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Ntsikana's Great Hymn

- Ngqoko music ensemble participants, Ntsikana, Dargie, Dave

NUMSA Bargaining proposal - Engineering industry

- NUMSA

  • Authors: NUMSA
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: NUMSA
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/154188 , vital:39618
  • Description: The NUMSA Central Committee endorsed the National Bargaining Conference's deliberations held on the 15 - 17 March and mandated the union negotiators to make reductions of the apartheid wage gap the main thrust of the negotiation as part of an integrated package. We are proposing an integrated package of changes to all aspects of the industry to be negotiated in the process of negotiations.
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Observations of glitches in PSR 0833-45 and 1641-45

- Flanagan, Claire Susan

  • Authors: Flanagan, Claire Susan
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: Pulsars Neutron stars
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:5480 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005266
  • Description: An eleven-year series of radio timing observations of 0833- 45 (Vela) and PSR 1641- 45 is presented. During this time, five large spin-ups ("glitches") were observed in 0833- 45 and one in 1641-45. The stellar response to these events is investigated, and the three relat ively long complete inter-glitch intervals in 0833-45 are modeled. The results are of relevance to studies of the interiors of neutron stars. The initial aim of the project - to obtain good observational coverage of large glitches in the Vela pulsar - was successfully achieved, and high quality observations of the periods between glitches were obtained as a by-product. The results of the analysis presented here provide support for the existence of both linear and non-linear coupling in the Vela pulsar, and put a limit on the former in PSR 1641- 45. The recently observed existence of a rapidly recovering component of part of a glitch in Vela was verified in the subsequent glitch, although there is now evidence to contradict the suggestion that this component involves a particular region of the star that is implicated in every glitch. Observations of a recent glitch in the same pulsar have resolved a small component of the spin-up; such a component has not been reported for any other large glitch.
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Overview and comparison of Besshi-type deposits ancient and recent

- Schoeman, Philo

  • Authors: Schoeman, Philo
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: Ore deposits -- Japan , Ore deposits -- Canada , Ore deposits -- Namibia , Ore deposits -- South Africa , Ore deposits
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:4983 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005595 , Ore deposits -- Japan , Ore deposits -- Canada , Ore deposits -- Namibia , Ore deposits -- South Africa , Ore deposits
  • Description: Besshi-type deposits range in age from early Proterozoic to early Tertiary, of which the largest number are late Proterozoic, early Palaeozoic or Mesozoic in age. No Archaean examples of Besshi-type deposits are known, probably due to insufficient availability of sialic crust for erosion and clastic marine sedimentation before the start of the Proterozoic. All Besshi-type deposits are contained within sequences of clastic sedimentary rock and intercalated basalts in a marine environment. The basalts and amphibolites are principally tholeiitic in composition. Besshi-type deposits characteristically form stratiform 1enses and sheet-like accumulations of semi-massive to massive sulphide. The main ore assemblage consists dominantly of pyrite and/or pyrrhotite with variable amounts of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and trace galena, arsenopyrite, gold and e1ectrum, barite being absent in general. The median Besshi-type deposit (n=75) contains 1.3 million tonnes (Mt) of massive sulphide with a Cu grade running at 1.43%. It is suggested that Besshi-type deposits form by both exhalative and synsedimentary replacement processes when considering geological features and comparisons with modern analogues in the Guaymas Basin, Middle Valley and Escanaba Trough. The currently forming metalliferous sediments in the Red Sea provide for a brine pool model explaining the lack of footwall feeder zones below sheet-like deposits. Where thick sulphide lenses are contained in some Besshi-type deposits, combinations of exhalative precipitation and sub-sea-floor replacement of permeable sediments and/or volcanic rocks, take place in the upper parts of submarine hydrothermal systems.
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Perceptions of affirmative action

- Scott, Judith, Amos, Trevor L, Richard Scott, W

  • Authors: Scott, Judith , Amos, Trevor L , Richard Scott, W
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/270914 , vital:54491 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-67e7bffd2"
  • Description: Private and public South African employers have instituted affirmative action policies meant to provide employment opportunities to Black South Africans. A body of literature suggests that because of affirmative action policies Black hopes have been raised while Whites view such policies as having a negative impact on their opportunities. However, no extant literature details an empirical investigation of these suggestions. Therefore, this study focusses on the affirmative action perceptions held by 350 South African university commerce students.
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Petrology and geochemistry of the basal gabbro unit, Uitkomst complex

- Strauss, Toby Anthony Lavery

  • Authors: Strauss, Toby Anthony Lavery
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: Petrology -- South Africa -- Mpumalanga -- badplaas , Geochemistry -- South Africa -- Mpumalanga , Gabbro -- South Africa -- Mpumalanga
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:4989 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005601 , Petrology -- South Africa -- Mpumalanga -- badplaas , Geochemistry -- South Africa -- Mpumalanga , Gabbro -- South Africa -- Mpumalanga
  • Description: The Cu/(Cu+Ni) ratios associated with the Basal Gabbro also display the vertical reverse fractionation trend, supporting the supercooled margin model. The disseminated sulphides in the lowermost units, are regarded as being the result of sulphur saturation induced by contamination from the dolomitic and quartzitic xenoliths. This is supported by isotope data which indicate the high degree of contamination in the lowermost units of the Complex. The results of this study are used to propose a model for the petrogenesis and metallogenesis of the Uitkomst Complex, whereby the Complex is closely related to the Bushveld Complex. The Basal Gabbro, as supported by its chemistry and style of mineralisation (Cu-rich), represents a supercooled margin to the lowermost units of the Uitkomst Complex, which stoped upwards into the surrounding sediments, assimilating the country rock xenoliths, and precipitating sulphides. Following this was a period in which large quantities of magma moved laterally through the system before the magma flow waned, and closed system crystallisation ensued. As the body cooled, the primarily magmatic water was superceded by the hydrothermal magmatic water released from the xenoliths, and later by geothermally driven circulating meteoric water, producing the extensive alteration. This alteration was accompanied by considerable stress and the development of fractures and shears. Finally the Complex was itself intruded by diabase sills and later dolerite dykes.
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Pharmacokinetics of cyclizine following intravenous administration to human volunteers

- Kanfer, Isadore, Walker, Roderick B

  • Authors: Kanfer, Isadore , Walker, Roderick B
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184389 , vital:44214 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0928-0987(96)00177-7"
  • Description: The pharmacokinetics of cyclizine, a piperazine derivative useful in the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting, was investigated in six healthy male volunteers following an intravenous bolus dose. The drug is extensively distributed with a mean volume of distribution of 16.50 ± 3.33 l/kg and a mean total clearance of 0.870 ± 0.105 l/h per kg. Urinary excretion data showed that less than one percent of the dose was excreted up to 36 h as unchanged drug in the urine. The extremely low mean renal clearance (0.005 ± 0.002 l/h per kg) for the parent drug comprised only a small proportion of total clearance indicating that urinary excretion of parent drug is not a major route of elimination for cyclizine. The drug appears to exhibit biexponential pharmacokinetics and has a terminal elimination half-life of approximately 13 h.
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Photochemically induced electron transfer between sulfur dioxide and tin (IV) mono-and di-phthalocyanines

- Nensala, Ngudiankama, Nzimande, Ayanda, Nyokong, Tebello

  • Authors: Nensala, Ngudiankama , Nzimande, Ayanda , Nyokong, Tebello
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293402 , vital:57082 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/1010-6030(96)04344-4"
  • Description: Photolysis, using radiation from a tungsten lamp, of tin diphthalocyanine (Pc2Sn(IV)) in dichloromethane containing SO2 results in the one-electron oxidation of this species to [Pc(−2)Sn(IV)Pc(−1)]+. The relative quantum yields for the formation of the oxidized species were in the order of 10−3. The one-electron oxidized complex was also formed when Pc2Sn was photolysed in an acetonitrile/dichloromethane solvent mixture. Photolysis of the monomeric (L)2Sn(IV)Pc(LOH−, Cl−, Br− and F−) in pyridine and in the presence of SO2 resulted in the reduction of these species to (L)2Sn(IV)Pc(−3)]− with quantum yields in the order of 10−2.
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Physics and applications of scintillation detectors

- Brooks, Francis Dey

  • Authors: Brooks, Francis Dey
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: Nuclear physics Scintillation counters Nuclear counters Detectors
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DSc
  • Identifier: vital:5482 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005268
  • Description: The papers submitted in this volume present contributions and reviews on the physics of the scintillation process together with contributions to the development of scintillation detection techniques and the use of these techniques in nuclear physics research and in the applications of nuclear methods to other fields.
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Postmodernistiese vertelstrategieë in Nag van die clown van Abraham H. de Vries

- Van Heerden, Etienne, 1954-

  • Authors: Van Heerden, Etienne, 1954-
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: De Vries, Abraham H. -- Criticism and interpretation De Vries, Abraham H. -- Nag van die clown Afrikaans fiction -- History and criticism Postmodernism (Literature) Postmodernism (Literature) -- South Africa
  • Language: Afrikaans
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:3595 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002170
  • Description: This thesis locates Abraham H. de Vries's Nag van ale Clown witbin the self-conscious South African socio-literary climate of the eighties and analyses postmodernist narrative strategies in five stories. Surveying the debate on postmodernism, this study describes postmodernism as a nomadic, inherently contradictory and mutually informing palimpsest of texts and views the De Vries text as a problematized inscribing of subjectivity into history. , Hierdie proefskrif situeer Nag van die Clown (1989) van Abraham H. de Vries binne die selfbewuste sosioliterere klimaat van die Suid-Afrika van die dekade tagtig en ontleed postmodernistiese vertelstrategiee in vyf verhale uit die bundel. Die studie bied 'n oorsig oor die debat rondom die postmodernisme as nomadiese, weersprekende en wedersyds voedende palimpses tekste en beskou die De Vries-teks as 'n problematiserende inskryf van subjektiwiteit in die geskiedenis.
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Poverty in Duncan Village, East London: a qualitiative perspective

- Bank, Leslie John

  • Authors: Bank, Leslie John
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: Eastern Cape (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Urban poor -- South Africa Rural-urban migration -- South Africa -- East London East London (South Africa) -- Social conditions -- Case studies
  • Language: English
  • Type: Book , Text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2003 , vital:20246 , ISBN 0868103209
  • Description: East London is a minor coastal city with a fragile economy based largely on the food, motor and textile manufacturing sectors. Between 1945 and 1960 the economy of the city grew rapidly registering annual growth rates in excess of 10%. This growth was based on secondary industrialization in the manufacturing sector. However, since the inauguration of the homeland policy which wedged East London between two impoverished, self- governing homeland states, Transkei and Ciskei, the economy of the city has fared less well. Low annual growth rates were recorded throughout the 1970s and 1980s despite efforts by the Apartheid government to shore up the local economy by offering attractive industrial decentralization incentives in the region. The fragility of the city is not only based on its regional location, but on the absence of mineral and power sources and its distance from major metropolitan markets. Being situated in one of the poorest provinces in the country, East London's growth has always been limited by a weak local consumer market (Swilling 1987: 140). While the economic prospects for the city have recently improved with the dismantling of the homeland system and the centralization of the Eastern Cape's regional government in nearby capital of Bisho (30 minutes’ drive from East London), the city is still badly in need of major economic investment to cater for its rapidly growing population. During the past decade, there has been a massive transfer of population from rural to urban areas in the Eastern Cape generally. This occurred as a result of a softening of homeland borders in the mid-1980s, the removal of the influx control laws in 1986, as well as the deterioration of agricultural prospects in a region gripped by a crippling drought throughout the 1980s. These factors have ensured that East London became the tar-get of a sustained wave of rural-urban immigration. Dozens of new informal settlements have sprung up all over the city during the past five years, while the established townships within the city limits have become hopelessly overcrowded. The research for this project was conducted in East London's most congested township, Duncan Village. In 1995, it had a population of approximately 100 000 people. Between 1964 and 1979, Duncan Village was the target of massive forced removals. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Production ecology of bryophyte vegetation at Marion Island (Sub-Antarctic)

- Russell, Shaun

  • Authors: Russell, Shaun
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: Bryophytes -- marion island (Prince edward islands) -- Ecology
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:4224 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003793
  • Description: The world's tundra regions can be considered as the last unexploited terrestrial biome on the earth's surface. Bryophytes contribute significantly to primary production and nutrient cycling in tundra habitats but received considerably less attention than the vascular plants during research for the Tundra Biome Project of the International Biological Programme in the 1970s. The IBP synthesis recognised this and called for more bryophyte production data and improved methodology in future studies. The synthesis also identitied the need for more information on within-site variability, energy/chlorophyll relationships and mineral nutrient studies where tundra bryophyte production patterns are concerned. Marion Island in the sub-Antarctic has an oceanic "tundra" type of vegetation, and the island offers the characteristics of an ideal "natural laboratory" for conducting fundamental ecological research particularly in the field of primary production and energy flow. Studies at Marion Island paralleled those of the IBP but also concentrated on the vascular component of the vegetation. Bryophytes contribute up to 60% of the biomass and 90% of plant cover in the mires that dominate the well-vegetated coastal plain of Marion Island. Following the termination of IBP research therefore it was decided to extend these studies during the 1980s by measuring growth and characterising the major factors influencing growth patterns in Marion Island bryophytes. In this thesis information is given on the physical and biotic environment of Marion Island. Data is presented on the cover, biomass, seasonal and annual production values, and turn-over rates (decomposition) of 15 bryophyte species found across the full range of habit at types at Marion Island. An analysis is also made of growth-associated variables viz. soils, climate, plant energy, chlorophyll. water and mineral nutrient contents. Production was found to be related broadly to moisture-related variables, overlain by nutrient factors in some instances. Higher absolute production figures were obtained than at other tundra sites and interesting phenological data are discussed. The results suggest that decomposition is controlled mainly by tissue degradability factors and that decomposition is more significant than production in controlling biomass accumulation. A model is given for production/decomposition patterns across the range of habitat conditions at Marion Island. Several growth measurement techniques were tested and recommendations are made concerning methodology for future bryophyte production studies. By reference to ecological data collected during the study.
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Profile on CWIU

- Chemical Workers Industrial Union (CWIU)

  • Authors: Chemical Workers Industrial Union (CWIU)
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: CWIU
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/170170 , vital:41864
  • Description: Chemical Workers Industrial Union (GW1U) CW1U wus launched in November 1074 following a wuvo of strikes by workers in Durban, who wero demanding bettor wages. During those dark yours when repression wus at its highest peak, workers hud no hade unions to assist them. In chemical, transport, textile and .paper industries, workers formed trade unions to take their struggle forward. They also formed a tight .federation, the Trade Union Advisory and Co-ordinating Committee (TUACC). At its launch in 1974, CWIU was concentrated in Durban and had just under 1 000 members. In July 1980, a branch was opened in the "old” Transvaal. In building a national union, CWIU merged with Glass and Allied Workers Union (Gawu) in 1982. In the interim, other branches where launched throughout the country, though it was easy task with security cops keeping surveillance on every movement of union officials. To build a stronger united worker-front, CWIU took quantum leap when it merged again with Plastics and Allied Workers Union in 1986.
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Psychiatric problems in the primary health care context: a study in the Border-Kei area

- Cook, Jacqueline

  • Authors: Cook, Jacqueline
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: Primary health care -- South Africa , Mental health services -- South Africa , Black people -- Mental health -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:2954 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002463 , Primary health care -- South Africa , Mental health services -- South Africa , Black people -- Mental health -- South Africa
  • Description: A clinic survey was undertaken to investigate the nature of psychiatric problems experienced by the primary health care (PHC) patient population in the Bisho-King William's Town area of the Eastern Cape Region. The study took as its point of departure research findings which attest to the high rate of psychiatric distress amongst this population group in different parts of the world and ohservations regarding the form of presentation in terms of physical complaints. Hypotheses posited relationships between psychiatric problems experienced by patients attending PHC clinics in the study area and four types of variables, namely; somatic complaints, socio-demographic characteristics, patterns of health service utilisation and patient satisfaction with health services. Using a quasi-experimental descriptive approach, a two-stage screening procedure sorted the patient sample into three groups on the basis of the degree of psychiatric symptomatology experienced. The triangulation of the results of between-groups analyses with case materials recorded during psychiatric interviewing provided for an ethnographic account of the cultural experience of distress in the study area. The screening process used standard instruments, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) in the first stage and the Present State Examination (PSE) in the second stage. A pilot study was conducted prior to the fieldwork for the main study. Using the SRQ, thirteen psychiatric paticnts and 31 general PHC patients were sampled for the pilot study and 148 PHC patients were sampled for the main study. Using the PSE, 11 and 57 PSE interviews were conducted in the pilot and main studies respectively. Between-groups analyses used chi-square and F-statistics to investigate possible associations with identified patient correlates (P<0.5). These were socio-demographic, utilisation and satisfaction variables, measured by a separate face-valid self-response instrument compiled for the purposes of this study. Psychiatric symptomatology was found to be statistically significantly related to age, marital status and educational level. Further, patients experiencing more psychiatric symptomatology reported significantly more illnesses requiring treatment, longer consultation periods and a greater number of sick bed days. No statistically significant relationships were found between psychiatric symptomatology and number of children, number of failures at school, amount of treatment utilised, number of consultations, or patient satisfaction with services. Descriptive analyses of symptom and syndrome profiles found certain somatic complaints to be particularly prevalent amongst the patient sample. These include headaches and various tension pains, decreased energy levels and digestive problems. Qualitative analysis of interview data found that many somatic and psychiatric problems experienced constitute culturally defined and meaningful experiences, especially 'umbilini' (or nerves), 'ufufunyana' (a possession state), and accusations of witchcraft. Interpretation of complaints from the local traditional healing perspective, revealed a more complex mode of communication between patients and the health delivery system than may be accounted for in terms of a simple biomedical model. The interpretive analysis in the study showed that some forms of presentation incorporating somatic symptoms, such as 'nerves' may he viewed as help seeking behaviour of the socially unempowered. Implications of the results are discussed in relation to the need for improved identification and management of psychiatric distress at PHC level facilitated by a better developed referral network and closer interaction between biomedical and anthropological perspectives.
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Publiserve - Application for membership

- PAWUSA

  • Authors: PAWUSA
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: PAWUSA
  • Language: English, Afrikaans
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/113955 , vital:33857
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Redistribution and taxation in South Africa : inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University

- Gavin, Wesley J

Reduction of tungsten oxides with carbon and hydrogen

- Venables, Dean Stuart

  • Authors: Venables, Dean Stuart
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: Oxidation-reduction reaction , Tungsten , Hydrogen , Carbon
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:4342 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005004 , Oxidation-reduction reaction , Tungsten , Hydrogen , Carbon
  • Description: The reductions of WO₃ with hydrogen, with CO, and with carbon, as well as the reduction of WO₃/graphite mixtures with hydrogen, were studied using thermogravimetry, evolved gas analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The intermediate phases W₂₀O₅₈, W₁₈O₄₉ and WO₂, were observed in the reductions. The final product of the reductions with hydrogen and carbon was tungsten, and we was formed in the reduction with CO. The reaction paths in the overall processes were determined. The reactant/product gas ratio had a considerable influence on which reactions took place. The morphology of the sample was characterised at different stages of the reduction. The shape of the WO₃ particles was retained during the reduction. Particle growth was observed in the reduction with hydrogen and was attributed to the formation of WO₂(OH)₂(g). The kinetics of the reductions were investigated , and the reaction mechanisms determined. The reduction of WO₃ with CO was studied from 650 to 900°C, and occurred at a phase boundary with an activation energy of 40 kJ mol⁻¹ . The reduction of WO₂, was studied under the same conditions. The reaction also occurred at a phase boundary and had an activation energy of 62 kJ mol⁻¹. The reduction of WO₃ with carbon was studied from 935 to 1100°C and took place via CO and CO₂. Two stages were observed in the reduction . The first stage, which corresponded approximately to the formation of WO₂ had an activation energy of 66 kJ mol⁻¹ and was limited by diffusion through the porous reacting particles. The second stage was first order and had an activation energy of 40 kJ mol⁻¹. The reduction of WO₃ and WO₃ graphite mixtures with hydrogen were studied from 575 to 975 °C. The reactions were controlled by mass-transfer under the conditions investigated. The addition of carbon increased the rate of the reduction process , but did not affect the phases formed in the system. CO₂ was evolved mainly at the start, and CO mainly at the end of the process.
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Regional development planning in the Border-Ciskei-Transkei region: an examination of its implementation, effects and implications

- Nel, E L

  • Authors: Nel, E L
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: Regional planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Regional planning -- South Africa -- Transkei Regional planning -- South Africa -- Ciskei Rural development -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Book , Text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1899 , vital:20237 , ISBN 0868103098
  • Description: This paper examines the implementation and effects of regional development planning in the former Border-Ciskei-Transkei region of South Africa. State planning strategies were utilized for more than 30 years to further the ends of apartheid by trying to turn the black 'Homelands', into independent economic entities. In addition, the results of the dubious strategies applied and their implications receive particular attention. This is particularly significant in terms of the recent closure of numerous firms in the region as a result of exposure to market forces. The study aims to document and analyse what happened in the area, to detail the conclusions that can be derived from the experience and, by implication, to raise issues which future planners need to take into consideration. The experience of decades of politically-based planning of the economy led to a situation which subsidised inefficiency, encouraged exploitation and failed to leave a sustainable industrial base. Firms were drawn in by the incentives offered and not by inherent locational advantages. The weak economic linkages which resulted and the current disinvestment in the wake of the termination of incentives are an indictment against the policy. The saga of regional development in the Border-Ciskei- Transkei region vividly illustrates the need for future planners to take cognizance of key economic realities when contemplating such strategies. The new government should not repeat the mistake of attracting and subsidising industrial firms which have only tenuous links with the host economy and which require state support to operate profitably. Appropriate policies to assist the most needy remain an urgent necessity which the new government has yet to address properly. This study is based on surveys of manufacturing firms in the region which received state support, interviews with government and development agents, chambers of commerce and municipalities as well as a detailed review of published reports, academic articles and research projects. The time frame of the study extends from the early 1940s when the first attempts at regional development planning were made, through to 1993, the latest year for which data is available. This permits a broad sweep to be made of policies from the apartheid to the post-apartheid period. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Religion, tradition and custom in a Zulu male vocal idiom

- Ndlovu, Caesar Maxwell Jeffrey

  • Authors: Ndlovu, Caesar Maxwell Jeffrey
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: Songs, Zulu Zulu (African people) -- Social life and customs Zionist churches (Africa) -- South Africa -- Transkei Church music -- South Africa African indigenous/independent churches
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:2650 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002315
  • Description: The study is about a Zulu male vocal tradition called isicathamiya performed by 'migrants' in all night competitions called ingomabusuku. This is a performance style popularized by the award winning group Ladysmith Black Mambazo. Isicathamiya, both in its symbolic structure and in the social and culturalpractice of its proponents has much in common with the ritual practices of Zionists. And Zionists are worshippers who integrate traditional beliefs and Christianity. This study will reveal that isicathamiya performance and Zionists are linked in three major areas:in the sqcial bases and practice of its proponents, in the structural properties of their performances and tn the meanings attached to these practices. Firstly, Zionists, who are also called a Separatist or African Independent church, and isicathamiya performers have minimal education and are employed in low income jobs in the cities. Most groups are formed with 'homeboy networks'. Furthermore, performers, unlike their brothers in the city, cling tenaciously to usiko [custom and tradition]. Although they are Christians, they still worship Umvelinqangi [The One Who Came First], by giving oblations and other forms of offerings. Amadlozi [the ancestors] are still believed to be their mediators with God. Also commonplace in this category is the practice of ukuchatha, [cleansing the stomach with some prepared medicine]; and ukuphalaza [taking out bile by spewing, which is also done as a way of warding off evil spirits]. These are rural practices that have meaning in their present domiciles. The second area of similarity consists in the structure of the nocturnal gatherings that form the core of the ritual and performance practices among isicathamiya singers and Zionists. Thus, a core of the ritual of Zionists is umlindelo [night vigil] which takes place every weekend from about 8 at night until the following day. Likewise, isicathamiya performers have competitions every Saturday evening from 8 at night until about 11 am the following day. Although Zionists night vigils are liturgical and isicathamiya competitions secular, the structures of both isicathamiya choreography and Zionists body movements appear the same. These movements are both rooted in a variety of traditional styles called ingoma. Thirdly, the meanings attached to these symbolic correspondences must be looked for in the selective appropriation of practices and beliefs taken to be traditional. Using present day commentaries in song and movement, ingoma and other rural styles performed in competitions and Zionists night vigils reflect a reconstruction of the past. Isicathamiya performers and Zionists see themselves as custodians of Zulu tradition, keeping Zulu ethnicity alive in the urban environment. This is why in this study we are going to see rural styles like ingoma, isifekezeli [war drills], ukusina [solo dancing] that were performed on the fields, now performed, sort of feigned and 'held in' as they are p~rformed in dance halls with wooden stages.
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  • Date Issued: 1996

Resettlement in the Border/Ciskei region of South Africa

- de Wet, Christopher J, Lujabe, Phumeza, Metele, Nosipho

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