. While it has been compulsory for other health professionals such as doctors, dieticians or dentists to place students in compulsory community service, it has only been compulsory for nursing students since 2008. This means that the practice is relatively new in nursing and it is not clear how the newly qualified professional nurse experiences compulsory community service (CCS). The overall goal of this study is to determine the experiences of professional nurses placed at the state hospitals in Nelson Mandela Bay regarding compulsory community service clinical placement exposure and to use these descriptions to develop guidelines. The study followed a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, contextual design. Literature was reviewed in order to identify research that was done previously regarding compulsory community service amongst health care professionals. The research population included professional nurses who underwent compulsory community service in the three state hospitals in the Nelson Mandela Bay. Purposive sampling was utilised to identify the participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect information and field notes were kept. The interviews were transcribed and Tech’s (1990) in Creswell, 2009:186) eight steps of data analysis were followed to create meaning from the data collected. An independent coder assisted with the coding process to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings. The researcher ensured the validity of the study by conforming to Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness which consists of the following four constructs, namely credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability (Lincoln & Guba, 1999, as cited in Schurink, Fouche & de Vos, 2011:419- 421). Three themes and sub themes were identified. Literature control was done to compare the findings with existing research results. The researcher ensured that the study was conducted in an ethical manner by adhering to ethical principles such as beneficence, justice and fidelity. All the participants in the study felt that the clinical placement exposure was a worthwhile experience. The participants expressed a feeling of gratitude that they were afforded this opportunity of practicing under the guidance of experienced professional nurses. To them it was an opportunity to master whatever they were taught as student nurses so that by the time they practice as independent practitioners they would be confident and knowledgeable. The CCS nurses indicated that orientation and mentorship were not always of good quality and professional nurses were not always available as in some units professional nurses were not readily accessible. The CCS nurses were left alone and isolated with no one to consult. If proper orientation and mentorship had been in place the CCS nurses would have enjoyed the community service year more and they felt that they would have benefited more. Had there been a mentoring system in place it could have gone a long way to ascertain that the participants gained confidence and were able to perform tasks independently and confidently. The participants overwhelmingly indicated that unit management should have been included in their CCS year placement. During the CCS year the CCS nurses were not exposed to unit management. This was seen by CCS nurses as a missed opportunity. Had they been afforded the opportunity to practice unit management under the supervision of unit nursing managers, professional growth and development in unit management could have been facilitated. That they were not afforded that opportunity deprived them of a valuable skill as well as personal and professional growth. In conclusion guidelines for placement of CCS nurses in the Nelson Mandela State hospitals have been formulated for implementation. Recommendations were made to enhance nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research.
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Experiences of women recently diagnosed with HIV

  • Authors: Jurie, Khuselwa
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: HIV-positive women -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Stigma (Social psychology) , HIV (Viruses) -- Diagnosis , AIDS (Disease) in women -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:3259 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017882
  • Description: The focus of this study is on the experiences of a small sample of local women who have been recently diagnosed with HIV. The aim of the research was to give these women an opportunity to express their first-hand, personal accounts of living with HIV. Five isiXhosa-speaking women were recruited and interviewed. These accounts were collected and analysed within in the methodological framework of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, a qualitative approach that is becoming increasingly popular in the broad fields of health and clinical psychology. Data was analysed for meaningful units, which were interpreted inductively and hermeneutically, and categorised into super-ordinate themes. Five themes within the participants’ experiences of living with HIV were identified: (1) experiences of diagnosis, (2) experiences of stigma, (3) social support, (4) coping strategies, and (5) HIV as one of many assaults to self. Implicated in these experiences are the ways in which these women have appraised themselves and their situation after an HIV-positive diagnosis, appraisals that are shaped by HIV-related stigma. A variety of negative emotional reactions are common following the diagnosis, often compounded by the direct experiences of HIV-related stigma. Women in the study adopted different kinds of coping strategies based on the resources and social support available to them. Also significant is that for these women who had typically endured a variety of traumatic life events, a positive diagnosis was simply one of many life challenges
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  • Date Issued: 2015

Exploitation of non-living marine resources within national jurisdiction in East Africa

  • Authors: Ntola, Yamkela Siqhamo
  • Date: 2015
  • Subjects: Economic zones (Law of the sea) Territorial waters
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10253 , vital:26646
  • Description: This dissertation involves an analysis and discussion of the legal regime governing the exploitation of non-living marine resources within national jurisdiction in East Africa. This is in light of the relatively recent offshore oil and gas discoveries off the coasts of Mozambique and Tanzania which have resulted in offshore exploration activities along the Western Indian Ocean (including the Red Sea) in pursuit of these hydrocarbons. Before delving into legal analysis and discussion, the dissertation departs by providing background on the 1982 United Nations Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC)2 which is the international legal regime governing maritime spaces and the contributions made by, inter alia, East African coastal States to bring it about. From here, the dissertation ventures into an analysis and discussion of the legal zones claimed by East African coastal States within which exploitation activities may occur. This part of the discussion involves, among other things, an in depth analysis of the practices of East African coastal States as far as establishing maritime zones in terms of international law. The dissertation then proceeds to discuss which East African coastal States have delimited their maritime zones where they overlap with neighbouring States with adjacent and/or opposite coasts. The discussion highlights which States, in terms of international law, have clearly defined the ambit of their maritime jurisdiction by establishing a delimitation boundary where claims to maritime zones overlapped. This part of the dissertation also discusses which States have not delimited their overlapping maritime zones and the reasons for the lack of delimitation. Following this, the dissertation moves on to discuss the LOSC provisions applicable to exploiting non-living resources, and analyse whether the laws of East African coastal States that pertain to exploiting these resources adequately give effect to LOSC. Finally, in light of the above analysis and discussions, the dissertation moves on to establish if whether or not the legal infrastructure of East African coastal States is adequate for exploiting non-living resources within their national jurisdiction. Generally, the findings reflect favourably on the legal framework of East African coastal States. However, the pressing issue is the practices of some States in respect of claiming certain maritime zones and where necessary, not delimiting these zones. This results in uncertainty as to the maritime jurisdiction of a coastal State, especially with resources such as oil and gas which may straddle across boundaries. Moreover, it creates conflict and as such, threatens peace and security in the region as well as stunt economic and socio-economic development. As such, this dissertation, on the one hand, reflects the advancement of East African coastal States from contributing towards the adoption and coming into effect of LOSC, as well as giving effect to it domestically as far as exploiting non-living resources within national jurisdiction is concerned. On the other hand, it highlights the work that lays ahead for East African coastal States in order for them to fully enjoy their right.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2015
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