A critical review of some of Roald Dahl's books for children, with particular reference to a 'subversive' element in his writing, some responses to his work and its place in the education of the child
- Authors: Van Renen, Charles Gerard
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Dahl, Roald -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1486 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003367
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Van Renen, Charles Gerard
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Dahl, Roald -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1486 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003367
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
A phenomenological analysis of the psychological manifestations of ontic conscience as derived from Heidegger's ontological conception of that phenomenon
- Authors: Parker, Michael Alan
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Conscience , Heidegger, Martin, 1889-1976
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2911 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002076
- Description: The aim of this study was to investigate ontic conscience, as derived from Heidegger's ontological conception of conscience, as it is lived in concrete experience. Having established, through a close examination of Heidegger's writings on conscience, a question which would elicit actual experience of this phenomenon, the researcher collected sixty-four written accounts of these experiences. Of these he chose the four psychologically richest accounts and, having interviewed each of these four subjects on his situated experience, analysed in detail (using the phenomenological method) the resulting protocols comprising the written accounts and interviews. He then explicated the structure of conscience within its context of authenticity and inauthenticity. The context of conscience was discovered to be such that the person, having surrendered himself to others' experience and expectations of him, lives a pretence in the service of (inauthentically) being-for-others. He loses his sense of (bodily) self in the process, and it is at this point of his living at the extremes of inauthenticity, that he is forced to realise his own (authentic) reality which he has hitherto been concealing both from himself and from others. His primary attunement is reflected in feelings of betrayal, guilt, shame, dread and ambivalence. Through openly and resolutely living his authentic experience, he heals the rupture in his existence between what is revealed (his being-for-others) and what is concealed (his authentic experience), and feels liberated in so doing. This structure of conscience was dialogued with the writings of existential and psychoanalytic philosophers and psychologists in the context of discussing particular areas of psychological significance such as self, others, meaning, awareness and psychotherapy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Parker, Michael Alan
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Conscience , Heidegger, Martin, 1889-1976
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2911 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002076
- Description: The aim of this study was to investigate ontic conscience, as derived from Heidegger's ontological conception of conscience, as it is lived in concrete experience. Having established, through a close examination of Heidegger's writings on conscience, a question which would elicit actual experience of this phenomenon, the researcher collected sixty-four written accounts of these experiences. Of these he chose the four psychologically richest accounts and, having interviewed each of these four subjects on his situated experience, analysed in detail (using the phenomenological method) the resulting protocols comprising the written accounts and interviews. He then explicated the structure of conscience within its context of authenticity and inauthenticity. The context of conscience was discovered to be such that the person, having surrendered himself to others' experience and expectations of him, lives a pretence in the service of (inauthentically) being-for-others. He loses his sense of (bodily) self in the process, and it is at this point of his living at the extremes of inauthenticity, that he is forced to realise his own (authentic) reality which he has hitherto been concealing both from himself and from others. His primary attunement is reflected in feelings of betrayal, guilt, shame, dread and ambivalence. Through openly and resolutely living his authentic experience, he heals the rupture in his existence between what is revealed (his being-for-others) and what is concealed (his authentic experience), and feels liberated in so doing. This structure of conscience was dialogued with the writings of existential and psychoanalytic philosophers and psychologists in the context of discussing particular areas of psychological significance such as self, others, meaning, awareness and psychotherapy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
A preliminary investigation into the use of computers in the teaching of mathematics
- Van Hille, Gilles Ernst Willem
- Authors: Van Hille, Gilles Ernst Willem
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Computer-assisted instruction Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Data processing Mathematics -- Study and teaching -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1844 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004382
- Description: Like many South African high school mathematics teachers I have followed the development of computers with interest and I have tried wherever possible to gain some experience on them. Thus when microcomputers became more readily available the mathematics department at our school, Graeme College in Grahamstown, motivated for the school to acquire this powerful new tool. The eventual outcome was that the Old Boys' Association donated to the school 3 BBC B microcomputers with monitors, a disc drive, a printer and two tape recorders. These have now been in the school for three years. The acquisition prompted this research project which takes the following form:- 1) An investigation into some of the uses of microcomputers in schools and, in particular, in the mathematics classroom. 2) A statement on the present position adopted by the Cape Education Department on the use of computers in schools. 3) A study of what the experience has been in other countries, particularly in Britain and the United States of America. 4) A description of an investigation which was undertaken at our school using the method of Action Research and Triangulation. Its aim was to investigate the feasibility of using a microcomputer to aid in the teaching of mathematics and the reaction of the pupils to this innovation. Three different approaches were implemented. a) The algorithmic approach: In this investigation a class of standard eight pupils were required, with the help of the teacher, to write, enter and test a short computer program which would solve any pair of simultaneous linear equations of the form, ax + by = c. Their reaction to this form of instruction was noted by myself and a non-participant observer. The pupils themselves were also asked to express their reactions, both verbally and by filling in a prepared questionnaire. Examples of worksheets, exam questions and analysed questionnaires are given in the appendix. Short programs which examine various other mathematical concepts are also listed and discussed. b) The audio-visual approach: In this case use was made of a graphs software package in which the computer would draw either a straight line, circle, parabola or hyperbola when the appropriate variables were entered. This package also includes a graph game facility where participants are required to find the equation of the graph which will pass through three given points. Points are awarded if the correct type of graph is chosen and the variables are entered within a certain time interval. The pupils involved in this investigation were standard eight higher grade mathematics pupils and their reaction to this form of instruction was again noted using the methods described in (a) above. c) Computer Aided Instruction: Here I was most fortunate to be able to make use of the Rhodes University PLATO Centre. This allowed me to take a class of eighteen standard eight higher grade mathematics pupils to the Centre. Here during four sessions, each of just over an hour, the pupils interacted with the software on the computer terminal. The software used was a set of five lessons written by Barbara Lederman of the Community College Maths Group, of the University of Illinois in 1976. The lessons give instruction and require the pupils to transform, plot and draw the graphs of linear equations of the form, ax + by + c = 0, x = c and y = b. They are also taught and required to find the equations of given straight lines. Their reactions to this form of instruction are discussed after each session. 5) In conclusion some thoughts are given on how computers can best be utilised in the school situation, with particular reference to the teaching of mathematics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Van Hille, Gilles Ernst Willem
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Computer-assisted instruction Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Data processing Mathematics -- Study and teaching -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1844 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004382
- Description: Like many South African high school mathematics teachers I have followed the development of computers with interest and I have tried wherever possible to gain some experience on them. Thus when microcomputers became more readily available the mathematics department at our school, Graeme College in Grahamstown, motivated for the school to acquire this powerful new tool. The eventual outcome was that the Old Boys' Association donated to the school 3 BBC B microcomputers with monitors, a disc drive, a printer and two tape recorders. These have now been in the school for three years. The acquisition prompted this research project which takes the following form:- 1) An investigation into some of the uses of microcomputers in schools and, in particular, in the mathematics classroom. 2) A statement on the present position adopted by the Cape Education Department on the use of computers in schools. 3) A study of what the experience has been in other countries, particularly in Britain and the United States of America. 4) A description of an investigation which was undertaken at our school using the method of Action Research and Triangulation. Its aim was to investigate the feasibility of using a microcomputer to aid in the teaching of mathematics and the reaction of the pupils to this innovation. Three different approaches were implemented. a) The algorithmic approach: In this investigation a class of standard eight pupils were required, with the help of the teacher, to write, enter and test a short computer program which would solve any pair of simultaneous linear equations of the form, ax + by = c. Their reaction to this form of instruction was noted by myself and a non-participant observer. The pupils themselves were also asked to express their reactions, both verbally and by filling in a prepared questionnaire. Examples of worksheets, exam questions and analysed questionnaires are given in the appendix. Short programs which examine various other mathematical concepts are also listed and discussed. b) The audio-visual approach: In this case use was made of a graphs software package in which the computer would draw either a straight line, circle, parabola or hyperbola when the appropriate variables were entered. This package also includes a graph game facility where participants are required to find the equation of the graph which will pass through three given points. Points are awarded if the correct type of graph is chosen and the variables are entered within a certain time interval. The pupils involved in this investigation were standard eight higher grade mathematics pupils and their reaction to this form of instruction was again noted using the methods described in (a) above. c) Computer Aided Instruction: Here I was most fortunate to be able to make use of the Rhodes University PLATO Centre. This allowed me to take a class of eighteen standard eight higher grade mathematics pupils to the Centre. Here during four sessions, each of just over an hour, the pupils interacted with the software on the computer terminal. The software used was a set of five lessons written by Barbara Lederman of the Community College Maths Group, of the University of Illinois in 1976. The lessons give instruction and require the pupils to transform, plot and draw the graphs of linear equations of the form, ax + by + c = 0, x = c and y = b. They are also taught and required to find the equations of given straight lines. Their reactions to this form of instruction are discussed after each session. 5) In conclusion some thoughts are given on how computers can best be utilised in the school situation, with particular reference to the teaching of mathematics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
A review of the sediment-hosted, disseminated precious metal deposits of Nevada : geological setting, classification, genesis and exploration
- Authors: Ash, Philip John
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Ore deposits
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4906 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001566
- Description: Carlin-type, fine-grained, "invisible" or Disseminated Replacement Type gold-silver deposits are all different names for a major new type of ore deposit that is currently being extensively developed in the Western United States. This type of deposit is now being found elsewhere. Thus a descriptive empirical model that emphasizes the geological and geochemical environment of formation is needed to assist the mining industry in the search for similar deposits. These deposits are typically formed in carbonaceous, silty dolomites and Iimestones or mineralization calcareous siltstones rocks and is exceedingly fine-grained is disseminated in the and claystones. host sedimentary Gold-silver , ore. Primary alteration usually less than one micron in size in unoxidized types include decalcification, argillitization, silicification resulting in the and pyritization. Silicification is commonly intense formation of jasperoid bodies which may be the host to higher grade ore. Supergene alteration is dominated by oxidation resulting in the formation of numerous oxides and sulphates and the release of gold from its association with sulphides and organic carbon. elements are As, Ba, Hg, Sb, and TI. Commonly associated trace Available geological, geochemical, fluid inclusion and stable-isotope studies lead to the conclusion that a circulating hydrothermal system is the important factor necessary for gold-silver concentration and deposition. A direct genetic or only casual relation between are deposition and discrete igneous formations remains unclear. However, it is considered that volcanism provided the source of heat necessary for the generation of a circulating hydrothermal system. High angle faults and fold structures facilitate transport and are of prime importance in directing are fluids to favourable host lithologies. The host rocks, overwhelmingly carbonate - rich, include those whose original and/or altered compositions and resulting permeability provide favourable sites for the precipitation of disseminated gold. The processes specialized. resulting Any th ick in the formation of these deposits are section of carbonate rocks has the potential not to produce Disseminated Replacement Type deposits wherever underlying igneous activity has developed a hydrothermal system
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Ash, Philip John
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Ore deposits
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4906 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001566
- Description: Carlin-type, fine-grained, "invisible" or Disseminated Replacement Type gold-silver deposits are all different names for a major new type of ore deposit that is currently being extensively developed in the Western United States. This type of deposit is now being found elsewhere. Thus a descriptive empirical model that emphasizes the geological and geochemical environment of formation is needed to assist the mining industry in the search for similar deposits. These deposits are typically formed in carbonaceous, silty dolomites and Iimestones or mineralization calcareous siltstones rocks and is exceedingly fine-grained is disseminated in the and claystones. host sedimentary Gold-silver , ore. Primary alteration usually less than one micron in size in unoxidized types include decalcification, argillitization, silicification resulting in the and pyritization. Silicification is commonly intense formation of jasperoid bodies which may be the host to higher grade ore. Supergene alteration is dominated by oxidation resulting in the formation of numerous oxides and sulphates and the release of gold from its association with sulphides and organic carbon. elements are As, Ba, Hg, Sb, and TI. Commonly associated trace Available geological, geochemical, fluid inclusion and stable-isotope studies lead to the conclusion that a circulating hydrothermal system is the important factor necessary for gold-silver concentration and deposition. A direct genetic or only casual relation between are deposition and discrete igneous formations remains unclear. However, it is considered that volcanism provided the source of heat necessary for the generation of a circulating hydrothermal system. High angle faults and fold structures facilitate transport and are of prime importance in directing are fluids to favourable host lithologies. The host rocks, overwhelmingly carbonate - rich, include those whose original and/or altered compositions and resulting permeability provide favourable sites for the precipitation of disseminated gold. The processes specialized. resulting Any th ick in the formation of these deposits are section of carbonate rocks has the potential not to produce Disseminated Replacement Type deposits wherever underlying igneous activity has developed a hydrothermal system
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
A study of petrol and diesel fuel blends with special reference to their thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria
- Authors: Heyward, Caroline
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:21167 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6695
- Description: The ternary phase behaviour of the n-heptane-l-propanol-water system was studied and compared with the theoretical prediction based on the UNIQUAC model for non-electrolyte solutions. The results showed that this model adequately approximated experimental studies. The excess enthalpies and excess volumes for several binary mixtures were determined. The excess enthalpies were measured using a LKB flow microcalorimeter and the excess -volumes determined using a PAAR densitometer. The study showed that no significant enthalpy or volume changes occurred when petrol/n-heptane were mixed with alcohols. Ternary phase diagrams, including tie lines have been determined for a number of petrol-alcohol-water systems (including the Sasol blend of alcohols). The tie line results show that the concentration of water in the water-rich layer is strongly dependent on the type of alcohol used. The Sasol alcohol blended with petrol resulted in a high water concentration in the water-rich layer which forms on phase separation. This is believed to contribute significantly to the corrosion problems experienced by motorists using the Sasol blended fuel on the Witwatersrand. The effect of temperature on several of these blends was included in the study. Diesel-alcohol blends and the co-solvent properties of ethyl acetate investigated. Ethyl acetate ensures miscibility at low concentrations for diesel-ethanol blends. Octyl nitrate and two cetane improvers from AECI were assessed in terms of their ability to restore cetane rating of blended diesel fuel to that of pure diesel fuel. The results indicated that all three samples were successful in this application.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Heyward, Caroline
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:21167 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6695
- Description: The ternary phase behaviour of the n-heptane-l-propanol-water system was studied and compared with the theoretical prediction based on the UNIQUAC model for non-electrolyte solutions. The results showed that this model adequately approximated experimental studies. The excess enthalpies and excess volumes for several binary mixtures were determined. The excess enthalpies were measured using a LKB flow microcalorimeter and the excess -volumes determined using a PAAR densitometer. The study showed that no significant enthalpy or volume changes occurred when petrol/n-heptane were mixed with alcohols. Ternary phase diagrams, including tie lines have been determined for a number of petrol-alcohol-water systems (including the Sasol blend of alcohols). The tie line results show that the concentration of water in the water-rich layer is strongly dependent on the type of alcohol used. The Sasol alcohol blended with petrol resulted in a high water concentration in the water-rich layer which forms on phase separation. This is believed to contribute significantly to the corrosion problems experienced by motorists using the Sasol blended fuel on the Witwatersrand. The effect of temperature on several of these blends was included in the study. Diesel-alcohol blends and the co-solvent properties of ethyl acetate investigated. Ethyl acetate ensures miscibility at low concentrations for diesel-ethanol blends. Octyl nitrate and two cetane improvers from AECI were assessed in terms of their ability to restore cetane rating of blended diesel fuel to that of pure diesel fuel. The results indicated that all three samples were successful in this application.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
A study of petrol and diesel fuel blends with special reference to their thermodynamic propeties and phase equilibria
- Authors: Hayward, Caroline
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Gasoline , Diesel fuels , Thermodynamics , Liquid-liquid equilibrium , Alcohol as fuel
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4065 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004902 , Gasoline , Diesel fuels , Thermodynamics , Liquid-liquid equilibrium , Alcohol as fuel
- Description: The ternary phase behaviour of the n-heptane-l-propanol-water system was studied and compared with the theoretical prediction based on the UNIQUAC model for non-electrolyte solutions. The results showed that this model adequately approximated experimental studies. The excess enthalpies and excess volumes for several binary mixtures were determined. The excess enthalpies were measured using a LKB flow microcalorimeter and the excess -volumes determined using a PAAR densitometer. The study showed that no significant enthalpy or volume changes occurred when petrol/n-heptane were mixed with alcohols . Ternary phase diagrams, including tie lines have been determined for a number of petrol-alcohol-water systems (including the Sasol blend of alcohols). The tie line results show that the concentration of water in the water-rich layer is strongly dependent on the type of alcohol used. The Sasol alcohol blended with petrol resulted in a high water concentration in the water-rich layer which forms on phase separation. This is believed to contribute significantly to the corrosion problems experienced by motorists using the Sasol blended fuel on the Witwatersrand. The effect of temperature on several of these blends was included in the study. Diesel-alcohol blends and the co-solvent properties of ethyl acetate investigated. Ethyl acetate ensures miscibility at low concentrations for diesel-ethanol blends. Octyl nitrate and two cetane improvers from AECI were assessed in terms of their ability to restore cetane rating of blended diesel fuel to that of pure diesel fuel. The results indicated that all three samples were successful in this application. , KMBT_363
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Hayward, Caroline
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Gasoline , Diesel fuels , Thermodynamics , Liquid-liquid equilibrium , Alcohol as fuel
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4065 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004902 , Gasoline , Diesel fuels , Thermodynamics , Liquid-liquid equilibrium , Alcohol as fuel
- Description: The ternary phase behaviour of the n-heptane-l-propanol-water system was studied and compared with the theoretical prediction based on the UNIQUAC model for non-electrolyte solutions. The results showed that this model adequately approximated experimental studies. The excess enthalpies and excess volumes for several binary mixtures were determined. The excess enthalpies were measured using a LKB flow microcalorimeter and the excess -volumes determined using a PAAR densitometer. The study showed that no significant enthalpy or volume changes occurred when petrol/n-heptane were mixed with alcohols . Ternary phase diagrams, including tie lines have been determined for a number of petrol-alcohol-water systems (including the Sasol blend of alcohols). The tie line results show that the concentration of water in the water-rich layer is strongly dependent on the type of alcohol used. The Sasol alcohol blended with petrol resulted in a high water concentration in the water-rich layer which forms on phase separation. This is believed to contribute significantly to the corrosion problems experienced by motorists using the Sasol blended fuel on the Witwatersrand. The effect of temperature on several of these blends was included in the study. Diesel-alcohol blends and the co-solvent properties of ethyl acetate investigated. Ethyl acetate ensures miscibility at low concentrations for diesel-ethanol blends. Octyl nitrate and two cetane improvers from AECI were assessed in terms of their ability to restore cetane rating of blended diesel fuel to that of pure diesel fuel. The results indicated that all three samples were successful in this application. , KMBT_363
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
A study of the marine algal epiphyte, Placophora binderi (J. Agardh) J.Agardh (Ceramiales : Rhodophycophyta)
- Authors: Hartley, Diana Hendy
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Epiphytes , Marine algae , Codium , Ceramiales
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4177 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002025 , Epiphytes , Marine algae , Codium , Ceramiales
- Description: Placophora binderi can be described as an "obligate epiphyte" as it does not respond well to any culture conditions and is found growing only on other algae in the natural environment. This habit may have arisen as a response to the best available substrate in a harsh environment (Harlin 1971; Moss 1982). Any nutrient transfer which may occur between Placophora binderi and its basiphyte, usually various species of Codium, is probably by diffusion as rhizoids do not penetrate the basiphyte cells but simply lie between the Codium utricles providing better anchorage. A triphasic life history exists with isomorphic gametophyte, carposporophyte and tetrasporophyte generations. The male and female gametophytes are dioecious. This study confirms Scagel's (1953) observations for the development of the juvenile, mature and reproductive thallus. The juvenile develops as an erect polysiphonous thallus which produces a prostrate lobe as an adventitious branch from the basal segments. This prostrate lobe develops into the dorsiventrally flattened mature thallus. Reproductive structures are produced on erect branches which are initiated at the mature thallus margins. The gametophyte develops on evanescent trichoblasts produced on erect reproductive branches while the tetra sporophyte develops within these erect branches. The female gametophyte has a four-celled carpogonial branch with an auxiliary cell forming after fertilisation from the supporting cell. At the electron microscope level several vesicle types were seen in the reproductive organs. In the male, spermatial vesicles are produced which probably aid in release of the spermatia (Kugrens 1980). These are also visible under the light microscope. In carposporogenesis and tetrasporogenesis, three vesicle types are produced. Striated vesicles appear for a short while during the early stages and probably function as protein stores. Fibrillar vesicles are large and visible under the light microscope. These probably act as carbohydrate storage organelles (Triemer and Vasconcelos 1979; Kugrens and West 1973c; Tripodi 1971). Cored vesicles appear late in sporogenesis and probably aid in adhesion once the spores have settled (Chamberlain and Evans 1973; Wetherbee 1978). Carpospores follow the "serial release" type pattern observed in Polysiphonia (Boney 1978). Tetraspores are released singly via a rupture in the tetrasporangial wall as in Ceramium rubrum (Chamberlain and Evans 1973). Both carpospores and tetraspores germinate in the typical bi-polar Ceramium-type pattern described by Dixon (1973)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Hartley, Diana Hendy
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Epiphytes , Marine algae , Codium , Ceramiales
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4177 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002025 , Epiphytes , Marine algae , Codium , Ceramiales
- Description: Placophora binderi can be described as an "obligate epiphyte" as it does not respond well to any culture conditions and is found growing only on other algae in the natural environment. This habit may have arisen as a response to the best available substrate in a harsh environment (Harlin 1971; Moss 1982). Any nutrient transfer which may occur between Placophora binderi and its basiphyte, usually various species of Codium, is probably by diffusion as rhizoids do not penetrate the basiphyte cells but simply lie between the Codium utricles providing better anchorage. A triphasic life history exists with isomorphic gametophyte, carposporophyte and tetrasporophyte generations. The male and female gametophytes are dioecious. This study confirms Scagel's (1953) observations for the development of the juvenile, mature and reproductive thallus. The juvenile develops as an erect polysiphonous thallus which produces a prostrate lobe as an adventitious branch from the basal segments. This prostrate lobe develops into the dorsiventrally flattened mature thallus. Reproductive structures are produced on erect branches which are initiated at the mature thallus margins. The gametophyte develops on evanescent trichoblasts produced on erect reproductive branches while the tetra sporophyte develops within these erect branches. The female gametophyte has a four-celled carpogonial branch with an auxiliary cell forming after fertilisation from the supporting cell. At the electron microscope level several vesicle types were seen in the reproductive organs. In the male, spermatial vesicles are produced which probably aid in release of the spermatia (Kugrens 1980). These are also visible under the light microscope. In carposporogenesis and tetrasporogenesis, three vesicle types are produced. Striated vesicles appear for a short while during the early stages and probably function as protein stores. Fibrillar vesicles are large and visible under the light microscope. These probably act as carbohydrate storage organelles (Triemer and Vasconcelos 1979; Kugrens and West 1973c; Tripodi 1971). Cored vesicles appear late in sporogenesis and probably aid in adhesion once the spores have settled (Chamberlain and Evans 1973; Wetherbee 1978). Carpospores follow the "serial release" type pattern observed in Polysiphonia (Boney 1978). Tetraspores are released singly via a rupture in the tetrasporangial wall as in Ceramium rubrum (Chamberlain and Evans 1973). Both carpospores and tetraspores germinate in the typical bi-polar Ceramium-type pattern described by Dixon (1973)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
A view of Herrick's poetic world and its values: with some reference to his fairy poetry
- Authors: Letcher, Valerie Helen
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Herrick, Robert, 1591-1674 , Fairy poetry, English , English poetry -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2265 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004773 , Herrick, Robert, 1591-1674 , Fairy poetry, English , English poetry -- History and criticism
- Description: From the preface: Herrick was a prolific poet, and a remarkably consistent one. Hesperides encompasses a lifelong collection of poems on themes as diverse as serious reflections on life's brevity and the playful examination of the minutely imagined world of the fairies, yet his vision of life remains coherent. My purpose in this study is to try to see ·Herrick's secular work in its unity and as a whole, without claiming to consider every aspect of his secular poetry. (I have not attempted, for example, to consider his classical sources.) As my interest lies mainly in his values and vision, my emphasis is on theme and tone, and the way they indicate his conception of life. For this reason, I only occasionally consider Herrick's poetic techniques, such as his versification and language, and there are no detailed analyses of individual poems which examine them from every angle. In addition, I am almost entirely concerned here with Hesperides , the secular poetry, and not with Herrick's religious verse, which is collected under the title of His Noble Numbers. (Although Herrick calls his book Hesperides: or The Works both Humane and Divine, the arrangement within is clearly a division into Hesperides, the secular poetry, and His Noble Numbers, the religious verse.)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Letcher, Valerie Helen
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Herrick, Robert, 1591-1674 , Fairy poetry, English , English poetry -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2265 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004773 , Herrick, Robert, 1591-1674 , Fairy poetry, English , English poetry -- History and criticism
- Description: From the preface: Herrick was a prolific poet, and a remarkably consistent one. Hesperides encompasses a lifelong collection of poems on themes as diverse as serious reflections on life's brevity and the playful examination of the minutely imagined world of the fairies, yet his vision of life remains coherent. My purpose in this study is to try to see ·Herrick's secular work in its unity and as a whole, without claiming to consider every aspect of his secular poetry. (I have not attempted, for example, to consider his classical sources.) As my interest lies mainly in his values and vision, my emphasis is on theme and tone, and the way they indicate his conception of life. For this reason, I only occasionally consider Herrick's poetic techniques, such as his versification and language, and there are no detailed analyses of individual poems which examine them from every angle. In addition, I am almost entirely concerned here with Hesperides , the secular poetry, and not with Herrick's religious verse, which is collected under the title of His Noble Numbers. (Although Herrick calls his book Hesperides: or The Works both Humane and Divine, the arrangement within is clearly a division into Hesperides, the secular poetry, and His Noble Numbers, the religious verse.)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
An analysis of the influence exerted by the pharmacist and pharmacy assistant in the purchase decision of health and beauty aid products
- Authors: Suttner, Raymond Sharl
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Cosmetics -- Marketing , Consumer behavior , Pharmacists -- Information services , Drugstores -- Marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1189 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004383 , Cosmetics -- Marketing , Consumer behavior , Pharmacists -- Information services , Drugstores -- Marketing
- Description: [Introduction] The 1980s have ushered in an era of extreme competitive pressure for the modern business organisation. In previous times many business organisations have succeeded simply because of the excellence of their products, with little concern or attention being paid to the wants and needs of potential customers. As the business environment has become more competitive, however, the point of focus has changed. There is ample evidence which suggests a correlation between success in business and firms which have adopted a marketing-orientated philosophy of business. The evolution of marketing as a discipline has been hastened in recent times by the need of the firm to survive in the face of increasing competition. This "increasing attention" is occurring because of the realisation that sheer product excellence alone will not necessarily mean that the firm will succeed in establishing a group of satisfied customers in the long term. It is the adoption of the so-called "marketing concept" which provides the opportunity for the firm to develop a competitive edge which will more likely eventuate in success.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Suttner, Raymond Sharl
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Cosmetics -- Marketing , Consumer behavior , Pharmacists -- Information services , Drugstores -- Marketing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1189 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004383 , Cosmetics -- Marketing , Consumer behavior , Pharmacists -- Information services , Drugstores -- Marketing
- Description: [Introduction] The 1980s have ushered in an era of extreme competitive pressure for the modern business organisation. In previous times many business organisations have succeeded simply because of the excellence of their products, with little concern or attention being paid to the wants and needs of potential customers. As the business environment has become more competitive, however, the point of focus has changed. There is ample evidence which suggests a correlation between success in business and firms which have adopted a marketing-orientated philosophy of business. The evolution of marketing as a discipline has been hastened in recent times by the need of the firm to survive in the face of increasing competition. This "increasing attention" is occurring because of the realisation that sheer product excellence alone will not necessarily mean that the firm will succeed in establishing a group of satisfied customers in the long term. It is the adoption of the so-called "marketing concept" which provides the opportunity for the firm to develop a competitive edge which will more likely eventuate in success.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
An analysis of the social and economic consequences of residential relocation arising out of the implementation of an agricultural development scheme in a rural Ciskei village
- Authors: De Wet, C J
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Black people -- Relocation -- South Africa -- Ciskei Ciskei (South Africa) -- Social life and customs Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Ciskei Chatha (Ciskei, South Africa) Ciskei (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2116 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008090
- Description: From preface: This dissertation is concerned with the impact of the implementation of a particular kind of agricultural development project, viz. Betterment Planning, upon a rural Black village in the Keiskammahoek Magisterial District of the Ciskei, in South Africa. The project was implemented in the mid-1960s, and involved the re-organisation of the village environment into demarcated arable, grazing and residential areas, which necessitated the villagers moving from their old, scattered residential clusters to several new, concentrated residential areas. This dissertation seeks to trace the consequences of this development project, and particularly the socio-economic consequences of the residential relocation that it involved.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: De Wet, C J
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Black people -- Relocation -- South Africa -- Ciskei Ciskei (South Africa) -- Social life and customs Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Ciskei Chatha (Ciskei, South Africa) Ciskei (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2116 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008090
- Description: From preface: This dissertation is concerned with the impact of the implementation of a particular kind of agricultural development project, viz. Betterment Planning, upon a rural Black village in the Keiskammahoek Magisterial District of the Ciskei, in South Africa. The project was implemented in the mid-1960s, and involved the re-organisation of the village environment into demarcated arable, grazing and residential areas, which necessitated the villagers moving from their old, scattered residential clusters to several new, concentrated residential areas. This dissertation seeks to trace the consequences of this development project, and particularly the socio-economic consequences of the residential relocation that it involved.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
An analytical study of narrative techniques in Giono's Regain
- Authors: Abel, Hermione
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: French fiction , Novels , Criticism , Symbolism , Regain , Giono, Jean, 1895-1970 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3561 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002008
- Description: The dominant theme in Regain is that of death leading to rebirth. This dissertation attempts to explore Giono's narrative techniques within this context. No single chapter will be devoted to a specific technique; instead, the various devices used by the author are discussed as they emerge from the structure of the chapters. Justifying the field of study as defined in the "Introduction", the following three chapters outline the passage of life from death to eventual rebirth. With acknowledgement to Frank Kermode, who writes: "A concord of past, present and future three dreams which, as Augustine said, cross in our minds, as in the present of things past, the present of things present, and the present of things future" ¹, the first three chapters bear his terminology for their headings. Chapter One, "The Present of Things Past", deals with Mameche's loss of her husband and son. Chapter Two, "The Present of Things Present", focuses upon Mameche' s realization of Gaubert's departure, and the decision that she must do something to save the dying village of Aubignane. Chapter Three, "The Present of Things Future", sees Mameche setting out in search of a wife for Panturle, and succeeding. This brings to an end Part One of the novel. Interwoven throughout the chapters are paradigms from Greek mythology, rich in universal symbolism, and the author's belief in man's ability to fuse himself with his surroundings. The conclusion summarizes the findings of this study, attempting to show how an analysis of Giono's narrative technique provides an insight into such a novel as Regain. ¹The Sense of an Ending (London: Oxford University Press, 1966), rpt., 1970, p. 50.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Abel, Hermione
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: French fiction , Novels , Criticism , Symbolism , Regain , Giono, Jean, 1895-1970 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3561 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002008
- Description: The dominant theme in Regain is that of death leading to rebirth. This dissertation attempts to explore Giono's narrative techniques within this context. No single chapter will be devoted to a specific technique; instead, the various devices used by the author are discussed as they emerge from the structure of the chapters. Justifying the field of study as defined in the "Introduction", the following three chapters outline the passage of life from death to eventual rebirth. With acknowledgement to Frank Kermode, who writes: "A concord of past, present and future three dreams which, as Augustine said, cross in our minds, as in the present of things past, the present of things present, and the present of things future" ¹, the first three chapters bear his terminology for their headings. Chapter One, "The Present of Things Past", deals with Mameche's loss of her husband and son. Chapter Two, "The Present of Things Present", focuses upon Mameche' s realization of Gaubert's departure, and the decision that she must do something to save the dying village of Aubignane. Chapter Three, "The Present of Things Future", sees Mameche setting out in search of a wife for Panturle, and succeeding. This brings to an end Part One of the novel. Interwoven throughout the chapters are paradigms from Greek mythology, rich in universal symbolism, and the author's belief in man's ability to fuse himself with his surroundings. The conclusion summarizes the findings of this study, attempting to show how an analysis of Giono's narrative technique provides an insight into such a novel as Regain. ¹The Sense of an Ending (London: Oxford University Press, 1966), rpt., 1970, p. 50.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
An assessment of hawking activities in Fingo Village, Grahamstown
- Authors: Davidson, Jean Hazell
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Peddlers -- South Africa , Informal sector (Economics) -- Grahamstown (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4819 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005493 , Peddlers -- South Africa , Informal sector (Economics) -- Grahamstown (South Africa)
- Description: A number of issues in the thesis need to be clarified and will be discussed individually below. The term Third World, which is used in the thesis to describe developing countries in a disadvantageous economic position in relation to developed countries, is unsatisfactory. It is a collective term which combines countries with dissimilar cultures, ideologies and future prospects into one category (De Souza & Porter, 1974). Debate continues whether South Africa can be classified as a First or Third World country (Fair, 1982). Rogerson & Beavon (1980) indicate that South Africa can be described as dichotomous because it reflects characteristics of both First and Third World countries. In comparison De Souza & Porter (1974,1) include South Africa among the Third World countries, because four-fifths of the people have an income that is six times less than the income of the other fifth, and they live in a condition of underdevelopment. Conditions in Fingo Village resemble those described by De Souza & Porter (1974) and hence the results of the Fingo Village survey are compared with similar studies, elsewhere in the Third World. However, it would be naive to assume that Fingo Village is unaffected by development within the core regions of South Africa, which in many instances epitomize the First World. The term informal sector, used throughout the thesis, is also unsatisfactory, and debate continues as theorists attempt to find a more appropriate term. Santos (1979) indicates that the term informal sector is contentious, by placing it in single quotation marks. From the literature survey it emerged that the majority of authors did not follow Santos' convention (1979) and thus it seemed acceptable to use the term, informal sector, without placing it in single quotation marks. Chapter Two deals in-depth with the problem of defining the informal sector, and a working definition for the Fingo Village survey is presented in section 2.4.1. The informal sector embraces a wide diversity of economic activities. Due to the limited time and funds available, it was decided to isolate one aspect of this sector, namely, hawking. Sections 2.3 and 2.7 of Chapter Two indicate that hawking is an exemplary informal sector activity. All the different hawking types could not be given close attention and therefore, for practical purposes, it was decided to select one facet of hawking, namely, fruit and vegetable hawkers. Mobile fruit and vegetable hawkers were excluded from the study as it was impossible, during the mapping survey, to isolate a specific hawking site for each mobile hawker. Furthermore, a mobile hawker could easily be enumerated on more than one occasion, and hence a margin of error would automatically occur in the study. This was another reason for excluding mobile hawkers from the study and merely focusing upon static and semi-static fruit and vegetable hawkers. It is difficult to collect comprehensive quantitative data on informal sector activities (Preston-Whyte et al, 1984). The interviewer has to gain the confidence and trust of the subjects. The interviewer for the Fingo Village survey was a well known local personality and a man of some standing in the Black community. Daniel Sandi was the Secretary, of the Grahamstown Association (GRACA), which was reputed to have the support of the majority of the Black residents in Grahamstown until it was banned under the State of Emergency in July 1985. Daniel Sandi was also known for his contribution in literary circles as an epic poet. His previous experience conducting socio-economic surveys, as a researcher for the Border Council of Churches and as the Teba Research Assistant for the Institute of Social and Economic Research, Rhodes University, was also helpful. Sporadic unrest in the study area, from September 1984 and throughout 1985, prevented further fieldwork from being conducted in Fingo Village.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Davidson, Jean Hazell
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Peddlers -- South Africa , Informal sector (Economics) -- Grahamstown (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4819 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005493 , Peddlers -- South Africa , Informal sector (Economics) -- Grahamstown (South Africa)
- Description: A number of issues in the thesis need to be clarified and will be discussed individually below. The term Third World, which is used in the thesis to describe developing countries in a disadvantageous economic position in relation to developed countries, is unsatisfactory. It is a collective term which combines countries with dissimilar cultures, ideologies and future prospects into one category (De Souza & Porter, 1974). Debate continues whether South Africa can be classified as a First or Third World country (Fair, 1982). Rogerson & Beavon (1980) indicate that South Africa can be described as dichotomous because it reflects characteristics of both First and Third World countries. In comparison De Souza & Porter (1974,1) include South Africa among the Third World countries, because four-fifths of the people have an income that is six times less than the income of the other fifth, and they live in a condition of underdevelopment. Conditions in Fingo Village resemble those described by De Souza & Porter (1974) and hence the results of the Fingo Village survey are compared with similar studies, elsewhere in the Third World. However, it would be naive to assume that Fingo Village is unaffected by development within the core regions of South Africa, which in many instances epitomize the First World. The term informal sector, used throughout the thesis, is also unsatisfactory, and debate continues as theorists attempt to find a more appropriate term. Santos (1979) indicates that the term informal sector is contentious, by placing it in single quotation marks. From the literature survey it emerged that the majority of authors did not follow Santos' convention (1979) and thus it seemed acceptable to use the term, informal sector, without placing it in single quotation marks. Chapter Two deals in-depth with the problem of defining the informal sector, and a working definition for the Fingo Village survey is presented in section 2.4.1. The informal sector embraces a wide diversity of economic activities. Due to the limited time and funds available, it was decided to isolate one aspect of this sector, namely, hawking. Sections 2.3 and 2.7 of Chapter Two indicate that hawking is an exemplary informal sector activity. All the different hawking types could not be given close attention and therefore, for practical purposes, it was decided to select one facet of hawking, namely, fruit and vegetable hawkers. Mobile fruit and vegetable hawkers were excluded from the study as it was impossible, during the mapping survey, to isolate a specific hawking site for each mobile hawker. Furthermore, a mobile hawker could easily be enumerated on more than one occasion, and hence a margin of error would automatically occur in the study. This was another reason for excluding mobile hawkers from the study and merely focusing upon static and semi-static fruit and vegetable hawkers. It is difficult to collect comprehensive quantitative data on informal sector activities (Preston-Whyte et al, 1984). The interviewer has to gain the confidence and trust of the subjects. The interviewer for the Fingo Village survey was a well known local personality and a man of some standing in the Black community. Daniel Sandi was the Secretary, of the Grahamstown Association (GRACA), which was reputed to have the support of the majority of the Black residents in Grahamstown until it was banned under the State of Emergency in July 1985. Daniel Sandi was also known for his contribution in literary circles as an epic poet. His previous experience conducting socio-economic surveys, as a researcher for the Border Council of Churches and as the Teba Research Assistant for the Institute of Social and Economic Research, Rhodes University, was also helpful. Sporadic unrest in the study area, from September 1984 and throughout 1985, prevented further fieldwork from being conducted in Fingo Village.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
An examination of Aristotelian modality
- Authors: Munshi, Salma
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Aristotle , Modality (Theory of knowledge)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2703 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001978
- Description: From introduction: A popular misconception regarding Aristotle's views on modality is that Aristotle adhered to the doctrine of no unrealized possibilities. According to this doctrine, all possibilities are realized in time; in other words, if it is possible that something could happen, then at some time it is the case that that happens. For example, if it is possible for Socrates to escape from prison, then there will be a time at which Socrates will actually escape from prison. On this view, the possible and the actual co-incide; whereas there is abundant evidence that Aristotle was careful to maintain a distinction between the possible and the actual.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Munshi, Salma
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Aristotle , Modality (Theory of knowledge)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2703 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001978
- Description: From introduction: A popular misconception regarding Aristotle's views on modality is that Aristotle adhered to the doctrine of no unrealized possibilities. According to this doctrine, all possibilities are realized in time; in other words, if it is possible that something could happen, then at some time it is the case that that happens. For example, if it is possible for Socrates to escape from prison, then there will be a time at which Socrates will actually escape from prison. On this view, the possible and the actual co-incide; whereas there is abundant evidence that Aristotle was careful to maintain a distinction between the possible and the actual.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
An historical perspective of income tax legislation in South Africa, 1910 to 1925
- Authors: Surtees, Peter Geoffrey
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Income tax -- South Africa , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Income tax -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:898 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004578 , Income tax -- South Africa , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Income tax -- South Africa -- History
- Description: From Introduction: This work considers the period from Union, 31 May 1910 until promulgation of the Income Tax Act No. 40 of 1925.(1) It will describe the means, both financial and otherwise, by which the fledgling Government of the Union of South Africa contrived to balance its budget, and will consider the various sources of revenue available up to 1914, when the Government of Gen. Louis Botha first decided that a tax on income was necessary in order to maintain the solvency of the new State. Similarly the political pressures which shaped the nature of the Income Tax Acts up to 1925 will be discussed, and the political principles (or expediencies, depending on the degree of cynicism of the reader) which led the parties in power from time to time to make the decisions they did regarding the provisions of the various Acts. The effect of external political situations such as the Great War of 1914 - 1918 will be examined, as will the consequences of the rebellion of 1914 and the strikes of 1913 and 1922. The legislation predictably spawned a considerable body of litigation as taxpayers hastened to find and exploit loopholes in it; the resultant Income Tax Cases, in the Income Tax Special Court, Supreme Court and Appeal Court, formed the embryo of a body of judicial precedent which today encompasses some two thousand case reports. A few of the cases decided in the period up to 1925 are still quoted today; for example, CIR v Lunnon 1924 AD 1 SATC 7. The relevant cases from the period will enjoy consideration, with descriptions of how their verdicts affected either subsequent income tax principles or later legislation. Also considered will be the inception during this period of the way in which income tax legislation largely develops: the legislature promulgates an Act, the taxpayers discover legitimate ways to reduce their tax burden and the Minister of Finance consequently causes the Act to be changed in order to protect the tax base. Thereupon the resolute taxpayers seek loopholes anew. The effect of economic conditions on income tax legislation will engage attention; several such conditions cast their shadows into the House of Assembly during that 15 year period, notably the post-war recession and the drought of 1919. The selection of this period is apposite for several reasons: it covers the period during which income tax legislation came into being; - it includes several notable political occurrences. thus making possible a consideration of their effect on income tax legislation; it includes a natural cataclysm. namely a major drought. which also had an effect on subsequent Income Tax Acts; - a sufficient number of income tax cases was heard during the period to afford a fair indication both of how the body of case law would develop and how it would perpetually interplay with the legislation; it clearly illustrates the differences between the two great political parties of the time, differences largely caused by the vested interests of each; the dominant South African Party, with its need to retain the support of the commercial and particularly the mining sectors, and the smaller but even then growing National Party with its face set firmly towards the rural constituencies and the embattled farmers; - the period culminates in the Income Tax Act of 1925, a significant change from its predecessors, and the second Income Tax Act of the Pact Government. The imposition of taxes by the respective provinces does not form part of this work, as the scope of the discussion is limited to the various Income Tax Acts, and their development has been overseen by the central government.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Surtees, Peter Geoffrey
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Income tax -- South Africa , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Income tax -- South Africa -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:898 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004578 , Income tax -- South Africa , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Income tax -- South Africa -- History
- Description: From Introduction: This work considers the period from Union, 31 May 1910 until promulgation of the Income Tax Act No. 40 of 1925.(1) It will describe the means, both financial and otherwise, by which the fledgling Government of the Union of South Africa contrived to balance its budget, and will consider the various sources of revenue available up to 1914, when the Government of Gen. Louis Botha first decided that a tax on income was necessary in order to maintain the solvency of the new State. Similarly the political pressures which shaped the nature of the Income Tax Acts up to 1925 will be discussed, and the political principles (or expediencies, depending on the degree of cynicism of the reader) which led the parties in power from time to time to make the decisions they did regarding the provisions of the various Acts. The effect of external political situations such as the Great War of 1914 - 1918 will be examined, as will the consequences of the rebellion of 1914 and the strikes of 1913 and 1922. The legislation predictably spawned a considerable body of litigation as taxpayers hastened to find and exploit loopholes in it; the resultant Income Tax Cases, in the Income Tax Special Court, Supreme Court and Appeal Court, formed the embryo of a body of judicial precedent which today encompasses some two thousand case reports. A few of the cases decided in the period up to 1925 are still quoted today; for example, CIR v Lunnon 1924 AD 1 SATC 7. The relevant cases from the period will enjoy consideration, with descriptions of how their verdicts affected either subsequent income tax principles or later legislation. Also considered will be the inception during this period of the way in which income tax legislation largely develops: the legislature promulgates an Act, the taxpayers discover legitimate ways to reduce their tax burden and the Minister of Finance consequently causes the Act to be changed in order to protect the tax base. Thereupon the resolute taxpayers seek loopholes anew. The effect of economic conditions on income tax legislation will engage attention; several such conditions cast their shadows into the House of Assembly during that 15 year period, notably the post-war recession and the drought of 1919. The selection of this period is apposite for several reasons: it covers the period during which income tax legislation came into being; - it includes several notable political occurrences. thus making possible a consideration of their effect on income tax legislation; it includes a natural cataclysm. namely a major drought. which also had an effect on subsequent Income Tax Acts; - a sufficient number of income tax cases was heard during the period to afford a fair indication both of how the body of case law would develop and how it would perpetually interplay with the legislation; it clearly illustrates the differences between the two great political parties of the time, differences largely caused by the vested interests of each; the dominant South African Party, with its need to retain the support of the commercial and particularly the mining sectors, and the smaller but even then growing National Party with its face set firmly towards the rural constituencies and the embattled farmers; - the period culminates in the Income Tax Act of 1925, a significant change from its predecessors, and the second Income Tax Act of the Pact Government. The imposition of taxes by the respective provinces does not form part of this work, as the scope of the discussion is limited to the various Income Tax Acts, and their development has been overseen by the central government.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
An investigation into the possible causes of the difference between the boys' and girls' drop-out rate in mathematics at the end of the junior secondary phase of education
- Authors: Oberholster, E J
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Mathematical ability , Gender , Mathematics teaching , Drop-out rate , Junior secondary
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1351 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001417
- Description: In the past two decades much research in the field of Mathematics in Education has dealt with boy- girl differences. In the 1960's sex differences in mathematical achievement played an important role in research. The results of more recent and better controlled studies seem to indicate that overall boy-girl differences in mathematical achievement are probably negligible at the Primary stage and exist at the Secondary stage principally in areas involving spatial visualization and problem solving.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Oberholster, E J
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Mathematical ability , Gender , Mathematics teaching , Drop-out rate , Junior secondary
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1351 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001417
- Description: In the past two decades much research in the field of Mathematics in Education has dealt with boy- girl differences. In the 1960's sex differences in mathematical achievement played an important role in research. The results of more recent and better controlled studies seem to indicate that overall boy-girl differences in mathematical achievement are probably negligible at the Primary stage and exist at the Secondary stage principally in areas involving spatial visualization and problem solving.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
An investigation into the present system of orientation for pupils entering high school under the jurisdiction of the Cape Education Department, leading to an orientation programme
- Heath, John Lionel Potgieter
- Authors: Heath, John Lionel Potgieter
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Education, Secondary -- South Africa Educational change -- South Africa Education and state -- South Africa Educational law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1870 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004769
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Heath, John Lionel Potgieter
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Education, Secondary -- South Africa Educational change -- South Africa Education and state -- South Africa Educational law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1870 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004769
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
An investigation into the role of attitudes towards mathematics as a motivation for choosing vocational-technical secondary education
- Authors: Venter, Petrus Albertus
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: School children -- South Africa -- East London -- Attitudes Technical education -- South Africa -- East London Mathematical ability
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1831 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003813
- Description: From Introduction: As headmaster of a technical high school it is my responsibility to admit standard six pupils to this school. Often the refrain from parents is heard: "My son is weak in mathematics but good with his hands." These parents desperately seek a secondary education for their non-academic children. To what extent has the vicious circle of low achievement - negative attitude - lower achievement - despair already been established in these pupils as far as mathematics is concerned? How does this low self-concept in mathematics ability serve as a factor in deciding upon which career to follow, which type of high school to attend? Parents and the public at large seem to be ill-informed about the subjects offered at technical high schools. The mathematical character of these schools is especially undervalued. People often seem to think that the mathematics at a technical high school is easier than at other high schools. Furthermore, people do not realize that mathematics forms the cornerstone of any technical field of study. Failure in mathematics will inevitably lead to low marks or failure in technical subjects. It seems that many pupils who have already developed a defeatist attitude towards mathematics, seek entry into this type of high school. If so, then why? This study aims to elucidate the mathematical cognitive demands made by mathematically related subjects in a technical high school. At the same time possible relationships will be investigated between choice of type of high school (technical vs non-technical) and : i) attitudes to mathematics; ii) achievement in mathematics; iii) general academic achievement; iv) attitude to school. Pupils at standard five level have already established their attitudes towards subjects. For this study standard five boys from East London English and Afrikaans-speaking primary schools were involved. The reason why girls were not considered was to eliminate the variables of sex-related behaviours. Also, girls do not report in any large numbers for technical education as yet. The results of this study should be of use to those advising standard five pupils on their choice of type of high school. If satisfactory relationships are found between affective-cognitive variables and choice of high school, future researchers may use this towards the construction of a required profile for prospective pupils of technical high schools. There are of course, many other factors in the issue. Variables like social status, parents' own experiences, vested interests of academic high schools and many more are not considered in this study. It is conceded that any in-depth study into attitudes towards mathematics or into choice of type of high school is a many-faceted problem, the scope of which lies beyond this thesis. Suffice to admit that attitudes are complex dispositions resulting from the interactions between a number of affective, cognitive and psychomotor variables.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Venter, Petrus Albertus
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: School children -- South Africa -- East London -- Attitudes Technical education -- South Africa -- East London Mathematical ability
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1831 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003813
- Description: From Introduction: As headmaster of a technical high school it is my responsibility to admit standard six pupils to this school. Often the refrain from parents is heard: "My son is weak in mathematics but good with his hands." These parents desperately seek a secondary education for their non-academic children. To what extent has the vicious circle of low achievement - negative attitude - lower achievement - despair already been established in these pupils as far as mathematics is concerned? How does this low self-concept in mathematics ability serve as a factor in deciding upon which career to follow, which type of high school to attend? Parents and the public at large seem to be ill-informed about the subjects offered at technical high schools. The mathematical character of these schools is especially undervalued. People often seem to think that the mathematics at a technical high school is easier than at other high schools. Furthermore, people do not realize that mathematics forms the cornerstone of any technical field of study. Failure in mathematics will inevitably lead to low marks or failure in technical subjects. It seems that many pupils who have already developed a defeatist attitude towards mathematics, seek entry into this type of high school. If so, then why? This study aims to elucidate the mathematical cognitive demands made by mathematically related subjects in a technical high school. At the same time possible relationships will be investigated between choice of type of high school (technical vs non-technical) and : i) attitudes to mathematics; ii) achievement in mathematics; iii) general academic achievement; iv) attitude to school. Pupils at standard five level have already established their attitudes towards subjects. For this study standard five boys from East London English and Afrikaans-speaking primary schools were involved. The reason why girls were not considered was to eliminate the variables of sex-related behaviours. Also, girls do not report in any large numbers for technical education as yet. The results of this study should be of use to those advising standard five pupils on their choice of type of high school. If satisfactory relationships are found between affective-cognitive variables and choice of high school, future researchers may use this towards the construction of a required profile for prospective pupils of technical high schools. There are of course, many other factors in the issue. Variables like social status, parents' own experiences, vested interests of academic high schools and many more are not considered in this study. It is conceded that any in-depth study into attitudes towards mathematics or into choice of type of high school is a many-faceted problem, the scope of which lies beyond this thesis. Suffice to admit that attitudes are complex dispositions resulting from the interactions between a number of affective, cognitive and psychomotor variables.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Aspects of musical education in Grahamstown, 1832-1950
- Authors: Sparrow, Marion Janet
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: School music -- South Africa -- Grahamstown School music -- Instruction and study -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Music -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2664 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004616
- Description: From Introduction: An investigation into aspects of musical education in Grahamstown cannot be isolated from the prevailing economic and social influences and must be seen within that setting. By the 1830's Grahamstown had developed from the frontier military post of 1812, to a settlement with an increasing population, aware of the importance of general education in raising standards and whose attention was concentrated in commerce, allied with agriculture, being a wool centre and a halting-place for traders conveying merchandise northwards, by ox-wagon and later also the chief centre of the ostrich industry. This development had gone on despite a succession of Frontier Wars, the last in 1878. A military presence was felt throughout the years of the nineteenth century and into the early years of the next, although from the late 1850's the chief military posts were in King William's Town and not in Grahamstown. The 1860's witnessed the important discovery of diamonds in South Africa, the first of which was identified by the famous Grahamstonian, Dr William G. Atherstone. This discovery, together with the discovery of gold to the north in the 1880's and the new railway line in that direction side-tracking Grahamstown, plus a slump in the ostrich industry, resulted in the economic decline of the town, but it then directed its energy and enterprise in another direction, education. The many small schools, which had sprung up during earlier decades, were superseded by newly established larger ones, initially for boys, but the 1870's in South Africa saw a revolution in the education of girls (similar to that of the 1850's in England), an occurrence which had an important bearing upon the founding of high schools for girls and Grahamstown was no exception in this respect. In South Africa, tertiary education for women was introduced soon after 1900 (as had occurred in England in the 1870's) and Grahamstown again kept apace. The years of the twentieth century brought about numerous advances in communication (motor cars, roads, aeroplanes, the radio and telephone), the invention of the gramophone, the appearance of "talkies" to replace silent films, the development of electricity as a source of power, great changes from peace to war, worldwide and financial stringency. In addition droughts plagued the farming community. All these influenced life in Grahamstown and education in general. The age of many scholastic institutions in Grahamstown became such, that they were receiving the sons and daughters and also grandsons and granddaughters of former pupils. This continuity played an important part in establishing traditions. Aspects of musical education during more than a century will be examined, firstly, in connection with each individual school and tertiary institution and secondly, by means of a survey. The newspapers, "Graham's Town Journal" and "Grocott's Penny Mail" - later "Grocott's Daily Mail", will be referred to as "IJournal" and "Grocott's", respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Sparrow, Marion Janet
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: School music -- South Africa -- Grahamstown School music -- Instruction and study -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Music -- South Africa -- Grahamstown -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2664 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004616
- Description: From Introduction: An investigation into aspects of musical education in Grahamstown cannot be isolated from the prevailing economic and social influences and must be seen within that setting. By the 1830's Grahamstown had developed from the frontier military post of 1812, to a settlement with an increasing population, aware of the importance of general education in raising standards and whose attention was concentrated in commerce, allied with agriculture, being a wool centre and a halting-place for traders conveying merchandise northwards, by ox-wagon and later also the chief centre of the ostrich industry. This development had gone on despite a succession of Frontier Wars, the last in 1878. A military presence was felt throughout the years of the nineteenth century and into the early years of the next, although from the late 1850's the chief military posts were in King William's Town and not in Grahamstown. The 1860's witnessed the important discovery of diamonds in South Africa, the first of which was identified by the famous Grahamstonian, Dr William G. Atherstone. This discovery, together with the discovery of gold to the north in the 1880's and the new railway line in that direction side-tracking Grahamstown, plus a slump in the ostrich industry, resulted in the economic decline of the town, but it then directed its energy and enterprise in another direction, education. The many small schools, which had sprung up during earlier decades, were superseded by newly established larger ones, initially for boys, but the 1870's in South Africa saw a revolution in the education of girls (similar to that of the 1850's in England), an occurrence which had an important bearing upon the founding of high schools for girls and Grahamstown was no exception in this respect. In South Africa, tertiary education for women was introduced soon after 1900 (as had occurred in England in the 1870's) and Grahamstown again kept apace. The years of the twentieth century brought about numerous advances in communication (motor cars, roads, aeroplanes, the radio and telephone), the invention of the gramophone, the appearance of "talkies" to replace silent films, the development of electricity as a source of power, great changes from peace to war, worldwide and financial stringency. In addition droughts plagued the farming community. All these influenced life in Grahamstown and education in general. The age of many scholastic institutions in Grahamstown became such, that they were receiving the sons and daughters and also grandsons and granddaughters of former pupils. This continuity played an important part in establishing traditions. Aspects of musical education during more than a century will be examined, firstly, in connection with each individual school and tertiary institution and secondly, by means of a survey. The newspapers, "Graham's Town Journal" and "Grocott's Penny Mail" - later "Grocott's Daily Mail", will be referred to as "IJournal" and "Grocott's", respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Attempts to improve the teaching of English by Black teachers in selected areas of the Eastern Cape and the Transkei, through educational workshops and resource materials
- Authors: Ziskovsky, Lorraine
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Foreign speakers Education -- South Africa Teaching -- Aids and devices
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1410 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003060
- Description: This action research study covers the period November 1983 to August 1985, and is an ethnographic account of what started as a small-scale attempt to assist black teachers of English at the Standard 6, 7 and 8 level, in Grahamstown. During this period, the writer was employed by the South African Council for Higher Education's Grahamstown branch as a part- time English tutor of black and coloured teachers engaged in private study for the Joint Matriculation Board and UNISA. It was under Sached's aegis that the project started, with the writer holding the belief that poor matriculation examination results obtained by blacks were at least partially caused by poor English language communication skills. It was hoped that assistance to black teachers of English as a second language (ESL) at the chosen level (Standards 6, 7 and 8) would be of some help in freeing black students from the necessity of having to achieve academically and linguistically at the same time, in Standards 9 and 10.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Ziskovsky, Lorraine
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Foreign speakers Education -- South Africa Teaching -- Aids and devices
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1410 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003060
- Description: This action research study covers the period November 1983 to August 1985, and is an ethnographic account of what started as a small-scale attempt to assist black teachers of English at the Standard 6, 7 and 8 level, in Grahamstown. During this period, the writer was employed by the South African Council for Higher Education's Grahamstown branch as a part- time English tutor of black and coloured teachers engaged in private study for the Joint Matriculation Board and UNISA. It was under Sached's aegis that the project started, with the writer holding the belief that poor matriculation examination results obtained by blacks were at least partially caused by poor English language communication skills. It was hoped that assistance to black teachers of English as a second language (ESL) at the chosen level (Standards 6, 7 and 8) would be of some help in freeing black students from the necessity of having to achieve academically and linguistically at the same time, in Standards 9 and 10.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Changes in pictorial construction and types of representation which formed the basis of modern art
- Authors: Collins, Anne Marie
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Picasso, Pablo, 1881-1973 Art, French -- 19th century Art, French -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2475 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010579
- Description: The erosion of traditional French academic methods of picture-construction, and the eclipse of hierarchical subject-matter, ensured the emergence of a diversity of new painting styles in France by 1900 and the possibility of even more drastic departures from tradition in the 20th century, particularly in the work of Picasso, from 1900 to 1914.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Collins, Anne Marie
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Picasso, Pablo, 1881-1973 Art, French -- 19th century Art, French -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2475 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010579
- Description: The erosion of traditional French academic methods of picture-construction, and the eclipse of hierarchical subject-matter, ensured the emergence of a diversity of new painting styles in France by 1900 and the possibility of even more drastic departures from tradition in the 20th century, particularly in the work of Picasso, from 1900 to 1914.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986