Exploring the experience of clients on fixed-dose combination antiretroviral drugs at Ngangelizwe Community Health Centre, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Macozoma, Wanda
- Date: 2024-07
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12963 , vital:76182
- Description: Fixed dose combination antiretroviral drugs are multiple retroviral drugs combined into a single pill, commenced in South Africa on 01 April 2013 after it was announced by the Minister of Health. The main reason for this change of treatment was to reduce pill burden and make the lives of people living with HIV and who are on ARVs simpler and easier. The purpose of this study was to describe experiences of clients on fixed dose combination antiretroviral drug at Ngangelizwe Community Health Centre, Eastern Cape. The study used a qualitative research approach and descriptive phenomenology as a research design. The target population for this study were clients initiated on a fixed dose combination antiretroviral drug. Purposive sampling was done and semi-structured individual interviews conducted to collect data, audiotape was used and field notes taken. Data saturation was reached after interviewing 12 participants. Data analysis was done guided by Tesch’s 8 steps of the coding process. Ethical principles were adhered to and informed consent obtained from participants. Findings revealed that there were physical, psychological and social experiences, from the period of first diagnosis, disclosure and medication compliance. It is recommended that health education campaigns be intensified since there is still stigmatization of HIV/AIDS that affects compliance. Also, there is need for continuing education and training for healthcare providers to encourage a supportive attitude towards clients. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-07
- Authors: Macozoma, Wanda
- Date: 2024-07
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12963 , vital:76182
- Description: Fixed dose combination antiretroviral drugs are multiple retroviral drugs combined into a single pill, commenced in South Africa on 01 April 2013 after it was announced by the Minister of Health. The main reason for this change of treatment was to reduce pill burden and make the lives of people living with HIV and who are on ARVs simpler and easier. The purpose of this study was to describe experiences of clients on fixed dose combination antiretroviral drug at Ngangelizwe Community Health Centre, Eastern Cape. The study used a qualitative research approach and descriptive phenomenology as a research design. The target population for this study were clients initiated on a fixed dose combination antiretroviral drug. Purposive sampling was done and semi-structured individual interviews conducted to collect data, audiotape was used and field notes taken. Data saturation was reached after interviewing 12 participants. Data analysis was done guided by Tesch’s 8 steps of the coding process. Ethical principles were adhered to and informed consent obtained from participants. Findings revealed that there were physical, psychological and social experiences, from the period of first diagnosis, disclosure and medication compliance. It is recommended that health education campaigns be intensified since there is still stigmatization of HIV/AIDS that affects compliance. Also, there is need for continuing education and training for healthcare providers to encourage a supportive attitude towards clients. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-07
Exclusive breastfeeding up to six months in very and extremly low birth weight infants and determinants of breastfeeding practices at the Frere Hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Haughton, Anna-Marie
- Date: 2024-03
- Subjects: Brestfeeding Practices
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/11065 , vital:75881
- Description: INTRODUCTION: Breastmilk provides adequate nutrition for the optimal growth and development of infants globally. Breastfeeding is an incomparable practice that cannot sufficiently be replaced by any other substance. Breastmilk and breastfeeding offer numerous medical and non-medical advantages that influence the welfare not only of infants, but also of women, their families and society. The last few decades have shown a worldwide increase in the birth and survival rate of preterm, very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. These infants have an increased risk of adverse outcomes, thus necessitating optimal management including best feeding practices of this vulnerable population. AIM: This study assessed the exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rate in VLBW and ELBW infants at their corrected six months of age and aimed to identify reasons for premature cessation of EBF as well as appraising the association between maternal socio-demographic variables and breastfeeding practices. This study also investigated the type, volume and preparation of replacement feeds given to infants that were not EBF. iii METHOD: This retrospective, cross sectional descriptive study was conducted between December 2017 to November 2018 at Frere Hospital in the Eastern Cape. A comprehensive database was compiled with all the infants’ demographics and relevant maternal socio-demographic variables at birth. Information on the changeover of primary caregiver, feeding practices, reasons stated for premature discontinuation of EBF, and the infant’s anthropometry were documented at each follow up visit and included in the database. RESULTS: The prevalence of EBF at the corrected six month follow up was 22%. Insufficient breastmilk supply (23%, 43% and 13% at one, three and six months respectively) and maternal commitments to school or work (35%, 33% and 50% at one, three and six months respectively) were the predominant reasons stated by mothers for discontinuation of EBF. The number of other children a mother had was significantly related to EBF practices at months one and six (p = .029 and .025, respectively), and EBF was also significantly related to the level of maternal education at month three (p = .006). The percentage of mothers who breastfed exclusively was proportional to the number of other children they had, and inversely proportional to the level of their education. The volume of replacement feeds was known to be incorrect in over a third of cases at months one and three (35% and 34%, respectively), and in almost half of cases at month six (48%). Replacement feeds were being prepared most incorrectly at the three month follow up with almost half (46%) of these feeds being prepared iv inaccurately. These replacement feeds comprised of exclusive formula feeds (EFF) for 95% of cases that were not EBF at month one, 88% at month three, and 97% at month six. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of EBF in VLBW and ELBW infants at six months in this study remains sub-optimal compared with other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and is much lower than the target set by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Factors that affected EBF practices in this study include mother’s perception of insufficient breastmilk supply, maternal commitments to work/school, the number of other children in the household as well as the level of maternal education. A combination of various interventions is urgently needed to effectively increase EBF rates in this population. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-03
- Authors: Haughton, Anna-Marie
- Date: 2024-03
- Subjects: Brestfeeding Practices
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/11065 , vital:75881
- Description: INTRODUCTION: Breastmilk provides adequate nutrition for the optimal growth and development of infants globally. Breastfeeding is an incomparable practice that cannot sufficiently be replaced by any other substance. Breastmilk and breastfeeding offer numerous medical and non-medical advantages that influence the welfare not only of infants, but also of women, their families and society. The last few decades have shown a worldwide increase in the birth and survival rate of preterm, very low birth weight (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. These infants have an increased risk of adverse outcomes, thus necessitating optimal management including best feeding practices of this vulnerable population. AIM: This study assessed the exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rate in VLBW and ELBW infants at their corrected six months of age and aimed to identify reasons for premature cessation of EBF as well as appraising the association between maternal socio-demographic variables and breastfeeding practices. This study also investigated the type, volume and preparation of replacement feeds given to infants that were not EBF. iii METHOD: This retrospective, cross sectional descriptive study was conducted between December 2017 to November 2018 at Frere Hospital in the Eastern Cape. A comprehensive database was compiled with all the infants’ demographics and relevant maternal socio-demographic variables at birth. Information on the changeover of primary caregiver, feeding practices, reasons stated for premature discontinuation of EBF, and the infant’s anthropometry were documented at each follow up visit and included in the database. RESULTS: The prevalence of EBF at the corrected six month follow up was 22%. Insufficient breastmilk supply (23%, 43% and 13% at one, three and six months respectively) and maternal commitments to school or work (35%, 33% and 50% at one, three and six months respectively) were the predominant reasons stated by mothers for discontinuation of EBF. The number of other children a mother had was significantly related to EBF practices at months one and six (p = .029 and .025, respectively), and EBF was also significantly related to the level of maternal education at month three (p = .006). The percentage of mothers who breastfed exclusively was proportional to the number of other children they had, and inversely proportional to the level of their education. The volume of replacement feeds was known to be incorrect in over a third of cases at months one and three (35% and 34%, respectively), and in almost half of cases at month six (48%). Replacement feeds were being prepared most incorrectly at the three month follow up with almost half (46%) of these feeds being prepared iv inaccurately. These replacement feeds comprised of exclusive formula feeds (EFF) for 95% of cases that were not EBF at month one, 88% at month three, and 97% at month six. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of EBF in VLBW and ELBW infants at six months in this study remains sub-optimal compared with other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and is much lower than the target set by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Factors that affected EBF practices in this study include mother’s perception of insufficient breastmilk supply, maternal commitments to work/school, the number of other children in the household as well as the level of maternal education. A combination of various interventions is urgently needed to effectively increase EBF rates in this population. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-03
Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards hand hygine practice amongst students at a nursing colledge, Lesotho
- Authors: Ntaote, Malehlohonolo
- Date: 2024-02
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13000 , vital:76187
- Description: Hands are critical vectors for microorganisms that cause hospital acquired infections, hand hygiene, being done the right way, at the right time and being given the right priority at health care setting is an effective strategy to reduce hospital acquired infections and costs. Different strategies have been put in place to help improve hand hygiene compliance among health care workers, amongst them; continuous training is advised at all levels of care. This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards hand hygiene in nursing students in Maluti College Berea Lesotho Methods This study was a quantitative cross-sectional study; 114 questionnaires were distributed and 103 were filled and returned by available willing students in Maluti College, that was 90% response rate. Results Females were more than males at 88% (91). Age range of the respondents were 18-35 years, with a mean of 22 years, 57% (59) were between ages 20-24 years. The students were distributed in four different class levels, lowest was third years at 19% (19) and highest was the nurse midwives at 32% (33). 75% (77) had hand hygiene training in the past three years. 62% (64) had moderate knowledge, all had positive attitudes and 61% (63) had a positive perception towards hand hygiene. There was a significant (p value=0.012) association between knowledge and training. Conclusion and recommendations The study has demonstrated a significant association between knowledge and training, indicating the pivotal role of education in shaping practices related to hand hygiene among healthcare workers. These findings underscore the importance of integrating insights garnered from this study into the existing teaching curriculum for healthcare 3 professionals. Furthermore, the results provide valuable input for enhancing the World Health Organization's (WHO) hand hygiene multimodal strategy, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions that address knowledge and training gaps. Additionally, the study findings advocate for incorporation of evidence-based practices into initiatives such as the SAFE LIFE Clean YOUR HAND campaign, thereby reinforcing the importance of continuous education and training to promote effective hand hygiene practices and mitigate the spread of healthcare-associated infections. This calls for a concerted effort from policymakers, healthcare institutions, and educational stakeholders to implement strategies that prioritize knowledge dissemination and training programs to improve hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers worldwide. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-02
- Authors: Ntaote, Malehlohonolo
- Date: 2024-02
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13000 , vital:76187
- Description: Hands are critical vectors for microorganisms that cause hospital acquired infections, hand hygiene, being done the right way, at the right time and being given the right priority at health care setting is an effective strategy to reduce hospital acquired infections and costs. Different strategies have been put in place to help improve hand hygiene compliance among health care workers, amongst them; continuous training is advised at all levels of care. This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards hand hygiene in nursing students in Maluti College Berea Lesotho Methods This study was a quantitative cross-sectional study; 114 questionnaires were distributed and 103 were filled and returned by available willing students in Maluti College, that was 90% response rate. Results Females were more than males at 88% (91). Age range of the respondents were 18-35 years, with a mean of 22 years, 57% (59) were between ages 20-24 years. The students were distributed in four different class levels, lowest was third years at 19% (19) and highest was the nurse midwives at 32% (33). 75% (77) had hand hygiene training in the past three years. 62% (64) had moderate knowledge, all had positive attitudes and 61% (63) had a positive perception towards hand hygiene. There was a significant (p value=0.012) association between knowledge and training. Conclusion and recommendations The study has demonstrated a significant association between knowledge and training, indicating the pivotal role of education in shaping practices related to hand hygiene among healthcare workers. These findings underscore the importance of integrating insights garnered from this study into the existing teaching curriculum for healthcare 3 professionals. Furthermore, the results provide valuable input for enhancing the World Health Organization's (WHO) hand hygiene multimodal strategy, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions that address knowledge and training gaps. Additionally, the study findings advocate for incorporation of evidence-based practices into initiatives such as the SAFE LIFE Clean YOUR HAND campaign, thereby reinforcing the importance of continuous education and training to promote effective hand hygiene practices and mitigate the spread of healthcare-associated infections. This calls for a concerted effort from policymakers, healthcare institutions, and educational stakeholders to implement strategies that prioritize knowledge dissemination and training programs to improve hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers worldwide. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-02
Factors influencing digital marketing adoption for female interpreneurs in small and medium enterprices of OR Thambo Municipality
- Authors: Maduna, Siyasanga
- Date: 2024-00
- Subjects: Digital Marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10065 , vital:74935
- Description: The rise of the Internet has transformed the business landscape, leading to the rapid growth of major online retailers and service providers like Amazon, Facebook, and Google, all of which play significant roles in the digital economy (Kannan, 2017). Global internet usage continues to grow, with South Africa not an exception. The research seeks to explore the factors influencing digital marketing adoption for female entrepreneurs on small and medium enterprise in OR Tambo municipality. This dissertation employs a quantitative research design. The study employs structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques to analyse a comprehensive dataset gathered from 313 female entrepreneurs. The findings reveal a nuanced relationship between adoption of digital marketing and business performance. The SEM results indicate that H4, have a positive influence on adoption of digital marketing, and H5, have a positive influence on business performance. The hypotheses H1; H2 and H3 had negative relationship on adoption on adoption of digital marketing hence they were rejection. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of factors that influence the adoption of digital marketing on enhancing business performance for SME’s. The dissertation contributes to inclusive economic development, policy implications; educational interventions; strategic business imperative and social impact. Beyond the economic aspects, the study contributes to social impact by challenging and potentially reshaping societal norms and expectations regarding women's roles in business. This research not only advances the theoretical understanding of the link between adoption of digital marketing and business performance but also provides valuable insights for designing effective marketing strategies to improve business performance on female entrepreneurs. The dissertation concludes with suggestions for future research directions to further refine an understanding of the intricate dynamics involved in the relationship between adoption of digital marketing and business performance. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Economics and Financial Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-00
- Authors: Maduna, Siyasanga
- Date: 2024-00
- Subjects: Digital Marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10065 , vital:74935
- Description: The rise of the Internet has transformed the business landscape, leading to the rapid growth of major online retailers and service providers like Amazon, Facebook, and Google, all of which play significant roles in the digital economy (Kannan, 2017). Global internet usage continues to grow, with South Africa not an exception. The research seeks to explore the factors influencing digital marketing adoption for female entrepreneurs on small and medium enterprise in OR Tambo municipality. This dissertation employs a quantitative research design. The study employs structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques to analyse a comprehensive dataset gathered from 313 female entrepreneurs. The findings reveal a nuanced relationship between adoption of digital marketing and business performance. The SEM results indicate that H4, have a positive influence on adoption of digital marketing, and H5, have a positive influence on business performance. The hypotheses H1; H2 and H3 had negative relationship on adoption on adoption of digital marketing hence they were rejection. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of factors that influence the adoption of digital marketing on enhancing business performance for SME’s. The dissertation contributes to inclusive economic development, policy implications; educational interventions; strategic business imperative and social impact. Beyond the economic aspects, the study contributes to social impact by challenging and potentially reshaping societal norms and expectations regarding women's roles in business. This research not only advances the theoretical understanding of the link between adoption of digital marketing and business performance but also provides valuable insights for designing effective marketing strategies to improve business performance on female entrepreneurs. The dissertation concludes with suggestions for future research directions to further refine an understanding of the intricate dynamics involved in the relationship between adoption of digital marketing and business performance. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Economics and Financial Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-00
Government expenditure on health services and economic development in South Africa
- Authors: Magida, Ngesisa
- Date: 2024-00
- Subjects: Government expenditure on health services
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10146 , vital:74943
- Description: Economic development relates to economic growth and improvements in the living standards of people. South Africa is ranked among the slow developing countries in the world, based on the high percentage of people living under poor conditions. This study examines the relationship between government health expenditure and economic development in South Africa between 1994 and 2022. Human development index (HDI), government health expenditure (GHE), inflation, population growth, and unemployment are the variables used to investigate this relationship. Auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) and Granger causality were employed to examine this relationship. Government expenditure on health services and inflation were found to have a positive short-run and long-run relationship with human development index, whereas unemployment and population growth showed a negative relationship with HDI in the long-run. Granger causality results highlighted a unidirectional causality between HDI and GHE in South Africa, among other explanatory variables. HDI Granger causes GHE and vice versa. Continuous increment and monitoring of GHE distribution, to ensure that the growing population receives proper healthcare to boost the life expectancy of the citizens and to fund the preventative measures against health epidemics in South Africa is the policy recommendation to improve HDI in South Africa. Keywords: , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Economics and Financial Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-00
- Authors: Magida, Ngesisa
- Date: 2024-00
- Subjects: Government expenditure on health services
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10146 , vital:74943
- Description: Economic development relates to economic growth and improvements in the living standards of people. South Africa is ranked among the slow developing countries in the world, based on the high percentage of people living under poor conditions. This study examines the relationship between government health expenditure and economic development in South Africa between 1994 and 2022. Human development index (HDI), government health expenditure (GHE), inflation, population growth, and unemployment are the variables used to investigate this relationship. Auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) and Granger causality were employed to examine this relationship. Government expenditure on health services and inflation were found to have a positive short-run and long-run relationship with human development index, whereas unemployment and population growth showed a negative relationship with HDI in the long-run. Granger causality results highlighted a unidirectional causality between HDI and GHE in South Africa, among other explanatory variables. HDI Granger causes GHE and vice versa. Continuous increment and monitoring of GHE distribution, to ensure that the growing population receives proper healthcare to boost the life expectancy of the citizens and to fund the preventative measures against health epidemics in South Africa is the policy recommendation to improve HDI in South Africa. Keywords: , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Economics and Financial Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-00
Household food security status and its determinantsin Mthata Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Nodo, Asive
- Date: 2024-00
- Subjects: Food Security
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10156 , vital:74945
- Description: Food security remains a critical issue worldwide, and South Africa is no exception. This national challenge is especially acute in the Eastern Cape Province, known as one of the poorest regions in the country. The highest rates of poverty are observed in the Eastern Cape Province, with the population largely dependent on social grants to secure their food needs. The primary objective of the study was to examine the household food security status and its determinants in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study was conducted in Tabase and Ncise in Mthatha. The purposive sampling technique was employed in the study and 336 data points were achieved. The study used the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), developed by the USAID-funded Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance II (FANTA), and leveraged Tobit regression analysis, particularly advantageous for handling censored dependent variables, to examine the determinants of food household food security. The results revealed that gender, age, crops and social grants have no statistical significant relationship with food insecurity. Education, employment status, income, livestock and dietary diversity have a statistical significant relationship with food insecurity. Results further revealed that 40.36% of households were food insecure while 4.22% were food secure, 7.83% were mildly food insecure and 40.36% were severely food insecure. The study recommends the formation of agricultural cooperatives with government support, prioritising education incentives, and strengthening existing food support initiatives. It emphasizes promoting savings clubs and subsidising nutrient-rich foods to enhance accessibility. These multifaceted recommendations aim to address household food security in Mthatha, providing a comprehensive framework for intervention and policy considerations. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Economics and Finacial Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-00
- Authors: Nodo, Asive
- Date: 2024-00
- Subjects: Food Security
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10156 , vital:74945
- Description: Food security remains a critical issue worldwide, and South Africa is no exception. This national challenge is especially acute in the Eastern Cape Province, known as one of the poorest regions in the country. The highest rates of poverty are observed in the Eastern Cape Province, with the population largely dependent on social grants to secure their food needs. The primary objective of the study was to examine the household food security status and its determinants in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study was conducted in Tabase and Ncise in Mthatha. The purposive sampling technique was employed in the study and 336 data points were achieved. The study used the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), developed by the USAID-funded Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance II (FANTA), and leveraged Tobit regression analysis, particularly advantageous for handling censored dependent variables, to examine the determinants of food household food security. The results revealed that gender, age, crops and social grants have no statistical significant relationship with food insecurity. Education, employment status, income, livestock and dietary diversity have a statistical significant relationship with food insecurity. Results further revealed that 40.36% of households were food insecure while 4.22% were food secure, 7.83% were mildly food insecure and 40.36% were severely food insecure. The study recommends the formation of agricultural cooperatives with government support, prioritising education incentives, and strengthening existing food support initiatives. It emphasizes promoting savings clubs and subsidising nutrient-rich foods to enhance accessibility. These multifaceted recommendations aim to address household food security in Mthatha, providing a comprehensive framework for intervention and policy considerations. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Economics and Finacial Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-00
Vertical price transmission of wheat in South Africa
- Authors: Swapi, Asemahle
- Date: 2024-00
- Subjects: Commerce
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/11040 , vital:75880
- Description: The ability of markets to communicate food price signals at different levels of marketing chains is critical to understanding the nature of the competition in the chain, and development of strategies to address challengers of information symmetry and food insecurity. This study examined vertical transmission of wheat price among the main value chain, looking at the pricing behaviour of certain role players in the wheat production/supply and distribution of bread which is a major staple food consumed in South Africa. A nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model (NARDL) model was used to analyse the yearly time series data for the period of 2000 to 2022. The results of the stationarity test showed that all variables were of order one, I(1). The study used two pairs, namely farmgate price and retail price and farmgate price and wholesale price, to examine the existence of asymmetry between these prices, with rainfall and temperature as control variables. The results indicate the existence of positive long-run asymmetry of 35,9% between farmgate price of wheat and retail price of bread, and 3,49% asymmetry between farmgate price and wholesale price of wheat. In order to develop informed policies on food security, this study suggests that the government should enhance regular access to data and sustain its monitoring and communication of food price information across the whole country. The other thing that is recommended by the study is the provision of subsidies for wheat farmers to help the wheat industry, reduce the cost of bread production, and make bread more affordable and accessible for consumers. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Economic and Financial Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-00
- Authors: Swapi, Asemahle
- Date: 2024-00
- Subjects: Commerce
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/11040 , vital:75880
- Description: The ability of markets to communicate food price signals at different levels of marketing chains is critical to understanding the nature of the competition in the chain, and development of strategies to address challengers of information symmetry and food insecurity. This study examined vertical transmission of wheat price among the main value chain, looking at the pricing behaviour of certain role players in the wheat production/supply and distribution of bread which is a major staple food consumed in South Africa. A nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model (NARDL) model was used to analyse the yearly time series data for the period of 2000 to 2022. The results of the stationarity test showed that all variables were of order one, I(1). The study used two pairs, namely farmgate price and retail price and farmgate price and wholesale price, to examine the existence of asymmetry between these prices, with rainfall and temperature as control variables. The results indicate the existence of positive long-run asymmetry of 35,9% between farmgate price of wheat and retail price of bread, and 3,49% asymmetry between farmgate price and wholesale price of wheat. In order to develop informed policies on food security, this study suggests that the government should enhance regular access to data and sustain its monitoring and communication of food price information across the whole country. The other thing that is recommended by the study is the provision of subsidies for wheat farmers to help the wheat industry, reduce the cost of bread production, and make bread more affordable and accessible for consumers. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Economic and Financial Sciences, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-00
Association of antiretroviral therapy adherence and Development of cardiovascular desease risk
- Authors: Fihla, Qhayiya Mteto
- Date: 2023-12
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12894 , vital:76176
- Description: IAntiretroviral therapy (ART) is the standard treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The treatment reduces HIV load to low level, relegating the disease from an acute infection to a chronic condition. Of late, there have been increased reports associating ART with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, further reducing the possibility of complete positive health outcomes for people living with HIV (PLWH). Poor adherence to the ART has been implicated in the development of some CVD risk factors but levels of adherence is not well known in the Eastern Cape. Thus, this study was designed to determine the level of ART adherence and associated cardiovascular risk factors. A cross-sectional study of a 100 participants was conducted to determine ART adherence and prevalence CVD risk factors in Mthatha. Both Male and female participants above 18 years of age were selected and ART adherence was determined using the adherence in chronic diseases scale (ACDS). The lipid profile, anthropometric measurements, and clinical parameters were used to determine CVD risk factors. Regression models were fitted to determine the association between adhrence and CVD risk factors in PLWH. All statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 28, and the statistical significance was set at The average adherence rate was found to be 90.35% population of PLWH sampled, and 30% participants were found to have the optimum adherence rate ≥95%, which considered be adequate to effect viral progression. The prevalence of CVD risk factors was found to be 97%, with 46% of the participants having CVD. Although it was not statistically significant, the regression analyses indicated that non-adherent patients were more likely to report presence of CVD risk factors. This suggests that sub-optimal adherence to ART may be a contributing factor towards CVD risk development in patients on ART. It is possible that the results are clinically significant but there is a need to collect more data to increase the statistical power of the study , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
- Authors: Fihla, Qhayiya Mteto
- Date: 2023-12
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12894 , vital:76176
- Description: IAntiretroviral therapy (ART) is the standard treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The treatment reduces HIV load to low level, relegating the disease from an acute infection to a chronic condition. Of late, there have been increased reports associating ART with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, further reducing the possibility of complete positive health outcomes for people living with HIV (PLWH). Poor adherence to the ART has been implicated in the development of some CVD risk factors but levels of adherence is not well known in the Eastern Cape. Thus, this study was designed to determine the level of ART adherence and associated cardiovascular risk factors. A cross-sectional study of a 100 participants was conducted to determine ART adherence and prevalence CVD risk factors in Mthatha. Both Male and female participants above 18 years of age were selected and ART adherence was determined using the adherence in chronic diseases scale (ACDS). The lipid profile, anthropometric measurements, and clinical parameters were used to determine CVD risk factors. Regression models were fitted to determine the association between adhrence and CVD risk factors in PLWH. All statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 28, and the statistical significance was set at The average adherence rate was found to be 90.35% population of PLWH sampled, and 30% participants were found to have the optimum adherence rate ≥95%, which considered be adequate to effect viral progression. The prevalence of CVD risk factors was found to be 97%, with 46% of the participants having CVD. Although it was not statistically significant, the regression analyses indicated that non-adherent patients were more likely to report presence of CVD risk factors. This suggests that sub-optimal adherence to ART may be a contributing factor towards CVD risk development in patients on ART. It is possible that the results are clinically significant but there is a need to collect more data to increase the statistical power of the study , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-12
COVID-19 in Psychiatric Inpatients: A South African Descriptive Study Conducted at Fort England
- Gwanya-Mdletye, Sisikelelwe Sylvia
- Authors: Gwanya-Mdletye, Sisikelelwe Sylvia
- Date: 2023-11
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12977 , vital:76184
- Description: Psychiatric patients are known to have an increased risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19. Some psychiatric medications are known to have cardiometabolic and immune system-related side effects and have been found to either protect from or worsen outcomes in COVID-19 illness. The interaction of COVID-19 with the cardiometabolic and immune-related aspects of psychiatric illness and treatment has not been sufficiently studied in people with mental illness. Aim: To describe the clinical and demographic characteristics, and clinical outcomes of adult inpatients at Fort England Psychiatric Hospital who contracted SARS-CoV-2 during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, including statistical and case analyses of COVID-19 related deaths. Methods: The study was conducted at Fort England Hospital (FEH). Data were obtained from patient files, treatment charts, and the hospital's COVID-19 reporting schedules. Sixty-four patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the first wave of infections in the hospital, and five of them died. A cross-sectional research design was adopted, in which the COVID-19 outcomes of the 64 patients were described alongside their psychiatric disease and treatment factors. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the participants. Fisher’s exact test for contingency tables and Cramér's V effect size were computed to identify possible associations between death and specified clinical variables. Additionally, case analyses were carried out on each patient who died based on participant case notes. Results: The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections was 21.8% during the first wave of infections, and the case fatality rate was 7.8%. A significant association was ii found between higher age and COVID-19 related death (Fisher’s exact test p = 0.010). Two-thirds (68%) of the patients who recovered were younger than 45, whereas one of the five patients who died (20%) fell in this age group. Race was also strongly related to COVID-19 outcomes, with coloured comprising 80% of the participants who died compared to 80% of black African patients in the recovered group (Fisher’s exact test p = 0.012). All patients who died had co-morbid medical conditions compared to 58% of those who recovered, although this relationship was weak (Fisher’s exact 1-sided test p = 0.076). However, case analyses for the patients who died revealed recurring themes of multiple psychiatric comorbidities, proneness to psychotropic treatment side effects, and a history of frequent relapses among most of these patients. All who died were faced with adversity and dire life circumstances. Conclusions: This study contributes to a better understanding of clinical, demographic and social variables that impacts COVID-19 outcomes in an in-patient psychiatric population. first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with serious mental illness in an inpatient population. More studies of a larger scale are needed to describe the COVID-19 pandemic among psychiatric populations and to investigate factors that contribute to the vulnerability of psychiatric patients to adverse outcomes of COVID-19. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-11
- Authors: Gwanya-Mdletye, Sisikelelwe Sylvia
- Date: 2023-11
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12977 , vital:76184
- Description: Psychiatric patients are known to have an increased risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19. Some psychiatric medications are known to have cardiometabolic and immune system-related side effects and have been found to either protect from or worsen outcomes in COVID-19 illness. The interaction of COVID-19 with the cardiometabolic and immune-related aspects of psychiatric illness and treatment has not been sufficiently studied in people with mental illness. Aim: To describe the clinical and demographic characteristics, and clinical outcomes of adult inpatients at Fort England Psychiatric Hospital who contracted SARS-CoV-2 during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, including statistical and case analyses of COVID-19 related deaths. Methods: The study was conducted at Fort England Hospital (FEH). Data were obtained from patient files, treatment charts, and the hospital's COVID-19 reporting schedules. Sixty-four patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the first wave of infections in the hospital, and five of them died. A cross-sectional research design was adopted, in which the COVID-19 outcomes of the 64 patients were described alongside their psychiatric disease and treatment factors. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the participants. Fisher’s exact test for contingency tables and Cramér's V effect size were computed to identify possible associations between death and specified clinical variables. Additionally, case analyses were carried out on each patient who died based on participant case notes. Results: The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections was 21.8% during the first wave of infections, and the case fatality rate was 7.8%. A significant association was ii found between higher age and COVID-19 related death (Fisher’s exact test p = 0.010). Two-thirds (68%) of the patients who recovered were younger than 45, whereas one of the five patients who died (20%) fell in this age group. Race was also strongly related to COVID-19 outcomes, with coloured comprising 80% of the participants who died compared to 80% of black African patients in the recovered group (Fisher’s exact test p = 0.012). All patients who died had co-morbid medical conditions compared to 58% of those who recovered, although this relationship was weak (Fisher’s exact 1-sided test p = 0.076). However, case analyses for the patients who died revealed recurring themes of multiple psychiatric comorbidities, proneness to psychotropic treatment side effects, and a history of frequent relapses among most of these patients. All who died were faced with adversity and dire life circumstances. Conclusions: This study contributes to a better understanding of clinical, demographic and social variables that impacts COVID-19 outcomes in an in-patient psychiatric population. first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with serious mental illness in an inpatient population. More studies of a larger scale are needed to describe the COVID-19 pandemic among psychiatric populations and to investigate factors that contribute to the vulnerability of psychiatric patients to adverse outcomes of COVID-19. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-11
A Comparative Analysis of PSA Trends of Conventional vs Hypo-fractionated External Beam Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Localised Prostate Cancer at Frere Hospital
- Authors: Mistry, Himal
- Date: 2023-10
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12906 , vital:76177
- Description: External beam radiotherapy with a moderate hypofractionated regimen has largely replaced conventional schedules. The change in regimen is based on the premise that prostate cancer, due to its low the alpha/beta ratio, demonstrates a higher sensitivity to a larger dose per fraction of radiation. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is a specific indicator of prostate cancer treatment outcomes. The serum PSA trend is an indication of treatment response and risk for relapse. The time to nadir and the value of the PSA nadir are important predictors of biochemical control or failure. The lower the PSA level, the more durable the probability of maintained biochemical disease free survival. This study focuses on the biochemical control of patients treated with two different fractionation regimens at Frere Hospital. Aim To illustrate that the use of a moderate hypofractionated regimen for the treatment of intermediate and high risk prostate cancer is non inferior to a conventional regimen. Methodology The study took place at the department of radiation oncology, Frere Hospital, East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The study population consisted of 26 patients treated with conventional fractionation (2.00Gy x 36 fractions) in 2018 and 36 patients treated with the newly adopted hypofractionated regimen (3.00Gy x 20 fractions) in 2019. A comparison is made of the post treatment PSA trend over a 24 month period. Impact of study The study is projected to support the change in fractionation regimens at an institutional level. 2 Results: 41.9% of patients were enrolled in the conventional regimen, 58.1% were enrolled in the moderately hypo-fractionated arm. The participants were classified into high risk and intermediate risk in the two treatment arms and these were distributed equally. There was a clear decline in the serum PSA values over the two-year follow-up period. All four groups showed a similar pattern in that from the baseline to the first quarter, there was a sharp decline in the serum PSA values and this was significant for all four groups , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10
- Authors: Mistry, Himal
- Date: 2023-10
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12906 , vital:76177
- Description: External beam radiotherapy with a moderate hypofractionated regimen has largely replaced conventional schedules. The change in regimen is based on the premise that prostate cancer, due to its low the alpha/beta ratio, demonstrates a higher sensitivity to a larger dose per fraction of radiation. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is a specific indicator of prostate cancer treatment outcomes. The serum PSA trend is an indication of treatment response and risk for relapse. The time to nadir and the value of the PSA nadir are important predictors of biochemical control or failure. The lower the PSA level, the more durable the probability of maintained biochemical disease free survival. This study focuses on the biochemical control of patients treated with two different fractionation regimens at Frere Hospital. Aim To illustrate that the use of a moderate hypofractionated regimen for the treatment of intermediate and high risk prostate cancer is non inferior to a conventional regimen. Methodology The study took place at the department of radiation oncology, Frere Hospital, East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The study population consisted of 26 patients treated with conventional fractionation (2.00Gy x 36 fractions) in 2018 and 36 patients treated with the newly adopted hypofractionated regimen (3.00Gy x 20 fractions) in 2019. A comparison is made of the post treatment PSA trend over a 24 month period. Impact of study The study is projected to support the change in fractionation regimens at an institutional level. 2 Results: 41.9% of patients were enrolled in the conventional regimen, 58.1% were enrolled in the moderately hypo-fractionated arm. The participants were classified into high risk and intermediate risk in the two treatment arms and these were distributed equally. There was a clear decline in the serum PSA values over the two-year follow-up period. All four groups showed a similar pattern in that from the baseline to the first quarter, there was a sharp decline in the serum PSA values and this was significant for all four groups , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10
A delphi study tp build consensus on the ultrasound skills required for effective healthcare service delivery at distict hospitals in South Africa
- Authors: Mans, Pierre Andre
- Date: 2023-07
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12923 , vital:76178
- Description: ABSTRACT Background: Despite increased access to ultrasound machines across the country, there are no guidelines on the required competency level in point of care ultrasound (POCUS) for medical doctors working in district hospitals in South Africa. Through a Delphi process involving nominated experts across the country, this study aimed to develop and achieve expert consensus on the POCUS skillsets required for medical doctors working at district hospitals in South Africa. Methods: A Delphi method of consensus development was performed, comprising several iterative rounds of skillset selection that continued until consensus was achieved on all items. We started this process using the existing American Academy of Family Physicians’ ultrasound curriculum (93 skillsets) as the starting point in the questionnaire. Experts were drawn from across the country; two from district hospitals in each province and two from each academic Family Medicine Department (N=36). In each iterative round, participants were asked to identify which POCUS skillsets were essential, optional (region specific) or non-essential for South African district hospitals. Results: Overall, five iterative rounds were required before consensus was attained on all skillsets (>70% agreement among the experts). In the first round, consensus was reached on 14 skillsets, followed by 21 skillsets in the second and third rounds. In the fourth round, consensus was reached on 26 skillsets, and in the fifth and final round, consensus was reached on the remaining eight skillsets. Of the starting 93 skillsets, three skillsets could not achieve consensus , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-07
- Authors: Mans, Pierre Andre
- Date: 2023-07
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/12923 , vital:76178
- Description: ABSTRACT Background: Despite increased access to ultrasound machines across the country, there are no guidelines on the required competency level in point of care ultrasound (POCUS) for medical doctors working in district hospitals in South Africa. Through a Delphi process involving nominated experts across the country, this study aimed to develop and achieve expert consensus on the POCUS skillsets required for medical doctors working at district hospitals in South Africa. Methods: A Delphi method of consensus development was performed, comprising several iterative rounds of skillset selection that continued until consensus was achieved on all items. We started this process using the existing American Academy of Family Physicians’ ultrasound curriculum (93 skillsets) as the starting point in the questionnaire. Experts were drawn from across the country; two from district hospitals in each province and two from each academic Family Medicine Department (N=36). In each iterative round, participants were asked to identify which POCUS skillsets were essential, optional (region specific) or non-essential for South African district hospitals. Results: Overall, five iterative rounds were required before consensus was attained on all skillsets (>70% agreement among the experts). In the first round, consensus was reached on 14 skillsets, followed by 21 skillsets in the second and third rounds. In the fourth round, consensus was reached on 26 skillsets, and in the fifth and final round, consensus was reached on the remaining eight skillsets. Of the starting 93 skillsets, three skillsets could not achieve consensus , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-07
Morphometric variation, heavy metal analysis and temperature effects on body weight and stoichiometric ratios (C:N:P) of cerithidea decollata along the Wild Coast, South Africa
- Authors: Fiki, Sinoxolo
- Date: 2023-07
- Subjects: Zoology
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9388 , vital:73512
- Description: The truncated snail, C e rit hid e a d e c olla t a , is one of the major invertebrates in mangrove ecosystems. It’s the rapid ecophysiological response to environmental stress conditions makes C. decollata an ideal species to test the effects of climate change in mangrove ecosystems. Increased temperatures, due to climate change, is one of the major threats faced by aquatic invertebrates as thermal stress may easily lead to death. This study, thus, compared the effects of 1) environmental conditions on the morphology; 2) temperature on body weight and stoichiometry as well as 3) the heavy metal content of C. decollata across three mangrove ecosystems. Morphometry results revealed that sites significantly influenced most of the shell morphological variables (i.e., shell length, shell width, spire height and aperture width). However, sites did not significantly influence the shell depth and aperture length of C. decollata . Temperature effects on body weight revealed that C. decollata individuals gained weight at low temperatures (10 to 20 °C) in all sites. As a result, the mean % weight gain of 6.75 ± 0.11 in Mngazana, 15.82 ± 0.13 in Mbhashe and 11.2 ± 0.13 in Nqabara. Contrary, C. decollata lost weight at temperatures between 25 and 40 °C across all sites leading to a mean % weight loss of 9.51 ± 0.05 in Mngazana; 14.52 ± 0.16 in Mbhashe and 25.74 ± 0.12 in Nqabara. Stoichiometric analysis revealed that soft tissues had higher nitrogen, carbon and phosphorous than the shells. The NP ratio was higher in soft tissues than in shells while CN and CP ratios were higher in shells than in soft tissues. The N, C, P, CN, CP and NP were lowest in Mngazana and highest in Nqabara. Temperature increases resulted in increased nitrogen, phosphorous, carbon and their stoichiometric CN, CP and NP ratios. Heavy metal results showed that Zn, Cu and Cd were highest in the soft tissue than in the shells and sediment. Contrarily, Fe and Pb were higher in the sediment than in shells and soft tissues. The Cu+Zn was highest in the shells than in the soft tissues and sediment. However, arsenic concentrations were below detection levels across all sites. Overall, no significant site differences were detected for heavy metals. It was, therefore, concluded that sites influenced some of C. decollata morphological features while temperature affected the body weight and stoichiometry of C. decollata . , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-07
- Authors: Fiki, Sinoxolo
- Date: 2023-07
- Subjects: Zoology
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9388 , vital:73512
- Description: The truncated snail, C e rit hid e a d e c olla t a , is one of the major invertebrates in mangrove ecosystems. It’s the rapid ecophysiological response to environmental stress conditions makes C. decollata an ideal species to test the effects of climate change in mangrove ecosystems. Increased temperatures, due to climate change, is one of the major threats faced by aquatic invertebrates as thermal stress may easily lead to death. This study, thus, compared the effects of 1) environmental conditions on the morphology; 2) temperature on body weight and stoichiometry as well as 3) the heavy metal content of C. decollata across three mangrove ecosystems. Morphometry results revealed that sites significantly influenced most of the shell morphological variables (i.e., shell length, shell width, spire height and aperture width). However, sites did not significantly influence the shell depth and aperture length of C. decollata . Temperature effects on body weight revealed that C. decollata individuals gained weight at low temperatures (10 to 20 °C) in all sites. As a result, the mean % weight gain of 6.75 ± 0.11 in Mngazana, 15.82 ± 0.13 in Mbhashe and 11.2 ± 0.13 in Nqabara. Contrary, C. decollata lost weight at temperatures between 25 and 40 °C across all sites leading to a mean % weight loss of 9.51 ± 0.05 in Mngazana; 14.52 ± 0.16 in Mbhashe and 25.74 ± 0.12 in Nqabara. Stoichiometric analysis revealed that soft tissues had higher nitrogen, carbon and phosphorous than the shells. The NP ratio was higher in soft tissues than in shells while CN and CP ratios were higher in shells than in soft tissues. The N, C, P, CN, CP and NP were lowest in Mngazana and highest in Nqabara. Temperature increases resulted in increased nitrogen, phosphorous, carbon and their stoichiometric CN, CP and NP ratios. Heavy metal results showed that Zn, Cu and Cd were highest in the soft tissue than in the shells and sediment. Contrarily, Fe and Pb were higher in the sediment than in shells and soft tissues. The Cu+Zn was highest in the shells than in the soft tissues and sediment. However, arsenic concentrations were below detection levels across all sites. Overall, no significant site differences were detected for heavy metals. It was, therefore, concluded that sites influenced some of C. decollata morphological features while temperature affected the body weight and stoichiometry of C. decollata . , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-07
Exploring challenges that hinder the effective rendering of formal education programmes at four correctional centresin South Africa
- Authors: Mafilika, Mandisi
- Date: 2023-01
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/11109 , vital:75919
- Description: The study was conducted in the Eastern Cape Region and specifically in the Mthatha Management Area in a correctional services setting. The Eastern Cape is one of the most under-developed provinces of South Africa. The researcher was alarmed by the persistent dropout rate of offender learners, low engagement of offenders in education and training programmes as well as the diminishing zeal of prison educators to perform well in their area of delivery. The study used a qualitative research approach wherein a case study design was chosen. Six correctional services educators, eight learners, six security officials and four managers from four centres were purposively selected. The study used behaviourist theory as a theoretical lens; Behaviourism is also known as behavioural psychology for its potential to change both the social behaviours of offenders engaged in programmes and security officials’ perspective towards prison education and redeems educators’ self-esteem that will augment their enthusiasm to deliver on their area of specialisation. Data were collected through interviews and observation. The findings of the study indicate that the government has simply not rectified the imbalances of the past by rebuilding prisons to accommodate rehabilitative needs. This is one of the causes of the challenges experienced by prison educators. With a general shortage of educators, the ones employed are overloaded with work that goes beyond tuition and school administrative duties. The study revealed that an unconducive teaching and learning environment was characterized by the absence of classrooms for tuition, with cells and open courtyards being used, a severe shortage of educators, a lack of relevant teacher training as well as a lack of much-needed support from management. The researcher recommends that the Department of Correctional Services should put more effort into improving the conditions for education in correctional centres in historically-disadvantaged areas, recognise the education of offenders as a human right and employ and train more educators for a very unique correctional services setting in order to help rehabilitate offenders and prevent recidivism. vi KEY WORDS Prison educator, Recidivism, Reintegration, Illiteracy, Learner Offender, Rehabilitation, Incarceration, Courtyard, Custodial Official, Dropout, Hindrances, Training. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-01
- Authors: Mafilika, Mandisi
- Date: 2023-01
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/11109 , vital:75919
- Description: The study was conducted in the Eastern Cape Region and specifically in the Mthatha Management Area in a correctional services setting. The Eastern Cape is one of the most under-developed provinces of South Africa. The researcher was alarmed by the persistent dropout rate of offender learners, low engagement of offenders in education and training programmes as well as the diminishing zeal of prison educators to perform well in their area of delivery. The study used a qualitative research approach wherein a case study design was chosen. Six correctional services educators, eight learners, six security officials and four managers from four centres were purposively selected. The study used behaviourist theory as a theoretical lens; Behaviourism is also known as behavioural psychology for its potential to change both the social behaviours of offenders engaged in programmes and security officials’ perspective towards prison education and redeems educators’ self-esteem that will augment their enthusiasm to deliver on their area of specialisation. Data were collected through interviews and observation. The findings of the study indicate that the government has simply not rectified the imbalances of the past by rebuilding prisons to accommodate rehabilitative needs. This is one of the causes of the challenges experienced by prison educators. With a general shortage of educators, the ones employed are overloaded with work that goes beyond tuition and school administrative duties. The study revealed that an unconducive teaching and learning environment was characterized by the absence of classrooms for tuition, with cells and open courtyards being used, a severe shortage of educators, a lack of relevant teacher training as well as a lack of much-needed support from management. The researcher recommends that the Department of Correctional Services should put more effort into improving the conditions for education in correctional centres in historically-disadvantaged areas, recognise the education of offenders as a human right and employ and train more educators for a very unique correctional services setting in order to help rehabilitate offenders and prevent recidivism. vi KEY WORDS Prison educator, Recidivism, Reintegration, Illiteracy, Learner Offender, Rehabilitation, Incarceration, Courtyard, Custodial Official, Dropout, Hindrances, Training. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-01
A single centre study evaluating adherence to methotrexate monitoringguidelinesin patients with rheumatoid arthritis
- Authors: Genevieve, Olivier
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Medicine
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9690 , vital:74612
- Description: Introduction: Methotrexate (MTX) is considered a first-line agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and regular blood test monitoring is advised in treatment guidelines to identify potential toxicity. Failure to adhere to monitoring guidelines for methotrexate use may compromise patient care. Identifying and correcting variability in care may optimise the safe use of this medication and improve patient outcomes. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate adherence to guidelines on methotrexate safety monitoring in rheumatoid arthritis patients at an Eastern Cape hospital and to establish whether a dedicated rheumatology outpatient department (OPD) performs this task more effectively than a general medical outpatient department (MOPD). Method: This retrospective cross-sectional single-centre study was conducted at Frere Hospital in the Eastern Cape over one year from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. Adult patients over the age of 18 years who received methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis during the study period and attended either the rheumatology OPD or the MOPD at Frere Hospital were included in the study population. Permission to undertake this study was obtained through the Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics and Bio-safety Committee at Walter Sisulu University and the Cecilia Makiwane and Frere Hospitals Research and Ethics Committee. The random sample generator tool on Microsoft Excel was used to select patients from the Frere Hospital Pharmacy Database who was prescribed methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Laboratory test results were accessed through the Labtrak system of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS). The number and type of blood test done as recommended in a South African Methotrexate use guideline by Hodkinson et al, was documented on a data collecting sheet. Two or more blood tests done within a three-to six month period was considered adherent to the guideline. The hospital management system version two (HMS2) was used to see which clinic the patient attended. iii Results: There was 53% adherence (95% Confidence Interval 42-65%) overall to guideline. In the study sample, 64% of patients were from Rheumatology OPD and the remainder were from MOPD. There was 78% (95% CI 62-89%) adherence in the Rheumatology OPD compared to 22% (95% CI 11-38%) in MOPD. No significant association was found between the number of FBC tests and the site of testing (p-value = 0.346) or for Creatinine tests (p-value = 0.078). However, a significant association was found with ALT tests and the site of testing (MOPD or rheumatology OPD) with p-value = 0.010, although this is likely a chance finding. Conclusion: Adherence to a South African guideline for methotrexate safety monitoring was found to be suboptimal at the study centre. Adherence was better in the dedicated Rheumatology OPD compared to a general medical OPD. Education regarding the correct use of guidelines in different health settings by medical professionals is advised. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
- Authors: Genevieve, Olivier
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Medicine
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9690 , vital:74612
- Description: Introduction: Methotrexate (MTX) is considered a first-line agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and regular blood test monitoring is advised in treatment guidelines to identify potential toxicity. Failure to adhere to monitoring guidelines for methotrexate use may compromise patient care. Identifying and correcting variability in care may optimise the safe use of this medication and improve patient outcomes. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate adherence to guidelines on methotrexate safety monitoring in rheumatoid arthritis patients at an Eastern Cape hospital and to establish whether a dedicated rheumatology outpatient department (OPD) performs this task more effectively than a general medical outpatient department (MOPD). Method: This retrospective cross-sectional single-centre study was conducted at Frere Hospital in the Eastern Cape over one year from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. Adult patients over the age of 18 years who received methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis during the study period and attended either the rheumatology OPD or the MOPD at Frere Hospital were included in the study population. Permission to undertake this study was obtained through the Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics and Bio-safety Committee at Walter Sisulu University and the Cecilia Makiwane and Frere Hospitals Research and Ethics Committee. The random sample generator tool on Microsoft Excel was used to select patients from the Frere Hospital Pharmacy Database who was prescribed methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Laboratory test results were accessed through the Labtrak system of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS). The number and type of blood test done as recommended in a South African Methotrexate use guideline by Hodkinson et al, was documented on a data collecting sheet. Two or more blood tests done within a three-to six month period was considered adherent to the guideline. The hospital management system version two (HMS2) was used to see which clinic the patient attended. iii Results: There was 53% adherence (95% Confidence Interval 42-65%) overall to guideline. In the study sample, 64% of patients were from Rheumatology OPD and the remainder were from MOPD. There was 78% (95% CI 62-89%) adherence in the Rheumatology OPD compared to 22% (95% CI 11-38%) in MOPD. No significant association was found between the number of FBC tests and the site of testing (p-value = 0.346) or for Creatinine tests (p-value = 0.078). However, a significant association was found with ALT tests and the site of testing (MOPD or rheumatology OPD) with p-value = 0.010, although this is likely a chance finding. Conclusion: Adherence to a South African guideline for methotrexate safety monitoring was found to be suboptimal at the study centre. Adherence was better in the dedicated Rheumatology OPD compared to a general medical OPD. Education regarding the correct use of guidelines in different health settings by medical professionals is advised. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
An audit of patients with new onset stroke and associated barriers to thrombolysis of hyperacute strokesat a tertiary level hospital in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Pasio, Roswyn Claire
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Medicine
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9891 , vital:74639
- Description: Globally and in South Africa stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In 2006, the Joint World Congress of Stroke declared stroke a ‘catastrophic illness’ in South Africa. This declaration aims to focus the attention of policymakers on the impact of stroke and engage with them to intervene. Local stroke data is needed to make informed and relevant policy changes. Data is also required to start multi-level initiatives regarding stroke prevention and care. This study aims to analyse the demographic profile of stroke and assess the quality of stroke care using time-based performance measures at Livingstone Tertiary Hospital in the Eastern Cape. Methodology The study is a descriptive, retrospective chart review of patients presenting with an acute stroke to Livingstone Tertiary Hospital Emergency Department over a 12 month period. Demographic data, stroke risk factors, patient comorbidities and mode of transport were collated and analysed. Time parameters were used to ascertain delays within the stroke care pathway of patients and factors precluding patients from thrombolysis were identified. Results The study included 403 eligible patients, 54% of the patients of whom were female. The majority of those were of Mixed-race ethnicity (49%) and aged between 50 and 79 years. Hypertension (71%) was the most common comorbidity followed by smoking (31%) and diabetes mellitus (24%). The median time from onset of symptoms to presentation to hospital was 12 hours 23 minutes (I.Q 20hrs 34min). The average time from arrival to being III seen by a doctor was 1 hour 57 minutes (I.Q 1hr 59min) and the time from arrival to radiological imaging was 17 hours 6 minutes (I.Q. 8hrs 28min). 375 patients had radiological imaging, 58% (n=217) had evidence of an ischaemic stroke compared to 21% (n=80) who had signs of an intracranial haemorrhage. Of the study cohort, 99 (25%) of all stroke patients presented within the 4.5hr thrombolytic window, 68 (32%) of which were ischaemic strokes. However, in-hospital time delays precluded 35% of these patients from thrombolysis. A further 33% of patients had other contraindications to thrombolysis and 32% were not offered thrombolysis based on the clinical discretion of the doctor. Conclusion This study highlights the burden of stroke within Port Elizabeth, located in the Western Region of the Eastern Cape. Risk factor modification and disease control is imperative in reducing the prevalence and impact of stroke. The major precluding factor in stroke patients not being offered thrombolysis is a delay in arrival to hospital. Public education and awareness initiatives need to focus on addressing this issue. The clinical discretion of the treating physician significantly influences the decision to thrombolyse patients with an acute stroke. In-service training can address physicians’ perceptions regarding the benefits of thrombolysis as a treatment option. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences in brach of emergency medicine, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
- Authors: Pasio, Roswyn Claire
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Medicine
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9891 , vital:74639
- Description: Globally and in South Africa stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In 2006, the Joint World Congress of Stroke declared stroke a ‘catastrophic illness’ in South Africa. This declaration aims to focus the attention of policymakers on the impact of stroke and engage with them to intervene. Local stroke data is needed to make informed and relevant policy changes. Data is also required to start multi-level initiatives regarding stroke prevention and care. This study aims to analyse the demographic profile of stroke and assess the quality of stroke care using time-based performance measures at Livingstone Tertiary Hospital in the Eastern Cape. Methodology The study is a descriptive, retrospective chart review of patients presenting with an acute stroke to Livingstone Tertiary Hospital Emergency Department over a 12 month period. Demographic data, stroke risk factors, patient comorbidities and mode of transport were collated and analysed. Time parameters were used to ascertain delays within the stroke care pathway of patients and factors precluding patients from thrombolysis were identified. Results The study included 403 eligible patients, 54% of the patients of whom were female. The majority of those were of Mixed-race ethnicity (49%) and aged between 50 and 79 years. Hypertension (71%) was the most common comorbidity followed by smoking (31%) and diabetes mellitus (24%). The median time from onset of symptoms to presentation to hospital was 12 hours 23 minutes (I.Q 20hrs 34min). The average time from arrival to being III seen by a doctor was 1 hour 57 minutes (I.Q 1hr 59min) and the time from arrival to radiological imaging was 17 hours 6 minutes (I.Q. 8hrs 28min). 375 patients had radiological imaging, 58% (n=217) had evidence of an ischaemic stroke compared to 21% (n=80) who had signs of an intracranial haemorrhage. Of the study cohort, 99 (25%) of all stroke patients presented within the 4.5hr thrombolytic window, 68 (32%) of which were ischaemic strokes. However, in-hospital time delays precluded 35% of these patients from thrombolysis. A further 33% of patients had other contraindications to thrombolysis and 32% were not offered thrombolysis based on the clinical discretion of the doctor. Conclusion This study highlights the burden of stroke within Port Elizabeth, located in the Western Region of the Eastern Cape. Risk factor modification and disease control is imperative in reducing the prevalence and impact of stroke. The major precluding factor in stroke patients not being offered thrombolysis is a delay in arrival to hospital. Public education and awareness initiatives need to focus on addressing this issue. The clinical discretion of the treating physician significantly influences the decision to thrombolyse patients with an acute stroke. In-service training can address physicians’ perceptions regarding the benefits of thrombolysis as a treatment option. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences in brach of emergency medicine, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
Appraising the sustainability of groud water quantity and quality
- Authors: Mkosana, Kululwa
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Geography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9398 , vital:73516
- Description: South Africa is a semi-arid region that suffers from water scarcity. With a changing climate, incidents such as droughts and human migration will exacerbate the water scarcity already experienced. Thus, the assessment of groundwater quality and quantity is a major step toward ensuring a viable sustainable water argumentation for general use and to serve as one of the most basic needs of human beings. Hence, this study appraises the sustainability of groundwater resource availability and assesses its water quality at the King Sabatha Dalindyebo Local Municipality within the Mthatha River Catchment (MRC). The objectives were to: i) examine the extent of groundwater potential in the area ii) investigate the determinant factors that characterized the groundwater and surface water interaction and assess the impacts of climatic variables on yield iii) compare the physico-chemical and microbial concentration samples collected at different boreholes in the MRC with respect to South African and World Health Organization (WHO) standards and iv) develop the temporal variation trend in modeling the groundwater quality parameters. Using a systematic sampling method, a preliminary survey was carried out to identify the location and selection of the appropriate boreholes’ representation. Thereafter, reconnaissance map and characterisation of the 10 selected borehole's location was made to spatially represent the sites. The water samples were made thrice per site (totally 30 samples). The collected samples were transported to Talbot and Talbot Laboratory, where they were analysed for their physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters using established procedures. Other parameters such as depth of hole, water level, borehole yield, abstraction rate, the screen length, drawdown, morphometry, geological, land-use variables, were generated after rigorous geographical information system (GIS) analysis in QGIS environment and Excel in achieving the study aims. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used for the estimation of the groundwater flow or baseflow drawing strength from the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer flow (Ksat) (mm/day), sub-basin divide for the groundwater system to the main channel Lgw (m), and the water table height (m). Thereafter, the principal iv component analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and correlation analysis were used to assess the controlling factors for the spatial variation of recharge in the watershed characteristics and assess the impacts of climatic variables on groundwater yield. The simulated results revealed a mean monthly water yield range of 2.7-14.8 m3/s for groundwater over the study years (2000-2019). The development of temporal variation trend modeling of the physico-chemical composition of the groundwater varied from one borehole to another despite their proximity, thus, making it difficult to generalise the water quality parameters fluctuation. The water quality results showed that the majority of the variables are not within acceptable standards. Ammonia and total coliform levels depict a range between 1.5 mg/l minimum to 10 mg/l maximum with to 1000 counts/mL for total coliform. Also, there was no clear relationship between the location of the boreholes and the borehole yield among the selected samples. However, there was a significant difference between the borehole yield and the risk description matrix for the various water quality parameters. Most of the borehole water quality depicts a non-health aesthetic, acute health, and disinfectant status for the area. Keywords: Water scarcity, groundwater, seasonal variability, aquifer scale , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
- Authors: Mkosana, Kululwa
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Geography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9398 , vital:73516
- Description: South Africa is a semi-arid region that suffers from water scarcity. With a changing climate, incidents such as droughts and human migration will exacerbate the water scarcity already experienced. Thus, the assessment of groundwater quality and quantity is a major step toward ensuring a viable sustainable water argumentation for general use and to serve as one of the most basic needs of human beings. Hence, this study appraises the sustainability of groundwater resource availability and assesses its water quality at the King Sabatha Dalindyebo Local Municipality within the Mthatha River Catchment (MRC). The objectives were to: i) examine the extent of groundwater potential in the area ii) investigate the determinant factors that characterized the groundwater and surface water interaction and assess the impacts of climatic variables on yield iii) compare the physico-chemical and microbial concentration samples collected at different boreholes in the MRC with respect to South African and World Health Organization (WHO) standards and iv) develop the temporal variation trend in modeling the groundwater quality parameters. Using a systematic sampling method, a preliminary survey was carried out to identify the location and selection of the appropriate boreholes’ representation. Thereafter, reconnaissance map and characterisation of the 10 selected borehole's location was made to spatially represent the sites. The water samples were made thrice per site (totally 30 samples). The collected samples were transported to Talbot and Talbot Laboratory, where they were analysed for their physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters using established procedures. Other parameters such as depth of hole, water level, borehole yield, abstraction rate, the screen length, drawdown, morphometry, geological, land-use variables, were generated after rigorous geographical information system (GIS) analysis in QGIS environment and Excel in achieving the study aims. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used for the estimation of the groundwater flow or baseflow drawing strength from the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer flow (Ksat) (mm/day), sub-basin divide for the groundwater system to the main channel Lgw (m), and the water table height (m). Thereafter, the principal iv component analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and correlation analysis were used to assess the controlling factors for the spatial variation of recharge in the watershed characteristics and assess the impacts of climatic variables on groundwater yield. The simulated results revealed a mean monthly water yield range of 2.7-14.8 m3/s for groundwater over the study years (2000-2019). The development of temporal variation trend modeling of the physico-chemical composition of the groundwater varied from one borehole to another despite their proximity, thus, making it difficult to generalise the water quality parameters fluctuation. The water quality results showed that the majority of the variables are not within acceptable standards. Ammonia and total coliform levels depict a range between 1.5 mg/l minimum to 10 mg/l maximum with to 1000 counts/mL for total coliform. Also, there was no clear relationship between the location of the boreholes and the borehole yield among the selected samples. However, there was a significant difference between the borehole yield and the risk description matrix for the various water quality parameters. Most of the borehole water quality depicts a non-health aesthetic, acute health, and disinfectant status for the area. Keywords: Water scarcity, groundwater, seasonal variability, aquifer scale , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Natural Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
Arterial stiffness in pregnant women with preeclampsia and HIV infection at Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital
- Authors: Flatela, Mlungisi
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Medicine
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9832 , vital:74631
- Description: Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
- Authors: Flatela, Mlungisi
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Medicine
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9832 , vital:74631
- Description: Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
Attitudes and barriers towards HIV testing services among males aged between 15-49 years at Mzamomhle Township: Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality
- Authors: Mantashe, Zintle
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Public Health
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9753 , vital:74617
- Description: This study delves into the attitudes and obstacles surrounding HIV Testing Services (HTS) among males aged 15 to 49 in Mzamomhle Township, Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa. HIV/AIDS prevalence remains a significant concern, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Employing a mixed-methods approach with questionnaires and interviews, data was gathered from 106 participants. The findings highlight a range of challenges that impede the accessibility of HTS. These challenges include stigma, concerns about privacy, fears related to testing, limited knowledge, and negative attitudes of staff towards HTS. Despite these challenges, the study reveals that participants generally hold positive attitudes towards HTS. However, there are doubts regarding the efficacy of testing in preventing the transmission of HIV. Privacy concerns emerge prominently, with participants fearing that their status might be disclosed. Stigma also acts as a barrier, as individuals fear potential embarrassment if their status becomes known. To address these issues, several recommendations are proposed. These include the establishment of robust support systems, educational campaigns to empower individuals with knowledge about HTS benefits, and community initiatives to combat negative attitudes towards testing. Furthermore, enhancing healthcare worker training and raising political awareness can contribute to creating a more favourable environment for HTS utilisation. By implementing these recommendations, South Africa can work towards dismantling the barriers that hinder HIV testing and promoting a proactive culture of health-seeking behaviour among men. This effort is essential for reducing HIV transmission rates and achieving global health targets. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
- Authors: Mantashe, Zintle
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Public Health
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9753 , vital:74617
- Description: This study delves into the attitudes and obstacles surrounding HIV Testing Services (HTS) among males aged 15 to 49 in Mzamomhle Township, Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa. HIV/AIDS prevalence remains a significant concern, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Employing a mixed-methods approach with questionnaires and interviews, data was gathered from 106 participants. The findings highlight a range of challenges that impede the accessibility of HTS. These challenges include stigma, concerns about privacy, fears related to testing, limited knowledge, and negative attitudes of staff towards HTS. Despite these challenges, the study reveals that participants generally hold positive attitudes towards HTS. However, there are doubts regarding the efficacy of testing in preventing the transmission of HIV. Privacy concerns emerge prominently, with participants fearing that their status might be disclosed. Stigma also acts as a barrier, as individuals fear potential embarrassment if their status becomes known. To address these issues, several recommendations are proposed. These include the establishment of robust support systems, educational campaigns to empower individuals with knowledge about HTS benefits, and community initiatives to combat negative attitudes towards testing. Furthermore, enhancing healthcare worker training and raising political awareness can contribute to creating a more favourable environment for HTS utilisation. By implementing these recommendations, South Africa can work towards dismantling the barriers that hinder HIV testing and promoting a proactive culture of health-seeking behaviour among men. This effort is essential for reducing HIV transmission rates and achieving global health targets. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
Critical analysis of the role played by izidlalo zabafazi in amaXhosa women’s psycho-socio health
- Authors: Wayise, Siphenkosi
- Date: 2023-00
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10913 , vital:75665
- Description: African tribes have found that traditional songs are one of the most crucial factors in fostering cohesion, solidarity and communication between physical and non-physical entities as well as knowledge of culture and cultural activities. Traditional women's songs, or izidlalo zabafazi, are amongst the most potent tools utilized by the AmaXhosa tribe. Women mostly use these songs to communicate their emotions about various situations. Before Westernization had an impact, women used izidlalo zabafazi to talk about and deal with terrible times and challenging circumstances, such as verbal, emotional, physical and all other forms of abuse experienced by them. This indicates that these songs were especially important in providing a platform for women to express themselves by singing, acting and reacting to their many struggles. Since women today also experience many difficulties, particularly those that have an emotional impact on them, this prompted the researcher to investigate whether the significance of these songs can be exposed as a traditional platform where women can express themselves about their marital matters and be viewed as traditional therapeutic systems to be used by AmaXhosa women even in our day and age. The study employs two theoretical frameworks to accomplish this investigation: the psychoanalytic theory, which examines the psychological effects of izidlalo zabafazi on amaXhosa women; and the African feminism theory, which emphasizes the equalization of power and authority between the sexes and asserts that women should not be subservient to men and that they have a voice, even in patriarchal societies. Using a textual analysis approach, a selection of songs from various available sources, including books, papers, YouTube, tik-tok and Facebook, have been examined. Their therapeutic effect has unraveled the influence on the psychological well-being of women. The study indicates that it is highly effective in promoting mental recuperation, especially for adherents of izidlalo zabafazi. This has led to the notion that izidlalo zabafazi have an impact on the psychological well-being of amaXhosa women. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Law, Humanities and Social Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
- Authors: Wayise, Siphenkosi
- Date: 2023-00
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/10913 , vital:75665
- Description: African tribes have found that traditional songs are one of the most crucial factors in fostering cohesion, solidarity and communication between physical and non-physical entities as well as knowledge of culture and cultural activities. Traditional women's songs, or izidlalo zabafazi, are amongst the most potent tools utilized by the AmaXhosa tribe. Women mostly use these songs to communicate their emotions about various situations. Before Westernization had an impact, women used izidlalo zabafazi to talk about and deal with terrible times and challenging circumstances, such as verbal, emotional, physical and all other forms of abuse experienced by them. This indicates that these songs were especially important in providing a platform for women to express themselves by singing, acting and reacting to their many struggles. Since women today also experience many difficulties, particularly those that have an emotional impact on them, this prompted the researcher to investigate whether the significance of these songs can be exposed as a traditional platform where women can express themselves about their marital matters and be viewed as traditional therapeutic systems to be used by AmaXhosa women even in our day and age. The study employs two theoretical frameworks to accomplish this investigation: the psychoanalytic theory, which examines the psychological effects of izidlalo zabafazi on amaXhosa women; and the African feminism theory, which emphasizes the equalization of power and authority between the sexes and asserts that women should not be subservient to men and that they have a voice, even in patriarchal societies. Using a textual analysis approach, a selection of songs from various available sources, including books, papers, YouTube, tik-tok and Facebook, have been examined. Their therapeutic effect has unraveled the influence on the psychological well-being of women. The study indicates that it is highly effective in promoting mental recuperation, especially for adherents of izidlalo zabafazi. This has led to the notion that izidlalo zabafazi have an impact on the psychological well-being of amaXhosa women. , Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Law, Humanities and Social Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
Effects of the timing of initiation of maternal anti-retroviral therapy, cd4 count and viral load on birth out comes in South Africa
- Authors: Siqithi, Sisanda
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Medicine
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9849 , vital:74633
- Description: Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00
- Authors: Siqithi, Sisanda
- Date: 2023-00
- Subjects: Medicine
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9849 , vital:74633
- Description: Thesis (Masters) -- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-00