CdTe quantum dots functionalized with 4-amino-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide as luminescent nanoprobe for the sensitive recognition of bromide ion
- Adegoke, Oluwasesan, Hosten, Eric C, McCleland, Cedric, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Hosten, Eric C , McCleland, Cedric , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/244393 , vital:51253 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.040"
- Description: A novel bromide ion-selective modified nanoprobe sensor based on 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide (4AT)-functionalized CdTe quantum dots (QDs-4AT) has been developed. Fluorescence quenching of the QDs by 4AT was observed. The functionalized QDs-4AT nanoprobe allowed a highly sensitive determination of bromide ion via analyte-induced change in the photoluminescence (fluorescence recovery) of the modified QDs. A detection limit of 0.6 nM of bromide ion was obtained, while the interfering effect of other inorganic cations and anions was investigated to examine the selectivity of the nanoprobe. The linear range was between 0.01 and 0.13 μM. Combined fluorescence lifetime and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements confirmed electron transfer processes between bromide ion and QDs-4AT.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Adegoke, Oluwasesan , Hosten, Eric C , McCleland, Cedric , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/244393 , vital:51253 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.040"
- Description: A novel bromide ion-selective modified nanoprobe sensor based on 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide (4AT)-functionalized CdTe quantum dots (QDs-4AT) has been developed. Fluorescence quenching of the QDs by 4AT was observed. The functionalized QDs-4AT nanoprobe allowed a highly sensitive determination of bromide ion via analyte-induced change in the photoluminescence (fluorescence recovery) of the modified QDs. A detection limit of 0.6 nM of bromide ion was obtained, while the interfering effect of other inorganic cations and anions was investigated to examine the selectivity of the nanoprobe. The linear range was between 0.01 and 0.13 μM. Combined fluorescence lifetime and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements confirmed electron transfer processes between bromide ion and QDs-4AT.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Challenges experienced in the first year of implementation of a teaching and learning virtual partnership at the University of Namibia
- Mufeti, K, Foster, Gregory G, Terzoli, Alfredo
- Authors: Mufeti, K , Foster, Gregory G , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431234 , vital:72756 , https://rcetj.org/index.php/rcetj/article/view/178
- Description: Advances in information and communication technologies are enabling higher educa-tion institutions to build virtual partnerships with other institutions. Virtual partner-ships are defined here as collaborations between geographically dispersed institutions, where interaction between these institutions is enabled mainly by electronic modes of communication. This article reports on the participants’ experiences of the implemen-tation of one such partnership from the perspective of a partner in a developing con-text. It uses the SANTED Virtual Classroom Project (VCP), a virtual partnership initia-tive between the Departments of Computer Science at the University of Namibia (UNAM) and Rhodes University (RU), as a case study. In the VCP, the department at RU was tasked with building teaching and human resource capacity in the department at UNAM. The article focuses on the challenges experienced at UNAM during the first year of implementation of the VCP and lessons learned.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Mufeti, K , Foster, Gregory G , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431234 , vital:72756 , https://rcetj.org/index.php/rcetj/article/view/178
- Description: Advances in information and communication technologies are enabling higher educa-tion institutions to build virtual partnerships with other institutions. Virtual partner-ships are defined here as collaborations between geographically dispersed institutions, where interaction between these institutions is enabled mainly by electronic modes of communication. This article reports on the participants’ experiences of the implemen-tation of one such partnership from the perspective of a partner in a developing con-text. It uses the SANTED Virtual Classroom Project (VCP), a virtual partnership initia-tive between the Departments of Computer Science at the University of Namibia (UNAM) and Rhodes University (RU), as a case study. In the VCP, the department at RU was tasked with building teaching and human resource capacity in the department at UNAM. The article focuses on the challenges experienced at UNAM during the first year of implementation of the VCP and lessons learned.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Characterization of 2,(3)-tetra-(4-oxo-benzamide) phthalocyaninato cobalt (II)—single walled carbon nanotube conjugate platforms and their use in electrocatalysis of amitrole
- Mugadza, Tawanda, Arslanoğlu, Yasin, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Mugadza, Tawanda , Arslanoğlu, Yasin , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/244382 , vital:51252 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.02.041"
- Description: In this paper we report on the use of carboxylic acid functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in the synthesis of 2,(3)-tetra-(4-oxo-benzamide)phthalocyaninato cobalt (II)–single walled carbon nanotube conjugates (CoTOBPc–SWCNT), their characterization and application in the electrocatalytic oxidation of amitrole. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used for the detection of amitrole on the modified glassy carbon electrode. The catalytic rate constant was 1.6 × 103 M−1 s−1 and the apparent electron rate transfer constant was 1.5 × 10−5 cm s−1. The linear dynamic range was 1.0 × 10−6–3.0 × 10−5 M, with a sensitivity of ∼1.13 A mol−1 L cm−2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Mugadza, Tawanda , Arslanoğlu, Yasin , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/244382 , vital:51252 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.02.041"
- Description: In this paper we report on the use of carboxylic acid functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in the synthesis of 2,(3)-tetra-(4-oxo-benzamide)phthalocyaninato cobalt (II)–single walled carbon nanotube conjugates (CoTOBPc–SWCNT), their characterization and application in the electrocatalytic oxidation of amitrole. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used for the detection of amitrole on the modified glassy carbon electrode. The catalytic rate constant was 1.6 × 103 M−1 s−1 and the apparent electron rate transfer constant was 1.5 × 10−5 cm s−1. The linear dynamic range was 1.0 × 10−6–3.0 × 10−5 M, with a sensitivity of ∼1.13 A mol−1 L cm−2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Chieftainship succession and gender equality in Lesotho: negotiating the right to equality in a jungle of pluralism
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127067 , vital:35951 , https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/tjwl22amp;div=11amp;g_sent=1amp;casa_token=amp;collection=journals
- Description: Women constitute about 51% of Lesotho's population 1 and enjoy a higher literacy rate than men. 2 They are also the backbone of a society that for several hundreds of years provided male labor to South Africa's farms and gold mines.3 However, Basotho women are generally excluded from mainstream politics and are discriminated against in almost all spheres of socioeconomic life. This exclusion, marginalization, and discrimination have been largely blamed on patriarchy and entrenched traditional norms, both of which are sustained by a plural legal system that has seemingly remained insular to developments around the globe. 4
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Juma, Laurence
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127067 , vital:35951 , https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/tjwl22amp;div=11amp;g_sent=1amp;casa_token=amp;collection=journals
- Description: Women constitute about 51% of Lesotho's population 1 and enjoy a higher literacy rate than men. 2 They are also the backbone of a society that for several hundreds of years provided male labor to South Africa's farms and gold mines.3 However, Basotho women are generally excluded from mainstream politics and are discriminated against in almost all spheres of socioeconomic life. This exclusion, marginalization, and discrimination have been largely blamed on patriarchy and entrenched traditional norms, both of which are sustained by a plural legal system that has seemingly remained insular to developments around the globe. 4
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
China-Africa relations: research approaches
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147503 , vital:38644 , https://doi.org/10.1162/afar.2012.45.2.1
- Description: About to board a plane in Johannesburg, I handed my temporary boarding pass to the flight attendant who exclaimed,“Simbao, you have a fong kong boarding pass!” Fong kong is a slang term used in South Africa meaning fake, cheap, or low quality and is often associated with Chinese imports. In this case, the term was used to refer to a temporary pass issued earlier on my journey that needed to be replaced with a new boarding pass in Johannesburg.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147503 , vital:38644 , https://doi.org/10.1162/afar.2012.45.2.1
- Description: About to board a plane in Johannesburg, I handed my temporary boarding pass to the flight attendant who exclaimed,“Simbao, you have a fong kong boarding pass!” Fong kong is a slang term used in South Africa meaning fake, cheap, or low quality and is often associated with Chinese imports. In this case, the term was used to refer to a temporary pass issued earlier on my journey that needed to be replaced with a new boarding pass in Johannesburg.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Civil society and state-centred struggles
- Authors: Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71231 , vital:29821 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2012.641723
- Description: This article is about civil society and state-centred struggles in contemporary Zimbabwe. I first identify and outline three current understandings of civil society. Two understandings (one Liberal, one Radical) are state-centric and exist firmly within the logic of state discourses and state politics. A third understanding, also Radical, is society-centric and speaks about politics existing at a distance from the state and possibly beyond the boundaries of civil society. This civil society-state discussion frames the second section of the article, which looks specifically at Zimbabwe. It details civil society as contested terrain (from the late 1990s onwards) within the context of a scholarly debate about agrarian transformation and political change. This debate, which reproduces (in theoretical garb) the key political society (or party) fault-lines within Zimbabwean society, has taken place primarily within the restricted confines of state-centred discourses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71231 , vital:29821 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2012.641723
- Description: This article is about civil society and state-centred struggles in contemporary Zimbabwe. I first identify and outline three current understandings of civil society. Two understandings (one Liberal, one Radical) are state-centric and exist firmly within the logic of state discourses and state politics. A third understanding, also Radical, is society-centric and speaks about politics existing at a distance from the state and possibly beyond the boundaries of civil society. This civil society-state discussion frames the second section of the article, which looks specifically at Zimbabwe. It details civil society as contested terrain (from the late 1990s onwards) within the context of a scholarly debate about agrarian transformation and political change. This debate, which reproduces (in theoretical garb) the key political society (or party) fault-lines within Zimbabwean society, has taken place primarily within the restricted confines of state-centred discourses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Comparison of carbon screen-printed and disk electrodes in the detection of antioxidants using CoPc derivatives
- Matemadombo, Fungisai, Apetrei, Constantin, Nyokong, Tebello, Rodríguez-Méndez, María Luz, de Saja, José Antonio
- Authors: Matemadombo, Fungisai , Apetrei, Constantin , Nyokong, Tebello , Rodríguez-Méndez, María Luz , de Saja, José Antonio
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/244371 , vital:51251 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.02.088"
- Description: Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) and cobalt phthalocyanine carboxylic derivatives (CoTCPc and CoOCPc) have been used as electrocatalysts for the detection of the antioxidants vanillic acid, caffeic acid, pyrogallol, and ascorbic acid on screen-printed carbon and disk electrode surfaces. The cobalt phthalocyanines were used to detect vanillic acid (with limit of detection ranging from 1.15 μM to 2.42 μM at potentials of 0.55–0.88 V vs. Ag|AgCl), caffeic acid (with limit of detection ranging from 1.17 μM to 2.20 μM at potentials of 0.30–0.81 V vs. Ag|AgCl), pyrogallol (with limit of detection ranging from 1.16 μM to 3.63 μM at potentials of 0.52–0.63 V vs. Ag|AgCl), and ascorbic acid (with limit of detection ranging from 1.16 μM to 1.58 μM at potentials of 0.34–0.46 V vs. Ag|AgCl). The kinetic studies also demonstrate diffusion-controlled processes at the electrode surface. The SPCE electrodes have better detection properties towards vanillic acid, caffeic acid, pyrogallol while the disk electrodes had better ascorbic acid detection properties as proven by kinetic studies. Both types CoPc-influenced electrodes show 100% discrimination of the antioxidants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Matemadombo, Fungisai , Apetrei, Constantin , Nyokong, Tebello , Rodríguez-Méndez, María Luz , de Saja, José Antonio
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/244371 , vital:51251 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.02.088"
- Description: Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) and cobalt phthalocyanine carboxylic derivatives (CoTCPc and CoOCPc) have been used as electrocatalysts for the detection of the antioxidants vanillic acid, caffeic acid, pyrogallol, and ascorbic acid on screen-printed carbon and disk electrode surfaces. The cobalt phthalocyanines were used to detect vanillic acid (with limit of detection ranging from 1.15 μM to 2.42 μM at potentials of 0.55–0.88 V vs. Ag|AgCl), caffeic acid (with limit of detection ranging from 1.17 μM to 2.20 μM at potentials of 0.30–0.81 V vs. Ag|AgCl), pyrogallol (with limit of detection ranging from 1.16 μM to 3.63 μM at potentials of 0.52–0.63 V vs. Ag|AgCl), and ascorbic acid (with limit of detection ranging from 1.16 μM to 1.58 μM at potentials of 0.34–0.46 V vs. Ag|AgCl). The kinetic studies also demonstrate diffusion-controlled processes at the electrode surface. The SPCE electrodes have better detection properties towards vanillic acid, caffeic acid, pyrogallol while the disk electrodes had better ascorbic acid detection properties as proven by kinetic studies. Both types CoPc-influenced electrodes show 100% discrimination of the antioxidants.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Comprehension and production of figurative language by Afrikaans-speaking children with and without specific language impairment
- van der Merwe, Kristin, Adendorff, Ralph
- Authors: van der Merwe, Kristin , Adendorff, Ralph
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123442 , vital:35438 , https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2012.693708
- Description: This article reports on the comprehension and production of figurative language, namely idioms and similes, in first language Afrikaans-speaking (AFR) boys, ages eight to 10 years, and first language Afrikaans-speaking boys with specific language impairment (SLI), also ages eight to 10. It draws on a larger study by Van der Merwe (2007; see also Van der Merwe & Southwood, 2008). Testing of the comprehension and production abilities of the children was conducted verbally and individually and elicited their understanding of 25 idioms and 25 similes. The idioms were first presented without context; if the child gave an incorrect interpretation, the idiom was placed in context. Raw scores show that the SLI group performed marginally more poorly than the AFR group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the comprehension of idioms by the two groups. The same can be said for the number of literal interpretations provided by the groups. Placing the idioms in context was beneficial to both groups. The simile completion task required the children to provide the last word of each simile. For both groups, the similes task proved to be easier than the idioms task but there was again no statistically significant difference found between the two groups. The results seem to imply that children at this developmental phase, aged eight to 10, whether language impaired or not, have not yet fully grasped figurative language as a concept and need explicit instructions on figurative language. The article ends with a reflection on the suitability of idioms and similes as particular categories of figurative language in studies of this nature.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: van der Merwe, Kristin , Adendorff, Ralph
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123442 , vital:35438 , https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2012.693708
- Description: This article reports on the comprehension and production of figurative language, namely idioms and similes, in first language Afrikaans-speaking (AFR) boys, ages eight to 10 years, and first language Afrikaans-speaking boys with specific language impairment (SLI), also ages eight to 10. It draws on a larger study by Van der Merwe (2007; see also Van der Merwe & Southwood, 2008). Testing of the comprehension and production abilities of the children was conducted verbally and individually and elicited their understanding of 25 idioms and 25 similes. The idioms were first presented without context; if the child gave an incorrect interpretation, the idiom was placed in context. Raw scores show that the SLI group performed marginally more poorly than the AFR group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the comprehension of idioms by the two groups. The same can be said for the number of literal interpretations provided by the groups. Placing the idioms in context was beneficial to both groups. The simile completion task required the children to provide the last word of each simile. For both groups, the similes task proved to be easier than the idioms task but there was again no statistically significant difference found between the two groups. The results seem to imply that children at this developmental phase, aged eight to 10, whether language impaired or not, have not yet fully grasped figurative language as a concept and need explicit instructions on figurative language. The article ends with a reflection on the suitability of idioms and similes as particular categories of figurative language in studies of this nature.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Computer-aided identification of coelacanths, latimeria chalumnae, using scale patterns
- Thornycroft, Rosanne E, Booth, Anthony J
- Authors: Thornycroft, Rosanne E , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124013 , vital:35526 , https://doi.10.1080/17451000.2011.628679
- Description: Despite coelacanths, Latimeria chalumnae, being listed as either endangered by CITES or critically endangered by the IUCN, their population size within South Africa is unknown and still needs to be estimated. Their conservation status unfortunately excludes the use of conventional tagging to mark individual animals for a possible mark-recapture experiment. This study shows that because coelacanths have a unique spot patterning it is possible to quickly and accurately identify specific individuals photographically using computer-aided identification software. Without any manual intervention by an operator, the software accurately identified between 56 and 92% of the individuals. Indentification success increased to 100% if the operator could also manually select from other potential matching photographs. It was also shown that fish exhibiting a yaw angle not exceeding 60˚ could be accurately identified in photographs, although the percentage of fish correctly identified without operator-intervention decreased rapidly with increasing yaw angle. Computer-aided identification should therefore facilitate future coelacanth research as it is both efficient and accurate while also reducing potential stress on the animals observed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Thornycroft, Rosanne E , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124013 , vital:35526 , https://doi.10.1080/17451000.2011.628679
- Description: Despite coelacanths, Latimeria chalumnae, being listed as either endangered by CITES or critically endangered by the IUCN, their population size within South Africa is unknown and still needs to be estimated. Their conservation status unfortunately excludes the use of conventional tagging to mark individual animals for a possible mark-recapture experiment. This study shows that because coelacanths have a unique spot patterning it is possible to quickly and accurately identify specific individuals photographically using computer-aided identification software. Without any manual intervention by an operator, the software accurately identified between 56 and 92% of the individuals. Indentification success increased to 100% if the operator could also manually select from other potential matching photographs. It was also shown that fish exhibiting a yaw angle not exceeding 60˚ could be accurately identified in photographs, although the percentage of fish correctly identified without operator-intervention decreased rapidly with increasing yaw angle. Computer-aided identification should therefore facilitate future coelacanth research as it is both efficient and accurate while also reducing potential stress on the animals observed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Cost-effective realisation of the Internet of Things
- Andersen, Michael, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Andersen, Michael , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427930 , vital:72474 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Irwin/publication/326225063_Cost-effec-tive_realisation_of_the_Internet_of_Things/links/5b3f2262a6fdcc8506ffe75e/Cost-effective-realisation-of-the-Internet-of-Things.pdf
- Description: A hardware and software platform, created to facilitate power usage and power quality measurements along with direct power line actuation is under development. Additional general purpose control and sensing interfaces have been integrated. Measurements are persistently stored on each node to allow asynchronous retrieval of data without the need for a central server. The device communicates using an IEEE 802.15. 4 radio transceiver to create a self-configuring mesh network. Users can interface with the mesh network by connecting to any node via USB and utilising the developed high level API and interactive environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Andersen, Michael , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427930 , vital:72474 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Irwin/publication/326225063_Cost-effec-tive_realisation_of_the_Internet_of_Things/links/5b3f2262a6fdcc8506ffe75e/Cost-effective-realisation-of-the-Internet-of-Things.pdf
- Description: A hardware and software platform, created to facilitate power usage and power quality measurements along with direct power line actuation is under development. Additional general purpose control and sensing interfaces have been integrated. Measurements are persistently stored on each node to allow asynchronous retrieval of data without the need for a central server. The device communicates using an IEEE 802.15. 4 radio transceiver to create a self-configuring mesh network. Users can interface with the mesh network by connecting to any node via USB and utilising the developed high level API and interactive environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Cutaneous myiasis: is Lucilia cuprina safe and acceptable for maggot debridement therapy?
- Kingu, Howard J, Kuria, Simon K, Villet, Martin H, Mkhize, Jane N, Dhaffala, Adupa, Iisa, John M
- Authors: Kingu, Howard J , Kuria, Simon K , Villet, Martin H , Mkhize, Jane N , Dhaffala, Adupa , Iisa, John M
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442649 , vital:74018 , DOI:10.4236/jcdsa.2012.22018
- Description: Preservation of viable tissue is important in wound management. It is achieved by small, incremental removal of devitalised, necrotic and infected tissues. Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is used in septic necrotic wounds that fail to respond to conventional modalities. MDT has relied on Lucilia cuprina, which consumes only necrotic tissues, as opposed to Lucilia cuprina, which devours both flesh and necrotic tissues. Recent findings have shown that L. cuprina consumes mainly necrotic and very small amounts of viable tissues and may be used in MDT where L. sericata is very rare or absent. Here we describe wound healing in a patient from rural South Africa with cutaneous myiasis. Our findings agree with workers who indicated that L. cuprina could be used in MDT.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Kingu, Howard J , Kuria, Simon K , Villet, Martin H , Mkhize, Jane N , Dhaffala, Adupa , Iisa, John M
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442649 , vital:74018 , DOI:10.4236/jcdsa.2012.22018
- Description: Preservation of viable tissue is important in wound management. It is achieved by small, incremental removal of devitalised, necrotic and infected tissues. Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is used in septic necrotic wounds that fail to respond to conventional modalities. MDT has relied on Lucilia cuprina, which consumes only necrotic tissues, as opposed to Lucilia cuprina, which devours both flesh and necrotic tissues. Recent findings have shown that L. cuprina consumes mainly necrotic and very small amounts of viable tissues and may be used in MDT where L. sericata is very rare or absent. Here we describe wound healing in a patient from rural South Africa with cutaneous myiasis. Our findings agree with workers who indicated that L. cuprina could be used in MDT.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
DBU-Mediated cleavage of aryl-and heteroaryl disulfides
- Nyoni, Dubekile, Lobb, Kevin A, Kaye, Perry T, Cairab, Mino R
- Authors: Nyoni, Dubekile , Lobb, Kevin A , Kaye, Perry T , Cairab, Mino R
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/448884 , vital:74768
- Description: The capacity of the nitrogen nucleophile, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) to reduce aryl- and heteroaryl disulfides to the corresponding mercaptans is demonstrated. While dicarboxylated disulfide analogues afford the mono-DBU disulfide salts, as confirmed by X-ray crystallography, the corresponding methyl esters are cleaved normally.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Nyoni, Dubekile , Lobb, Kevin A , Kaye, Perry T , Cairab, Mino R
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/448884 , vital:74768
- Description: The capacity of the nitrogen nucleophile, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) to reduce aryl- and heteroaryl disulfides to the corresponding mercaptans is demonstrated. While dicarboxylated disulfide analogues afford the mono-DBU disulfide salts, as confirmed by X-ray crystallography, the corresponding methyl esters are cleaved normally.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Design of realistic hybrid marine resource management programs in Oceania
- Aswani, Shankar, Ruddle, Kenneth
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar , Ruddle, Kenneth
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70615 , vital:29681 , https://doi.org/10.2984/67.3.11
- Description: This review article synthesizes the authors' several decades of multidisciplinary natural and social science and applied marine resource management experience in the Asia-Pacific region to examine the strengthening of coastal and marine resource management and conservation using alliances between local communities and external institutions. The objective is to assist the design of resource management and conservation programs that enhance the capacity of coastal communities in Oceania to confront both diminishing marine resources and the effects of climate change by providing guidelines for protecting marine biodiversity and vulnerable ecosystem functions. This article describes a management framework that hybridizes local beliefs and institutions expressed in customary management (CM) with such modern management concepts as marine protected areas (MPAs) and ecosystem-based management (EBM). Hybrid management accommodates the social, political, economic, and cultural contexts of Oceanic communities and, compared with recent or conventional management approaches, can therefore better address fundamental local concerns such as coastal degradation, climate change, sea level rise, weak governance, corruption, limited resources and staff to manage and monitor marine resources, and increasing poverty. Research on the hybridization of management systems demonstrates opportunities to establish context-appropriate EBM and/or other managerial arrangements that include terrestrial and adjacent coastal-marine ecosystems. Formal and informal CM systems are widespread in Oceania and in some parts of Southeast Asia, and if appropriate strategies are employed rapid progress toward hybrid CM-EBM could be enabled.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar , Ruddle, Kenneth
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70615 , vital:29681 , https://doi.org/10.2984/67.3.11
- Description: This review article synthesizes the authors' several decades of multidisciplinary natural and social science and applied marine resource management experience in the Asia-Pacific region to examine the strengthening of coastal and marine resource management and conservation using alliances between local communities and external institutions. The objective is to assist the design of resource management and conservation programs that enhance the capacity of coastal communities in Oceania to confront both diminishing marine resources and the effects of climate change by providing guidelines for protecting marine biodiversity and vulnerable ecosystem functions. This article describes a management framework that hybridizes local beliefs and institutions expressed in customary management (CM) with such modern management concepts as marine protected areas (MPAs) and ecosystem-based management (EBM). Hybrid management accommodates the social, political, economic, and cultural contexts of Oceanic communities and, compared with recent or conventional management approaches, can therefore better address fundamental local concerns such as coastal degradation, climate change, sea level rise, weak governance, corruption, limited resources and staff to manage and monitor marine resources, and increasing poverty. Research on the hybridization of management systems demonstrates opportunities to establish context-appropriate EBM and/or other managerial arrangements that include terrestrial and adjacent coastal-marine ecosystems. Formal and informal CM systems are widespread in Oceania and in some parts of Southeast Asia, and if appropriate strategies are employed rapid progress toward hybrid CM-EBM could be enabled.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Detecting impacts of invasive non-native sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, within invaded and non-invaded rivers.
- Kadye, Wilbert T, Booth, Anthony J
- Authors: Kadye, Wilbert T , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124100 , vital:35539 , https://doi.10.1007/s10531-012-0291-5
- Description: In aquatic ecosystems, impacts by invasive introduced fish can be likened to press disturbances that persistently influence communities. This study examined invasion disturbances by determining the relationship between non-native sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus and aquatic macroinvertebrates in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A Multiple Before–After Control–Impact (MBACI) experimental design was used to examine macroinvertebrate communities within two rivers: one with catfish and another one without catfish. Within the invaded river, macroinvertebrates showed little response to catfish presence, whereas predator exclusion appeared to benefit community structure. This suggests that the macroinvertebrate community within the invaded river was adapted to predation impact because of the dominance of resilient taxa, such as Hirudinea, Oligochaeta and Chironomidae that were abundant in the Impact treatment relative to the Control treatment. High macroinvertebrate diversity and richness that was observed in the Control treatment, which excluded the predator, relative to the Impact treatment suggests predator avoidance behaviour within the invaded river. By comparison, within the uninvaded river, catfish introduction into the Impact treatment plots indicated negative effects on macroinvertebrate community that was reflected by decrease in diversity, richness and biomass. A community level impact was also reflected in the multivariate analysis that indicated more variation in macroinvertebrate composition within the Impact treatment relative to the Control in the uninvaded river. Catfish impact within the uninvaded river suggests the dominance of vulnerable taxa, such as odonates that were less abundant in the Impact treatment plots after catfish introduction. From a disturbance perspective, this study revealed different macroinvertebrate responses to catfish impact, and suggests that within invaded habitats, macroinvertebrates were less responsive to catfish presence, whereas catfish introduction within uninvaded habitats demonstrated invasion impact that was shown by a decrease in the abundance of vulnerable taxa. The occurrence of non-native sharptooth catfish within many Eastern Cape rivers is a concern because of its predation impact and potential to influence trophic interrelationships, and efforts should be taken to protect uninvaded rivers, and, where possible, eradicate the invader.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Kadye, Wilbert T , Booth, Anthony J
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124100 , vital:35539 , https://doi.10.1007/s10531-012-0291-5
- Description: In aquatic ecosystems, impacts by invasive introduced fish can be likened to press disturbances that persistently influence communities. This study examined invasion disturbances by determining the relationship between non-native sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus and aquatic macroinvertebrates in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A Multiple Before–After Control–Impact (MBACI) experimental design was used to examine macroinvertebrate communities within two rivers: one with catfish and another one without catfish. Within the invaded river, macroinvertebrates showed little response to catfish presence, whereas predator exclusion appeared to benefit community structure. This suggests that the macroinvertebrate community within the invaded river was adapted to predation impact because of the dominance of resilient taxa, such as Hirudinea, Oligochaeta and Chironomidae that were abundant in the Impact treatment relative to the Control treatment. High macroinvertebrate diversity and richness that was observed in the Control treatment, which excluded the predator, relative to the Impact treatment suggests predator avoidance behaviour within the invaded river. By comparison, within the uninvaded river, catfish introduction into the Impact treatment plots indicated negative effects on macroinvertebrate community that was reflected by decrease in diversity, richness and biomass. A community level impact was also reflected in the multivariate analysis that indicated more variation in macroinvertebrate composition within the Impact treatment relative to the Control in the uninvaded river. Catfish impact within the uninvaded river suggests the dominance of vulnerable taxa, such as odonates that were less abundant in the Impact treatment plots after catfish introduction. From a disturbance perspective, this study revealed different macroinvertebrate responses to catfish impact, and suggests that within invaded habitats, macroinvertebrates were less responsive to catfish presence, whereas catfish introduction within uninvaded habitats demonstrated invasion impact that was shown by a decrease in the abundance of vulnerable taxa. The occurrence of non-native sharptooth catfish within many Eastern Cape rivers is a concern because of its predation impact and potential to influence trophic interrelationships, and efforts should be taken to protect uninvaded rivers, and, where possible, eradicate the invader.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Developing images of self: childhood, youth and family photographs in works by three South African women artists
- Authors: Schmahmann, Brenda
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147571 , vital:38650 , https://doi.org/10.1162/AFAR_a_00024
- Description: In 1996, South African artist Bridget Baker (b. 1971), completed So It Goes (Fig. 1), a work comprising four Vicks Vapour Rub containers which each feature the same photograph. A representation of the artist being taught to swim by her father, who died when she was a child, this is the only shot she possesses that shows them together. The photograph is overlaid with progressively increased amounts of the Vapour Rub until, in the last of the four tins, the image is almost entirely obliterated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Schmahmann, Brenda
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147571 , vital:38650 , https://doi.org/10.1162/AFAR_a_00024
- Description: In 1996, South African artist Bridget Baker (b. 1971), completed So It Goes (Fig. 1), a work comprising four Vicks Vapour Rub containers which each feature the same photograph. A representation of the artist being taught to swim by her father, who died when she was a child, this is the only shot she possesses that shows them together. The photograph is overlaid with progressively increased amounts of the Vapour Rub until, in the last of the four tins, the image is almost entirely obliterated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Differential regulation of monocyte cytokine release by αV and β2 integrins that bind CD23:
- Edkins, Adrienne L, Borland, Gillian, Acharya, Mridu, Cogdell, Richard, Ozanne, Bradford W, Cushley, William
- Authors: Edkins, Adrienne L , Borland, Gillian , Acharya, Mridu , Cogdell, Richard , Ozanne, Bradford W , Cushley, William
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165153 , vital:41213 , DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03576.x
- Description: The human soluble CD23 (sCD23) protein displays highly pleiotropic cytokine‐like activity. Monocytic cells express the sCD23‐binding integrins αVβ3, αVβ5, αMβ2 and αXβ2, but it is unclear which of these four integrins most acutely regulates sCD23‐driven cytokine release. The hypothesis that ligation of different sCD23‐binding integrins promoted release of distinct subsets of cytokines was tested. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sCD23 promoted release of distinct groups of cytokines from the THP‐1 model cell line.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Edkins, Adrienne L , Borland, Gillian , Acharya, Mridu , Cogdell, Richard , Ozanne, Bradford W , Cushley, William
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165153 , vital:41213 , DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03576.x
- Description: The human soluble CD23 (sCD23) protein displays highly pleiotropic cytokine‐like activity. Monocytic cells express the sCD23‐binding integrins αVβ3, αVβ5, αMβ2 and αXβ2, but it is unclear which of these four integrins most acutely regulates sCD23‐driven cytokine release. The hypothesis that ligation of different sCD23‐binding integrins promoted release of distinct subsets of cytokines was tested. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sCD23 promoted release of distinct groups of cytokines from the THP‐1 model cell line.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Dragging young people down the drain: the mobile phone, gossip mobile website Outoilet and the creation of a mobile ghetto
- Authors: Schoon, Alette
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147858 , vital:38679 , DOI: 10.1080/02560046.2012.744723
- Description: This qualitative study uses the domestication model to describe how a geographically based gossip mobile website, Outoilet (old toilet), helped to shape the meanings of everyday life for young adults in Hooggenoeg, a poor black low-income urban settlement in Grahamstown, South Africa. All the residents here know one another and there is very little privacy, and the mobile phone, during the period of this research, reinforced the lack of privacy through gossip. Such gossip promoted an inward-looking collective sociability. As this article demonstrates, subjects of gossip avoided the streets to escape collective surveillance. Outoilet's explicit sexual language seemed to target those who attempted social mobility by replicating local discourses of respectability and shame. Contrary to findings from other contexts, the mobile phone here thus promoted a collective sociability and may have discouraged mobility as well as economic development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Schoon, Alette
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147858 , vital:38679 , DOI: 10.1080/02560046.2012.744723
- Description: This qualitative study uses the domestication model to describe how a geographically based gossip mobile website, Outoilet (old toilet), helped to shape the meanings of everyday life for young adults in Hooggenoeg, a poor black low-income urban settlement in Grahamstown, South Africa. All the residents here know one another and there is very little privacy, and the mobile phone, during the period of this research, reinforced the lack of privacy through gossip. Such gossip promoted an inward-looking collective sociability. As this article demonstrates, subjects of gossip avoided the streets to escape collective surveillance. Outoilet's explicit sexual language seemed to target those who attempted social mobility by replicating local discourses of respectability and shame. Contrary to findings from other contexts, the mobile phone here thus promoted a collective sociability and may have discouraged mobility as well as economic development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Effects of altered estuarine submerged macrophyte bed cover on the omnivorous Cape stumpnose Rhabdosargus holubi
- Sheppard, Jill N, Whitfield, Alan K, Cowley, Paul D, Hill, Jaclyn M
- Authors: Sheppard, Jill N , Whitfield, Alan K , Cowley, Paul D , Hill, Jaclyn M
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/444676 , vital:74259 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03197.x
- Description: The ecological importance of submerged macrophyte beds to fishes within estuaries was investigated through the example of the ubiquitous Cape stumpnose Rhabdosargus holubi, an omnivorous, vegetation and estuary‐dependent species, using stable‐isotope techniques and long‐term abundance (catch‐per‐unit‐effort) data from the East Kleinemonde Estuary, South Africa. Outputs from a Bayesian mixing model using δ13C and δ15N signatures indicated that the submerged macrophytes Ruppia cirrhosa and Potamogeton pectinatus were not a primary source of nutrition for R. holubi, confirming previous work that revealed that macrophytes are consumed but not digested. Long‐term seine netting data showed reduced abundance of R. holubi during a prolonged period of macrophyte senescence, suggesting that submerged macrophyte habitats provide shelter that reduces mortality (predation risk) and a food‐rich foraging area.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Sheppard, Jill N , Whitfield, Alan K , Cowley, Paul D , Hill, Jaclyn M
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/444676 , vital:74259 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03197.x
- Description: The ecological importance of submerged macrophyte beds to fishes within estuaries was investigated through the example of the ubiquitous Cape stumpnose Rhabdosargus holubi, an omnivorous, vegetation and estuary‐dependent species, using stable‐isotope techniques and long‐term abundance (catch‐per‐unit‐effort) data from the East Kleinemonde Estuary, South Africa. Outputs from a Bayesian mixing model using δ13C and δ15N signatures indicated that the submerged macrophytes Ruppia cirrhosa and Potamogeton pectinatus were not a primary source of nutrition for R. holubi, confirming previous work that revealed that macrophytes are consumed but not digested. Long‐term seine netting data showed reduced abundance of R. holubi during a prolonged period of macrophyte senescence, suggesting that submerged macrophyte habitats provide shelter that reduces mortality (predation risk) and a food‐rich foraging area.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Electrocatalytic behavior of cobalt phthalocyanine complexes immobilized on glassy carbon electrode towards the reduction of dicrotophos pesticide
- Vilakazi, Sibulelo, Nyokong, Tebello, Fukuda, Takamitsu, Kobayashi, Nagao
- Authors: Vilakazi, Sibulelo , Nyokong, Tebello , Fukuda, Takamitsu , Kobayashi, Nagao
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/245832 , vital:51409 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424612501040"
- Description: Electrocatalytic properties of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), cobalt tetra-carboxy phthalocyanine (CoTCPc) and cobalt octa-carboxy (CoOCPc), towards the detection of dicrotophos have been studied. Catalytic behavior towards the reduction of dicrotophos was found to be dependent on the pH, as well as the substitution on the phthalocyanine ring. Strong electron withdrawing groups on the phthalocyanine ring yielded best catalysis as evidenced by the enhancement of the reduction peak current, (~5 fold) compared to the bare glassy carbon electrode. The analysis gave a good detection limit of 1.25 × 10-7 M, and good linearity for the studied concentration range. A high Tafel slope value was obtained, indicating a strong interaction between dicrotophos and the cobalt phthalocyanine complex.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Vilakazi, Sibulelo , Nyokong, Tebello , Fukuda, Takamitsu , Kobayashi, Nagao
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/245832 , vital:51409 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424612501040"
- Description: Electrocatalytic properties of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), cobalt tetra-carboxy phthalocyanine (CoTCPc) and cobalt octa-carboxy (CoOCPc), towards the detection of dicrotophos have been studied. Catalytic behavior towards the reduction of dicrotophos was found to be dependent on the pH, as well as the substitution on the phthalocyanine ring. Strong electron withdrawing groups on the phthalocyanine ring yielded best catalysis as evidenced by the enhancement of the reduction peak current, (~5 fold) compared to the bare glassy carbon electrode. The analysis gave a good detection limit of 1.25 × 10-7 M, and good linearity for the studied concentration range. A high Tafel slope value was obtained, indicating a strong interaction between dicrotophos and the cobalt phthalocyanine complex.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Electrospun polyacrylic acid polymer fibers functionalized with metallophthalocyanines for photosensitizing and gas sensing applications
- Zugle, Ruphino, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Zugle, Ruphino , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243543 , vital:51162 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2012.662006"
- Description: The photophysical and photochemical properties of tetraaminophthalocyanine complexes of lutetium and zinc covalently linked to polyacrylic acid were studied alongside those of unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanine within the same polymeric fiber matrix. All three phthalocyanines within the solid fiber matrices showed photoactivity by the generation of singlet oxygen as was observed in solution. The fluorescence behaviors of the composite fibers equally parallel those in solution. For the unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanine composite, the fiber showed fluorescence quenching on interaction with gaseous nitrogen dioxide similar to that in DMF and, thus could be a promising nanofabric material in developing optoelectronic devices that are responsive to the gas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Zugle, Ruphino , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/243543 , vital:51162 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2012.662006"
- Description: The photophysical and photochemical properties of tetraaminophthalocyanine complexes of lutetium and zinc covalently linked to polyacrylic acid were studied alongside those of unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanine within the same polymeric fiber matrix. All three phthalocyanines within the solid fiber matrices showed photoactivity by the generation of singlet oxygen as was observed in solution. The fluorescence behaviors of the composite fibers equally parallel those in solution. For the unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanine composite, the fiber showed fluorescence quenching on interaction with gaseous nitrogen dioxide similar to that in DMF and, thus could be a promising nanofabric material in developing optoelectronic devices that are responsive to the gas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012