Restoring democratic governance in Zimbabwe: a critical investigation of the internet as a possible means of creating new sites of struggle for positive democratic change by Zimbabwean media and activists in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Vennard, Francisca Caroline
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Zimbabwe -- Politics and government -- 1980- , Internet in publicity , Press and politics -- Zimbabwe , Freedom of the press -- Zimbabwe , Digital media
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2837 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003047 , Zimbabwe -- Politics and government -- 1980- , Internet in publicity , Press and politics -- Zimbabwe , Freedom of the press -- Zimbabwe , Digital media
- Description: This thesis is a reaction to the state of utter lawlessness and the abuse of human rights by those in power in Zimbabwe over the past two years and it investigates the possibility of restoring democratic governance in that country by increasing the freedom of expression and media freedom, which is considered to be one of the most valuable elements in advancing democratization. Its aim is to establish the Internet as the best means possible to increasing media freedom and creating new ‘sites of struggle’ for activists in a context where the substantive freedom of expression does not exist. This in turn is shown to advance levels of democracy. To this end, the value of the freedom of expression to media freedom and the value of the latter to increasing levels of democracy is developed and the lack of democracy in Zimbabwe at all levels of society is considered. The Internet is seen to increase the freedoms of speech and association in new and interesting ways and it is discussed in various examples in which it has already been instrumental in evading the censorship of the media and increasing the ability of activists to express themselves freely and to organize more efficiently. Finally, the resources that Internet technology makes available to African journalists and activists are considered along with lessons gleaned from international examples of successful Internet use and it is shown to already be of use to Zimbabwean journalists and activists as they create to new cyberspaces in which they can struggle for positive democratic change in Zimbabwe. The Internet is also shown to have tremendous potential for future use in that country.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Vennard, Francisca Caroline
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Zimbabwe -- Politics and government -- 1980- , Internet in publicity , Press and politics -- Zimbabwe , Freedom of the press -- Zimbabwe , Digital media
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2837 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003047 , Zimbabwe -- Politics and government -- 1980- , Internet in publicity , Press and politics -- Zimbabwe , Freedom of the press -- Zimbabwe , Digital media
- Description: This thesis is a reaction to the state of utter lawlessness and the abuse of human rights by those in power in Zimbabwe over the past two years and it investigates the possibility of restoring democratic governance in that country by increasing the freedom of expression and media freedom, which is considered to be one of the most valuable elements in advancing democratization. Its aim is to establish the Internet as the best means possible to increasing media freedom and creating new ‘sites of struggle’ for activists in a context where the substantive freedom of expression does not exist. This in turn is shown to advance levels of democracy. To this end, the value of the freedom of expression to media freedom and the value of the latter to increasing levels of democracy is developed and the lack of democracy in Zimbabwe at all levels of society is considered. The Internet is seen to increase the freedoms of speech and association in new and interesting ways and it is discussed in various examples in which it has already been instrumental in evading the censorship of the media and increasing the ability of activists to express themselves freely and to organize more efficiently. Finally, the resources that Internet technology makes available to African journalists and activists are considered along with lessons gleaned from international examples of successful Internet use and it is shown to already be of use to Zimbabwean journalists and activists as they create to new cyberspaces in which they can struggle for positive democratic change in Zimbabwe. The Internet is also shown to have tremendous potential for future use in that country.
- Full Text:
Rhodes University Graduation Ceremony 2002
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8145 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007267
- Description: Rhodes University Graduation Ceremonies 1820 Settlers National Monument Friday, 5 April 2002 at 10:30; 14:30 & 18:00 [and] Saturday, 6 April 2002 at 10:30 , Graduation Ceremony Christian Centre, Wyse Street, East London Friday, 10 May 2002 at 18:00
- Full Text:
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8145 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007267
- Description: Rhodes University Graduation Ceremonies 1820 Settlers National Monument Friday, 5 April 2002 at 10:30; 14:30 & 18:00 [and] Saturday, 6 April 2002 at 10:30 , Graduation Ceremony Christian Centre, Wyse Street, East London Friday, 10 May 2002 at 18:00
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Rhodes University Research Report 2002
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:557 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011943
- Description: [From Introduction] This is the first formal research report published by Rhodes University in this format. Each Department’s/Faculty’s highlights have been included as provided by the Head of Department as well as the research outputs produced. In addition, a table of provisional subsidy units earned by each Department/Faculty have been included as there is often a misconception that one journal article equates to one subsidy unit. This is the case if all the authors are from Rhodes University but where joint articles are written, a pro-rata share is calculated. Likewise due to the complex funding formula calculated by the Department of Education, the total research outputs produced do not equate directly to the subsidisable units. Please note that "in press" articles in 2001 but published in 2002 have already been claimed in 2001 and hence will not appear in the table but are recorded in the report. Articles that have been submitted for possible publication have not been included in the table nor the report as there is no way of proving that the articles have been accepted for publication by the time our submission to the Department of Education was audited. Also please note that subsidy units earned for book/chapter/patent/conference proceedings publications are not included in the subsidy unit tables since we receive no feedback from the Department of Education in terms of which books/chapters/patents/proceedings are finally accepted for subsidy purposes each year. Only a small fraction of such books, chapters, patents and proceedings which are submitted actually receive subsidy. I would like to stress the need to publish in subsidisable journals and submit accurate information so that the University can claim as many units as possible. The total audited (but not yet awarded) publication subsidy units for journal articles which have been submitted to the Department of Education for 2002 is 206.64 units. The average number of units awarded for the past three years (1999-2001) was 205.35 units. Based on past performance, the University can expect to earn an additional ±11.85 subsidy units for book, chapters, patents and proceedings publications in 2002. Publications in current non-subsidy earning journals in 2002 amounted to 16.00 units. These have been forwarded to the Department of Education for consideration for subsidy purposes. Finally, I would like to add my congratulations to that of the Vice-Chancellor to all staff and postgraduate students for their research efforts in 2002.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:557 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011943
- Description: [From Introduction] This is the first formal research report published by Rhodes University in this format. Each Department’s/Faculty’s highlights have been included as provided by the Head of Department as well as the research outputs produced. In addition, a table of provisional subsidy units earned by each Department/Faculty have been included as there is often a misconception that one journal article equates to one subsidy unit. This is the case if all the authors are from Rhodes University but where joint articles are written, a pro-rata share is calculated. Likewise due to the complex funding formula calculated by the Department of Education, the total research outputs produced do not equate directly to the subsidisable units. Please note that "in press" articles in 2001 but published in 2002 have already been claimed in 2001 and hence will not appear in the table but are recorded in the report. Articles that have been submitted for possible publication have not been included in the table nor the report as there is no way of proving that the articles have been accepted for publication by the time our submission to the Department of Education was audited. Also please note that subsidy units earned for book/chapter/patent/conference proceedings publications are not included in the subsidy unit tables since we receive no feedback from the Department of Education in terms of which books/chapters/patents/proceedings are finally accepted for subsidy purposes each year. Only a small fraction of such books, chapters, patents and proceedings which are submitted actually receive subsidy. I would like to stress the need to publish in subsidisable journals and submit accurate information so that the University can claim as many units as possible. The total audited (but not yet awarded) publication subsidy units for journal articles which have been submitted to the Department of Education for 2002 is 206.64 units. The average number of units awarded for the past three years (1999-2001) was 205.35 units. Based on past performance, the University can expect to earn an additional ±11.85 subsidy units for book, chapters, patents and proceedings publications in 2002. Publications in current non-subsidy earning journals in 2002 amounted to 16.00 units. These have been forwarded to the Department of Education for consideration for subsidy purposes. Finally, I would like to add my congratulations to that of the Vice-Chancellor to all staff and postgraduate students for their research efforts in 2002.
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Rumours of war : de-constructing media discourses of HIV/AIDS in South Africa
- Authors: Connelly, Mark
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa AIDS (Disease) in mass media
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3177 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007844
- Description: This paper explores discourses of HIV/AIDS evident in a South African daily newspaper from 1985 to 2000, and discusses the implications of these in terms of the way in which HIV/AIDS is constructed in society. In this paper I utilize a Foucauldian analysis of the relationship between power and knowledge. The discursive framework of the war against HIV/AIDS is used to show how different groups of subjects are positioned in relations of power. Within this the power of western science and medicine is influential and supports and informs other discourses of HIV/AIDS. I argue that the discursive framework constructing HIV/AIDS as a war does far more than provide a useful vehicle within which HIV/AIDS can be understood as it supports certain institutions and groups of people above others. The paper concludes by identifying the silenced voices of women and dissidents, and calling for greater reflection concerning the critical analysis of current issues surrounding HIV/AIDS.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Connelly, Mark
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa AIDS (Disease) in mass media
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3177 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007844
- Description: This paper explores discourses of HIV/AIDS evident in a South African daily newspaper from 1985 to 2000, and discusses the implications of these in terms of the way in which HIV/AIDS is constructed in society. In this paper I utilize a Foucauldian analysis of the relationship between power and knowledge. The discursive framework of the war against HIV/AIDS is used to show how different groups of subjects are positioned in relations of power. Within this the power of western science and medicine is influential and supports and informs other discourses of HIV/AIDS. I argue that the discursive framework constructing HIV/AIDS as a war does far more than provide a useful vehicle within which HIV/AIDS can be understood as it supports certain institutions and groups of people above others. The paper concludes by identifying the silenced voices of women and dissidents, and calling for greater reflection concerning the critical analysis of current issues surrounding HIV/AIDS.
- Full Text:
Science for all - myth or reality?: a research project
- Authors: Valiathazhel, James Daniel
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Science -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Motion -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Physics -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Competency-based education -- South Africa Educational change -- South Africa Technical institutes -- South Africa Technical education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1847 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004391
- Description: Abstract: Transformation at a historically disadvantaged technikon in South Africa : a research project: South Africa is in the seventh year of democracy. During the first term of office, the ANC government proposed radical shift from the system(s) of education that was/were in existence in this country. A change in the education system in South Africa was inevitable. The ANC government have realised the need and proposed plans for a change in the education system in this country. We might be able to overcome the inequalities of the past and have an education system relevant for all South Africans that promote an equal opportunity for success as envisaged by Outcomes Based Education (OBE). This research project, using a qualitative case study methodology, reports on the readiness of Border Technikon in implementing Outcomes Based Education (OBE) as a teaching/lecturing strategy. Since 1998 Border Technikon organised a series of staff training workshops to empower the academic staff in Outcomes Based Education. A preliminary study on the topic was conducted during 1999, in which questionnaires (to 16 academic staff) and semi-structured interviews (with three academic staff) were used to collect data. During 2000, when the second and final round of this study was conducted semistructured interviews were employed with 4 staff members to gather data. Literature review and document analysis was also part of the research. The analysis of data indicated that the very nature of most of the Technikon Programmes demands an OBE approach in teaching/lecturing and hence OBE based teaching/lecturing is largely practised at Border Technikon. However a few areas of concerns were identified. Some of these concerns were: (i) Technikon employed academic staff (from industry, etc...) with no professional qualification in teaching and it was difficult to provide OBE training to such people and (ii) lack of sufficient support from the Technikon Management might be a cause for the poor attendance of academic staff during the training programme. Another aspect emerged from the data analysis was that all academic staff participated in this study expressed the need for further training in OBE and related topics. Abstract: Science for all - myth or reality?: Different educational projects around the world have made Scientific Literacy a world-wide concern. This study through a literature review shows that Scientific Literacy is a term that has many definitions and interpretations. This literature review reveals that, in the present system Science for All is a myth for various reasons. Governments around the world in general, and South Africa in particular, are in the process of introducing different projects such as the Year of Science and Technology (YEAST), science week and science exhibitions for the purpose of popularising science and technology. The Department of Education in Thailand has modified its education system to accommodate Science for All. In this literature review among other issues the status quo in South African science education and the Thailand model were examined. A few recommendations to achieve Science for All are also included in this project. Abstract: Developing and evaluating the use of learning material in science - a constructivist approach towards learning Newton's laws : a research project: The Government of National Unity in 1994 introduced a new educational policy for South Africa. This represented a shift in paradigm from a transmission mode of teaching and learning to a learner-centred education. The shift marks a transformation from a content-based curriculum to an Outcomes Based Education (OBE). Various authors found that different sections in the Physical Science syllabus in South Africa are often misunderstood by students for different reasons. One of the reasons was that students had their own ideas about laws of nature and these (mis)conceptions were resistant to change. From the literature and from the author's personal experience it was found that Bodies in Motion is a topic that is difficult to conceptualise by students of different age groups. The challenge facing educators is how to tackle this issue. In this research project a diagnostic test is developed and used to identify the topics where students have conceptual problems. To address these problem areas further, concept sheets/work sheets where developed and implemented. The different challenges and tasks given in the work sheets/learning material are organised in such a way as to make the students aware of their own ideas about Bodies in Motion in general and the key-concepts in particular and also to make them aware of the ideas of their peers (group members). It was also aimed at offering the learners the scientific alternative to their own beliefs. At the end, it was discovered that, even though the general understanding of the learners has improved in this topic (namely, Bodies in Motion), their original beliefs were largely unaffected. It is the hope of the researcher that the project would be the basis for further research on the development of learning material in science.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Valiathazhel, James Daniel
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Science -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Motion -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Physics -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Competency-based education -- South Africa Educational change -- South Africa Technical institutes -- South Africa Technical education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1847 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004391
- Description: Abstract: Transformation at a historically disadvantaged technikon in South Africa : a research project: South Africa is in the seventh year of democracy. During the first term of office, the ANC government proposed radical shift from the system(s) of education that was/were in existence in this country. A change in the education system in South Africa was inevitable. The ANC government have realised the need and proposed plans for a change in the education system in this country. We might be able to overcome the inequalities of the past and have an education system relevant for all South Africans that promote an equal opportunity for success as envisaged by Outcomes Based Education (OBE). This research project, using a qualitative case study methodology, reports on the readiness of Border Technikon in implementing Outcomes Based Education (OBE) as a teaching/lecturing strategy. Since 1998 Border Technikon organised a series of staff training workshops to empower the academic staff in Outcomes Based Education. A preliminary study on the topic was conducted during 1999, in which questionnaires (to 16 academic staff) and semi-structured interviews (with three academic staff) were used to collect data. During 2000, when the second and final round of this study was conducted semistructured interviews were employed with 4 staff members to gather data. Literature review and document analysis was also part of the research. The analysis of data indicated that the very nature of most of the Technikon Programmes demands an OBE approach in teaching/lecturing and hence OBE based teaching/lecturing is largely practised at Border Technikon. However a few areas of concerns were identified. Some of these concerns were: (i) Technikon employed academic staff (from industry, etc...) with no professional qualification in teaching and it was difficult to provide OBE training to such people and (ii) lack of sufficient support from the Technikon Management might be a cause for the poor attendance of academic staff during the training programme. Another aspect emerged from the data analysis was that all academic staff participated in this study expressed the need for further training in OBE and related topics. Abstract: Science for all - myth or reality?: Different educational projects around the world have made Scientific Literacy a world-wide concern. This study through a literature review shows that Scientific Literacy is a term that has many definitions and interpretations. This literature review reveals that, in the present system Science for All is a myth for various reasons. Governments around the world in general, and South Africa in particular, are in the process of introducing different projects such as the Year of Science and Technology (YEAST), science week and science exhibitions for the purpose of popularising science and technology. The Department of Education in Thailand has modified its education system to accommodate Science for All. In this literature review among other issues the status quo in South African science education and the Thailand model were examined. A few recommendations to achieve Science for All are also included in this project. Abstract: Developing and evaluating the use of learning material in science - a constructivist approach towards learning Newton's laws : a research project: The Government of National Unity in 1994 introduced a new educational policy for South Africa. This represented a shift in paradigm from a transmission mode of teaching and learning to a learner-centred education. The shift marks a transformation from a content-based curriculum to an Outcomes Based Education (OBE). Various authors found that different sections in the Physical Science syllabus in South Africa are often misunderstood by students for different reasons. One of the reasons was that students had their own ideas about laws of nature and these (mis)conceptions were resistant to change. From the literature and from the author's personal experience it was found that Bodies in Motion is a topic that is difficult to conceptualise by students of different age groups. The challenge facing educators is how to tackle this issue. In this research project a diagnostic test is developed and used to identify the topics where students have conceptual problems. To address these problem areas further, concept sheets/work sheets where developed and implemented. The different challenges and tasks given in the work sheets/learning material are organised in such a way as to make the students aware of their own ideas about Bodies in Motion in general and the key-concepts in particular and also to make them aware of the ideas of their peers (group members). It was also aimed at offering the learners the scientific alternative to their own beliefs. At the end, it was discovered that, even though the general understanding of the learners has improved in this topic (namely, Bodies in Motion), their original beliefs were largely unaffected. It is the hope of the researcher that the project would be the basis for further research on the development of learning material in science.
- Full Text:
Secretariate report - Mobilise and invest for a sustainable cadre development
- NUM
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: NUM
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149517 , vital:38860
- Description: Three years ago this Province under the banner of the Western Cape National Union of Mineworkers gathered in this constitutional structure, the Regional conference under the slogan “Develop Leadership to Advance Socialism”. That conference then declared and adopted a comprehensive programme of action to take forward that Regional conference declaration. That the regional committee should and within the broad framework of the declaration ensure that the NUM in a regional context fight for better working conditions of our members. That the RC develops concrete programmes for the broader structures and membership to understand and ultimately be implemented at those levels. This conference has to deal with the assessment of the progress made during this period under review. Within the context of contestation forward mobility is ensured that seeks to help build the working class leadership which is ultimately or essentially political leadership. Worker control is one of the key founding principles of our union which will be better understood and implemented when we are to begin to find synergy between the worker leadership and the intellectual capacity within our organisation. This report will deal with the different chapters as identified. This report will also deal with our participation in COSATU structures as well as lack of cohesiveness between branch leaders and general membership and also the possible fear to engage. We will also try and attempt to discuss the lack of information flow from our structures to the broader membership. As we engage this report, let us try to use our organisational tools to resolve the problems facing our region and in particular the branches and as a result find suitable solutions to build and strengthen the organisation.
- Full Text:
- Authors: NUM
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: NUM
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149517 , vital:38860
- Description: Three years ago this Province under the banner of the Western Cape National Union of Mineworkers gathered in this constitutional structure, the Regional conference under the slogan “Develop Leadership to Advance Socialism”. That conference then declared and adopted a comprehensive programme of action to take forward that Regional conference declaration. That the regional committee should and within the broad framework of the declaration ensure that the NUM in a regional context fight for better working conditions of our members. That the RC develops concrete programmes for the broader structures and membership to understand and ultimately be implemented at those levels. This conference has to deal with the assessment of the progress made during this period under review. Within the context of contestation forward mobility is ensured that seeks to help build the working class leadership which is ultimately or essentially political leadership. Worker control is one of the key founding principles of our union which will be better understood and implemented when we are to begin to find synergy between the worker leadership and the intellectual capacity within our organisation. This report will deal with the different chapters as identified. This report will also deal with our participation in COSATU structures as well as lack of cohesiveness between branch leaders and general membership and also the possible fear to engage. We will also try and attempt to discuss the lack of information flow from our structures to the broader membership. As we engage this report, let us try to use our organisational tools to resolve the problems facing our region and in particular the branches and as a result find suitable solutions to build and strengthen the organisation.
- Full Text:
Self-respecting practical reason: an analysis of self-respect and its implications for practical reason
- Authors: Roberts, Deborah Joan
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Williams, Bernard Arthur Owen -- Ethics , Ethics, Modern -- 20th century , Self-esteem
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2719 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002849 , Williams, Bernard Arthur Owen -- Ethics , Ethics, Modern -- 20th century , Self-esteem
- Description: What should I do? As long as I am aware of the relevant facts of the situation and deliberating soundly, Bernard Williams argues that I should do what I want to do. It makes no sense to say that there are reasons that are fixed objects of concern, or values, that exist for an agent regardless of what she is in fact motivated to do. Reasons, for Williams, are hypothetical. I argue that he takes this view of practical reason because of a prior answer to the question “How should I live?”. A universal account of the good life would mean an account of values, or interests, that all human beings should have. Williams thinks it is not possible to give a universal account of the good life for human beings; any such account must be constructed out of the particular reasons of a community. But, he takes a constructivist view of the good life because he thinks that to be universal an account of the good life would have to be objective. Since objectivity cannot be achieved, he argues, neither can universality. Williams is only half right. That objectivity is not possible is inconsequential. A foundation for ethics has to be internal, but this does not preclude it being universal. I develop such a foundation based on the Aristotelian conception of human nature. A life cannot be wholly good if it is not self-respecting. Moreover, self-respect fits the framework for the specification of the good life that this foundation provides: I argue that self-respect can be shown to have a structure which provides an account of real interests - reasons that are objects of fixed concern. As such, reasons recognise rather than construct the good, making categorical reasons possible. A person can have a reason to change or act, even if reason itself cannot effect that change or action. Thus, I can be wrong about what I should do not only by being wrong about what would count as a satisfaction of my interests, but also by being wrong about what my interests are.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Roberts, Deborah Joan
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Williams, Bernard Arthur Owen -- Ethics , Ethics, Modern -- 20th century , Self-esteem
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2719 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002849 , Williams, Bernard Arthur Owen -- Ethics , Ethics, Modern -- 20th century , Self-esteem
- Description: What should I do? As long as I am aware of the relevant facts of the situation and deliberating soundly, Bernard Williams argues that I should do what I want to do. It makes no sense to say that there are reasons that are fixed objects of concern, or values, that exist for an agent regardless of what she is in fact motivated to do. Reasons, for Williams, are hypothetical. I argue that he takes this view of practical reason because of a prior answer to the question “How should I live?”. A universal account of the good life would mean an account of values, or interests, that all human beings should have. Williams thinks it is not possible to give a universal account of the good life for human beings; any such account must be constructed out of the particular reasons of a community. But, he takes a constructivist view of the good life because he thinks that to be universal an account of the good life would have to be objective. Since objectivity cannot be achieved, he argues, neither can universality. Williams is only half right. That objectivity is not possible is inconsequential. A foundation for ethics has to be internal, but this does not preclude it being universal. I develop such a foundation based on the Aristotelian conception of human nature. A life cannot be wholly good if it is not self-respecting. Moreover, self-respect fits the framework for the specification of the good life that this foundation provides: I argue that self-respect can be shown to have a structure which provides an account of real interests - reasons that are objects of fixed concern. As such, reasons recognise rather than construct the good, making categorical reasons possible. A person can have a reason to change or act, even if reason itself cannot effect that change or action. Thus, I can be wrong about what I should do not only by being wrong about what would count as a satisfaction of my interests, but also by being wrong about what my interests are.
- Full Text:
Some For All Forever: Water Ecosystems and People
- Palmer, Carolyn G, Berold, Robert, Muller, Nikite W J, Scherman, Patricia
- Authors: Palmer, Carolyn G , Berold, Robert , Muller, Nikite W J , Scherman, Patricia
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , report
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/437599 , vital:73396 , ISBN 1 86845 850 4 , https://wrcwebsite.azurewebsites.net/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/TT 176 complete.pdf
- Description: Water for people and people for water. We need water and water needs us. That is what this book is about. Water is the basis of all life. No plant, animal or person on earth can survive without it. In fact, all organisms are mostly made up of water. Wa-ter shapes the earth’s surface. It is a fundamental part of climate processes. Out in the natural world, water is not found in taps, buckets and glasses but in rivers, wet-lands, lakes, dams, estuaries, groundwater and the sea. It falls from the sky as rain, runs off the landscape, filters into the soil, flows to the sea in rivers, is stored in dams, evaporates into the sky, and rains back onto the earth. This is the water cycle. People need water for all sorts of things, for drinking, washing, cooking, growing food, in industries, and to dilute and transport wastes. But in the process of using water, people can damage rivers, wetlands, lakes and other watery places. Dam-aged ecosystems do not work very well and may fail us when we need them most. The message of this book is – look after water in the places where it is naturally found – look after water and water ecosystems because you need them so much.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Palmer, Carolyn G , Berold, Robert , Muller, Nikite W J , Scherman, Patricia
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , report
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/437599 , vital:73396 , ISBN 1 86845 850 4 , https://wrcwebsite.azurewebsites.net/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/TT 176 complete.pdf
- Description: Water for people and people for water. We need water and water needs us. That is what this book is about. Water is the basis of all life. No plant, animal or person on earth can survive without it. In fact, all organisms are mostly made up of water. Wa-ter shapes the earth’s surface. It is a fundamental part of climate processes. Out in the natural world, water is not found in taps, buckets and glasses but in rivers, wet-lands, lakes, dams, estuaries, groundwater and the sea. It falls from the sky as rain, runs off the landscape, filters into the soil, flows to the sea in rivers, is stored in dams, evaporates into the sky, and rains back onto the earth. This is the water cycle. People need water for all sorts of things, for drinking, washing, cooking, growing food, in industries, and to dilute and transport wastes. But in the process of using water, people can damage rivers, wetlands, lakes and other watery places. Dam-aged ecosystems do not work very well and may fail us when we need them most. The message of this book is – look after water in the places where it is naturally found – look after water and water ecosystems because you need them so much.
- Full Text:
Some insights on the gap
- O'Donoghue, Rob B, Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Authors: O'Donoghue, Rob B , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182720 , vital:43856 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620220145410"
- Description: In our response to 'Mind the gap' by Kollmuss and Agyeman (2002) we review contemporary pro-environmental behaviour research and perspectives. We apply a social processes vantage point to reveal a blindness to the historical origins of these perspectives. Through drawing on a case in an African context, we illuminate the way in which experts in institutional contexts come to etch instrumental perspectives, and thus we probe the limitations of instrumentalist assumptions associated with pro-environmental behaviour research and perspectives. We also point to ideological blind spots and blockages that persist in disallowing social politics and history to illuminate the complexities of human social habitus, and we reveal some of the complexities that have been set aside in the Kollmuss and Agyeman article.
- Full Text:
- Authors: O'Donoghue, Rob B , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182720 , vital:43856 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620220145410"
- Description: In our response to 'Mind the gap' by Kollmuss and Agyeman (2002) we review contemporary pro-environmental behaviour research and perspectives. We apply a social processes vantage point to reveal a blindness to the historical origins of these perspectives. Through drawing on a case in an African context, we illuminate the way in which experts in institutional contexts come to etch instrumental perspectives, and thus we probe the limitations of instrumentalist assumptions associated with pro-environmental behaviour research and perspectives. We also point to ideological blind spots and blockages that persist in disallowing social politics and history to illuminate the complexities of human social habitus, and we reveal some of the complexities that have been set aside in the Kollmuss and Agyeman article.
- Full Text:
South Africa's `Rainbow People', national pride and optimism: a trend study
- Authors: Dickow, H , Moller, Valerie
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7114 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010747
- Description: Since the first democratic elections of 1994, South Africans are popularly known as the ‘rainbow people'. The paper reports the acceptance of the rainbow as political symbol of unity among the diverse people of South Africa at three times: Immediately after the 1994 elections, two years later in 1996, and five years later in 1999 after the second general elections. The database for the study are responses to items placed with a syndicated national survey conducted countrywide. The public discourse on the rainbow is reviewed through personal interviews with a panel of 25 elites contacted in the run-up to the second general elections. The researchers revisit conclusions based on the earlier results (Møller, Dickow and Harris, 1999). The third round of research finds that the appeal of the rainbow as political symbol has waned but is still inclusive of all groups in society. Projections of national pride have shifted from the rainbow as symbol of unity and reconciliation to other icons of achievement such as the Reconstruction and Development Programme and prowess in sport. Support for the political symbolism of the rainbow is positively associated with happiness, life satisfaction and optimism. Lack of a focus of national pride is associated with pessimism. Results support the conclusion reached earlier that belief in the `rainbow nation' ideal boosts optimism and promotes happiness during South Africa's transition to a stable democracy, thereby preventing alienation among the losers under the new political dispensation. Linkages between acceptance of the rainbow symbol, subjective well-being and optimism are discussed in the light of the socio-political changes which have taken place in South Africa since democracy.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dickow, H , Moller, Valerie
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7114 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010747
- Description: Since the first democratic elections of 1994, South Africans are popularly known as the ‘rainbow people'. The paper reports the acceptance of the rainbow as political symbol of unity among the diverse people of South Africa at three times: Immediately after the 1994 elections, two years later in 1996, and five years later in 1999 after the second general elections. The database for the study are responses to items placed with a syndicated national survey conducted countrywide. The public discourse on the rainbow is reviewed through personal interviews with a panel of 25 elites contacted in the run-up to the second general elections. The researchers revisit conclusions based on the earlier results (Møller, Dickow and Harris, 1999). The third round of research finds that the appeal of the rainbow as political symbol has waned but is still inclusive of all groups in society. Projections of national pride have shifted from the rainbow as symbol of unity and reconciliation to other icons of achievement such as the Reconstruction and Development Programme and prowess in sport. Support for the political symbolism of the rainbow is positively associated with happiness, life satisfaction and optimism. Lack of a focus of national pride is associated with pessimism. Results support the conclusion reached earlier that belief in the `rainbow nation' ideal boosts optimism and promotes happiness during South Africa's transition to a stable democracy, thereby preventing alienation among the losers under the new political dispensation. Linkages between acceptance of the rainbow symbol, subjective well-being and optimism are discussed in the light of the socio-political changes which have taken place in South Africa since democracy.
- Full Text:
South African memoirs in a decade of transition: Athol Fugard's Cousins (1994), J.M. Coetzee's Boyhood (1997), and Breyten Breytenbach's Dog Heart (1999)
- Authors: Roux, Christine Ann
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Autobiography , Fugard, Athol , Coetzee, J. M., 1940 , Breytenbach, Breyten
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2191 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002233 , Autobiography , Fugard, Athol , Coetzee, J. M., 1940 , Breytenbach, Breyten
- Description: This thesis examines three South African memoirs using M. M. Bakhtin’s theories of the dialogical relationship in language and literature. By offering an alternative to a postmodern or multicultural interpretation of autobiographies, Bakhtin’s precepts, that define a dialogic, help to reframe a way of discussing memoirs and avoiding dead-ends previously arrived at by essayists in James Olney’s 1980 collection. Bakhtin’s ideas discussed here, which include the “once-occurrent moment”, “architectonic contraposition”, ”emotional-volitional tone”, “alibi”, “non-alibi”, and “centripetal” and “centrifugal” force, help to rebuild a discussion based on temporary and evolving self truth rather than fiction, the postmodern interpretation, or confession, the new-age secular spiritualism based on multicultural and politically correct standards. For this, each author’s memoir had to be examined separately and a conclusion was arrived at through inductive analysis. Rather than try to find similar characteristics, I focused on what made each memoir different and unique. Janet Varner Gunn’s Autobiography: Toward A Poetics of Experience (1982) refocused the debate over autobiography on process. The question, what steps did each author take toward writing about himself, led the discussion to an examination of the priorities each author exemplified. Beginning with Fugard who emphasized spatial, concrete, and sensory detail to help him contain his emotional life, the thesis moves on to an examination of Coetzee’s sense of justice. From the physical and intellectual world follows Breytenbach’s spiritual space-making. In each memoir, control of space is evident on different levels of experience. Articulating space inevitably leads to a discussion of boundaries. Here, Charles Taylor’s emphasis on the modern self’s need to articulate a horizon or a framework is helpful in generalizing the effect of the autobiographical process. The conclusion reached is that autobiography is inherently centrifugal: it moves away from the center of cultural thinking because its “truth” bolsters itself on dialogical process which does not depend on a fixed authority but rather on communicative exchange. As an example of exchange, autobiography’s central truth is that it returns to a “unique point of origin”, namely the self, only to reconnect to the other in a potentially eternal exchange of responsiveness moving away from the center.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Roux, Christine Ann
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Autobiography , Fugard, Athol , Coetzee, J. M., 1940 , Breytenbach, Breyten
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2191 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002233 , Autobiography , Fugard, Athol , Coetzee, J. M., 1940 , Breytenbach, Breyten
- Description: This thesis examines three South African memoirs using M. M. Bakhtin’s theories of the dialogical relationship in language and literature. By offering an alternative to a postmodern or multicultural interpretation of autobiographies, Bakhtin’s precepts, that define a dialogic, help to reframe a way of discussing memoirs and avoiding dead-ends previously arrived at by essayists in James Olney’s 1980 collection. Bakhtin’s ideas discussed here, which include the “once-occurrent moment”, “architectonic contraposition”, ”emotional-volitional tone”, “alibi”, “non-alibi”, and “centripetal” and “centrifugal” force, help to rebuild a discussion based on temporary and evolving self truth rather than fiction, the postmodern interpretation, or confession, the new-age secular spiritualism based on multicultural and politically correct standards. For this, each author’s memoir had to be examined separately and a conclusion was arrived at through inductive analysis. Rather than try to find similar characteristics, I focused on what made each memoir different and unique. Janet Varner Gunn’s Autobiography: Toward A Poetics of Experience (1982) refocused the debate over autobiography on process. The question, what steps did each author take toward writing about himself, led the discussion to an examination of the priorities each author exemplified. Beginning with Fugard who emphasized spatial, concrete, and sensory detail to help him contain his emotional life, the thesis moves on to an examination of Coetzee’s sense of justice. From the physical and intellectual world follows Breytenbach’s spiritual space-making. In each memoir, control of space is evident on different levels of experience. Articulating space inevitably leads to a discussion of boundaries. Here, Charles Taylor’s emphasis on the modern self’s need to articulate a horizon or a framework is helpful in generalizing the effect of the autobiographical process. The conclusion reached is that autobiography is inherently centrifugal: it moves away from the center of cultural thinking because its “truth” bolsters itself on dialogical process which does not depend on a fixed authority but rather on communicative exchange. As an example of exchange, autobiography’s central truth is that it returns to a “unique point of origin”, namely the self, only to reconnect to the other in a potentially eternal exchange of responsiveness moving away from the center.
- Full Text:
Spectrophotometric and electrochemical studies of the interaction between iron (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine and histamine
- Oni, Joshua, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289629 , vital:56657 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424602000233"
- Description: The interaction between iron(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine ([FeIITSPc]4+) and histamine results in the oxidation of the central metal by oxygen in the former, with the formation of a complex denoted as [(His)FeIIITSPc]3− (where His = histamine). The rate constant for the formation of the complex is kf = 2.41 × 10−2dm3.mol−1.s−1 and an equilibrium constant of 6.3 dm3.mol-1 was obtained. The oxidation state of the central metal of [FeIITSPc]4− before and after the coordination of histamine is confirmed by spectroelectrochemistry. Further electrochemical oxidation of this [(His)FeIIITsPc]3− derivative results in a metal-based process proposed to involve an FeIV phthalocyanine species.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289629 , vital:56657 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424602000233"
- Description: The interaction between iron(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine ([FeIITSPc]4+) and histamine results in the oxidation of the central metal by oxygen in the former, with the formation of a complex denoted as [(His)FeIIITSPc]3− (where His = histamine). The rate constant for the formation of the complex is kf = 2.41 × 10−2dm3.mol−1.s−1 and an equilibrium constant of 6.3 dm3.mol-1 was obtained. The oxidation state of the central metal of [FeIITSPc]4− before and after the coordination of histamine is confirmed by spectroelectrochemistry. Further electrochemical oxidation of this [(His)FeIIITsPc]3− derivative results in a metal-based process proposed to involve an FeIV phthalocyanine species.
- Full Text:
Speed-related isokinetic and psychophysical responses of female military personnel
- Authors: Kennedy, Dale Charles
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:21028 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6063
- Description: The present study aims to contribute in an area that has long been neglected, the indigenous female population, about whose physical strength and work-capacity very little is known. Speed-related isokinetic and psychophysical responses of female military personnel were assessed (N=32). Furthermore benchmark data was established for Work-Simulation isokinetic responses where there appears to be limited publication. Analysis of the data showed significant differences in torque, work and power outputs as velocity increased. Only wrench-turning left and right rotation for peak torque and total work did not show significant reductions. Consistency of effort level recorded an average of 72% across the selected isokinetic tests. No discernible morphological and strength expression differences were observed between military office workers and infantry personnel, and no significant correlations were recorded between heart rate and RPE values.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kennedy, Dale Charles
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:21028 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6063
- Description: The present study aims to contribute in an area that has long been neglected, the indigenous female population, about whose physical strength and work-capacity very little is known. Speed-related isokinetic and psychophysical responses of female military personnel were assessed (N=32). Furthermore benchmark data was established for Work-Simulation isokinetic responses where there appears to be limited publication. Analysis of the data showed significant differences in torque, work and power outputs as velocity increased. Only wrench-turning left and right rotation for peak torque and total work did not show significant reductions. Consistency of effort level recorded an average of 72% across the selected isokinetic tests. No discernible morphological and strength expression differences were observed between military office workers and infantry personnel, and no significant correlations were recorded between heart rate and RPE values.
- Full Text:
State or public service broadcasting?: an analysis of the coverage of political issues and debates during an election campaign on television news
- Authors: Macha, Herbert
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Public service television programs -- Zambia , Television in politics , Television broadcasting of news -- Zambia , Elections -- Zambia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3502 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006234 , Public service television programs -- Zambia , Television in politics , Television broadcasting of news -- Zambia , Elections -- Zambia
- Description: Public Service Television remains a key institution of democratisation in the context of emerging democracies in Africa, especially with the advent of liberalisation and commercialisation of the media. The democratic changes taking place in Zambia require a genuine public service broadcasting television that will promote pluralism in the public sphere. Among the many available strategies and mechanisms for fostering a sustainable democratic and cultural environment, public service broadcasting is still the best. This study set out to examine representation of political issues and debates during election campaign on ZNBC television news to assess the extent to which it plays a role as a public broadcaster in the mediation of pluralistic politics. Election news on television, in line with the public sphere argument was found to be essential for investigating the nature of public service television from the point of view of impartiality, universality and diversity. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods the study has confirmed the hypothesis that the role of a public service television in the mediation of pluralistic politics is compromised by ZNBC's partial and unbalanced coverage of elections. As a result ZNBC, as a public service broadcaster is undermining the very democracy it is expected to promote. Public service television should take new forms if it is to be recognised and appreciated by the public as a genuine, open and democratic public sphere. I therefore recommend that a system of license fee for viewers be introduced. Secondly, government should increase funding into public service television to supplement revenue from license fee and advertising. Thirdly, I recommend the appointment of an independent board whose members will be appointed for a fixed term, by public nomination and a process of public hearing, according to publicly available criteria, which guarantees diversity of political, ethnic, social and professional background. Fourthly I suggest the formation of an Election News Coverage Committee comprising of journalists, academicians, the church and civic organisation that will formulate and implement editorial policy on election coverage and above all monitor and the coverage of elections on ZNBC television news.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Macha, Herbert
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Public service television programs -- Zambia , Television in politics , Television broadcasting of news -- Zambia , Elections -- Zambia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3502 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006234 , Public service television programs -- Zambia , Television in politics , Television broadcasting of news -- Zambia , Elections -- Zambia
- Description: Public Service Television remains a key institution of democratisation in the context of emerging democracies in Africa, especially with the advent of liberalisation and commercialisation of the media. The democratic changes taking place in Zambia require a genuine public service broadcasting television that will promote pluralism in the public sphere. Among the many available strategies and mechanisms for fostering a sustainable democratic and cultural environment, public service broadcasting is still the best. This study set out to examine representation of political issues and debates during election campaign on ZNBC television news to assess the extent to which it plays a role as a public broadcaster in the mediation of pluralistic politics. Election news on television, in line with the public sphere argument was found to be essential for investigating the nature of public service television from the point of view of impartiality, universality and diversity. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods the study has confirmed the hypothesis that the role of a public service television in the mediation of pluralistic politics is compromised by ZNBC's partial and unbalanced coverage of elections. As a result ZNBC, as a public service broadcaster is undermining the very democracy it is expected to promote. Public service television should take new forms if it is to be recognised and appreciated by the public as a genuine, open and democratic public sphere. I therefore recommend that a system of license fee for viewers be introduced. Secondly, government should increase funding into public service television to supplement revenue from license fee and advertising. Thirdly, I recommend the appointment of an independent board whose members will be appointed for a fixed term, by public nomination and a process of public hearing, according to publicly available criteria, which guarantees diversity of political, ethnic, social and professional background. Fourthly I suggest the formation of an Election News Coverage Committee comprising of journalists, academicians, the church and civic organisation that will formulate and implement editorial policy on election coverage and above all monitor and the coverage of elections on ZNBC television news.
- Full Text:
Studio Exploring Using Universal Plug and Play
- Laubscher, Rob, Foss, Richard
- Authors: Laubscher, Rob , Foss, Richard
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427457 , vital:72440 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/online/browse.cfm?elib=11301
- Description: This paper explores the use of Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) as a studio control technology. The architecture of a possible studio control technology is introduced. The elements of this studio control architecture are related to the architecture of UPnP. A sample implementation demonstrates the key aspects of using UPnP as a studio control technology.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Laubscher, Rob , Foss, Richard
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427457 , vital:72440 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/online/browse.cfm?elib=11301
- Description: This paper explores the use of Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) as a studio control technology. The architecture of a possible studio control technology is introduced. The elements of this studio control architecture are related to the architecture of UPnP. A sample implementation demonstrates the key aspects of using UPnP as a studio control technology.
- Full Text:
Study South Africa
- International Education Association of South Africa (IEASA), Mason, Andy
- Authors: International Education Association of South Africa (IEASA) , Mason, Andy
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Education, Higher -- South Africa , Education and globalization -- South Africa Student mobility -- Africa International education -- South Africa Education, Higher -- International cooperation , Universities and colleges -- South Africa , Technical Institutes -- South Africa , Vocational guidance -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65310 , vital:28744 , ISBN 0620247290
- Description: [Message from the Honorable Minister of Education, Prof. Kader Asmal]: Once again I am pleased to provide a message of support for the Guide to South African Universities and Technikons, particularly at a time when we are embarking on a new era with our plans for Higher Education in South Africa. Increasingly we have become aware of the need for higher education graduates who can make a significant contribution to the reconstruction and development of our country and, in this period of globalisation, the rest the world. With the dawn of a new century we need also to ensure that our system of higher education is relevant to the challenges we face in the years ahead. The onset of the 21st century has brought Minister of Education changes in the social, cultural and economic relations spawned by the revolution in information and communications technology. At the centre of these changes is the notion that in the 21st century, knowledge and the processing of information will be the key driving forces for wealth creation and social and economic development. Therefore we are driven by government policy that recognises the importance of human resource development. This involves the mobilisation of human talent and potential through lifelong learning, to contribute to the social, economic, cultural and intellectual life of a rapidly changing society. We need high-level skills training to provide the human resources to strengthen our region's enterprises, services and infrastructure. This requires the development of professionals and knowledge workers with globally equivalent skills, but who are socially responsible and conscious of their role in contributing to development efforts and social transformation. Finally we need to ensure the production, acquisition and application of new knowledge. This is essential for growth and competitiveness, and in turn is dependent on continuous technological improvement and innovation driven by a well-organised, vibrant research and development system which integrates the research and training capacity of higher education with the needs of industry and social reconstruction. Graduates from our higher education institutions have consistently shown that the quality of the education they receive is of a world class standard. Indeed, many developed countries try to lure our graduates away to work in their countries. Increasingly international students have recognised the value of our education system and are choosing to study in South Africa. We welcome them not only to our educational institutions but also to our beautiful country and the vibrant society that South Africa is today. , 2nd Edition
- Full Text:
- Authors: International Education Association of South Africa (IEASA) , Mason, Andy
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Education, Higher -- South Africa , Education and globalization -- South Africa Student mobility -- Africa International education -- South Africa Education, Higher -- International cooperation , Universities and colleges -- South Africa , Technical Institutes -- South Africa , Vocational guidance -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65310 , vital:28744 , ISBN 0620247290
- Description: [Message from the Honorable Minister of Education, Prof. Kader Asmal]: Once again I am pleased to provide a message of support for the Guide to South African Universities and Technikons, particularly at a time when we are embarking on a new era with our plans for Higher Education in South Africa. Increasingly we have become aware of the need for higher education graduates who can make a significant contribution to the reconstruction and development of our country and, in this period of globalisation, the rest the world. With the dawn of a new century we need also to ensure that our system of higher education is relevant to the challenges we face in the years ahead. The onset of the 21st century has brought Minister of Education changes in the social, cultural and economic relations spawned by the revolution in information and communications technology. At the centre of these changes is the notion that in the 21st century, knowledge and the processing of information will be the key driving forces for wealth creation and social and economic development. Therefore we are driven by government policy that recognises the importance of human resource development. This involves the mobilisation of human talent and potential through lifelong learning, to contribute to the social, economic, cultural and intellectual life of a rapidly changing society. We need high-level skills training to provide the human resources to strengthen our region's enterprises, services and infrastructure. This requires the development of professionals and knowledge workers with globally equivalent skills, but who are socially responsible and conscious of their role in contributing to development efforts and social transformation. Finally we need to ensure the production, acquisition and application of new knowledge. This is essential for growth and competitiveness, and in turn is dependent on continuous technological improvement and innovation driven by a well-organised, vibrant research and development system which integrates the research and training capacity of higher education with the needs of industry and social reconstruction. Graduates from our higher education institutions have consistently shown that the quality of the education they receive is of a world class standard. Indeed, many developed countries try to lure our graduates away to work in their countries. Increasingly international students have recognised the value of our education system and are choosing to study in South Africa. We welcome them not only to our educational institutions but also to our beautiful country and the vibrant society that South Africa is today. , 2nd Edition
- Full Text:
Synthesis, electrochemical and photochemical properties of unsymmetrically substituted zinc phthalocyanine complexes
- Matlaba, Pulane M, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Matlaba, Pulane M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289650 , vital:56658 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(02)01226-3"
- Description: The synthesis of symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) derivatives are reported. The ZnPc derivatives are synthesized by ring expansion of subphthalocyanine complexes. Ring substitution is effected with tert-butyl phenol, naphthol and hydroxybenzoic acid. Comparison of the redox potentials for complexes substituted with varying numbers of tert-butyl phenol: 1 (complex 5), 2 (complex 6), 3 (complex 7), 6 (complex 8) and 8 (complex 9) shows that the complexes with the highest number of substituents are more difficult to oxidize and easier to reduce. All the reported complexes are relatively photostable, with photobleaching quantum yields of the order of 10−5. Singlet oxygen quantum yields for the complexes ranged from 0.22 to 0.68.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Matlaba, Pulane M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289650 , vital:56658 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(02)01226-3"
- Description: The synthesis of symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) derivatives are reported. The ZnPc derivatives are synthesized by ring expansion of subphthalocyanine complexes. Ring substitution is effected with tert-butyl phenol, naphthol and hydroxybenzoic acid. Comparison of the redox potentials for complexes substituted with varying numbers of tert-butyl phenol: 1 (complex 5), 2 (complex 6), 3 (complex 7), 6 (complex 8) and 8 (complex 9) shows that the complexes with the highest number of substituents are more difficult to oxidize and easier to reduce. All the reported complexes are relatively photostable, with photobleaching quantum yields of the order of 10−5. Singlet oxygen quantum yields for the complexes ranged from 0.22 to 0.68.
- Full Text:
Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical studies of germanium and tin phthalocyanine complexes
- Maree, Suzanne, Phillips, David, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Maree, Suzanne , Phillips, David , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289667 , vital:56661 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S108842460200004X"
- Description: This work reports on the synthesis of tin and germanium phthalocyanine complexes containing phenoxy and substituted phenoxy groups as phthalocyanine ring substituents. The compounds studied are: dichlorogermanium phthalocyanine complexes containing eight phenoxy (4a), o-methyl phenoxy (4b) or estrone (4c) groups on the ring. The corresponding dichlorotin complexes (5a, 5b and 5c) and diiodotin complex (6a) were also investigated, as well as diestrone phthalocyaninato tin (7). Germanium octaphenoxy phthalocyanine complexes undergo phototransformation rather than direct photobleaching, whereas tin octaphenoxy phthalocyanine complexes undergo a photobleaching process, which is mediated by photoreduction of the phthalocyanine ring. Tin octaphenoxy phthalocyanine complexes gave higher ΦΔ values than the corresponding germanium complexes. Also tin phthalocyanine complexes containing an unsubstituted ring gave higher ΦΔ values than the corresponding octaphenoxy substituted complexes. The triplet quantum yields increased with the increase in electron-donating power of the ring substituents.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Maree, Suzanne , Phillips, David , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/289667 , vital:56661 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S108842460200004X"
- Description: This work reports on the synthesis of tin and germanium phthalocyanine complexes containing phenoxy and substituted phenoxy groups as phthalocyanine ring substituents. The compounds studied are: dichlorogermanium phthalocyanine complexes containing eight phenoxy (4a), o-methyl phenoxy (4b) or estrone (4c) groups on the ring. The corresponding dichlorotin complexes (5a, 5b and 5c) and diiodotin complex (6a) were also investigated, as well as diestrone phthalocyaninato tin (7). Germanium octaphenoxy phthalocyanine complexes undergo phototransformation rather than direct photobleaching, whereas tin octaphenoxy phthalocyanine complexes undergo a photobleaching process, which is mediated by photoreduction of the phthalocyanine ring. Tin octaphenoxy phthalocyanine complexes gave higher ΦΔ values than the corresponding germanium complexes. Also tin phthalocyanine complexes containing an unsubstituted ring gave higher ΦΔ values than the corresponding octaphenoxy substituted complexes. The triplet quantum yields increased with the increase in electron-donating power of the ring substituents.
- Full Text:
Synthetic approaches to marine labdane diterpenes
- Authors: Wisch, Gregory Albert
- Date: 2002 , 2013-05-10
- Subjects: Diterpenes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4289 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003131 , Diterpenes
- Description: The work presented in this thesis describes the synthesis of labd-13-en-8ß, 15-diol (46) a stable reduced derivative of an unstable marine natural product aldehyde [8ß-hydroxylabd-13E-en-15-al (6)] isolated by Cimino, et al. from the skin of a Notaspidean mollusc Pleurobranchaea meckelii. The rationale for the synthesis was to provide sufficient 46 for eventual mild oxidation to 6 and investigation of the biological activity of this latter compound. (-)-Sclareol (32), a common diterpene synthetic precursor, was the starting point for the ten step synthesis of 46 described in this thesis. A search of the literature revealed that only one non stereospecific synthesis of 46 had been previously reported. To provide the necessary background to the synthetic component of this thesis, both the occurrence of labdane and ent-labdane in the marine environment and the use of sclareol in the synthesis of marine natural products, was reviewed. The initial step in the synthesis of 46 was the potassium permanganate oxidation of sclareol to give a bisnorlabdane ketone. Reduction of this ketone with lithium aluminium hydride produced a mixture of diols which, through t-butyldimethysilyl triflate protection, afforded a quantitative route to protecting the C-13 ketone in an effort to prevent unwanted intramolecular cyclization reactions. Dehydration of the tertiary alcohol moiety at C-8 with phosphorous oxychloride yielded the Δ⁸·¹⁵ exocyclic alkene required for the next oxidation step. Ozonolysis succeeded in producing the desired C-8 ketone after much deliberation and research into alternative oxidation strategies. Methyl lithium methylation quantitatively afforded the desired a-methyl substitution at C-8, identified at the onset as the key step in the synthesis. Tetra-butylarnmonium fluoride deprotection yielded the 8ß,13-dihydoxylated product, which was in turn subjected to a Swern oxidition to give the desired 8ß-hydroxy-bisnorlabda-13-one. A modified Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction allowed for elaboration at C-13 to yield a to Δ¹³ olefin with a terminal C-15 ethyl ester. Diisobutylaluminium hydride reduction of the ester produced the desired labd-13-en-8ß, 15-diol (46) in a low overall yield of 3.4%. Although opportunities for optimization of at least three steps in the synthesis exist, time constraints prevented both optimization of these steps and an investigation of the oxidation of 46 to 6. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
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- Authors: Wisch, Gregory Albert
- Date: 2002 , 2013-05-10
- Subjects: Diterpenes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4289 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003131 , Diterpenes
- Description: The work presented in this thesis describes the synthesis of labd-13-en-8ß, 15-diol (46) a stable reduced derivative of an unstable marine natural product aldehyde [8ß-hydroxylabd-13E-en-15-al (6)] isolated by Cimino, et al. from the skin of a Notaspidean mollusc Pleurobranchaea meckelii. The rationale for the synthesis was to provide sufficient 46 for eventual mild oxidation to 6 and investigation of the biological activity of this latter compound. (-)-Sclareol (32), a common diterpene synthetic precursor, was the starting point for the ten step synthesis of 46 described in this thesis. A search of the literature revealed that only one non stereospecific synthesis of 46 had been previously reported. To provide the necessary background to the synthetic component of this thesis, both the occurrence of labdane and ent-labdane in the marine environment and the use of sclareol in the synthesis of marine natural products, was reviewed. The initial step in the synthesis of 46 was the potassium permanganate oxidation of sclareol to give a bisnorlabdane ketone. Reduction of this ketone with lithium aluminium hydride produced a mixture of diols which, through t-butyldimethysilyl triflate protection, afforded a quantitative route to protecting the C-13 ketone in an effort to prevent unwanted intramolecular cyclization reactions. Dehydration of the tertiary alcohol moiety at C-8 with phosphorous oxychloride yielded the Δ⁸·¹⁵ exocyclic alkene required for the next oxidation step. Ozonolysis succeeded in producing the desired C-8 ketone after much deliberation and research into alternative oxidation strategies. Methyl lithium methylation quantitatively afforded the desired a-methyl substitution at C-8, identified at the onset as the key step in the synthesis. Tetra-butylarnmonium fluoride deprotection yielded the 8ß,13-dihydoxylated product, which was in turn subjected to a Swern oxidition to give the desired 8ß-hydroxy-bisnorlabda-13-one. A modified Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction allowed for elaboration at C-13 to yield a to Δ¹³ olefin with a terminal C-15 ethyl ester. Diisobutylaluminium hydride reduction of the ester produced the desired labd-13-en-8ß, 15-diol (46) in a low overall yield of 3.4%. Although opportunities for optimization of at least three steps in the synthesis exist, time constraints prevented both optimization of these steps and an investigation of the oxidation of 46 to 6. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
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Teacher responses to the Namibian education reform : a case study of two Caprivi schools
- Authors: Kamwi, Kamwi Kenneth
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Education -- Namibia Education and state -- Namibia Educational change -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1791 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003676
- Description: Effective implementation of education reforms consists of alterations in curriculum materials, instructional practices and behaviour, beliefs and understandings on the part of the teachers involved in the reform (Fullan and Hargreaves, 1993: 5). A process of implementation is therefore, a learning process, learning how to do something new (ibid.). This study was done to establish how Biology teachers in Caprivi have responded to the reform process ten years down the line. I used a qualitative case study of two secondary schools. Four Biology teachers, two school principals and two groups of learners participated in the study. Data was collected by means of interviews, lesson observations, a workshop, and school inventories. The data was analysed within an interpretive framework. The results of the study show a move into 'activity-based teaching'. It shows a shift from the traditional transmission teaching approach. In general teachers seem to equate 'activity-based teaching' with the learner-centred approach.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kamwi, Kamwi Kenneth
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Education -- Namibia Education and state -- Namibia Educational change -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1791 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003676
- Description: Effective implementation of education reforms consists of alterations in curriculum materials, instructional practices and behaviour, beliefs and understandings on the part of the teachers involved in the reform (Fullan and Hargreaves, 1993: 5). A process of implementation is therefore, a learning process, learning how to do something new (ibid.). This study was done to establish how Biology teachers in Caprivi have responded to the reform process ten years down the line. I used a qualitative case study of two secondary schools. Four Biology teachers, two school principals and two groups of learners participated in the study. Data was collected by means of interviews, lesson observations, a workshop, and school inventories. The data was analysed within an interpretive framework. The results of the study show a move into 'activity-based teaching'. It shows a shift from the traditional transmission teaching approach. In general teachers seem to equate 'activity-based teaching' with the learner-centred approach.
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