Application of carbon black and iron phthalocyanine composites in bioelectricity production at a brewery wastewater fed microbial fuel cell
- Mshoperi, Edith, Fogel, Ronen, Limson, Janice
- Authors: Mshoperi, Edith , Fogel, Ronen , Limson, Janice
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431050 , vital:72740 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.01"
- Description: Aerobic cathode microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been widely researched to provide bioremediation of wastewaters, coupled to sustainable energy production. In order to effectively accomplish this aim, suitable catalysts and catalyst supports for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are required. While iron phthaloycanine (FePc), supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes has previously been studied for this function, cost of industrial production may hinder this. Importantly, this study examines the use of several available grades of carbon black for their relative suitability to perform as supports for FePc in MFC formats. Voltammetric studies showed that the different grades of carbon black provided varying lowering of the ORR overpotential, between ∼160 and ∼270 mV relative to unmodified GCEs, and an optimum grade (N326) was selected for further study. Carbon black/FePC composite electrodes exhibited comparable lowering of the ORR overpotential (606 mV) to potentials previously reported to nanotube/FePc composites (620 mV), as well as lowered charge-transfer resistance compared to electrodes solely modified with FePc. When applied as cathode modifiers in dual chambered MFCs utilising Enterobacter cloacae, the combined use of carbon black and FePc provided greater power densities than either alone; composite electrodes obtaining ∼400% power density, compared to unmodified electrodes. Modification of the anode with carbon black further increased power density, generating power densities an order of magnitude larger than those obtained at unmodified electrodes. The ability of beer brewery waste water (BBWW) to generate power at these modified surfaces yielded permissible power densities (∼40% that of reinforced clostridial media). Differences observed, in particular under agitation, are attributed to variations in nutrient content and nutrient complexity, between the two fuel substrates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Mshoperi, Edith , Fogel, Ronen , Limson, Janice
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431050 , vital:72740 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.01"
- Description: Aerobic cathode microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been widely researched to provide bioremediation of wastewaters, coupled to sustainable energy production. In order to effectively accomplish this aim, suitable catalysts and catalyst supports for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are required. While iron phthaloycanine (FePc), supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes has previously been studied for this function, cost of industrial production may hinder this. Importantly, this study examines the use of several available grades of carbon black for their relative suitability to perform as supports for FePc in MFC formats. Voltammetric studies showed that the different grades of carbon black provided varying lowering of the ORR overpotential, between ∼160 and ∼270 mV relative to unmodified GCEs, and an optimum grade (N326) was selected for further study. Carbon black/FePC composite electrodes exhibited comparable lowering of the ORR overpotential (606 mV) to potentials previously reported to nanotube/FePc composites (620 mV), as well as lowered charge-transfer resistance compared to electrodes solely modified with FePc. When applied as cathode modifiers in dual chambered MFCs utilising Enterobacter cloacae, the combined use of carbon black and FePc provided greater power densities than either alone; composite electrodes obtaining ∼400% power density, compared to unmodified electrodes. Modification of the anode with carbon black further increased power density, generating power densities an order of magnitude larger than those obtained at unmodified electrodes. The ability of beer brewery waste water (BBWW) to generate power at these modified surfaces yielded permissible power densities (∼40% that of reinforced clostridial media). Differences observed, in particular under agitation, are attributed to variations in nutrient content and nutrient complexity, between the two fuel substrates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Comparison of fluorophore and peroxidase labeled aptamer assays for MUC1 detection in cancer cells
- Flanagan, Shane, Limson, Janice, Fogel, Ronen
- Authors: Flanagan, Shane , Limson, Janice , Fogel, Ronen
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431076 , vital:72742 , xlink:href="10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981720"
- Description: Aptamers hold great promise for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Several biosensors incorporate aptamers as biorecognition elements for tumor markers although few evaluate their detection in a native conformation and cellular micro-environment. In this study, fluorophore and peroxidase labeled aptamer configurations were compared for the detection of MCF7 breast and SW620 colon cancer cell lines expressing the tumor marker MUC1. Fluorescence based detection showed selective binding to the cell lines relative to a nonbinding control sequence with sequence specific binding differences between MUC1 aptamers accredited to variation in the glycosylation state of expressed MUC1. The peroxidase labeled assay showed high detection sensitivity although low binding specificity was observed for the MUC1 aptamers to the cell lines. Results suggest that aptamers susceptible to non specific binding to cells may limit the applicability of enzymatic amplification to improve aptasensor sensitivity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Flanagan, Shane , Limson, Janice , Fogel, Ronen
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431076 , vital:72742 , xlink:href="10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981720"
- Description: Aptamers hold great promise for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Several biosensors incorporate aptamers as biorecognition elements for tumor markers although few evaluate their detection in a native conformation and cellular micro-environment. In this study, fluorophore and peroxidase labeled aptamer configurations were compared for the detection of MCF7 breast and SW620 colon cancer cell lines expressing the tumor marker MUC1. Fluorescence based detection showed selective binding to the cell lines relative to a nonbinding control sequence with sequence specific binding differences between MUC1 aptamers accredited to variation in the glycosylation state of expressed MUC1. The peroxidase labeled assay showed high detection sensitivity although low binding specificity was observed for the MUC1 aptamers to the cell lines. Results suggest that aptamers susceptible to non specific binding to cells may limit the applicability of enzymatic amplification to improve aptasensor sensitivity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Electrochemical inclusion of catechol into singlewalled carbon nanotubes: application for sensors
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Limson, Janice
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431090 , vital:72743 , xlink:href="10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981727"
- Description: We report on the use of catechol for the electrochemical activation of acid-functionalised single-walled carbon nanotubes immobilised on glassy carbon electrodes. Following well-published methods for catechol activation of bare glassy carbon electrodes, these studies show the efficacy of extending the method to activation of carbon nanotubes. Voltammetric scans in catechol show an increase in current response of 37 μA for the catechol redox pair over a maximum of three cycles during the catechol activation step. An increase in the ease of electron flow is indicated by a larger value for K app , which corresponds to a decrease in R ct obtained during impedance measurements. Catechol activation enhanced electron transfer, potentially afforded by an ease of electron passage due to a decrease in the resistance of the layer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Oni, Joshua , Limson, Janice
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431090 , vital:72743 , xlink:href="10.1109/BioCAS.2014.6981727"
- Description: We report on the use of catechol for the electrochemical activation of acid-functionalised single-walled carbon nanotubes immobilised on glassy carbon electrodes. Following well-published methods for catechol activation of bare glassy carbon electrodes, these studies show the efficacy of extending the method to activation of carbon nanotubes. Voltammetric scans in catechol show an increase in current response of 37 μA for the catechol redox pair over a maximum of three cycles during the catechol activation step. An increase in the ease of electron flow is indicated by a larger value for K app , which corresponds to a decrease in R ct obtained during impedance measurements. Catechol activation enhanced electron transfer, potentially afforded by an ease of electron passage due to a decrease in the resistance of the layer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Voltammetric investigation of complex growth media at a bare glassy carbon electrode: a case study of oxytetracycline
- Kruid, Jan, Fogel Ronen, Limson, Janice
- Authors: Kruid, Jan , Fogel Ronen , Limson, Janice
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431206 , vital:72753 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.188"
- Description: Reports regarding the voltammetric properties of microbiological growth media are scarce in the literature and limited focus has been placed towards the application of electroanalysis for analyte monitoring in these complex media. This work aims to investigate the viability of voltammetry as a quantification method for analytes in microbiological growth media, using oxytetracycline (OTC) as a model analyte. Analysis of both commercially available and laboratory prepared growth media indicated the presence of interfering media components which produced anodic peaks at potentials ranging from ∼+0.85 V to ∼+1.30 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) under acidic conditions and ∼+0.62 V to ∼+1.35 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) under neutral pH. These peaks were identified as originating from proteinaceous components of growth media and correlated to the presence of peptone, malt extract and yeast extract. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated significant increases in the charge transfer resistance for Fe(CN)63−/4− redox probes at glassy carbon electrodes in the presence of peptone-comprised media (130.3 Ω) compared to media-free buffer (50.4 Ω). Adsorption of the aforementioned media components to the electrode surface thus contributes to analytical interference through faradaic and non-faradaic processes. By adapting the growth media for analyte detection purposes, this study proves the feasibility of detecting OTC, as well as the use of dilution of the media to further decrease the interferent effects of growth media. A 50-fold dilution of the media provided a 96.7% recovery of the OTC peak current at 20 μM concentration. The empirical detection limit of OTC in 50-fold diluted media was determined to be 0.5 μM, which makes it applicable to current industrial OTC fermentation processes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Kruid, Jan , Fogel Ronen , Limson, Janice
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431206 , vital:72753 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.188"
- Description: Reports regarding the voltammetric properties of microbiological growth media are scarce in the literature and limited focus has been placed towards the application of electroanalysis for analyte monitoring in these complex media. This work aims to investigate the viability of voltammetry as a quantification method for analytes in microbiological growth media, using oxytetracycline (OTC) as a model analyte. Analysis of both commercially available and laboratory prepared growth media indicated the presence of interfering media components which produced anodic peaks at potentials ranging from ∼+0.85 V to ∼+1.30 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) under acidic conditions and ∼+0.62 V to ∼+1.35 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) under neutral pH. These peaks were identified as originating from proteinaceous components of growth media and correlated to the presence of peptone, malt extract and yeast extract. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated significant increases in the charge transfer resistance for Fe(CN)63−/4− redox probes at glassy carbon electrodes in the presence of peptone-comprised media (130.3 Ω) compared to media-free buffer (50.4 Ω). Adsorption of the aforementioned media components to the electrode surface thus contributes to analytical interference through faradaic and non-faradaic processes. By adapting the growth media for analyte detection purposes, this study proves the feasibility of detecting OTC, as well as the use of dilution of the media to further decrease the interferent effects of growth media. A 50-fold dilution of the media provided a 96.7% recovery of the OTC peak current at 20 μM concentration. The empirical detection limit of OTC in 50-fold diluted media was determined to be 0.5 μM, which makes it applicable to current industrial OTC fermentation processes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
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