'Rich man poor man': inter-household and community factors influencing the use of wild plant resources amongst rural households in South Africa
- Cocks, Michelle L, Bangay, Lindsey, Shackleton, Charlie M, Wiersum, K Freerk
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Bangay, Lindsey , Shackleton, Charlie M , Wiersum, K Freerk
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141211 , vital:37953 , DOI: 10.3843/SusDev.15.3:3
- Description: Biodiversity is recognised as an integral part of people's daily livelihoods. This study therefore aims to understand the use of NTFPs at an intricate level by determining what role these resources fulfil in six rural villages and 1011 households' livelihoods. It examines how the use of NTFPs are influenced by intra-household variables, such as wealth and gender, and inter-community variables, such as accessibility to the natural resource. The results reveal that approximately 4453 kg of wild material is used annually per household, of which 1598 kg is used for cultural purposes. The influence of vegetation type and differences between villages are statistically more significant than inter-household variables. At an inter-household level, an increase in the financial status of households did not result in a decrease in the use of natural resources, nor in the quantity of material used.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Bangay, Lindsey , Shackleton, Charlie M , Wiersum, K Freerk
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141211 , vital:37953 , DOI: 10.3843/SusDev.15.3:3
- Description: Biodiversity is recognised as an integral part of people's daily livelihoods. This study therefore aims to understand the use of NTFPs at an intricate level by determining what role these resources fulfil in six rural villages and 1011 households' livelihoods. It examines how the use of NTFPs are influenced by intra-household variables, such as wealth and gender, and inter-community variables, such as accessibility to the natural resource. The results reveal that approximately 4453 kg of wild material is used annually per household, of which 1598 kg is used for cultural purposes. The influence of vegetation type and differences between villages are statistically more significant than inter-household variables. At an inter-household level, an increase in the financial status of households did not result in a decrease in the use of natural resources, nor in the quantity of material used.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
A Bernsteinian analysis of the integration of natural resource management in the curriculum of a rural disadvantaged school
- Authors: Nsubuga, Yvonne
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/386415 , vital:68139 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122771"
- Description: Knowledge integration is one of the key principles that underpin curriculum reform in post-apartheid South Africa. One form of teacher support that has been adopted in South Africa is to provide schools throughout the country with samples of pedagogic texts such as curriculum documents and examination exemplars to act as guidelines to teachers as they implement this new curriculum requirement. In the isolated and under-resourced rural schools of South Africa, these texts are the main form of curriculum guidance to teachers. Hence the knowledge integration principles and messages conveyed within these texts are of crucial importance. One contributory factor to the lack of information on knowledge integration at rural underresourced schools is the lack of simple and effective research tools by which to analyse and compare the extent of knowledge integration within pedagogic texts and classroom practices. This article reports on a Bernstein informed analysis that was carried out on three different Grade 10 Life Sciences pedagogic texts in order to assess the extent to which they integrate natural resource management (NRM). The study involved the construction of two indicator frameworks as the research tools with which the analysis was conducted. Results from the analysis showed that although the official Grade 10 Life Sciences pedagogic texts contained very high levels of NRM integration, this was not the case for the Grade 10 Life Sciences text that was produced at the school level. The study provides useful insight into curriculum recontextualisation at a rural under-resourced school through the lens of NRM integration within the Grade 10 Life Sciences pedagogic texts. Such insight has the potential to contribute to better curriculum design and implementation strategies to service schools. This will hopefully help to narrow the gap that currently exists between the official and enacted curricula.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Nsubuga, Yvonne
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/386415 , vital:68139 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122771"
- Description: Knowledge integration is one of the key principles that underpin curriculum reform in post-apartheid South Africa. One form of teacher support that has been adopted in South Africa is to provide schools throughout the country with samples of pedagogic texts such as curriculum documents and examination exemplars to act as guidelines to teachers as they implement this new curriculum requirement. In the isolated and under-resourced rural schools of South Africa, these texts are the main form of curriculum guidance to teachers. Hence the knowledge integration principles and messages conveyed within these texts are of crucial importance. One contributory factor to the lack of information on knowledge integration at rural underresourced schools is the lack of simple and effective research tools by which to analyse and compare the extent of knowledge integration within pedagogic texts and classroom practices. This article reports on a Bernstein informed analysis that was carried out on three different Grade 10 Life Sciences pedagogic texts in order to assess the extent to which they integrate natural resource management (NRM). The study involved the construction of two indicator frameworks as the research tools with which the analysis was conducted. Results from the analysis showed that although the official Grade 10 Life Sciences pedagogic texts contained very high levels of NRM integration, this was not the case for the Grade 10 Life Sciences text that was produced at the school level. The study provides useful insight into curriculum recontextualisation at a rural under-resourced school through the lens of NRM integration within the Grade 10 Life Sciences pedagogic texts. Such insight has the potential to contribute to better curriculum design and implementation strategies to service schools. This will hopefully help to narrow the gap that currently exists between the official and enacted curricula.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
A Grid-Based Approach to the Remote Control and Recall of the Properties of IEEE1394 Audio Devices
- Foss, Richard, Foulkes, Phillip
- Authors: Foss, Richard , Foulkes, Phillip
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427212 , vital:72422 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=14453
- Description: Typically, the configuration of audio hardware and software is not integrated. This paper discusses a software system that has been developed to remotely control and recall the properties of IEEE1394 (FireWire) audio devices via a series of graphical routing matrices. The software presents sound engineers with a graphical routing matrix that shows, along its axes, the available FireWire audio devices on a FireWire network. Inter device connection management may be performed by selecting the cross points on the grid, and intra device control may be performed via device editors that are displayed via the axes of the matrix. The software application may be hosted by a compatible Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) application to allow for the storing and recalling of the various properties associated with the devices.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Foss, Richard , Foulkes, Phillip
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427212 , vital:72422 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=14453
- Description: Typically, the configuration of audio hardware and software is not integrated. This paper discusses a software system that has been developed to remotely control and recall the properties of IEEE1394 (FireWire) audio devices via a series of graphical routing matrices. The software presents sound engineers with a graphical routing matrix that shows, along its axes, the available FireWire audio devices on a FireWire network. Inter device connection management may be performed by selecting the cross points on the grid, and intra device control may be performed via device editors that are displayed via the axes of the matrix. The software application may be hosted by a compatible Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) application to allow for the storing and recalling of the various properties associated with the devices.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
A symptom that defies analysis: is this simply xenophobia?.
- Authors: Kyazze, Sim
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159337 , vital:40289 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC140106
- Description: On 29 January 29 2007 I travelled on an SAA flight from Entebbe International Airport in Uganda to OR Tambo International in Johannesburg. Somehow, I had forgotten, ignored or failed to travel with my Yellow Fever Certificate and an Immigration Officer let me have it.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Kyazze, Sim
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159337 , vital:40289 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC140106
- Description: On 29 January 29 2007 I travelled on an SAA flight from Entebbe International Airport in Uganda to OR Tambo International in Johannesburg. Somehow, I had forgotten, ignored or failed to travel with my Yellow Fever Certificate and an Immigration Officer let me have it.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Adsorption of 4-nitrophenol onto Amberlite® IRA-900 modified with metallophthalocyanines
- Marais, Eloïse, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Marais, Eloïse , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/268576 , vital:54211 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.06.096"
- Description: The adsorption of 4-nitrophenol using commercially available Amberlite® IRA-900 modified with metal phthalocyanines (MPc) was investigated. The metallophthalocyanines immobilised onto the surface of Amberlite® IRA-900 include Fe (FePcS4), Co (CoPcS4) and Ni (NiPcS4) tetrasulphophthalocyanines, and differently sulphonated phthalocyanine mixtures of Fe (FePcSmix), Co (CoPcSmix) and Ni (NiPcSmix). Adsorption rates were fastest for the modified adsorbents at a loading of 1 × 10−3 g MPc/g Amberlite, at pH 9. The highest amount of 4-NP removal was obtained on FePcSmix modified Amberlite® IRA-900 with Qt = 42.9 mmol g−1 and adsorption efficiency of 86%. The recovery efficiency of 4-NP within 150 min was 76%. Using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model, the complexes showed an order of 4-nitrophenol adsorption to be as follows: CoPcSmix > NiPcS4 > NiPcSmix > FePcS4 > FePcSmix > CoPcS4. The MPc modified Amberlite® IRA-900 was used repeatedly, following removal of 4-NP by nitric acid, without any significant loss of activity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Marais, Eloïse , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/268576 , vital:54211 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.06.096"
- Description: The adsorption of 4-nitrophenol using commercially available Amberlite® IRA-900 modified with metal phthalocyanines (MPc) was investigated. The metallophthalocyanines immobilised onto the surface of Amberlite® IRA-900 include Fe (FePcS4), Co (CoPcS4) and Ni (NiPcS4) tetrasulphophthalocyanines, and differently sulphonated phthalocyanine mixtures of Fe (FePcSmix), Co (CoPcSmix) and Ni (NiPcSmix). Adsorption rates were fastest for the modified adsorbents at a loading of 1 × 10−3 g MPc/g Amberlite, at pH 9. The highest amount of 4-NP removal was obtained on FePcSmix modified Amberlite® IRA-900 with Qt = 42.9 mmol g−1 and adsorption efficiency of 86%. The recovery efficiency of 4-NP within 150 min was 76%. Using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model, the complexes showed an order of 4-nitrophenol adsorption to be as follows: CoPcSmix > NiPcS4 > NiPcSmix > FePcS4 > FePcSmix > CoPcS4. The MPc modified Amberlite® IRA-900 was used repeatedly, following removal of 4-NP by nitric acid, without any significant loss of activity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
An Analysis of Network Scanning Traffic as it relates to Scan-Detection in Network Intrusion Detection Systems
- Barnett, Richard J, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Barnett, Richard J , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428156 , vital:72490 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Ir-win/publication/326225058_An_Analysis_of_Network_Scanning_Traffic_as_it_relates_to_Scan-Detec-tion_in_Network_Intrusion_Detection_Systems/links/5b3f21eaa6fdcc8506ffe659/An-Analysis-of-Network-Scanning-Traffic-as-it-relates-to-Scan-Detection-in-Network-Intrusion-Detection-Systems.pdf
- Description: Network Intrusion Detection is, in a modern network, a useful tool to de-tect a wide variety of malicious traffic. The ever present prevalence of scanning activity on the Internet is fair justification to warrant scan de-tection as a component of network intrusion detection. Whilst current systems are able to perform scan-detection, the methods they use are often flawed and exhibit an inability to detect scans in an efficient and scalable manner. Existing research by van Riel and Irwin has illustrated a number of flaws present in the open source systems Snort and Bro. This paper builds on this by describing current research at Rhodes Uni-versity in which these flaws are being addressed. In particular, this re-search will address the flaws in the scan-detection engines in Snort and Bro by developing new plug-ins for these systems which take into con-sideration the improvements which are identified over the course of the research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Barnett, Richard J , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428156 , vital:72490 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Ir-win/publication/326225058_An_Analysis_of_Network_Scanning_Traffic_as_it_relates_to_Scan-Detec-tion_in_Network_Intrusion_Detection_Systems/links/5b3f21eaa6fdcc8506ffe659/An-Analysis-of-Network-Scanning-Traffic-as-it-relates-to-Scan-Detection-in-Network-Intrusion-Detection-Systems.pdf
- Description: Network Intrusion Detection is, in a modern network, a useful tool to de-tect a wide variety of malicious traffic. The ever present prevalence of scanning activity on the Internet is fair justification to warrant scan de-tection as a component of network intrusion detection. Whilst current systems are able to perform scan-detection, the methods they use are often flawed and exhibit an inability to detect scans in an efficient and scalable manner. Existing research by van Riel and Irwin has illustrated a number of flaws present in the open source systems Snort and Bro. This paper builds on this by describing current research at Rhodes Uni-versity in which these flaws are being addressed. In particular, this re-search will address the flaws in the scan-detection engines in Snort and Bro by developing new plug-ins for these systems which take into con-sideration the improvements which are identified over the course of the research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
An Evaluation Of Scan-Detection Algorithms In Network Intrusion Detection Systems
- Barnett, Richard J, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Barnett, Richard J , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428701 , vital:72530 , https://digifors.cs.up.ac.za/issa/2008/Proceedings/Research/29.pdf
- Description: Network Intrusion Detection Systems are becoming more prevalent as devices to protect a network. However, the methods they use for some forms of detection are flawed. This paper builds upon existing research by van Riel and Irwin which illustrated these flaws in Snort and Bro's scan-detection engines. Indeed, it has been ascertained that a number of different scanning techniques are not identified by either Snort or Bro. This paper highlights current research into the improvement of these scan detection algorithms and presents insight into how this re-search is being conducted at Rhodes University. This research will im-prove on the scan detection engines in Snort and Bro, permitting them to be used in a production environment without fear of succumbing to the false negative problem which currently exists.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Barnett, Richard J , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428701 , vital:72530 , https://digifors.cs.up.ac.za/issa/2008/Proceedings/Research/29.pdf
- Description: Network Intrusion Detection Systems are becoming more prevalent as devices to protect a network. However, the methods they use for some forms of detection are flawed. This paper builds upon existing research by van Riel and Irwin which illustrated these flaws in Snort and Bro's scan-detection engines. Indeed, it has been ascertained that a number of different scanning techniques are not identified by either Snort or Bro. This paper highlights current research into the improvement of these scan detection algorithms and presents insight into how this re-search is being conducted at Rhodes University. This research will im-prove on the scan detection engines in Snort and Bro, permitting them to be used in a production environment without fear of succumbing to the false negative problem which currently exists.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
An investigation into electronic-source plagiarism in a first-year essay assignment
- Authors: Ellery, Karen
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70114 , vital:29621 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930701772788
- Description: Since the emergence of the electronic era, plagiarism has become an increasingly prevalent problem at tertiary institutions. This study investigated the role electronic sources of information played in influencing plagiarism in an essay assignment in a first-year geography module at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. Despite explicit instruction in tutorials on academic writing, referencing and plagiarism, a quarter of students still plagiarised in their essay, with the majority having done so off the Internet. A survey questionnaire and interviews revealed that not only did the school writing experience prepare students poorly for academic writing discourses, but also highlighted that student ignorance with regard to acknowledgement of electronic sources, a pervasive perception of difference between electronic and print sources, as well as the availability of the copy-and-paste facility which reinforces the product view of writing, all contributed towards electronic-source plagiarism. Active instructional engagement with electronic-source material, and open dialogue on ownership of knowledge as well as on moral and ethical issues with students, are recommended as strategies to overcome such plagiarism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Ellery, Karen
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70114 , vital:29621 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930701772788
- Description: Since the emergence of the electronic era, plagiarism has become an increasingly prevalent problem at tertiary institutions. This study investigated the role electronic sources of information played in influencing plagiarism in an essay assignment in a first-year geography module at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. Despite explicit instruction in tutorials on academic writing, referencing and plagiarism, a quarter of students still plagiarised in their essay, with the majority having done so off the Internet. A survey questionnaire and interviews revealed that not only did the school writing experience prepare students poorly for academic writing discourses, but also highlighted that student ignorance with regard to acknowledgement of electronic sources, a pervasive perception of difference between electronic and print sources, as well as the availability of the copy-and-paste facility which reinforces the product view of writing, all contributed towards electronic-source plagiarism. Active instructional engagement with electronic-source material, and open dialogue on ownership of knowledge as well as on moral and ethical issues with students, are recommended as strategies to overcome such plagiarism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
An open service delivery platform for adding value to softswitch-based telephony environments
- Tsietsi, Mosiuoa, Terzoli, Alfredo, Wells, George C
- Authors: Tsietsi, Mosiuoa , Terzoli, Alfredo , Wells, George C
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428450 , vital:72512 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alfredo-Ter-zoli/publication/251923990_An_open_service_delivery_platform_for_adding_value_to_softswitch-based_telephony_environments/links/0c9605298fdf0ef8d3000000/An-open-service-delivery-platform-for-adding-value-to-softswitch-based-telephony-environments.pdf
- Description: Softswitches have played a crucial role in next generation networks (NGNs) not only as the primary agents responsible for controlling the data and media paths between endpoints, but also as hosts of telepho-ny applications such as billing and legal intercept. Even though very useful and flexible application interfaces have been used to program these softswitches, there is much benefit that can be derived from de-coupling the application layer from the switching core. NGN architec-tures such as the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) have borrowed the concept of an application server from the IT domain in order to deliver enhanced services to the network. This paper describes an initial inves-tigation into the development of a service delivery platform (SDP) based on the JAIN Service Logic and Execution Environment (JSLEE) indus-try standard, to provide advanced services that can be deployed over a telephony environment called iLanga, which is based on the open source software PBX named Asterisk.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Tsietsi, Mosiuoa , Terzoli, Alfredo , Wells, George C
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428450 , vital:72512 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alfredo-Ter-zoli/publication/251923990_An_open_service_delivery_platform_for_adding_value_to_softswitch-based_telephony_environments/links/0c9605298fdf0ef8d3000000/An-open-service-delivery-platform-for-adding-value-to-softswitch-based-telephony-environments.pdf
- Description: Softswitches have played a crucial role in next generation networks (NGNs) not only as the primary agents responsible for controlling the data and media paths between endpoints, but also as hosts of telepho-ny applications such as billing and legal intercept. Even though very useful and flexible application interfaces have been used to program these softswitches, there is much benefit that can be derived from de-coupling the application layer from the switching core. NGN architec-tures such as the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) have borrowed the concept of an application server from the IT domain in order to deliver enhanced services to the network. This paper describes an initial inves-tigation into the development of a service delivery platform (SDP) based on the JAIN Service Logic and Execution Environment (JSLEE) indus-try standard, to provide advanced services that can be deployed over a telephony environment called iLanga, which is based on the open source software PBX named Asterisk.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Beneficial effects of medicinal plants in fish diseases
- Stratev, Deyan, Zhelyazkov, Georgi, Noundou, Xavier Siwe, Krause, Rui W M
- Authors: Stratev, Deyan , Zhelyazkov, Georgi , Noundou, Xavier Siwe , Krause, Rui W M
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123487 , vital:35447 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-017-0219-x
- Description: Fish are constantly in contact with pathogens inhabiting water. High population density as well as poor hydrodynamic conditions and feeding lead to an increased sensitivity towards infections. In order to prevent major economic losses due to diseases, various medications are used for treatment and prevention of infections. The use of antimicrobial drugs in aquacultures could lead to emergence of resistance in pathogenic microorganisms. Alternatives are being sought over the last few years to replace antibiotics, and medicinal plants are one of available options for this purpose. These plants are rich in secondary metabolites and phytochemical compounds, which have an effect against viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases in fish. Their main advantage is their natural origin and most of these plants do not represent threat for human health, the fish, and the environment. The goal of this review is to present information on the treatment of viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases in fish through medicinal plants, with focus on the mechanisms of action of the identified secondary metabolites, fractions, or plant extracts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Stratev, Deyan , Zhelyazkov, Georgi , Noundou, Xavier Siwe , Krause, Rui W M
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123487 , vital:35447 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-017-0219-x
- Description: Fish are constantly in contact with pathogens inhabiting water. High population density as well as poor hydrodynamic conditions and feeding lead to an increased sensitivity towards infections. In order to prevent major economic losses due to diseases, various medications are used for treatment and prevention of infections. The use of antimicrobial drugs in aquacultures could lead to emergence of resistance in pathogenic microorganisms. Alternatives are being sought over the last few years to replace antibiotics, and medicinal plants are one of available options for this purpose. These plants are rich in secondary metabolites and phytochemical compounds, which have an effect against viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases in fish. Their main advantage is their natural origin and most of these plants do not represent threat for human health, the fish, and the environment. The goal of this review is to present information on the treatment of viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases in fish through medicinal plants, with focus on the mechanisms of action of the identified secondary metabolites, fractions, or plant extracts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Breaking into the conversation: cultural value and the role of the South African National Arts Festival from apartheid to democracy
- Snowball, Jeanette D, Webb, Arthur C M
- Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D , Webb, Arthur C M
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71311 , vital:29832 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10286630802106326
- Description: The paper examines the value of the South African National Arts Festival (NAF) in the transition to democracy using theories of cultural capital. NAF history from 1974 to 2004 is used to argue that the Festival provided an important arena for the expression of political resistance in the 1980s and, to some degree, continues to do so today. It is concluded that an important part of the value of the arts is their ability to provide a forum for debating the goals and values of society and that individualistic utility theory is not always successful in measuring such social value.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D , Webb, Arthur C M
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71311 , vital:29832 , https://doi.org/10.1080/10286630802106326
- Description: The paper examines the value of the South African National Arts Festival (NAF) in the transition to democracy using theories of cultural capital. NAF history from 1974 to 2004 is used to argue that the Festival provided an important arena for the expression of political resistance in the 1980s and, to some degree, continues to do so today. It is concluded that an important part of the value of the arts is their ability to provide a forum for debating the goals and values of society and that individualistic utility theory is not always successful in measuring such social value.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Building and Woodworkers International (BWI) Baseline gender survey
- Authors: Benjamin, Nina
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60109 , vital:27737
- Description: This Gender Survey is about exploring both the nature of as well as the shifts in the gender relations between men women in the construction sector. The report is defining gender relations as the power relations between men and women. In the context of the construction sector, workers and particularly semi and unskilled workers generally have appalling working conditions. These conditions affect both men and women workers but the vast majority of women workers find themselves right at the bottom of a hierarchy that is shaped by class, race and gender. Large multinational construction companies are still owned and controlled by rich white men while black women, youth and the disabled find themselves right at the bottom of the hierarchy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Benjamin, Nina
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60109 , vital:27737
- Description: This Gender Survey is about exploring both the nature of as well as the shifts in the gender relations between men women in the construction sector. The report is defining gender relations as the power relations between men and women. In the context of the construction sector, workers and particularly semi and unskilled workers generally have appalling working conditions. These conditions affect both men and women workers but the vast majority of women workers find themselves right at the bottom of a hierarchy that is shaped by class, race and gender. Large multinational construction companies are still owned and controlled by rich white men while black women, youth and the disabled find themselves right at the bottom of the hierarchy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Communicating across cultures in South African law courts: towards an information technology solution*
- Kaschula, Russell H, Mostert, André
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H , Mostert, André
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Language policy -- South Africa , Courts interpreting and translating -- South Africa , Translating and interpreting -- Technological innovations , Intercultural communication -- South Africa , Conduct of court proceedings -- South Africa , Linguistic rights -- South Africa , Multilingualism -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59423 , vital:27599 , doi: 10.5842/36-0-39
- Description: Language rights in South Africa are entrenched in the Constitution of South Africa (Chapter 1, Section 6, Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996). However, the concomitant infrastructure and organisational realities make this policy difficult to implement, especially in law courts (Kaschula and Ralarala 2004). Creating effective communicative environments has historically been constrained by lack of effective training of legal practitioners and by the lack of capacity for building translation structures. With the advancement of technology, potential solutions are becoming more apparent and it is incumbent upon the academic community to embark on a rigorous investigation into possible solutions and how these Information Communication Technology (ICT) solutions could be applied to the execution of justice in South African law courts. This article aims to open the discourse of possible solutions, via assessments of computer based translation solutions, ICT context simulations and other potential opportunities. The authors hope to initiate the interest of other language and legal practitioners to explore how the new technological capabilities could be harnessed to support the entrenchment of language rights in our law courts.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H , Mostert, André
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Language policy -- South Africa , Courts interpreting and translating -- South Africa , Translating and interpreting -- Technological innovations , Intercultural communication -- South Africa , Conduct of court proceedings -- South Africa , Linguistic rights -- South Africa , Multilingualism -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59423 , vital:27599 , doi: 10.5842/36-0-39
- Description: Language rights in South Africa are entrenched in the Constitution of South Africa (Chapter 1, Section 6, Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996). However, the concomitant infrastructure and organisational realities make this policy difficult to implement, especially in law courts (Kaschula and Ralarala 2004). Creating effective communicative environments has historically been constrained by lack of effective training of legal practitioners and by the lack of capacity for building translation structures. With the advancement of technology, potential solutions are becoming more apparent and it is incumbent upon the academic community to embark on a rigorous investigation into possible solutions and how these Information Communication Technology (ICT) solutions could be applied to the execution of justice in South African law courts. This article aims to open the discourse of possible solutions, via assessments of computer based translation solutions, ICT context simulations and other potential opportunities. The authors hope to initiate the interest of other language and legal practitioners to explore how the new technological capabilities could be harnessed to support the entrenchment of language rights in our law courts.
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- Date Issued: 2008
Compositionally diverse magmas erupted close together in space and time within a Karoo flood basalt crater complex:
- McClintock, Murray, Marsh, Julian S, White, James D L
- Authors: McClintock, Murray , Marsh, Julian S , White, James D L
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144966 , vital:38396 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-007-0178-6
- Description: Geochemical data and mapping from a Karoo flood basalt crater complex reveals new information about the ascent and eruption of magma batches during the earliest phases of flood basalt volcanism. Flood basalt eruptions at Sterkspruit, South Africa began with emplacement of thin lava flows before abruptly switching to explosive phreatomagmatic and magmatic activity that formed a nest of craters, spatter and tuff rings and cones that collectively comprise a crater complex >40 km2 filled by 9–18 km3 of volcaniclastic debris.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: McClintock, Murray , Marsh, Julian S , White, James D L
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144966 , vital:38396 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-007-0178-6
- Description: Geochemical data and mapping from a Karoo flood basalt crater complex reveals new information about the ascent and eruption of magma batches during the earliest phases of flood basalt volcanism. Flood basalt eruptions at Sterkspruit, South Africa began with emplacement of thin lava flows before abruptly switching to explosive phreatomagmatic and magmatic activity that formed a nest of craters, spatter and tuff rings and cones that collectively comprise a crater complex >40 km2 filled by 9–18 km3 of volcaniclastic debris.
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- Date Issued: 2008
consumed society
- Authors: Krueger, Anton
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/229840 , vital:49716 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC47802"
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Krueger, Anton
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/229840 , vital:49716 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC47802"
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- Date Issued: 2008
Contextualising formal education for improved relevance: A case from the Rufiji Wetlands, Tanzania
- Authors: Hogan, Rose
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/373591 , vital:66705 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122762"
- Description: The aim of this action research case study was to engage a community of villagers, teachers, students and district officers in a participatory process to adapt a module of a school curriculum to the local context, and teach it in order to describe one way in which contextualisation, using local and indigenous knowledge and active discovery teaching-learning processes, can be done. The major research question was: Does integrating local environmental cultural knowledge into formal schooling contribute to curriculum relevance? If so, in what way? This paper summarises the background and context of the research, the motivation and the theoretical basis for the work, the methodology and methods, and the action research process itself. The results are interpreted and discussed in light of current theoretical perspectives on education and environmental education.
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- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Hogan, Rose
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/373591 , vital:66705 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122762"
- Description: The aim of this action research case study was to engage a community of villagers, teachers, students and district officers in a participatory process to adapt a module of a school curriculum to the local context, and teach it in order to describe one way in which contextualisation, using local and indigenous knowledge and active discovery teaching-learning processes, can be done. The major research question was: Does integrating local environmental cultural knowledge into formal schooling contribute to curriculum relevance? If so, in what way? This paper summarises the background and context of the research, the motivation and the theoretical basis for the work, the methodology and methods, and the action research process itself. The results are interpreted and discussed in light of current theoretical perspectives on education and environmental education.
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- Date Issued: 2008
Cutting tradition: the political regulation of traditional circumcision rites in South Africa's liberal democratic order
- Authors: Vincent, Louise
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141922 , vital:38016 , DOI: 10.1080/03057070701832890
- Description: The South African Xhosa ethnic group, the majority of whom live in the country's Eastern Cape province, are one of several ethnic groups in southern Africa that practise the ritual of circumcision as part of a rite admitting boys to manhood. Recent years have seen a rise in casualties among those participating in traditional circumcision rites. Since 1995 more than 6,000 boys have been admitted to Eastern Cape hospitals, more than 300 have died and 76 have had their genitalia amputated due to botched circumcisions. The state has responded by putting in place a variety of mechanisms to regulate the practice, most recently in the form of the 2005 Children's Bill which gives male children the right to refuse circumcision and makes those who circumcise a child against his will guilty of an offence punishable by imprisonment. Attempts by the state to regulate traditional practices (of which circumcision is just one and virginity testing is another) have been met with outrage and resistance in some quarters.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Vincent, Louise
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141922 , vital:38016 , DOI: 10.1080/03057070701832890
- Description: The South African Xhosa ethnic group, the majority of whom live in the country's Eastern Cape province, are one of several ethnic groups in southern Africa that practise the ritual of circumcision as part of a rite admitting boys to manhood. Recent years have seen a rise in casualties among those participating in traditional circumcision rites. Since 1995 more than 6,000 boys have been admitted to Eastern Cape hospitals, more than 300 have died and 76 have had their genitalia amputated due to botched circumcisions. The state has responded by putting in place a variety of mechanisms to regulate the practice, most recently in the form of the 2005 Children's Bill which gives male children the right to refuse circumcision and makes those who circumcise a child against his will guilty of an offence punishable by imprisonment. Attempts by the state to regulate traditional practices (of which circumcision is just one and virginity testing is another) have been met with outrage and resistance in some quarters.
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- Date Issued: 2008
Determination of the optimal water temperature for the culture of juvenile dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus Temminck and Schlegel 1843:
- Collett, Paul D, Vine, Niall G, Kaiser, Horst, Baxter, Jeremy
- Authors: Collett, Paul D , Vine, Niall G , Kaiser, Horst , Baxter, Jeremy
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142804 , vital:38118 , DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.01960.x
- Description: The effects of temperature on growth, food conversion ratio (FCR) and feeding intensity of juvenile dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus (23.7±2.6 g fish−1) were assessed over the temperature range 17.5–28.5°C in a 42 day growth trial. Growth increased with increasing temperature up to an optimum after which it declined. Specific growth rates were 2.05% and 1.2% day−1 for the fastest (25.3 °C) and the slowest (17.5 °C) treatments respectively. Food conversion ratio peaked at a lower temperature than growth. Optimal (0.72 kg kg gain−1) and least efficient (1.40 kg kg gain−1) FCR were found at 21.7 and 17.5°C respectively. Feeding intensity was linearly related to temperature within the range of 17.5–28.5°C. These results corresponded to the thermal preference (25–26.4°C) and natural temperature distribution (12–28°C) of South African dusky kob. Determination of the temperature range that does not limit growth is a prerequisite to assess the relationship between growth and environmental variables such as light intensity, feeding regime and stocking density. Consequently, experiments to determine the effects of these environmental variables on growth and aquaculture potential of dusky kob should be conducted at 24–26°C.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Collett, Paul D , Vine, Niall G , Kaiser, Horst , Baxter, Jeremy
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142804 , vital:38118 , DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.01960.x
- Description: The effects of temperature on growth, food conversion ratio (FCR) and feeding intensity of juvenile dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus (23.7±2.6 g fish−1) were assessed over the temperature range 17.5–28.5°C in a 42 day growth trial. Growth increased with increasing temperature up to an optimum after which it declined. Specific growth rates were 2.05% and 1.2% day−1 for the fastest (25.3 °C) and the slowest (17.5 °C) treatments respectively. Food conversion ratio peaked at a lower temperature than growth. Optimal (0.72 kg kg gain−1) and least efficient (1.40 kg kg gain−1) FCR were found at 21.7 and 17.5°C respectively. Feeding intensity was linearly related to temperature within the range of 17.5–28.5°C. These results corresponded to the thermal preference (25–26.4°C) and natural temperature distribution (12–28°C) of South African dusky kob. Determination of the temperature range that does not limit growth is a prerequisite to assess the relationship between growth and environmental variables such as light intensity, feeding regime and stocking density. Consequently, experiments to determine the effects of these environmental variables on growth and aquaculture potential of dusky kob should be conducted at 24–26°C.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Does reservoir trophic status influence the feeding and growth of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Teleostei: Clariidae)?
- Potts, Warren M, Hecht, Thomas, Andrew, Timothy G
- Authors: Potts, Warren M , Hecht, Thomas , Andrew, Timothy G
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124309 , vital:35591 , https://doi.org/10.2989/A JAS.2008.33.2.6.503
- Description: The diet and growth of sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, in an oligotrophic system (Kat River Reservoir, Eastern Cape, South Africa) were compared to those in a eutrophic system (Laing Reservoir, Eastern Cape) to determine if the trophic status of a waterbody had an effect on the growth rate of the species. In order of importance, the diet of catfish in Kat River Reservoir consisted of fish, insects, zooplankton, plant material and other items, while the diet of catfish in Laing Reservoir consisted of fish, plant material, zooplankton, other vertebrates and insects. The diets of catfish in the two reservoirs had a similarity index of 68.1% and there was no significant difference in their nutritional value. Fish prey was the most important dietary component in both reservoirs. Temperature regime and zooplankton and zoobenthos density were similar in both systems. However, fish prey density was significantly higher in the eutrophic Laing Reservoir and catfish grew significantly faster in that system. The slower growth rate in Kat River Reservoir was attributed to the higher energy costs associated with the capture of fish prey, which was less abundant than in Laing Reservoir. Trophic status therefore had an indirect effect on catfish growth by influencing the availability of fish prey.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Potts, Warren M , Hecht, Thomas , Andrew, Timothy G
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124309 , vital:35591 , https://doi.org/10.2989/A JAS.2008.33.2.6.503
- Description: The diet and growth of sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, in an oligotrophic system (Kat River Reservoir, Eastern Cape, South Africa) were compared to those in a eutrophic system (Laing Reservoir, Eastern Cape) to determine if the trophic status of a waterbody had an effect on the growth rate of the species. In order of importance, the diet of catfish in Kat River Reservoir consisted of fish, insects, zooplankton, plant material and other items, while the diet of catfish in Laing Reservoir consisted of fish, plant material, zooplankton, other vertebrates and insects. The diets of catfish in the two reservoirs had a similarity index of 68.1% and there was no significant difference in their nutritional value. Fish prey was the most important dietary component in both reservoirs. Temperature regime and zooplankton and zoobenthos density were similar in both systems. However, fish prey density was significantly higher in the eutrophic Laing Reservoir and catfish grew significantly faster in that system. The slower growth rate in Kat River Reservoir was attributed to the higher energy costs associated with the capture of fish prey, which was less abundant than in Laing Reservoir. Trophic status therefore had an indirect effect on catfish growth by influencing the availability of fish prey.
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- Date Issued: 2010
Dungamanzi/stirring waters: Tsonga and Shangaan art from southern Africa, Nessa Leibhammer (Ed.): book reviews
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147358 , vital:38629 , https://0-hdl.handle.net.wam.seals.ac.za/10520/EJC31053
- Description: A woman known as Nkoma We Lwandle (Cow of the Ocean) and a man, Dunga Manzi (Stirring Waters), are remembered as the first Tsonga diviners. Trained by Nzunzu - a powerful water serpent - they were pulled into a lake for a few months and later emerged as influential healers. Such stories (like the one relayed by Dederen of a young girl, Nsatimuni, who also temporarily disappeared into a lake) represent 'death' and 'rebirth', reflecting Arnold van Gennep's (1909) well-known schema of rites de passage: séparation, marge, and agrégation. Separated from daily life, these characters sink into another world where people breathe in water like a foetus in the liquid depths of a womb, evoking impending new birth (p. 171).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147358 , vital:38629 , https://0-hdl.handle.net.wam.seals.ac.za/10520/EJC31053
- Description: A woman known as Nkoma We Lwandle (Cow of the Ocean) and a man, Dunga Manzi (Stirring Waters), are remembered as the first Tsonga diviners. Trained by Nzunzu - a powerful water serpent - they were pulled into a lake for a few months and later emerged as influential healers. Such stories (like the one relayed by Dederen of a young girl, Nsatimuni, who also temporarily disappeared into a lake) represent 'death' and 'rebirth', reflecting Arnold van Gennep's (1909) well-known schema of rites de passage: séparation, marge, and agrégation. Separated from daily life, these characters sink into another world where people breathe in water like a foetus in the liquid depths of a womb, evoking impending new birth (p. 171).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008