A gold–chitosan composite with low symmetry zinc phthalocyanine for enhanced singlet oxygen generation and improved photodynamic therapy activity
- Dube, Edith, Oluwole, David O, Prinsloo, Earl, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Dube, Edith , Oluwole, David O , Prinsloo, Earl , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/233397 , vital:50087 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ00801A"
- Description: Novel zinc(II) 3-(4-((3,17,23-tris(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenoxy)phthalocyanine-9-yl)oxy)phenyl)propanoic acid (complex 3) was synthesised. Complex 3 was subsequently reacted with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), chitosan (CT) and a gold–chitosan (AuCT) hybrid to form 3-AuNPs, 3-CT and 3-AuCT, respectively. The conjugates afforded a decrease in fluorescence quantum yield with a corresponding increase in the triplet and singlet quantum yields compared to complex 3. The in vitro dark cytotoxicity and photodynamic therapy activity (PDT) of complex 3 and 3-AuCT composites were investigated against epithelial breast cancer cells (MCF-7) with both the samples showing minimum dark cytotoxicity. They both accounted for a cell viability of ≥90% at a concentration of ≤59.2 μg mL−1. 3-AuCT showed better PDT activity (compared to 3 alone) with less than 50% viable cells at a concentration of ≥29.6 μg mL−1 making it potentially applicable for PDT. On the other hand, AuCT displayed some activity against cancer cells, probably due to photothermal activity since gold is a light absorber, however it had more than 50% viable cells at a concentration of ≤59.2 μg mL−1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dube, Edith , Oluwole, David O , Prinsloo, Earl , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/233397 , vital:50087 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ00801A"
- Description: Novel zinc(II) 3-(4-((3,17,23-tris(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenoxy)phthalocyanine-9-yl)oxy)phenyl)propanoic acid (complex 3) was synthesised. Complex 3 was subsequently reacted with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), chitosan (CT) and a gold–chitosan (AuCT) hybrid to form 3-AuNPs, 3-CT and 3-AuCT, respectively. The conjugates afforded a decrease in fluorescence quantum yield with a corresponding increase in the triplet and singlet quantum yields compared to complex 3. The in vitro dark cytotoxicity and photodynamic therapy activity (PDT) of complex 3 and 3-AuCT composites were investigated against epithelial breast cancer cells (MCF-7) with both the samples showing minimum dark cytotoxicity. They both accounted for a cell viability of ≥90% at a concentration of ≤59.2 μg mL−1. 3-AuCT showed better PDT activity (compared to 3 alone) with less than 50% viable cells at a concentration of ≥29.6 μg mL−1 making it potentially applicable for PDT. On the other hand, AuCT displayed some activity against cancer cells, probably due to photothermal activity since gold is a light absorber, however it had more than 50% viable cells at a concentration of ≤59.2 μg mL−1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Effect of nature of nanoparticles on the photophysicochemical properties of asymmetrically substituted Zn phthalocyanines
- Magadla, Aviwe, Oluwole, David O, Britton, Jonathan, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Magadla, Aviwe , Oluwole, David O , Britton, Jonathan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/234539 , vital:50206 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.043"
- Description: In this work, low symmetry Zn mono caffeic acid tri-tert butyl (1) and Zn monocarboxyphenoxy tri-(tert-butylphenoxyl) (2) phthalocyanines (Pcs) were covalently linked to amino (using glutathione, GSH, or 3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, APTES) functionalised nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are represented as: AgNPs-GSH, SiNPs-APTES, Fe3O4-Ag-SiNPs-APTES and Fe3O4-AgNPs-GSH). The photophysical and photochemical behaviour of the complexes 1 and 2 and their conjugates with nanoparticles were investigated in dimethyl sulfoxide. The conjugates of the Pc complexes with the NPs afforded increase in triplet quantum yields with corresponding decrease in fluorescence quantum yield compared to the Pc complexes alone. The conjugates of 1-AgNPs-GSH, 2-SiNPs-APTES and 2-Fe3O4-Ag-SiNPs-APTES showed higher singlet oxygen quantum yield values as compared to the Pc complexes alone.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Magadla, Aviwe , Oluwole, David O , Britton, Jonathan , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/234539 , vital:50206 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.043"
- Description: In this work, low symmetry Zn mono caffeic acid tri-tert butyl (1) and Zn monocarboxyphenoxy tri-(tert-butylphenoxyl) (2) phthalocyanines (Pcs) were covalently linked to amino (using glutathione, GSH, or 3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, APTES) functionalised nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are represented as: AgNPs-GSH, SiNPs-APTES, Fe3O4-Ag-SiNPs-APTES and Fe3O4-AgNPs-GSH). The photophysical and photochemical behaviour of the complexes 1 and 2 and their conjugates with nanoparticles were investigated in dimethyl sulfoxide. The conjugates of the Pc complexes with the NPs afforded increase in triplet quantum yields with corresponding decrease in fluorescence quantum yield compared to the Pc complexes alone. The conjugates of 1-AgNPs-GSH, 2-SiNPs-APTES and 2-Fe3O4-Ag-SiNPs-APTES showed higher singlet oxygen quantum yield values as compared to the Pc complexes alone.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Effects of the carboxylic acid substituents on the photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of asymmetrical Zn (II) phthalocyanines–quantum dots conjugates
- Mgidlana, Sithi, Oluwole, David O, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Mgidlana, Sithi , Oluwole, David O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187662 , vital:44684 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/24701556.2018.1503684"
- Description: This work reports on three asymmetrical Zn(II) phthalocyanines, namely: zinc(II) 3–(4-phenoxy)propanoic acid) phthalocyanine(1), zinc(II) 3–(4-phenoxy carboxylic acid) phthalocyanine (2) and zinc(II) 3–(4–oxy)phenoxy)acetic acid phthalocyanine (3) when covalently linked to glutathione(GSH) capped CdTe/ZnSe and CdTe/ZnSe/ZnO quantum dots (QDs). Of the Pc complexes alone, 1 afforded the highest triplet quantum yield (ΦT) value of 0.67 with corresponding largest nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) value of 14.0 cm/GW compared to 2 and 3. The conjugates afforded improved triplet quantum yield and nonlinear optical behavior in comparison to the Pc complexes alone.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mgidlana, Sithi , Oluwole, David O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187662 , vital:44684 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/24701556.2018.1503684"
- Description: This work reports on three asymmetrical Zn(II) phthalocyanines, namely: zinc(II) 3–(4-phenoxy)propanoic acid) phthalocyanine(1), zinc(II) 3–(4-phenoxy carboxylic acid) phthalocyanine (2) and zinc(II) 3–(4–oxy)phenoxy)acetic acid phthalocyanine (3) when covalently linked to glutathione(GSH) capped CdTe/ZnSe and CdTe/ZnSe/ZnO quantum dots (QDs). Of the Pc complexes alone, 1 afforded the highest triplet quantum yield (ΦT) value of 0.67 with corresponding largest nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) value of 14.0 cm/GW compared to 2 and 3. The conjugates afforded improved triplet quantum yield and nonlinear optical behavior in comparison to the Pc complexes alone.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Evaluation of the photophysicochemical properties and photodynamic therapy activity of nanoconjugates of zinc phthalocyanine linked to glutathione capped Au and Au3Ag1 nanoparticles
- Oluwole, David O, Manoto, Sello L, Malabi, Rudzani, Maphanga, Charles, Ombinda-Lemboumba, Saturnin, Mthunzi-Kufa, Patience, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oluwole, David O , Manoto, Sello L , Malabi, Rudzani , Maphanga, Charles , Ombinda-Lemboumba, Saturnin , Mthunzi-Kufa, Patience , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/237886 , vital:50563 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.11.019"
- Description: We report on the synthesis of glutathione capped gold (AuNPs–GSH) and gold–silver (Au3Ag1NPs–GSH) nanoparticles and their covalent attachment to Zn monocarboxyphenoxy phthalocyanine (1) via amide bond formation. The photophysicochemical properties and photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity of the complex and its nanoconjugates were assessed. The conjugates afforded improved triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yield as well as PDT activity (except for 1-Au3Ag1NPs which afforded decreased activity) in comparison to complex 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Oluwole, David O , Manoto, Sello L , Malabi, Rudzani , Maphanga, Charles , Ombinda-Lemboumba, Saturnin , Mthunzi-Kufa, Patience , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/237886 , vital:50563 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.11.019"
- Description: We report on the synthesis of glutathione capped gold (AuNPs–GSH) and gold–silver (Au3Ag1NPs–GSH) nanoparticles and their covalent attachment to Zn monocarboxyphenoxy phthalocyanine (1) via amide bond formation. The photophysicochemical properties and photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity of the complex and its nanoconjugates were assessed. The conjugates afforded improved triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yield as well as PDT activity (except for 1-Au3Ag1NPs which afforded decreased activity) in comparison to complex 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Glycosylated zinc phthalocyanine-gold nanoparticle conjugates for photodynamic therapy
- Dube, Edith, Oluwole, David O, Nwaji, Njemuwa, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Dube, Edith , Oluwole, David O , Nwaji, Njemuwa , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/234524 , vital:50205 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.081"
- Description: In this work, we report on the synthesis of tris-[(2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-3aH-bis([1,3]dioxolo)[4,5-b:4′,5′-d]pyran-5-yl)methoxy)-2-(4-benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylphenoxyphthalocyaninato] zinc(II) (complex 3) and its linkage to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of different shapes through S-Au/N-Au self-assembly. The conjugates of complex 3 (with both gold nanorods (AuNR) and nanospheres (AuNS)), displayed decreased fluorescence quantum yield with corresponding improved triplet and singlet quantum yields compared to complex 3 alone, however 3-AuNR showed improved properties than 3-AuNS. Complex 3 showed relatively low in vitro dark cytotoxicity against the epithelial breast cancer cells with cell survival ≥ 85% at concentration ≤ 160 μg/mL but afforded reduced photodynamic therapy activity which may be due to aggregation. 3-AuNR afforded superior PDT activity with more than 50% viable cells at concentration ≥ 40 μg/mL in comparison to 3-AuNS with more than 50% viable cells at concentration ≥ 80 μg/mL. The superior activity of 3-AuNR is attributed to the photothermal therapy effect since nanorods absorb more light at 680 nm than nanospheres.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dube, Edith , Oluwole, David O , Nwaji, Njemuwa , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/234524 , vital:50205 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.081"
- Description: In this work, we report on the synthesis of tris-[(2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-3aH-bis([1,3]dioxolo)[4,5-b:4′,5′-d]pyran-5-yl)methoxy)-2-(4-benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylphenoxyphthalocyaninato] zinc(II) (complex 3) and its linkage to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of different shapes through S-Au/N-Au self-assembly. The conjugates of complex 3 (with both gold nanorods (AuNR) and nanospheres (AuNS)), displayed decreased fluorescence quantum yield with corresponding improved triplet and singlet quantum yields compared to complex 3 alone, however 3-AuNR showed improved properties than 3-AuNS. Complex 3 showed relatively low in vitro dark cytotoxicity against the epithelial breast cancer cells with cell survival ≥ 85% at concentration ≤ 160 μg/mL but afforded reduced photodynamic therapy activity which may be due to aggregation. 3-AuNR afforded superior PDT activity with more than 50% viable cells at concentration ≥ 40 μg/mL in comparison to 3-AuNS with more than 50% viable cells at concentration ≥ 80 μg/mL. The superior activity of 3-AuNR is attributed to the photothermal therapy effect since nanorods absorb more light at 680 nm than nanospheres.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Improved Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Thiopheneethoxy Substituted Metallophthalocyanines on Immobilization onto Gold‐speckled Silica Nanoparticles
- Dube, Edith, Oluwole, David O, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Dube, Edith , Oluwole, David O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187699 , vital:44688 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12879"
- Description: This work reports on the synthesis of tetrakis-[(thiophineethoxy) phthalocyaninato] indium(II) chloride (3). The photophysical behavior of complex 3 was compared to that of the Zn derivative (tetrakis-[(thiophineethoxy) phthalocyaninato] zinc(II) (complex 2)). The compounds were interacted with gold-speckled silica (GSS) nanoparticles via Au–S self assembly to afford the conjugates (2–GSS and 3–GSS). The photophysicochemical behavior of the compounds and their conjugates were assessed. The conjugates afforded a decrease in fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes with improved triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields in comparison with complexes 2 and 3 alone. The complexes and their conjugates could serve as good candidates for photodynamic therapy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dube, Edith , Oluwole, David O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187699 , vital:44688 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12879"
- Description: This work reports on the synthesis of tetrakis-[(thiophineethoxy) phthalocyaninato] indium(II) chloride (3). The photophysical behavior of complex 3 was compared to that of the Zn derivative (tetrakis-[(thiophineethoxy) phthalocyaninato] zinc(II) (complex 2)). The compounds were interacted with gold-speckled silica (GSS) nanoparticles via Au–S self assembly to afford the conjugates (2–GSS and 3–GSS). The photophysicochemical behavior of the compounds and their conjugates were assessed. The conjugates afforded a decrease in fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes with improved triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields in comparison with complexes 2 and 3 alone. The complexes and their conjugates could serve as good candidates for photodynamic therapy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Novel nano-dyad of homoleptic sandwich-type phthalocyanines with nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots for nonlinear optics
- Oluwole, David O, Nwaji, Njemuwa, Nene, Lindokuhle C, Mokone, Lesedi, Dube, Edith, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oluwole, David O , Nwaji, Njemuwa , Nene, Lindokuhle C , Mokone, Lesedi , Dube, Edith , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/233386 , vital:50086 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ01707G"
- Description: The syntheses of neodymium(III) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis-(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)phthalocyanine (2), bis europium(III) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis-(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)phthalocyanine (3), bis dysprosium(III) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis-(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)phthalocyanine (4) and their conjugated analogues with nitrogen doped quantum dots (NGQDs) are reported herein. The optical nonlinearity of the sandwich-type phthalocyanine complexes and their conjugates with NGQDs were studied in dimethyl sulfoxide using the open aperture Z-scan technique at an excitation wavelength of 532 nm with a 10 ns pulse. The nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) value of the samples ranges from 15 cm GW−1 to 89.6 cm GW−1. Complex 4 and its conjugates afforded a strong optical limiting behaviour compared to the other samples. These fabricated complexes and their conjugates with NGQDs could serve as a plausible nonlinear optical (NLO) material due to their fascinating NLO properties.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Oluwole, David O , Nwaji, Njemuwa , Nene, Lindokuhle C , Mokone, Lesedi , Dube, Edith , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/233386 , vital:50086 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NJ01707G"
- Description: The syntheses of neodymium(III) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis-(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)phthalocyanine (2), bis europium(III) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis-(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)phthalocyanine (3), bis dysprosium(III) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis-(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)phthalocyanine (4) and their conjugated analogues with nitrogen doped quantum dots (NGQDs) are reported herein. The optical nonlinearity of the sandwich-type phthalocyanine complexes and their conjugates with NGQDs were studied in dimethyl sulfoxide using the open aperture Z-scan technique at an excitation wavelength of 532 nm with a 10 ns pulse. The nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) value of the samples ranges from 15 cm GW−1 to 89.6 cm GW−1. Complex 4 and its conjugates afforded a strong optical limiting behaviour compared to the other samples. These fabricated complexes and their conjugates with NGQDs could serve as a plausible nonlinear optical (NLO) material due to their fascinating NLO properties.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Optical nonlinearity of pentadecylphenoxyl substituted sandwich–type metallophthalocyanines in the presence of Ag–CdSeTe/ZnTeSe nanocrystals: Effects of conjugation and central metals
- Oluwole, David O, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Oluwole, David O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187899 , vital:44708 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.01.009"
- Description: Novel pentadecylphenoxyl substituted homoleptic sandwich–type metallophthalocyanines: bis (complexes 2 and 4 containing Eu and Dy, respectively) and tris (complexes 3 and 5 containing Eu and Dy, respectively) 2,9,16,23–tetrakis–(3–pentadecylphenoxyl) phthalocyanines and cadmium based (Ag–CdSeTe/ZnTeSe) nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized. The nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of the metallophthalocyanines and their composites with NCs were investigated using the open aperture Z–scan technique at excitation wavelength of 532 nm with 10 ns pulse. All of the samples exhibited interesting NLO attributes: among all the sandwich–type complexes, complex 5 afforded the most efficient NLO features accounting for large nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) value of 3500 cm/GW and limiting threshold (Ilim) value of 0.43 J cm−2. Overall, the composites of the triple decker sandwich–type complexes with Ag–CdSeTe/ZnTeSe yielded the best NLO characteristics with 3 and 5 accounting for the largest βeff value of 5500 cm/GW and Ilim value of 0.09 J cm−2. The synthesized complexes and their composites with NCs could be viable and efficient NLO absorber due to their interesting NLO activities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Oluwole, David O , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187899 , vital:44708 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.01.009"
- Description: Novel pentadecylphenoxyl substituted homoleptic sandwich–type metallophthalocyanines: bis (complexes 2 and 4 containing Eu and Dy, respectively) and tris (complexes 3 and 5 containing Eu and Dy, respectively) 2,9,16,23–tetrakis–(3–pentadecylphenoxyl) phthalocyanines and cadmium based (Ag–CdSeTe/ZnTeSe) nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized. The nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of the metallophthalocyanines and their composites with NCs were investigated using the open aperture Z–scan technique at excitation wavelength of 532 nm with 10 ns pulse. All of the samples exhibited interesting NLO attributes: among all the sandwich–type complexes, complex 5 afforded the most efficient NLO features accounting for large nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) value of 3500 cm/GW and limiting threshold (Ilim) value of 0.43 J cm−2. Overall, the composites of the triple decker sandwich–type complexes with Ag–CdSeTe/ZnTeSe yielded the best NLO characteristics with 3 and 5 accounting for the largest βeff value of 5500 cm/GW and Ilim value of 0.09 J cm−2. The synthesized complexes and their composites with NCs could be viable and efficient NLO absorber due to their interesting NLO activities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Optimizing phthalocyanine based dye-sensitized solar cells: The role of reduced graphene oxide
- Chindeka, Francis, Mashazi, Philani N, Britton, Jonathan, Fomo, Gertrude, Oluwole, David O, Sindelo, Azole, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Chindeka, Francis , Mashazi, Philani N , Britton, Jonathan , Fomo, Gertrude , Oluwole, David O , Sindelo, Azole , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187770 , vital:44695 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2018.10.021"
- Description: Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were fabricated by incorporating graphene materials as catalysts at the counter electrode. Platinum was also used as a catalyst for comparison purposes. Different phthalocyanines: hydroxyl indium tetracarboxyphenoxy phthalocyanine (1), chloro indium octacarboxy phthalocyanine (2) and dibenzoic acid silicon phthalocyanine (3) were used as dyes. Complex 3 gave the highest power conversion efficiency (η) of 3.19% when using nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (NrGONS) as a catalyst at the counter electrode, and TiO2 containing rGONS at the anode. The value is close to 3.8% obtained when using Pt catalyst instead of NrGONS at the cathode, thus confirming that NrGONS is a promising candidate to replace the more expensive Pt. The study also shows that placing rGONS on both the anode and cathode improves efficiency.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Chindeka, Francis , Mashazi, Philani N , Britton, Jonathan , Fomo, Gertrude , Oluwole, David O , Sindelo, Azole , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187770 , vital:44695 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2018.10.021"
- Description: Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were fabricated by incorporating graphene materials as catalysts at the counter electrode. Platinum was also used as a catalyst for comparison purposes. Different phthalocyanines: hydroxyl indium tetracarboxyphenoxy phthalocyanine (1), chloro indium octacarboxy phthalocyanine (2) and dibenzoic acid silicon phthalocyanine (3) were used as dyes. Complex 3 gave the highest power conversion efficiency (η) of 3.19% when using nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (NrGONS) as a catalyst at the counter electrode, and TiO2 containing rGONS at the anode. The value is close to 3.8% obtained when using Pt catalyst instead of NrGONS at the cathode, thus confirming that NrGONS is a promising candidate to replace the more expensive Pt. The study also shows that placing rGONS on both the anode and cathode improves efficiency.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Photodynamic therapy activity of zinc phthalocyanine linked to folic acid and magnetic nanoparticles
- Matlou, Gauta G, Oluwole, David O, Prinsloo, Earl, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Matlou, Gauta G , Oluwole, David O , Prinsloo, Earl , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/234429 , vital:50195 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.07.025"
- Description: In this work, the photodynamic therapy (PDT) activities (using human carcinoma adherent MCF-7 cells) of zinc phthalocyanine derivatives: complexes 1 (Zn mono cinnamic acid phthalocyanine) and 2 (zinc mono carboxyphenoxy phthalocyanine) when covalently linked to folic acid (FA) and amine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (AMNPs) are reported. The covalent linkage of asymmetric zinc cinnamic acid Pc (1) to FA (1-FA) through an amide bond is reported for the first time. Complex 1 is insoluble in water, but upon linkage to FA, (to form 1-FA) the molecule become water soluble, hence the UV–Vis spectrum and singlet oxygen quantum yield for 1-FA were also done in water since water solubility is essential for biological applications. The reported 2-FA is also water soluble. Linking complexes 1 and 2 to FA and AMNPs decreased the dark toxicity of 1 and 2 on MCF-7 cells. Pc-FA (1-FA and 2-FA) conjugates had better singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ∆) in DMSO as compared to Pc-AMNPs (1-AMNPs and 2-AMNPs). The water- soluble 1-FA and 2-FA also achieved a better photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity as compared to 1-AMNPs and 2-AMNPs. Folic acid targeting on the tumor cells may have also facilitated better bioavailability of 1-FA and 2-FA and improved PDT activity on MCF-7 cells over AMNPs carriers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Photodynamic therapy activity of zinc phthalocyanine linked to folic acid and magnetic nanoparticles
- Authors: Matlou, Gauta G , Oluwole, David O , Prinsloo, Earl , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/234429 , vital:50195 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.07.025"
- Description: In this work, the photodynamic therapy (PDT) activities (using human carcinoma adherent MCF-7 cells) of zinc phthalocyanine derivatives: complexes 1 (Zn mono cinnamic acid phthalocyanine) and 2 (zinc mono carboxyphenoxy phthalocyanine) when covalently linked to folic acid (FA) and amine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (AMNPs) are reported. The covalent linkage of asymmetric zinc cinnamic acid Pc (1) to FA (1-FA) through an amide bond is reported for the first time. Complex 1 is insoluble in water, but upon linkage to FA, (to form 1-FA) the molecule become water soluble, hence the UV–Vis spectrum and singlet oxygen quantum yield for 1-FA were also done in water since water solubility is essential for biological applications. The reported 2-FA is also water soluble. Linking complexes 1 and 2 to FA and AMNPs decreased the dark toxicity of 1 and 2 on MCF-7 cells. Pc-FA (1-FA and 2-FA) conjugates had better singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ∆) in DMSO as compared to Pc-AMNPs (1-AMNPs and 2-AMNPs). The water- soluble 1-FA and 2-FA also achieved a better photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity as compared to 1-AMNPs and 2-AMNPs. Folic acid targeting on the tumor cells may have also facilitated better bioavailability of 1-FA and 2-FA and improved PDT activity on MCF-7 cells over AMNPs carriers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Photophysicochemical properties and photodynamic therapy activity of highly water-soluble Zn (II) phthalocyanines
- Oluwole, David O, Sari, Fatma Aslihan, Prinsloo, Earl, Dube, Edith, Yuzer, Abdulcelil, Nyokong, Tebello, Ince, Mine
- Authors: Oluwole, David O , Sari, Fatma Aslihan , Prinsloo, Earl , Dube, Edith , Yuzer, Abdulcelil , Nyokong, Tebello , Ince, Mine
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/234507 , vital:50203 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.090"
- Description: The syntheses of two zinc(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) having either imidazole (ZnPc 1) or pyridiloxy (ZnPc 2) moieties as their macrocycle substituents are reported. Quaternization of the ZnPcs with methyl iodide afforded water soluble cationic phthalocyanines. The photophysical, photochemical properties and photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity of the ZnPcs were studied in solution. The fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime of ZnPc 1 were higher as compared to ZnPc 2. ZnPc 2 afforded higher triplet state (ΦT) and singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) in comparison to ZnPc 1. The PDT activity of ZnPcs was investigated against human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF–7). The two compounds afforded a very minimal in vitro dark cytotoxicity with 85% viable cells at concentration ≤80 μM. On irradiation of the cells having the ZnPcs, ≥50% cell death was recorded for ZnPc 1 which was also evidenced by the cells photo–micrograph.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Oluwole, David O , Sari, Fatma Aslihan , Prinsloo, Earl , Dube, Edith , Yuzer, Abdulcelil , Nyokong, Tebello , Ince, Mine
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/234507 , vital:50203 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.090"
- Description: The syntheses of two zinc(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) having either imidazole (ZnPc 1) or pyridiloxy (ZnPc 2) moieties as their macrocycle substituents are reported. Quaternization of the ZnPcs with methyl iodide afforded water soluble cationic phthalocyanines. The photophysical, photochemical properties and photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity of the ZnPcs were studied in solution. The fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime of ZnPc 1 were higher as compared to ZnPc 2. ZnPc 2 afforded higher triplet state (ΦT) and singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) in comparison to ZnPc 1. The PDT activity of ZnPcs was investigated against human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF–7). The two compounds afforded a very minimal in vitro dark cytotoxicity with 85% viable cells at concentration ≤80 μM. On irradiation of the cells having the ZnPcs, ≥50% cell death was recorded for ZnPc 1 which was also evidenced by the cells photo–micrograph.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Postgraduate writing groups as spaces of agency development
- Oluwole, David O, Achadu, A, Asfour, Fouad-Martin, Chakona, Gamuchirai, Mason, Paul, Mataruse, P, McKenna, Sioux
- Authors: Oluwole, David O , Achadu, A , Asfour, Fouad-Martin , Chakona, Gamuchirai , Mason, Paul , Mataruse, P , McKenna, Sioux
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187194 , vital:44578 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.20853/32-6-2963"
- Description: Academic writing is a peculiar phenomenon – it varies greatly from discipline to discipline and its requirements are rarely made overt. Taking on the writing practices of the academy has implications for identity and it is thus unsurprising that it is seen to be a risky endeavour. This article analyses the experiences of postgraduate scholars who have participated in writing groups that meet weekly to read each other’s work and provide supportive critique. Thirty-two people provided detailed, anonymous evaluations of their writing groups and these were studied using a discourse analysis. Three main findings are discussed here. Firstly, writing circles allowed for academic writing development to be engaged with as a social practice, where the disciplinary norms could be made more explicit through peer deliberation, and where they could also be challenged. Secondly, the lack of hierarchical power in the writing groups was key to making safe spaces for agency development, and also for providing positive peer pressure whereby participants were spurred on to work on their writing. Thirdly, the fact that the groups were interdisciplinary, within cognate disciplinary families, provided an interesting challenge in that the students had to consider what these non-specialist readers would or would not understand. This process assisted students in clarifying their writing. Participants’ evaluation of the writing groups revealed an overall sense that these contributed to postgraduate student wellbeing and were places of significant agential development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Oluwole, David O , Achadu, A , Asfour, Fouad-Martin , Chakona, Gamuchirai , Mason, Paul , Mataruse, P , McKenna, Sioux
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187194 , vital:44578 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.20853/32-6-2963"
- Description: Academic writing is a peculiar phenomenon – it varies greatly from discipline to discipline and its requirements are rarely made overt. Taking on the writing practices of the academy has implications for identity and it is thus unsurprising that it is seen to be a risky endeavour. This article analyses the experiences of postgraduate scholars who have participated in writing groups that meet weekly to read each other’s work and provide supportive critique. Thirty-two people provided detailed, anonymous evaluations of their writing groups and these were studied using a discourse analysis. Three main findings are discussed here. Firstly, writing circles allowed for academic writing development to be engaged with as a social practice, where the disciplinary norms could be made more explicit through peer deliberation, and where they could also be challenged. Secondly, the lack of hierarchical power in the writing groups was key to making safe spaces for agency development, and also for providing positive peer pressure whereby participants were spurred on to work on their writing. Thirdly, the fact that the groups were interdisciplinary, within cognate disciplinary families, provided an interesting challenge in that the students had to consider what these non-specialist readers would or would not understand. This process assisted students in clarifying their writing. Participants’ evaluation of the writing groups revealed an overall sense that these contributed to postgraduate student wellbeing and were places of significant agential development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The investigation of in vitro dark cytotoxicity and photodynamic therapy effect of a 2, 6-dibromo-3, 5-distyryl BODIPY dye encapsulated in Pluronic® F-127 micelles
- Molupe, Nthabeleng, Babu, Balaji, Oluwole, David O, Prinsloo, Earl, Mack, John, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Molupe, Nthabeleng , Babu, Balaji , Oluwole, David O , Prinsloo, Earl , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187862 , vital:44704 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2018.1522536"
- Description: A 2,6-dibrominated 3,5-distyryl boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye with a moderately high singlet oxygen quantum yield was encapsulated in Pluronic® F-127 micelles, and its dark cytotoxicity and photodynamic activity were investigated on the human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell line. The BODIPY dye exhibited very low dark toxicity and a significant PDT effect when added in drug formulations consisting of 5.0% (v/v) DMSO in supplemented Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and as Pluronic® F-127 micelle encapsulation complexes in supplemented DMEM alone. An IC50 value of 4 ± 2 μM was obtained when the BODIPY dye was encapsulated in Pluronic® F-127 micelles during in vitro photodynamic activity studies in MCF-7 cancer cells with a 660 nm light emitting diode.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Molupe, Nthabeleng , Babu, Balaji , Oluwole, David O , Prinsloo, Earl , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/187862 , vital:44704 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2018.1522536"
- Description: A 2,6-dibrominated 3,5-distyryl boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye with a moderately high singlet oxygen quantum yield was encapsulated in Pluronic® F-127 micelles, and its dark cytotoxicity and photodynamic activity were investigated on the human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell line. The BODIPY dye exhibited very low dark toxicity and a significant PDT effect when added in drug formulations consisting of 5.0% (v/v) DMSO in supplemented Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and as Pluronic® F-127 micelle encapsulation complexes in supplemented DMEM alone. An IC50 value of 4 ± 2 μM was obtained when the BODIPY dye was encapsulated in Pluronic® F-127 micelles during in vitro photodynamic activity studies in MCF-7 cancer cells with a 660 nm light emitting diode.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
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