An investigation of factors which influence integrating indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants into the learning programme for Grade 9 General Science
- Authors: Kimbugwe, Francis Kambugu
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Ethnoscience Ethnoscience -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Medicinal plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Curriculum planning -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1624 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003506
- Description: This study explores knowledge of some medicinal plants amongst the sub-urban community of and around a township in the Eastern Cape province. This qualitative interpretivist case study presents the prior knowledge of medicinal plants possessed by Grade 9 learners, which is used as a springboard toward interviewing traditional healers, herbal practitioners and lecturers at a university in the departments of Botany and Pharmacy. The data obtained from the informants reveals the factors that can influence integration of indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants in the learning programme for grade 9 General Science. These factors include: prior knowledge and enthusiasm of Grade 9 learners and teachers, support of the community which include parents, traditional healers, herbal practitioners and professionals who could introduce indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants into formal education, availability of resource materials and complexity of identifying pharmacologically tested plants from other indigenous medicinal plants. The analysis and discussion of the findings, have led me to conclude that the enthusiasm of learners who have a rich background of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants is likely to be hampered by the unenthusiastic teachers as well as the reluctance of herbal practitioners in their communities to part with this knowledge. Hence I recommend that teachers be motivated through workshops and in-service training, conducted by goverr\ment paid herbal practitioners using the prior knowledge of learners as a stepping-stone.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kimbugwe, Francis Kambugu
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Ethnoscience Ethnoscience -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Medicinal plants -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Curriculum planning -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1624 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003506
- Description: This study explores knowledge of some medicinal plants amongst the sub-urban community of and around a township in the Eastern Cape province. This qualitative interpretivist case study presents the prior knowledge of medicinal plants possessed by Grade 9 learners, which is used as a springboard toward interviewing traditional healers, herbal practitioners and lecturers at a university in the departments of Botany and Pharmacy. The data obtained from the informants reveals the factors that can influence integration of indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants in the learning programme for grade 9 General Science. These factors include: prior knowledge and enthusiasm of Grade 9 learners and teachers, support of the community which include parents, traditional healers, herbal practitioners and professionals who could introduce indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants into formal education, availability of resource materials and complexity of identifying pharmacologically tested plants from other indigenous medicinal plants. The analysis and discussion of the findings, have led me to conclude that the enthusiasm of learners who have a rich background of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants is likely to be hampered by the unenthusiastic teachers as well as the reluctance of herbal practitioners in their communities to part with this knowledge. Hence I recommend that teachers be motivated through workshops and in-service training, conducted by goverr\ment paid herbal practitioners using the prior knowledge of learners as a stepping-stone.
- Full Text:
Applicability of a health literacy test from the U.S. in a South African population
- Lecoko, Motlalepule Lebogang Elizabeth
- Authors: Lecoko, Motlalepule Lebogang Elizabeth
- Date: 2001 , 2013-04-29
- Subjects: Literacy , Literacy -- South Africa , Literacy -- Ability testing , Reading -- Ability testing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3824 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005931 , Literacy , Literacy -- South Africa , Literacy -- Ability testing , Reading -- Ability testing
- Description: This thesis investigates the suitability and applicability of a health literacy test from the U.S. in a black, Xhosa-speaking, South African population. The concept of literacy is a controversial one which has been much debated, as it is not easy to classifY people as simply either literate or illiterate. As a result there are a number of definitions of literacy that vary with purpose and culture, but the most common one is that a person is literate if he/she can read and write. Estimating literacy from years of schooling is an inexpensive method but is also unreliable, since people generally read 3 to 5 grades below their stated educational level. This method affords little insight into the ability of patients to adequately function in a health care enviromnent, an ability which is referred to as functional health literacy. A number of health literacy tests such as the REALM (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine) test have been developed to assess this skill. The REALM test is a word recognition test which places people into a relevant grade range estimate according to the number of words pronounced correctly. It appears to assume understanding of the word if the person is able to read that word correctly. In this project 125 black Xhosa-speaking respondents of varying educational levels who were literate in English were interviewed with the aid of an interpreter. Comprehensive demographic data were collected. Respondents were first asked to read all 66 words aloud during which time pronunciation was checked, and thereafter they were asked to explain each word. It was found that the ability to automatically decode and read the words did not necessarily guarantee comprehension of these words. Many of the words proved to be unfamiliar to the majority of the Xhosa respondents who were able to pronounce them correctly, but could not explain them. These tended to be phonetically transparent words which were therefore more accessible to the unfamiliar reader. This research has proven to be of great value in helping identify such words which should be substituted with simpler words for use in health information materials. A number of words could neither be pronounced nor understood by the population majority and, interestingly, a small group of words could not be pronounced but were satisfactorily explained by some respondents. The results showed an extremely poor correlation between the stated educational level and the REALM grade range estimate. This emphasizes the inappropriateness of years of formal schooling as an indicator of functional health literacy. The criteria were established for deciding cases in which the REALM test could be applied (or succeeds) and when it is inapplicable (or fails). It was found to be inapplicable in 41% of cases which clearly indicates that, in its current form, it is not a valid, reliable test to use in determining health literacy in this English second language population. It can, however, be used as a basis fur the development of a more appropriate test. Recommendations for future research direction are presented and an alternative structure for a health literacy test is suggested. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lecoko, Motlalepule Lebogang Elizabeth
- Date: 2001 , 2013-04-29
- Subjects: Literacy , Literacy -- South Africa , Literacy -- Ability testing , Reading -- Ability testing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3824 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005931 , Literacy , Literacy -- South Africa , Literacy -- Ability testing , Reading -- Ability testing
- Description: This thesis investigates the suitability and applicability of a health literacy test from the U.S. in a black, Xhosa-speaking, South African population. The concept of literacy is a controversial one which has been much debated, as it is not easy to classifY people as simply either literate or illiterate. As a result there are a number of definitions of literacy that vary with purpose and culture, but the most common one is that a person is literate if he/she can read and write. Estimating literacy from years of schooling is an inexpensive method but is also unreliable, since people generally read 3 to 5 grades below their stated educational level. This method affords little insight into the ability of patients to adequately function in a health care enviromnent, an ability which is referred to as functional health literacy. A number of health literacy tests such as the REALM (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine) test have been developed to assess this skill. The REALM test is a word recognition test which places people into a relevant grade range estimate according to the number of words pronounced correctly. It appears to assume understanding of the word if the person is able to read that word correctly. In this project 125 black Xhosa-speaking respondents of varying educational levels who were literate in English were interviewed with the aid of an interpreter. Comprehensive demographic data were collected. Respondents were first asked to read all 66 words aloud during which time pronunciation was checked, and thereafter they were asked to explain each word. It was found that the ability to automatically decode and read the words did not necessarily guarantee comprehension of these words. Many of the words proved to be unfamiliar to the majority of the Xhosa respondents who were able to pronounce them correctly, but could not explain them. These tended to be phonetically transparent words which were therefore more accessible to the unfamiliar reader. This research has proven to be of great value in helping identify such words which should be substituted with simpler words for use in health information materials. A number of words could neither be pronounced nor understood by the population majority and, interestingly, a small group of words could not be pronounced but were satisfactorily explained by some respondents. The results showed an extremely poor correlation between the stated educational level and the REALM grade range estimate. This emphasizes the inappropriateness of years of formal schooling as an indicator of functional health literacy. The criteria were established for deciding cases in which the REALM test could be applied (or succeeds) and when it is inapplicable (or fails). It was found to be inapplicable in 41% of cases which clearly indicates that, in its current form, it is not a valid, reliable test to use in determining health literacy in this English second language population. It can, however, be used as a basis fur the development of a more appropriate test. Recommendations for future research direction are presented and an alternative structure for a health literacy test is suggested. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
Applications of Baylis-Idllman methodology in the synthesis of chromene derivatives
- Authors: Nocanda, Xolani Wittleton
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Heterocyclic chemistry , Heterocyclic compounds -- Derivatives
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4556 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018257
- Description: The reaction of salicylaldehyde with various activated alkenes, viz., methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ketone, phenyl vinyl sulfone, phenyl vinylsulfonate, acrolein and acrylonitrile, under Baylis-Hillman conditions, has been found to proceed with the chemoselective formation of chromene derivatives. The reaction conditions have been optimised and chromene derivatives have been obtained in isolated yields up to 87 %. The generality of the reaction, using 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), as the catalyst, and a heterogeneous (chloroform-water) solvent system, has been established using a range of salicylaldehyde derivatives,. including 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde. The formation of chromene derivatives, under these conditions, has been assumed to proceed via an initial, Baylis-Hillman reaction, followed by cyclisation involving intramolecular conjugate addition, and subsequent dehydration. Evidence supporting this sequence has been obtained from the isolation ofBaylis-Hillman products from reactions involving the use of tertbutylclimethylsilyl-protected salicylaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and tert-butyl acrylate as substrates. The potential of the ''Baylis-Hillman zwitterion" to participate as a donor species in Michael-type addition reactions has been explored and a series of climeric products has been isolated. The Baylis-Hillman methodology has also been successfully extended to the synthesis of sulfurcontaining heterocyclic systems, and a range of 3-substituted thiochromenes has been obtained in moderate yields, using 2,2'-dithiobenzaldehyde and various activated alkenes in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as catalyst. The electron-impact mass spectra of selected chromene and thiocbromene derivatives have been investigated permitting comparison of the fragmentation of the oxygen- and sulfur-containing analogues. In a study directed at the synthesis of potential HIV -1 protease inhibitors, chromene- and thiocbromene-containing analogues of the clinically useful drug, ritonavir, have been prepared. Thiochromene and chromene derivatives were converted to the corresponding 3 -carboxylic acids and coupled with a specially prepared, hydroxyethylene dipeptide isostere to afford ritonavir analogues containing cbromene and thiochromene termini in ca. 60% yield.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nocanda, Xolani Wittleton
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Heterocyclic chemistry , Heterocyclic compounds -- Derivatives
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4556 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018257
- Description: The reaction of salicylaldehyde with various activated alkenes, viz., methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ketone, phenyl vinyl sulfone, phenyl vinylsulfonate, acrolein and acrylonitrile, under Baylis-Hillman conditions, has been found to proceed with the chemoselective formation of chromene derivatives. The reaction conditions have been optimised and chromene derivatives have been obtained in isolated yields up to 87 %. The generality of the reaction, using 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), as the catalyst, and a heterogeneous (chloroform-water) solvent system, has been established using a range of salicylaldehyde derivatives,. including 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde. The formation of chromene derivatives, under these conditions, has been assumed to proceed via an initial, Baylis-Hillman reaction, followed by cyclisation involving intramolecular conjugate addition, and subsequent dehydration. Evidence supporting this sequence has been obtained from the isolation ofBaylis-Hillman products from reactions involving the use of tertbutylclimethylsilyl-protected salicylaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and tert-butyl acrylate as substrates. The potential of the ''Baylis-Hillman zwitterion" to participate as a donor species in Michael-type addition reactions has been explored and a series of climeric products has been isolated. The Baylis-Hillman methodology has also been successfully extended to the synthesis of sulfurcontaining heterocyclic systems, and a range of 3-substituted thiochromenes has been obtained in moderate yields, using 2,2'-dithiobenzaldehyde and various activated alkenes in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as catalyst. The electron-impact mass spectra of selected chromene and thiocbromene derivatives have been investigated permitting comparison of the fragmentation of the oxygen- and sulfur-containing analogues. In a study directed at the synthesis of potential HIV -1 protease inhibitors, chromene- and thiocbromene-containing analogues of the clinically useful drug, ritonavir, have been prepared. Thiochromene and chromene derivatives were converted to the corresponding 3 -carboxylic acids and coupled with a specially prepared, hydroxyethylene dipeptide isostere to afford ritonavir analogues containing cbromene and thiochromene termini in ca. 60% yield.
- Full Text:
Ariel in Africa: Leslie French and the Port Elizabeth Shakespearean Festival
- Mann, Bruce, Wright, Laurence
- Authors: Mann, Bruce , Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/455588 , vital:75441 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA1011582X_168
- Description: The Port Elizabeth Shakespearean Festival has good reason to remember the 23'd April. Quite apart from its being the official birthday of Shakespeare and St. George (after whom the park was named in which Mannville, the company's open air theatre, stands today), the 23'd April 1904 was the birthday of Leslie French, doyen of classical theatre in South Africa in the last century, whose productions established and consolidated open-air theatre in Port Elizabeth. He had a varied and successful career in the performing arts well before his association with South African theatre began. A gifted boy singer, his first appearance was in London at the Little Theatre, December 141", 1914, while he was still a chorister at the London College of Choristers. In the next four years he appeared regularly with Jean Sterling Machinlay and Harcourt Williams at the Margaret Morris Theatre, as a soloist at many important London churches (including St. Margaret's, Westminster Abbey and St. Paul's Cathedral), as well as singing at the Royal Albert Hall and the Queen's Hall in the Chapel Ballad Concerts.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mann, Bruce , Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/455588 , vital:75441 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA1011582X_168
- Description: The Port Elizabeth Shakespearean Festival has good reason to remember the 23'd April. Quite apart from its being the official birthday of Shakespeare and St. George (after whom the park was named in which Mannville, the company's open air theatre, stands today), the 23'd April 1904 was the birthday of Leslie French, doyen of classical theatre in South Africa in the last century, whose productions established and consolidated open-air theatre in Port Elizabeth. He had a varied and successful career in the performing arts well before his association with South African theatre began. A gifted boy singer, his first appearance was in London at the Little Theatre, December 141", 1914, while he was still a chorister at the London College of Choristers. In the next four years he appeared regularly with Jean Sterling Machinlay and Harcourt Williams at the Margaret Morris Theatre, as a soloist at many important London churches (including St. Margaret's, Westminster Abbey and St. Paul's Cathedral), as well as singing at the Royal Albert Hall and the Queen's Hall in the Chapel Ballad Concerts.
- Full Text:
Aspects of imagery in Catherine of Siena from a Jungian perspective
- Authors: Munro, Alison Mary
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Catherine of Siena, Saint, 1347-1380 , Christian Saints -- Italy , Jung, C G (Carl Gustav), 1875-1961
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTh
- Identifier: vital:1308 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018216
- Description: This study investigates whether or nor not the imagery of Catherine of Siena can be interpreted from a Jungian perspective. It takes a lead from other studies, notably one on Teresa of Avila and Jung. Reading of medieval literature suggests that medievals applied the use of symbols and imagery in ways that are at times baffling to people of our time. Carl Jung was no stranger to imagery and symbol. In our current age with its renewed emphasis on the insights of spirituality, and to some extent its disenchantment with aspects of traditional psychology, there is room for a dialogue between the two disciplines of mysticism and psychology across a six-hundred year divide. The use of imagery, as a window to the soul, in the Christian tradition is examined. Catherine of Siena is situated within her own medieval context, one of upheaval in the church, but also an age of mysticism and spiritual/religious phenomena strange to our own time. Catherine is introduced against the background of her world and against the backdrop of the Dominican tradition. A discussion of some of her major imagery demonstrates her aim of union with God. An understanding of conscious aspects and of unconscious aspects of the self is shown as key to Jung ' s view of the psyche. Elucidation of some archetypes and a discussion of Jung's dream analysis demonstrates how Jung believed the unconscious becomes conscious, and how individuation becomes a possibility. Key Catherinian images are examined from a Jungian perspective. Catherine has relevance for the twenty first century, and we are invited to be challenged by the mysteries and truths to which her images point us.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Munro, Alison Mary
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Catherine of Siena, Saint, 1347-1380 , Christian Saints -- Italy , Jung, C G (Carl Gustav), 1875-1961
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTh
- Identifier: vital:1308 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018216
- Description: This study investigates whether or nor not the imagery of Catherine of Siena can be interpreted from a Jungian perspective. It takes a lead from other studies, notably one on Teresa of Avila and Jung. Reading of medieval literature suggests that medievals applied the use of symbols and imagery in ways that are at times baffling to people of our time. Carl Jung was no stranger to imagery and symbol. In our current age with its renewed emphasis on the insights of spirituality, and to some extent its disenchantment with aspects of traditional psychology, there is room for a dialogue between the two disciplines of mysticism and psychology across a six-hundred year divide. The use of imagery, as a window to the soul, in the Christian tradition is examined. Catherine of Siena is situated within her own medieval context, one of upheaval in the church, but also an age of mysticism and spiritual/religious phenomena strange to our own time. Catherine is introduced against the background of her world and against the backdrop of the Dominican tradition. A discussion of some of her major imagery demonstrates her aim of union with God. An understanding of conscious aspects and of unconscious aspects of the self is shown as key to Jung ' s view of the psyche. Elucidation of some archetypes and a discussion of Jung's dream analysis demonstrates how Jung believed the unconscious becomes conscious, and how individuation becomes a possibility. Key Catherinian images are examined from a Jungian perspective. Catherine has relevance for the twenty first century, and we are invited to be challenged by the mysteries and truths to which her images point us.
- Full Text:
Aspects of the cosmic Christ in the spirituality of Dom Bede Griffiths
- Authors: Forster, Dion Angus
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Griffiths, Bede, 1906-1993 , Catholic Church -- India -- Clergy -- Biography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTh
- Identifier: vital:1305 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018212
- Description: Alan Griffiths was born at Walton-on Thames, England in 1906. He was educated at Christ's Hospital and later at Oxford (under the tutelage of C.S. Lewis). At Oxford he read English literature and philosophy. After considerable inner turmoil he was converted to Christianity in 1931 and entered the Roman Catholic Church in 1933. As a novice Benedictine he was given the name Bede, and was finally ordained as a priest 1940. In 1955 Fr Bede went to India to start a Benedictine community with Dom Benedict Alapatt. He later moved to Kurisumala Ashram in Kerala, and finally, in 1968, to Shantivanam Ashram in Tamil Nadu. He died at Shantivanarn in 1993. Fr Bede was, and still is, regarded by many as a spiritual pioneer. This high regard stems from an appreciation of his spirituality which was rooted in a mystical experience of God. This thesis investigates aspects of Fr Bede's cosmic christology as they arise from his spirituality. The aim of this research is to show that Fr Bede’s cosmic christology that stems from an expression of a real mystical experience of Christ, as the source, sustainer and goal of the whole cosmos, offers both value and insight to Christian spiritual practice and the formulation of doctrine. What makes Fr Bede's spirituality so valuable is the manner in which he integrated East and West in his spirituality and person, coupled with his ability to draw upon that integration in reflecting and articulating his experience - which ultimately shaped his cosmic christology. In order to share his knowledge and experience of the cosmic Christ, Fr Bede draws upon linguistic and philosophical concepts from the East (and Hinduism in particular) as well as the language and theory arising from discoveries in the areas of quantum physics, microbiology and transpersonal psychology in the West. It is the primacy of spiritual experience, coupled with Fr Bede's ability to integrate the religions, cultures and world-views of the East and West within himself, which makes his cosmic christology so compelling.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Forster, Dion Angus
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Griffiths, Bede, 1906-1993 , Catholic Church -- India -- Clergy -- Biography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTh
- Identifier: vital:1305 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018212
- Description: Alan Griffiths was born at Walton-on Thames, England in 1906. He was educated at Christ's Hospital and later at Oxford (under the tutelage of C.S. Lewis). At Oxford he read English literature and philosophy. After considerable inner turmoil he was converted to Christianity in 1931 and entered the Roman Catholic Church in 1933. As a novice Benedictine he was given the name Bede, and was finally ordained as a priest 1940. In 1955 Fr Bede went to India to start a Benedictine community with Dom Benedict Alapatt. He later moved to Kurisumala Ashram in Kerala, and finally, in 1968, to Shantivanam Ashram in Tamil Nadu. He died at Shantivanarn in 1993. Fr Bede was, and still is, regarded by many as a spiritual pioneer. This high regard stems from an appreciation of his spirituality which was rooted in a mystical experience of God. This thesis investigates aspects of Fr Bede's cosmic christology as they arise from his spirituality. The aim of this research is to show that Fr Bede’s cosmic christology that stems from an expression of a real mystical experience of Christ, as the source, sustainer and goal of the whole cosmos, offers both value and insight to Christian spiritual practice and the formulation of doctrine. What makes Fr Bede's spirituality so valuable is the manner in which he integrated East and West in his spirituality and person, coupled with his ability to draw upon that integration in reflecting and articulating his experience - which ultimately shaped his cosmic christology. In order to share his knowledge and experience of the cosmic Christ, Fr Bede draws upon linguistic and philosophical concepts from the East (and Hinduism in particular) as well as the language and theory arising from discoveries in the areas of quantum physics, microbiology and transpersonal psychology in the West. It is the primacy of spiritual experience, coupled with Fr Bede's ability to integrate the religions, cultures and world-views of the East and West within himself, which makes his cosmic christology so compelling.
- Full Text:
Aspects of the new repurchase system of monetary control in South Africa
- Springfield, Samantha Claire
- Authors: Springfield, Samantha Claire
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Monetary policy -- South Africa Credit control -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEcon
- Identifier: vital:940 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002673
- Description: The main objective of monetary policy is to protect the value of the currency, and in so doing, achieve the objectives of maximum economic growth, development, and the creation of employment opportunities. As from 1985, under the advice of the De Kock Commission, the South African Reserve Bank (SARB), implemented the classical cash reserve system of monetary control. Under this system, the SARB was willing to refinance the money market shortage fully, automatically, and on certain predetermined terms, conditions and costs. However, since the new political dispensation in 1994, South Africa’s financial markets have become more globalized, liberalised, and integrated. Thus, the classical cash reserve system had lost its usefulness, and was no longer effective. As from March 1998, the SARB implemented the new repurchase system of monetary control. In implementing the repurchase system of monetary control, South Africa was adopting a more eclectic approach. This system is aimed at making monetary policy more effective and more flexible in a financial environment filled with complexities. This study finds that the repurchase system has thus far been successful in meeting its objectives. Interest rates are more flexible and sensitive to developments in the domestic and external environment, the signalling mechanism of the SARB has proved to be successful, accommodation and interest rates are closely related and the interbank market has become more developed. Therefore, the repurchase system appears to be more efficient than the previous system of monetary control in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Springfield, Samantha Claire
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Monetary policy -- South Africa Credit control -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEcon
- Identifier: vital:940 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002673
- Description: The main objective of monetary policy is to protect the value of the currency, and in so doing, achieve the objectives of maximum economic growth, development, and the creation of employment opportunities. As from 1985, under the advice of the De Kock Commission, the South African Reserve Bank (SARB), implemented the classical cash reserve system of monetary control. Under this system, the SARB was willing to refinance the money market shortage fully, automatically, and on certain predetermined terms, conditions and costs. However, since the new political dispensation in 1994, South Africa’s financial markets have become more globalized, liberalised, and integrated. Thus, the classical cash reserve system had lost its usefulness, and was no longer effective. As from March 1998, the SARB implemented the new repurchase system of monetary control. In implementing the repurchase system of monetary control, South Africa was adopting a more eclectic approach. This system is aimed at making monetary policy more effective and more flexible in a financial environment filled with complexities. This study finds that the repurchase system has thus far been successful in meeting its objectives. Interest rates are more flexible and sensitive to developments in the domestic and external environment, the signalling mechanism of the SARB has proved to be successful, accommodation and interest rates are closely related and the interbank market has become more developed. Therefore, the repurchase system appears to be more efficient than the previous system of monetary control in South Africa.
- Full Text:
Assembly of full-length cDNA, and heterologous expression, of Nudaurelia B virus RNA
- Authors: Luke, Gary Joseph
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Imbrasia cytherea , RNA , Viruses , DNA
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3913 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003972 , Imbrasia cytherea , RNA , Viruses , DNA
- Description: Nudaurelia beta virus (NβV) is a monopartite genome virus belonging to the family Tetraviridae. Its host range has been found to be limited to a single insect order, the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). The single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome consists of 6625 nucleotides containing two open reading frames (ORFs). The 5' proximal ORF of 5778 nucleotides encodes a protein of 215 kDa containing three functional domains characteristic of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The 3' proximal ORF, of 1836 nucleotides, encodes the 66 kDa capsid precursor protein and overlaps the replicase gene by more than 99% and is in the +1 reading frame relative to the replicase reading frame. The full-length cDNA construct of the NβV genome was assembled using a homologous overlapping PCR linking method. The starting material consisted of seven overlapping pieces that were constructed for sequencing. Due to the degradation of the full-length RNA obtained from virus extracted from field-collected Nudaurelia cytherea capensis larvae other alternative methods needed to be applied. Sub-cloning using restriction enzyme sites also required an alternative method being used, due to the abundance of restriction sites of the same type in the NβV genome. This led to the use of a method similar to "DNA Shuffling" where overlapping pieces were connected using a modified PCR protocol. After the construction of the NβV genome, the full-length PCR product was cloned and checked for large insertion and deletions that could have resulted from the PCR amplification. The heterologous expression of the NβV capsid protein linked to a fusion protein (Glutathione S-transferase) in E.coli, confirmed the authenticity of the prescribed capsid gene ORF. The expression showed that the virus protein was subjected to protease digestion in DH5α E.coli, suggesting that the protein was insoluble in the cell cytoplasm. The capsid gene expression in a modified E.coli strain, Epicurian Coli BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RIL, resulted in high levels of the correct molecular weight protein with minimal degradation. The modified strain was designed for over-expression of eukaryotic protein with lowered protease activity. The above results have opened the way for further research that would yield valuable insight into the molecular biology and replication strategy of the NβV in cell cultures.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Luke, Gary Joseph
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Imbrasia cytherea , RNA , Viruses , DNA
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3913 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003972 , Imbrasia cytherea , RNA , Viruses , DNA
- Description: Nudaurelia beta virus (NβV) is a monopartite genome virus belonging to the family Tetraviridae. Its host range has been found to be limited to a single insect order, the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). The single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome consists of 6625 nucleotides containing two open reading frames (ORFs). The 5' proximal ORF of 5778 nucleotides encodes a protein of 215 kDa containing three functional domains characteristic of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The 3' proximal ORF, of 1836 nucleotides, encodes the 66 kDa capsid precursor protein and overlaps the replicase gene by more than 99% and is in the +1 reading frame relative to the replicase reading frame. The full-length cDNA construct of the NβV genome was assembled using a homologous overlapping PCR linking method. The starting material consisted of seven overlapping pieces that were constructed for sequencing. Due to the degradation of the full-length RNA obtained from virus extracted from field-collected Nudaurelia cytherea capensis larvae other alternative methods needed to be applied. Sub-cloning using restriction enzyme sites also required an alternative method being used, due to the abundance of restriction sites of the same type in the NβV genome. This led to the use of a method similar to "DNA Shuffling" where overlapping pieces were connected using a modified PCR protocol. After the construction of the NβV genome, the full-length PCR product was cloned and checked for large insertion and deletions that could have resulted from the PCR amplification. The heterologous expression of the NβV capsid protein linked to a fusion protein (Glutathione S-transferase) in E.coli, confirmed the authenticity of the prescribed capsid gene ORF. The expression showed that the virus protein was subjected to protease digestion in DH5α E.coli, suggesting that the protein was insoluble in the cell cytoplasm. The capsid gene expression in a modified E.coli strain, Epicurian Coli BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RIL, resulted in high levels of the correct molecular weight protein with minimal degradation. The modified strain was designed for over-expression of eukaryotic protein with lowered protease activity. The above results have opened the way for further research that would yield valuable insight into the molecular biology and replication strategy of the NβV in cell cultures.
- Full Text:
Attitudes and perceptions of marriage and divorce among Indian Muslim students
- Authors: Naidoo, Suraya
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Muslim families -- Social life and customs , Muslim students -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3289 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003077 , Muslim families -- Social life and customs , Muslim students -- Attitudes
- Description: This study explores the question of religion and ethnicity as a source of family diversity and ideology. An ideal-typical "traditional Muslim family ideology" was developed and tested. Eight Indian Muslim students at Rhodes University were asked about their attitudes and perceptions of marriage and family life, to determine the particular type of family ideology that these students embraced. Family-related issues such as marriage; the division of labour; gender roles; the extended family system; divorce; and polygamy were addressed. On the basis of the research results, it was found that these students largely adopted the "traditional Muslim family ideology". Religion and ethnicity were found to play an important role, in the make-up of these students' perception of marriage and family life, and a strong preference for the extended family was shown.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Naidoo, Suraya
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Muslim families -- Social life and customs , Muslim students -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3289 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003077 , Muslim families -- Social life and customs , Muslim students -- Attitudes
- Description: This study explores the question of religion and ethnicity as a source of family diversity and ideology. An ideal-typical "traditional Muslim family ideology" was developed and tested. Eight Indian Muslim students at Rhodes University were asked about their attitudes and perceptions of marriage and family life, to determine the particular type of family ideology that these students embraced. Family-related issues such as marriage; the division of labour; gender roles; the extended family system; divorce; and polygamy were addressed. On the basis of the research results, it was found that these students largely adopted the "traditional Muslim family ideology". Religion and ethnicity were found to play an important role, in the make-up of these students' perception of marriage and family life, and a strong preference for the extended family was shown.
- Full Text:
Bandwidth management and monitoring for IP network traffic : an investigation
- Authors: Irwin, Barry Vivian William
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: TCP/IP (Computer network protocol) , Computer networks , Electronic data processing -- Management , Computer networks -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4624 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006492 , TCP/IP (Computer network protocol) , Computer networks , Electronic data processing -- Management , Computer networks -- Management
- Description: Bandwidth management is a topic which is often discussed, but on which relatively little work has been done with regard to compiling a comprehensive set of techniques and methods for managing traffic on a network. What work has been done has concentrated on higher end networks, rather than the low bandwidth links which are commonly available in South Africa and other areas outside the United States. With more organisations increasingly making use of the Internet on a daily basis, the demand for bandwidth is outstripping the ability of providers to upgrade their infrastructure. This resource is therefore in need of management. In addition, for Internet access to become economically viable for widespread use by schools, NGOs and other academic institutions, the associated costs need to be controlled. Bandwidth management not only impacts on direct cost control, but encompasses the process of engineering a network and network resources in order to ensure the provision of as optimal a service as possible. Included in this is the provision of user education. Software has been developed for the implementation of traffic quotas, dynamic firewalling and visualisation. The research investigates various methods for monitoring and management of IP traffic with particular applicability to low bandwidth links. Several forms of visualisation for the analysis of historical and near-realtime traffic data are also discussed, including the use of three-dimensional landscapes. A number of bandwidth management practices are proposed, and the advantages of their combination, and complementary use are highlighted. By implementing these suggested policies, a holistic approach can be taken to the issue of bandwidth management on Internet links.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Irwin, Barry Vivian William
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: TCP/IP (Computer network protocol) , Computer networks , Electronic data processing -- Management , Computer networks -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4624 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006492 , TCP/IP (Computer network protocol) , Computer networks , Electronic data processing -- Management , Computer networks -- Management
- Description: Bandwidth management is a topic which is often discussed, but on which relatively little work has been done with regard to compiling a comprehensive set of techniques and methods for managing traffic on a network. What work has been done has concentrated on higher end networks, rather than the low bandwidth links which are commonly available in South Africa and other areas outside the United States. With more organisations increasingly making use of the Internet on a daily basis, the demand for bandwidth is outstripping the ability of providers to upgrade their infrastructure. This resource is therefore in need of management. In addition, for Internet access to become economically viable for widespread use by schools, NGOs and other academic institutions, the associated costs need to be controlled. Bandwidth management not only impacts on direct cost control, but encompasses the process of engineering a network and network resources in order to ensure the provision of as optimal a service as possible. Included in this is the provision of user education. Software has been developed for the implementation of traffic quotas, dynamic firewalling and visualisation. The research investigates various methods for monitoring and management of IP traffic with particular applicability to low bandwidth links. Several forms of visualisation for the analysis of historical and near-realtime traffic data are also discussed, including the use of three-dimensional landscapes. A number of bandwidth management practices are proposed, and the advantages of their combination, and complementary use are highlighted. By implementing these suggested policies, a holistic approach can be taken to the issue of bandwidth management on Internet links.
- Full Text:
Behavioural interactions of predators and spawning chokka squid off South Africa: towards quantification
- Smale, Malcolm J, Sauer, Warwick H H, Roberts, Michael J
- Authors: Smale, Malcolm J , Sauer, Warwick H H , Roberts, Michael J
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123921 , vital:35516 , https://doi.10.1007/s002270100664
- Description: The interaction of a suite of predators with mating and spawning chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) was studied at inshore (<50 m) spawning grounds off South Africa. This study provides the first detailed records of predator–prey interactions of squids on their spawning grounds and is the first attempt to time disruptions caused by predators to the egg-laying behaviour of squids, thereby quantifying the perceived threat to the prey. The squids are focused on mate choice and reproduction while they aggregate over egg beds and they may be more vulnerable to predation than at other times. Their vulnerability to different predators in the field is examined and the tactics used against different predatory species are illustrated using recordings made with underwater video cameras. Predators recorded included two cephalopods (Octopus vulgaris and L. v. reynaudii), five teleosts (Pagellus bellotii natalensis, Spondyliosoma emarginatum, Pachymetopon aeneum, Cheimerius nufar and Pomatomus saltatrix), seven chondrichthyians (Squalus megalops, Mustelus mustelus, Carcharias taurus, Dasyatis brevicaudata, Gymnura natalensis, Poroderma africanum and P. pantherinum) and three marine mammals (Arctocephalus puscillus, Tursiops aduncus and Delphinus delphis). Analysis of behavioural interactions between predators and prey showed that predator disruption of egg laying may be quantified in terms of time. Marine mammals caused the most acute disruption, whereas other taxa had more chronic disruption effects because they spent more time on the spawning grounds. During November 1995, the suite of predators changed during the course of a 2-day period of underwater video recording, possibly because of an increase in water temperature. The hypothesis that predators would be concentrated around a spawning aggregation was tested by surveying the spawning ground using an underwater camera towed by a boat navigating with differential GPS. The results supported the hypothesis because predators were located only around the spawning sites. The serial spawning of chokka squids in recently upwelled water may reduce predation pressure. Furthermore, it may be difficult for predators to predict the specific spawning site on a particular day because squids disperse away from egg beds at night and use numerous spawning sites along the coast.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Smale, Malcolm J , Sauer, Warwick H H , Roberts, Michael J
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123921 , vital:35516 , https://doi.10.1007/s002270100664
- Description: The interaction of a suite of predators with mating and spawning chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) was studied at inshore (<50 m) spawning grounds off South Africa. This study provides the first detailed records of predator–prey interactions of squids on their spawning grounds and is the first attempt to time disruptions caused by predators to the egg-laying behaviour of squids, thereby quantifying the perceived threat to the prey. The squids are focused on mate choice and reproduction while they aggregate over egg beds and they may be more vulnerable to predation than at other times. Their vulnerability to different predators in the field is examined and the tactics used against different predatory species are illustrated using recordings made with underwater video cameras. Predators recorded included two cephalopods (Octopus vulgaris and L. v. reynaudii), five teleosts (Pagellus bellotii natalensis, Spondyliosoma emarginatum, Pachymetopon aeneum, Cheimerius nufar and Pomatomus saltatrix), seven chondrichthyians (Squalus megalops, Mustelus mustelus, Carcharias taurus, Dasyatis brevicaudata, Gymnura natalensis, Poroderma africanum and P. pantherinum) and three marine mammals (Arctocephalus puscillus, Tursiops aduncus and Delphinus delphis). Analysis of behavioural interactions between predators and prey showed that predator disruption of egg laying may be quantified in terms of time. Marine mammals caused the most acute disruption, whereas other taxa had more chronic disruption effects because they spent more time on the spawning grounds. During November 1995, the suite of predators changed during the course of a 2-day period of underwater video recording, possibly because of an increase in water temperature. The hypothesis that predators would be concentrated around a spawning aggregation was tested by surveying the spawning ground using an underwater camera towed by a boat navigating with differential GPS. The results supported the hypothesis because predators were located only around the spawning sites. The serial spawning of chokka squids in recently upwelled water may reduce predation pressure. Furthermore, it may be difficult for predators to predict the specific spawning site on a particular day because squids disperse away from egg beds at night and use numerous spawning sites along the coast.
- Full Text:
Bells and bell ringers in South Africa, 1835-2000. Part I
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6164 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012352 , http://www.ringingworld.co.uk/
- Description: Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa. , The first ring of bells in Africa was installed in Grahamstown Cathedral in 1879 at the instigation of Frederick Henry Williams. Williams was Dean of Grahamstown from 1865 until his death in 1885. He was born in County Fermanagh, Ireland, not far from Enniskillen, where an octave was installed in the Cathedral when Williams was an impressionable 12-year old. Grahamstown's bells were also an octave, cast by John Warner and Sons of London. They were hung in the newly built tower, designed by the English architect, George Gilbert Scott.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6164 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012352 , http://www.ringingworld.co.uk/
- Description: Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa. , The first ring of bells in Africa was installed in Grahamstown Cathedral in 1879 at the instigation of Frederick Henry Williams. Williams was Dean of Grahamstown from 1865 until his death in 1885. He was born in County Fermanagh, Ireland, not far from Enniskillen, where an octave was installed in the Cathedral when Williams was an impressionable 12-year old. Grahamstown's bells were also an octave, cast by John Warner and Sons of London. They were hung in the newly built tower, designed by the English architect, George Gilbert Scott.
- Full Text:
Bells and bell ringers in South Africa, 1835-2000. Part II
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6165 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012353 , http://www.ringingworld.co.uk
- Description: Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6165 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012353 , http://www.ringingworld.co.uk
- Description: Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Full Text:
Beloved
- Authors: Berold, Robert
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , poem
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/461962 , vital:76255 , ISBN 0028-4459 , https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA00284459_573
- Description: New Coin is one of South Africa's most established and influential poetry journals. It publishes poetry, and poetry-related reviews, commentary and interviews. New Coin places a particular emphasis on evolving forms and experimental use of the English language in poetry in the South African context. In this sense it has traced the most exciting trends and currents in contemporary poetry in South Africa for a decade of more. The journal is published twice a year in June and December by the Institute for the Study of English in Africa (ISEA), Rhodes University.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Berold, Robert
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , poem
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/461962 , vital:76255 , ISBN 0028-4459 , https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA00284459_573
- Description: New Coin is one of South Africa's most established and influential poetry journals. It publishes poetry, and poetry-related reviews, commentary and interviews. New Coin places a particular emphasis on evolving forms and experimental use of the English language in poetry in the South African context. In this sense it has traced the most exciting trends and currents in contemporary poetry in South Africa for a decade of more. The journal is published twice a year in June and December by the Institute for the Study of English in Africa (ISEA), Rhodes University.
- Full Text:
Case studies of brain fag syndrome in South Africa
- Authors: Finnemore, Gerard le Cornu
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Brain fag syndrome , Brain -- Diseases
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2977 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002486 , Brain fag syndrome , Brain -- Diseases
- Description: Against the background of culture bound syndromes and the universalism/relativism debate, this research set out to investigate the diagnosis of brain fag syndrome by examining case studies in a South African context. Diagnostic criteria were identified by way of an analysis of the symptoms reported by a convenience sample of 20 black students experiencing problems related to study. In-depth case studies were conducted with three of the participants from the sample who most thoroughly met the criteria for brain fag syndrome. In a comparison between the brain fag diagnoses and the DSM-IV diagnoses, it was established that while the DSM-IV was not without merit in a cross cultural context, cultural differences were found which suggested the usefulness of the brain fag syndrome diagnosis. A speculative statement on the universalism/relativism debate was proposed based on the principle of complementarity derived from Quantum physics.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Finnemore, Gerard le Cornu
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Brain fag syndrome , Brain -- Diseases
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2977 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002486 , Brain fag syndrome , Brain -- Diseases
- Description: Against the background of culture bound syndromes and the universalism/relativism debate, this research set out to investigate the diagnosis of brain fag syndrome by examining case studies in a South African context. Diagnostic criteria were identified by way of an analysis of the symptoms reported by a convenience sample of 20 black students experiencing problems related to study. In-depth case studies were conducted with three of the participants from the sample who most thoroughly met the criteria for brain fag syndrome. In a comparison between the brain fag diagnoses and the DSM-IV diagnoses, it was established that while the DSM-IV was not without merit in a cross cultural context, cultural differences were found which suggested the usefulness of the brain fag syndrome diagnosis. A speculative statement on the universalism/relativism debate was proposed based on the principle of complementarity derived from Quantum physics.
- Full Text:
Challenges facing a community structure to implement CBNRM in the Eastern Cape, South Africa:
- Cocks, Michelle L, Dold, Anthony P, Grundy, Isla
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P , Grundy, Isla
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141416 , vital:37970 , http://asq.africa.ufl.edu/files/Cocks-Dold-Grundy-Vol-5-Issue-3.pdf
- Description: In most developing countries, community based natural resource management (CBNRM) initiatives have been adopted in an attempt to address the issue of environmental sustainability. This has largely come about due to an increasing recognition of the ineffectiveness of the state to achieve such sustainability. Within the South African context, recent policies have been drafted that aim to achieve these outcomes, which strongly articulate the need for the participation of local people in the management of natural resources both within communal areas and on state-owned land. The objectives of new policies, however, are not being met in the Eastern Cape of South Africa for the following key reasons: the insufficient recognition of the impact of past historical and political upheavals experienced within the former homelands’ situation; the government’s inability to process land applications; the government’s lack of ability and capacity to implement these policies; and frustratingly high levels of hierarchy at both the local and national level. The Masakane community, a group of former farm workers from the former Ciskei homeland in South Africa, are attempting to implement CBNRM initiatives. The Masakane case study reveals the urgent need to develop, implement and enforce new institutional and managerial arrangements, because without such arrangements state policies are unlikely to be implemented at the grassroots level.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P , Grundy, Isla
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141416 , vital:37970 , http://asq.africa.ufl.edu/files/Cocks-Dold-Grundy-Vol-5-Issue-3.pdf
- Description: In most developing countries, community based natural resource management (CBNRM) initiatives have been adopted in an attempt to address the issue of environmental sustainability. This has largely come about due to an increasing recognition of the ineffectiveness of the state to achieve such sustainability. Within the South African context, recent policies have been drafted that aim to achieve these outcomes, which strongly articulate the need for the participation of local people in the management of natural resources both within communal areas and on state-owned land. The objectives of new policies, however, are not being met in the Eastern Cape of South Africa for the following key reasons: the insufficient recognition of the impact of past historical and political upheavals experienced within the former homelands’ situation; the government’s inability to process land applications; the government’s lack of ability and capacity to implement these policies; and frustratingly high levels of hierarchy at both the local and national level. The Masakane community, a group of former farm workers from the former Ciskei homeland in South Africa, are attempting to implement CBNRM initiatives. The Masakane case study reveals the urgent need to develop, implement and enforce new institutional and managerial arrangements, because without such arrangements state policies are unlikely to be implemented at the grassroots level.
- Full Text:
Challenges facing probation officers working with young persons in conflict with the law
- Authors: Volsak, Nobubele
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Probation officers Probation officers -- Attitudes -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Juvenile delinquents Probation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:710 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006534
- Description: This study aimed at focusing on the challenges facing probation officers working with young persons in conflict with the law, in the Eastern region, which forms part of the Eastern Cape Province. The main purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of probation officers in terms of the legislation that they are using when making decisions pertaining to young persons and the types of programmes that they offer to young persons for diversion and prevention purposes. The researcher also wanted to generate a greater understanding of the resources which probation officers have and need in order to run their programmes successfully to young persons, as well as to explore their feelings about working with young persons. The researcher did some literature review in relation to this field, where it became evident that probation services in respect of young persons in conflict with the law, is a relatively new field of specialisation in South Africa. This field started around 1995 as a result of the Inter - Ministerial Committee (IMC) on young people at risk, which was set up to respond and manage the crisis of more than one thousand children who were released from prisons and police cells. The IMC then, identified probation officers as leading role players in dealing with young persons in conflict with the law. An exploratory (non - experimental) design was used to carry out the research. A qualitative research method was also used as it attempts to describe and explain social reality from the points of view of the participants. This is because the researcher was interested to find out the experiences of probation officers in relation to their work with young persons. A non - probability purposive sample of all (11) probation officers was used. A semi - structured interview schedule with both closed and open - ended questions was used to collect data. All the information gathered from those personal interviews, was analysed by hand because the researcher wanted to interpret and produce social explanations. The findings of this small - scale study have revealed that there are a number of challenges facing probation officers. For example presently there is no comprehensive legislation for the management of young persons caught up in the criminal justice system. Instead, limited provisions are spread throughout a number of separate statutes, which make it difficult for probation officers to apply them. This study has also revealed that there is a shortage of human and material resources, which somehow impact negatively on how probation officers render services to their clientele. All probation officers in this study have positive feelings and attitudes about their work despite the fact that there are some challenges facing them that need to be addressed. Specific recommendations have been made based on the findings of this study, which could contribute to the development of probation services in respect of young persons in conf lict with the law
- Full Text:
- Authors: Volsak, Nobubele
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Probation officers Probation officers -- Attitudes -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Juvenile delinquents Probation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:710 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006534
- Description: This study aimed at focusing on the challenges facing probation officers working with young persons in conflict with the law, in the Eastern region, which forms part of the Eastern Cape Province. The main purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of probation officers in terms of the legislation that they are using when making decisions pertaining to young persons and the types of programmes that they offer to young persons for diversion and prevention purposes. The researcher also wanted to generate a greater understanding of the resources which probation officers have and need in order to run their programmes successfully to young persons, as well as to explore their feelings about working with young persons. The researcher did some literature review in relation to this field, where it became evident that probation services in respect of young persons in conflict with the law, is a relatively new field of specialisation in South Africa. This field started around 1995 as a result of the Inter - Ministerial Committee (IMC) on young people at risk, which was set up to respond and manage the crisis of more than one thousand children who were released from prisons and police cells. The IMC then, identified probation officers as leading role players in dealing with young persons in conflict with the law. An exploratory (non - experimental) design was used to carry out the research. A qualitative research method was also used as it attempts to describe and explain social reality from the points of view of the participants. This is because the researcher was interested to find out the experiences of probation officers in relation to their work with young persons. A non - probability purposive sample of all (11) probation officers was used. A semi - structured interview schedule with both closed and open - ended questions was used to collect data. All the information gathered from those personal interviews, was analysed by hand because the researcher wanted to interpret and produce social explanations. The findings of this small - scale study have revealed that there are a number of challenges facing probation officers. For example presently there is no comprehensive legislation for the management of young persons caught up in the criminal justice system. Instead, limited provisions are spread throughout a number of separate statutes, which make it difficult for probation officers to apply them. This study has also revealed that there is a shortage of human and material resources, which somehow impact negatively on how probation officers render services to their clientele. All probation officers in this study have positive feelings and attitudes about their work despite the fact that there are some challenges facing them that need to be addressed. Specific recommendations have been made based on the findings of this study, which could contribute to the development of probation services in respect of young persons in conf lict with the law
- Full Text:
Changes in the abundance of cells in the anterior pituitary gland and the possible roles of luteinizing hormone, prolactin and progesterone in the control of delayed implantation in the straw-coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum)
- Simbauni, J A, Bernard, Ric T F
- Authors: Simbauni, J A , Bernard, Ric T F
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/447131 , vital:74586 , https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2001.11657115
- Description: Eidolon helvum (Megachiroptera) is a large frugivorous bat found in equatorial and tropical Africa. The reproductive cycle is characterized by a three-month period of delayed implantation and the total length of pregnancy may be as much as 10 months. A histochemical study of the gonadotrophs and mammotrophs of the anterior pituitary, in conjunction with assays of LH-like, progesterone-like and prolactin-like immunoreactivity in the plasma suggest that during delayed implantation the gonadotrophs were inactive while the mammotrophs were active and plasma PRL-like immunoreactivity high. We interpret this as indicating that, in the straw-coloured fruit bat, implantation was inhibited by high levels of prolactin and, as such, the endocrine control of delayed implantation may be quite different from that described for other mammals.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Simbauni, J A , Bernard, Ric T F
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/447131 , vital:74586 , https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2001.11657115
- Description: Eidolon helvum (Megachiroptera) is a large frugivorous bat found in equatorial and tropical Africa. The reproductive cycle is characterized by a three-month period of delayed implantation and the total length of pregnancy may be as much as 10 months. A histochemical study of the gonadotrophs and mammotrophs of the anterior pituitary, in conjunction with assays of LH-like, progesterone-like and prolactin-like immunoreactivity in the plasma suggest that during delayed implantation the gonadotrophs were inactive while the mammotrophs were active and plasma PRL-like immunoreactivity high. We interpret this as indicating that, in the straw-coloured fruit bat, implantation was inhibited by high levels of prolactin and, as such, the endocrine control of delayed implantation may be quite different from that described for other mammals.
- Full Text:
Chemical studies of chromone derivatives
- Authors: Sabbagh, Liezel Veronica
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Benzopyrans Heterocyclic compounds -- Derivatives Coumarins
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4424 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006899
- Description:
This study has focussed on several aspects of chromone chemistry, viz., (i) the influence of remote substituents on the basicity of 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)chromones, (ii) MoritaBaylis-Hillman reactions of substituted chromone-3-carbaldehydes and (iii) an investigation into the application of chromone chemistry in the total synthesis of the marine natural product, Rietone A. Selected 2-(N,N-dimethylamino )chromones were prepared using two different methods; firstly, via cyclisation of salicylate-derived N,N-dimethyl-3;.(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3- oxopropanamide precursors and, secondly, via 2-hydroxyacetophenone boron difluoride complexes. ¹³C NMR analysis of the 6- and 7-methoxy-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)chromones confirmed that protonation occurs at the chromone carbonyl oxygen rather than the amino nitrogen - a conclusion supported by mol~cular orbital calculations. Potentiometric analysis of 2-(N,N-dimethylamino )chromones in ethanol-water afforded pKa (pK [subscript a]) values in the range 2.22 - 2.52. The observed trend has been rationalised in terms of substituent effects with the aid of molecular orbital calculations at the semi-empirical and ab initio levels, while hydrogen-bonding effects have been used to account for the apparently anomalous result obtained for the 6-nitro derivative. A series of seven substituted chromone-3-carbaldehydes, prepared by the application of Vilsmeier-Haack methodology to the corresponding 2-hydroxyacetophenones, have been examined as substrates for Morita-Baylis-Hillman reactions, using DABCO as the catalyst and three different activated alkenes, viz., methyl acrylate, methyl vinyl ketone and acrylonitrile. In all cases, with the exception of 6-nitrochromone-3-carbaldehyde, the reactions have been shown to afford the expected Morita-Baylis-Hillman products. Use of methyl acrylate and methyl vinyl ketone as the activated alkene has been observed to afford additional, unprecedented dimeric products, which have been unambiguously characterised using a combination of single crystal X-ray analysis and spectroscopic (high resolution MS and NMR) techniques. Different dimer-like adducts have been isolated from reactions in which acrylonitrile was used as the activated alkene, and the structures of these novel products have-been determined
- Full Text:
- Authors: Sabbagh, Liezel Veronica
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Benzopyrans Heterocyclic compounds -- Derivatives Coumarins
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4424 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006899
- Description:
This study has focussed on several aspects of chromone chemistry, viz., (i) the influence of remote substituents on the basicity of 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)chromones, (ii) MoritaBaylis-Hillman reactions of substituted chromone-3-carbaldehydes and (iii) an investigation into the application of chromone chemistry in the total synthesis of the marine natural product, Rietone A. Selected 2-(N,N-dimethylamino )chromones were prepared using two different methods; firstly, via cyclisation of salicylate-derived N,N-dimethyl-3;.(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3- oxopropanamide precursors and, secondly, via 2-hydroxyacetophenone boron difluoride complexes. ¹³C NMR analysis of the 6- and 7-methoxy-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)chromones confirmed that protonation occurs at the chromone carbonyl oxygen rather than the amino nitrogen - a conclusion supported by mol~cular orbital calculations. Potentiometric analysis of 2-(N,N-dimethylamino )chromones in ethanol-water afforded pKa (pK [subscript a]) values in the range 2.22 - 2.52. The observed trend has been rationalised in terms of substituent effects with the aid of molecular orbital calculations at the semi-empirical and ab initio levels, while hydrogen-bonding effects have been used to account for the apparently anomalous result obtained for the 6-nitro derivative. A series of seven substituted chromone-3-carbaldehydes, prepared by the application of Vilsmeier-Haack methodology to the corresponding 2-hydroxyacetophenones, have been examined as substrates for Morita-Baylis-Hillman reactions, using DABCO as the catalyst and three different activated alkenes, viz., methyl acrylate, methyl vinyl ketone and acrylonitrile. In all cases, with the exception of 6-nitrochromone-3-carbaldehyde, the reactions have been shown to afford the expected Morita-Baylis-Hillman products. Use of methyl acrylate and methyl vinyl ketone as the activated alkene has been observed to afford additional, unprecedented dimeric products, which have been unambiguously characterised using a combination of single crystal X-ray analysis and spectroscopic (high resolution MS and NMR) techniques. Different dimer-like adducts have been isolated from reactions in which acrylonitrile was used as the activated alkene, and the structures of these novel products have-been determined
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Clustering as a strategy for manufacturing performance in the Eastern Cape Automotive industry
- Makuwaza, Gwynneth Chandakaita
- Authors: Makuwaza, Gwynneth Chandakaita
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Automobile industry and trade , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Performance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:937 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002670 , Automobile industry and trade , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Performance
- Description: South Africa's current industrial policy focuses on the economy at two levels: a sectoral and spatial level. The former relates to the manner in which industrial policy is concentrating on particular sectors i.e. industrial clusters. This shift in industrial policy from targeting individual industries to an emphasis on industrial clusters, has complemented the change in focus to export promotion under trade policy. Furthermore, there has been increasing recognition of the need to improve industry performance and competitiveness in order to successfully implement export growth. Industry clusters are considered as having the potential to increase manufacturing performance and can provide the basis for sustainable competitive advantage for nations. Consequently the concept of industry clusters was introduced in South Africa in 1997. Because industry clusters are relatively new in South Africa, most of the cluster initiatives in various sectors of the economy are in their early stages of development. Nevertheless, some are already showing signs of potential success in increasing competitiveness in particular sectors. This thesis uses Porter's "diamond" framework apprdach to investigate whether clustering has improved the manufacturing performance of the motor industry in the Eastern Cape. International experience from both developed and developing countries will illustrate the potential of clustering as a powerful strategy in increasing manufacturing performance and consequently competitiveness. Ultimately this should lead to long-term economic development, especially if government adopts clusterbased economic development policies. Information from a survey conducted on both the motor vehicle assemblers and component suppliers is used in this study. The findings reveal that it is mainly the motor vehicle assemblers who have experienced some improvements in manufacturing performance. The components sector on the other hand has not experienced any such improvements. This thesis concludes with the recommendation that it is important to develop cluster policy as a broader and dynamic view of competition. The main emphasis under such policy would be a move from targeting particular industries and providing subsidies towards focusing attention to all clusters in the economy. To effectively apply such a policy requires the repositioning of national, local and provincial government in order to become more involved in regional development issues. Moreover, the various levels of government need to incorporate cluster policy into their competitive strategies.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Makuwaza, Gwynneth Chandakaita
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Automobile industry and trade , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Performance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:937 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002670 , Automobile industry and trade , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Automobile industry and trade -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Performance
- Description: South Africa's current industrial policy focuses on the economy at two levels: a sectoral and spatial level. The former relates to the manner in which industrial policy is concentrating on particular sectors i.e. industrial clusters. This shift in industrial policy from targeting individual industries to an emphasis on industrial clusters, has complemented the change in focus to export promotion under trade policy. Furthermore, there has been increasing recognition of the need to improve industry performance and competitiveness in order to successfully implement export growth. Industry clusters are considered as having the potential to increase manufacturing performance and can provide the basis for sustainable competitive advantage for nations. Consequently the concept of industry clusters was introduced in South Africa in 1997. Because industry clusters are relatively new in South Africa, most of the cluster initiatives in various sectors of the economy are in their early stages of development. Nevertheless, some are already showing signs of potential success in increasing competitiveness in particular sectors. This thesis uses Porter's "diamond" framework apprdach to investigate whether clustering has improved the manufacturing performance of the motor industry in the Eastern Cape. International experience from both developed and developing countries will illustrate the potential of clustering as a powerful strategy in increasing manufacturing performance and consequently competitiveness. Ultimately this should lead to long-term economic development, especially if government adopts clusterbased economic development policies. Information from a survey conducted on both the motor vehicle assemblers and component suppliers is used in this study. The findings reveal that it is mainly the motor vehicle assemblers who have experienced some improvements in manufacturing performance. The components sector on the other hand has not experienced any such improvements. This thesis concludes with the recommendation that it is important to develop cluster policy as a broader and dynamic view of competition. The main emphasis under such policy would be a move from targeting particular industries and providing subsidies towards focusing attention to all clusters in the economy. To effectively apply such a policy requires the repositioning of national, local and provincial government in order to become more involved in regional development issues. Moreover, the various levels of government need to incorporate cluster policy into their competitive strategies.
- Full Text: