The relationship between leadership styles and talent retention within South Africa
- Authors: Liss, Kirstin
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Leadership styles
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44578 , vital:38139
- Description: The challenge of retaining employees is becoming increasingly difficult. This purpose of this study was to examine if employee leadership style preferences are currently being met and whether a relationship exists between leadership styles and talent retention. Data from leadership styles and talent retention questionnaires was used in the analysis. The results of the paired sample t-test indicated that leadership style preferences were not currently being met by employees providing input to the research question. The relationship between leadership styles and talent retention were explored using a correlation and a relationship was found to be significant thus supporting the research question. Multiple linear regression analysis provided further support in this relationship and investigated to what extent leadership styles influence retention. A significant positive relationship was found in that the experience of negative or positive levels of leadership styles, will influence employee retention. Leadership styles are not currently being met by employees thus the retention of employees are at risk for organisations in South Africa. The study concludes with recommendations for research and Industrial and Organisational Psychologists in practice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Liss, Kirstin
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Leadership styles
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44578 , vital:38139
- Description: The challenge of retaining employees is becoming increasingly difficult. This purpose of this study was to examine if employee leadership style preferences are currently being met and whether a relationship exists between leadership styles and talent retention. Data from leadership styles and talent retention questionnaires was used in the analysis. The results of the paired sample t-test indicated that leadership style preferences were not currently being met by employees providing input to the research question. The relationship between leadership styles and talent retention were explored using a correlation and a relationship was found to be significant thus supporting the research question. Multiple linear regression analysis provided further support in this relationship and investigated to what extent leadership styles influence retention. A significant positive relationship was found in that the experience of negative or positive levels of leadership styles, will influence employee retention. Leadership styles are not currently being met by employees thus the retention of employees are at risk for organisations in South Africa. The study concludes with recommendations for research and Industrial and Organisational Psychologists in practice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The relationship between Millon’s personality styles and the secondary traumatic stress beliefs of trauma counsellors
- Authors: Rossouw, Gwynneth
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Treatment , Psychic trauma -- Treatment Personality assessment Stress (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43545 , vital:36917
- Description: The research aim of this study was to explore and describe the relationship between Millon’s personality styles and the secondary traumatic stress beliefs experienced by trauma counsellors. An exploratory-descriptive design was employed to collect the quantitative data by means of a biographical questionnaire, Millon’s Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (3rd Edition) (MCMI-III) and the Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale (TABS). Purposive sampling was used to select the participants from 22 organisations spread across the Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage and Cape Town geographical areas. A total number of 98 participants completed the MCMI-III and the TABS. The data were analysed using descriptive and correlational statistics. It was found that the relationship between many of the MCMI-III scales and the TABS was significant. The majority of the participants responded positively to the study as it made them more aware of their emotions. Certain conclusions and recommendations were made based on the findings of the study. The results for our sample showed that there is a strong and positive relationship between Millon’s personality styles and the secondary traumatic stress beliefs of trauma counsellors, which was found to be both practically and statistically significant. The use of discriminant analysis provided better prediction for this study as it enables better prediction on which personality type is more prone to develop STS in future. This is a study of limited scope and the participants were selected from counsellors working with victims of trauma. Furthermore, it would be useful for future research to investigate if demographic variables such as: age, gender, level of education, level of experience and the number of working hours with trauma could have an impact on developing STS.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Rossouw, Gwynneth
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Treatment , Psychic trauma -- Treatment Personality assessment Stress (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43545 , vital:36917
- Description: The research aim of this study was to explore and describe the relationship between Millon’s personality styles and the secondary traumatic stress beliefs experienced by trauma counsellors. An exploratory-descriptive design was employed to collect the quantitative data by means of a biographical questionnaire, Millon’s Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (3rd Edition) (MCMI-III) and the Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale (TABS). Purposive sampling was used to select the participants from 22 organisations spread across the Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage and Cape Town geographical areas. A total number of 98 participants completed the MCMI-III and the TABS. The data were analysed using descriptive and correlational statistics. It was found that the relationship between many of the MCMI-III scales and the TABS was significant. The majority of the participants responded positively to the study as it made them more aware of their emotions. Certain conclusions and recommendations were made based on the findings of the study. The results for our sample showed that there is a strong and positive relationship between Millon’s personality styles and the secondary traumatic stress beliefs of trauma counsellors, which was found to be both practically and statistically significant. The use of discriminant analysis provided better prediction for this study as it enables better prediction on which personality type is more prone to develop STS in future. This is a study of limited scope and the participants were selected from counsellors working with victims of trauma. Furthermore, it would be useful for future research to investigate if demographic variables such as: age, gender, level of education, level of experience and the number of working hours with trauma could have an impact on developing STS.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The relationship between organisational culture and cross-team collaboration at an institution of higher learning
- McGowan-Berry, Charlene Hilda
- Authors: McGowan-Berry, Charlene Hilda
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Corporate culture , Organizational change Organizational behavior Organization -- Research Education, Higher -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42628 , vital:36675
- Description: Institutions of higher learning are under constant pressure to become more effective amidst lowering subsidies and increased student intake. Bozalek, Ngambi and Dachago (2013) identify a limit of resources as one of the major challenges facing higher education. As a result, resources and talent need to be more effectively utilised. There is also a growing call for closer co-operation across disciplines, for example in terms of increased interdisciplinary teaching and research to address real life issues. The opposite, namely a silo mentality where people focus on their own tasks without interacting and solving problems collaboratively, does not lead to excellence. Silos are invisible barriers which fragment organisations and make it difficult to cross boundaries (Cilliers & Greyvenstein, 2012). The primary objective of this study was to explore the existing culture at a selected university and to determine whether a relationship between organisational culture and cross-team collaboration existed. A positivistic research approach was followed and quantitative research methods were adopted. The target population included all of the academics from one of the campuses of the selected university. A non-probability sampling technique of convenience sampling was used. The Organisational Culture Questionnaire (OCQ) developed by Harrison (1993) was administered to 120 employees at the selected university. The results suggested that a Task and Role Culture was most evident at the University, but that a Support Culture was mostly supportive of cross-team collaboration. Recommendations were made for the University and for future research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: McGowan-Berry, Charlene Hilda
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Corporate culture , Organizational change Organizational behavior Organization -- Research Education, Higher -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42628 , vital:36675
- Description: Institutions of higher learning are under constant pressure to become more effective amidst lowering subsidies and increased student intake. Bozalek, Ngambi and Dachago (2013) identify a limit of resources as one of the major challenges facing higher education. As a result, resources and talent need to be more effectively utilised. There is also a growing call for closer co-operation across disciplines, for example in terms of increased interdisciplinary teaching and research to address real life issues. The opposite, namely a silo mentality where people focus on their own tasks without interacting and solving problems collaboratively, does not lead to excellence. Silos are invisible barriers which fragment organisations and make it difficult to cross boundaries (Cilliers & Greyvenstein, 2012). The primary objective of this study was to explore the existing culture at a selected university and to determine whether a relationship between organisational culture and cross-team collaboration existed. A positivistic research approach was followed and quantitative research methods were adopted. The target population included all of the academics from one of the campuses of the selected university. A non-probability sampling technique of convenience sampling was used. The Organisational Culture Questionnaire (OCQ) developed by Harrison (1993) was administered to 120 employees at the selected university. The results suggested that a Task and Role Culture was most evident at the University, but that a Support Culture was mostly supportive of cross-team collaboration. Recommendations were made for the University and for future research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The relationship between psychological capital and work engagement among educators in Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Van Kerkhof, Michelle
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Human capital -- Psychological aspects , Psychology, Industrial Employees -- Psychology Management|xPsychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44145 , vital:37117
- Description: Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and work engagement (WE) are both positive constructs which research shows has an advantageous effect on the performance of the organisation. The educational system, and in particular the job of the educator, remains an important field of study as 80% of schools in South Africa are deemed dysfunctional (Spaull, 2013). Although educators face numerous challenges, there are still educators who remain determined in their work role. This research used a cross-sectional design, using a composite questionnaire to measure PsyCap and WE. The self-report questionnaires were distributed to a sample of educators (n=106) of which 53% were from private schools and 47% were from public schools in Port Elizabeth. Various studies both locally and abroad confirm the reliability and validity of the PCQ-24 and UWES-9 measures utilised in this study. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between PsyCap and WE of educators. The relationship between PsyCap and WE was assessed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Furthermore, it also considered whether a significant distinction exists among the PsyCap and WE levels of private and public schools in Port Elizabeth. A t-test was used to establish the difference among the levels of PsyCap and WE of private and public school teachers. As indicated by previous research, the current study uncovered that PsyCap predicts WE, exhibiting a positive relationship among the constructs. In addition, this study found that there was a difference among the PsyCap and WE levels of private and public school teachers in Port Elizabeth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The relationship between psychological capital and work engagement among educators in Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Van Kerkhof, Michelle
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Human capital -- Psychological aspects , Psychology, Industrial Employees -- Psychology Management|xPsychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44145 , vital:37117
- Description: Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and work engagement (WE) are both positive constructs which research shows has an advantageous effect on the performance of the organisation. The educational system, and in particular the job of the educator, remains an important field of study as 80% of schools in South Africa are deemed dysfunctional (Spaull, 2013). Although educators face numerous challenges, there are still educators who remain determined in their work role. This research used a cross-sectional design, using a composite questionnaire to measure PsyCap and WE. The self-report questionnaires were distributed to a sample of educators (n=106) of which 53% were from private schools and 47% were from public schools in Port Elizabeth. Various studies both locally and abroad confirm the reliability and validity of the PCQ-24 and UWES-9 measures utilised in this study. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between PsyCap and WE of educators. The relationship between PsyCap and WE was assessed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Furthermore, it also considered whether a significant distinction exists among the PsyCap and WE levels of private and public schools in Port Elizabeth. A t-test was used to establish the difference among the levels of PsyCap and WE of private and public school teachers. As indicated by previous research, the current study uncovered that PsyCap predicts WE, exhibiting a positive relationship among the constructs. In addition, this study found that there was a difference among the PsyCap and WE levels of private and public school teachers in Port Elizabeth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The relationship between psychological capital and work engagement in a work setting
- Authors: Rennick, Ashlynne Tamsyn
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Employees -- Psychology , Employee motivation Human capital -- Psychological aspects Work -- Psychological aspects Psychology, Industrial
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43534 , vital:36907
- Description: According to research, psychological capital (PsyCap) and work engagement are two constructs within the realm of positive psychology that have a positive impact on employees. The importance of work engagement in organisations is evident in the global interest in human capital development. Work engagement has several positive outcomes such as job satisfaction, job performance and well-being that have been linked to PsyCap. Considering Positive Organisational Behaviour (POB) and understanding how this has an impact on public service sector employees is important. The purpose of this research is to describe the relationship between PsyCap and work engagement. The study was conducted in order to understand the levels of PsyCap and work engagement that exist in a work setting given the current global economic changes. A convenience survey design was used with a nonprobability sample (N=155) of NGO employees across South Africa in Port Elizabeth, East London and Johannesburg. The measuring instruments consisted of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) and a biographical questionnaire. The data was collected using the pencil-and-paper method. Demographic groups showed significant differences in the means for both PsyCap and work engagement. The study also found that participants scored high on work engagement and its dimensions indicating that participants experienced high levels of engagement in their work-related tasks. Consistent with previous research, the results of this study showed that PsyCap is a predictor of work engagement, indicating a positive relationship between the dimensions of PsyCap and the dimensions of work engagement.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Rennick, Ashlynne Tamsyn
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Employees -- Psychology , Employee motivation Human capital -- Psychological aspects Work -- Psychological aspects Psychology, Industrial
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43534 , vital:36907
- Description: According to research, psychological capital (PsyCap) and work engagement are two constructs within the realm of positive psychology that have a positive impact on employees. The importance of work engagement in organisations is evident in the global interest in human capital development. Work engagement has several positive outcomes such as job satisfaction, job performance and well-being that have been linked to PsyCap. Considering Positive Organisational Behaviour (POB) and understanding how this has an impact on public service sector employees is important. The purpose of this research is to describe the relationship between PsyCap and work engagement. The study was conducted in order to understand the levels of PsyCap and work engagement that exist in a work setting given the current global economic changes. A convenience survey design was used with a nonprobability sample (N=155) of NGO employees across South Africa in Port Elizabeth, East London and Johannesburg. The measuring instruments consisted of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) and a biographical questionnaire. The data was collected using the pencil-and-paper method. Demographic groups showed significant differences in the means for both PsyCap and work engagement. The study also found that participants scored high on work engagement and its dimensions indicating that participants experienced high levels of engagement in their work-related tasks. Consistent with previous research, the results of this study showed that PsyCap is a predictor of work engagement, indicating a positive relationship between the dimensions of PsyCap and the dimensions of work engagement.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The role of HRM in developing ethical organisations in the liquor industry
- Authors: Nuttall, Candice
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Business ethics , Organizational behavior -- Moral and ethical aspects Personnel management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42748 , vital:36688
- Description: Research has shown that ethics is critical to an organisations success, and that the leaders of an organisation give authority to an ethical climate and power to any ethical HRM interventions that are implemented. This empirical study aimed to investigate the role of human resource management (HRM) in developing ethical organisations in the liquor industry. The study had three main objectives. Firstly, to investigate the awareness and importance of ethics in the liquor industry. Secondly to investigate which human resource interventions were being used in the liquor industry to promote ethics and lastly, to propose strategies to assist in establishing and reinforcing an ethical climate in organisations operating in the liquor industry. The research was gathered from the liquor industry quantitatively by adapting the ethics questionnaire developed by Lloyd and Mey (2010, p. 206). Non-probability sampling was used to include 92 sales managers from 13 different organisations located throughout South Africa. Data was analysed qualitatively by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Validity of the research was carefully managed and the reliability of the questionnaire analysed by a statistician. Ethical considerations, as well as the value of the study and its limitations will be included. The results showed that top management was seen as the most important role players in establishing an ethical organisation, and that the human resource department was regarded as most important. However, a significant lack of HRM intervention implementation was observed. Although organisations provided a significant number of interventions, they only had limited effect on the day to day operations. The lack of the creation and establishment of ethics committees and ethically based reward systems were found to be consistently lacking throughout the industry. An implication of this study is that there exists significant scope for the liquor industry to become leaders in the field of ethics. For this to happen top management should openly commit to ethics and ensure that the day to day operational policies and practices reflect the aims of an ethical climate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Nuttall, Candice
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Business ethics , Organizational behavior -- Moral and ethical aspects Personnel management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42748 , vital:36688
- Description: Research has shown that ethics is critical to an organisations success, and that the leaders of an organisation give authority to an ethical climate and power to any ethical HRM interventions that are implemented. This empirical study aimed to investigate the role of human resource management (HRM) in developing ethical organisations in the liquor industry. The study had three main objectives. Firstly, to investigate the awareness and importance of ethics in the liquor industry. Secondly to investigate which human resource interventions were being used in the liquor industry to promote ethics and lastly, to propose strategies to assist in establishing and reinforcing an ethical climate in organisations operating in the liquor industry. The research was gathered from the liquor industry quantitatively by adapting the ethics questionnaire developed by Lloyd and Mey (2010, p. 206). Non-probability sampling was used to include 92 sales managers from 13 different organisations located throughout South Africa. Data was analysed qualitatively by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Validity of the research was carefully managed and the reliability of the questionnaire analysed by a statistician. Ethical considerations, as well as the value of the study and its limitations will be included. The results showed that top management was seen as the most important role players in establishing an ethical organisation, and that the human resource department was regarded as most important. However, a significant lack of HRM intervention implementation was observed. Although organisations provided a significant number of interventions, they only had limited effect on the day to day operations. The lack of the creation and establishment of ethics committees and ethically based reward systems were found to be consistently lacking throughout the industry. An implication of this study is that there exists significant scope for the liquor industry to become leaders in the field of ethics. For this to happen top management should openly commit to ethics and ensure that the day to day operational policies and practices reflect the aims of an ethical climate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The role of psychologists in the #FeesMustFall movement in South Africa: a thematic analysis
- Authors: Kramer, Briony
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Higher education and state -- South Africa , Psychologists -- South Africa , Student movements -- South Africa , College students -- Psychology -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Student movements -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76287 , vital:30544
- Description: Since 2015, students across South Africa have protested for free tertiary education. This protest movement is known as #FeesMustFall. It was deemed important to understand what psychologists could do in this movement, as these protests have highlighted the existing inequality and lack of transformation in South African universities. Further, these protests have shown to cause psychological sequelae, and, at present, there is very little information regarding the role of psychologists in these types of protests. In response, this current qualitative study explores what four psychologists believe their role could be within the protests, specifically within Grahamstown, Eastern Cape. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and a Thematic Analysis methodology and Critical Psychology approach were used to analyse the findings. The results of the study revealed that these psychologists understood they could have varying roles within the protests. These varying roles linked to the broader concept of transformative versus ameliorative interventions. Ameliorative practices are usually more short-term in their effect to initiate change and are mainly aimed at the individual level, while transformative approaches are long-term and are mainly aimed at the societal level. Under the ameliorative approach, the psychologists’ roles included that they provide individual therapy to students who were affected by the protests. The transformative approach, on the other hand, included that the psychologists use their role to act as advocates, negotiators or advisors, and therefore take an active role in assisting the University with the protests. The findings also showed that some participants were ambivalent and uncertain about their role. This ambivalence led to these participants questioning the protests themselves. Results also showed limiting factors within the Psychology profession, which prevented psychologists from taking a more active stance in the protests. The limiting factors referred to phenomena which prevent psychologists from being able to take a role, not only in protests, but in society as a whole. These factors included the idea of the psychologist being a bystander and/or being limited by the professional scope of practice. The implications of these findings highlight the possible key roles that psychologists can play in protest situations. However, it shows that perceived limiting factors sometimes prevent these roles from being fully realised. The findings also then point to a broader issue within the Psychology discipline, specifically relating to its relevance in the South African context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Kramer, Briony
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Higher education and state -- South Africa , Psychologists -- South Africa , Student movements -- South Africa , College students -- Psychology -- South Africa -- Makhanda , Student movements -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76287 , vital:30544
- Description: Since 2015, students across South Africa have protested for free tertiary education. This protest movement is known as #FeesMustFall. It was deemed important to understand what psychologists could do in this movement, as these protests have highlighted the existing inequality and lack of transformation in South African universities. Further, these protests have shown to cause psychological sequelae, and, at present, there is very little information regarding the role of psychologists in these types of protests. In response, this current qualitative study explores what four psychologists believe their role could be within the protests, specifically within Grahamstown, Eastern Cape. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and a Thematic Analysis methodology and Critical Psychology approach were used to analyse the findings. The results of the study revealed that these psychologists understood they could have varying roles within the protests. These varying roles linked to the broader concept of transformative versus ameliorative interventions. Ameliorative practices are usually more short-term in their effect to initiate change and are mainly aimed at the individual level, while transformative approaches are long-term and are mainly aimed at the societal level. Under the ameliorative approach, the psychologists’ roles included that they provide individual therapy to students who were affected by the protests. The transformative approach, on the other hand, included that the psychologists use their role to act as advocates, negotiators or advisors, and therefore take an active role in assisting the University with the protests. The findings also showed that some participants were ambivalent and uncertain about their role. This ambivalence led to these participants questioning the protests themselves. Results also showed limiting factors within the Psychology profession, which prevented psychologists from taking a more active stance in the protests. The limiting factors referred to phenomena which prevent psychologists from being able to take a role, not only in protests, but in society as a whole. These factors included the idea of the psychologist being a bystander and/or being limited by the professional scope of practice. The implications of these findings highlight the possible key roles that psychologists can play in protest situations. However, it shows that perceived limiting factors sometimes prevent these roles from being fully realised. The findings also then point to a broader issue within the Psychology discipline, specifically relating to its relevance in the South African context.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The social construction of a racial identity on social media sites: a narrative inquiry
- Authors: van Vught, Chandré
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Construction of Racial Identity , Colored people (South Africa) -- Psychological aspects Internet users -- Psychology Cyberspace -- Psychological aspects Social psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44169 , vital:37122
- Description: The present study aimed to enhance the understanding of the social construction of Coloured identity on social media sites from the perspective of individuals who identify themselves as Coloured. Furthermore, the study explored how the participants’ engagement on social media sites influenced the construction of their online identities. A qualitative research approach was utilised with narrative inquiry as the research design to explore the perceptions that the participants held about identity, and in particular about Coloured identity. The aim of the study was achieved as six participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. The data collection method was individual semi-structured interviews, with the exception of one interview conducted with two participants. The findings were conceptualised according to credible literature sources and theories. Through the process of thematic analysis, the research yielded valuable findings. The study found that there was strong objection by one participant and ambivalence by other participants about the use of the term Coloured, and its association with identity due to the derogatory associations which stems from its origin. It was found that social media users who identify themselves as Coloured construct their online identities in such a way that it is consistent with their narration of their offline identities. Moreover, minimal importance was placed on racial identity online, as well as offline. However, the participants acknowledged that Coloured identity had predominantly been portrayed in accordance with negative stereotypes. The negative portrayals of Coloured identity were challenged, as these portrayals were not truthful to how the participants were socialised. Furthermore, there was a consensus among the participants that dominant narratives about Coloured identity must be de-constructed and re-constructed. As a social justice study, the present study challenged dominant constructs about Coloured identity in South Africa and is thus able to contribute towards heritage studies in vi South Africa. The significance of heritage studies in South Africa is paramount, as identity and heritage are interlinked. The study created meaning about the participants’ online identities, and thus created meaning of who they are on their social media platforms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: van Vught, Chandré
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Construction of Racial Identity , Colored people (South Africa) -- Psychological aspects Internet users -- Psychology Cyberspace -- Psychological aspects Social psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44169 , vital:37122
- Description: The present study aimed to enhance the understanding of the social construction of Coloured identity on social media sites from the perspective of individuals who identify themselves as Coloured. Furthermore, the study explored how the participants’ engagement on social media sites influenced the construction of their online identities. A qualitative research approach was utilised with narrative inquiry as the research design to explore the perceptions that the participants held about identity, and in particular about Coloured identity. The aim of the study was achieved as six participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. The data collection method was individual semi-structured interviews, with the exception of one interview conducted with two participants. The findings were conceptualised according to credible literature sources and theories. Through the process of thematic analysis, the research yielded valuable findings. The study found that there was strong objection by one participant and ambivalence by other participants about the use of the term Coloured, and its association with identity due to the derogatory associations which stems from its origin. It was found that social media users who identify themselves as Coloured construct their online identities in such a way that it is consistent with their narration of their offline identities. Moreover, minimal importance was placed on racial identity online, as well as offline. However, the participants acknowledged that Coloured identity had predominantly been portrayed in accordance with negative stereotypes. The negative portrayals of Coloured identity were challenged, as these portrayals were not truthful to how the participants were socialised. Furthermore, there was a consensus among the participants that dominant narratives about Coloured identity must be de-constructed and re-constructed. As a social justice study, the present study challenged dominant constructs about Coloured identity in South Africa and is thus able to contribute towards heritage studies in vi South Africa. The significance of heritage studies in South Africa is paramount, as identity and heritage are interlinked. The study created meaning about the participants’ online identities, and thus created meaning of who they are on their social media platforms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The sustainability of international labour organisation’s youth empowerment programme in Harare
- Authors: Muradya, Thelma Irene
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Youth in development -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Youth -- Employment -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Community development -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41592 , vital:36543
- Description: The study evaluated the sustainability of the International Labour Organisation’s ‘Skills for youth employment and rural development’ programme in Harare. The purpose of the study was to understand the reasons behind the rise of youth unemployment despite many interventions targeting youth being implemented within the country. Youth contribute to the development of nations if presented with opportunities. Also, the economy of Zimbabwe is highly informal; hence the need to assess the long term impact made by strengthening the skills of the youth through informal apprenticeships and if there were possibilities of growth within their businesses. Sustainability issues were therefore critical in addressing problems faced by youth empowerment initiatives, so as to ensure that beneficiaries of programs attain long term benefits in future and that future programmes can also make sustainability their core focus. This mixed method study utilised interviews with youth beneficiaries and an ILO official in Harare as well as document analysis to gather data about the programme. The findings indicated that despite the programme achieving its targeted objectives and providing skills within the various sectors as well as business and leadership skills, majority of youth remain unemployed. This is mostly attributed to a lack of financial support to start or grow businesses, politicisation of programmes and the unstable state of the Zimbabwean economy which is not favourable for the survival and growth of small businesses. The researcher recommended increased government participation and collaboration with the private sector to promote youth businesses and tackle unemployment in a holistic manner. Promotion of economic growth and stability, depolitising empowerment programmes and strengthening monitoring and evaluation systems are also crucial to achieve real impact in youth development initiatives. Furthermore, providing financial support, will aid in starting and sustaining businesses, after training.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Muradya, Thelma Irene
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Youth in development -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Youth -- Employment -- Zimbabwe -- Harare , Community development -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41592 , vital:36543
- Description: The study evaluated the sustainability of the International Labour Organisation’s ‘Skills for youth employment and rural development’ programme in Harare. The purpose of the study was to understand the reasons behind the rise of youth unemployment despite many interventions targeting youth being implemented within the country. Youth contribute to the development of nations if presented with opportunities. Also, the economy of Zimbabwe is highly informal; hence the need to assess the long term impact made by strengthening the skills of the youth through informal apprenticeships and if there were possibilities of growth within their businesses. Sustainability issues were therefore critical in addressing problems faced by youth empowerment initiatives, so as to ensure that beneficiaries of programs attain long term benefits in future and that future programmes can also make sustainability their core focus. This mixed method study utilised interviews with youth beneficiaries and an ILO official in Harare as well as document analysis to gather data about the programme. The findings indicated that despite the programme achieving its targeted objectives and providing skills within the various sectors as well as business and leadership skills, majority of youth remain unemployed. This is mostly attributed to a lack of financial support to start or grow businesses, politicisation of programmes and the unstable state of the Zimbabwean economy which is not favourable for the survival and growth of small businesses. The researcher recommended increased government participation and collaboration with the private sector to promote youth businesses and tackle unemployment in a holistic manner. Promotion of economic growth and stability, depolitising empowerment programmes and strengthening monitoring and evaluation systems are also crucial to achieve real impact in youth development initiatives. Furthermore, providing financial support, will aid in starting and sustaining businesses, after training.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The Zulu girl and other poems
- Authors: Ngidi, Sandile Brian
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Xhosa poetry
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/92748 , vital:30744
- Description: My thesis is a collection of English poems that converse with Mazisi Kunene’s literary corpus. I draw from both Kunene’s early works, which followed the pioneering work of the Zulu poet BW Vilakazi, and his socio‐political later work, which is at once Pan African in scope and intent yet deeply rooted in a Zulu socio‐linguistic milieu. Like Kunene, I aim to create a poetics of exile by working between languages, writing in Zulu and then translating into English to express my alienation in South Africa and what it means to be exiled from language and culture and speak a foreign language with your mother tongue. Here, I also take influence from the rich, evocative imagery in Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish's poetry of exile and the quest for a lost homeland, as well as Brazilian poet Adela Prado’s wit and direct speech. I also engage popular contemporary forms of expression and use poetry to question some themes in the popular music genre maskandi, especially its rhetoric on identity, class and gender politics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Ngidi, Sandile Brian
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Xhosa poetry
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/92748 , vital:30744
- Description: My thesis is a collection of English poems that converse with Mazisi Kunene’s literary corpus. I draw from both Kunene’s early works, which followed the pioneering work of the Zulu poet BW Vilakazi, and his socio‐political later work, which is at once Pan African in scope and intent yet deeply rooted in a Zulu socio‐linguistic milieu. Like Kunene, I aim to create a poetics of exile by working between languages, writing in Zulu and then translating into English to express my alienation in South Africa and what it means to be exiled from language and culture and speak a foreign language with your mother tongue. Here, I also take influence from the rich, evocative imagery in Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish's poetry of exile and the quest for a lost homeland, as well as Brazilian poet Adela Prado’s wit and direct speech. I also engage popular contemporary forms of expression and use poetry to question some themes in the popular music genre maskandi, especially its rhetoric on identity, class and gender politics.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Therefore I am
- Authors: Núñez-Lagos, Andres
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: South African fiction (English)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/92737 , vital:30743
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Núñez-Lagos, Andres
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: South African fiction (English)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/92737 , vital:30743
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Uhlalutyo-nzulu kusetyenziso lolwimi kwiincwadi ezikhethiweyo
- Mnwana-Qutywa, Noluyolo Beatrice
- Authors: Mnwana-Qutywa, Noluyolo Beatrice
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Grammar , Xhosa language -- Research Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) Computational linguistics
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41986 , vital:36615
- Description: Olu phando lujolise ekubetheleleni ingcamango yokuba ulwazi lwegrama yolwimi nobunjojeli kulwimi ngokubanzi kubalulekile kakhulu ekuphuculeni isakhono sokuthetha ulwimi ngokukuko nokulubhala ngokusemgangathweni. Kukho ingxaki nesihlava esiye sisendela sokungasetyenziswa ngokukuko kolwimi nkqu nangababhali boncwadi, nto leyo edala inkxalabo kuba ukuphela nokuphanza kolwimi kukuphela kwesizwe. Xa kuthethwa ngetekisi kuthethwa ngentsingiselo yayo, ntsingiselo leyo idula ngokuhlalutywa, kunikwe ingqwalasela emandla kwiintsingiselo eziziswa ngamagama ngokwendlela asetyenziswe ngayo. Kuyinto eyaziwayo ukuba igama, alaneli nje ukunika intsingiselo njengoko lisetyenzisiwe entethweni koko nendawo elimi kuyo ngokokuma kwamagama kwintetho okanye kwisivakalisi kunegalelo elinzulu ekuphuhliseni oko kujoliswe kuko ngokwentetho leyo, nokuba iyintetho yomlomo okanye ebhaliweyo. Xa kuchazwa ubuni bolwimi njengesixhobo sonxibelelwano ayinakusingelwa phantsi injongo yokusetyenziswa kwalo. Yiva xa ezi ngcali zigalela ngelithi: “Language offers a window into cognitive function, providing insights into the nature, structure and organisation of thoughts and ideas”. Ngokwalo mhlomlo wezi ngcali ungentla kucaca cace ukubaluleka kolwimi njengesixhobo sokunxibelelana nokusingqongileyo kanti nokuvakalisa iingcamango nezimvo. Ikakhulu ababhali xa bebhala iincwadi zabo kusoloko kukho udaba abanqwenela ukwabelana ngalo nabanye abantu. Olo nxibelelwano luphuhliseka ngakumbi xa ubani enolwazi olunzulu lolwimi. Kolu phando, kuza kuqanyelwa ngesiThako sobuNzululwazi beNgxoxo-Buciko (Critical Discourse Analysis) kuba sona sibethelela ukuhlalutywa kucubungulwe indlela ulwimi olusetyenziswe ngayo kwiitekisi ezibhaliweyo kanti nakwintetho yomlomo, kwaye sikwaphanda nzulu ngeenjongo zokusetyenziswa kolwimi.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Mnwana-Qutywa, Noluyolo Beatrice
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Grammar , Xhosa language -- Research Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) Computational linguistics
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41986 , vital:36615
- Description: Olu phando lujolise ekubetheleleni ingcamango yokuba ulwazi lwegrama yolwimi nobunjojeli kulwimi ngokubanzi kubalulekile kakhulu ekuphuculeni isakhono sokuthetha ulwimi ngokukuko nokulubhala ngokusemgangathweni. Kukho ingxaki nesihlava esiye sisendela sokungasetyenziswa ngokukuko kolwimi nkqu nangababhali boncwadi, nto leyo edala inkxalabo kuba ukuphela nokuphanza kolwimi kukuphela kwesizwe. Xa kuthethwa ngetekisi kuthethwa ngentsingiselo yayo, ntsingiselo leyo idula ngokuhlalutywa, kunikwe ingqwalasela emandla kwiintsingiselo eziziswa ngamagama ngokwendlela asetyenziswe ngayo. Kuyinto eyaziwayo ukuba igama, alaneli nje ukunika intsingiselo njengoko lisetyenzisiwe entethweni koko nendawo elimi kuyo ngokokuma kwamagama kwintetho okanye kwisivakalisi kunegalelo elinzulu ekuphuhliseni oko kujoliswe kuko ngokwentetho leyo, nokuba iyintetho yomlomo okanye ebhaliweyo. Xa kuchazwa ubuni bolwimi njengesixhobo sonxibelelwano ayinakusingelwa phantsi injongo yokusetyenziswa kwalo. Yiva xa ezi ngcali zigalela ngelithi: “Language offers a window into cognitive function, providing insights into the nature, structure and organisation of thoughts and ideas”. Ngokwalo mhlomlo wezi ngcali ungentla kucaca cace ukubaluleka kolwimi njengesixhobo sokunxibelelana nokusingqongileyo kanti nokuvakalisa iingcamango nezimvo. Ikakhulu ababhali xa bebhala iincwadi zabo kusoloko kukho udaba abanqwenela ukwabelana ngalo nabanye abantu. Olo nxibelelwano luphuhliseka ngakumbi xa ubani enolwazi olunzulu lolwimi. Kolu phando, kuza kuqanyelwa ngesiThako sobuNzululwazi beNgxoxo-Buciko (Critical Discourse Analysis) kuba sona sibethelela ukuhlalutywa kucubungulwe indlela ulwimi olusetyenziswe ngayo kwiitekisi ezibhaliweyo kanti nakwintetho yomlomo, kwaye sikwaphanda nzulu ngeenjongo zokusetyenziswa kolwimi.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Unaccompanied refugee children's experiences in migration to South Africa
- Nthako, Matsedeso Emily Delle
- Authors: Nthako, Matsedeso Emily Delle
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Refugee children -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects , Refugee children -- South Africa -- Social conditions Emigration and immigration -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42738 , vital:36686
- Description: An increasing number of children from countries as far as Zimbabwe, Somalia, Democratic of Congo are migrating across South African's borders in the absence of their parents, relatives or care givers. Such children face a myraid of life-threatening experiences that are different from those of adult refugees in migration. While a great deal of research covered the experiences of adult refugees, those unaccompanied refugee children generally understudied. Valuable lessons can be derived from conducting studies to gain insight into their subjective experiences. This study explores and describes psychological experiences of URC in migration to South Africa. This is a qualitative study that follows an exploratory-descriptive research design. Purposive non-probability selection of participants. Data collection is derived from individual, semi-structured interviews and is analysed using thematic analysis. The findings are an exploration of the URC's experiences include detaching from the environment, family separation and loss, psychological challenges and coping mechanisms dealing with the inner being and children's perceptions of migration.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Nthako, Matsedeso Emily Delle
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Refugee children -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects , Refugee children -- South Africa -- Social conditions Emigration and immigration -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42738 , vital:36686
- Description: An increasing number of children from countries as far as Zimbabwe, Somalia, Democratic of Congo are migrating across South African's borders in the absence of their parents, relatives or care givers. Such children face a myraid of life-threatening experiences that are different from those of adult refugees in migration. While a great deal of research covered the experiences of adult refugees, those unaccompanied refugee children generally understudied. Valuable lessons can be derived from conducting studies to gain insight into their subjective experiences. This study explores and describes psychological experiences of URC in migration to South Africa. This is a qualitative study that follows an exploratory-descriptive research design. Purposive non-probability selection of participants. Data collection is derived from individual, semi-structured interviews and is analysed using thematic analysis. The findings are an exploration of the URC's experiences include detaching from the environment, family separation and loss, psychological challenges and coping mechanisms dealing with the inner being and children's perceptions of migration.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2019
Understanding rape perpetration: social origins and enactment
- Authors: Malahle, Bongani
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Rape -- Psychological aspects -- South Africa , Sex crimes -- Psychological aspects -- South Africa Women -- Crimes against -- South Africa Cognitive therapy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/40834 , vital:36241
- Description: In South Africa rates of rape perpetration remain high despite efforts to prevent such violence. Globally, violence (including rape perpetration) has been declared a public health concern by governments and policy makers. This provided impetus for large epidemiological studies that has documented a number of risk factors for perpetration. However, despite these efforts, there are still large gaps in our understanding of rape perpetration, because studies often focus on risk factors rather than the dynamics of rape perpetration. Despite the significant quantitative descriptions of perpetration, there are still aspects which are not well understood, such as the interplay of social constructions and other factors during the actual act of perpetration. It has been suggested that rape can only be understood by engaging perpetrators and that such investigations can inform positive interventions in dealing with rape perpetration. The present study explored and described the origins of reasons for perpetration (subjective meanings and social constructs) and how these reasons interplay with other factors during the enactment of rape in South Africa. The data was purposively collected from seven incarcerated rape perpetrators from a correctional facility close to a major metropolitan area using semi-structured interviews. Data was analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Social Cognitive Learning Theory was used as the main theoretical framework to contextualise the results. Some of the findings in the present study include solipsism and sexual solipsism as reasons, patriarchy and hegemonic masculinity as influential in the social origins, and moral dysregulation as a one of the tools to effect enactment of rape perpetration. Some of the recommendations include employing more psychological workers in the primary health care sector. Furthermore, continued engagement of males by NGO’s, NPO’s, school-based programmes, and community activism to combat the narratives that lead to moral disengagement is recommended.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Malahle, Bongani
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Rape -- Psychological aspects -- South Africa , Sex crimes -- Psychological aspects -- South Africa Women -- Crimes against -- South Africa Cognitive therapy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/40834 , vital:36241
- Description: In South Africa rates of rape perpetration remain high despite efforts to prevent such violence. Globally, violence (including rape perpetration) has been declared a public health concern by governments and policy makers. This provided impetus for large epidemiological studies that has documented a number of risk factors for perpetration. However, despite these efforts, there are still large gaps in our understanding of rape perpetration, because studies often focus on risk factors rather than the dynamics of rape perpetration. Despite the significant quantitative descriptions of perpetration, there are still aspects which are not well understood, such as the interplay of social constructions and other factors during the actual act of perpetration. It has been suggested that rape can only be understood by engaging perpetrators and that such investigations can inform positive interventions in dealing with rape perpetration. The present study explored and described the origins of reasons for perpetration (subjective meanings and social constructs) and how these reasons interplay with other factors during the enactment of rape in South Africa. The data was purposively collected from seven incarcerated rape perpetrators from a correctional facility close to a major metropolitan area using semi-structured interviews. Data was analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Social Cognitive Learning Theory was used as the main theoretical framework to contextualise the results. Some of the findings in the present study include solipsism and sexual solipsism as reasons, patriarchy and hegemonic masculinity as influential in the social origins, and moral dysregulation as a one of the tools to effect enactment of rape perpetration. Some of the recommendations include employing more psychological workers in the primary health care sector. Furthermore, continued engagement of males by NGO’s, NPO’s, school-based programmes, and community activism to combat the narratives that lead to moral disengagement is recommended.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Understanding the experiences of Zimbabwean students as foreign students at South African universities: the case of Rhodes University
- Authors: Daki, Andile Lebohang
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Rhodes University -- Students -- Attitudes , Zimbabwean college students -- South Africa , Zimbabwean college students -- South Africa -- Conduct of life , Zimbabwean college students -- South Africa -- Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/96225 , vital:31252
- Description: This thesis seeks to understand the cultural and social experiences of black Zimbabwean students, as foreign students, at Rhodes University in Grahamstown, South Africa. It examines the ways in which black Zimbabwean students negotiate the cultural, social and institutional milieu of Rhodes University, which is a former white English-medium university. In doing so, the thesis draws upon Interface theory because, once entering the university space, these students interpret the space and simultaneously negotiate their way in and through this space along cultural and social interfaces. The fieldwork for the thesis involved in-depth interviews with eighteen black Zimbabwean students at the university, stratified in terms of both gender and year of study. A focus on gender facilitated an understanding of possible differences between male and female Zimbabwean students in terms of social and cultural experiences; while a consideration of year of study allowed for an examination of possible shifts in negotiation over time, from first year to Master’s level. The findings demonstrate a range of challenges faced by black Zimbabwean students while at Rhodes University, some of which arise from differences between Zimbabwean and South African society. At the same time, there are considerable differences amongst black Zimbabwean students in relation to the manner in which negotiation took place. While some students negotiate the space through active socialising and assimilating into the local world and lives of South African students as well as the university’s institutional culture, other students negotiate the space through isolation and alienation. Overall, with regard to adjusting to the world of Rhodes and South Africa, students pursued different routes which, in the end, made sense to them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Daki, Andile Lebohang
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Rhodes University -- Students -- Attitudes , Zimbabwean college students -- South Africa , Zimbabwean college students -- South Africa -- Conduct of life , Zimbabwean college students -- South Africa -- Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/96225 , vital:31252
- Description: This thesis seeks to understand the cultural and social experiences of black Zimbabwean students, as foreign students, at Rhodes University in Grahamstown, South Africa. It examines the ways in which black Zimbabwean students negotiate the cultural, social and institutional milieu of Rhodes University, which is a former white English-medium university. In doing so, the thesis draws upon Interface theory because, once entering the university space, these students interpret the space and simultaneously negotiate their way in and through this space along cultural and social interfaces. The fieldwork for the thesis involved in-depth interviews with eighteen black Zimbabwean students at the university, stratified in terms of both gender and year of study. A focus on gender facilitated an understanding of possible differences between male and female Zimbabwean students in terms of social and cultural experiences; while a consideration of year of study allowed for an examination of possible shifts in negotiation over time, from first year to Master’s level. The findings demonstrate a range of challenges faced by black Zimbabwean students while at Rhodes University, some of which arise from differences between Zimbabwean and South African society. At the same time, there are considerable differences amongst black Zimbabwean students in relation to the manner in which negotiation took place. While some students negotiate the space through active socialising and assimilating into the local world and lives of South African students as well as the university’s institutional culture, other students negotiate the space through isolation and alienation. Overall, with regard to adjusting to the world of Rhodes and South Africa, students pursued different routes which, in the end, made sense to them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Understanding the perceived role of mobile media in relation to development in a South African rural area
- Authors: Chatikobo, Tatenda
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Mobile communication systems -- South Africa , Internet telephony -- South Africa , Mobile communication systems -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Internet telephony -- Social aspects --South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/95360 , vital:31148
- Description: This study explores the different perceptions of mobile media in relation to development within Dwesa, a marginalised rural community in South Africa. The proliferation of mobile phones and increasing access to the internet in Africa, and South Africa in particular, is extensively documented and attempts have been made to explore its impact on development. Drawing on adapted aspects of the Diffusion of innovation theory (DoI), the study seeks to understand the relative advantage, compatibility with needs and values, and observable benefits of using mobile media for a rural community. I provide a critical discussion of the concept of development and its relationship with digital technologies and innovation. I reflect on the Diffusion of innovation theory, highlighting its critiques, adaptations and modifications in studies, particularly in the Global South. The present study employs a qualitative methodology and relies on focus groups, semi-structured interviews and observation as methods of data collection. Participants were divided into three focus groups based on Rogers classification of innovativeness (early adopters, majority adopters and late/non-adopters) and I conducted two follow-up interviews with participants of each focus group. I analysed the data thematically. Research participants identified several areas where mobile media contributed to development and positive change, such as lowering the cost of access to information and communication, staying in touch with distant relatives, increasing access to services and providing entertainment, especially among young people. The participants noted that despite these positive changes, that mobile media on its own cannot be expected to address challenges of infrastructure and public service delivery. Research findings also revealed that mobile media might interfere with socio-cultural values of respect, human dignity and privacy. I conclude that, while mobile media is generally considered as beneficial, its critical role in improving the socio-economic conditions of people in Dwesa still remains in doubt. The study provides an opportunity to further investigate the compatibility of mobile media with socio-cultural values along the lines of age and gender, and address issues of digital skills and digital marginalisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Chatikobo, Tatenda
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Mobile communication systems -- South Africa , Internet telephony -- South Africa , Mobile communication systems -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Internet telephony -- Social aspects --South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/95360 , vital:31148
- Description: This study explores the different perceptions of mobile media in relation to development within Dwesa, a marginalised rural community in South Africa. The proliferation of mobile phones and increasing access to the internet in Africa, and South Africa in particular, is extensively documented and attempts have been made to explore its impact on development. Drawing on adapted aspects of the Diffusion of innovation theory (DoI), the study seeks to understand the relative advantage, compatibility with needs and values, and observable benefits of using mobile media for a rural community. I provide a critical discussion of the concept of development and its relationship with digital technologies and innovation. I reflect on the Diffusion of innovation theory, highlighting its critiques, adaptations and modifications in studies, particularly in the Global South. The present study employs a qualitative methodology and relies on focus groups, semi-structured interviews and observation as methods of data collection. Participants were divided into three focus groups based on Rogers classification of innovativeness (early adopters, majority adopters and late/non-adopters) and I conducted two follow-up interviews with participants of each focus group. I analysed the data thematically. Research participants identified several areas where mobile media contributed to development and positive change, such as lowering the cost of access to information and communication, staying in touch with distant relatives, increasing access to services and providing entertainment, especially among young people. The participants noted that despite these positive changes, that mobile media on its own cannot be expected to address challenges of infrastructure and public service delivery. Research findings also revealed that mobile media might interfere with socio-cultural values of respect, human dignity and privacy. I conclude that, while mobile media is generally considered as beneficial, its critical role in improving the socio-economic conditions of people in Dwesa still remains in doubt. The study provides an opportunity to further investigate the compatibility of mobile media with socio-cultural values along the lines of age and gender, and address issues of digital skills and digital marginalisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Ungenelelwano leelwimi zaseafrika isixhosa nesishona kujoliswe kwifonoloji yamaqabane nezikhamiso
- Authors: Nenga, Thethelwa Maureen
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Grammar , Shona language -- Grammar African languages -- Africa African languages -- Africa, Southern
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45216 , vital:38333
- Description: Lo msebenzi uza kusebenza njengelinge lokuvumbulula kuhlahlelwa iimbonakalo ezithi ziphuhliswe ngabantu abathi benalo ulwimi olulolwabo lokuzalwa nolulolweenkobe, bathi banyanzelwe ziimeko zeentshukumo ezithile zentlalo bazibhaqe befunda ukuthetha nokubhala ulwimi lwabanye abantu. Kuye ke kuthi kwimigudu yabo yokuphimisela izandi kubekho ubunzima kuphimiselo lwezandi ezithile zolu lwimi bajolise ukulufunda nokulazi. Ulwimi lwabo luthi ludlale indima ephambili kuphimiselo lwezandi zolu lwimi lutsha bajolise ukulufunda nokulazi, (Lado 1957:77) kananjalo kuphawuleka ukuba kukho ukunxaxha okuthile kubizo nakubhalo lwezandi ezithile kulwimi abajolise ukulazi. Le ngcingane yokunxaxha kolwimi ethatyathwa njengenyaniso engekaqinisekiswa nethe yaveliswa ngabantu abathi benalo ulwimi olulolwabo kwiinzame zabo zokuthetha nokubhala ulwimi lwabanye abantu, iye yayimbangi nesizekabani sokuba kube kuthatyathwa uhambo olude lophando ziingcali zabaphandi beelwimi. Mandulo phaya oku kunxaxha kulwimi kwakubonwa njengesenzo esilisikizi nomqobo kwiinkqubo zokufunda ulwimi. Kuthe ngenxa yokuhamba kwamaxesha oosozilwimi baphawula ukuba oku kunxaxha makungathatyathwa njengeziphoso ezifuna ukulungiswa koko makuthatyathwe njengenyathelo lolwimi eliqhelekileyo nelingenakuthintelwa. Ngokweengcali zeelwimi kukholeleka ukuba oku kunxaxha kububungqina besixokelelwano solwimi esibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokufunda ulwimi. Kungoko kubalulekile ukuba kugqogqwe kucutyungulwe iincwadi zezi ngqwemla zilandelayo, uCoder (1967), uSelinker (1972), uTarone (1979), uNemser (1971), uChomsky (1965) kunye nezinye iingcali. Zezi ncwadi eziza kuphuhlisa ukunxaxha kolwimi okufuthelwa ziimeko ngeemeko njengoko ezi ngqwemla zicacisa. Ikwalolu phando oluza kushukuxa iinguqulelo-zandi ezithi zenzeke kubantu abantetho isisiShona xa bezama ukuthetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa ngokwefonoliji nethi yona ijongane neendlela ezithi izandi zifuthelane ngayo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Nenga, Thethelwa Maureen
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Grammar , Shona language -- Grammar African languages -- Africa African languages -- Africa, Southern
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45216 , vital:38333
- Description: Lo msebenzi uza kusebenza njengelinge lokuvumbulula kuhlahlelwa iimbonakalo ezithi ziphuhliswe ngabantu abathi benalo ulwimi olulolwabo lokuzalwa nolulolweenkobe, bathi banyanzelwe ziimeko zeentshukumo ezithile zentlalo bazibhaqe befunda ukuthetha nokubhala ulwimi lwabanye abantu. Kuye ke kuthi kwimigudu yabo yokuphimisela izandi kubekho ubunzima kuphimiselo lwezandi ezithile zolu lwimi bajolise ukulufunda nokulazi. Ulwimi lwabo luthi ludlale indima ephambili kuphimiselo lwezandi zolu lwimi lutsha bajolise ukulufunda nokulazi, (Lado 1957:77) kananjalo kuphawuleka ukuba kukho ukunxaxha okuthile kubizo nakubhalo lwezandi ezithile kulwimi abajolise ukulazi. Le ngcingane yokunxaxha kolwimi ethatyathwa njengenyaniso engekaqinisekiswa nethe yaveliswa ngabantu abathi benalo ulwimi olulolwabo kwiinzame zabo zokuthetha nokubhala ulwimi lwabanye abantu, iye yayimbangi nesizekabani sokuba kube kuthatyathwa uhambo olude lophando ziingcali zabaphandi beelwimi. Mandulo phaya oku kunxaxha kulwimi kwakubonwa njengesenzo esilisikizi nomqobo kwiinkqubo zokufunda ulwimi. Kuthe ngenxa yokuhamba kwamaxesha oosozilwimi baphawula ukuba oku kunxaxha makungathatyathwa njengeziphoso ezifuna ukulungiswa koko makuthatyathwe njengenyathelo lolwimi eliqhelekileyo nelingenakuthintelwa. Ngokweengcali zeelwimi kukholeleka ukuba oku kunxaxha kububungqina besixokelelwano solwimi esibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokufunda ulwimi. Kungoko kubalulekile ukuba kugqogqwe kucutyungulwe iincwadi zezi ngqwemla zilandelayo, uCoder (1967), uSelinker (1972), uTarone (1979), uNemser (1971), uChomsky (1965) kunye nezinye iingcali. Zezi ncwadi eziza kuphuhlisa ukunxaxha kolwimi okufuthelwa ziimeko ngeemeko njengoko ezi ngqwemla zicacisa. Ikwalolu phando oluza kushukuxa iinguqulelo-zandi ezithi zenzeke kubantu abantetho isisiShona xa bezama ukuthetha ulwimi lwesiXhosa ngokwefonoliji nethi yona ijongane neendlela ezithi izandi zifuthelane ngayo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Uphandonzulu malunga nokutyeshelwa kokufundiswa kolwimi lwesixhosa kwizikolo ezazibizwa model C
- Authors: Notuku, Liza
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa , Xhosa language -- Study and teaching (Elementary) Multicultural education -- South Africa Native language and education -- South Africa
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42803 , vital:36693
- Description: Olu phando lusekelezelwe ukubuyisela inkcubeko yabaNtsundu esele bephulukene nayo ngenxa yokulandela iilwimi zaseNtshona. Ngokwenkcubeko yeMveli kubalulekile ukuba umntu azazi izithethe, amasiko nenkcubeko yakhe ngobubanzi. Ukuzazi kuya kumnceda umntu asinde kwimikhuba nemikhwa ebonwa komabonakude neviwa koonomathotholo imihla nezolo. Kolu phando ulwimi lusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokunqanda ukwehla komgangatho womntu oMnyama phakathi kwezinye iintlanga ngenxa yokungahoywa kolwimi lwesiXhosa. Uphando luthwele inkuthazo yokufakwa kolwimi lwesiXhosa kwikharityhulam yokufunda nokufundisa kwizikolo ezikumbindi wedolophu. Intsusamabandla yolu phando kukubona indlela abafundi abaMnyama abafunda kwizikolo ezazibizwa ngooModel C abalahlekelwa ngalo lulwimi lwabo lweenkobe ngenxa yokutyeshelwa kwalo. Lukwabonisa abazali babantwana ubungozi bokufunda ngolwimi olongezelelweyo, lwimi olo lwenza abantwana bangaphuhli ngokupheleleyo njengoko besenza abantwana abafunda ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe. Ubungozi ngokufunda ngolwimi lo mnye umntu kukuba abantwana abazuzi izakhono ngokulinganayo kuba lo ungafundi ngolwimi lwakhe uya sokola, aphele engaphantsi ngokomgangatho kulo ufunda ngolwimi lwakhe lweenkobe. Uphando olu lukwasisilumkiso nangendlela olulahleka ngalo ulwimi lude lube kanti luya phela ngenxa yokunyevulelwa kwangabo aba balo. Loo nto ibenza baphulukane kwanezinto esele benazo basale bezimpula zikalujacu. Olu xwebhu luyinkuthazo kumzi wonke wakwaXhosa ukuba kucingwe nzulu nangokutsha ngokusetyenziswa kolwimi lwabo ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kubutyebi beli lizwe. Lo msebenzi ndiwunikela kuni mzi wakwaXhosa ngethemba lokuba nakukhe nizirhabulele kulo vimba uzele yingqaka nibuye niwonwabele.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Notuku, Liza
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa , Xhosa language -- Study and teaching (Elementary) Multicultural education -- South Africa Native language and education -- South Africa
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42803 , vital:36693
- Description: Olu phando lusekelezelwe ukubuyisela inkcubeko yabaNtsundu esele bephulukene nayo ngenxa yokulandela iilwimi zaseNtshona. Ngokwenkcubeko yeMveli kubalulekile ukuba umntu azazi izithethe, amasiko nenkcubeko yakhe ngobubanzi. Ukuzazi kuya kumnceda umntu asinde kwimikhuba nemikhwa ebonwa komabonakude neviwa koonomathotholo imihla nezolo. Kolu phando ulwimi lusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokunqanda ukwehla komgangatho womntu oMnyama phakathi kwezinye iintlanga ngenxa yokungahoywa kolwimi lwesiXhosa. Uphando luthwele inkuthazo yokufakwa kolwimi lwesiXhosa kwikharityhulam yokufunda nokufundisa kwizikolo ezikumbindi wedolophu. Intsusamabandla yolu phando kukubona indlela abafundi abaMnyama abafunda kwizikolo ezazibizwa ngooModel C abalahlekelwa ngalo lulwimi lwabo lweenkobe ngenxa yokutyeshelwa kwalo. Lukwabonisa abazali babantwana ubungozi bokufunda ngolwimi olongezelelweyo, lwimi olo lwenza abantwana bangaphuhli ngokupheleleyo njengoko besenza abantwana abafunda ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe. Ubungozi ngokufunda ngolwimi lo mnye umntu kukuba abantwana abazuzi izakhono ngokulinganayo kuba lo ungafundi ngolwimi lwakhe uya sokola, aphele engaphantsi ngokomgangatho kulo ufunda ngolwimi lwakhe lweenkobe. Uphando olu lukwasisilumkiso nangendlela olulahleka ngalo ulwimi lude lube kanti luya phela ngenxa yokunyevulelwa kwangabo aba balo. Loo nto ibenza baphulukane kwanezinto esele benazo basale bezimpula zikalujacu. Olu xwebhu luyinkuthazo kumzi wonke wakwaXhosa ukuba kucingwe nzulu nangokutsha ngokusetyenziswa kolwimi lwabo ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kubutyebi beli lizwe. Lo msebenzi ndiwunikela kuni mzi wakwaXhosa ngethemba lokuba nakukhe nizirhabulele kulo vimba uzele yingqaka nibuye niwonwabele.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Uphicotho nzulu lobunzululwazi bolwimi olusetyenziswa kwimiyalezo emifutshane yesiXhosa sisini esahlukeneyo
- Authors: Gwavu-Peter, Yoliswa Ruby
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Grammar , Applied linguistics , Sociolinguistics , Linguistic change -- Social aspects
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39653 , vital:35343
- Description: Olu phando luza kuthi lubeke umnwe kwindlela ulwimi negrama ezithi zisetyenziswe ngayo kumakhasi onxibelelwano zizini ezahlukileyo. Imiyalezo emifutshane iye yathatha unyawo kule mihla sikuyo. Ukanti kukho nokugxekwa kwayo ngenxa yokuba inempembelelo kuphanzo lolwimi. Olunye uphando olwenziweyo luyaphikisana nale mbono njengokuba lungqina ukuba itextism* ayonakalisi lwazi lwamntu kulwimi. Umahluko ophawulekayo kwimiyalezo ethunyelwa ngamadoda nabafazi awukabonakali uphandiwe esiXhoseni, nto leyo ethe yakhuthaza umphandi ukuba akhe avule indlela. Olu phando lujolise ekuphononongeni igrama yesiXhosa kwimiyalezo emifutshane ethunyelwa zizini ezahlukeneyo. Abathathi nxaxheba kolu phando bayikhethe ngokwabo imiyalezo eza kuthi isetyenziswe kolu phando. Uhlalutyo luza kuthi lujonge ikhophasi engangemiyalezo elikhulu linamashumi mahlanu (150) ethunyelwe ngabathathi nxaxheba abangamashumi amahlanu anesihlanu (55), amadoda angamashumi amabini anesihlanu (25) kunye namabhinqa angamashumi amathathu (30). Abantu abanikezele ngemiyalezo baza kunikwa uxwebhu oluchaza ngeenjongo zolu phando nesizathu sokusebenzisa imiyalezo emifutshane njengomsimelelo wolu phando. Kuza kufuneka batyikitye noxwebhu lwesivumelwano. Yonke le miyalezo ivela kubantu abathetha isiXhosa njengolwimi lwasekhaya. Iminyaka yabantu abanikele ngemiyalezo yabo ngokukhululekileyo iphakathi kwama-25 kunye nama-48. Isizathu sokuba amabhinqa ibe ngawona maninzi anikezele ngemiyalezo kunamadoda sesokuba amadoda ebemadolwa-nzima ukunikezela ngemiyalezo yawo kunamabhinqa. Injongo ibikukufumana amanani alinganayo kwisini ngasinye. Olu phando luza kuthi luthathe indlela yentyila-lwazi njengoko kuza kuthi kuhlalutywe, kucakacwe kuchazwe le miyalezo ikhethelwe uphando. Umphandi uza kuthi asebenzise ingcingane yobunzululwazi yolwimi yoluntu (sociolinguistics*) njengengundoqo kolu phando ze ezinye iingcingane ezifana nefonoloji, isintaksi kunye netextism zisetyenziswe ukuxhasa le ingundoqo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Gwavu-Peter, Yoliswa Ruby
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Grammar , Applied linguistics , Sociolinguistics , Linguistic change -- Social aspects
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39653 , vital:35343
- Description: Olu phando luza kuthi lubeke umnwe kwindlela ulwimi negrama ezithi zisetyenziswe ngayo kumakhasi onxibelelwano zizini ezahlukileyo. Imiyalezo emifutshane iye yathatha unyawo kule mihla sikuyo. Ukanti kukho nokugxekwa kwayo ngenxa yokuba inempembelelo kuphanzo lolwimi. Olunye uphando olwenziweyo luyaphikisana nale mbono njengokuba lungqina ukuba itextism* ayonakalisi lwazi lwamntu kulwimi. Umahluko ophawulekayo kwimiyalezo ethunyelwa ngamadoda nabafazi awukabonakali uphandiwe esiXhoseni, nto leyo ethe yakhuthaza umphandi ukuba akhe avule indlela. Olu phando lujolise ekuphononongeni igrama yesiXhosa kwimiyalezo emifutshane ethunyelwa zizini ezahlukeneyo. Abathathi nxaxheba kolu phando bayikhethe ngokwabo imiyalezo eza kuthi isetyenziswe kolu phando. Uhlalutyo luza kuthi lujonge ikhophasi engangemiyalezo elikhulu linamashumi mahlanu (150) ethunyelwe ngabathathi nxaxheba abangamashumi amahlanu anesihlanu (55), amadoda angamashumi amabini anesihlanu (25) kunye namabhinqa angamashumi amathathu (30). Abantu abanikezele ngemiyalezo baza kunikwa uxwebhu oluchaza ngeenjongo zolu phando nesizathu sokusebenzisa imiyalezo emifutshane njengomsimelelo wolu phando. Kuza kufuneka batyikitye noxwebhu lwesivumelwano. Yonke le miyalezo ivela kubantu abathetha isiXhosa njengolwimi lwasekhaya. Iminyaka yabantu abanikele ngemiyalezo yabo ngokukhululekileyo iphakathi kwama-25 kunye nama-48. Isizathu sokuba amabhinqa ibe ngawona maninzi anikezele ngemiyalezo kunamadoda sesokuba amadoda ebemadolwa-nzima ukunikezela ngemiyalezo yawo kunamabhinqa. Injongo ibikukufumana amanani alinganayo kwisini ngasinye. Olu phando luza kuthi luthathe indlela yentyila-lwazi njengoko kuza kuthi kuhlalutywe, kucakacwe kuchazwe le miyalezo ikhethelwe uphando. Umphandi uza kuthi asebenzise ingcingane yobunzululwazi yolwimi yoluntu (sociolinguistics*) njengengundoqo kolu phando ze ezinye iingcingane ezifana nefonoloji, isintaksi kunye netextism zisetyenziswe ukuxhasa le ingundoqo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Uphononongo nzulu lwefuthe lempatho-mbi kubalinganiswa kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo zesiXhosa
- Ngaleka, Nontobeko Priscilla
- Authors: Ngaleka, Nontobeko Priscilla
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Xhosa fiction -- Research -- 21st century , Xhosa fiction -- 21st century -- History and criticism Marriage in literature Abused women in literature Criticism Literature -- Philosophy
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41819 , vital:36600
- Description: Olu phando luza kucazulula ifuthe lempatho-mbi kwizimo zabalinganiswa kuza kujongwa iimeko zokuhlala nempembelelo yazo. Kuza kujongwa ngeliso elibanzi iingxaki ezizalwa yimpatho-mbi kwalapha kuza kuqwalaselwa ukuba abalinganiswa bachaphazeleka njani. Uphando luza kuphengulula incwadi kaDlulani ethi, ‘Ulimile nje uza kuvuna’, ekaGwegwe ethi, ‘Nosel’eyibethile akakayoji’, ekaMagqashela ethi, ‘Isangxa siyawhuza’, ekaSankqela ethi, ‘Kazi yozala nkomoni’ nekaThuthani ethi, ‘Nal’ilanga’. Apha kwezi ncwadi kuza kuhlutywa ifuthe lempatho-mbi kwizimo zabalinganiswa. Isahluko sokuqala kuza kunikwa amagqabantshintshi ngophando olu. Esi sahluko siphethe. Ingabula zigcawu, Iinjongo zophando, Ingxaki yolu phando, Imibuzo yophando, Indlela oluza kuqhutywa ngayo uphando, Izimvo zabanye ababhali, Ingcaciso yamagama. Isahluko sesibini apha sifumana isiseko sengcingane yobume bengqondo, eluphahla loluphando kunye nengcingane yempatho-mbi. Sifumane neengcingane ezoyamileyo ingcingane yokuqonda, eyenkcubeko neyokuhlala. Isahluko sesithathu siqulethe iingxaki ezizala utshintsho kwizimo zabalinganiswa. Isahluko sesine sona sizisa iziphumo zempatho-mbi kwizimo zabalinganiswa. Isahluko sesihlanu sishwankathela sizise iziphumo zophando, kunikwe umkhombandlela kuqukunjelwe uphando.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Ngaleka, Nontobeko Priscilla
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Xhosa fiction -- Research -- 21st century , Xhosa fiction -- 21st century -- History and criticism Marriage in literature Abused women in literature Criticism Literature -- Philosophy
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41819 , vital:36600
- Description: Olu phando luza kucazulula ifuthe lempatho-mbi kwizimo zabalinganiswa kuza kujongwa iimeko zokuhlala nempembelelo yazo. Kuza kujongwa ngeliso elibanzi iingxaki ezizalwa yimpatho-mbi kwalapha kuza kuqwalaselwa ukuba abalinganiswa bachaphazeleka njani. Uphando luza kuphengulula incwadi kaDlulani ethi, ‘Ulimile nje uza kuvuna’, ekaGwegwe ethi, ‘Nosel’eyibethile akakayoji’, ekaMagqashela ethi, ‘Isangxa siyawhuza’, ekaSankqela ethi, ‘Kazi yozala nkomoni’ nekaThuthani ethi, ‘Nal’ilanga’. Apha kwezi ncwadi kuza kuhlutywa ifuthe lempatho-mbi kwizimo zabalinganiswa. Isahluko sokuqala kuza kunikwa amagqabantshintshi ngophando olu. Esi sahluko siphethe. Ingabula zigcawu, Iinjongo zophando, Ingxaki yolu phando, Imibuzo yophando, Indlela oluza kuqhutywa ngayo uphando, Izimvo zabanye ababhali, Ingcaciso yamagama. Isahluko sesibini apha sifumana isiseko sengcingane yobume bengqondo, eluphahla loluphando kunye nengcingane yempatho-mbi. Sifumane neengcingane ezoyamileyo ingcingane yokuqonda, eyenkcubeko neyokuhlala. Isahluko sesithathu siqulethe iingxaki ezizala utshintsho kwizimo zabalinganiswa. Isahluko sesine sona sizisa iziphumo zempatho-mbi kwizimo zabalinganiswa. Isahluko sesihlanu sishwankathela sizise iziphumo zophando, kunikwe umkhombandlela kuqukunjelwe uphando.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019