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How to do things with speeches: a critical discourse analysis of military coup texts in Nigeria

  • Authors: Bello, Umar
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Speeches, addresses, etc., Nigerian -- 20th century -- History and criticism , Critical discourse analysis -- Nigeria , Corpora (Linguistics) , Social sciences -- Philosophy , Intertextuality , Interpellation -- Nigeria , Forensics (Public speaking) , Oratory -- Nigeria , Nigeria -- Politics and government -- 1960- , Nigeria -- Social conditions -- 1960-
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143336 , vital:38234
  • Description: Coup speeches that usher the military into political power in Nigeria are the central focus of this thesis. There are seven coup speeches that are notable in the changing of the political course in Nigeria and in enabling the military to rule Nigeria for 30 years, establishing another alternative political construct and party (Bangura 1991). The seven coup speeches along with two others, one a colonial proclamation of conquest and the other a counter coup speech (altogether making nine) constitute the data of this thesis. The analysis done here uses Critical Discourse Analysis, based on a combination of Fairclough (1989, 2001), Fairclough and Fairclough (2012), Thompson’s (1984, 1988 and 1990) works with complementary insights by Chilton (2004), to analyze the speeches in order to understand the ideologies, perceptions and arguments of the coup makers enshrined in the texts. I also employ a concordance analytic system in corpus linguistics to sort uses of important terms and lexical items. The analysis is divided into three broad parts, namely: an analysis of representation of social actors and their action, an analysis of the processes of interpellation and then an analysis of the premises of the arguments contained in the speeches. In the concluding part, there is a discussion of the dialectical nature of the coup speeches especially in the areas of mutual influences which aids in the gradual sedimentation of the political ideology of the military. In particular, there is a longitudinal intertextual analysis across all the speeches, from the earliest to the latest, to see how a coup speech genre is created. The contribution of this work to knowledge is in terms of combining discourse analysis and social theory to illuminate some aspects of Nigeria’s socio- political crises in depth and multifariously. This work helps in understanding the nature of Nigerian autocratic democracy, subservient followership by the citizenry and the supremacy of the military elite. The work employs a novel combination of representation, argumentation, interpellation and constitutive intertextuality in understanding military discourse. It looks at speaker intention, the exploitation of interpretation or reception and the formation of subjects in general and each with its importance and social context. The work as a whole reveals that the military try to build legitimacy by way of establishing authority through rhetorical arguments in varying degrees. These arguments are laid bare, and what they discern is that charges are decidedly trumped up by the military against their opponents and constructed to suit the spin of their moments. The coup makers in some instances construct strawmen of opponents and then go ahead to attack their constructed assumptions or they charge without substance using nominalizations, metaphorical constructions and presuppositions. They apply stipulative definitions and emotionally loaded words in evaluating their actions favourably and also in the negative evaluation of the actions of the opponents. At the level of interpellational analysis, the data reveals the use of language in gradually hailing the citizens as military subjects. The role of the audience changes here i.e. from those to be convinced in rhetorical evaluation of opponents to those to be firmly controlled. The persistent hailing and positioning of the citizens as military subjects help in concretizing their subjecthood. The reaction of the people in affirmation of support to the rule of the military is crucial and it completes the interpellation process. As observed by Clark (2007, 141) “many African societies are so inured to military intervention as not to regard it as aberrant”. This inuring of the societies has to do with hegemonic ideological practices in military discourses claiming legitimacy and the right to rule. At the reception level, this shows that most of the citizens have bought into the dominant ideology and are as such interpellated by it or have adopted what Hall (2015, 125) would call the ‘dominant-hegemonic position’. Aspects of argumentation, speech acts, and deontic modals used by the coup makers help in gradually solidifying the subservient nature of the citizens to the military junta. The diachronic and intertextual nature of the analysis also reveals that the colonial proclamation of conquest in Nigeria by Lord Fredrick Lugard possibly influenced the first coup speech in 1966 in terms of structure and genre. There are traces of the colonial proclamations found in the 1966 coup speech. In substance, the military appear to copy their colonial progenitors. Historically, the military were formed as an army of colonial conquest. There is a dialectical interplay between colonial discourse and military coup speeches. The first coup speech, for its part, influences other coup speeches and they in general impact on civilian political language. The work analyzes from the minute to the global and in this bid unties the layers of assumptions, constructions and points of views that underpin an otherwise objective presentation of reality. The study also engages social theory in illuminating aspects of discourse, social practice and political action. The works of post-structuralists like Foucault, Althusser, Bourdieu, Habermas, Laclau and Mouffe, Derrida etc. are employed in shedding light on the processes of social formation in the interpellation of subjects and in the construction of a new political authority by the military regimes.
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Identification of SANCDB compounds against G2019S and I2020T variants of leucine-rich repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) for the development of drugs against Parkinson’s Disease

  • Authors: Baye, Bertha Cinthia
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Antiparkinsonian agents , Parkinson's disease -- Treatment , Protein kinases , Parkinson's disease -- Chemotherapy , Molecules -- Models
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/138764 , vital:37671
  • Description: Parkinson’s disease is a type of movement disorder that occurs when nerve cells in the brain stop producing dopamine. It is the second neurodegenerative disease affecting 1-2% of people above the ages of 65 years old. There is a worldwide prevalence of 7 to 10 million affected people of all cultures and race. Studies have shown that mutation that causes Parkinson’s disease result in increased kinase activity. The c.6055 G > A in exon 41 is the most prevalent LRRK2 variation which causes a substitution of glycine to serine in G2019S in the highly activated loop of its MAP kinase domain. The LRRK2 G2019S variant is the most common genetic determinant of Parkinson’s disease identified to date. This work focused on building accurate 3D models of the LRRK2 kinase domain, that were used for large-scale in silico docking against South African natural compounds from the South African Natural Compounds Database (SANCDB; https://sancdb.rubi.ru.ac.za/). Molecular docking was performed to identify compounds that formed interactions with the active site of the protein and had the lowest binding energy scores. Molecular dynamics simulations showed different movements of the protein-ligand complexes and behavioural difference of the wildtype and the variants, all three structures proved to be compact. Network analysis was done to study residue interactions, contact maps, dynamic cross correlations, average BC and average L were used to study the residue interactions and general residue contribution to the functioning of the protein..
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In vitro susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to porphyrin-silver mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy

  • Authors: Shabangu, Samuel Malewa
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Porphyrins , Nanoparticles , Photochemotherapy , Drug resistance in microorganisms , Staphylococcus aureus
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/167476 , vital:41484
  • Description: This work reports on the syntheses and characterization of symmetrical and unsymmetrical porphyrin complexes namely, 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-porphyrinato zinc(II) (1), 5,10,15,20-tetrathienyl porphyrinato zinc(II) (2), 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10, 15, 20-tris(2-thienyl) porphyrinato zinc(II) (3), 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris(pentafluorophenyl)- porphyrinato zinc(II) (4), 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-porphyrinato zinc(II) (5) and 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10, 15, 20-tris(2-thienyl)-porphyrinato zinc(II) (6). The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was also undertaken in this research work. Complexes 1, 2, 3 and 6 were linked to oleic acid/oleylamine functionalized nanoparticles via self-assembly and 4-6 were linked via covalent interaction through an amide bond to glutathione capped AgNPs. The effect of nature of bond along with symmetry were investigated, of interest were the five membered thienyl substituents. The photophysical and photochemical behaviour of the complexes and their conjugates with AgNPs were investigated in dimethylformamide. The porphyrin and AgNPs conjugates afforded an increase in singlet oxygen quantum yield. Complexes 1-6 and their conjugates were used for photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy of Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial studies were done in two different concentrations of 0.36 and 2.0 μg/mL. The thienyl substituted porphyrin complexes and their conjugates gave better photodynamic activity as compared to phenyl analogues
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Informal learning in local farming practices by rural women in the Lake Chilwa Basin, Malawi: towards coping and adaptation to climate variability and climate change

  • Authors: Mphepo, Gibson Yadunda
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Women -- Non-formal education - Malawi , Non-formal education -- Malawi , Women -- Malawi -- Social conditions , Crops and climate -- Malawi , Agricultural extension work -- Government policy -- Malawi , Environmental education -- Malawi
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/167540 , vital:41490
  • Description: Evidence reveals that informal learning is a neglected research area, globally and nationally. Informal learning, like formal and non-formal learning, is context specific. In the case of my study, the context was in local maize cultivation and the associated local farming practices which are also neglected. Research has shown that rural women in Malawi are significant change agents in socio-economic sectors, yet they are heavily affected by inequality. For example, extreme weather events of droughts and floods in the Lake Chilwa Basin, disproportionately affect more women than men because of their traditional gendered roles such as home care. The complexity of the dualistic nature of being change agents and victims of injustices at the same time offers a catalytic opportunity for potentially transformative social learning for transformative adaptation. Against this backdrop, I conducted a study to investigate and expand informal learning processes to contribute to building the resilience of women and other community members in Domasi and Nsanama Extension Planning Areas (EPA) within the Lake Chilwa Basin. Specifically, the study answered the following question: “How do drought and inter-seasonal dry spells influence informal learning processes to enable transformation adaptation among rural women cultivating maize in the Lake Chilwa Basin, Malawi?” To address the question, the first stage was to review local farming practices and the associated informal learning processes in Malawi. I then used third generation Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) as an overarching theoretical framework to guide the subsequent research processes which were split into three main phases: mirror data collection for expansive learning, formative change laboratory workshops, and data analysis and reflection. CHAT is a theoretical framework that helps us comprehend and analyze the relationship between the human mind (i.e. what people think and feel) and activity (what people do). It is a formative and activist learning theory that posits learning as occurring through collective activities to meet or change a common object (Mukute and Lotz-Sisitka, 2012, p. 345). For Koszalka and Wu, 2001(p. 493), within a CHAT framework, knowledge is socially constructed by individual learners, building on existing historical experiences, within the learners’ context. To construct this knowledge, learners use technology or mediating tools, as Vygotsky (1978) calls them. To collect mirror data, I conducted focus group discussions, observation studies, and document analysis. I also conducted key informant interviews with selected extension workers responsible for the two case study sites. The hub of my research constituted change laboratory workshops to expand learning through four of the seven expansive learning actions, namely questioning, analysis, modeling and testing the model. One of the essential procedures I relied on to expand learning during these change laboratory workshops was identification and analysis of contradictions that were mirrored back to women. The use of contradictions as fertile ground for learning is premised on Engstrom’s arguments that contradictions form a catalyst for learning. Data were analysed using two approaches: layered and power relations. A layered analysis is a step-by-step process of understanding a situation from the lower to a higher level (mature stage). For my research, this meant understanding sequential learning from questioning (session 1 – lower level) to testing the model (session 8 – higher level). The second data analysis approach, power relations, relates to the Women Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), a measure of the degree of women empowerment, their agency and inclusion in farming (Ruth et al., 2013, p. 3). I used this type of power analysis tool because my research was agriculture based. Both data analysis approaches relied on N-vivo which is a form of computer-based qualitative data management software. The software was ideal for my study which was also mostly qualitative. During phase 1 of data collection, I identified five local farming practices associated with local maize cultivation, a focus of my study. These practices were slash and burn (mphanje); traditional insect pest control measures; soil fertility enhancement techniques through kuojeka (crop residue incorporation) and livestock manure; traditional weather forecasts; and multiple cropping (mixed and sequential cropping). Among these, the most preferred by the women I interacted with were kuojeka, livestock manure and mixed cropping. I discovered that these local farming practices are informally learned mainly through word of mouth, observation, trials, women-dominated social networks and drama. I also discovered that some of these informal learning pathways are catalyzed by drought and dry spells. For example, during the 1949 and 2002 drought periods, women reported that they had learned new types of coping strategies such as the use of sawdust and banana root flour in place of maize flour to prepare nsima, a staple food in Malawi. During phase 2, change laboratory workshops, I identified 19 contradictions associated with local farming practices, most of which were related to the Government of Malawi bias towards modern farming practices such as hybrids. Other contradictions were related to traditional structures and norms and religion and traditional beliefs. Solutions were suggested for each of the contradictions. Some of these solutions were tested for their workability. These included setting up diversity blocks (demonstration plots) for local maize cultivation under irrigation and engagement of the youth through WhatsApp groups for the first time at the study sites. The results of the tests show that there is potential to transform local farming practices at the study sites and build social resilience against drought and dry spells. For example, from a local maize demonstration plot in Nsanama Extension Planning Area (EPA), farmers learned that kafula local maize is fast maturing and therefore cushions them against hunger as they wait for the main harvest in later months. Eighty-eight households shared local maize seed harvested from the demonstration gardens for upscaling. The Head of Nsanama EPA had also set up another demonstration garden in 2018-2019 growing season consisting of kafula at Nsanama EPA Headquarters for further informal learning purposes. This research has contributed new knowledge to the existing knowledge base about local farming practices and informal learning. These contributions are in the form of methods I used as well as results obtained. Among the key highlights of my contribution to the knowledge base is the development of scenarios as double stimulation tools for the emerging local farming activity system which emanates from the new model solutions resulting from change laboratory workshops. To the best of my knowledge, this was the first time rural communities were engaged in scenario development in Malawi. The first scenarios of this type were developed in 2010 for the Malawi State of Environment and Outlook Report and the process involved middle to senior managers of various institutions in Malawi. Through historical analysis, my research identified local crops that existed in the past but which are currently non-existent or rare. My study also identified unique local farming practices that even puzzled professionals, including the use of ripe banana peels of makumbuka and sukari to eradicate nansongole grass and native bamboos respectively. Both plant species are considered a nuisance in that they colonize land for cultivation. A breakthrough for radical transformation of local farming practices via informal learning requires development and review of relevant policies in Malawi. Such a process requires evidence. This research has provided background information for this process. For those policies already developed, this research has provided information that can help guide implementation of the generalized list of activities outlined in implementation plans of the respective policies.
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Ingqumbo yomthondo kukuzika kohlanga

  • Authors: Mtirara, Zodwa
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Women and literature , Feminism and literature , Gender identity in literature , Masculinity in literature , Sex role in literature , Xhosa poetry , South African poetry (English) , Sex discrimination against women
  • Language: Xhosa, English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/154095 , vital:39562
  • Description: Le yingqokelela yemibongo ebhentsisa ukutyeshelwa kobuntu nobuchule bamanina yinkolo yobuKrestu, kunye nenkolo yemveli okanye inkolo yesiNtu. Ikwenza oku ngokwaphula imithetho nemigaqo siseko yenkolo yobuKrestu nesiNtu sakwaXhosa malunga nokufanelekileyo ukuba owasetyhini akuthethe okanye akwenze. Ikwabhentsisa nokuhlukunyezwa kwabasetyhini, ibuza nemibuzo ngesimo esizifumana sikuso mva-nje. Ichukunyiswe bubomi bam kanye nobamanye amanina endiphila nawo ekuhlaleni. Ikubhentsisa ke oku ngokungenalusini njengoko imbongi uLesego Rampolokeng esenza. Izeka mzekweni ezibhalweni zooNtozakhe Shange, Diane Di Prima, Lidia Yuknavitch, noWame Molefhe. Iphikisa indlela ekubhalwe ngayo ngamanina ngooMema nooJolobe, isenza oko uNontsizi Mgqwetho angazange ade afikelele ukukwenza njengombhali wasetyhini.
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Initiating biological control for Nymphaea mexicana zuccarini (Nymphaeaceae) in South Africa

  • Authors: Reid, Megan
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Nymphaea mexicana zuccarini -- Biological control -- South Africa , Nymphaeaceae -- Biological control -- South Africa , Invasive plants -- Biological control -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144510 , vital:38352
  • Description: Nymphaea mexicana Zuccarini (Nymphaeaceae) is an aquatic plant originating from south-eastern USA that is becoming increasingly invasive in South Africa as other invasive aquatic plants are being managed successfully through biological control. Mechanical and chemical control of aquatic weeds is expensive, damaging to the environment, and only effective in the short term, so biological control is more desirable as a management strategy for N. mexicana. The biological control of invasive alien plants requires that agents are host specific so that non-target risks are mitigated. For success to be achieved, it is important to ensure that the genetic structure of invasive populations is clarified so that agents can be collected from populations in the native range that match genetically to populations in the invasive range. This is especially important in cases where the morphology of invasive alien plants does not reflect genetic differences between populations. A previous study of the genetic structure of the invasive populations of N. mexicana in South Africa suggests the presence of hybrid forms of the plant in South Africa, with only one of these populations matching with samples from the native range. However, the study only used samples from two sites in the native range using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), so it was necessary to conduct further genetic analyses using samples from more sites in the native range. Hence, the first aim of this study was to develop a better understanding of the genetic structure of N. mexicana populations in the native and invaded range. Genetic samples were collected from sites in the native range during field surveys for potential biological control agents, and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) were used to compare the genetic structure of invasive and native populations of N. mexicana in South Africa. The results from these analyses suggest that seven of the 14 investigated invasive populations of N. mexicana in South Africa are genetically similar to populations in the native range, while the remaining seven populations are likely to be hybrid forms of the plant. This knowledge will be useful to target populations for biological control and highlights the need for further genetic analyses to determine the parentage of these hybrids so that biological control efforts are more likely to be successful. The initiation of a biological control programme requires that a series of steps are taken in order to maximise the likelihood that this form of intervention will be successful. The first few steps include: identification of the target weed and its genetic structure; exploration in the native range for potential biological control agents; and prioritisation of these agents based on factors such as climatic and genetic compatibility, feeding damage, abundance, and likely host range. Hence, the second aim of this study was to conduct surveys for potential biological control agents in the native range of N. mexicana, and to prioritise these agents. Field surveys were conducted between August and October in 2018 at 17 sites in Florida, Louisiana, and Texas, USA. Sites were selected based on climatic similarity of native sites compared to invasive sites by use of MaxEnt modelling. Native N. mexicana plants were searched for natural enemies, and these were prioritised based on feeding damage, abundance, incidence, and observations of field host range. Two species were prioritised: Bagous americanus LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Megamelus toddi Beamer (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). These species will be imported into quarantine facilities at Rhodes University for host specificity tests to be conducted. Understanding the factors that contribute to the successful establishment of biological control agents is important to improve the efficiency and reduce the costs incurred during the initiation of biological control programmes. Acquiring knowledge of the factors that predict the efficacy of biological control agents is similarly important, and these factors are discussed in the last chapter of this study. The challenges of the biological control of hybrids are also considered, and recommendations are made for the control of N. mexicana and other plants in South Africa.
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Institutional culture and internationalisation: a study of Black African academics’ experiences at Rhodes University

Integrating local knowledge when mediating learning of food preservation in a Namibian multicultural Grade 6 class

  • Authors: Shetunyenga, Shetunyenga Fillipus
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Food -- Preservation -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- Namibia , Ethnoscience -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- Namibia , Ethnoscience -- Namibia , Education, Elementary -- Namibia , Multicultural education -- Namibia
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/163602 , vital:41052
  • Description: The challenge posed by multicultural classrooms has been acknowledged in many studies. Some scholars believe that the knowledge learners bring to school from their homes or community forms a basis for the knowledge to be acquired at school. That is, if learners’ cultural experiences and/or indigenous knowledge are integrated into teaching of science, learners might make good sense of science. Even though the Namibian National Curriculum has responded well to the calls of recognising and integrating indigeno us knowledge during teaching and learning, it has failed to provide guidance on how this should be done. Therefore, there is a need to minimise the gap between the intention of the National Curriculum and the implementation of this intended curriculum at classroom level. It is against this background that this study sought to investigate whether or not learners’ conceptions and attitudes are influenced by integrating local or indigenous knowledge when teaching food preservation in a Namibian multicultural classroom context. Underpinned by an interpretive paradigm, the study took the form of a mixed-method case study approach. It was conducted at an urban combined school in the Oshana region, Namibia. The sample consisted of 29 Grade 6 learners doing Agricultural Science, the grade 6 Agricultural Science teacher and four community members from different cultural groups. The community members were invited to demonstrate how they culturally preserve mahangu (wheat), fish, milk, and meat in their respective cultures. Data were generated using the pre-and post-intervention questionnaires, a group activity, observations (videotaped lessons) and learners’ journal reflections. Quantitative data from the pre- and post-intervention questionnaires were analysed deductively and presented in tables and graphs. On the other hand, a thematic approach was used to inductively analyse qualitative data, where Vygotsky’s (1978) socio-cultural theory was used as a theoretical lens focusing on culture, mediation, and social interactions. The findings of this study revealed that learners’ conceptions, attitudes, and interest shifted positively as a result of the integration of local or indigenous knowledge on food preservation. Additionally, during the presentations by the community members, learners were actively engaged, asking questions and showing interest in learning about other cultures. The study thus recommends that Agricultural Science or science teachers should, where possible, make efforts to integrate local or indigenous knowledge in their multicultural classrooms.
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Invasion status and impact potential of Florida bass Micropterus floridanus in South Africa

  • Authors: Khosa, Dumisani
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Micropterus floridanus , Florida largemouth bass -- South Africa , Black bass -- South Africa , Micropterus floridanus -- South Africa -- Habitat , Florida largemouth bass -- South Africa -- Habitat , Black bass -- South Africa -- Habitat , Introduced fishes -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165733 , vital:41276
  • Description: In South Africa, the introduction of alien fishes was largely driven by the development of recreational fishing opportunities. Government-backed programmes resulted in the introduction of four Black Bass species: Micropterus salmoides, Micropterus dolomieu, Micropterus punctulatus and Micropterus floridanus. These species are regarded as the primary threat to native biota and there is an urgent need to assess their spread and impacts. This thesis focuses on: assessing the current distribution of all four Black Basses; using genetic techniques to establish the extent of hybridisation between M. salmoides and M. floridanus, and using functional responses to assess the impact potential of M. salmoides and M. floridanus under the context dependence of temperatures and habitat complexity. Maximum entropy modelling of habitat suitability for Black Bass highlighted that M. salmoides had broad climatic suitability across South Africa, while suitability for M. dolomieu and M. punctulatus was restricted to the Cape Fold Ecoregion. An extensive area-based invasion debt was observed for all Micropterus spp. To better understand the dynamics of hybridisation between M. salmoides and M. floridanus, 38 species-diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism was used to screen Black Bass populations from the Breede River and Kowie River catchments. Micropterus salmoides alleles were more prevalent than M. floridanus in both the Breede River catchments (69.1% and 30.9%, respectively) and Kowie River catchments (63.3% and 36.7%, respectively). However, isolated populations found in dams (reservoirs) remained free from hybridisation. To compare resource utilisation (i.e. per capita effects) between M. salmoides and M. floridanus, two experimental chapters were designed. Chapter 4 focuses on how temperature mitigates per capita effects between the two Black Basses. There was a significant decrease in per capita effects for M. salmoides with increasing temperatures, while the converse was true for M. floridanus. Chapter 5 gives an account of the influence of habitat complexity on per capita effects. The results showed that habitat complexity did mitigate per capita effects, specifically on M. floridanus, which showed a significant drop in per capita effects; however, no significant difference was recorded for M. salmoides. In the two experimental chapters, M. floridanus exhibited a superior per capita effect compared to M. salmoides, implying higher predation impact on native biota.
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Investigating conceptual teaching of word problems through visualisation processes: a case of selected Grad 9 mathematics teachers

  • Authors: John, Ssennyomo Bernard
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa , Pythagorean theorem -- Study and teaching (Secondary) , Mathematics teachers -- South Africa , Visualization
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/167497 , vital:41486
  • Description: This study investigated how selected grade 9 mathematics teachers used visualisation strategies to conceptually teach Pythagoras' theorem word problems as a result of an intervention program. This research project is an integral component of the ViProMaths project whose goal is to research the effective use of visualisation strategies in the mathematics classroom in the Southern African region. This case study of mathematics teachers in the John Taolo Gaetsewe (JTG) District in the Northern Cape Province, used a social constructivist theory. The study is grounded within an interpretive paradigm and used an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. It surveyed eighty-seven mathematics teachers from all the secondary schools in the JTG District, focusing on their experiences when using visualisation approaches to teach Pythagoras’ theorem word problems. After the survey, three teachers purposively selected from three different schools in the district took part in the intervention programme. I used a survey questionnaire, classroom observations and interviews to collect the data from the study participants. The data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings from survey data revealed that while teachers in the JTG District acknowledge the importance and value of visualisation strategies in the teaching of Pythagoras’ theorem word problems, many of them are either using visuals minimally or not using them at all. Challenges such as lack of resources in schools, time constrains, a lack of support from subject advisers, among others were noted. This thus necessitated a need for an intervention with some teachers in the district, specifically focusing on the use of visualisation tools and skills to teach Pythagoras’ theorem word problems for conceptual understanding. Lessons observations showed that all observed teachers used visual models to generate images and used the models to develop mathematical ideas. The teachers used the images to create platforms for classroom discussions. The discussions were driven by questions which teachers asked both for ascertaining learners’ prior knowledge and for finding out if they understood what the teachers were teaching. Interviews revealed that teachers’ perceptions had changed because they now know how to make and use different models to build on learners’ prior knowledge, extend what they are teaching to real life and make sense of Pythagoras’ proposition in multiple ways and to establish connections among a rich set of mathematics concepts when teaching Pythagoras’ theorem word problems. This study concludes that the use of visual strategies has the potential of enhancing conceptual teaching of Pythagoras’ theorem word problems. The implications for teachers are that learners need to be taught how to create visual representations (both internally and externally) of the relations between objects in a word problem as this will help them in maximising understanding. Furthermore, it is hoped that the results of this study could be used by various stake holders who include inter alia, mathematics subject advisers and teacher training institutions to improve the teaching of Pythagoras’ theorem word problems.
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Investigating how teacher leadership can be developed among teachers in a rural school Namibia

  • Authors: Shapange, Laban
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Technical education -- South Africa , Vocational education -- South Africa , Educational leadership -- South Africa , Postsecondary education -- South Africa -- Administration
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144728 , vital:38374
  • Description: In established democracies, the notion of ‘singular’ school leadership practised by the principal has been challenged and a more expansive approach to leadership, which includes teacher leadership, is now widely accepted. However, in Namibia, as with many countries on the African continent, the idea of ‘singular’ school leadership embedded in the position of principal still prevails. Effective leadership is generally accepted as being core to effective school improvement. The evidence from the school improvement literature constantly highlights that productive leaders exercise an indirect influence on a school’s ability and potential to improve and enhance the achievement of learners. This influence does not necessarily come from senior managers only, but partly lies in the strength of middle level leaders and teachers. Research has shown that when teachers assume shared leadership in the redesign of the school, mentor their colleagues, engage in problem solving at the school level and provide professional growth opportunities for their colleagues, they can be effective in bringing about positive change. These findings triggered my interest to study the potential of this approach to teacher leadership development in Namibia. In this context, this study investigated how teacher leadership can be developed among the teachers in a combined school in rural Namibia. The study examined both the understanding of the concept and the practices of teacher leadership among the teachers and school management team and also aimed at bringing about transformation in their practice. The study was a qualitative case study, which took an interventionist approach, framed by Cultural Historical Activity Theory as the theoretical and analytical framework. In addition, the study also used Grant’s Model of Teacher Leadership as an analytical tool. Eleven teachers and three members of the management team took part in the study as research participants and were selected by means of the purposive sampling method. Data were generated from two different phases. The first phase of the study examined perceptions and practices of leadership, while in the second phase of the study, a series of intervention Change Laboratory Workshops were conducted. Document analysis, observations, focus group interviews and closed-ended questionnaires were used as data gathering tools. The study lasted for a period of six weeks. Data were analysed using inductive and abductive approaches. The main findings of the study revealed that teacher leadership is understood as an ability to influence and inspire both learners and other teachers. Furthermore, although the participants demonstrated an understanding of teacher leadership as a concept, their understanding of teacher leaders’ roles was more on classroom management and control of learners. Teacher leadership development was understood as the process of empowering teachers to take-up various roles and delegated functions through school structures such as committees and within the community. The study further revealed a number of cultural-historic contextual tensions that led to constraints of teacher leadership practice in the case study school. For example, school management team members were seen as a barrier to teacher leadership practice and development. Factors such as limited involvement of teachers in decision-making in the school and lack of school-based continuous professional development programmes for teachers emerged as causes that constrained teacher leadership practice and development in the case study school. The Change Laboratory Workshop findings suggested that in the participants’ view, the revival of the different school committees would especially make a positive contribution to teacher leadership practice and development at the case study school.
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Investigating meaningful and critical teaching of poetry in English First Additional Language: a case of two Grade 11 classrooms in Lusikisiki District, Eastern Cape

  • Authors: Dlamini, Sibongile Melody
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Poetry -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Lusikisiki , Second language acquisition , Critical discourse analysis , Literacy -- South Africa -- Lusikisiki , Culturally relevant pedagogy -- South Africa -- Lusikisiki
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/130636 , vital:36449
  • Description: Poetry stands out among literary genres as a rich resource for language teaching and learning (Danesh & Shirkhani, 2015). However, according to some reports on Grade 12 English First Additional Language in the Eastern Cape, poetry is a particularly challenging genre to both teachers and learners. This background has given rise to this study, which aimed to investigate the critical and meaningful teaching of poetry in Grade 11, a class preparing learners for Grade 12. This interpretive qualitative case study drew on Vygotsky’s (1978) socio-cultural theory of cognitive development, which states that learners’ best knowledge is produced when co-operative learning takes place, with the help of the teacher. Purposive sampling was used to select two high schools from Lusikisiki district in the Eastern Cape, and one Grade 11 class and one teacher from each school. Lesson observations, document analysis, semi-structured interviews with the teachers, and focus group discussions with the learners were used to collect data. Cultural-Historical Activity Theory, Critical Discourse Analysis, Dutta’s (2001) model of poetry learning, as well as insights from Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory were used to analyse data. In addition, Four Reader Roles by Freebody and Luke (1990) were employed as a data analysis tool to find out the degree to which the poetry teaching developed learners into code breakers, text users, text participants and text analysts. The data revealed that both teachers and learners had a limited understanding of and negative attitudes towards poetry, and this affects the way teachers teach as well as how learners learn poetry. It also indicated that a teacher-centred approach constrains meaning and critical poetry teaching and learning. The findings suggested that in place of the traditional way of poetry teaching, teachers need to learn, develop and use innovative teaching strategies to strengthen poetry understanding in learners.
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Investigating visual literacy development through advertisements: a case of Grade 7 English Language Teaching in Mount Frere District, Eastern Cape

  • Authors: Mbuqe, Zolile Patrick
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Visual literacy , English language -- Study and teaching -- Audio-visual aids , Second language acquisition -- South Africa , English language -- Study and teaching -- Activity programs , Advertising -- Study and teaching , Visual learning , English language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143458 , vital:38248
  • Description: Although the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement lists visual literacy as one of the aspects of English First Additional Language in Grades 4-12, many teachers face challenges in teaching it. This study aimed to investigate visual literacy development through advertisements. Drawing on Cultural Historical Activity Theory, this qualitative intervention designed two research phases in which data was collected and analysed. The first phase, a pre-intervention, included lesson observation, analysis of documents and post-lesson semi-structured interviews. Based on Phase One findings and using advertisements as an entry point in developing visual literacy, Phase Two occurred at a change laboratory workshop and engaged eight teachers with the dynamics of meaning making and teaching. This data was analysed using elements of social semiotics and Serafini’s resource practices. The key findings are that despite low visual literacy understanding and practices, rigorous formative intervention indicated advancement in teachers’ understanding of visual literacy. In addition, through this intervention, teachers developed agency in dealing with schooling adversities such as lack of resources and knowledge hence further formative intervention research in visual literacy is recommended for both EFAL subject advisors and teachers.
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Investigation into the influence of an alien plant species on the soil microbiota of the sub-Antarctic, Marion Island

  • Authors: Pienaar, Robert Daniel
  • Date: 2020
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124039 , vital:35531
  • Description: Embargo applied. Embargo period to expire in April of 2021.
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Investigations into biological control options for Lycium ferocissimum Miers, African Boxthorn (Solanaceae) for Australia

  • Authors: Mauda, Evans Vusani
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Lycium ferocissimum , Solanaceae -- Biological control -- Australia , Weeds -- Control -- Australia , Invasive plants -- Biological control -- Australia , Insects as biological pest control agents -- Australia , Insect-plant relationships
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/167142 , vital:41441
  • Description: Lycium ferocissimum Miers (Solanaceae) (African boxthorn or boxthorn) is a shrub native to South Africa,and has become naturalised and invasive in Australia and New Zealand. The plant is listed on the Noxious Weed List for Australian States and territories. Although other control methods are available, biological control presents a potentially sustainable intervention for reducing populations of this weed in Australia. In South Africa, the plant has been recorded from two allopatric populations, one in the Eastern Cape Province, the other in the Western Cape Provinces, however, there taxonomic and morphological uncertainties are reported in the literature. Therefore, before native range surveys for potential biological control agents could be considered, the taxonomic uncertainty needed to be resolved. The two geographically distinct areas, as well as the Australia population were sampled to assess morphological and genetic variation. All samples collected in Australia were confirmed as L.ferocissimum, with no evidence of hybridisation with any other Lycium species. Nuclear and chloroplast genetic diversity within L.ferocissimum across South Africa was high, and Australia was low, with no evidence of genetic seperation. One ehaplotypes found across Australia was found at only two sites in South Africa, both in the Western Cape, suggesting that the Australian lineage may have originated from this region. Ten samples from South Africa, putatively identified in the field as L.ferocissimum, were genetically characterised as different (unidentified) Lycium species. The majority of plants sampled were confirmed as L.ferocissimum, sharing a common haplotype (haplotype 5) with sampled specimens from Australia. Morphological analyses across different Lycium species in South Africa did not identify any leaf or floral characteristics unique to L.ferocissimum, and thus morphological identification in the native range remains problematic. Surveys for phytophagous in sects on L.ferocissimum were carried out regularly over a two-year period in the two regions. The number of insect species found in the Eastern Cape Province (55) was higher than in the Western Cape Province (41), but insect diversity based on Shannon indices was highest in the Western Cape Province. Indicator species analysis revealed eight insect herbivore species driving the differences in the herbivore communities between the two provinces. Based on insect distribution, abundance, feeding preference and available literature, three species were prioritised as potential biological control agents. These include the leaf-chewing beetles, Cassida distinguenda Spaeth (Chrysomelidae) and Cleta eckloni Mulsant (Coccinellidae), and the leaf-mining weevil, Neoplatygaster serietuberculata Gyllenhal (Curculionidae). Native range studies such as this are perhaps the most technically difficult and logistically time-consuming part of the biological control programme. Yet, the entire outcome of a programme depends on the suite of potential agents feeding on the weed. The information gained during this stage significantly contributed to the prioritization of agents for further host-range testing and possible release. Here we showed how molecular and genetic characterisations of the target weed can be us ed to accurately define the identity and phylogeny of the target species. In addition, the study also highlighted the importance of considering plant morphology and how phenotypic plasticity may influence infield plant identifications while conducting native range surveys. By gaining further information during long-term and wide spread native range surveys we were not just able to provide a list of herbivorous insect fauna and fungi associated with the plant, but were able to prioritise the phytophagous species that held the most potential as biological control agents.
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IsiXhosa as the language of teaching and learning mathematics in Grade Six: investigating the mother tongue based bilingual education mathematics pilot in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

  • Authors: Mbude, Naledi Ntombizanele
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa , Education, Bilingual -- South Africa , Native language and education -- South Africa , Language policy -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PHD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143262 , vital:38215
  • Description: This study is an investigation on lessons learnt when the language of learners is maintained for teaching and learning mathematics beyond Grade 3 for another 3 years. It is undertaken in Cofimvaba, a rural village of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. We investigate lessons that can be learnt from the Mother Tongue based- Bilingual Education (MTbBE) strategy, that can be replicated. South Africa post-1994 has a Language-in-Education Policy (1997) that provides for the use of all official languages as Languages of Teaching and Learning (LoLT), this has remained on paper as the schooling system focusses on an early –exit model of three years of the Mother Tongue Education (MTE) for the Foundation Phase (FP) then exit to English instruction in Grade 4; this applies to African language learners only. English and Afrikaans speakers have mother tongue education from cradle to university; a benefit they have enjoyed pre- and post-apartheid. Various studies have been conducted to understand the relationship between language and mathematics learning as it is crucial to design mathematics instruction for students who are English Learners (ELs) and/or bilingual. However, in South Africa, there had not been a direct exploration of the achievement of learners in mathematics when their mother tongue is used and sustained throughout the first six years of learning mathematics, while English is a supportive resource. This is the focus of this study. The study lends itself to the adoption of a mixed methods design (QUALT+QUANT), while also employing documents, observation and test scores of learners to obtain data. Content analysis and thematic analysis approaches were used in analyzing the qualitative-type data while a statistical approach was used in the analysis of quantitative data. The main aim of the study was to establish whether in the Cofimvaba pilot, there is any evidence to make a case for extending Mother Tongue Based-bilingual Education (MTBBE) beyond Grade 3 for black African children. Another aim, was to highlight and document the effort that was the first of its kind in South Africa, undertaken in a small rural area to develop isiXhosa as language of Mathematics and Science. The most salient of this effort was the fact that it was underpinned by deliberate theoretical and empirical foundations central to language policy and planning. The finding of this study is that the use of isiXhosa for MTbBE was effective for boosting mathematical and science skills in the mother tongue and English in Grade 6 as demonstrated in Chapter 7 and 8. Lastly, this study demonstrates the power of political will and how a decision backed by financial investment can transform the wider system despite the challenges of transformation. For the first time in the history of education; a poor department has stuck to its guns; unwearied by the negativity surrounding the development of African languages. It committed to the cause of improving the academic achievement of the poorest of the poor. Historically, in implementing a Mathematics Curriculum, the Department of Education (both officials and teachers) has never efficiently implemented the LiEP (1997) in the manner spelt out in its policy documents viz, multilingualism as the norm. The focus has been on a perspective of learners who are learning and must English, then mathematics and ways to get them to know English at all costs. This view creates inequities in the classroom because it places emphasis on what learners don’t know or can’t do. In contrast, this study proposes a sociocultural perspective that shifts away from deficiency models of bilingual learners and instead focuses on describing the resources bilingual students use to communicate mathematically (Moskovich, 1988). Without this shift we will have a limited view of these learners and will design instruction that neglects the competencies they bring to mathematics classrooms. If, instead, we learn to recognize the mathematical ideas these students express in spite of their accents, code-switching, or missing vocabulary, then instruction can build on students’ competencies and resources (Moskovich, 1998). This study recommends a plethora of strategies that must be taken by the Department of Education to widen epistemological access to mathematics for African language learners using MTbBE as a viable strategy.
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It's my hand that wrote!

  • Authors: Magade, Mncedi
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142551 , vital:38090
  • Description: This collection of short stories experiments with the idea of the text as it constitutes the world just as much as it is constituted by the world. These short stories use the text as a way to respond to struggles faced by people whose identities do not conform to society’s standards. The stories in here navigate between fantastic and experiential writing which allows the text to speak in its own language. The writing is influenced by that of Mthuthuzeli Matshoba for the realist approach in telling the stories. Ayi Kwei Armah’s writing in Fragments for experientialism that focuses on the dead and the living and which makes specific references to the idea of home – particularly for those who always find it hard to belong. And that of Bruce Sterling’s creation of explosive imagery in science fiction that sticks in the reader’s mind as portrayed in his short story we see things differently. Angela Carter’s brilliance in writing short stories and her approach to magical realism has also been a powerful influence. In telling these stories using a hybrid/fluid approach, I hope to come to terms with being a different “being”. It is to find ways of telling myself that it is okay to be queer, that to be a misfit is no sin. To say this in a language that gives meaning to my own struggles of being. This work is a combination of three disjointed moments of the narrator’s life experiences which are exposed in three sections; It’s My Hand That Wrote, (Un)Tying The Knot and Thoughts. The aim of creating these three moments is to let the reader dive a variety of “truths” of the narrator’s life, instead of aiming to achieve a coherent single “Truth” about one’s life. It’s My Hand That Wrote explores both the unusual and inconsistency of life in a chaotic but explorative fashion.
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Johannesburg as dystopia: South African science fiction as political criticism

  • Authors: Kirsten, Ashton Lauren
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Science fiction, South African -- History and criticism , Johannesburg (South Africa) -- Fiction , Science fiction films -- History and criticism , Dystopias in literature , Dystopian films , Politics in literature , Politics in motion pictures , Beukes, Lauren -- Zoo City , Blomkamp, Neill, 1979- -- Chappie , Miller, Andrew K., 1974 or 1975- -- Dub steps
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147671 , vital:38659
  • Description: This thesis will interrogate the spatial dynamics and configurations of one of the country’s most prominent cities: Johannesburg. Johannesburg has been, and continues to be, a central focus in the nation’s imaginary. There is a trend within South African science fiction (sf) – both literature and film – to portray Johannesburg as a dystopian, post-law, poverty-stricken space as a means of conceptualising the socioeconomic situation within the country. This study will isolate Johannesburg-based works of sf and interrogate why authors and filmmakers disproportionately return to this setting. Investigated are three contemporary works, namely, Zoo City (2010) by Lauren Beukes, Neill Blomkamp’s film, Chappie (2015), and Dub Steps (2015) by Andrew Miller. This study explores the ways in which South African works of sf serve as social and political critique in the post-apartheid era of financial disparity, the formation of new boundaries, divisions of space and privilege, and the dereliction of critical infrastructure. The primary methodology of this thesis is that of Marxist literary analysis (specifically with reference to Louis Althusser’s theoretical models), which will be conducted alongside discussions of authentic history of the country as well as political developments in order to illustrate how South African sf critically engages with, and succinctly critiques, its context. The aesthetics of African sf are inseparable from the politics of the past and the current moment and through the aesthetics of the future, South Africans can reimagine the politics of the now. This study therefore also revisits a selection of non-sf Johannesburg-set novels published post-1925 and argues that these texts can be studied as early examples of South African dystopian writing. In doing so, this study illustrates that dystopian writing about and in South Africa is not an advent of the 21st century, but an extension of a long history of critical engagement. This thesis suggests that the dystopian genre is helpful in reframing the issues of the present (and the past) so that some form of meaningful change is theorized. The underlying impulse of dystopian cultural production is ultimately hopeful: a worse context is imagined to warn society of its follies so that these shortcomings and issues can be corrected, thereby avoiding the disastrous world(s) portrayed in the fiction. In this way, this study contends that local sf should not be inextricably linked to the melancholia that thoughts of dystopia bring about. Rather, the nuanced criticism contained within these dystopian texts is testament to the country’s ever-enduring spirit of change and transformation.
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Journeying home, exile and transnationalism in Noni Jabavu and Sisonke Msimang’s memoirs

  • Authors: Masola, Athambile
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Home in literature , Exile (Punishment) in literature , Women authors, Black -- South Africa -- History and criticism , Jabavu, Noni -- Criticism and interpretation , Msimang, Sisonke -- Criticism and interpretation
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/166529 , vital:41376
  • Description: This thesis examines the memoirs of two South Africa female writers: Noni Jabavu and Sisonke Msimang. In analysing their memoirs, this thesis sets out to contribute to the scholarship which centres the voices of Black women writers. It explores how both writers interrogate the concepts of home, exile and transnationalism. My focus is on the ways in which the writers theorise questions of belonging, and the extent to which their writing provides the opportunity to give voice to the complex nature of belonging. I read the narratives from these two writers alongside each other, as Noni Jabavu is Sisonke Msimang’s literary ancestor. By looking at their works alongside each other, this thesis becomes an intergenerational conversation between the past and the present. Using Black feminist thought and migratory subjectivity, this thesis examines the ways in which these writers connect the personal and the political. Noni and Sisonke navigate the private spaces of home in conversation with the political experience of exile and the nation. In the second chapter, I explore home as ekhaya, isizwe and an imaginary homeland. Ekhaya is the isiXhosa word denoting the family home, where there is a network of family rather than a nuclear family. Home is also isizwe: the isiXhosa word which evokes the nation state, which takes on layered meanings in the context of colonialism and apartheid. Home can also be an imaginary homeland, which is an imagined version of home after a long absence such as exile. In the third chapter, I examine three forms of exile: internal exile, estrangement and political exile. Finally, in chapter four, I analyse transnationalism: a border-crossing which raises questions of power, mobility and kinship. Looking at home, exile and transnationalism together allows for an exploration which challenges taken-for-granted ideas about place and identity. These memoirs illuminate the ways in which Black women constitute and reconstitute their identities according to the places which they access through travel.
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Khoekhoe lexical borrowing in Namaqualand Afrikaans

  • Authors: Christie, Camilla Rose
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Code switching (Linguistics) , Afrikaans language -- Foreign elements -- Nama , Nama language -- Foreign elements -- Afrikaans , Afrikaans language -- Phonology , Nama language -- Phonology
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/168385 , vital:41576
  • Description: Although several languages in the Khoekhoe branch were historically spoken alongside Afrikaans in bilingual speech communities throughout the Western and Northern Cape, the last century has seen abrupt and catastrophic language loss, resulting in a shift from a bilingual to a monolingual paradigm. However, a number of ethnobotanical surveys conducted in the Namaqualand region of the Northern Cape over the last forty years have recorded the retention of Khoekhoe-branch plant names by monolingual Afrikaans speakers. Such surveys make no attempt to source these loanwords to their Khoekhoe-branch targets, do not make use of the standardised Namibian Khoekhoe orthography, and often resort to transcribing loaned click consonants using only ‘t’. This study undertakes a sociohistorical linguistic investigation into the etymological origins and contemporary usage of these loaned plant names in order to develop a clearer understanding of language contact and lexical borrowing in the Namaqualand region. Following the lexicographical compilation of a representative corpus of loanwords, this study conducts a series of semi-structured interviews with monolingual speakers of Namaqualand Afrikaans. Qualitative sociolinguistic analysis of these interviews reveals that, although loanwords are perceived to be of Nama origin, they are semantically opaque beyond pragmatic reference. Preliminary phonological observations identify a loss of phonemic contrastivity in loaned clicks coupled with a high incidence of variability, and suggest epenthetic stop insertion and epenthetic nasalisation as two possible strategies facilitating click loan. Synthesising these ob servations, this study speculates that the use of loanwords hosting clicks may enjoy a degree of covert prestige in Namaqualand Afrikaans, which may in turn shed light on historical sociolinguistic processes of click diffusion. It recommends that urgent and immediate attention be focused on the usage, sociolinguistic status, and regional variation of Nama within the Northern Cape, and advocates strongly for cooperation and improved communication between linguists and ethnobotanists.
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