Inhibitor search and variant analysis of Acetylcholinesterase
- Authors: Ras, Harnaud
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Acetylcholinesterase , Alzheimer's disease , Acetylcholinesterase -- Inhibitors , Alzheimer's disease -- Chemotherapy , Cerebrovascular disease -- Treatment , Molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA)
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178191 , vital:42919
- Description: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition is used to treat Alzheimer's disease by increasing the availability of acetylcholine to carry nerve signals in the brain. The response to this treatment varies widely, which may be due to altered affnity to the current drugs caused by genetic variation. Various negative side-effects limit their use. As this is one of the only available therapeutic drug targets to treat Alzheimer's disease, decreasing the negative effects is of great importance. AChE is involved in biological processes that occur after acute ischemic stroke. Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide, and 87% of all stroke cases belong to ischemic stroke. AchEI (cholinesterase inhibitors) have been suggested to have properties that lower the risk of stroke. AChE is one of 15 verified drug targets under study for treatment of stroke. In addition to Alzheimer's disease and stroke, Lewy body disease (LBD) may be treated using cholinesterase inhibitors. The goals of this study are to find inhibitors that can potentially be used to treat Alzheimer's disease and/or stroke and to investigate variants which may affect protein dynamics and function. Two variants were analyzed, P247L and T229S. Molecular simulation of the P247L variant resulted in a disruption in protein dynamics in comparison to the wildtype. A total of 5728 molecules were screened and 10 nanosecond simulations were used to narrow down the set of compounds. The four best performing molecules were simulated for 10 nanoseconds. MM-PBSA was performed to identify molecules with high binding free energies. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Ras, Harnaud
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Acetylcholinesterase , Alzheimer's disease , Acetylcholinesterase -- Inhibitors , Alzheimer's disease -- Chemotherapy , Cerebrovascular disease -- Treatment , Molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA)
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178191 , vital:42919
- Description: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition is used to treat Alzheimer's disease by increasing the availability of acetylcholine to carry nerve signals in the brain. The response to this treatment varies widely, which may be due to altered affnity to the current drugs caused by genetic variation. Various negative side-effects limit their use. As this is one of the only available therapeutic drug targets to treat Alzheimer's disease, decreasing the negative effects is of great importance. AChE is involved in biological processes that occur after acute ischemic stroke. Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide, and 87% of all stroke cases belong to ischemic stroke. AchEI (cholinesterase inhibitors) have been suggested to have properties that lower the risk of stroke. AChE is one of 15 verified drug targets under study for treatment of stroke. In addition to Alzheimer's disease and stroke, Lewy body disease (LBD) may be treated using cholinesterase inhibitors. The goals of this study are to find inhibitors that can potentially be used to treat Alzheimer's disease and/or stroke and to investigate variants which may affect protein dynamics and function. Two variants were analyzed, P247L and T229S. Molecular simulation of the P247L variant resulted in a disruption in protein dynamics in comparison to the wildtype. A total of 5728 molecules were screened and 10 nanosecond simulations were used to narrow down the set of compounds. The four best performing molecules were simulated for 10 nanoseconds. MM-PBSA was performed to identify molecules with high binding free energies. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Repurposing a polymer precursor scaffold for medicinal application: Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of ferrocenyl 1,3-benzoxazine derivatives as potential antiprotozoal and anticancer agents
- Authors: Mbaba, Mziyanda
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/164502 , vital:41124 , DOI 10.21504/10962/164502
- Description: The benzoxazines are a prominent class of heterocyclic compounds that possess a multitude of properties. To this end, benzoxazine derivatives have been used as versatile compounds for various utilities ranging from biological applications to the fabrication of polymers. Particularly, the 1,3-benzoxazine scaffold has featured in several bioactive compounds showing antimalarial, anticancer and antibacterial activities. Traditionally, it has been employed as a substrate in the synthesis of polymers with appealing physical and chemical properties. Due to the increasing interest in the polymer application of 1,3-benzoxazines, research of the 1,3-benzoxazine motif for polymer synthesis has been prioritized over other applications including its medicinal potential. The continuous development of resistance to clinical anticancer and antimalarial drugs has necessitated the need for the search of innovative bioactive compounds as potential alternative medicinal agents. To address this, the field of medicinal chemistry is adapting new approaches to counter resistance by incorporating nonconventional chemical moieties such as organometallic complexes, like ferrocene, into bioactive chemical motifs to serve as novel compounds with medicinal benefits. Incorporation of ferrocene into known bioactive chemical moieties has been shown to impart beneficial biological effects into the resultant compounds, which include the introduction of novel, and sometimes varied, mechanistic modalities and enhanced potency. Presented with the benefits of this strategy, the current work aims to design and evaluate the pharmaceutical capacity of novel derivatives containing 1,3-benzoxazine scaffold (traditionally applied in polymer synthesis) hybridized with the organometallic ferrocene unit as bioactive agents. Using a combination of expedient synthetic procedures such as the Burke three-component Mannich-type condensation, Vilsmeier-Haack formylation and reductive amination, four series of ferrocenyl 1,3-benzoxazine derivatives were synthesized and their structures confirmed by common spectroscopic techniques: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The target compounds were evaluated in vitro for potential antimalarial and anticancer activities against strains of the malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and Dd2) and the triple-negative breast cancer cell line HCC70. Compounds exhibited higher potency towards the Plasmodium falciparum strains with IC50 values in the low and sub-micromolar range in comparison to the breast cancer cell line against for which mid-molar activities were observed. To gain insight into the possible mode of action of ferrocenyl 1,3-benzoxazines, representative compounds showing most efficacy from each series were assessed for DNA binding affinity by employing UV-Vis and fluorescence DNA titration experiments. The selected compounds were found to interact with the DNA by binding to the minor groove, and these findings were confirmed by in silico ligand docking studies using a B-DNA structure as the receptor. Compound 3.16c (IC50: 0.261 μM [3D7], 0.599 μM [Dd2], 11.0 μM [HCC70]), which emerged as the most promising compound, was found to induce DNA damage in HCC70 cancer cells when investigated for effects of DNA interaction. Additionally, compound 3.16c displayed a higher binding constant (Kb) against DNA isolated from 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum trophozoites (Kb = 1.88×106 M-1) than the mammalian DNA (Kb = 6.33×104 M-1) from calf thymus, thus explaining the preferred selectivity of the compounds for the malaria parasite. Moreover, the investigated compounds demonstrated binding affinity for synthetic hemozoin, β-hematin. Collectively, these data suggest that the compounds possess a dual mode of action for antimalarial activity involving DNA interaction and hemozoin inhibition. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mbaba, Mziyanda
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/164502 , vital:41124 , DOI 10.21504/10962/164502
- Description: The benzoxazines are a prominent class of heterocyclic compounds that possess a multitude of properties. To this end, benzoxazine derivatives have been used as versatile compounds for various utilities ranging from biological applications to the fabrication of polymers. Particularly, the 1,3-benzoxazine scaffold has featured in several bioactive compounds showing antimalarial, anticancer and antibacterial activities. Traditionally, it has been employed as a substrate in the synthesis of polymers with appealing physical and chemical properties. Due to the increasing interest in the polymer application of 1,3-benzoxazines, research of the 1,3-benzoxazine motif for polymer synthesis has been prioritized over other applications including its medicinal potential. The continuous development of resistance to clinical anticancer and antimalarial drugs has necessitated the need for the search of innovative bioactive compounds as potential alternative medicinal agents. To address this, the field of medicinal chemistry is adapting new approaches to counter resistance by incorporating nonconventional chemical moieties such as organometallic complexes, like ferrocene, into bioactive chemical motifs to serve as novel compounds with medicinal benefits. Incorporation of ferrocene into known bioactive chemical moieties has been shown to impart beneficial biological effects into the resultant compounds, which include the introduction of novel, and sometimes varied, mechanistic modalities and enhanced potency. Presented with the benefits of this strategy, the current work aims to design and evaluate the pharmaceutical capacity of novel derivatives containing 1,3-benzoxazine scaffold (traditionally applied in polymer synthesis) hybridized with the organometallic ferrocene unit as bioactive agents. Using a combination of expedient synthetic procedures such as the Burke three-component Mannich-type condensation, Vilsmeier-Haack formylation and reductive amination, four series of ferrocenyl 1,3-benzoxazine derivatives were synthesized and their structures confirmed by common spectroscopic techniques: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The target compounds were evaluated in vitro for potential antimalarial and anticancer activities against strains of the malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and Dd2) and the triple-negative breast cancer cell line HCC70. Compounds exhibited higher potency towards the Plasmodium falciparum strains with IC50 values in the low and sub-micromolar range in comparison to the breast cancer cell line against for which mid-molar activities were observed. To gain insight into the possible mode of action of ferrocenyl 1,3-benzoxazines, representative compounds showing most efficacy from each series were assessed for DNA binding affinity by employing UV-Vis and fluorescence DNA titration experiments. The selected compounds were found to interact with the DNA by binding to the minor groove, and these findings were confirmed by in silico ligand docking studies using a B-DNA structure as the receptor. Compound 3.16c (IC50: 0.261 μM [3D7], 0.599 μM [Dd2], 11.0 μM [HCC70]), which emerged as the most promising compound, was found to induce DNA damage in HCC70 cancer cells when investigated for effects of DNA interaction. Additionally, compound 3.16c displayed a higher binding constant (Kb) against DNA isolated from 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum trophozoites (Kb = 1.88×106 M-1) than the mammalian DNA (Kb = 6.33×104 M-1) from calf thymus, thus explaining the preferred selectivity of the compounds for the malaria parasite. Moreover, the investigated compounds demonstrated binding affinity for synthetic hemozoin, β-hematin. Collectively, these data suggest that the compounds possess a dual mode of action for antimalarial activity involving DNA interaction and hemozoin inhibition. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Understanding the livelihoods of Zimbabwean informal traders in South Africa: the case of Makhanda
- Musiyandaka, Tariro Henrietta
- Authors: Musiyandaka, Tariro Henrietta
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Informal sector (Economics) South Africa Makhanda , Foreign workers, Zimbabwean South Africa Makhanda Economic conditions , Foreign workers, Zimbabwean South Africa Makhanda Social conditions , Street vendors South Africa Makhanda
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/164535 , vital:41127
- Description: Increasingly, Zimbabweans are migrating from their country for both economic and political reasons, with South Africa being the primary destination. In seeking employment in South Africa, Zimbabweans face numerous initial problems, including the high unemployment rate in the country alongside restrictions on their employment in the formal economy. In this context, Zimbabweans often turn to work in the informal economy, including as informal traders. This thesis seeks to understand the lives and livelihoods of Zimbabwean informal traders in Makhanda in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Drawing upon the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach, and in the light of existing literature on Zimbabweans more broadly in South Africa, the thesis examines the livelihoods of a purposeful sampled grouping of six informal traders from Zimbabwe in Makhanda. It discusses their reasons for leaving Zimbabwe, their journey from Zimbabwe to Makhanda, relationships amongst themselves and their ongoing relationships with family back home, as well as their hopes and plans for the future. It also examines more specifically their livelihood activities, the daily challenges they face in pursuing their livelihoods and concerns about their livelihood status in South Africa. Despite the many deep-rooted systemic obstacles confronting these Zimbabwean informal traders, the thesis concludes that they demonstrate significant micro-level ingenuity in pursuing their livelihoods in South Africa. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Musiyandaka, Tariro Henrietta
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Informal sector (Economics) South Africa Makhanda , Foreign workers, Zimbabwean South Africa Makhanda Economic conditions , Foreign workers, Zimbabwean South Africa Makhanda Social conditions , Street vendors South Africa Makhanda
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/164535 , vital:41127
- Description: Increasingly, Zimbabweans are migrating from their country for both economic and political reasons, with South Africa being the primary destination. In seeking employment in South Africa, Zimbabweans face numerous initial problems, including the high unemployment rate in the country alongside restrictions on their employment in the formal economy. In this context, Zimbabweans often turn to work in the informal economy, including as informal traders. This thesis seeks to understand the lives and livelihoods of Zimbabwean informal traders in Makhanda in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Drawing upon the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach, and in the light of existing literature on Zimbabweans more broadly in South Africa, the thesis examines the livelihoods of a purposeful sampled grouping of six informal traders from Zimbabwe in Makhanda. It discusses their reasons for leaving Zimbabwe, their journey from Zimbabwe to Makhanda, relationships amongst themselves and their ongoing relationships with family back home, as well as their hopes and plans for the future. It also examines more specifically their livelihood activities, the daily challenges they face in pursuing their livelihoods and concerns about their livelihood status in South Africa. Despite the many deep-rooted systemic obstacles confronting these Zimbabwean informal traders, the thesis concludes that they demonstrate significant micro-level ingenuity in pursuing their livelihoods in South Africa. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
An investigation into repeated admission of abused women with mental illness in a psychiatric institution: a case study of selected outpatients in Port Elizabeth
- Swelindawo, Monica Priscilla
- Authors: Swelindawo, Monica Priscilla
- Date: 2019-12
- Subjects: Abused women , Abused wives -- Services for , Family Violence
- Language: English
- Type: Master's/Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21092 , vital:46975
- Description: The aim of this study was to investigate causes of repeated admissions of mentally ill women in a psychiatric institution. The study was conducted in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, which comprises Port Elizabeth, Despatch and Uitenhage. A focus group and unstructured interviews were used to collect data. The focus group consisted of 9 participants, which comprised 7 family members or caregivers of mentally ill women with repeated admissions in a psychiatric institution and 2 professionals, a psychiatric social worker and a doctor. Since this is a relatively new area of study, thus a qualitative research method was used for the researcher to interact with participants in their natural habitat. Snowball sampling was used to locate members of the population. Literature review has demonstrated that continued exposure to abuse has a negative effect on the mental health of the survivor. Some of the women were mentally fit before the abuse, but due to abuse at the hands of their husbands or partners, and sometimes families, became mentally ill. Neglect, lack of understanding of mental illness, defaulting of medication and lack of trained psychiatric professionals in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality were found to be the most common reasons that led to repeated admissions. , Thesis (MSoc Sci) (Social Work) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-12
- Authors: Swelindawo, Monica Priscilla
- Date: 2019-12
- Subjects: Abused women , Abused wives -- Services for , Family Violence
- Language: English
- Type: Master's/Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21092 , vital:46975
- Description: The aim of this study was to investigate causes of repeated admissions of mentally ill women in a psychiatric institution. The study was conducted in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, which comprises Port Elizabeth, Despatch and Uitenhage. A focus group and unstructured interviews were used to collect data. The focus group consisted of 9 participants, which comprised 7 family members or caregivers of mentally ill women with repeated admissions in a psychiatric institution and 2 professionals, a psychiatric social worker and a doctor. Since this is a relatively new area of study, thus a qualitative research method was used for the researcher to interact with participants in their natural habitat. Snowball sampling was used to locate members of the population. Literature review has demonstrated that continued exposure to abuse has a negative effect on the mental health of the survivor. Some of the women were mentally fit before the abuse, but due to abuse at the hands of their husbands or partners, and sometimes families, became mentally ill. Neglect, lack of understanding of mental illness, defaulting of medication and lack of trained psychiatric professionals in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality were found to be the most common reasons that led to repeated admissions. , Thesis (MSoc Sci) (Social Work) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-12
Job satisfaction at a public hospital in the Nelson Mandela Bay: Lived experiences of professional nurses
- Authors: Vamva, Valencia Nomawethu
- Date: 2019-12
- Subjects: Nursing -- Job satisfaction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public hospitals -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Public health Nursing
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60843 , vital:67951
- Description: Job satisfaction has been recognised as one of the most important factors influencing a nurse’s desire to remain in the nursing profession. Nurses play a pivotal role in determining the efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of the healthcare system. Understanding the job satisfaction of professional nurses in public hospitals is critical because it has a direct relationship with turnover rates. The aim of the study was to explore the lived experiences of professional nurses at a public hospital in the Nelson Mandela Bay. The research design was a qualitative, descriptive phenomenological design. The research population for this study was professional nurses in a public hospital of the Nelson Mandela Bay. A non-probability, purposive sampling method was used. The data collection method for this study was face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with the professional nurses. Trustworthiness was based on the four criteria of trustworthiness which are: credibility, dependability, transferability and confirmability. The ethical standards for this study were based on the three principles of the Belmont Report which are respect for persons, beneficence and justice. Professional nurses are important in the health care system because of their provision of adequate health care. Literature has indicated that the public sector hospitals of South Africa have many challenges. The challenges faced by these public sector hospitals may affect the nurses’ job satisfaction, their performance and the quality of care. This study was helpful as it explored the experiences of professional nurses regarding job satisfaction in a public hospital of the Nelson Mandela Bay. The professional nurses highlighted the aspects of their work environment that influenced their job satisfaction and recommendations were made to resolve the situation. These were the need for sufficient staff, adequate salaries, a management-staff bond, continuous development of staff, the need for supervisors to monitor staff tardiness, sufficient resources and their maintenance, improvement of hospital infrastructure and ensuring staff safety. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-12
- Authors: Vamva, Valencia Nomawethu
- Date: 2019-12
- Subjects: Nursing -- Job satisfaction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public hospitals -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Public health Nursing
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60843 , vital:67951
- Description: Job satisfaction has been recognised as one of the most important factors influencing a nurse’s desire to remain in the nursing profession. Nurses play a pivotal role in determining the efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of the healthcare system. Understanding the job satisfaction of professional nurses in public hospitals is critical because it has a direct relationship with turnover rates. The aim of the study was to explore the lived experiences of professional nurses at a public hospital in the Nelson Mandela Bay. The research design was a qualitative, descriptive phenomenological design. The research population for this study was professional nurses in a public hospital of the Nelson Mandela Bay. A non-probability, purposive sampling method was used. The data collection method for this study was face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with the professional nurses. Trustworthiness was based on the four criteria of trustworthiness which are: credibility, dependability, transferability and confirmability. The ethical standards for this study were based on the three principles of the Belmont Report which are respect for persons, beneficence and justice. Professional nurses are important in the health care system because of their provision of adequate health care. Literature has indicated that the public sector hospitals of South Africa have many challenges. The challenges faced by these public sector hospitals may affect the nurses’ job satisfaction, their performance and the quality of care. This study was helpful as it explored the experiences of professional nurses regarding job satisfaction in a public hospital of the Nelson Mandela Bay. The professional nurses highlighted the aspects of their work environment that influenced their job satisfaction and recommendations were made to resolve the situation. These were the need for sufficient staff, adequate salaries, a management-staff bond, continuous development of staff, the need for supervisors to monitor staff tardiness, sufficient resources and their maintenance, improvement of hospital infrastructure and ensuring staff safety. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-12
The relationship between financial development and economic growth in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)
- Fakudze, Siphe-okuhlehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7928-5552
- Authors: Fakudze, Siphe-okuhlehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7928-5552
- Date: 2019-12
- Subjects: Economic development -- Eswatini , Eswatini -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19704 , vital:43170
- Description: The study empirically examined the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Eswatini using quarterly time series data covering the period 1996 to 2018. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag bounds test technique and Granger causality test were used. The ratio of credit to the private sector to economic growth, openness to trade, revealed a positive relationship with economic growth in the long-run and short-run dynamics. Money supply displayed a negative association with real output in the long-run and short-run. Government size as a ratio of GDP highlighted a negative linkage with economic growth in the long-run and temporary positive association in the short-run. The Granger Causality test results displayed unidirectional causality running from financial development to economic growth, supporting the demand following causality hypothesis in Eswatini. The study recommends developing policies aimed at enhancing credit to the private sector to stimulate investment; reprioritise Government expenditure to minimise fiscal gap and support supply side reforms focusing on infrastructure development; control domestic liquidity and develop market securities attractive to the private sector; strengthen trade intensity to bolster growth; and improve regulatory framework to develop the non-bank financial industry. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-12
- Authors: Fakudze, Siphe-okuhlehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7928-5552
- Date: 2019-12
- Subjects: Economic development -- Eswatini , Eswatini -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19704 , vital:43170
- Description: The study empirically examined the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Eswatini using quarterly time series data covering the period 1996 to 2018. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag bounds test technique and Granger causality test were used. The ratio of credit to the private sector to economic growth, openness to trade, revealed a positive relationship with economic growth in the long-run and short-run dynamics. Money supply displayed a negative association with real output in the long-run and short-run. Government size as a ratio of GDP highlighted a negative linkage with economic growth in the long-run and temporary positive association in the short-run. The Granger Causality test results displayed unidirectional causality running from financial development to economic growth, supporting the demand following causality hypothesis in Eswatini. The study recommends developing policies aimed at enhancing credit to the private sector to stimulate investment; reprioritise Government expenditure to minimise fiscal gap and support supply side reforms focusing on infrastructure development; control domestic liquidity and develop market securities attractive to the private sector; strengthen trade intensity to bolster growth; and improve regulatory framework to develop the non-bank financial industry. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-12
Wavelet Theory: for Economic & Financial Cycles
- Authors: Mlambo, Farai Fredric
- Date: 2019-12
- Subjects: Wavelets (Mathematics) , Finance -- Mathematical models , Economic forecasting
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49930 , vital:41861
- Description: Cycles - their nature in existence, their implications on human-kind and the study thereof have sparked some important philosophical debates since the very pre-historic days. Notable contributions by famous, genius philosophers, mathematicians, historians and economists such as Pareto, Deulofeu, Danielewski, Kuznets, Kondratiev, Elliot and many others in itself shows how cycles and their study have been deemed important, through the history and process of scientific and philosophical inquiry. Particularly, the explication of Business, Economic and Financial cycles have seen some significant research and policy attention. Nevertheless, most of the methodologies employed in this space are either purely empirical in nature, time series based or the so-called Regime-Switching Markov model popularized in Economics by James Hamilton. In this work, we develop a Statistical, non-linear model fit based on circle geometry which is applicable for the dating of cycles. This study proposes a scalable, smooth and differentiable quarter-circular wavelet basis for the smoothing and dating of business, economic and financial cycles. The dating then necessitates the forecasting of the cyclical patterns in the evolution of business, economic and financial time series. The practical significance of dating and forecasting business and financial cycles cannot be over-emphasized. The use of wavelet decomposition in explaining cycles can be seen as an critical contribution of spectral methods of statistical modelling to finance and economic policy at large. Being a relatively new method, wavelet analysis has seen some great contribution in geophysical modelling. This study endeavours to widen the use and application of frequency-time decomposition to the economic and financial space. Wavelets are localized in both time and frequency, such that there is no loss of the time resolution. The importance of time resolution in dating of cycles is another motivation behind using wavelets. Moreover, the preservation of time resolution in wavelet analysis is a fundamental strength employed in the dating of cycles. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Science, Mathematical Statistics, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-12
- Authors: Mlambo, Farai Fredric
- Date: 2019-12
- Subjects: Wavelets (Mathematics) , Finance -- Mathematical models , Economic forecasting
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49930 , vital:41861
- Description: Cycles - their nature in existence, their implications on human-kind and the study thereof have sparked some important philosophical debates since the very pre-historic days. Notable contributions by famous, genius philosophers, mathematicians, historians and economists such as Pareto, Deulofeu, Danielewski, Kuznets, Kondratiev, Elliot and many others in itself shows how cycles and their study have been deemed important, through the history and process of scientific and philosophical inquiry. Particularly, the explication of Business, Economic and Financial cycles have seen some significant research and policy attention. Nevertheless, most of the methodologies employed in this space are either purely empirical in nature, time series based or the so-called Regime-Switching Markov model popularized in Economics by James Hamilton. In this work, we develop a Statistical, non-linear model fit based on circle geometry which is applicable for the dating of cycles. This study proposes a scalable, smooth and differentiable quarter-circular wavelet basis for the smoothing and dating of business, economic and financial cycles. The dating then necessitates the forecasting of the cyclical patterns in the evolution of business, economic and financial time series. The practical significance of dating and forecasting business and financial cycles cannot be over-emphasized. The use of wavelet decomposition in explaining cycles can be seen as an critical contribution of spectral methods of statistical modelling to finance and economic policy at large. Being a relatively new method, wavelet analysis has seen some great contribution in geophysical modelling. This study endeavours to widen the use and application of frequency-time decomposition to the economic and financial space. Wavelets are localized in both time and frequency, such that there is no loss of the time resolution. The importance of time resolution in dating of cycles is another motivation behind using wavelets. Moreover, the preservation of time resolution in wavelet analysis is a fundamental strength employed in the dating of cycles. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Science, Mathematical Statistics, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-12
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