Challenges and opportunities of coastal and marine tourism in Swartkops river estuary
- Authors: Nokela, Thembela
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Marine Protected Area , Ocean economy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62286 , vital:72370
- Description: This study's goal was to pinpoint the challenges and untapped opportunities associated with Coastal and Marine Tourism (CMT) in the Swartkops River Estuary (SRE). CMT has become the biggest segment of the travel industry. Moreover, this form of alternative tourism is the most significant and fastest developing economic activity in the ocean. The objectives of this study were to identify the challenges that hinder the development of CMT in SRE, to determine opportunities for CMT in SRE, to evaluate NMBM’s efforts in creating and sustaining CMT in SRE and to evaluate the status of CMT in SRE in terms of CMT related development. This study fit within the interprevist paradigm and made use of a qualitative research approach and design as well as inductive reasoning. The qualitative research design consisted of data being collected through document and content analysis. Data was analysed using data analysis process of Miles and Herman (1994) as well as the coding and developing of specific themes that emerged from the data. The data in this phase was presented both in narrative format and tables. The document analysis used in this study was established based on the objectives of this study. The findings of this study revealed that key challenges that hinder the growth of CMT in Swartkops River Estuary are environmental impacts that include pollution, over-enrichment, inappropriate development, overfishing, destruction of mudflats, limited freshwater inflow, destruction of vegetation and climate change. The findings also revealed that there are opportunities for CMT in SRE such as promoting SRE as a popular ecotourism destination by developing ecotourism nodes. These include environmental education at the Aloes Nature Reserve's and the Swartkops Estuary south-east section, sustainable ecolodges and conference centres. The study recommends that the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality should organize educational xv programmes to educate local people about the significance of conserving and safeguarding the environment for future generations. These findings also posed certain challenges linked to those identified in the analysis. It is recommended that local communities are urged to take an active role in CMT and should regard CMT as a vital development sector that produces jobs. The study also recommends that the community can also develop local campaigns such clean ups, challenging the efficiency of environmental policies and participating dialogues to help alleviate the environmental impacts faced by SRE , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Nokela, Thembela
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Marine Protected Area , Ocean economy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62286 , vital:72370
- Description: This study's goal was to pinpoint the challenges and untapped opportunities associated with Coastal and Marine Tourism (CMT) in the Swartkops River Estuary (SRE). CMT has become the biggest segment of the travel industry. Moreover, this form of alternative tourism is the most significant and fastest developing economic activity in the ocean. The objectives of this study were to identify the challenges that hinder the development of CMT in SRE, to determine opportunities for CMT in SRE, to evaluate NMBM’s efforts in creating and sustaining CMT in SRE and to evaluate the status of CMT in SRE in terms of CMT related development. This study fit within the interprevist paradigm and made use of a qualitative research approach and design as well as inductive reasoning. The qualitative research design consisted of data being collected through document and content analysis. Data was analysed using data analysis process of Miles and Herman (1994) as well as the coding and developing of specific themes that emerged from the data. The data in this phase was presented both in narrative format and tables. The document analysis used in this study was established based on the objectives of this study. The findings of this study revealed that key challenges that hinder the growth of CMT in Swartkops River Estuary are environmental impacts that include pollution, over-enrichment, inappropriate development, overfishing, destruction of mudflats, limited freshwater inflow, destruction of vegetation and climate change. The findings also revealed that there are opportunities for CMT in SRE such as promoting SRE as a popular ecotourism destination by developing ecotourism nodes. These include environmental education at the Aloes Nature Reserve's and the Swartkops Estuary south-east section, sustainable ecolodges and conference centres. The study recommends that the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality should organize educational xv programmes to educate local people about the significance of conserving and safeguarding the environment for future generations. These findings also posed certain challenges linked to those identified in the analysis. It is recommended that local communities are urged to take an active role in CMT and should regard CMT as a vital development sector that produces jobs. The study also recommends that the community can also develop local campaigns such clean ups, challenging the efficiency of environmental policies and participating dialogues to help alleviate the environmental impacts faced by SRE , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Collective entrepreneurship and economic development in MALAWI: A case study of Blantyre City
- Authors: Kadewa, Mireille Joana
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Economic development -- Malawi , Small business -- Malawi , Malawi
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61420 , vital:70636
- Description: Entrepreneurship is one of the corner stones of poverty alleviation as it is a tool for economic growth. As Malawi’s SME sector comprising entrepreneurs is facing challenges such as lack of access to finance, and high business operating costs, collective entrepreneurship has been found to be a possible solution. Collective entrepreneurship occurs when individual’s resources and skills are incorporated into a group so that the innovation process and accessing marketing resources is made easier compared to individual effort. The collective ability of individuals and organisations is important in developing countries as it enables the use of the community as a means of targeting business opportunities and hence promoting growth of the economy. This study’s purpose was to assess the potential of collective entrepreneurship in enhancing economic development in Malawi. Specifically, the study aimed to investigate the youths’ attitudes towards collective entrepreneurship, examine the potential of collective entrepreneurship to empower the youth economically, explore ways of engaging the youth in collective entrepreneurship programmes and identify strategies that could be used to promote economic development by the youth through collective entrepreneurship. The study focused on the youth to increase their empowerment economically, as this element was previously not critically examined. Furthermore, this study was based on the fact that not much research has been conducted in Malawi to guide an entrepreneurship development strategy. The study’s participants were from Blantyre City townships. A survey method was adopted, targeting a population of 90 respondents. Data was collected using 40 questionnaires, 17 in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions. Data was analysed using software packages such as Rev, Microsoft Excel and SPSS. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the youth are ready to participate in collective entrepreneurship ventures as they can potentially empower them economically. The study found ways of engaging the youth in collective entrepreneurship programmes, which included financial institutions such as banks providing timely tailored financing options and engaging responsively with youth. The study identified strategies that could be used to promote economic development by means of collective entrepreneurship including universities supporting young entrepreneurs through courses on collective vii entrepreneurship, and the hosting of incubator and accelerator programmes. The study made several recommendations which among them was targeting the youth in the formation of collective entrepreneurship programmes, developing policies that embrace key success factors for collective entrepreneurship and promoting entities that can foster collective entrepreneurship. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Kadewa, Mireille Joana
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Economic development -- Malawi , Small business -- Malawi , Malawi
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61420 , vital:70636
- Description: Entrepreneurship is one of the corner stones of poverty alleviation as it is a tool for economic growth. As Malawi’s SME sector comprising entrepreneurs is facing challenges such as lack of access to finance, and high business operating costs, collective entrepreneurship has been found to be a possible solution. Collective entrepreneurship occurs when individual’s resources and skills are incorporated into a group so that the innovation process and accessing marketing resources is made easier compared to individual effort. The collective ability of individuals and organisations is important in developing countries as it enables the use of the community as a means of targeting business opportunities and hence promoting growth of the economy. This study’s purpose was to assess the potential of collective entrepreneurship in enhancing economic development in Malawi. Specifically, the study aimed to investigate the youths’ attitudes towards collective entrepreneurship, examine the potential of collective entrepreneurship to empower the youth economically, explore ways of engaging the youth in collective entrepreneurship programmes and identify strategies that could be used to promote economic development by the youth through collective entrepreneurship. The study focused on the youth to increase their empowerment economically, as this element was previously not critically examined. Furthermore, this study was based on the fact that not much research has been conducted in Malawi to guide an entrepreneurship development strategy. The study’s participants were from Blantyre City townships. A survey method was adopted, targeting a population of 90 respondents. Data was collected using 40 questionnaires, 17 in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions. Data was analysed using software packages such as Rev, Microsoft Excel and SPSS. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the youth are ready to participate in collective entrepreneurship ventures as they can potentially empower them economically. The study found ways of engaging the youth in collective entrepreneurship programmes, which included financial institutions such as banks providing timely tailored financing options and engaging responsively with youth. The study identified strategies that could be used to promote economic development by means of collective entrepreneurship including universities supporting young entrepreneurs through courses on collective vii entrepreneurship, and the hosting of incubator and accelerator programmes. The study made several recommendations which among them was targeting the youth in the formation of collective entrepreneurship programmes, developing policies that embrace key success factors for collective entrepreneurship and promoting entities that can foster collective entrepreneurship. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Consumer perceptions of human digital twins as a marketing tool
- Botha, M
- Authors: Botha, M
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Digital twins (Computer simulation) , Industry 4.0
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61004 , vital:69685
- Description: A Digital Twin is a digital representation of a physical product or entity or a “set of virtual information constructs”. To effectively represent its physical counterpart, the digital representation needs to know about its properties, rules and behaviour. In order to enable this, there is a constant flow of data between physical objects and digital representations. The data contained in the digital representation allows simulations to be conducted and learnings from these simulations enable better decision making without affecting the physical realm. Human Digital Twins duplicate a person, rather than a physical product or artifact. As Human Digital Twins hold large amounts of data about a person and are able to utilise this data to predict a person’s possible behaviour and control a person’s choices Human Digital Twins hold economic value for organisations. Human Digital Twins can be effectively used in consumer choice modelling to determine a person’s preferences and assist organisations in marketing products and alternatives to customers. Location, purchasing behaviour and online activity can be used to predict potential future customer behaviour and choices. In previous studies proposing Human Digital Twins, limited emphasis has been placed on the opinion of the people who have been twinned. There are several ethical and moral implications in creating Human Digital Twins. The perceptions of the twinning process of people have not adequately been researched. Current technology allows Human Digital Twins to be created but challenges lie with the moral and ethical complications in a person’s Digital Twin acceptance. Various factors have been identified in previous research relating to Human Digital Twins. Knowledge, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Trust and Technological Proficiency are factors that have an influence on a person’s Human Digital Twin acceptance. These factors were considered as independent factors of the conceptual model while user acceptance was considered the dependent factor of the proposed model. The questionnaire for this study was completed by a sample of 121 respondents, who were reached through convenience and snowball sampling. The questionnaire was primarily distributed to students at the Nelson Mandela Business School in Gqeberha, South Africa. The demographic data indicates that a high number of respondents v reside in the Eastern Cape and the majority of respondents achieved a post graduate degree. This is not necessarily an accurate description of the South African population and the sample used in future studies should be more representative of the South African population. The results indicate that the independent factors Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use and Technological Proficiency had significant positive effects on Human Digital Twin acceptance. Two of the original independent factors were split into two sub-factors as a result of the EFA. The independent factor Trust became Human Digital Twin Distrust and Trust in Companies using Human Digital Twins. The independent factor Knowledge became Knowledge about Human Digital Twins and Knowledge about the role of technology. This study based its conceptual model on the Technology Acceptance Model. The model relies on two major determinants, Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use, to determine a user’s intention to use and accept a technology. This study added new determinants of acceptance to the original TAM, two of which was found reliable. Knowledge of Human Digital Twins and Technological Proficiency were both found to have a significant positive influence on the acceptance of Human Digital Twins. This study was one of the first to suggest a relationship between Technological Proficiency and the acceptance of a new technology. The managerial recommendations set out to bridge the gap between this study and practice. It is not uncommon for researchers to suggest corrective actions and make strategic recommendations based on the results of a study. This study provided managerial recommendations to marketers who want to employ Human Digital Twins in their strategies. This will allow marketers to test campaigns and improve on existing campaigns much quicker than before and take new products to market with testing marketing strategies at a much quicker pace. Organisations need to be cognisant of the fact that legal issues such privacy, consent, discrimination and copyright will be very important when creating Human Digital Twins. Marketers will not only be able to use information gathered by Human Digital Twins in the real world but in virtual worlds as well. , Thesis (MA) -- FFaculty of business and economic sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Botha, M
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Digital twins (Computer simulation) , Industry 4.0
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61004 , vital:69685
- Description: A Digital Twin is a digital representation of a physical product or entity or a “set of virtual information constructs”. To effectively represent its physical counterpart, the digital representation needs to know about its properties, rules and behaviour. In order to enable this, there is a constant flow of data between physical objects and digital representations. The data contained in the digital representation allows simulations to be conducted and learnings from these simulations enable better decision making without affecting the physical realm. Human Digital Twins duplicate a person, rather than a physical product or artifact. As Human Digital Twins hold large amounts of data about a person and are able to utilise this data to predict a person’s possible behaviour and control a person’s choices Human Digital Twins hold economic value for organisations. Human Digital Twins can be effectively used in consumer choice modelling to determine a person’s preferences and assist organisations in marketing products and alternatives to customers. Location, purchasing behaviour and online activity can be used to predict potential future customer behaviour and choices. In previous studies proposing Human Digital Twins, limited emphasis has been placed on the opinion of the people who have been twinned. There are several ethical and moral implications in creating Human Digital Twins. The perceptions of the twinning process of people have not adequately been researched. Current technology allows Human Digital Twins to be created but challenges lie with the moral and ethical complications in a person’s Digital Twin acceptance. Various factors have been identified in previous research relating to Human Digital Twins. Knowledge, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Trust and Technological Proficiency are factors that have an influence on a person’s Human Digital Twin acceptance. These factors were considered as independent factors of the conceptual model while user acceptance was considered the dependent factor of the proposed model. The questionnaire for this study was completed by a sample of 121 respondents, who were reached through convenience and snowball sampling. The questionnaire was primarily distributed to students at the Nelson Mandela Business School in Gqeberha, South Africa. The demographic data indicates that a high number of respondents v reside in the Eastern Cape and the majority of respondents achieved a post graduate degree. This is not necessarily an accurate description of the South African population and the sample used in future studies should be more representative of the South African population. The results indicate that the independent factors Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use and Technological Proficiency had significant positive effects on Human Digital Twin acceptance. Two of the original independent factors were split into two sub-factors as a result of the EFA. The independent factor Trust became Human Digital Twin Distrust and Trust in Companies using Human Digital Twins. The independent factor Knowledge became Knowledge about Human Digital Twins and Knowledge about the role of technology. This study based its conceptual model on the Technology Acceptance Model. The model relies on two major determinants, Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use, to determine a user’s intention to use and accept a technology. This study added new determinants of acceptance to the original TAM, two of which was found reliable. Knowledge of Human Digital Twins and Technological Proficiency were both found to have a significant positive influence on the acceptance of Human Digital Twins. This study was one of the first to suggest a relationship between Technological Proficiency and the acceptance of a new technology. The managerial recommendations set out to bridge the gap between this study and practice. It is not uncommon for researchers to suggest corrective actions and make strategic recommendations based on the results of a study. This study provided managerial recommendations to marketers who want to employ Human Digital Twins in their strategies. This will allow marketers to test campaigns and improve on existing campaigns much quicker than before and take new products to market with testing marketing strategies at a much quicker pace. Organisations need to be cognisant of the fact that legal issues such privacy, consent, discrimination and copyright will be very important when creating Human Digital Twins. Marketers will not only be able to use information gathered by Human Digital Twins in the real world but in virtual worlds as well. , Thesis (MA) -- FFaculty of business and economic sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Continuous flow synthesis of a key intermediate towards the antidiabetic drug repaglinide
- Authors: Williams, Arushan
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Diabetes -- Miscellanea -- South Africa , Diabetes –Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61064 , vital:69715
- Description: Across the world, diabetes is one of the leading causes of deaths attributed to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). In Africa, a huge proportion of African countries’ annual healthcare budgets are consumed by diabetes (7 %) with many already experiencing healthcare budget deficits. The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly growing and threatens the economic productivity and livelihood of many families within the region. The world leaders have invested heavily in reducing the pandemic by focusing on increasing the availability of affordable essential medicines in developing countries. The majority of diabetes cases are due to type 2 diabetes (90 %) and may be treated using oral hypoglycaemic drugs (OHDs). Repaglinide (REP) is a non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogue (meglitinide) with greater HbA1c reduction than metformin in newly onset type 2 diabetic patients, however due to the high price of REP outside Asia, cheaper and less effective OHDs are prescribed to patients. Many of the reported synthetic routes towards REP utilize a key intermediate, 2-(3-ethoxy-4- iethoxycarbonyl)phenyl)acetic acid. The key intermediate contributes significantly to the price of REP as many of the intermediate’s synthetic routes suffer from long reaction times, low yields and industrial complex approaches. Therefore, this has prompted us to investigate an efficient process towards the synthesis of 2-(3-ethoxy-4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl)acetic acid using multiple continuous flow systems. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Williams, Arushan
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Diabetes -- Miscellanea -- South Africa , Diabetes –Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61064 , vital:69715
- Description: Across the world, diabetes is one of the leading causes of deaths attributed to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). In Africa, a huge proportion of African countries’ annual healthcare budgets are consumed by diabetes (7 %) with many already experiencing healthcare budget deficits. The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly growing and threatens the economic productivity and livelihood of many families within the region. The world leaders have invested heavily in reducing the pandemic by focusing on increasing the availability of affordable essential medicines in developing countries. The majority of diabetes cases are due to type 2 diabetes (90 %) and may be treated using oral hypoglycaemic drugs (OHDs). Repaglinide (REP) is a non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogue (meglitinide) with greater HbA1c reduction than metformin in newly onset type 2 diabetic patients, however due to the high price of REP outside Asia, cheaper and less effective OHDs are prescribed to patients. Many of the reported synthetic routes towards REP utilize a key intermediate, 2-(3-ethoxy-4- iethoxycarbonyl)phenyl)acetic acid. The key intermediate contributes significantly to the price of REP as many of the intermediate’s synthetic routes suffer from long reaction times, low yields and industrial complex approaches. Therefore, this has prompted us to investigate an efficient process towards the synthesis of 2-(3-ethoxy-4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl)acetic acid using multiple continuous flow systems. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Costs and consequences at the population-environment-development interface in St Francis Bay: exploring the linkages of a complex system
- Authors: Pringle, Geena
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Population -- Environmental aspects , Population --Statistics , Loliginidae -- South Africa -- st francis bay
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61294 , vital:70065
- Description: Coastal zones the world over are particularly attractive for the development of human settlements. Naturally, this trend frequently results in human induced disturbances of sensitive ecosystems, often resulting in dramatic and unintended consequences. The South African coastline is no stranger to this phenomenon. Dynamics at the population-environment-development interface in the coastal zone often presents affected communities and institutions with complex challenges. An infamous case along the South African coastline is the settlement of St Francis Bay, the focus of this dissertation. St Francis Bay was established as a holiday village around sixty years ago and its economy is today firmly dependent on the fragile bond and reciprocal relationship between the tourist trade and the integrity of sandy beaches. The dissertation, against this background and drawing from complex systems theory, explores the links between human activity and the biophysical environment and the ominous costs and consequences that are produced at the local population-environment-development interface. Domains that are considered within the nexus of relevant aspects include the wind-driven sediment bypass system across the local headland; climate change; the local economy; social wellbeing, inequality and social justice; as well urban planning and political governance. The desktop study applied to St Francis Bay made use of Geographic Information Systems and statistical information to form the basis of the methodological approach in this dissertation. The Population-Environment-Development nexus was formed as a result. The results illustrate how critical levels of beach erosion are connected amidst an intricate reciprocal nexus to these and other aspects. It demonstrates that the sustainability of the settlement hinges on the understanding of such linkages and underscores the relevance of the methodological approach that is applied. The sustainability of the environment and the resulting impact on the quality of life of the human population remains a challenge for future generations as well as governance systems. By acknowledging and understanding the complexity that exists in coastal zones allows for future research on the topic to be explored and enable key role players to proactively intervene to benefit the population and the environment. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Pringle, Geena
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Population -- Environmental aspects , Population --Statistics , Loliginidae -- South Africa -- st francis bay
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61294 , vital:70065
- Description: Coastal zones the world over are particularly attractive for the development of human settlements. Naturally, this trend frequently results in human induced disturbances of sensitive ecosystems, often resulting in dramatic and unintended consequences. The South African coastline is no stranger to this phenomenon. Dynamics at the population-environment-development interface in the coastal zone often presents affected communities and institutions with complex challenges. An infamous case along the South African coastline is the settlement of St Francis Bay, the focus of this dissertation. St Francis Bay was established as a holiday village around sixty years ago and its economy is today firmly dependent on the fragile bond and reciprocal relationship between the tourist trade and the integrity of sandy beaches. The dissertation, against this background and drawing from complex systems theory, explores the links between human activity and the biophysical environment and the ominous costs and consequences that are produced at the local population-environment-development interface. Domains that are considered within the nexus of relevant aspects include the wind-driven sediment bypass system across the local headland; climate change; the local economy; social wellbeing, inequality and social justice; as well urban planning and political governance. The desktop study applied to St Francis Bay made use of Geographic Information Systems and statistical information to form the basis of the methodological approach in this dissertation. The Population-Environment-Development nexus was formed as a result. The results illustrate how critical levels of beach erosion are connected amidst an intricate reciprocal nexus to these and other aspects. It demonstrates that the sustainability of the settlement hinges on the understanding of such linkages and underscores the relevance of the methodological approach that is applied. The sustainability of the environment and the resulting impact on the quality of life of the human population remains a challenge for future generations as well as governance systems. By acknowledging and understanding the complexity that exists in coastal zones allows for future research on the topic to be explored and enable key role players to proactively intervene to benefit the population and the environment. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Desired sensory branding strategies in-store versus online: the skincare industry
- Authors: Berman, Gabriella
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Sensory branding , Hides and skins industry , Teleshopping
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60970 , vital:69556
- Description: Modern shoppers are inundated with purchasing options in every product category, with thousands of brands competing for their patronage. It has therefore become increasingly important for organisations to differentiate product offerings in the market if they want to be competitive. It has further been highlighted that an individual’s experience of a brand is of paramount importance, as it is directly linked to brand loyalty. A vehicle for creating memorable brand experiences is the utilisation of multi-sensory experiences or sensory branding. Within the context of traditional or in-store shopping, sensory branding encompasses the use of visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile and gustatory stimuli to adjust consumer purchasing behaviour. However, more and more consumers are opting for online shopping, spurred on by the effects of the global COVID-19 pandemic, and are no less demanding of brands online than they would be in-store. The cosmetics and personal care industry is one of the more predominant gainers from e-commerce. The skincare industry exhibited one of the largest growth rates from 2019 – 2025 and had an estimated market value of $155.8 billion in 2022. When considering the South African skincare industry in isolation, there is no exception, categorised by high average growth rates and many competitive players in the market. This is apparent when considering that the skincare industry within South Africa is expcted to grow annually by 5.48% from 2023 to 2027, translating to an industry value of $788.4 million by 2027 (Statista 2023). With reference to in-store shopping for skincare products, sensory marketing strategies have been known to be heavily relied on. Therefore, with consumers moving towards online shopping, it is essential for skincare businesses to consider how to deliver sensory experiences online as well as in-store. Whilst the importance of the use of sensory branding and marketing in the skincare industry is notable, both in-store and online, it was established that while there is research available on sensory branding, there is very limited academic research on digital sensory branding and the sensory branding of v skincare products. Moreover, to the researcher’s knowledge, no academic literature specifically investigates the digital sensory branding of skincare brands. Therefore, this study will contribute not only by adding academic research to the topic being investigated but also through rreccomendations made based on the outcomes of this study to skincare brands in South Africa. From the comprehensive literature review, a conceptual model was constructed to investigate the relationship between traditional and digital sensory branding strategies (independent variables) and brand loyalty (dependent variable). Two sets of hypotheses were formulated relating to the identified variables of this study and the empirical research conducted was utilised to deduce whether these hypotheses should be rejected or supported. To conduct the empirical research needed for this study, certain research methodology was employed. This study made use of a positivistic paradigm and a quantitative approach. The target population of this study constituted consumers who had purchased skincare products in-store as well as online and, as no true sample frame existed, respondents were selected through the use of non-probability sampling, more specifically, convenience sampling. To collect the data, an online survey was used, with the specific data collection instrument being a web-based self-administered questionnaire, which was distributed via social media platforms, such as Facebook and LinkedIn, as well as via email. Section A of the questionnaire focused on the demographic details of the respondents, while Section B – Section F related to the variables of the study. A total of 372 potential respondents started the questionnaire, however only 321 questionnaires were deemed usable after the data had been coded and cleaned, indicating a response rate of 86.3%. This study made use of both descriptive (measures of central tendency as well as standard deviation and skewness) and inferential (SEM Models, Primary Models, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, Chi-Square test of Association, ANOVAs and Welch Robust test, Tukey test and Games Howell Test as well as Cohen’s d) statistics to interpret the data, which was graphically illustrated. vi The empirical investigation conducted in this study between the variables and sub-variables revealed that significant relationships exist between traditional sensory branding strategies (traditional olfactory and tactile stimuli) and digital sensory branding strategies (digital visual, olfactory and tactile stimuli) and brand loyalty, with refence to the skincare industry. It was further notable that, with specific reference to the skincare industry, the sense of sight, smell and touch are key factors for sensory branding, whereas auditory stimuli were found to only be useful when used in unison with the other senses. Moreover, with reference to in-store shopping, it was deduced that consumers shop for skincare mostly via retail outlets, which could lead to sensory overload. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that younger consumers are price sensitive. Based on the pertinent empirical results, and corresponding literature findings, of this study, recommendations were provided to businesses operating in the skincare industry. With reference to in-store trading, it was recommended that because skincare is mostly sold via retail outlets, the brand itself does not have control over all sensory stimuli to which the consumer is exposed. As a result, consumers may be subject to sensory overload and skincare brands should keep their sensory branding in-store simple. Moreover, skincare brands could make use of an in-store aesthetician or beautician, which would facilitate consumer-product interaction. With regards to online trading, a recommendation for skincare brands would be to use moving images or GIFs, which will allow the consumer to more easily imagine the feel of the product. Moreover, skincare brands can make use of brand ambassadors to create “unboxing” videos, which will convey more clearly the sensory information of the product and instil confidence in consumers. Reccomendations were also made with reference to the financial state of consumers, as the financial position of the respondents could influence their decision making. The limitations of this study comprised the availability of reliable existing sources to support the study as the concept of digital sensory branding is still relatively new and, due to the study being focused on the skincare industry, taste stimuli were excluded as they were found to have no relevance. Finally, vii based on all the literature findings and empirical results, recommendations for future areas of study were made. This study provides evidence that both traditional and digital sensory branding strategies have an influence on, or relationship with, brand loyalty. Through this study, the importance of sensory branding, with specific reference to the skincare industry, is brought to light. Furthermore, skincare brands can utilise the information provided to improve the experience of their consumers when shopping in-store, as well as online, thereby increasing their base of brand loyal consumers. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Berman, Gabriella
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Sensory branding , Hides and skins industry , Teleshopping
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60970 , vital:69556
- Description: Modern shoppers are inundated with purchasing options in every product category, with thousands of brands competing for their patronage. It has therefore become increasingly important for organisations to differentiate product offerings in the market if they want to be competitive. It has further been highlighted that an individual’s experience of a brand is of paramount importance, as it is directly linked to brand loyalty. A vehicle for creating memorable brand experiences is the utilisation of multi-sensory experiences or sensory branding. Within the context of traditional or in-store shopping, sensory branding encompasses the use of visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile and gustatory stimuli to adjust consumer purchasing behaviour. However, more and more consumers are opting for online shopping, spurred on by the effects of the global COVID-19 pandemic, and are no less demanding of brands online than they would be in-store. The cosmetics and personal care industry is one of the more predominant gainers from e-commerce. The skincare industry exhibited one of the largest growth rates from 2019 – 2025 and had an estimated market value of $155.8 billion in 2022. When considering the South African skincare industry in isolation, there is no exception, categorised by high average growth rates and many competitive players in the market. This is apparent when considering that the skincare industry within South Africa is expcted to grow annually by 5.48% from 2023 to 2027, translating to an industry value of $788.4 million by 2027 (Statista 2023). With reference to in-store shopping for skincare products, sensory marketing strategies have been known to be heavily relied on. Therefore, with consumers moving towards online shopping, it is essential for skincare businesses to consider how to deliver sensory experiences online as well as in-store. Whilst the importance of the use of sensory branding and marketing in the skincare industry is notable, both in-store and online, it was established that while there is research available on sensory branding, there is very limited academic research on digital sensory branding and the sensory branding of v skincare products. Moreover, to the researcher’s knowledge, no academic literature specifically investigates the digital sensory branding of skincare brands. Therefore, this study will contribute not only by adding academic research to the topic being investigated but also through rreccomendations made based on the outcomes of this study to skincare brands in South Africa. From the comprehensive literature review, a conceptual model was constructed to investigate the relationship between traditional and digital sensory branding strategies (independent variables) and brand loyalty (dependent variable). Two sets of hypotheses were formulated relating to the identified variables of this study and the empirical research conducted was utilised to deduce whether these hypotheses should be rejected or supported. To conduct the empirical research needed for this study, certain research methodology was employed. This study made use of a positivistic paradigm and a quantitative approach. The target population of this study constituted consumers who had purchased skincare products in-store as well as online and, as no true sample frame existed, respondents were selected through the use of non-probability sampling, more specifically, convenience sampling. To collect the data, an online survey was used, with the specific data collection instrument being a web-based self-administered questionnaire, which was distributed via social media platforms, such as Facebook and LinkedIn, as well as via email. Section A of the questionnaire focused on the demographic details of the respondents, while Section B – Section F related to the variables of the study. A total of 372 potential respondents started the questionnaire, however only 321 questionnaires were deemed usable after the data had been coded and cleaned, indicating a response rate of 86.3%. This study made use of both descriptive (measures of central tendency as well as standard deviation and skewness) and inferential (SEM Models, Primary Models, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, Chi-Square test of Association, ANOVAs and Welch Robust test, Tukey test and Games Howell Test as well as Cohen’s d) statistics to interpret the data, which was graphically illustrated. vi The empirical investigation conducted in this study between the variables and sub-variables revealed that significant relationships exist between traditional sensory branding strategies (traditional olfactory and tactile stimuli) and digital sensory branding strategies (digital visual, olfactory and tactile stimuli) and brand loyalty, with refence to the skincare industry. It was further notable that, with specific reference to the skincare industry, the sense of sight, smell and touch are key factors for sensory branding, whereas auditory stimuli were found to only be useful when used in unison with the other senses. Moreover, with reference to in-store shopping, it was deduced that consumers shop for skincare mostly via retail outlets, which could lead to sensory overload. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that younger consumers are price sensitive. Based on the pertinent empirical results, and corresponding literature findings, of this study, recommendations were provided to businesses operating in the skincare industry. With reference to in-store trading, it was recommended that because skincare is mostly sold via retail outlets, the brand itself does not have control over all sensory stimuli to which the consumer is exposed. As a result, consumers may be subject to sensory overload and skincare brands should keep their sensory branding in-store simple. Moreover, skincare brands could make use of an in-store aesthetician or beautician, which would facilitate consumer-product interaction. With regards to online trading, a recommendation for skincare brands would be to use moving images or GIFs, which will allow the consumer to more easily imagine the feel of the product. Moreover, skincare brands can make use of brand ambassadors to create “unboxing” videos, which will convey more clearly the sensory information of the product and instil confidence in consumers. Reccomendations were also made with reference to the financial state of consumers, as the financial position of the respondents could influence their decision making. The limitations of this study comprised the availability of reliable existing sources to support the study as the concept of digital sensory branding is still relatively new and, due to the study being focused on the skincare industry, taste stimuli were excluded as they were found to have no relevance. Finally, vii based on all the literature findings and empirical results, recommendations for future areas of study were made. This study provides evidence that both traditional and digital sensory branding strategies have an influence on, or relationship with, brand loyalty. Through this study, the importance of sensory branding, with specific reference to the skincare industry, is brought to light. Furthermore, skincare brands can utilise the information provided to improve the experience of their consumers when shopping in-store, as well as online, thereby increasing their base of brand loyal consumers. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Determinants of performance in non-profit organisations in KwaZulu Natal: the role of sustainability orientation and dynamic capabilities
- Authors: Mbhele, Thandekile
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Hypothesis Model , non-profit organisations
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61670 , vital:71824
- Description: Determinants of performance in KZN Nonprofit organisations operating in the health sector is explored by this research paper. The focus is on the role played by sustainability orientation and dynamic capabilities on the organisational perfomance. Sustainability orientation and dynamic capabilities have received little empirical attention within the NPO sector. Most, of the research done has focused on for-profit organisations. Local NPOs in the health sector are facing many challenges. These are fueled by the high demand for services and scarcity of resources to deliver on their social mission. This study aims to examine the stated constructs. Furthermore, the study aims to help NPOs build sustainable organisations and adopt strategies that will increase the efficiency and effectiveness in their operations. The study employed a quantitative methodology. An online survey and experiental analysis were conducted on a sample of 156 respondents. All of the participants belong to local NPOs in the health sector in KZN. The hypotheses were tested by applying multiple linear regression. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability of the established variables and constructs. The results of the analysis show a significant and positive relationship between sustainability orientation and organisational performance. The study also found that the ability to sense, seize, and reconfigure mediate the relationship and positively influence the performance. These results provide important insight for local NPOs, policy makers, and current practices concerned about developing sustainable organisations. This implies that there is a chance for local NPOs to grow, attract funders and remain sustainable. In addition the results could help to build a reputable brand in their respective fields. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Mbhele, Thandekile
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Hypothesis Model , non-profit organisations
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61670 , vital:71824
- Description: Determinants of performance in KZN Nonprofit organisations operating in the health sector is explored by this research paper. The focus is on the role played by sustainability orientation and dynamic capabilities on the organisational perfomance. Sustainability orientation and dynamic capabilities have received little empirical attention within the NPO sector. Most, of the research done has focused on for-profit organisations. Local NPOs in the health sector are facing many challenges. These are fueled by the high demand for services and scarcity of resources to deliver on their social mission. This study aims to examine the stated constructs. Furthermore, the study aims to help NPOs build sustainable organisations and adopt strategies that will increase the efficiency and effectiveness in their operations. The study employed a quantitative methodology. An online survey and experiental analysis were conducted on a sample of 156 respondents. All of the participants belong to local NPOs in the health sector in KZN. The hypotheses were tested by applying multiple linear regression. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability of the established variables and constructs. The results of the analysis show a significant and positive relationship between sustainability orientation and organisational performance. The study also found that the ability to sense, seize, and reconfigure mediate the relationship and positively influence the performance. These results provide important insight for local NPOs, policy makers, and current practices concerned about developing sustainable organisations. This implies that there is a chance for local NPOs to grow, attract funders and remain sustainable. In addition the results could help to build a reputable brand in their respective fields. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Distinguishing elephant induced thicket degradation and climate related factors in Addo Elephant National Park, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Mapheto, Tlhologelo James
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Elephant – Behaviour -- South Africa -- Addo Elephant National Park , Wildlife conservation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60753 , vital:66741
- Description: The Addo Elephant National Park (AENP) is an ecologically sensitive environment where the increase in elephant population, especially in a changing climate is a recipe for landscape degradation and biodiversity loss. The Park is situated in the drought prone Eastern Cape Province, however, the effects of drought on thicket vegetation is less understood. This study aimed to distinguish elephant-induced thicket degradation from the effects of climatic factors, using remote sensing, GIS, and statistical techniques. To characterise and map vegetation conditions of the reserve temporal series Landsat imagery (n = 22) from 1998 to 2018 were analysed. Vegetation states were determined using Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from the growing season of the study period. Using supervised per-pixel image classification technique, the NDVI values characterized into distinct land cover classes viz (1) Intact Thicket, (2) Transformed Thicket, (3) Degraded Thicket, (4) Bare Ground and (6) Water Bodies. Post-classification change detection and landscape fragmentation analysis was performed. Climatic data were obtained from existing weather stations and raster surface of accumulated rainfall and mean maximum temperature were developed using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW). Time series analysis was implemented on the NDVI and climatic condition data by plotting annual measures to indicate variable trends. Temporal trend analysis was performed on the NDVI data using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall trend analysis test to indicate thicket vegetation condition improvement and general degradation. The Residual Trend (RESTREND) approach was employed to remove the effect of rainfall on vegetation productivity. This involved using the Ordinary Least Square regression functionality in ArcMap to compute the relationship between ∑NDVI and accumulated rainfall for every pixel for the study period. The products of the regression were assessed using Pearson’s Correlation (r) at a significance level of 90% (p-value ≤ 0.1) to distinguish strong relationships. Overlay analysis was performed, using the NDVI trend slope and the correlation coefficient (r) raster surfaces, to model vegetation dynamics influenced by elephant activities. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Mapheto, Tlhologelo James
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Elephant – Behaviour -- South Africa -- Addo Elephant National Park , Wildlife conservation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60753 , vital:66741
- Description: The Addo Elephant National Park (AENP) is an ecologically sensitive environment where the increase in elephant population, especially in a changing climate is a recipe for landscape degradation and biodiversity loss. The Park is situated in the drought prone Eastern Cape Province, however, the effects of drought on thicket vegetation is less understood. This study aimed to distinguish elephant-induced thicket degradation from the effects of climatic factors, using remote sensing, GIS, and statistical techniques. To characterise and map vegetation conditions of the reserve temporal series Landsat imagery (n = 22) from 1998 to 2018 were analysed. Vegetation states were determined using Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from the growing season of the study period. Using supervised per-pixel image classification technique, the NDVI values characterized into distinct land cover classes viz (1) Intact Thicket, (2) Transformed Thicket, (3) Degraded Thicket, (4) Bare Ground and (6) Water Bodies. Post-classification change detection and landscape fragmentation analysis was performed. Climatic data were obtained from existing weather stations and raster surface of accumulated rainfall and mean maximum temperature were developed using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW). Time series analysis was implemented on the NDVI and climatic condition data by plotting annual measures to indicate variable trends. Temporal trend analysis was performed on the NDVI data using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall trend analysis test to indicate thicket vegetation condition improvement and general degradation. The Residual Trend (RESTREND) approach was employed to remove the effect of rainfall on vegetation productivity. This involved using the Ordinary Least Square regression functionality in ArcMap to compute the relationship between ∑NDVI and accumulated rainfall for every pixel for the study period. The products of the regression were assessed using Pearson’s Correlation (r) at a significance level of 90% (p-value ≤ 0.1) to distinguish strong relationships. Overlay analysis was performed, using the NDVI trend slope and the correlation coefficient (r) raster surfaces, to model vegetation dynamics influenced by elephant activities. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Effect of livestock management and services to ecosystems on rangeland health and resilience in the NamaKaroo
- Authors: Boshoff, Mishak
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Livestock – Management --South Africa—Karoo , Range ecology
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60611 , vital:66017
- Description: Rangelands offer great opportunities for mutualisms between nature conservation and economic productivity if positive feedback loops can be identified and described. The effects of different livestock management practices are controversial. This research examined the effect of different grazing intensities on soil health using springtails (Collembola) and ants (Formicidae) as bioindicators, combined with soil and vegetation variables. The relationship between rangeland managers and rangeland ecosystems, particularly with regard to feedback loops between land care and economic production, was also investigated. Bioindicator samples were collected at different treatments of livestock grazing intensity and a questionnaire was submitted to 65 rangeland managers in the semi-arid Nama-Karoo biome of South Africa. In most cases we found no significant relationship between grazing intensity and Collembola and ant community composition, vegetation variables, and soil variables. The few significant relationships we found were contradictory in their implications for the effect of high intensity grazing on soil health. The results suggested that differences in livestock management are relatively unimportant for soil health, at least in semi-arid systems under conditions immediately following a drought. The questionnaire yielded results on outline of management practices, basis of management decisions, consequences of monitoring veld to inform management decisions, and indicators of successful management. Respondents characterized by higher ecological fluency focused on livestock production when making management decisions, stocked at higher densities, and monitored the rangeland ecosystem to inform their decisions. For monitoring the ecosystem, they used bioindicators such as diversity of biota, successional stage, and ecologically important functional groups. We concluded that the development of ecological knowledge in rangeland managers enables the establishment of feedback loops between ecosystem services and services to ecosystems, which are desirable for economic productivity and nature conservation. Development of relevant ecological knowledge and management techniques should be based on forums and dialogue among rangeland managers, developing distributed cognition and resilience in the community of rangeland managers. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School Natural Resource Science and Management, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Boshoff, Mishak
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Livestock – Management --South Africa—Karoo , Range ecology
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60611 , vital:66017
- Description: Rangelands offer great opportunities for mutualisms between nature conservation and economic productivity if positive feedback loops can be identified and described. The effects of different livestock management practices are controversial. This research examined the effect of different grazing intensities on soil health using springtails (Collembola) and ants (Formicidae) as bioindicators, combined with soil and vegetation variables. The relationship between rangeland managers and rangeland ecosystems, particularly with regard to feedback loops between land care and economic production, was also investigated. Bioindicator samples were collected at different treatments of livestock grazing intensity and a questionnaire was submitted to 65 rangeland managers in the semi-arid Nama-Karoo biome of South Africa. In most cases we found no significant relationship between grazing intensity and Collembola and ant community composition, vegetation variables, and soil variables. The few significant relationships we found were contradictory in their implications for the effect of high intensity grazing on soil health. The results suggested that differences in livestock management are relatively unimportant for soil health, at least in semi-arid systems under conditions immediately following a drought. The questionnaire yielded results on outline of management practices, basis of management decisions, consequences of monitoring veld to inform management decisions, and indicators of successful management. Respondents characterized by higher ecological fluency focused on livestock production when making management decisions, stocked at higher densities, and monitored the rangeland ecosystem to inform their decisions. For monitoring the ecosystem, they used bioindicators such as diversity of biota, successional stage, and ecologically important functional groups. We concluded that the development of ecological knowledge in rangeland managers enables the establishment of feedback loops between ecosystem services and services to ecosystems, which are desirable for economic productivity and nature conservation. Development of relevant ecological knowledge and management techniques should be based on forums and dialogue among rangeland managers, developing distributed cognition and resilience in the community of rangeland managers. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School Natural Resource Science and Management, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Efficacy of recapitalisation and development programme: A comparative study of the citrus farms in Amathole district
- Authors: Ndema, Thenjiwe
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Land reform , Development policy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62227 , vital:72019
- Description: The majority of the land reform beneficiaries have remained poor, with some being worse off than before. Despite the various government initiatives to address issues of food insecurity and poverty alleviation, there has been slow progress in terms of producing enough food to ensure local and national food security. In South Africa, the Recapitalisation and Development Programme (RECAP) was initiated to alleviate the challenges faced by land redistribution and restitution recipient farmers such as inadequate post-settlement support to increase farms production output in order for them to become successful commercial farms. Several farmers have benefitted from this programme and the have been able to increase production output while others are still struggling, or worse showing zero output. These mixed outcomes call into question the efficacy of RECAP and the need to understand why some farmers are successful while others are not. This study adopted a qualitative comparative case study approach of six RECAP beneficiary citrus farms located in the Amathole District of the Eastern Cape as well as their respective strategic partner and mentors. The findings of the study were analysed with the employ of reflexive thematic analysis. The study found that RECAP recipient citrus producers in Amathole have experienced varying degrees of success with access to finance being the key obstacle to success. Significantly, the study found that the challenges around finance do not relate primarily to the purchase of inputs to production, as was the previous understanding, but rather relate to the securing of title deeds and having a history of receiving finance which combined allow farmers to access additional finance when needed. The findings of this study have practical implications for policymakers as land reform and food security remain key Development challenges in South Africa that have been exacerbated by climate change. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Ndema, Thenjiwe
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Land reform , Development policy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62227 , vital:72019
- Description: The majority of the land reform beneficiaries have remained poor, with some being worse off than before. Despite the various government initiatives to address issues of food insecurity and poverty alleviation, there has been slow progress in terms of producing enough food to ensure local and national food security. In South Africa, the Recapitalisation and Development Programme (RECAP) was initiated to alleviate the challenges faced by land redistribution and restitution recipient farmers such as inadequate post-settlement support to increase farms production output in order for them to become successful commercial farms. Several farmers have benefitted from this programme and the have been able to increase production output while others are still struggling, or worse showing zero output. These mixed outcomes call into question the efficacy of RECAP and the need to understand why some farmers are successful while others are not. This study adopted a qualitative comparative case study approach of six RECAP beneficiary citrus farms located in the Amathole District of the Eastern Cape as well as their respective strategic partner and mentors. The findings of the study were analysed with the employ of reflexive thematic analysis. The study found that RECAP recipient citrus producers in Amathole have experienced varying degrees of success with access to finance being the key obstacle to success. Significantly, the study found that the challenges around finance do not relate primarily to the purchase of inputs to production, as was the previous understanding, but rather relate to the securing of title deeds and having a history of receiving finance which combined allow farmers to access additional finance when needed. The findings of this study have practical implications for policymakers as land reform and food security remain key Development challenges in South Africa that have been exacerbated by climate change. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Enhancing employee engagement and wellbeing whilst implementing remote working throughout the COVID-19 pandemic
- Authors: Pienaar, Johan Edward
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Remote working , Employees
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62344 , vital:72386
- Description: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the way in which companies conduct their operations. Companies that were characterised by centralised brick and mortar offices had to quickly adapt to a remote work setting to ensure the continuation of operations. This has created difficulties in ensuring that operations continue as per normal without impacting productivity and profitability. Employees are key to organisations in ensuring that a competitive advantage is maintained and achieved. Competitors will be able to copy products, service and processes but they will find it difficult in duplicating the manner in which their employees conduct their daily work activities. Employee engagement and well-being were key for successful organisations pre-COVID-19 in differentiating themselves from competitors. The aim of this study is to assist companies in identifying the drivers of employee engagement and their impact on well-being whilst implementing a remote work setting. The study will more specifically investigate a proposed theoretical model towards increasing employee engagement and well-being. The model proposed that employee engagement and well-being will be impacted by conciliation, cultivation, confidence, compensation and communication. The empirical component of the study was conducted by administering an electronic survey to 110 employees. The survey was administered to a private company that has a national footprint in South Africa. The main findings of this study confirmed that the factors proposed in the model will have a significant impact on employee engagement and that employee engagement will impact well-being. The study found additional variables such as communication personal, communication infrastructure, employer care and intrusion of work into private life that will impact employee engagement. Furthermore, it was found that all the drivers will influence employee well-being. The findings found that employee engagement and well-being will be interdependent on each other. The study concluded by proposing a new model towards increasing employee engagement and well-being in a remote work setting. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Pienaar, Johan Edward
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Remote working , Employees
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62344 , vital:72386
- Description: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the way in which companies conduct their operations. Companies that were characterised by centralised brick and mortar offices had to quickly adapt to a remote work setting to ensure the continuation of operations. This has created difficulties in ensuring that operations continue as per normal without impacting productivity and profitability. Employees are key to organisations in ensuring that a competitive advantage is maintained and achieved. Competitors will be able to copy products, service and processes but they will find it difficult in duplicating the manner in which their employees conduct their daily work activities. Employee engagement and well-being were key for successful organisations pre-COVID-19 in differentiating themselves from competitors. The aim of this study is to assist companies in identifying the drivers of employee engagement and their impact on well-being whilst implementing a remote work setting. The study will more specifically investigate a proposed theoretical model towards increasing employee engagement and well-being. The model proposed that employee engagement and well-being will be impacted by conciliation, cultivation, confidence, compensation and communication. The empirical component of the study was conducted by administering an electronic survey to 110 employees. The survey was administered to a private company that has a national footprint in South Africa. The main findings of this study confirmed that the factors proposed in the model will have a significant impact on employee engagement and that employee engagement will impact well-being. The study found additional variables such as communication personal, communication infrastructure, employer care and intrusion of work into private life that will impact employee engagement. Furthermore, it was found that all the drivers will influence employee well-being. The findings found that employee engagement and well-being will be interdependent on each other. The study concluded by proposing a new model towards increasing employee engagement and well-being in a remote work setting. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Evaluating provisioning and cultural ecosystem services in two contracting estuaries in Gqeberha, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Booi Siphesihle
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: estuaries -- Gqeberha , ecosystem services , Economic value added
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60982 , vital:69585
- Description: Estuaries are notable for their biodiversity, productive and invertible fisheries, and significant capacities. This study assesses the economic value of the Swartkops and Sundays estuaries in Algoa Bay, Gqeberha, to estuary users and local communities1 . The data was collected from December 2021 to April 2022, during the summer and autumn seasons. The seasons are considered peak times; however, international travel was restricted during Covid-19 level one lockdown. The study employs both the Travel Cost method and the Choice experiment method. Based on the findings, anglers and bait collectors in Swartkops Estuary sell their catches for an average of R77.41. The majority of these anglers and bait collectors earn between R0 and R1 583 per month and rely on catch and bait for a living, with the majority of participants benefiting from provisioning ecosystem service. Sundays estuary users, on the other hand, primarily use the estuary for recreational purposes. Anglers visiting Swartkops and Sundays estuaries spend R4 709 128 and R2 203 158 annually on food and beverages, fuel/transport costs, bait. This contributes R7 534 572.67 and R3 525 052.18 to the local economy in Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality based on the multiplier. The study emphasizes the importance of estuary management and monitoring to preserve and protect them for future generations. The primary issue is to extract resources from the Swartkops and Sundays estuaries in a sustainable manner while also protecting them. Estuaries can help grow the economy if managed well and used in a sustainable way. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Booi Siphesihle
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: estuaries -- Gqeberha , ecosystem services , Economic value added
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60982 , vital:69585
- Description: Estuaries are notable for their biodiversity, productive and invertible fisheries, and significant capacities. This study assesses the economic value of the Swartkops and Sundays estuaries in Algoa Bay, Gqeberha, to estuary users and local communities1 . The data was collected from December 2021 to April 2022, during the summer and autumn seasons. The seasons are considered peak times; however, international travel was restricted during Covid-19 level one lockdown. The study employs both the Travel Cost method and the Choice experiment method. Based on the findings, anglers and bait collectors in Swartkops Estuary sell their catches for an average of R77.41. The majority of these anglers and bait collectors earn between R0 and R1 583 per month and rely on catch and bait for a living, with the majority of participants benefiting from provisioning ecosystem service. Sundays estuary users, on the other hand, primarily use the estuary for recreational purposes. Anglers visiting Swartkops and Sundays estuaries spend R4 709 128 and R2 203 158 annually on food and beverages, fuel/transport costs, bait. This contributes R7 534 572.67 and R3 525 052.18 to the local economy in Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality based on the multiplier. The study emphasizes the importance of estuary management and monitoring to preserve and protect them for future generations. The primary issue is to extract resources from the Swartkops and Sundays estuaries in a sustainable manner while also protecting them. Estuaries can help grow the economy if managed well and used in a sustainable way. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Evaluation of the toxicity of secondary metabolites in Solanum incanum L. to advance community knowledge
- Authors: Zivanayi, William
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Solanum -- Zimbabwe , Pesticides -- Toxicology , Medicinal plants
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61018 , vital:69686
- Description: The effects of pests and the need to produce adequate food have influenced small-scale farmers in disadvantaged communities to adopt and utilise natural plant pesticides to improve harvests in many Southern African Development Communities. However, the phytochemistry associated with these indigenous plants’ pesticide activity still needs to be explored. The lack of evidence of scientific knowledge of the plant species has caused a lot of health issues among the users of indigenous plant pesticides. Solanum incanum is among the plants utilised to control cabbage aphids in Mkoba village, Zimbabwe. Solanum species are known for their steroidal compounds which comprise glycoalkaloids and saponins. This study evaluated the knowledge, opinions, and attitudes of the vegetable peasant farming community in Gweru regarding their use of the indigenous plant (S. incanum) as a pesticide. The study also reported the phytochemical profiling, structural characterisation of the isolated compounds, and biological and pesticidal activity evaluation of phytochemicals isolated from S. incanum. A descriptive survey was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of a conveniently sampled group of vegetable farmers in Mkoba village who use S. incanum as a pesticide. Forty-nine respondents comprised of 19 males and 30 females of ages ranging from 15 to above 60 years took part in the study by answering an open and closed-ended questionnaire. The survey revealed that parents and neighbours were instrumental in disseminating pesticidal information in the community. Brassica napus were the most grown.vegetable and vulnerable to cabbage aphids. Mixed opinions amongst the respondents varied regarding the health and environmental impact of S. incanum as a pesticide. Seventy-five percent (75%) of the respondents supported the use of S. incanum as a pesticide whilst 25% claimed that the use of S. incanum was the source of the health problems experienced in the community. The survey demonstrated that (45)91% of the farmers displayed poor practices regarding the disposal of empty pesticide containers and the use of personal protective clothing. The most prevalent symptoms in the community were skin rash, nausea, headache, and poor vision and these symptoms were common in the age group 30 to 60 years. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Zivanayi, William
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Solanum -- Zimbabwe , Pesticides -- Toxicology , Medicinal plants
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61018 , vital:69686
- Description: The effects of pests and the need to produce adequate food have influenced small-scale farmers in disadvantaged communities to adopt and utilise natural plant pesticides to improve harvests in many Southern African Development Communities. However, the phytochemistry associated with these indigenous plants’ pesticide activity still needs to be explored. The lack of evidence of scientific knowledge of the plant species has caused a lot of health issues among the users of indigenous plant pesticides. Solanum incanum is among the plants utilised to control cabbage aphids in Mkoba village, Zimbabwe. Solanum species are known for their steroidal compounds which comprise glycoalkaloids and saponins. This study evaluated the knowledge, opinions, and attitudes of the vegetable peasant farming community in Gweru regarding their use of the indigenous plant (S. incanum) as a pesticide. The study also reported the phytochemical profiling, structural characterisation of the isolated compounds, and biological and pesticidal activity evaluation of phytochemicals isolated from S. incanum. A descriptive survey was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of a conveniently sampled group of vegetable farmers in Mkoba village who use S. incanum as a pesticide. Forty-nine respondents comprised of 19 males and 30 females of ages ranging from 15 to above 60 years took part in the study by answering an open and closed-ended questionnaire. The survey revealed that parents and neighbours were instrumental in disseminating pesticidal information in the community. Brassica napus were the most grown.vegetable and vulnerable to cabbage aphids. Mixed opinions amongst the respondents varied regarding the health and environmental impact of S. incanum as a pesticide. Seventy-five percent (75%) of the respondents supported the use of S. incanum as a pesticide whilst 25% claimed that the use of S. incanum was the source of the health problems experienced in the community. The survey demonstrated that (45)91% of the farmers displayed poor practices regarding the disposal of empty pesticide containers and the use of personal protective clothing. The most prevalent symptoms in the community were skin rash, nausea, headache, and poor vision and these symptoms were common in the age group 30 to 60 years. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Experiences of youths participating in combination social protection and HIV prevention programme in resource constrained settings of Gauteng Province in South Africa: a collective case study design
- Authors: Zibengwa, Enock
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: HIV infections -- Prevention , HIV (Viruses) , HIV infections -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27347 , vital:66944
- Description: South Africa continues to experience unacceptably high Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV incidence rates among youths aged 15 to 24 years. Remarkably, this is despite the numerous youth HIV prevention programmes that have been implemented in the country. Unfortunately, the programmes have not significantly curbed the spread of HIV due to the partial and fragmented nature of their implementation. The programmes are also observed to be weak in addressing complex economic factors recognised as important structural drivers for vulnerabilities that put youths at risk of HIV infection. To address this challenge, there is increased adoption and implementation of the Combination Social Protection introduced in this research as the CSP by Non-Governmental Organisations NGOs. The CSP is a youth empowerment programming strategy whose critical foundations are entrenched in combining economic strengthening interventions and HIV prevention education. CSP could provide youths with a set of indispensable life skills that enhance their competencies and agency to make informed and effective decisions regarding their health and economic lives. Despite its growing traction, little is known regarding links between the CSP and its abilities to improve HIV prevention outcomes for youths. Given the paucity of research, this study aimed to explore the experiences of youths participating in the CSP and HIV prevention programme, with a particular focus on the resource-constrained settings of Gauteng Province in South Africa. This study employed a collective case study design, within the qualitative approach, and was exploratory. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 30 youths from six established NGOs in the City of Johannesburg (CoJ). Qualitative thematic analysis was employed as a data analysis strategy. Focus groups were separately with six practitioners from the same six NGOs, and five officials from the Department of Social Development (DSD). Both phases of data collection were guided by interview themes, which were aligned with the objectives of the study. The findings of the study point to the fact that the CSP’s innovative and holistic approach offered numerous transformative and empowering benefits to youths. It equipped them with basic informational resources, capabilities, and social assets to safeguard their health and aid their economic advancement. The programme’s mixedgender sessions provided space, freedom, and support for youths to engage on issues of gender, differential access to health and socio-economic opportunities. Another major finding of the study was that improvement of economic aptitude (brought about by financial literacy education), employability, and entrepreneurship training stirred a sense of agency and purposefulness among youths, which in turn, prompted them to be more focused on achieving long-term objectives instead of indulging in risky sexual practices. Conversely, findings revealed that the programme had limited opportunities and did not create an adequate supportive environment for youths to develop successful entrepreneurial or income-generating projects. There was also no structure to assist youths to access apprenticeship and employment markets. The study specifically recognised that the programme’s efforts to develop youths’ entrepreneurship and employability capabilities were curtailed by a lack of mentorshipnand access to financial capital for start-up costs. With these findings in mind, recommendations are made for the creation of an enabling environment by purposefully engaging youths, establishing collaborative relations with communities, and building networks with businesses and financial institutions that can help youths with capital, mentorship, and linkages to internship and wage employment. Such collaborations could be fundamental in unravelling the impact of the programme on building livelihoods and reducing HIV among youths. Hence, this study proposes a model with strategies to support the successful implementation of economic strengthening interventions for youths. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Zibengwa, Enock
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: HIV infections -- Prevention , HIV (Viruses) , HIV infections -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27347 , vital:66944
- Description: South Africa continues to experience unacceptably high Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV incidence rates among youths aged 15 to 24 years. Remarkably, this is despite the numerous youth HIV prevention programmes that have been implemented in the country. Unfortunately, the programmes have not significantly curbed the spread of HIV due to the partial and fragmented nature of their implementation. The programmes are also observed to be weak in addressing complex economic factors recognised as important structural drivers for vulnerabilities that put youths at risk of HIV infection. To address this challenge, there is increased adoption and implementation of the Combination Social Protection introduced in this research as the CSP by Non-Governmental Organisations NGOs. The CSP is a youth empowerment programming strategy whose critical foundations are entrenched in combining economic strengthening interventions and HIV prevention education. CSP could provide youths with a set of indispensable life skills that enhance their competencies and agency to make informed and effective decisions regarding their health and economic lives. Despite its growing traction, little is known regarding links between the CSP and its abilities to improve HIV prevention outcomes for youths. Given the paucity of research, this study aimed to explore the experiences of youths participating in the CSP and HIV prevention programme, with a particular focus on the resource-constrained settings of Gauteng Province in South Africa. This study employed a collective case study design, within the qualitative approach, and was exploratory. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 30 youths from six established NGOs in the City of Johannesburg (CoJ). Qualitative thematic analysis was employed as a data analysis strategy. Focus groups were separately with six practitioners from the same six NGOs, and five officials from the Department of Social Development (DSD). Both phases of data collection were guided by interview themes, which were aligned with the objectives of the study. The findings of the study point to the fact that the CSP’s innovative and holistic approach offered numerous transformative and empowering benefits to youths. It equipped them with basic informational resources, capabilities, and social assets to safeguard their health and aid their economic advancement. The programme’s mixedgender sessions provided space, freedom, and support for youths to engage on issues of gender, differential access to health and socio-economic opportunities. Another major finding of the study was that improvement of economic aptitude (brought about by financial literacy education), employability, and entrepreneurship training stirred a sense of agency and purposefulness among youths, which in turn, prompted them to be more focused on achieving long-term objectives instead of indulging in risky sexual practices. Conversely, findings revealed that the programme had limited opportunities and did not create an adequate supportive environment for youths to develop successful entrepreneurial or income-generating projects. There was also no structure to assist youths to access apprenticeship and employment markets. The study specifically recognised that the programme’s efforts to develop youths’ entrepreneurship and employability capabilities were curtailed by a lack of mentorshipnand access to financial capital for start-up costs. With these findings in mind, recommendations are made for the creation of an enabling environment by purposefully engaging youths, establishing collaborative relations with communities, and building networks with businesses and financial institutions that can help youths with capital, mentorship, and linkages to internship and wage employment. Such collaborations could be fundamental in unravelling the impact of the programme on building livelihoods and reducing HIV among youths. Hence, this study proposes a model with strategies to support the successful implementation of economic strengthening interventions for youths. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Exploring African vs Western values: A Case Study of Managing Conflict of Interest in the Public Sector
- Authors: Nkohla, Tumelo Luvuyo
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Public works , Conflict of interest
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62275 , vital:72369
- Description: This study explored African versus (vs) Western values on managing conflict of interest in the Eastern Cape Department of Public Works and Infrastructure (ECPDWI). This research was evoked by the ethical challenges of gift giving, procurement and recruitment processes, which give rise to conflicts of interest. These challenges are caused by difficulties in applying public sector policy instruments to manage such conflicts of interest. These policies were developed on foundations of Western values, whereas most public servants subscribe to an African value system, hence there is conflict. This study explored the implications of these values in the management of conflicts of interest. The study was conducted using qualitative research and purposive sampling was used. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and a 60% participation rate was attained. This research enhances policy instruments to manage conflicts of interest within ECDPWI. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse, interpret and report on the data. Findings were reported under thematic headings of gift giving and receiving, conflicts of interest in procurement and recruitment, including relevance of the code of conduct and policies. The study found dichotomous views on gift giving from African and Western values perspectives. African perspectives believe that conflict of interest policies do not reflect the values of Ubuntu, which drives Africans’ human behaviour. The study observed that the mechanisms of managing conflicts of interest in procurement and recruitment are inadequate and ineffective from both an African and Western perspective. The study established that a code of conduct was irrelevant in managing conflicts of interest from African perspectives. Recommendations included amongst others, a review of the gift policy to consider observations identified on African gift giving, structured awareness programmes, strengthened accountability on managing conflicts of interest within procurement and recruitment respectively. Additionally, the development of a framework to manage conflict of interest within ECDPWI taking into consideration both African and Western values perspectives, was recommended. This study enhances scholarly debate on exploring African ethics within a business context, by suggesting a synthesis of African and Western values towards managing conflicts of interest in the South African public sector. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Nkohla, Tumelo Luvuyo
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Public works , Conflict of interest
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62275 , vital:72369
- Description: This study explored African versus (vs) Western values on managing conflict of interest in the Eastern Cape Department of Public Works and Infrastructure (ECPDWI). This research was evoked by the ethical challenges of gift giving, procurement and recruitment processes, which give rise to conflicts of interest. These challenges are caused by difficulties in applying public sector policy instruments to manage such conflicts of interest. These policies were developed on foundations of Western values, whereas most public servants subscribe to an African value system, hence there is conflict. This study explored the implications of these values in the management of conflicts of interest. The study was conducted using qualitative research and purposive sampling was used. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and a 60% participation rate was attained. This research enhances policy instruments to manage conflicts of interest within ECDPWI. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse, interpret and report on the data. Findings were reported under thematic headings of gift giving and receiving, conflicts of interest in procurement and recruitment, including relevance of the code of conduct and policies. The study found dichotomous views on gift giving from African and Western values perspectives. African perspectives believe that conflict of interest policies do not reflect the values of Ubuntu, which drives Africans’ human behaviour. The study observed that the mechanisms of managing conflicts of interest in procurement and recruitment are inadequate and ineffective from both an African and Western perspective. The study established that a code of conduct was irrelevant in managing conflicts of interest from African perspectives. Recommendations included amongst others, a review of the gift policy to consider observations identified on African gift giving, structured awareness programmes, strengthened accountability on managing conflicts of interest within procurement and recruitment respectively. Additionally, the development of a framework to manage conflict of interest within ECDPWI taking into consideration both African and Western values perspectives, was recommended. This study enhances scholarly debate on exploring African ethics within a business context, by suggesting a synthesis of African and Western values towards managing conflicts of interest in the South African public sector. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Exploring strategies that enhance a safety culture in mitigating the number of safety incidents at Eskom.
- Authors: Ngeva, Unathi Felix
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: safety culture , Electrical injuries , Safety incidents
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62260 , vital:72368
- Description: Ever since its emergence during the 1980’s, safety culture has become a topical subject in high-risk industries such as electricity generation, construction, mining, and many others. Eskom in particular has paid a considerable amount of attention on the issue of safety in general. Although the company has made safety one of its focal points through its SHEQ Policy and various interventions in an endeavour to promote safety culture in the organisation, its safety statistics are showing that safety incidents are continuing to happen. To commence the inquiry, a literature review was conducted on secondary sources which highlighted various causes of employee injury-related incidents at Eskom which range from fall on same level, motor vehicle accidents, struck by, and others. In an endeavour to assist the company to enhance a safety culture so that it can achieve its value of ‘Zero Harm’, this study focuses on different modalities that can be developed to improve the status quo. It examines ways that can be followed towards improving the safety relationship between management and employees which in turn will result in an improved overall safety culture of the organisation. In so doing, managements’ perceptions regarding the safety culture that is currently in place as well as the employee’s attitudes towards safety standards were used to gain insights into the organisation’s safety climate on safety behaviour while examining the existing safety culture. To realise the empirical objectives of the study, a pragmatic research paradigm was adopted. This approach involved the use of both a qualitative research method, namely, a focus group, and a quantitative research method, namely, a questionnaire. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 26. Meanwhile, data collected during interviews was analysed using a thematic analysis. Key findings from this study point mainly to the level of mistrust between employees and the safety leadership, which, if left unattended will have a knock-on-effect not only to the safety culture but to the entire organisational culture. Based on the meaningful results uncovered by this study, various recommendations that are aimed at enhancing a safety culture in the organisation were made. Among these recommendations, it was suggested that coaching and mentorship programmes be introduced and allow employees to champion some of the safety programmes to enhance morale and safety accountability. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Ngeva, Unathi Felix
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: safety culture , Electrical injuries , Safety incidents
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62260 , vital:72368
- Description: Ever since its emergence during the 1980’s, safety culture has become a topical subject in high-risk industries such as electricity generation, construction, mining, and many others. Eskom in particular has paid a considerable amount of attention on the issue of safety in general. Although the company has made safety one of its focal points through its SHEQ Policy and various interventions in an endeavour to promote safety culture in the organisation, its safety statistics are showing that safety incidents are continuing to happen. To commence the inquiry, a literature review was conducted on secondary sources which highlighted various causes of employee injury-related incidents at Eskom which range from fall on same level, motor vehicle accidents, struck by, and others. In an endeavour to assist the company to enhance a safety culture so that it can achieve its value of ‘Zero Harm’, this study focuses on different modalities that can be developed to improve the status quo. It examines ways that can be followed towards improving the safety relationship between management and employees which in turn will result in an improved overall safety culture of the organisation. In so doing, managements’ perceptions regarding the safety culture that is currently in place as well as the employee’s attitudes towards safety standards were used to gain insights into the organisation’s safety climate on safety behaviour while examining the existing safety culture. To realise the empirical objectives of the study, a pragmatic research paradigm was adopted. This approach involved the use of both a qualitative research method, namely, a focus group, and a quantitative research method, namely, a questionnaire. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 26. Meanwhile, data collected during interviews was analysed using a thematic analysis. Key findings from this study point mainly to the level of mistrust between employees and the safety leadership, which, if left unattended will have a knock-on-effect not only to the safety culture but to the entire organisational culture. Based on the meaningful results uncovered by this study, various recommendations that are aimed at enhancing a safety culture in the organisation were made. Among these recommendations, it was suggested that coaching and mentorship programmes be introduced and allow employees to champion some of the safety programmes to enhance morale and safety accountability. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Factors affecting pinniped skull morphology
- Authors: Penaluna, Julia Elizabeth
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: hybridisation -- South Africa , Sexual dimorphism (Animals) , Craniology
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61306 , vital:70077
- Description: Morphologies have evolved due to trade-offs between competing selective pressures. This is especially true for the skull. Not only does it contain the brain and the organs that are responsible for sensory function, but it is also contains components that play important roles in feeding, breathing, balance, defence, aggression and communication. The pinnipeds, a group of species that has evolved from terrestrial origins and became adapted to the marine environment, are under numerous selective pressures within the marine environment. These species have had to evolve in order to capture and process food underwater, and to dive. In addition, they are also characterised by substantial sexual size dimorphism in some species. Pinnipeds also make use of numerous marine and haul-out habitats with varying characteristics and complexity. Hybridisation has been recorded among pinnipeds, resulting in the production of hybrid offspring with characteristics that are different to their parent species. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of these life history characteristics on skull and mandible morphology of pinniped species using three dimensional geometric morphometrics. To achieve this, 43 skull and 15 mandible 3D landmarks were collected using a Microscribe G2X digitizer with 0.2mm accuracy, on the skull and mandibles of 17 species of pinnipeds across three families, and one hybrid species. In total, 96 specimens across these species were examined. Data on the different life history characteristics of each species were collected from the literature. These data were plotted onto the PCA results in order to create and visually compare minimum convex polygons for each life history category. The results found that phylogeny, feeding strategy and sexual dimorphism were the most important factors in explaining differences in pinniped skull and mandible shape and size. may have resulted in these changes. Similarly, the inclusion of more species, covering a broader range of life histories may be beneficial. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Penaluna, Julia Elizabeth
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: hybridisation -- South Africa , Sexual dimorphism (Animals) , Craniology
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61306 , vital:70077
- Description: Morphologies have evolved due to trade-offs between competing selective pressures. This is especially true for the skull. Not only does it contain the brain and the organs that are responsible for sensory function, but it is also contains components that play important roles in feeding, breathing, balance, defence, aggression and communication. The pinnipeds, a group of species that has evolved from terrestrial origins and became adapted to the marine environment, are under numerous selective pressures within the marine environment. These species have had to evolve in order to capture and process food underwater, and to dive. In addition, they are also characterised by substantial sexual size dimorphism in some species. Pinnipeds also make use of numerous marine and haul-out habitats with varying characteristics and complexity. Hybridisation has been recorded among pinnipeds, resulting in the production of hybrid offspring with characteristics that are different to their parent species. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of these life history characteristics on skull and mandible morphology of pinniped species using three dimensional geometric morphometrics. To achieve this, 43 skull and 15 mandible 3D landmarks were collected using a Microscribe G2X digitizer with 0.2mm accuracy, on the skull and mandibles of 17 species of pinnipeds across three families, and one hybrid species. In total, 96 specimens across these species were examined. Data on the different life history characteristics of each species were collected from the literature. These data were plotted onto the PCA results in order to create and visually compare minimum convex polygons for each life history category. The results found that phylogeny, feeding strategy and sexual dimorphism were the most important factors in explaining differences in pinniped skull and mandible shape and size. may have resulted in these changes. Similarly, the inclusion of more species, covering a broader range of life histories may be beneficial. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Factors influencing consumers’ adoption of chatbot assisted marketing activities in the South African banking industry
- Authors: Rusike, Christabel
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Banks and banking -- South Africa , Consumer movements
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62380 , vital:72643
- Description: In a world where technology is evolving at an alarming rate there have been so many advancements and developments in the marketing field and how consumers engage in accessing products and services. In general, a great body of literature on information technology shows evidence that areas such as mobile banking and organisational technology adoption have been explored. However, limited attention has been dedicated to consumer adoption or acceptance stages of technology, particularly chatbots in the South African context. Apart from that, during the peak of the Covid 19 pandemic, consumers had to adjust to mainly doing transactions online as there was a restriction in accessing banking halls. Given this backdrop, the aim of this study is to address this particular research gap through investigating factors influencing consumers’ adoption of chatbot assisted marketing activities in the South African banking industry. The research was inspired and constructed upon three research theories, namely Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), The Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DoIT) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). Based on these theories, a hypothesised model was formulated with eight independent variables, namely Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Facilitating Conditions, Price Value, Hedonic Motivation, Social Influence, Perceived Compatibility and Relative Advantage. The dependent variable was put forward as Chatbot Adoption. Descriptive and explanatory research designs were selected for this study, utilising a quantitative research methodology. In addressing the objectives of the study, secondary data was collected through the internet, magazines, newspapers, articles, journals and books to aid in completing the literature chapters and construction of the measuring instrument. Primary data was also collected through a self-administered questionnaire which was created on QuestionPro and the link was distributed to the respondents. The population under study were consumers of the banking industry products and services in South Africa. The target respondents consisted of consumers who hold valid bank account and have used or experienced online activities within the banking sector. A non-probability vii sampling method through convenience and snowball sampling was adopted to recruit the respondents. Data were obtained from 151 usable survey questionnaires. The data collected from the respondents was coded and captured on a Microsoft excel spreadsheet which was then followed by analysing of data using IBM SPSS version 16. From the analysed results, all the suggested independent variables were retained as the respondents confirm in varying degrees the influence on behaviour that the factors have. The study found that the eight independent factors have practical and statistically significant correlation with consumer adoption of chatbot assisted marketing activities within the South African banking industry. In addition, the inferential ranking of the factors indicates that Relative Advantage, Perceived Usefulness and Price Value fall under one group of significant factors perceived by consumers in their decision to adopt chatbot assisted marketing activities. It can therefore be concluded that it is useful for the banking industry to implement the identified factors and recommendations offered to enhance the use of chatbots in consumers’ online banking activities as the responses obtained are in general favourable. The study thus contributes theoretically and practically to the body of knowledge particularly digital marketing through chatbots in the banking sector. Therefore, the findings can be useful for financial marketing, digital banking and the suggested model can help the marketing and artificial intelligence departments in the banking industry in the decision-making process. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Rusike, Christabel
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Banks and banking -- South Africa , Consumer movements
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62380 , vital:72643
- Description: In a world where technology is evolving at an alarming rate there have been so many advancements and developments in the marketing field and how consumers engage in accessing products and services. In general, a great body of literature on information technology shows evidence that areas such as mobile banking and organisational technology adoption have been explored. However, limited attention has been dedicated to consumer adoption or acceptance stages of technology, particularly chatbots in the South African context. Apart from that, during the peak of the Covid 19 pandemic, consumers had to adjust to mainly doing transactions online as there was a restriction in accessing banking halls. Given this backdrop, the aim of this study is to address this particular research gap through investigating factors influencing consumers’ adoption of chatbot assisted marketing activities in the South African banking industry. The research was inspired and constructed upon three research theories, namely Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), The Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DoIT) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). Based on these theories, a hypothesised model was formulated with eight independent variables, namely Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Facilitating Conditions, Price Value, Hedonic Motivation, Social Influence, Perceived Compatibility and Relative Advantage. The dependent variable was put forward as Chatbot Adoption. Descriptive and explanatory research designs were selected for this study, utilising a quantitative research methodology. In addressing the objectives of the study, secondary data was collected through the internet, magazines, newspapers, articles, journals and books to aid in completing the literature chapters and construction of the measuring instrument. Primary data was also collected through a self-administered questionnaire which was created on QuestionPro and the link was distributed to the respondents. The population under study were consumers of the banking industry products and services in South Africa. The target respondents consisted of consumers who hold valid bank account and have used or experienced online activities within the banking sector. A non-probability vii sampling method through convenience and snowball sampling was adopted to recruit the respondents. Data were obtained from 151 usable survey questionnaires. The data collected from the respondents was coded and captured on a Microsoft excel spreadsheet which was then followed by analysing of data using IBM SPSS version 16. From the analysed results, all the suggested independent variables were retained as the respondents confirm in varying degrees the influence on behaviour that the factors have. The study found that the eight independent factors have practical and statistically significant correlation with consumer adoption of chatbot assisted marketing activities within the South African banking industry. In addition, the inferential ranking of the factors indicates that Relative Advantage, Perceived Usefulness and Price Value fall under one group of significant factors perceived by consumers in their decision to adopt chatbot assisted marketing activities. It can therefore be concluded that it is useful for the banking industry to implement the identified factors and recommendations offered to enhance the use of chatbots in consumers’ online banking activities as the responses obtained are in general favourable. The study thus contributes theoretically and practically to the body of knowledge particularly digital marketing through chatbots in the banking sector. Therefore, the findings can be useful for financial marketing, digital banking and the suggested model can help the marketing and artificial intelligence departments in the banking industry in the decision-making process. , Thesis (Ma) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Factors that contribute to an optimal omnichannel retail experience: A South African perspective
- Authors: Hopa, Tandazile
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Business planning , Consumer satisfaction
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61339 , vital:70374
- Description: The increase in the number of channels driven by technology trajectory over the years have led to a change in customer behaviour. Customers move around different retailer platforms during a single purchase; even so customers still expect a superior and seamless customer experience while navigating these channels. The present study built on studies conducted in countries such as China, Spain, India, United Kingdom amongst others to determine if the learnings from these countries can be applied in the South African context. This study used an interpretivist phenomenological approach and interviewed a qualitative sample of participants to gain insights on their experiences while shopping in these retailers. This study will assist Information Technology managers with prioritisation of their technology roadmaps. This study will also contribute to computer science studies because programmers will have a context of a customer’s perspective when developing omnichannel solutions. Lastly, the study can be used by governments and policy makers in developing national strategic plans relating to shared economy because the study highlights the need to omnichannel retailing in remote areas. The findings from the research were summarised into five themes customer experience, convenience, product, support, and security. The optimal South African omnichannel retail experience is one that allows the customer to seamlessly move across channels by integrating the retailing mix elements of product, place, promotion, price. To achieve this experience, retailers must integrate the customer’s profile information and ensure that the customer’s payment details are secure and are able to seamlessly login in all the retailer platforms. Contrary to the researcher’s expectations, South African customers do not expect an omnichannel support. They expect to keep online support separate from in-store support. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Hopa, Tandazile
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Business planning , Consumer satisfaction
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61339 , vital:70374
- Description: The increase in the number of channels driven by technology trajectory over the years have led to a change in customer behaviour. Customers move around different retailer platforms during a single purchase; even so customers still expect a superior and seamless customer experience while navigating these channels. The present study built on studies conducted in countries such as China, Spain, India, United Kingdom amongst others to determine if the learnings from these countries can be applied in the South African context. This study used an interpretivist phenomenological approach and interviewed a qualitative sample of participants to gain insights on their experiences while shopping in these retailers. This study will assist Information Technology managers with prioritisation of their technology roadmaps. This study will also contribute to computer science studies because programmers will have a context of a customer’s perspective when developing omnichannel solutions. Lastly, the study can be used by governments and policy makers in developing national strategic plans relating to shared economy because the study highlights the need to omnichannel retailing in remote areas. The findings from the research were summarised into five themes customer experience, convenience, product, support, and security. The optimal South African omnichannel retail experience is one that allows the customer to seamlessly move across channels by integrating the retailing mix elements of product, place, promotion, price. To achieve this experience, retailers must integrate the customer’s profile information and ensure that the customer’s payment details are secure and are able to seamlessly login in all the retailer platforms. Contrary to the researcher’s expectations, South African customers do not expect an omnichannel support. They expect to keep online support separate from in-store support. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Factors that influence the success of total quality management (TGM) practices in a South African (SA) automotive organisation
- Authors: Makone, Tlangelani Sandra
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Automotive Industry , Total Quality Management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62113 , vital:71996
- Description: The South African automotive industry is a key driver of the economy and industrialisation of the country. The Covid-19 pandemic has had adverse effects on many industries globally. In the automotive industry, Covid-19 affected the supply chain resulting in a shortage of semi-conductors, which are essential in the microchips used in the vehicle assembly process. The delays in supply resulted in decreased production volumes and thus a decline in sales which has had an adverse effect on the economic growth of the industry. Therefore, the automotive industry must be sustainable and agile to be competitive globally. This study aimed to focus on total quality management (TQM) practices as a tool for competitive advantage. TQM is significant for sustainability, business continuity and competitive advantage. The study highlights the relevance of TQM practices in the global automotive industry and in South Africa where the study was performed. The organisations at the base of the study are multinational original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) that manufacture passenger vehicles for both local and export markets. This quantitative study investigated the relationship between leadership support, quality culture, education and training, structure and resources, and strategic quality plan as the independent variables and TQM practices as the dependent variable. A closed-ended online survey with 70 respondents was employed to collect the data from the OEMs. The findings are that there is a positive and significant correlation between the variables. Leadership support, quality culture and strategic quality planning have more influence on the success of TQM practices. Education and training, and structure and resources have a moderate influence on TQM practices. Managers in quality assurance and production in automotive organisations need to prioritise leadership support, quality culture and strategic quality planning for TQM practices to succeed. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Makone, Tlangelani Sandra
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Automotive Industry , Total Quality Management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62113 , vital:71996
- Description: The South African automotive industry is a key driver of the economy and industrialisation of the country. The Covid-19 pandemic has had adverse effects on many industries globally. In the automotive industry, Covid-19 affected the supply chain resulting in a shortage of semi-conductors, which are essential in the microchips used in the vehicle assembly process. The delays in supply resulted in decreased production volumes and thus a decline in sales which has had an adverse effect on the economic growth of the industry. Therefore, the automotive industry must be sustainable and agile to be competitive globally. This study aimed to focus on total quality management (TQM) practices as a tool for competitive advantage. TQM is significant for sustainability, business continuity and competitive advantage. The study highlights the relevance of TQM practices in the global automotive industry and in South Africa where the study was performed. The organisations at the base of the study are multinational original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) that manufacture passenger vehicles for both local and export markets. This quantitative study investigated the relationship between leadership support, quality culture, education and training, structure and resources, and strategic quality plan as the independent variables and TQM practices as the dependent variable. A closed-ended online survey with 70 respondents was employed to collect the data from the OEMs. The findings are that there is a positive and significant correlation between the variables. Leadership support, quality culture and strategic quality planning have more influence on the success of TQM practices. Education and training, and structure and resources have a moderate influence on TQM practices. Managers in quality assurance and production in automotive organisations need to prioritise leadership support, quality culture and strategic quality planning for TQM practices to succeed. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04