Thermoluminescence of synthetic quartz annealed beyond its second phase inversion temperature
- Authors: Mthwesi, Zuko
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/46077 , vital:25577
- Description: Thermoluminescence of synthetic quartz annealed at 1000 ºC for 10 minutes has been studied. The aim was to study mechanisms of thermoluminescence in annealed synthetic quartz and to discuss the results in terms of the physics of point defects. The sample was irradiated with a beta dose of 10 Gy of beta radiation and then heated at a linear heating rate of 1 ºC.s-1 up to 500 ºC. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve consists of three glow peaks. Peak I at 74 0C (main peak) with high intensity as compared to the other two peaks. Peak II at 144 ºC is more intense than peak III at 180 ºC. This study was on the main peak (MP) at 74 ºC and peak III at 180 ºC. Kinetic analysis was carried out to determine the trap depth E, frequency factor s and the order of kinetics b of both peaks using the initial rise, peak shape, variable heating rate, glow curve deconvolution and isothermal TL methods. The values of kinetic parameters obtained were around 0.7 to 1.0 eV for trap depth and in the interval of 108 to 1015 s-¹ for frequency factor for both peaks. The effect of heating rate from 0.5 to 5 ºC.s-¹ on the TL peak intensity and peak temperature was observed. Also the effect of thermal quenching was observed at high heating rates. Since the TL glow curve has overlapping TL peaks, the Tm-Tstop method from 54 ºC up to 64 ºC and E -Tstop methods were introduced where a first order single peak was observed. Phototransfered thermoluminescence (PTTL) was investigated and characterized by three peaks. First PTTL peak I at 72 ºC, peak II at 134 ºC and peak III at 176 ºC. Analysis was carried out on peaks I and III for the effect of dose dependence from 20-200 Gy. Thermal fading was observed on PTTL peaks I and III, after storage time of 30 minutes.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mthwesi, Zuko
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/46077 , vital:25577
- Description: Thermoluminescence of synthetic quartz annealed at 1000 ºC for 10 minutes has been studied. The aim was to study mechanisms of thermoluminescence in annealed synthetic quartz and to discuss the results in terms of the physics of point defects. The sample was irradiated with a beta dose of 10 Gy of beta radiation and then heated at a linear heating rate of 1 ºC.s-1 up to 500 ºC. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve consists of three glow peaks. Peak I at 74 0C (main peak) with high intensity as compared to the other two peaks. Peak II at 144 ºC is more intense than peak III at 180 ºC. This study was on the main peak (MP) at 74 ºC and peak III at 180 ºC. Kinetic analysis was carried out to determine the trap depth E, frequency factor s and the order of kinetics b of both peaks using the initial rise, peak shape, variable heating rate, glow curve deconvolution and isothermal TL methods. The values of kinetic parameters obtained were around 0.7 to 1.0 eV for trap depth and in the interval of 108 to 1015 s-¹ for frequency factor for both peaks. The effect of heating rate from 0.5 to 5 ºC.s-¹ on the TL peak intensity and peak temperature was observed. Also the effect of thermal quenching was observed at high heating rates. Since the TL glow curve has overlapping TL peaks, the Tm-Tstop method from 54 ºC up to 64 ºC and E -Tstop methods were introduced where a first order single peak was observed. Phototransfered thermoluminescence (PTTL) was investigated and characterized by three peaks. First PTTL peak I at 72 ºC, peak II at 134 ºC and peak III at 176 ºC. Analysis was carried out on peaks I and III for the effect of dose dependence from 20-200 Gy. Thermal fading was observed on PTTL peaks I and III, after storage time of 30 minutes.
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Thermoluminescence of the main peak in SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+: spectral and kinetics features of secondary emission detected in the ultra-violet region
- Authors: Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124197 , vital:35575 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.12.001
- Description: We report the thermoluminescence of SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ measured in the ultra-violet region of the spectrum between 300 and 400 nm. Complementary measurements of X-ray excited optical luminescence confirm emission bands of stimulated luminescence in this region. As a further test, optically stimulated luminescence was also measured in this region. The glow curve measured at 1 °C s−1 following irradiation to various doses appears simple and single but is in reality a collection of several components. This was shown by results from the Tm-Tstop method on both ends of the peak, application of thermal cleaning beyond the peak maximum as well as the dependence of the peak on fading. The latter shows that new peaks appear as preceding ones fade. Kinetic analysis of some of the main peaks was carried out giving an activation energy of 0.6 eV. The implication of the results on measurement of phosphorescence, interpretation of dose response and fading is discussed.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124197 , vital:35575 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.12.001
- Description: We report the thermoluminescence of SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ measured in the ultra-violet region of the spectrum between 300 and 400 nm. Complementary measurements of X-ray excited optical luminescence confirm emission bands of stimulated luminescence in this region. As a further test, optically stimulated luminescence was also measured in this region. The glow curve measured at 1 °C s−1 following irradiation to various doses appears simple and single but is in reality a collection of several components. This was shown by results from the Tm-Tstop method on both ends of the peak, application of thermal cleaning beyond the peak maximum as well as the dependence of the peak on fading. The latter shows that new peaks appear as preceding ones fade. Kinetic analysis of some of the main peaks was carried out giving an activation energy of 0.6 eV. The implication of the results on measurement of phosphorescence, interpretation of dose response and fading is discussed.
- Full Text: false
Thermoluminescence of α-Al2O3: C, Mg: kinetic analysis of the main glow peak
- Kalita, Jitumani M, Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/119844 , vital:34788 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2016.10.031
- Description: The kinetic analysis of the thermoluminescence of aluminium oxide doped with carbon and co-doped with magnesium (α-Al2O3:C,Mg) is reported. Measurements were made at 1 °C/s following beta irradiation to 1 Gy. The glow curve consists of a dominant peak at a peak-maximum Tm of 161 °C and six secondary peaks of weaker intensity at 42, 72, 193, 279, 330 and 370 °C. Kinetic analysis of the main peak, the subject of this report, was carried out using initial rise, whole glow peak, peak shape, curve fitting and variable heating rate methods. The order of kinetics of the main peak was determined as first order using various methods including the Tm–Tstop technique and the dependence of Tm on irradiation dose. The activation energy of the peak is about ~1.36 eV and the frequency factor of the order of 1014 s−1. The peak area changes with heating rate in a manner that shows that the peak is affected by thermal quenching. The activation energy of thermal quenching was evaluated as 0.99±0.08 eV. A comparison of analytical results from the main peak before and after correction for thermal quenching show that the kinetic parameters of the main peak are not that affected by thermal quenching.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Kalita, Jitumani M , Chithambo, Makaiko L
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/119844 , vital:34788 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2016.10.031
- Description: The kinetic analysis of the thermoluminescence of aluminium oxide doped with carbon and co-doped with magnesium (α-Al2O3:C,Mg) is reported. Measurements were made at 1 °C/s following beta irradiation to 1 Gy. The glow curve consists of a dominant peak at a peak-maximum Tm of 161 °C and six secondary peaks of weaker intensity at 42, 72, 193, 279, 330 and 370 °C. Kinetic analysis of the main peak, the subject of this report, was carried out using initial rise, whole glow peak, peak shape, curve fitting and variable heating rate methods. The order of kinetics of the main peak was determined as first order using various methods including the Tm–Tstop technique and the dependence of Tm on irradiation dose. The activation energy of the peak is about ~1.36 eV and the frequency factor of the order of 1014 s−1. The peak area changes with heating rate in a manner that shows that the peak is affected by thermal quenching. The activation energy of thermal quenching was evaluated as 0.99±0.08 eV. A comparison of analytical results from the main peak before and after correction for thermal quenching show that the kinetic parameters of the main peak are not that affected by thermal quenching.
- Full Text: false
These aesthetics are not new: Post-Internet conditions and their effect on contemporary ideas of representation in Painting
- Authors: Grecia, Callan
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Art and the internet , Digital media -- Philosophy , Technology and the arts , Aesthetics , Painting -- Philosophy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/46333 , vital:25601
- Description: These Aesthetics Are Not New draws inspiration from the effect of digital technological progress on a consumer society. The Internet as a source of ubiquitous imagery reaffirms the idea that in a Post-Internet age there is nothing new, only conditions affected by a networked way of life. In this thesis I attempt to question contemporary ideas of representation and art making, specifically within the medium of oil paint, in a digitally consumed culture of instantaneous access. I interrogate the repetitive imagery that pervades our online experiences, and I speak about how I use my grasp of painterly knowledge and lexicon to replicate digital conditions in the real world to further cement my position that contemporary aesthetics, (digital, physical or both) are not new. I first introduce the reader to the idea of the Post-Internet, exploring the digital’s encroachment on our physical spaces and it’s relation to the politics of the medium of Oil Paint. I then address the concept of the Image-Object, and unpack this idea by comparing and contrasting emoji’s in relation to gestural mark making and the ascription of meaning through iconographic methods in Oil Painting. This culminates in an analysis of my physical practice in relation to these ideas, and concludes with my observations on the future of our ways of seeing, as affected by the Internet and technological progression.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Grecia, Callan
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Art and the internet , Digital media -- Philosophy , Technology and the arts , Aesthetics , Painting -- Philosophy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/46333 , vital:25601
- Description: These Aesthetics Are Not New draws inspiration from the effect of digital technological progress on a consumer society. The Internet as a source of ubiquitous imagery reaffirms the idea that in a Post-Internet age there is nothing new, only conditions affected by a networked way of life. In this thesis I attempt to question contemporary ideas of representation and art making, specifically within the medium of oil paint, in a digitally consumed culture of instantaneous access. I interrogate the repetitive imagery that pervades our online experiences, and I speak about how I use my grasp of painterly knowledge and lexicon to replicate digital conditions in the real world to further cement my position that contemporary aesthetics, (digital, physical or both) are not new. I first introduce the reader to the idea of the Post-Internet, exploring the digital’s encroachment on our physical spaces and it’s relation to the politics of the medium of Oil Paint. I then address the concept of the Image-Object, and unpack this idea by comparing and contrasting emoji’s in relation to gestural mark making and the ascription of meaning through iconographic methods in Oil Painting. This culminates in an analysis of my physical practice in relation to these ideas, and concludes with my observations on the future of our ways of seeing, as affected by the Internet and technological progression.
- Full Text:
The‘person without the person’ in the early work of Paul Emmanuel:
- Authors: Bronner, Irene
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147737 , vital:38666 , https://doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2012.11877161
- Description: Paul Emmanuel’s early prints and incised drawings represent the human body as a presence that either is not easily seen, actively disappears or erases itself, or is entirely absent. In doing so, these still life and landscape works metaphorically explore inner, psychological ‘landscapes’, both conscious and unconscious. By drawing deliberate attention to his oblique and deceptive surfaces, Emmanuel’s process, medium and subject matter may be said to express subjectivity as a process of materialisation, as formed through the contingencies and inconsistencies of vision, experience and memory. To ‘see’ this process, and to understand what Emmanuel means by ‘seeing and not seeing’, I consider two strategies that Emmanuel arguably employs to disrupt viewing: partial, fragmented and multiple perspectives and empty clothing abandoned in landscapes.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bronner, Irene
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147737 , vital:38666 , https://doi.org/10.1080/00043389.2012.11877161
- Description: Paul Emmanuel’s early prints and incised drawings represent the human body as a presence that either is not easily seen, actively disappears or erases itself, or is entirely absent. In doing so, these still life and landscape works metaphorically explore inner, psychological ‘landscapes’, both conscious and unconscious. By drawing deliberate attention to his oblique and deceptive surfaces, Emmanuel’s process, medium and subject matter may be said to express subjectivity as a process of materialisation, as formed through the contingencies and inconsistencies of vision, experience and memory. To ‘see’ this process, and to understand what Emmanuel means by ‘seeing and not seeing’, I consider two strategies that Emmanuel arguably employs to disrupt viewing: partial, fragmented and multiple perspectives and empty clothing abandoned in landscapes.
- Full Text:
Towards a framework for assessing the sustainability of local economic development based on natural resources: honeybush tea in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Polak, James S, Snowball, Jeanette D
- Authors: Polak, James S , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69201 , vital:29445 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2016.1196348
- Description: Despite the popularity of local economic development (LED) as a job creation and economic growth strategy in South Africa, many LED projects have not proved to be sustainable in the long-run, especially where human systems interact with biological ones. This article examines the relationship between sustainability and LED within the context of the emerging honeybush tea industry in the Eastern Cape. Data were gathered from provincial as well as local government policy documents and reports, and via key informant interviews. The data were analysed using Connelly’s [(2007). Mapping sustainable development as a contested concept. Local Environment, 12 (3), 259–278] three pronged approach to sustainable development as a lens through which to view the local industry. Findings showed that the industry offers many opportunities for development, including job creation in poorer, rural households; sustainable wild harvesting using a permit system; commercial cultivation; potential to develop social capital; potential for community-based LED; and product diversification. However, there are also corresponding challenges: There is currently no reliable data on the maximum sustainable yield, which is needed to guide quota allocations for entrepreneurial harvesters harvesting from wild stocks; possible biodiversity loss; and enforcing the permit scheme is proving difficult in remote rural areas.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Polak, James S , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69201 , vital:29445 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2016.1196348
- Description: Despite the popularity of local economic development (LED) as a job creation and economic growth strategy in South Africa, many LED projects have not proved to be sustainable in the long-run, especially where human systems interact with biological ones. This article examines the relationship between sustainability and LED within the context of the emerging honeybush tea industry in the Eastern Cape. Data were gathered from provincial as well as local government policy documents and reports, and via key informant interviews. The data were analysed using Connelly’s [(2007). Mapping sustainable development as a contested concept. Local Environment, 12 (3), 259–278] three pronged approach to sustainable development as a lens through which to view the local industry. Findings showed that the industry offers many opportunities for development, including job creation in poorer, rural households; sustainable wild harvesting using a permit system; commercial cultivation; potential to develop social capital; potential for community-based LED; and product diversification. However, there are also corresponding challenges: There is currently no reliable data on the maximum sustainable yield, which is needed to guide quota allocations for entrepreneurial harvesters harvesting from wild stocks; possible biodiversity loss; and enforcing the permit scheme is proving difficult in remote rural areas.
- Full Text: false
Towards a holistic view of land and water management in the Gamtoos River catchment: applying a political geoecology approach
- Authors: Robb, Breanne Nicola
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7914 , vital:21323
- Description: The Eastern Cape of South Africa is characterised by water scarcity, constraint on usage, and inter-basin transfers. Water from the Gamtoos River catchment supplies water users both within the catchment and outside the catchment boundaries. This requires careful management of water and land to prevent overexploitation. However, management is complex as it is divided among various stakeholders with differing interests. Political geoecology is an approach that has the potential to provide holistic insight into the catchment’s water context. It was proposed to account for spatial patterns underlying interrelationships between resource distribution, human productive activity, and power relations by integrating the fields of political ecology and geoecology. This research was undertaken to further develop political geoecology as an approach for examining human-environment relations in geography through a case study of land and water management in the Gamtoos River catchment and its subcatchments. Distribution of resources and human influences were elucidated through generation of maps. To facilitate spatial analysis, the study area was delineated into catchment zones. Additionally, stakeholders were identified and classified at local, regional, national, and international levels. Power relations between stakeholders were investigated through qualitative content analysis of transcribed semi-structured interviews and survey questionnaires that were administered to 34 research participants (selected through purposive and snowball sampling) directly involved in resource management in the catchment. Findings were spatially interpreted for each of the zones. The source zone was characterised by natural vegetation, steep, rugged topography, limited access ability, and power relations around restoration and conservation interests, which arose most significantly in the Baviaanskloof. The natural recapture zone was characterised by irrigated cultivation in areas of less harsh terrain in the upstream (Baviaanskloof and Kouga) sub-catchments. In the marginal Baviaanskloof, localised power relations over water distribution primarily arose. In the thriving commercial farming context of the Kouga, power relations included a local upstream-downstream legal conflict, competing levels of governance, issues with establishing water users’ associations (WUAs), and lack of adequate implementation of processes by government. Regional power relations are most prominent in the thriving commercial farming context of the overlapping regulated recapture and final use zones in the downstream Gamtoos sub-catchment. The reliance on upstream sub-catchments and tensions with the city of Port Elizabeth over water use are mediated through decisions made at the national level. Non-location specific power relations included indirect influence through energy, markets, and standards organisations, barriers in government preventing successful process implementation, and equity issues (particularly limiting the success of emerging farmers). These results illustrated that resource distribution, human productive activity, and power relations combine to produce unique characteristics in each of the zones in the Gamtoos catchment. The application of political geoecology in this case study situated the approach as useful for examining human- environment relations in geography.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Robb, Breanne Nicola
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7914 , vital:21323
- Description: The Eastern Cape of South Africa is characterised by water scarcity, constraint on usage, and inter-basin transfers. Water from the Gamtoos River catchment supplies water users both within the catchment and outside the catchment boundaries. This requires careful management of water and land to prevent overexploitation. However, management is complex as it is divided among various stakeholders with differing interests. Political geoecology is an approach that has the potential to provide holistic insight into the catchment’s water context. It was proposed to account for spatial patterns underlying interrelationships between resource distribution, human productive activity, and power relations by integrating the fields of political ecology and geoecology. This research was undertaken to further develop political geoecology as an approach for examining human-environment relations in geography through a case study of land and water management in the Gamtoos River catchment and its subcatchments. Distribution of resources and human influences were elucidated through generation of maps. To facilitate spatial analysis, the study area was delineated into catchment zones. Additionally, stakeholders were identified and classified at local, regional, national, and international levels. Power relations between stakeholders were investigated through qualitative content analysis of transcribed semi-structured interviews and survey questionnaires that were administered to 34 research participants (selected through purposive and snowball sampling) directly involved in resource management in the catchment. Findings were spatially interpreted for each of the zones. The source zone was characterised by natural vegetation, steep, rugged topography, limited access ability, and power relations around restoration and conservation interests, which arose most significantly in the Baviaanskloof. The natural recapture zone was characterised by irrigated cultivation in areas of less harsh terrain in the upstream (Baviaanskloof and Kouga) sub-catchments. In the marginal Baviaanskloof, localised power relations over water distribution primarily arose. In the thriving commercial farming context of the Kouga, power relations included a local upstream-downstream legal conflict, competing levels of governance, issues with establishing water users’ associations (WUAs), and lack of adequate implementation of processes by government. Regional power relations are most prominent in the thriving commercial farming context of the overlapping regulated recapture and final use zones in the downstream Gamtoos sub-catchment. The reliance on upstream sub-catchments and tensions with the city of Port Elizabeth over water use are mediated through decisions made at the national level. Non-location specific power relations included indirect influence through energy, markets, and standards organisations, barriers in government preventing successful process implementation, and equity issues (particularly limiting the success of emerging farmers). These results illustrated that resource distribution, human productive activity, and power relations combine to produce unique characteristics in each of the zones in the Gamtoos catchment. The application of political geoecology in this case study situated the approach as useful for examining human- environment relations in geography.
- Full Text:
Towards professional learning communities: A review
- Tshiningayamwe, Sirkka, Songqwaru, Zintle
- Authors: Tshiningayamwe, Sirkka , Songqwaru, Zintle
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436305 , vital:73256 , ISBN 978-3-319-45989-9 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45989-9_19
- Description: Professional learning communities (PLCs) have proven to be effective models of teachers’ professional development. Therefore, for effective Education for Sustainable Develop-ment (ESD), PLCs should be considered in the planning of teacher professional development initiatives. This will enable teachers to address issues of quality teaching, learning and sustainable development issues. In the South African context, a ‘professional learning community’ is an emerging policy con-cept. This chapter thus provides a review of the emergence of teacher clusters in South Africa using a reflexive spiral model and praxis tasks. The chapter also draws from the Namibian and South African teacher cluster literature to comment on how teacher clusters could potentially be translated into PLCs to transform teachers’ practices as they relate to ESD.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Tshiningayamwe, Sirkka , Songqwaru, Zintle
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/436305 , vital:73256 , ISBN 978-3-319-45989-9 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45989-9_19
- Description: Professional learning communities (PLCs) have proven to be effective models of teachers’ professional development. Therefore, for effective Education for Sustainable Develop-ment (ESD), PLCs should be considered in the planning of teacher professional development initiatives. This will enable teachers to address issues of quality teaching, learning and sustainable development issues. In the South African context, a ‘professional learning community’ is an emerging policy con-cept. This chapter thus provides a review of the emergence of teacher clusters in South Africa using a reflexive spiral model and praxis tasks. The chapter also draws from the Namibian and South African teacher cluster literature to comment on how teacher clusters could potentially be translated into PLCs to transform teachers’ practices as they relate to ESD.
- Full Text:
Towards standardised reef fish monitoring: an assessment of stereo-video techniques to sample shallow and deep reef fish assemblages
- Authors: Halse, Sarah Jane
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Reef fishes -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Reef fishes -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Marine biodiversity -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Biotic communities -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Sparidae -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Reef fishes -- Size -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Underwater videography in wildlife monitoring -- South Africa -- Tsitsikamma , Baited remote underwater stereo-video systems (stereo-BRUVs)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4635 , vital:20702
- Description: Baited remote underwater stereo-video systems (stereo-BRUVs) were developed to determine fish abundance and size structure in a more unbiased, and relatively non-invasive manner across a broader range of depths and habitats than conventional sampling methods achieve. These characteristics make stereo-BRUVs particularly useful for research inside marine protected areas (MPAs) where researchers are required to minimize disturbance to the protected environment. Although stereo-BRUVs have been widely used around the world, they are novel to South Africa and standardised protocols for their application are required. As such, this study aimed to address i) the effect of different bait types, namely pilchard (Sardinops sagax), squid (Loligo reynaudi) and bivalves (Crassostrea gigas and Perna perna) on the observed reef fish assemblage structure and ii) the effect of artificial illumination (lighting) on the observed reef fish assemblage structure sampled with stereo-BRUVs. One key component of the stereo-BRUVs methodology is the application of bait to attract fish into the field of view. Globally, pilchard is the most often used bait type for stereo- BRUVs, however, its suitability has never been tested comparatively against other bait types for South African conditions. Significant differences in fish abundance and assemblage structure were recorded between stereo-BRUVs deployments when applying the different bait types. The bivalve baits, oyster and mussel, were typically poor when sampling the reef fish assemblages of the region. Pilchard and squid were sampled in similar communities and were able to attract the majority of the reef fish from the region, suggesting they are suitable bait types for stereo-BRUVs in the Agulhas ecoregion. However, a power analysis indicated that roughly twice the amount of samples are required to effectively sample the same abundances of Chrysoblephus laticeps (roman) and Cheilodactylidae (fingerfins) species when sampling with squid as opposed to pilchard. Both bait types can be locally sourced, however, squid is considerably more expensive than pilchard. Considering the difference in cost, together with the fact that twice as much squid bait is required, squid is not a cost-effective option relative to pilchard. As such this study recommends that pilchard is the most appropriate bait for the Agulhas ecoregion of South Africa. Due to low light levels, artificial lighting is required when conducting remote video research in the sub-photic zone. Blue light has a shorter wavelength than other colour lights and attenuates slower through water. In addition, blue lighting has no recorded effect on fish behaviour and has proven to be a successful light colour for underwater sampling. The use of lighting is unavoidable for sub-photic stereo-BRUVs sampling and is recommended for all stereo-BRUVs sampling for comparability of data from environments characterised by different light levels. A study was conducted to test the necessity of artificial lighting when sampling from environments characterised by ambient light levels adequate for stereo- BRUVs sampling, a comparative to measure the effect of light on the fish assemblage structure. Of the more commonly detected fish species (those observed in >50% of the samples), most were seen at similar abundances in samples using lighting and in those without lighting. No significant differences were observed in fish length data between samples collected with and samples collected without lighting. This suggests that standardised stereo-BRUVs sampling across photic zones on the continental shelf of South Africa can be collected without blue lighting when ambient light levels are sufficient to see the survey area.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Halse, Sarah Jane
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Reef fishes -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Reef fishes -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Marine biodiversity -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Biotic communities -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Sparidae -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Reef fishes -- Size -- South Africa -- Agulhas, Cape (Cape) , Underwater videography in wildlife monitoring -- South Africa -- Tsitsikamma , Baited remote underwater stereo-video systems (stereo-BRUVs)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4635 , vital:20702
- Description: Baited remote underwater stereo-video systems (stereo-BRUVs) were developed to determine fish abundance and size structure in a more unbiased, and relatively non-invasive manner across a broader range of depths and habitats than conventional sampling methods achieve. These characteristics make stereo-BRUVs particularly useful for research inside marine protected areas (MPAs) where researchers are required to minimize disturbance to the protected environment. Although stereo-BRUVs have been widely used around the world, they are novel to South Africa and standardised protocols for their application are required. As such, this study aimed to address i) the effect of different bait types, namely pilchard (Sardinops sagax), squid (Loligo reynaudi) and bivalves (Crassostrea gigas and Perna perna) on the observed reef fish assemblage structure and ii) the effect of artificial illumination (lighting) on the observed reef fish assemblage structure sampled with stereo-BRUVs. One key component of the stereo-BRUVs methodology is the application of bait to attract fish into the field of view. Globally, pilchard is the most often used bait type for stereo- BRUVs, however, its suitability has never been tested comparatively against other bait types for South African conditions. Significant differences in fish abundance and assemblage structure were recorded between stereo-BRUVs deployments when applying the different bait types. The bivalve baits, oyster and mussel, were typically poor when sampling the reef fish assemblages of the region. Pilchard and squid were sampled in similar communities and were able to attract the majority of the reef fish from the region, suggesting they are suitable bait types for stereo-BRUVs in the Agulhas ecoregion. However, a power analysis indicated that roughly twice the amount of samples are required to effectively sample the same abundances of Chrysoblephus laticeps (roman) and Cheilodactylidae (fingerfins) species when sampling with squid as opposed to pilchard. Both bait types can be locally sourced, however, squid is considerably more expensive than pilchard. Considering the difference in cost, together with the fact that twice as much squid bait is required, squid is not a cost-effective option relative to pilchard. As such this study recommends that pilchard is the most appropriate bait for the Agulhas ecoregion of South Africa. Due to low light levels, artificial lighting is required when conducting remote video research in the sub-photic zone. Blue light has a shorter wavelength than other colour lights and attenuates slower through water. In addition, blue lighting has no recorded effect on fish behaviour and has proven to be a successful light colour for underwater sampling. The use of lighting is unavoidable for sub-photic stereo-BRUVs sampling and is recommended for all stereo-BRUVs sampling for comparability of data from environments characterised by different light levels. A study was conducted to test the necessity of artificial lighting when sampling from environments characterised by ambient light levels adequate for stereo- BRUVs sampling, a comparative to measure the effect of light on the fish assemblage structure. Of the more commonly detected fish species (those observed in >50% of the samples), most were seen at similar abundances in samples using lighting and in those without lighting. No significant differences were observed in fish length data between samples collected with and samples collected without lighting. This suggests that standardised stereo-BRUVs sampling across photic zones on the continental shelf of South Africa can be collected without blue lighting when ambient light levels are sufficient to see the survey area.
- Full Text:
Tracks and Traces: Andrew Tshabangu’s ‘Footprints’
- Authors: Lila, Philiswa
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147138 , vital:38596 , https://artthrob.co.za/2017/03/08/tracks-and-traces-andrew-tshabangus-footprints/
- Description: Andrew Tshabangu ‘Footprints’ at the Standard Bank Art Gallery is a hand-picked collection of photographs that span the past 20 years of Tshabangu’s career. Curated by Thembinkosi Goniwe, the narrative is uncomplicated and uncluttered, thus allowing the images breathing space for engagement. The display is precise with careful attention to detail, appearing neat, slick and efficient; a characteristic mirrored in Tshabangu’s photography.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lila, Philiswa
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147138 , vital:38596 , https://artthrob.co.za/2017/03/08/tracks-and-traces-andrew-tshabangus-footprints/
- Description: Andrew Tshabangu ‘Footprints’ at the Standard Bank Art Gallery is a hand-picked collection of photographs that span the past 20 years of Tshabangu’s career. Curated by Thembinkosi Goniwe, the narrative is uncomplicated and uncluttered, thus allowing the images breathing space for engagement. The display is precise with careful attention to detail, appearing neat, slick and efficient; a characteristic mirrored in Tshabangu’s photography.
- Full Text:
Transcription factor binding specificity and occupancy : elucidation, modelling and evaluation
- Authors: Kibet, Caleb Kipkurui
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Transcription factors , Transcription factors -- Data processing , Motif Assessment and Ranking Suite
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:21185 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6838
- Description: The major contributions of this thesis are addressing the need for an objective quality evaluation of a transcription factor binding model, demonstrating the value of the tools developed to this end and elucidating how in vitro and in vivo information can be utilized to improve TF binding specificity models. Accurate elucidation of TF binding specificity remains an ongoing challenge in gene regulatory research. Several in vitro and in vivo experimental techniques have been developed followed by a proliferation of algorithms, and ultimately, the binding models. This increase led to a choice problem for the end users: which tools to use, and which is the most accurate model for a given TF? Therefore, the first section of this thesis investigates the motif assessment problem: how scoring functions, choice and processing of benchmark data, and statistics used in evaluation affect motif ranking. This analysis revealed that TF motif quality assessment requires a systematic comparative analysis, and that scoring functions used have a TF-specific effect on motif ranking. These results advised the design of a Motif Assessment and Ranking Suite MARS, supported by PBM and ChIP-seq benchmark data and an extensive collection of PWM motifs. MARS implements consistency, enrichment, and scoring and classification-based motif evaluation algorithms. Transcription factor binding is also influenced and determined by contextual factors: chromatin accessibility, competition or cooperation with other TFs, cell line or condition specificity, binding locality (e.g. proximity to transcription start sites) and the shape of the binding site (DNA-shape). In vitro techniques do not capture such context; therefore, this thesis also combines PBM and DNase-seq data using a comparative k-mer enrichment approach that compares open chromatin with genome-wide prevalence, achieving a modest performance improvement when benchmarked on ChIP-seq data. Finally, since statistical and probabilistic methods cannot capture all the information that determine binding, a machine learning approach (XGBooost) was implemented to investigate how the features contribute to TF specificity and occupancy. This combinatorial approach improves the predictive ability of TF specificity models with the most predictive feature being chromatin accessibility, while the DNA-shape and conservation information all significantly improve on the baseline model of k-mer and DNase data. The results and the tools introduced in this thesis are useful for systematic comparative analysis (via MARS) and a combinatorial approach to modelling TF binding specificity, including appropriate feature engineering practices for machine learning modelling.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kibet, Caleb Kipkurui
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Transcription factors , Transcription factors -- Data processing , Motif Assessment and Ranking Suite
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:21185 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6838
- Description: The major contributions of this thesis are addressing the need for an objective quality evaluation of a transcription factor binding model, demonstrating the value of the tools developed to this end and elucidating how in vitro and in vivo information can be utilized to improve TF binding specificity models. Accurate elucidation of TF binding specificity remains an ongoing challenge in gene regulatory research. Several in vitro and in vivo experimental techniques have been developed followed by a proliferation of algorithms, and ultimately, the binding models. This increase led to a choice problem for the end users: which tools to use, and which is the most accurate model for a given TF? Therefore, the first section of this thesis investigates the motif assessment problem: how scoring functions, choice and processing of benchmark data, and statistics used in evaluation affect motif ranking. This analysis revealed that TF motif quality assessment requires a systematic comparative analysis, and that scoring functions used have a TF-specific effect on motif ranking. These results advised the design of a Motif Assessment and Ranking Suite MARS, supported by PBM and ChIP-seq benchmark data and an extensive collection of PWM motifs. MARS implements consistency, enrichment, and scoring and classification-based motif evaluation algorithms. Transcription factor binding is also influenced and determined by contextual factors: chromatin accessibility, competition or cooperation with other TFs, cell line or condition specificity, binding locality (e.g. proximity to transcription start sites) and the shape of the binding site (DNA-shape). In vitro techniques do not capture such context; therefore, this thesis also combines PBM and DNase-seq data using a comparative k-mer enrichment approach that compares open chromatin with genome-wide prevalence, achieving a modest performance improvement when benchmarked on ChIP-seq data. Finally, since statistical and probabilistic methods cannot capture all the information that determine binding, a machine learning approach (XGBooost) was implemented to investigate how the features contribute to TF specificity and occupancy. This combinatorial approach improves the predictive ability of TF specificity models with the most predictive feature being chromatin accessibility, while the DNA-shape and conservation information all significantly improve on the baseline model of k-mer and DNase data. The results and the tools introduced in this thesis are useful for systematic comparative analysis (via MARS) and a combinatorial approach to modelling TF binding specificity, including appropriate feature engineering practices for machine learning modelling.
- Full Text:
Transcription, edition, translation and critical analysis of biographical poems contributed by S E K Mqhayi to early IsiXhosa newspapers
- Authors: Mazwi, Ntombomzi R
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Mqhayi, S E K -- Criticism and interpretation , Mqhayi, S E K -- Translations , Xhosa language -- Transcription , Xhosa poetry -- History and criticism , Xhosa poetry -- Translations
- Language: English , Xhosa
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/18570 , vital:22356
- Description: During the nineteenth century secular creative literature produced by missionaries and publishers was designed for the educational market and for school children and there was nothing for adults. Works of isiXhosa literature was controlled in content and freely edited by the missionaries to satisfy the demands of educational syllabuses. As a result, students at universities, scholars of literature and academics in higher education are lacking primary documents on this literature and therefore are forced to study the limited and unavailable literature books. This thesis concentrates on the work of a particular isiXhosa writer, namely that of S.E.K. Mqhayi. The earlier writers like S.E.K. Mqhayi, J.J.R. Jolobe, G.B. Sinxo and others made their mark in South African literature and culture. Their works were published in journals and newspapers in isiXhosa by the missionaries. This means isiXhosa literature can be found in abundance in the earlier newspapers. What needs to be addressed is how the South African community and literature scholars mentioned above could have access to that work. Mqhayi is well known as the father of the isiXhosa language because of his substantial literary and linguistic contribution to the development of the language. As already mentioned he made his contribution through written work which was published in various newspapers of his time and unfortunately most people are unable to access this material, hence the focus of this thesis. The vast majority of his journalism remains as yet uncollected. However, scholars like Opland (1983) and Saule (1989) made some effort to bring this information to the public through their extensive research. S.E.K. Mqhayi’s popular poems have been published and analyzed over the last century and more recently (Qangule 1979; Kuse 1979; Opland 1983; Saule 1989 & 1996; Ntuli & Swanepoel 1993 and Opland 2009). However, in terms of quantity and value, these are negligible compared to what Mqhayi has published. There are still numerous of Mqhayi’s poems that would add value to the study and history of isiXhosa literature. The main aim of this research is to carry on from where these scholars left off and to bring to the fore the legacy Mqhayi left to the South African people. Hence, thirty (30) poems on people by S.E.K. Mqhayi have been transcribed from the old newspapers, re- typed, translated into English and analysed. These poems are largely published in newspapers but have never been subsequently republished, and hence they are almost completely unknown. The thirty (30) poems have been selected with the assistance of Professor Jeff Opland, a retired Professor from the University of London’s School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS). The poems are from his Opland Collection of Xhosa Literature housed in Godalming, United Kingdom. They are presented in the manner in which they appeared originally, that is, in terms of isiXhosa orthography during the times of Mqhayi’s writing (Diplomatic Presentation). The data is analysed and discussed in relation to how Mqhayi’s biographical poems can give insight not only to Mqhayi’s subjects of praise, but into how he uses historical, political and sociocultural contexts in the praises of his subjects, meaning that the discussion revolves around the practice of the Historical-Biographical Criticism. The poems are translated into English to allow for this literature not only to be disseminated among isiXhosa speakers, but also to speakers of other languages who understand English. The translation method chosen is the one believed to produce the originality of the source text and sameness of meaning in the target text which is regarded as equivalence. This thesis therefore is an investigation into 30 poems selected from biographical poems written by S.E.K. Mqhayi in newspapers during the period 1899-1944. In essence this thesis presents an in-depth analysis of Mqhayi’s poems against the backdrop of oral literary theory as expounded by theorists who have grappled with the orality-literacy debate, a debate which directly informs Mqhayi’s poetry as he was the first oral poet to transition between orality and literacy. , Uncwadi oluveliswe kwishumi elinesithoba lamakhulu eminyaka ziimishinari nabapapashi lwalwenzelwe izifundiswa kunye nabantwana besikolo kwaye akukho msebenzi mninzi ofumanekayo owawenzelwe abantu basekuhlaleni. Umsebenzi omninzi wokubhaliweyo kuncwadi lwesiXhosa wawulawulwa, uhlelwa kwaye ulungiselelwa uqingqo lwezifundo. Oko ke kuye kwabangela ukuba abafundi abakumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo, iimfundi zoncwadi kunye nabahlohli zingabinawo amaxwebhu okwenene oncwadi lwesiXhosa, kwaye loo nto yenza ukuba kufundwe kwaye kwenziwe uphando ngeencwadi ezimbalwa. Olu phando ke ngoko luza kuqwalasela lugxininise kumsebenzi wombhali wesiXhosa onguS.E.K. Mqhayi. Ababhali bangaphambili abafana noo-S.E.K. Mqhayi, J.J.R. Jolobe, G.B. Sinxo nabanye bashiya ifuthe elikhulu kuncwadi nenkcubeko yoMzantsi Afrika. Imisebenzi yabo yayipapashwe ziimishinari ngesiXhosa kuluhlu lwemibhalo namaphephandaba. Oko ke kuthetha ukuthi le misebenzi yesiXhosa iyafumaneka kumaphepha-ndaba angaphambili. Okufuneka kulungisiwe yindlela abemi boMzantsi Afrika kunye nezi mfundi zoncwadi zikhankanywe ngentla zingathi ziwufumane lo msebenzi waba babhali bangaphambili. UMqhayi waziwa ngokuba yinkcuba- buchopho yolwimi lwesiXhosa kwaye udlale indima enkulu kakhulu ekuphuhliseni ulwimi lwesiXhosa. Njengokuba sele ikhankanyiwe ngentla, umsebenzi wakhe upapashwe kumaphephandaba awohlukeneyo wela xesha wayesaphila kwaye kungelishwa ke ukuba abantu abaninzi abakwazi ukuwufumana loo msebenzi. Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe emininzi ke kodwa ayiqokelelwanga. Iingcali ezifana noo-Opland (1983) noSaule (1989) zaye zenza uphando olukhulu zizama ukuzisa olu lwazi eluntwini, kodwa oko akwanelanga. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo imibongo edumileyo ka-S.E.K. Mqhayi sele yapapashwa (Qangule, 1979; Kuse, 1979; Opland, 1983 & 2009; Saule, 1989 & 1996; Ntuli & Swanepoel, 1993). Nangona kunjalo ke isekhona eminye imibongo kaMqhayi engekaveli nenokuthi ibe nenxaxheba kakhulu ekufundeni nasekufundiseni uncwadi lwesiXhosa. Olu phando ke kukuqhubeka apho aba babhali bakhankanyiweyo bayeke khona ukuzisa phambili umsebenzi nelifa elashiywa nguMqhayi kubemi baseMzantsi Afrika. Kungoko ke imibongo engabantu engama-30 kaMqhayi iza kuthi ikhutshelwe isuka kumaphephandaba akudala, iguqulelwe esiNgesini ze ihlahlelwe. Uninzi lwale mibongo ipapashwe kumaphephandaba akudala kwaye zange iphinde ipapashwe kwenye indawo, kungoko ke ingaziwa kakhulu. Ukukhethwa kwale mibongo ingama-30 kuncediswe nguNjingalwazi uJeff Opland, uNjingalwazi odla umhlala-phantsi weYunivesithi yase-London kwiSikolo seZifundo ngezaseAfrika naseMpumalanga (SOAS). Le mibongo isuka kuluhlu lwakhe athe waluqokelela nolubizwa ngokuba yi-Opland Collection of Xhosa Literature oluse- Godalming, e-United Kingdom. Indlela le mibongo eza kuthi ibhalwe ngayo yileyo uMqhayi wayeyibhale ngayo ngexesha lakhe. Le mibongo ihleliwe kwaye oko kubhaliweyo malunga nayo kuquka indlela apho imibongo kaMqhayi ngobomi babantu kuthi kubonise indlela abonga nabonisa ngayo izinto zoPolitiko, zakudala nezasekuhlaleni ezazisenzeka ngela xesha. Indlela ethi konke oku kuthi kuvele kule mibongo kaMqhayi kwaye kuya kuthi kuvezwe kolu phando. Ukuguqulelwa kwale mibongo esiNgesini kuya kuthi kuncede ukuba nabo bangasithethiyo isiXhosa bakwazi ukufumana le mibongo. Indlela esetyenzisiweyo yoguqulo-lwimi yale mibongo yileyo ivumela ukuba umbhalo uguqulelwe ngokufanayo nombhalo-ntsusa kwaye intsingiselo kumbhalo ekuguqulelwa kuwo ingatshintshi. Lo misebenzi ke ngoko uluphando lwemibongo engabantu ekhethiweyo engama30 ebhalwe nguSEK Mqhayi kumaphephandaba kwimiminyaka u1899 - 1944. Umongo wolu phando kukwenza uhlalutyo - nzulu lwemibongo kaMqhayi eyaleka kuphando - lwazi osele lwenziwe njengoko lucaciswa ziingcali ezithe zazamana nengxoxo yoncwadi lomlomo, ngxoxo leyo ethe yachaphazela ngokumandla umongo wezibongo zikaMqhayi njengembongi yokuqala ukuwela ukusuka kuncwadi lomlomo ukuya kuncwadi olubhaliweyo.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mazwi, Ntombomzi R
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Mqhayi, S E K -- Criticism and interpretation , Mqhayi, S E K -- Translations , Xhosa language -- Transcription , Xhosa poetry -- History and criticism , Xhosa poetry -- Translations
- Language: English , Xhosa
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/18570 , vital:22356
- Description: During the nineteenth century secular creative literature produced by missionaries and publishers was designed for the educational market and for school children and there was nothing for adults. Works of isiXhosa literature was controlled in content and freely edited by the missionaries to satisfy the demands of educational syllabuses. As a result, students at universities, scholars of literature and academics in higher education are lacking primary documents on this literature and therefore are forced to study the limited and unavailable literature books. This thesis concentrates on the work of a particular isiXhosa writer, namely that of S.E.K. Mqhayi. The earlier writers like S.E.K. Mqhayi, J.J.R. Jolobe, G.B. Sinxo and others made their mark in South African literature and culture. Their works were published in journals and newspapers in isiXhosa by the missionaries. This means isiXhosa literature can be found in abundance in the earlier newspapers. What needs to be addressed is how the South African community and literature scholars mentioned above could have access to that work. Mqhayi is well known as the father of the isiXhosa language because of his substantial literary and linguistic contribution to the development of the language. As already mentioned he made his contribution through written work which was published in various newspapers of his time and unfortunately most people are unable to access this material, hence the focus of this thesis. The vast majority of his journalism remains as yet uncollected. However, scholars like Opland (1983) and Saule (1989) made some effort to bring this information to the public through their extensive research. S.E.K. Mqhayi’s popular poems have been published and analyzed over the last century and more recently (Qangule 1979; Kuse 1979; Opland 1983; Saule 1989 & 1996; Ntuli & Swanepoel 1993 and Opland 2009). However, in terms of quantity and value, these are negligible compared to what Mqhayi has published. There are still numerous of Mqhayi’s poems that would add value to the study and history of isiXhosa literature. The main aim of this research is to carry on from where these scholars left off and to bring to the fore the legacy Mqhayi left to the South African people. Hence, thirty (30) poems on people by S.E.K. Mqhayi have been transcribed from the old newspapers, re- typed, translated into English and analysed. These poems are largely published in newspapers but have never been subsequently republished, and hence they are almost completely unknown. The thirty (30) poems have been selected with the assistance of Professor Jeff Opland, a retired Professor from the University of London’s School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS). The poems are from his Opland Collection of Xhosa Literature housed in Godalming, United Kingdom. They are presented in the manner in which they appeared originally, that is, in terms of isiXhosa orthography during the times of Mqhayi’s writing (Diplomatic Presentation). The data is analysed and discussed in relation to how Mqhayi’s biographical poems can give insight not only to Mqhayi’s subjects of praise, but into how he uses historical, political and sociocultural contexts in the praises of his subjects, meaning that the discussion revolves around the practice of the Historical-Biographical Criticism. The poems are translated into English to allow for this literature not only to be disseminated among isiXhosa speakers, but also to speakers of other languages who understand English. The translation method chosen is the one believed to produce the originality of the source text and sameness of meaning in the target text which is regarded as equivalence. This thesis therefore is an investigation into 30 poems selected from biographical poems written by S.E.K. Mqhayi in newspapers during the period 1899-1944. In essence this thesis presents an in-depth analysis of Mqhayi’s poems against the backdrop of oral literary theory as expounded by theorists who have grappled with the orality-literacy debate, a debate which directly informs Mqhayi’s poetry as he was the first oral poet to transition between orality and literacy. , Uncwadi oluveliswe kwishumi elinesithoba lamakhulu eminyaka ziimishinari nabapapashi lwalwenzelwe izifundiswa kunye nabantwana besikolo kwaye akukho msebenzi mninzi ofumanekayo owawenzelwe abantu basekuhlaleni. Umsebenzi omninzi wokubhaliweyo kuncwadi lwesiXhosa wawulawulwa, uhlelwa kwaye ulungiselelwa uqingqo lwezifundo. Oko ke kuye kwabangela ukuba abafundi abakumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo, iimfundi zoncwadi kunye nabahlohli zingabinawo amaxwebhu okwenene oncwadi lwesiXhosa, kwaye loo nto yenza ukuba kufundwe kwaye kwenziwe uphando ngeencwadi ezimbalwa. Olu phando ke ngoko luza kuqwalasela lugxininise kumsebenzi wombhali wesiXhosa onguS.E.K. Mqhayi. Ababhali bangaphambili abafana noo-S.E.K. Mqhayi, J.J.R. Jolobe, G.B. Sinxo nabanye bashiya ifuthe elikhulu kuncwadi nenkcubeko yoMzantsi Afrika. Imisebenzi yabo yayipapashwe ziimishinari ngesiXhosa kuluhlu lwemibhalo namaphephandaba. Oko ke kuthetha ukuthi le misebenzi yesiXhosa iyafumaneka kumaphepha-ndaba angaphambili. Okufuneka kulungisiwe yindlela abemi boMzantsi Afrika kunye nezi mfundi zoncwadi zikhankanywe ngentla zingathi ziwufumane lo msebenzi waba babhali bangaphambili. UMqhayi waziwa ngokuba yinkcuba- buchopho yolwimi lwesiXhosa kwaye udlale indima enkulu kakhulu ekuphuhliseni ulwimi lwesiXhosa. Njengokuba sele ikhankanyiwe ngentla, umsebenzi wakhe upapashwe kumaphephandaba awohlukeneyo wela xesha wayesaphila kwaye kungelishwa ke ukuba abantu abaninzi abakwazi ukuwufumana loo msebenzi. Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe emininzi ke kodwa ayiqokelelwanga. Iingcali ezifana noo-Opland (1983) noSaule (1989) zaye zenza uphando olukhulu zizama ukuzisa olu lwazi eluntwini, kodwa oko akwanelanga. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo imibongo edumileyo ka-S.E.K. Mqhayi sele yapapashwa (Qangule, 1979; Kuse, 1979; Opland, 1983 & 2009; Saule, 1989 & 1996; Ntuli & Swanepoel, 1993). Nangona kunjalo ke isekhona eminye imibongo kaMqhayi engekaveli nenokuthi ibe nenxaxheba kakhulu ekufundeni nasekufundiseni uncwadi lwesiXhosa. Olu phando ke kukuqhubeka apho aba babhali bakhankanyiweyo bayeke khona ukuzisa phambili umsebenzi nelifa elashiywa nguMqhayi kubemi baseMzantsi Afrika. Kungoko ke imibongo engabantu engama-30 kaMqhayi iza kuthi ikhutshelwe isuka kumaphephandaba akudala, iguqulelwe esiNgesini ze ihlahlelwe. Uninzi lwale mibongo ipapashwe kumaphephandaba akudala kwaye zange iphinde ipapashwe kwenye indawo, kungoko ke ingaziwa kakhulu. Ukukhethwa kwale mibongo ingama-30 kuncediswe nguNjingalwazi uJeff Opland, uNjingalwazi odla umhlala-phantsi weYunivesithi yase-London kwiSikolo seZifundo ngezaseAfrika naseMpumalanga (SOAS). Le mibongo isuka kuluhlu lwakhe athe waluqokelela nolubizwa ngokuba yi-Opland Collection of Xhosa Literature oluse- Godalming, e-United Kingdom. Indlela le mibongo eza kuthi ibhalwe ngayo yileyo uMqhayi wayeyibhale ngayo ngexesha lakhe. Le mibongo ihleliwe kwaye oko kubhaliweyo malunga nayo kuquka indlela apho imibongo kaMqhayi ngobomi babantu kuthi kubonise indlela abonga nabonisa ngayo izinto zoPolitiko, zakudala nezasekuhlaleni ezazisenzeka ngela xesha. Indlela ethi konke oku kuthi kuvele kule mibongo kaMqhayi kwaye kuya kuthi kuvezwe kolu phando. Ukuguqulelwa kwale mibongo esiNgesini kuya kuthi kuncede ukuba nabo bangasithethiyo isiXhosa bakwazi ukufumana le mibongo. Indlela esetyenzisiweyo yoguqulo-lwimi yale mibongo yileyo ivumela ukuba umbhalo uguqulelwe ngokufanayo nombhalo-ntsusa kwaye intsingiselo kumbhalo ekuguqulelwa kuwo ingatshintshi. Lo misebenzi ke ngoko uluphando lwemibongo engabantu ekhethiweyo engama30 ebhalwe nguSEK Mqhayi kumaphephandaba kwimiminyaka u1899 - 1944. Umongo wolu phando kukwenza uhlalutyo - nzulu lwemibongo kaMqhayi eyaleka kuphando - lwazi osele lwenziwe njengoko lucaciswa ziingcali ezithe zazamana nengxoxo yoncwadi lomlomo, ngxoxo leyo ethe yachaphazela ngokumandla umongo wezibongo zikaMqhayi njengembongi yokuqala ukuwela ukusuka kuncwadi lomlomo ukuya kuncwadi olubhaliweyo.
- Full Text:
Transgressing the norm: Transformative agency in community-based learning for sustainability in southern African contexts
- Lotz-Sisitka, Heila, Mukute, Mutizwa, Chikunda, Charles, Baloi, Aristides, Pesanayi, Tichaona V
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , Mukute, Mutizwa , Chikunda, Charles , Baloi, Aristides , Pesanayi, Tichaona V
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127204 , vital:35977 , https://10.1007/s11159-017-9689-3
- Description: Environment and sustainability education processes are often oriented to change and transformation, and frequently involve the emergence of new forms of human activity. However, not much is known about how such change emerges from the learning process, or how it contributes to the development of transformative agency in community contexts. The authors of this article present four cross-case perspectives of expansive learning and transformative agency development in community-based education in southern Africa, studying communities pursuing new activities that are more socially just and sustainable. The four cases of community learning and transformative agency focus on the following activities: (1) sustainable agriculture in Lesotho; (2) seed saving and rainwater harvesting in Zimbabwe; (3) community-based irrigation scheme management in Mozambique; and (4) biodiversity conservation co-management in South Africa. The case studies all draw on cultural-historical activity theory to guide learning and change processes, especially third-generation cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT), which emphasises expansive learning in collectives across interacting activity systems. CHAT researchers, such as the authors of this article, argue that expansive learning can lead to the emergence of transformative agency. The authors extend their transformative agency analysis to probe if and how expansive learning might also facilitate instances of transgressing norms – viewed here as embedded practices which need to be reframed and changed in order for sustainability to emerge.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , Mukute, Mutizwa , Chikunda, Charles , Baloi, Aristides , Pesanayi, Tichaona V
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127204 , vital:35977 , https://10.1007/s11159-017-9689-3
- Description: Environment and sustainability education processes are often oriented to change and transformation, and frequently involve the emergence of new forms of human activity. However, not much is known about how such change emerges from the learning process, or how it contributes to the development of transformative agency in community contexts. The authors of this article present four cross-case perspectives of expansive learning and transformative agency development in community-based education in southern Africa, studying communities pursuing new activities that are more socially just and sustainable. The four cases of community learning and transformative agency focus on the following activities: (1) sustainable agriculture in Lesotho; (2) seed saving and rainwater harvesting in Zimbabwe; (3) community-based irrigation scheme management in Mozambique; and (4) biodiversity conservation co-management in South Africa. The case studies all draw on cultural-historical activity theory to guide learning and change processes, especially third-generation cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT), which emphasises expansive learning in collectives across interacting activity systems. CHAT researchers, such as the authors of this article, argue that expansive learning can lead to the emergence of transformative agency. The authors extend their transformative agency analysis to probe if and how expansive learning might also facilitate instances of transgressing norms – viewed here as embedded practices which need to be reframed and changed in order for sustainability to emerge.
- Full Text:
Transgression and transcultural blending: reading the work of Adelaide Fassinou
- Authors: Ishaya, Nandi Salome
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Fassinou, Adélaïde, 1955- -- Criticism and interpretation , Fassinou, Adélaïde, 1955- -- Jeté en pâture , Fassinou, Adélaïde, 1955- -- Modukpè, le rêve brisé. , African literature (French) -- History and criticism
- Language: French , English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7500 , vital:21266
- Description: In Adelaide Fassinou’s novel Jete en pature (“Thrown to the lions/wolves”), the female character Fifame declares that “novels/books have sides that one is attached to. The lives of people roll pass our eyes. Some stories resemble ours” (JP, 147). Fassinou herself says: By reading this book dear friend, the stories of all these women who lived nowhere except in my imagination, may be like yours. But the fiction in which they themselves moved makes it so close and we share in their tragedy (MRB, 7). The above comments reflect the idea of sociocriticism which opines that a literary work could be a representation of the society of its author. This goes to say that real events can feed literary imagination more and more. Also, Fifame continues that “a book/novel is a path marked by steps, falls, and races towards a future that is bright or a bleak” (JP, 147). The verbs which connote ‘bright’ and ‘bleak’ in this comment unveil the writing idea/conception which Fassinou adheres to. “Bright” in our opinion could connote the gains of cross cultural blending, the precise outcome/result of modernity. “Bleak” on the other hand could refer to the violation of certain cultural values and or better still to transgressive attitudes in a society that is in the process of radical transformation. As such, transgression and cross cultural blending are the focal points of our discussion in this research. We have chosen to analyse some literary works of Adelaide Fassinou, a beninoise who came into the literary scene at the threshold of the new millennium, in 2000. It could then be said that Fassinou belongs to a new generation of African writers, the writers of the new millennium. The title of her first novel is revealing. Its title, Modukpe, le reve brise could imply that man always has a dream but in the course of time, this dream could be broken due to one factor or the other. In Fassinou, the lack of the realization of dreams could be the result of our vision of the world where new ideas oppose tradition to the extent that modernity is seen simply as a transgression of the laws of tradition. Admittedly, it is transgression in the fictional novel, a transgression against tradition and or nature because “nature has its laws”. The life experiences of man especially the female gender, “A whole lifetime is not enough to speak about it” And the story of being “Thrown to the lions” is one of such experiences. Reading Fassinou’s work, one vi could note that she presents enough social problems which reflect the notion of transgression. As a result, for the woman to liberate herself, the author who represents the woman, resorts to writing “Poems of love and brambles” of “Her exiles and her loves” because it is needful to speak so as to feel better within oneself. This action of breaking the silence by the woman constitutes in itself a transgression because, in the culture of the author, the woman should be reduced to silence. Fassinou has the urge to show that cruelty in the home, inflexible will, excessive masculinity and insensibility could lead to rebellion, dissatisfaction and violence which could affect the whole society. In view of this, to love one child above the others could compromise family cohesion. It is in this regard that suicide formed part of the theme of this research. This could represent the image of national violence provoked by tribalism and geopolitics which could be noticed in many countries on the African continent. For most critics, the transgression of traditional values is due to cultural blending because this blending is seen as the evolution of the society and the culture which represent a society that finds itself at the cross roads. Transgression in Fassinou’s works is the demystification of certain traditional beliefs. The transgression of some characters leads to bitter and traumatic experiences. Be that as it may, the author recommends/advocates, through her writing, a way of escape: hope. It shows through the representations made by the author that determination to overcome the challenges faced and the decision to put a cross on past bitter experiences are strong indications for individual transformation which would lead to the desired transformation and development of Africa. Transgression and cultural blending in the works of Fassinou are not limited to thematic study; it is also about the transgression of standard language codes and the mixing of languages. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the stylistic study of Fassinou’s works. As such, we are going to equally study formal aspects of Fassinou’s writing as a symbol of transgression and transcultural blending. , Dans le roman Jete en pature d’Adelaide Fassinou, le personnage feminin, Fifame, declare que « les livres ont un cote attachant. Ils deroulent sous nos regards la vie de personnes qui nous semblent si proches que nous nous identifions a elles. Certaines histoires ressemblent a la notre » (JP, 147). Fassinou elle-meme dit : En lisant ce livre, chere amie, tu feras egalement tienne I ’histoire de toutes ces femmes qui n ’ont vecu nulle part, sauf dans mon imagination. Mais la fiction dans laquelle elles se meuvent nous les rend encore plus proches st nous faitpartager leurs drames (MRB, 7). Ces propos refletent l’idee de la sociocritique qui indique qu’une reuvre litteraire pourrait etre une representation de la societe de son auteur(e). Ceci revient a dire que des evenements reels peuvent alimenter de plus en plus l’imagination litteraire. Aussi, poursuit-elle, « un livre est un chemin jalonne de marches, de chutes et de courses vers des lendemains qui chantent ou qui dechantent » (JP, 147). Les verbes « chanter » et « dechanter » dans ces propos devoilent la conception de l’ecriture a laquelle Fassinou adhere. « Chanter », a notre avis, pourrait denoter les gains des croisements des cultures, le resultat meme du modernisme. « Dechanter » pour sa part pourrait renvoyer a la violation de certaines valeurs traditionnelles et ou mieux encore aux attitudes transgressives dans une societe en pleine mutation. Ainsi donc la transgression et le metissage culturel constituent le point central de la discussion de cette recherche. Nous avons choisi d’analyser quelques reuvres litteraires d’Adelaide Fassinou, une ecrivaine beninoise qui est entree sur la scene litteraire au seuil du nouveau millenaire, en 2000. Par ce fait, on dirait que Fassinou appartient a une nouvelle generation d’ecrivains : les ecrivains du nouveau millenaire. Le titre du premier roman de Fassinou est revelateur. Il s’institule Modukpe, le reve brise, qui implique que l’homme a toujours un reve mais au cours du temps, ce reve pourrait etre brise. Chez Fassinou, ce manque de materialisation de reves serait le resultat de notre vision du monde ou les conceptions nouvelles rivalisent avec la tradition au point que la modernite soit simplement vue comme une transgression de lois de la tradition. C’est certes la transgression dans l’univers romanesque, une transgression contre la tradition et / ou la nature car « la nature a ses lois ». Et les experiences vecues par l’homme et surtout par la femme, Toute une vie ne viii suffirait pas pour en Parler. Et l’histoire d’etre Jete en pature est l’une de ses experiences. En lisant l’reuvre de Fassinou, on peut constater qu’elle presente assez de problemes sociaux qui renvoient a la notion de la transgression. Il en resulte que, pour se liberer, l’auteure qui represente la femme, recourt a ecrire des Poemes d ’amour et de ronces, de [S]es exiles, [s]es amours car il faut parler pour se sentir bien en soi-meme. Cette action de briser le silence par la femme constitue aussi en elle, une transgression car dans la tradition de l’auteure, la femme devrait etre reduite au silence. Fassinou a besoin de montrer que la cruaute au foyer, la volonte inflexible, la masculinite excessive et l’insensibilite conduisent a la revolte, au mecontentement et a la violence pouvant affecter toute la societe. Eu egard a cela, aimer un enfant au-dessus des autres compromettrait la cohesion familiale. C’est ainsi que le sujet du suicide fait partie de cette recherche. Ceci pourrait representer l’image de la violence nationale provoquee par le tribalisme et la geopolitique qu’on pourrait remarquer dans plusieurs pays sur le continent africain. Pour la plupart des critiques, la transgression des valeurs traditionnelles est due au metissage culturel car ce metissage est vu comme une evolution de la societe et de la culture qui represente une societe qui se trouve a la croisee des chemins. La transgression dans l’reuvre de Fassinou est la demystification de certaines croyances traditionnelles. La transgression de certains personnages conduit aux experiences ameres et traumatisantes. Quoi qu’il en soit, l’auteure preconise toujours, au moyen de son ecriture, une voie de sortie : l’espoir. Il transparait des representations que fait l’auteure que la determination pour surmonter les defis et la decision de mettre une croix sur les experiences ameres du passe sont des indications fortes pour la transformation individuelle qui amenera a la transformation et au developpement tant desire de l’Afrique. La transgression et le metissage culturel dans l’reuvre de Fassinou ne se limitent pas aux etudes thematiques ; il s’agit egalement de la transgression du code langagier standard et du melange des langues. La deuxieme partie de cette these est consacree a une etude stylistique de l’reuvre de Fassinou. Pour cela, nous avons etudie egalement les aspects des aspects formels de l’ecriture de Fassinou comme symbole de la transgression et du metissage culturel.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ishaya, Nandi Salome
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Fassinou, Adélaïde, 1955- -- Criticism and interpretation , Fassinou, Adélaïde, 1955- -- Jeté en pâture , Fassinou, Adélaïde, 1955- -- Modukpè, le rêve brisé. , African literature (French) -- History and criticism
- Language: French , English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7500 , vital:21266
- Description: In Adelaide Fassinou’s novel Jete en pature (“Thrown to the lions/wolves”), the female character Fifame declares that “novels/books have sides that one is attached to. The lives of people roll pass our eyes. Some stories resemble ours” (JP, 147). Fassinou herself says: By reading this book dear friend, the stories of all these women who lived nowhere except in my imagination, may be like yours. But the fiction in which they themselves moved makes it so close and we share in their tragedy (MRB, 7). The above comments reflect the idea of sociocriticism which opines that a literary work could be a representation of the society of its author. This goes to say that real events can feed literary imagination more and more. Also, Fifame continues that “a book/novel is a path marked by steps, falls, and races towards a future that is bright or a bleak” (JP, 147). The verbs which connote ‘bright’ and ‘bleak’ in this comment unveil the writing idea/conception which Fassinou adheres to. “Bright” in our opinion could connote the gains of cross cultural blending, the precise outcome/result of modernity. “Bleak” on the other hand could refer to the violation of certain cultural values and or better still to transgressive attitudes in a society that is in the process of radical transformation. As such, transgression and cross cultural blending are the focal points of our discussion in this research. We have chosen to analyse some literary works of Adelaide Fassinou, a beninoise who came into the literary scene at the threshold of the new millennium, in 2000. It could then be said that Fassinou belongs to a new generation of African writers, the writers of the new millennium. The title of her first novel is revealing. Its title, Modukpe, le reve brise could imply that man always has a dream but in the course of time, this dream could be broken due to one factor or the other. In Fassinou, the lack of the realization of dreams could be the result of our vision of the world where new ideas oppose tradition to the extent that modernity is seen simply as a transgression of the laws of tradition. Admittedly, it is transgression in the fictional novel, a transgression against tradition and or nature because “nature has its laws”. The life experiences of man especially the female gender, “A whole lifetime is not enough to speak about it” And the story of being “Thrown to the lions” is one of such experiences. Reading Fassinou’s work, one vi could note that she presents enough social problems which reflect the notion of transgression. As a result, for the woman to liberate herself, the author who represents the woman, resorts to writing “Poems of love and brambles” of “Her exiles and her loves” because it is needful to speak so as to feel better within oneself. This action of breaking the silence by the woman constitutes in itself a transgression because, in the culture of the author, the woman should be reduced to silence. Fassinou has the urge to show that cruelty in the home, inflexible will, excessive masculinity and insensibility could lead to rebellion, dissatisfaction and violence which could affect the whole society. In view of this, to love one child above the others could compromise family cohesion. It is in this regard that suicide formed part of the theme of this research. This could represent the image of national violence provoked by tribalism and geopolitics which could be noticed in many countries on the African continent. For most critics, the transgression of traditional values is due to cultural blending because this blending is seen as the evolution of the society and the culture which represent a society that finds itself at the cross roads. Transgression in Fassinou’s works is the demystification of certain traditional beliefs. The transgression of some characters leads to bitter and traumatic experiences. Be that as it may, the author recommends/advocates, through her writing, a way of escape: hope. It shows through the representations made by the author that determination to overcome the challenges faced and the decision to put a cross on past bitter experiences are strong indications for individual transformation which would lead to the desired transformation and development of Africa. Transgression and cultural blending in the works of Fassinou are not limited to thematic study; it is also about the transgression of standard language codes and the mixing of languages. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the stylistic study of Fassinou’s works. As such, we are going to equally study formal aspects of Fassinou’s writing as a symbol of transgression and transcultural blending. , Dans le roman Jete en pature d’Adelaide Fassinou, le personnage feminin, Fifame, declare que « les livres ont un cote attachant. Ils deroulent sous nos regards la vie de personnes qui nous semblent si proches que nous nous identifions a elles. Certaines histoires ressemblent a la notre » (JP, 147). Fassinou elle-meme dit : En lisant ce livre, chere amie, tu feras egalement tienne I ’histoire de toutes ces femmes qui n ’ont vecu nulle part, sauf dans mon imagination. Mais la fiction dans laquelle elles se meuvent nous les rend encore plus proches st nous faitpartager leurs drames (MRB, 7). Ces propos refletent l’idee de la sociocritique qui indique qu’une reuvre litteraire pourrait etre une representation de la societe de son auteur(e). Ceci revient a dire que des evenements reels peuvent alimenter de plus en plus l’imagination litteraire. Aussi, poursuit-elle, « un livre est un chemin jalonne de marches, de chutes et de courses vers des lendemains qui chantent ou qui dechantent » (JP, 147). Les verbes « chanter » et « dechanter » dans ces propos devoilent la conception de l’ecriture a laquelle Fassinou adhere. « Chanter », a notre avis, pourrait denoter les gains des croisements des cultures, le resultat meme du modernisme. « Dechanter » pour sa part pourrait renvoyer a la violation de certaines valeurs traditionnelles et ou mieux encore aux attitudes transgressives dans une societe en pleine mutation. Ainsi donc la transgression et le metissage culturel constituent le point central de la discussion de cette recherche. Nous avons choisi d’analyser quelques reuvres litteraires d’Adelaide Fassinou, une ecrivaine beninoise qui est entree sur la scene litteraire au seuil du nouveau millenaire, en 2000. Par ce fait, on dirait que Fassinou appartient a une nouvelle generation d’ecrivains : les ecrivains du nouveau millenaire. Le titre du premier roman de Fassinou est revelateur. Il s’institule Modukpe, le reve brise, qui implique que l’homme a toujours un reve mais au cours du temps, ce reve pourrait etre brise. Chez Fassinou, ce manque de materialisation de reves serait le resultat de notre vision du monde ou les conceptions nouvelles rivalisent avec la tradition au point que la modernite soit simplement vue comme une transgression de lois de la tradition. C’est certes la transgression dans l’univers romanesque, une transgression contre la tradition et / ou la nature car « la nature a ses lois ». Et les experiences vecues par l’homme et surtout par la femme, Toute une vie ne viii suffirait pas pour en Parler. Et l’histoire d’etre Jete en pature est l’une de ses experiences. En lisant l’reuvre de Fassinou, on peut constater qu’elle presente assez de problemes sociaux qui renvoient a la notion de la transgression. Il en resulte que, pour se liberer, l’auteure qui represente la femme, recourt a ecrire des Poemes d ’amour et de ronces, de [S]es exiles, [s]es amours car il faut parler pour se sentir bien en soi-meme. Cette action de briser le silence par la femme constitue aussi en elle, une transgression car dans la tradition de l’auteure, la femme devrait etre reduite au silence. Fassinou a besoin de montrer que la cruaute au foyer, la volonte inflexible, la masculinite excessive et l’insensibilite conduisent a la revolte, au mecontentement et a la violence pouvant affecter toute la societe. Eu egard a cela, aimer un enfant au-dessus des autres compromettrait la cohesion familiale. C’est ainsi que le sujet du suicide fait partie de cette recherche. Ceci pourrait representer l’image de la violence nationale provoquee par le tribalisme et la geopolitique qu’on pourrait remarquer dans plusieurs pays sur le continent africain. Pour la plupart des critiques, la transgression des valeurs traditionnelles est due au metissage culturel car ce metissage est vu comme une evolution de la societe et de la culture qui represente une societe qui se trouve a la croisee des chemins. La transgression dans l’reuvre de Fassinou est la demystification de certaines croyances traditionnelles. La transgression de certains personnages conduit aux experiences ameres et traumatisantes. Quoi qu’il en soit, l’auteure preconise toujours, au moyen de son ecriture, une voie de sortie : l’espoir. Il transparait des representations que fait l’auteure que la determination pour surmonter les defis et la decision de mettre une croix sur les experiences ameres du passe sont des indications fortes pour la transformation individuelle qui amenera a la transformation et au developpement tant desire de l’Afrique. La transgression et le metissage culturel dans l’reuvre de Fassinou ne se limitent pas aux etudes thematiques ; il s’agit egalement de la transgression du code langagier standard et du melange des langues. La deuxieme partie de cette these est consacree a une etude stylistique de l’reuvre de Fassinou. Pour cela, nous avons etudie egalement les aspects des aspects formels de l’ecriture de Fassinou comme symbole de la transgression et du metissage culturel.
- Full Text:
Treatment of anaerobically digested brewery effluent in high rate algal ponds: an understanding of the microbial community structure in the ponds and the underlying mechanisms responsible for nutrient removal from the effluent
- Authors: Mogane, Mmathabo Lucretia
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Brewing industry -- Waste disposal -- South Africa , Breweries -- Waste displosal -- South Africa , Algae culture -- South Africa , Water -- Purification -- South Africa , Sewage lagoons -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5026 , vital:20754
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mogane, Mmathabo Lucretia
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Brewing industry -- Waste disposal -- South Africa , Breweries -- Waste displosal -- South Africa , Algae culture -- South Africa , Water -- Purification -- South Africa , Sewage lagoons -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5026 , vital:20754
- Full Text:
Umzila: a mark or track made by dragging any heavy body along the ground
- Authors: Makandula, Sikhumbuzo
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146523 , vital:38533 , https://www.ug.edu.gh/events/arts-council-african-studies-association-acasa-17th-triennial-symposium-august-8-â-13-2017
- Description: ACASA facilitates communication among scholars, teachers, students, artists, museum specialists, collectors, and all others interested in the arts of Africa and the African Diaspora. Its goals are to promote greater understanding of African material and expressive culture in all its forms, and to encourage contact and collaboration with African and Diaspora artists and scholars.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Makandula, Sikhumbuzo
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146523 , vital:38533 , https://www.ug.edu.gh/events/arts-council-african-studies-association-acasa-17th-triennial-symposium-august-8-â-13-2017
- Description: ACASA facilitates communication among scholars, teachers, students, artists, museum specialists, collectors, and all others interested in the arts of Africa and the African Diaspora. Its goals are to promote greater understanding of African material and expressive culture in all its forms, and to encourage contact and collaboration with African and Diaspora artists and scholars.
- Full Text:
Undefined cellulase formulations hinder scientific reproducibility
- Himmel, Michael E, Abbas, Charles A, Baker, John O, Bayer, Edward A, Bomble, Yannick J, Brunecky, Roman, Chen, Xiaowen, Felby, Claus, Jeoh, Tina, Kumar, Rajeev, McCleary, Barry V, Pletschke, Brett I, Tucker, Melvin P, Wyman, Charles E, Decker, Stephen R
- Authors: Himmel, Michael E , Abbas, Charles A , Baker, John O , Bayer, Edward A , Bomble, Yannick J , Brunecky, Roman , Chen, Xiaowen , Felby, Claus , Jeoh, Tina , Kumar, Rajeev , McCleary, Barry V , Pletschke, Brett I , Tucker, Melvin P , Wyman, Charles E , Decker, Stephen R
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61402 , vital:28022 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0974-y
- Description: In the shadow of a burgeoning biomass-to-fuels industry, biological conversion of lignocellulose to fermentable sugars in a cost-effective manner is key to the success of second-generation and advanced biofuel production. For the effective comparison of one cellulase preparation to another, cellulase assays are typically carried out with one or more engineered cellulase formulations or natural exoproteomes of known performance serving as positive controls. When these formulations have unknown composition, as is the case with several widely used commercial products, it becomes impossible to compare or reproduce work done today to work done in the future, where, for example, such preparations may not be available. Therefore, being a critical tenet of science publishing, experimental reproducibility is endangered by the continued use of these undisclosed products. We propose the introduction of standard procedures and materials to produce specific and reproducible cellulase formulations. These formulations are to serve as yardsticks to measure improvements and performance of new cellulase formulations.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Himmel, Michael E , Abbas, Charles A , Baker, John O , Bayer, Edward A , Bomble, Yannick J , Brunecky, Roman , Chen, Xiaowen , Felby, Claus , Jeoh, Tina , Kumar, Rajeev , McCleary, Barry V , Pletschke, Brett I , Tucker, Melvin P , Wyman, Charles E , Decker, Stephen R
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61402 , vital:28022 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0974-y
- Description: In the shadow of a burgeoning biomass-to-fuels industry, biological conversion of lignocellulose to fermentable sugars in a cost-effective manner is key to the success of second-generation and advanced biofuel production. For the effective comparison of one cellulase preparation to another, cellulase assays are typically carried out with one or more engineered cellulase formulations or natural exoproteomes of known performance serving as positive controls. When these formulations have unknown composition, as is the case with several widely used commercial products, it becomes impossible to compare or reproduce work done today to work done in the future, where, for example, such preparations may not be available. Therefore, being a critical tenet of science publishing, experimental reproducibility is endangered by the continued use of these undisclosed products. We propose the introduction of standard procedures and materials to produce specific and reproducible cellulase formulations. These formulations are to serve as yardsticks to measure improvements and performance of new cellulase formulations.
- Full Text:
Understanding as an epistemic virtue : a value-driven non-factive account
- Authors: Rybko, Caitlin
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:21195 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6874
- Description: Understanding has been somewhat undervalued and underexplored in the current literature and often its value is tied into that of either truth or knowledge. This thesis aims to provide an account of understanding that defends its value as an epistemic good that is not contingent on either knowledge or truth. I will aim to construct an account that is value driven rather than nature driven as it seems that this is where the problem lies. In order to do this I will assess two current accounts of understanding and show that they cannot adequately explain the value that we give to understanding, nor do they explain how we understand.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Rybko, Caitlin
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:21195 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6874
- Description: Understanding has been somewhat undervalued and underexplored in the current literature and often its value is tied into that of either truth or knowledge. This thesis aims to provide an account of understanding that defends its value as an epistemic good that is not contingent on either knowledge or truth. I will aim to construct an account that is value driven rather than nature driven as it seems that this is where the problem lies. In order to do this I will assess two current accounts of understanding and show that they cannot adequately explain the value that we give to understanding, nor do they explain how we understand.
- Full Text:
Understanding social-ecological changes in Fairbairn village, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Falayi, Menelisi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Fairbairn Village (Eastern Cape, South Africa) , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Fairbairn Village , Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Fairbairn Village
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7408 , vital:21257
- Description: The world is becoming increasingly complex and uncertain due to increasing levels of social- ecological change. Rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa are faced with multiple interconnected challenges such as population growth, environmental change, economic recession and climatic changes, amongst others. Such challenges can play a key role in determining vulnerability and food security, particularly for natural resource product- dependent societies that have limited livelihood sources. Studies that consider understanding how society and ecosystems simultaneously interact and respond to new and exacerbated drivers are increasingly needed. Therefore, this study was conducted in Fairbairn village, Eastern Cape, South Africa with the purpose of exploring multi-scale historical processes and current related trends in livelihood and environmental change, and the implications for future trajectories under a changing climate. This study applied social-ecological thinking and several conceptual approaches were combined to provide a lens for exploring the changes taking place. These included, inter alia, complexity theory, social-ecological systems, the sustainable livelihoods approach and the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services framework and principles. The study employed a mixed method approach to gather data, which included a household survey, aerial photography, historical records as well as Participatory Learning and Action, focus group discussions, and Participatory Scenario techniques. Quantitative data were analysed using Excel and Statistica version 13, whilst coding was used for thematic analysis of qualitative data. The main objective of this study was to explore multi-scale historical processes and current related trends of livelihood and environmental change, and the implications of these for future trajectories under a changing climate. Livelihood and landscape changes in Fairbairn village are embedded within a history of direct state intervention and more recently, improvements in basic service delivery. The findings show that natural resource products still form an important part of people’s livelihoods despite many other changes over the last fifteen years. A high proportion of households continue to utilise different products to meet household needs. The most widely used products are fuelwood, wild herbs and wild fruits. More so, my results revealed a significant increase in the number of people commercialising natural resource products over the past fifteen years. Furthermore, I found that rural livelihoods in Fairbairn are heavily dependent on external income and consumption and have become increasingly divorced from local production patterns. My results depict a steady decline of cultivated fields with a corresponding increase of home gardens since the 1960s. Therefore, the results demonstrate that current livelihood strategies are an expression of historical processes interacting with current contextual complexities. Given the complex and multidimensional issues at play in Fairbairn, the study highlights that there is no straightforward answer regarding future livelihood strategies. However, participatory scenario deliberations revealed that the youth were much more open to diversified and even very different forms of livelihood strategies in the future, whilst community leaders and elders remained firmly attached to farming activities. Understanding the diversity of past livelihood changes, together with current trends, can help to better contextualise future livelihood trajectories and this can therefore help rural communities identify and avoid undesirable futures under a changing climate.
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- Authors: Falayi, Menelisi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Fairbairn Village (Eastern Cape, South Africa) , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Fairbairn Village , Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Fairbairn Village
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7408 , vital:21257
- Description: The world is becoming increasingly complex and uncertain due to increasing levels of social- ecological change. Rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa are faced with multiple interconnected challenges such as population growth, environmental change, economic recession and climatic changes, amongst others. Such challenges can play a key role in determining vulnerability and food security, particularly for natural resource product- dependent societies that have limited livelihood sources. Studies that consider understanding how society and ecosystems simultaneously interact and respond to new and exacerbated drivers are increasingly needed. Therefore, this study was conducted in Fairbairn village, Eastern Cape, South Africa with the purpose of exploring multi-scale historical processes and current related trends in livelihood and environmental change, and the implications for future trajectories under a changing climate. This study applied social-ecological thinking and several conceptual approaches were combined to provide a lens for exploring the changes taking place. These included, inter alia, complexity theory, social-ecological systems, the sustainable livelihoods approach and the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services framework and principles. The study employed a mixed method approach to gather data, which included a household survey, aerial photography, historical records as well as Participatory Learning and Action, focus group discussions, and Participatory Scenario techniques. Quantitative data were analysed using Excel and Statistica version 13, whilst coding was used for thematic analysis of qualitative data. The main objective of this study was to explore multi-scale historical processes and current related trends of livelihood and environmental change, and the implications of these for future trajectories under a changing climate. Livelihood and landscape changes in Fairbairn village are embedded within a history of direct state intervention and more recently, improvements in basic service delivery. The findings show that natural resource products still form an important part of people’s livelihoods despite many other changes over the last fifteen years. A high proportion of households continue to utilise different products to meet household needs. The most widely used products are fuelwood, wild herbs and wild fruits. More so, my results revealed a significant increase in the number of people commercialising natural resource products over the past fifteen years. Furthermore, I found that rural livelihoods in Fairbairn are heavily dependent on external income and consumption and have become increasingly divorced from local production patterns. My results depict a steady decline of cultivated fields with a corresponding increase of home gardens since the 1960s. Therefore, the results demonstrate that current livelihood strategies are an expression of historical processes interacting with current contextual complexities. Given the complex and multidimensional issues at play in Fairbairn, the study highlights that there is no straightforward answer regarding future livelihood strategies. However, participatory scenario deliberations revealed that the youth were much more open to diversified and even very different forms of livelihood strategies in the future, whilst community leaders and elders remained firmly attached to farming activities. Understanding the diversity of past livelihood changes, together with current trends, can help to better contextualise future livelihood trajectories and this can therefore help rural communities identify and avoid undesirable futures under a changing climate.
- Full Text:
Understanding spatial variation in the drivers of nature-based tourism and their influence on the sustainability of private land conservation
- Baum, Julia, Cumming, Graeme S, de Vos, Alta
- Authors: Baum, Julia , Cumming, Graeme S , de Vos, Alta
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/416481 , vital:71352 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.05.005"
- Description: Protected areas connect socio-economic and ecological systems through their provision of ecosystem goods and services. Analysis of ecosystem services allows the expression of ecological benefits in economic terms. However, cultural services, such as recreation opportunities, have proved difficult to quantify. An important challenge for the analysis of cultural services is to understand the geography of service provision in relation to both human and ecological system elements. We used data on visitation rates and measures of context, content, connectivity, and location for 64 private land conservation areas (PLCAs) to better understand geographic influences on cultural service provision. Visitation to PLCAs was influenced by a combination of ecological and socio-economic drivers. Variance partitioning analysis showed that ecology explained the largest proportion of overall variation in visitation rates (26%), followed by location (22%). In tests using generalized linear mixed models, individual factors that significantly explained visitation rates included the number of mammal species, the number of Big 5-species (ecological variables), the number of facilities provided (infrastructure) and average accommodation charges (affordability). Our analysis has important implications for the economic sustainability of PLCAs and more generally for understanding the relevance of spatial variation for analyses of cultural services.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Baum, Julia , Cumming, Graeme S , de Vos, Alta
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/416481 , vital:71352 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.05.005"
- Description: Protected areas connect socio-economic and ecological systems through their provision of ecosystem goods and services. Analysis of ecosystem services allows the expression of ecological benefits in economic terms. However, cultural services, such as recreation opportunities, have proved difficult to quantify. An important challenge for the analysis of cultural services is to understand the geography of service provision in relation to both human and ecological system elements. We used data on visitation rates and measures of context, content, connectivity, and location for 64 private land conservation areas (PLCAs) to better understand geographic influences on cultural service provision. Visitation to PLCAs was influenced by a combination of ecological and socio-economic drivers. Variance partitioning analysis showed that ecology explained the largest proportion of overall variation in visitation rates (26%), followed by location (22%). In tests using generalized linear mixed models, individual factors that significantly explained visitation rates included the number of mammal species, the number of Big 5-species (ecological variables), the number of facilities provided (infrastructure) and average accommodation charges (affordability). Our analysis has important implications for the economic sustainability of PLCAs and more generally for understanding the relevance of spatial variation for analyses of cultural services.
- Full Text: