An Open Generic Transporter Specification for the Plural Node Architecture of Professional Audio Devices
- Foss, Richard, Fujimori, J I, Kounosu, Ken, Laubscher, Ron
- Authors: Foss, Richard , Fujimori, J I , Kounosu, Ken , Laubscher, Ron
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427239 , vital:72424 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=13191
- Description: The Plural Node architecture is an implementation architecture for professional audio devices that adhere to the “Audio and Music (A/M)” protocol. The A/M protocol determines how audio and MIDI data are transported over IEEE 1394 (firewire). The Plural-Node implementation architecture comprises two components on separate IEEE 1394 nodes – a “Transporter” component dedicated to A/M protocol handling, and an “Enabler” component that controls the Transporter and provides high level plug abstractions. Low level control of individual Transporters occurs within the “Hardware Abstraction Layer” (HAL) of the Enabler. Device manufacturers write their own plug-ins for the HAL to interact with their Transporters. The Open Generic Transporter specification provides an open interface between the HAL and Transporter for the convenience of device manufacturers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Foss, Richard , Fujimori, J I , Kounosu, Ken , Laubscher, Ron
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427239 , vital:72424 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=13191
- Description: The Plural Node architecture is an implementation architecture for professional audio devices that adhere to the “Audio and Music (A/M)” protocol. The A/M protocol determines how audio and MIDI data are transported over IEEE 1394 (firewire). The Plural-Node implementation architecture comprises two components on separate IEEE 1394 nodes – a “Transporter” component dedicated to A/M protocol handling, and an “Enabler” component that controls the Transporter and provides high level plug abstractions. Low level control of individual Transporters occurs within the “Hardware Abstraction Layer” (HAL) of the Enabler. Device manufacturers write their own plug-ins for the HAL to interact with their Transporters. The Open Generic Transporter specification provides an open interface between the HAL and Transporter for the convenience of device manufacturers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Attaining a better society: critical reflections on what it means to be 'developed'
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142509 , vital:38086 , DOI: 10.3167/004058105780929228
- Description: It is clear from these and other definitions that development, no matter how it is conceived, involves change. However, it is also clear that not all change constitutes development. A particular change could be part of a process of development, but could also be part of several other processes, such as those of alteration, modification, deformation, adaptation, regression, degradation and the like. Thus it is necessary to differentiate between changes that can be said to be part of a process of development, and those that cannot. In an attempt to make such a distinction and in line with the above-mentioned definitions of development one could say that changes that are part of development are changes that bring about increased likeness to some more advanced or better state of being. A six-year-old child who, after years of talking, becomes mute is regressing rather than developing; and a child whose behaviour changes such that she begins to act like a dog would be considered to be in some kind of disordered state. However, when a child’s behaviour undergoes changes that lead to increased similarity to some conception of adult behaviour, then that child can be said to be developing. When assessing whether changes in a child’s behaviour constitute development, or some other kind of process, one has to have in mind some conception of what the child ought to be becoming.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142509 , vital:38086 , DOI: 10.3167/004058105780929228
- Description: It is clear from these and other definitions that development, no matter how it is conceived, involves change. However, it is also clear that not all change constitutes development. A particular change could be part of a process of development, but could also be part of several other processes, such as those of alteration, modification, deformation, adaptation, regression, degradation and the like. Thus it is necessary to differentiate between changes that can be said to be part of a process of development, and those that cannot. In an attempt to make such a distinction and in line with the above-mentioned definitions of development one could say that changes that are part of development are changes that bring about increased likeness to some more advanced or better state of being. A six-year-old child who, after years of talking, becomes mute is regressing rather than developing; and a child whose behaviour changes such that she begins to act like a dog would be considered to be in some kind of disordered state. However, when a child’s behaviour undergoes changes that lead to increased similarity to some conception of adult behaviour, then that child can be said to be developing. When assessing whether changes in a child’s behaviour constitute development, or some other kind of process, one has to have in mind some conception of what the child ought to be becoming.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Bastards and bodies in Zoë Wicomb’s David’s Story:
- Authors: Marais, Mike
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144264 , vital:38326 , https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0021989405056969
- Description: The Population Registration Act of 1950, in the apartheid period of South African history, defined a coloured person as “a person who is not a White person or a Black”. In differentiating coloured from white, coloured from black, and black from white, somatic appearance obviously played a crucial role. So, for instance, a white person was defined as “a person who (a) in appearance obviously is a White person, and who is not generally accepted as a Coloured person; or (b) is generally accepted as a White person and is not in appearance obviously not a White person”.1 It follows that the body of the individual was read as a signifier of racial identity, a hermeneutic practice still prevalent in present-day South Africa. My argument in this essay is that Zoë Wicomb’s David’s Story2 shows how the trope of “pure blood” in the discourse of race not only reduces the body of the individual coloured person to a material sign of racial difference, but also inscribes a history of shame on that body.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Marais, Mike
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144264 , vital:38326 , https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0021989405056969
- Description: The Population Registration Act of 1950, in the apartheid period of South African history, defined a coloured person as “a person who is not a White person or a Black”. In differentiating coloured from white, coloured from black, and black from white, somatic appearance obviously played a crucial role. So, for instance, a white person was defined as “a person who (a) in appearance obviously is a White person, and who is not generally accepted as a Coloured person; or (b) is generally accepted as a White person and is not in appearance obviously not a White person”.1 It follows that the body of the individual was read as a signifier of racial identity, a hermeneutic practice still prevalent in present-day South Africa. My argument in this essay is that Zoë Wicomb’s David’s Story2 shows how the trope of “pure blood” in the discourse of race not only reduces the body of the individual coloured person to a material sign of racial difference, but also inscribes a history of shame on that body.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Book Review:‘These Traits Portend’: review of Thabo Mbeki and the Struggle for the Soul of the ANC by William Mervyn Gumede
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:7049 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007391 , https://www.researchgate.net/publication/29807204_Book_Review_'These_Traits_Portend'_Review_of_Thabo_Mbeki_and_the_Struggle_for_the_Soul_of_the_ANC_by_William_Mervyn_Gumede_Cape_Town_Zebra_Press_2005
- Description: preprint , “The identity of the old ANC is changing fast and its soul is becoming harder to locate” – so writes William Gumede in his best-selling account of the Mbeki presidency. This is a thoroughly admirable book, critical, informed and deeply concerned with the welfare of the people of South Africa, especially the poor – with no taint of political hagiography. The central plank of the critique concerns the ANC’s management of the economy. Gumede’s account of the genesis of GEAR and the devious way it was sprung on the tri-partite alliance is illuminating. It was done under the rubric of necessary modernization, according to Gumede, and allegiance to the Blair/Schroeder Third Way. But there were huge ancillary consequences: the loss of influence by the ordinary ANC membership, neglect of branch activity, sidelining of the parliamentary caucus, centralization of policy development in the office of the president, increasing reliance on consultants and relentless cosying up to big business.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:7049 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007391 , https://www.researchgate.net/publication/29807204_Book_Review_'These_Traits_Portend'_Review_of_Thabo_Mbeki_and_the_Struggle_for_the_Soul_of_the_ANC_by_William_Mervyn_Gumede_Cape_Town_Zebra_Press_2005
- Description: preprint , “The identity of the old ANC is changing fast and its soul is becoming harder to locate” – so writes William Gumede in his best-selling account of the Mbeki presidency. This is a thoroughly admirable book, critical, informed and deeply concerned with the welfare of the people of South Africa, especially the poor – with no taint of political hagiography. The central plank of the critique concerns the ANC’s management of the economy. Gumede’s account of the genesis of GEAR and the devious way it was sprung on the tri-partite alliance is illuminating. It was done under the rubric of necessary modernization, according to Gumede, and allegiance to the Blair/Schroeder Third Way. But there were huge ancillary consequences: the loss of influence by the ordinary ANC membership, neglect of branch activity, sidelining of the parliamentary caucus, centralization of policy development in the office of the president, increasing reliance on consultants and relentless cosying up to big business.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Cholera in KwaZulu-Natal: Probing institutional governmentality and indigenous hand-washing practices
- Authors: O'Donoghue, Rob B
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/373574 , vital:66704 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122699"
- Description: The paper reviews education activities in a successful anti-cholera campaign amongst rural communities in eastern southern Africa. It is centred on probing how a modern institutional governmentality was relatively blind to an historical legacy of Nguni hand-washing practices and came to exclude use of simple tests for coliform contamination in rural health education activities. The study examines institutional processes, probing discontinuities between the health education message and the complex social ecology of cholera. In so doing, it uncovers how a post-apartheid institutional rhetoric of participation, empowerment and social transformation is playing out in communicative interventions to instil healthier practices amongst the rural poor. Institutional perspectives such as this are rooted in an institutional legacy of appropriation and control. Despite the current rhetoric of participation, instrumental orientations are being sustained as the radical critique of struggle for freedom and change gives way, through comfortable submission and intellectual conformity, to an instrumental conservatism in many post-apartheid institutional settings today. The study notes and probes a surprising resonance between the ecology of the disease and an intergenerational social capital of indigenous hand-washing practices. The evidence suggests that these patterns of hand-washing practice would have served to contain the disease in earlier times and points to this social capital as a focus for co-engaged action on environment and health concerns. The findings suggest that an opposing of institutional and indigenous knowledge is not a simple matter and that moving beyond a legacy of cultural exclusion and marginalisation remains a challenge as the first decade of post-apartheid democratic governance comes to a close.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: O'Donoghue, Rob B
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/373574 , vital:66704 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122699"
- Description: The paper reviews education activities in a successful anti-cholera campaign amongst rural communities in eastern southern Africa. It is centred on probing how a modern institutional governmentality was relatively blind to an historical legacy of Nguni hand-washing practices and came to exclude use of simple tests for coliform contamination in rural health education activities. The study examines institutional processes, probing discontinuities between the health education message and the complex social ecology of cholera. In so doing, it uncovers how a post-apartheid institutional rhetoric of participation, empowerment and social transformation is playing out in communicative interventions to instil healthier practices amongst the rural poor. Institutional perspectives such as this are rooted in an institutional legacy of appropriation and control. Despite the current rhetoric of participation, instrumental orientations are being sustained as the radical critique of struggle for freedom and change gives way, through comfortable submission and intellectual conformity, to an instrumental conservatism in many post-apartheid institutional settings today. The study notes and probes a surprising resonance between the ecology of the disease and an intergenerational social capital of indigenous hand-washing practices. The evidence suggests that these patterns of hand-washing practice would have served to contain the disease in earlier times and points to this social capital as a focus for co-engaged action on environment and health concerns. The findings suggest that an opposing of institutional and indigenous knowledge is not a simple matter and that moving beyond a legacy of cultural exclusion and marginalisation remains a challenge as the first decade of post-apartheid democratic governance comes to a close.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Computers and African languages in education: an ICT tool for the promotion of multilingualism at a South African university: conversations
- Dalvit, Lorenzo, Murray, Sarah, Mini, Buyiswa, Terzoli, Alfredo, Zhao, Xiaogeng
- Authors: Dalvit, Lorenzo , Murray, Sarah , Mini, Buyiswa , Terzoli, Alfredo , Zhao, Xiaogeng
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428911 , vital:72545 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC87340
- Description: This article describes a web-based application designed to provide meaningful access to the study of Computer Science to speakers of an African language who have limited experience of using English for ac-ademic purposes. Our research is focused upon students of Computer Skills in the Extended Studies Programme at Rhodes University who have studied English as a second language for the matriculation exam-ination. The intervention involves the cooperative production and shar-ing of multilingual support material in both English and the students' home languages. The article illustrates how the use of computers has the potential to solve some of the problems traditionally associated with the use of African languages as additional media of instruction in ter-tiary education (i.e. lack of terminology and resources in the African languages, stigma attached to their use, etc.). We maintain that learning about computers partly in their stronger language (i.e. their home lan-guage) could give students increased and more meaningful access to an educationally and economically empowering field of study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Dalvit, Lorenzo , Murray, Sarah , Mini, Buyiswa , Terzoli, Alfredo , Zhao, Xiaogeng
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428911 , vital:72545 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC87340
- Description: This article describes a web-based application designed to provide meaningful access to the study of Computer Science to speakers of an African language who have limited experience of using English for ac-ademic purposes. Our research is focused upon students of Computer Skills in the Extended Studies Programme at Rhodes University who have studied English as a second language for the matriculation exam-ination. The intervention involves the cooperative production and shar-ing of multilingual support material in both English and the students' home languages. The article illustrates how the use of computers has the potential to solve some of the problems traditionally associated with the use of African languages as additional media of instruction in ter-tiary education (i.e. lack of terminology and resources in the African languages, stigma attached to their use, etc.). We maintain that learning about computers partly in their stronger language (i.e. their home lan-guage) could give students increased and more meaningful access to an educationally and economically empowering field of study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Effects of central metal on the photophysical and photochemical properties of non-transition metal sulfophthalocyanine
- Ogunsipe, Abimbola, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Ogunsipe, Abimbola , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289337 , vital:56623 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424605000186"
- Description: The photophysical and photochemical properties and quenching (by 1,4-benzoquinone) of metallophthalocyanine sulfonates of aluminium (AlPcSmix), zinc (ZnPcSmix), silicon (SiPcSmix), germanium (GePcSmix) and tin (SnPcSmix) are presented. The quantum yield values of fluorescence (ΦF), triplet state (ΦT), singlet oxygen (ΦΔ) and photodegradation (Φd) were determined and the observed trends in their variation among the complexes discussed in terms of aggregation and the heavy atom effect. 1,4-benzoquinone effectively quenched the fluorescence of the complexes. Quenching analyses gave positive deviations from Stern-Volmer behavior, suggesting the existence of static quenching in addition to dynamic quenching. The static and dynamic components of the quenching were separated using a modified Stern-Volmer equation and the “sphere of action quenching model”. The quenching constant was found to be a function of the radius of the central metal ion.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Ogunsipe, Abimbola , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289337 , vital:56623 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424605000186"
- Description: The photophysical and photochemical properties and quenching (by 1,4-benzoquinone) of metallophthalocyanine sulfonates of aluminium (AlPcSmix), zinc (ZnPcSmix), silicon (SiPcSmix), germanium (GePcSmix) and tin (SnPcSmix) are presented. The quantum yield values of fluorescence (ΦF), triplet state (ΦT), singlet oxygen (ΦΔ) and photodegradation (Φd) were determined and the observed trends in their variation among the complexes discussed in terms of aggregation and the heavy atom effect. 1,4-benzoquinone effectively quenched the fluorescence of the complexes. Quenching analyses gave positive deviations from Stern-Volmer behavior, suggesting the existence of static quenching in addition to dynamic quenching. The static and dynamic components of the quenching were separated using a modified Stern-Volmer equation and the “sphere of action quenching model”. The quenching constant was found to be a function of the radius of the central metal ion.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Electro-oxidation of phenol and its derivatives on poly-Ni (OH) TPhPyPc modified vitreous carbon electrodes
- Obirai, Joseph, Bedioui, Fethi, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Obirai, Joseph , Bedioui, Fethi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289353 , vital:56625 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.11.006"
- Description: The electrochemical oxidation of phenol and its derivatives using poly-nickel hydroxy tetraphenoxypyrrolephthalocyanine (poly-Ni(OH)TPhPyPc) modified vitreous carbon electrodes are described. The films were formed by the electro-transformation of the electropolymerized pyrrole-substituted phenoxyphthalocyanine poly-NiTPhPyPc modified electrode in aqueous 0.1 M NaOH solution. The poly-Ni(OH)TPhPyPc films showed better stability and resistance to electrode fouling compared to poly-NiTPhPyPc and unmodified electrodes. The resistance to surface fouling and stability can be attributed to the structure of the ring substituent on the phthalocyanine macrocycle and to the particular O–Ni–O bridged architecture of the nickel phthalocyanine film.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Obirai, Joseph , Bedioui, Fethi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289353 , vital:56625 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.11.006"
- Description: The electrochemical oxidation of phenol and its derivatives using poly-nickel hydroxy tetraphenoxypyrrolephthalocyanine (poly-Ni(OH)TPhPyPc) modified vitreous carbon electrodes are described. The films were formed by the electro-transformation of the electropolymerized pyrrole-substituted phenoxyphthalocyanine poly-NiTPhPyPc modified electrode in aqueous 0.1 M NaOH solution. The poly-Ni(OH)TPhPyPc films showed better stability and resistance to electrode fouling compared to poly-NiTPhPyPc and unmodified electrodes. The resistance to surface fouling and stability can be attributed to the structure of the ring substituent on the phthalocyanine macrocycle and to the particular O–Ni–O bridged architecture of the nickel phthalocyanine film.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Electrocatalytic oxidation and detection of hydrazine at gold electrode modified with iron phthalocyanine complex linked to mercaptopyridine self-assembled monolayer
- Ozoemena, Kenneth I, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/286065 , vital:56235 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2005.02.030"
- Description: Electrocatalytic oxidation and detection of hydrazine in pH 7.0 conditions were studied by using gold electrode modified with self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) complex axially ligated to a preformed 4-mercaptopyridine SAMs. The anodic oxidation of hydrazine in neutral pH conditions with FePc-linked-mercaptopyridine-SAM-modified gold electrode occurred at low overpotential (0.35 V versus Ag|AgCl) and the treatment of the voltammetric data showed that it was a pure diffusion-controlled reaction with the involvement of one electron in the rate-determining step. The mechanism for the interaction of hydrazine with the FePc-SAM is proposed to involve the Fe(III)Pc/Fe(II)Pc redox process. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Osteryoung square wave voltammetry (OSWV), hydrazine was detected over a linear concentration range of 1.3 × 10−5 to 9.2 × 10−5 mol/L with low limits of detection (ca. 5 and 11 μM for OSWV and CV, respectively). At concentrations higher than 1.2 × 10−4 mol/L the anodic peak potential shifted to 0.40 V (versus Ag|AgCl), and this was interpreted to be due to kinetic limitations resulting from the saturation of hydrazine and its oxidation products onto the redox-active monolayer film. This type of metallophthalocyanine-SAM-based electrode is a highly promising electrochemical sensor given its ease of fabrication, good catalytic activity, stability, sensitivity and simplicity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/286065 , vital:56235 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2005.02.030"
- Description: Electrocatalytic oxidation and detection of hydrazine in pH 7.0 conditions were studied by using gold electrode modified with self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) complex axially ligated to a preformed 4-mercaptopyridine SAMs. The anodic oxidation of hydrazine in neutral pH conditions with FePc-linked-mercaptopyridine-SAM-modified gold electrode occurred at low overpotential (0.35 V versus Ag|AgCl) and the treatment of the voltammetric data showed that it was a pure diffusion-controlled reaction with the involvement of one electron in the rate-determining step. The mechanism for the interaction of hydrazine with the FePc-SAM is proposed to involve the Fe(III)Pc/Fe(II)Pc redox process. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Osteryoung square wave voltammetry (OSWV), hydrazine was detected over a linear concentration range of 1.3 × 10−5 to 9.2 × 10−5 mol/L with low limits of detection (ca. 5 and 11 μM for OSWV and CV, respectively). At concentrations higher than 1.2 × 10−4 mol/L the anodic peak potential shifted to 0.40 V (versus Ag|AgCl), and this was interpreted to be due to kinetic limitations resulting from the saturation of hydrazine and its oxidation products onto the redox-active monolayer film. This type of metallophthalocyanine-SAM-based electrode is a highly promising electrochemical sensor given its ease of fabrication, good catalytic activity, stability, sensitivity and simplicity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Electropolymerized Pyrrole-Substituted Manganese Phthalocyanine Films for the Electroassisted Biomimetic Catalytic Reduction of Molecular Oxygen
- Rodrigues, Nazaré Pereira, Obirai, Joe, Nyokong, Tebello, Bedioui, Fethi
- Authors: Rodrigues, Nazaré Pereira , Obirai, Joe , Nyokong, Tebello , Bedioui, Fethi
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289372 , vital:56626 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200403064"
- Description: We report for the first time on the electroassisted biomimetic activation of molecular oxygen by a newly prepared electropolymerized polypyrrole-manganese phthalocyanine film. The prepared films and their intervention in the electroassisted catalytic reduction of molecular oxygen were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectrophotometry on optically transparent electrodes. The obtained results demonstrate the probable existence of the key-steps responsible for the suggested formation of the highly reactive manganese oxo intermediate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Rodrigues, Nazaré Pereira , Obirai, Joe , Nyokong, Tebello , Bedioui, Fethi
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289372 , vital:56626 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200403064"
- Description: We report for the first time on the electroassisted biomimetic activation of molecular oxygen by a newly prepared electropolymerized polypyrrole-manganese phthalocyanine film. The prepared films and their intervention in the electroassisted catalytic reduction of molecular oxygen were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectrophotometry on optically transparent electrodes. The obtained results demonstrate the probable existence of the key-steps responsible for the suggested formation of the highly reactive manganese oxo intermediate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Estimating the potential role of commercial over-harvesting in resource viability: A case study of five useful tree species in South Africa
- Shackleton, Charlie M, Guthrie, G, Main, R
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Guthrie, G , Main, R
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181324 , vital:43719 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.652"
- Description: There is a growing commercialization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) as a means of livelihood by rural communities throughout the developing world. This often occurs in the absence of any clear understanding of or guidelines regarding sustainable yields and ecological impacts, which may undermine the success of NTFP enterprises, especially from arid regions. This paper reports on the use of size class profiles and three quantitative indices to examine population profiles of five potentially useful tree species used as NTFPs in the semiarid lowveld of South Africa. We also contrast the population densities of the five tree species in 2003 with data from 1992. Low stem densities and population profiles indicated that three of the five species would preclude the establishment of NTFP enterprises based on their products. The other two species seem to have sufficient densities for some harvesting to take place, within an adaptive management framework. However, the longitudinal data indicated that the density of both these species had significantly declined over an eleven-year period, highlighting the need for appropriate management institutions. Additionally, the proportion of mature stems cut, and the degree of cutting per stem, had increased for all five species over the eleven years. The three quantitative indices of population stability were not correlated with one another, and hence provided a useful suite of measures sensitive to different aspects of size class profiles and their interpretation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Guthrie, G , Main, R
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181324 , vital:43719 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.652"
- Description: There is a growing commercialization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) as a means of livelihood by rural communities throughout the developing world. This often occurs in the absence of any clear understanding of or guidelines regarding sustainable yields and ecological impacts, which may undermine the success of NTFP enterprises, especially from arid regions. This paper reports on the use of size class profiles and three quantitative indices to examine population profiles of five potentially useful tree species used as NTFPs in the semiarid lowveld of South Africa. We also contrast the population densities of the five tree species in 2003 with data from 1992. Low stem densities and population profiles indicated that three of the five species would preclude the establishment of NTFP enterprises based on their products. The other two species seem to have sufficient densities for some harvesting to take place, within an adaptive management framework. However, the longitudinal data indicated that the density of both these species had significantly declined over an eleven-year period, highlighting the need for appropriate management institutions. Additionally, the proportion of mature stems cut, and the degree of cutting per stem, had increased for all five species over the eleven years. The three quantitative indices of population stability were not correlated with one another, and hence provided a useful suite of measures sensitive to different aspects of size class profiles and their interpretation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Evaluating parts-of-speech taggers for use in a text-to-scene conversion system
- Glass, Kevin R, Bangay, Shaun D
- Authors: Glass, Kevin R , Bangay, Shaun D
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432654 , vital:72890 , https://www.cs.ru.ac.za/research/groups/vrsig/currentprojects/053texttoscene/paper01.pdf
- Description: This paper presents parts-of-speech tagging as a first step towards an autonomous text-to-scene conversion system. It categorizes some freely available taggers, according to the techniques used by each in order to automatically identify word-classes. In addition, the performance of each identified tagger is verified experimentally. The SUSANNE corpus is used for testing and reveals the complexity of working with different tagsets, resulting in substantially lower accuracies in our tests than in those reported by the developers of each tagger. The taggers are then grouped to form a voting system to attempt to raise accuracies, but in no cases do the combined results improve upon the individual accuracies. Additionally a new metric, agreement, is tentatively proposed as an indication of confidence in the output of a group of taggers where such output cannot be validated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Glass, Kevin R , Bangay, Shaun D
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432654 , vital:72890 , https://www.cs.ru.ac.za/research/groups/vrsig/currentprojects/053texttoscene/paper01.pdf
- Description: This paper presents parts-of-speech tagging as a first step towards an autonomous text-to-scene conversion system. It categorizes some freely available taggers, according to the techniques used by each in order to automatically identify word-classes. In addition, the performance of each identified tagger is verified experimentally. The SUSANNE corpus is used for testing and reveals the complexity of working with different tagsets, resulting in substantially lower accuracies in our tests than in those reported by the developers of each tagger. The taggers are then grouped to form a voting system to attempt to raise accuracies, but in no cases do the combined results improve upon the individual accuracies. Additionally a new metric, agreement, is tentatively proposed as an indication of confidence in the output of a group of taggers where such output cannot be validated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Five unpublished coins of Alexander the great and his successors in the Rhodes University collection
- Snowball, Jeanette D, Snowball, Warren D
- Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D , Snowball, Warren D
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70359 , vital:29648 , http://dx.doi.org/10.7445/50-0-73
- Description: The article briefly discusses the economic and political significance of the Alexander III(“the Great”) type silver tetradrachm and publishes three of his coins currently held by the Rhodes University Classics Museum. Based on stylistic elements, they are classified as from the Amphipolis and Arados mints and were probably minted during his lifetime. Two further tetradrachms from the empires of Alexander’s successors, Ptolemy II and Seleucus IV, are also published.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Five unpublished coins of Alexander the great and his successors in the Rhodes University collection
- Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D , Snowball, Warren D
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70359 , vital:29648 , http://dx.doi.org/10.7445/50-0-73
- Description: The article briefly discusses the economic and political significance of the Alexander III(“the Great”) type silver tetradrachm and publishes three of his coins currently held by the Rhodes University Classics Museum. Based on stylistic elements, they are classified as from the Amphipolis and Arados mints and were probably minted during his lifetime. Two further tetradrachms from the empires of Alexander’s successors, Ptolemy II and Seleucus IV, are also published.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Harnessing newsroom knowledge:
- Authors: Berger, Guy
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159244 , vital:40280 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146387
- Description: Nairobi's Nation newspaper has a sophisticated content management system (CMS); Grahamstown's Grocott's Mail has a patchwork of paper and computer tech. In Harare, the Mirror and the Independent newspapers fall somewhere in between. But what all of them lack is a way to use information communication technologies for knowledge management.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Berger, Guy
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159244 , vital:40280 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146387
- Description: Nairobi's Nation newspaper has a sophisticated content management system (CMS); Grahamstown's Grocott's Mail has a patchwork of paper and computer tech. In Harare, the Mirror and the Independent newspapers fall somewhere in between. But what all of them lack is a way to use information communication technologies for knowledge management.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Hydrogen peroxide oxidation of 2-chlorophenol and 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenol catalyzed by monomeric and aggregated cobalt tetrasulfophthalocyanine
- Agboola, Bolade, Ozoemena, Kenneth I, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Agboola, Bolade , Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289249 , vital:56612 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2004.10.041"
- Description: Cobalt tetrasulfophthalocyanine (CoTSPc) was used to catalyze the oxidation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP) using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the oxidant. This CoTSPc catalyzed hydrogen peroxide oxidation of chlorophenols resulted in the formation of different types of oxidation products depending on the solvent conditions. In water/methanol conditions (where CoTSPc is mainly monomeric, and unionized forms of the phenols), phenol and hydroquinone were the main oxidation products, while in phosphate buffer solutions (pH 7 and 10 for TCP and 2-CP, respectively, where CoTSPc is mainly aggregated, and ionized forms of the phenols), benzoquinone was the main product. In contrast to CoTSPc, other MTSPc complexes studied (AlTSPc, CuTSPc and NiTSPc) exhibited no detectable catalytic effect on the oxidation of chlorophenols under the experimental conditions employed, thus proving the effect of the central metal ions on efficient catalysis of chlorophenol. Reaction pathways are proposed based on the relative time of oxidation products formation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Agboola, Bolade , Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289249 , vital:56612 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2004.10.041"
- Description: Cobalt tetrasulfophthalocyanine (CoTSPc) was used to catalyze the oxidation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP) using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the oxidant. This CoTSPc catalyzed hydrogen peroxide oxidation of chlorophenols resulted in the formation of different types of oxidation products depending on the solvent conditions. In water/methanol conditions (where CoTSPc is mainly monomeric, and unionized forms of the phenols), phenol and hydroquinone were the main oxidation products, while in phosphate buffer solutions (pH 7 and 10 for TCP and 2-CP, respectively, where CoTSPc is mainly aggregated, and ionized forms of the phenols), benzoquinone was the main product. In contrast to CoTSPc, other MTSPc complexes studied (AlTSPc, CuTSPc and NiTSPc) exhibited no detectable catalytic effect on the oxidation of chlorophenols under the experimental conditions employed, thus proving the effect of the central metal ions on efficient catalysis of chlorophenol. Reaction pathways are proposed based on the relative time of oxidation products formation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Imbhola yesiXhosa traditional Xhosa cosmetics:
- Cocks, Michelle L, Dold, Anthony P
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141370 , vital:37966 , http://pza.sanbi.org/sites/default/files/info_library/imbhola_yesixhosa_pdf.pdf
- Description: Plants have been used for cosmetic purposes since time immemorial. The earliest known cosmetics come from the First Dynasty of Egypt, about 3100-2907 BC. Since the ancient Egyptians who used olive oil perfumed with aromatic plants to keep their skin supple, humans have been using plant extracts for cleansing and beautifying purposes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141370 , vital:37966 , http://pza.sanbi.org/sites/default/files/info_library/imbhola_yesixhosa_pdf.pdf
- Description: Plants have been used for cosmetic purposes since time immemorial. The earliest known cosmetics come from the First Dynasty of Egypt, about 3100-2907 BC. Since the ancient Egyptians who used olive oil perfumed with aromatic plants to keep their skin supple, humans have been using plant extracts for cleansing and beautifying purposes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Immobilized cobalt (II) phthalocyanine–cobalt (II) porphyrin pentamer at a glassy carbon electrode
- Ozoemena, Kenneth I, Zhao, Zhixin, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Zhao, Zhixin , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/300322 , vital:57916 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2005.04.019"
- Description: This communication describes the electrochemistry of a novel cobalt phthalocyanine–cobalt porphyrin (cobalt(II)phthalocyanine–cobalt(II)tetra(5-phenoxy-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin)) (CoPc-(CoTPP)4) immobilised onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The GCE-CoPc-(CoTPP)4 displayed high efficiency as a potential amperometric sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in neutral and alkaline pH conditions. Electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of the pentamer seem to depend mostly on the central CoPc, and partly, on the synergistic effect of the CoPc/CoPP units. The GCE-CoPc-(CoTPP)4 showed very fast amperometric response (∼1 s), with linearities up to ⩾1.50 mM, low detection limits (μM range) and stability (8 weeks) towards the amperometric determination of laboratory and medical solutions of H2O2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Ozoemena, Kenneth I , Zhao, Zhixin , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/300322 , vital:57916 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2005.04.019"
- Description: This communication describes the electrochemistry of a novel cobalt phthalocyanine–cobalt porphyrin (cobalt(II)phthalocyanine–cobalt(II)tetra(5-phenoxy-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin)) (CoPc-(CoTPP)4) immobilised onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The GCE-CoPc-(CoTPP)4 displayed high efficiency as a potential amperometric sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in neutral and alkaline pH conditions. Electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of the pentamer seem to depend mostly on the central CoPc, and partly, on the synergistic effect of the CoPc/CoPP units. The GCE-CoPc-(CoTPP)4 showed very fast amperometric response (∼1 s), with linearities up to ⩾1.50 mM, low detection limits (μM range) and stability (8 weeks) towards the amperometric determination of laboratory and medical solutions of H2O2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
In-kernel cryptographic executable verification
- Motara, Yusuf, M, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Motara, Yusuf, M , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429049 , vital:72556 , https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-31163-7_25
- Description: This paper discusses the problems posed by Trojan horses and unauthorized code, and reviews existing solutions for dealing with them. A technique involving the in-kernel verification of executables is proposed. Its advantages include simplicity, transparency, ease of use and minimal setup time. In addition, the technique has several applications, including assisting with honeypot implementations, incident response and forensic investigations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Motara, Yusuf, M , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429049 , vital:72556 , https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-31163-7_25
- Description: This paper discusses the problems posed by Trojan horses and unauthorized code, and reviews existing solutions for dealing with them. A technique involving the in-kernel verification of executables is proposed. Its advantages include simplicity, transparency, ease of use and minimal setup time. In addition, the technique has several applications, including assisting with honeypot implementations, incident response and forensic investigations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
In-kernel cryptographic executable verification
- Motara, Yusuf, M, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Motara, Yusuf, M , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429937 , vital:72653 , https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-31163-7_25
- Description: This paper discusses the problems posed by Trojan horses and unau-thorized code, and reviews existing solutions for dealing with them. A technique involving the in-kernel verification of executables is pro-posed. Its advantages include simplicity, transparency, ease of use and minimal setup time. In addition, the technique has several applications, including assisting with honeypot implementations, incident response and forensic investigations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Motara, Yusuf, M , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429937 , vital:72653 , https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-31163-7_25
- Description: This paper discusses the problems posed by Trojan horses and unau-thorized code, and reviews existing solutions for dealing with them. A technique involving the in-kernel verification of executables is pro-posed. Its advantages include simplicity, transparency, ease of use and minimal setup time. In addition, the technique has several applications, including assisting with honeypot implementations, incident response and forensic investigations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Language is culture:
- Authors: Malila, Vanessa
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159256 , vital:40281 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146402
- Description: Many of us think that English dominates the web pages we surf each day. Indeed, until recently English was the predominant language for publishing online, but things are slowly changing and the presence of linguistic diversity on the Internet is starting to become a reality in the global village. The question, however, remains: how many African languages are represented in that diversity?.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Malila, Vanessa
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159256 , vital:40281 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146402
- Description: Many of us think that English dominates the web pages we surf each day. Indeed, until recently English was the predominant language for publishing online, but things are slowly changing and the presence of linguistic diversity on the Internet is starting to become a reality in the global village. The question, however, remains: how many African languages are represented in that diversity?.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005