The role of the marriage counsellor in a Xhosa community: an exploratory-descriptive study
- Authors: Phorie, Constancia Lineo
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Marriage counselling -- South Africa Xhosa (African people) -- Marriage customs and rites Marriage customs Family
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:686 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002011
- Description: The focus of this study is on the role the marriage counsellor should play in the Black community. This role is being placed in sharp perspective as a result of social change affecting the Black family. Problem-solving, including marriage counselling has traditionally been done by the extended family. This role of the family as a natural support system has been weakened by factors such as urbanization and Westernisation. This has prompted Black couples experiencing in particular marriage problems to make use of professional marriage counselling services from specialised and other welfare agencies. A major problem in the rendering of professional counselling services is that they are to a great extent based on Western civilization as far as basic philosophy and underlying assumptions are concerned. Thus intervention modalities used for marital problems in the Black community do not address the real needs of the people. The main objective of this study was to investigate how marriage counselling services are perceived in the Black community. It is expected that research findings would assist the helping professions make the necessary adjustments to make marriage counselling approaches more relevant to problems experienced in married life in the Black community. The study revealed that the family in the Black community is still regarded as the main problem-solver although people do go beyond the family for assistance. The nuclear family has also started to emerge in the Black community and bonds to the bigger family systems are beginning to loosen. The research findings indicated clearly that there is a need for professional marriage counselling and that services of this nature should be extended further into the Black community. A problem in this regard however is that the community will have to be educated to use these services
- Full Text:
- Authors: Phorie, Constancia Lineo
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Marriage counselling -- South Africa Xhosa (African people) -- Marriage customs and rites Marriage customs Family
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:686 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002011
- Description: The focus of this study is on the role the marriage counsellor should play in the Black community. This role is being placed in sharp perspective as a result of social change affecting the Black family. Problem-solving, including marriage counselling has traditionally been done by the extended family. This role of the family as a natural support system has been weakened by factors such as urbanization and Westernisation. This has prompted Black couples experiencing in particular marriage problems to make use of professional marriage counselling services from specialised and other welfare agencies. A major problem in the rendering of professional counselling services is that they are to a great extent based on Western civilization as far as basic philosophy and underlying assumptions are concerned. Thus intervention modalities used for marital problems in the Black community do not address the real needs of the people. The main objective of this study was to investigate how marriage counselling services are perceived in the Black community. It is expected that research findings would assist the helping professions make the necessary adjustments to make marriage counselling approaches more relevant to problems experienced in married life in the Black community. The study revealed that the family in the Black community is still regarded as the main problem-solver although people do go beyond the family for assistance. The nuclear family has also started to emerge in the Black community and bonds to the bigger family systems are beginning to loosen. The research findings indicated clearly that there is a need for professional marriage counselling and that services of this nature should be extended further into the Black community. A problem in this regard however is that the community will have to be educated to use these services
- Full Text:
The silent patient: a consideration of Gendlin's recommendations in the treatment of a silent adolescent
- Authors: Le Roux, J D
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193054 , vital:45294
- Description: This study comprises a dialogue between Gendlin's recommendations on the treatment of the silent patient and case-material taken from 39 sessions of psychodynamic psychotherapy with a 16 year old adolescent. The most characteristic feature of the therapy with this young person, was her pattern of silence and unresponsiveness. The aim of this study is to ascertain the usefulness of Gendlin's recommendations in the therapy of this category of patient. The dialogue between the suggested recommendations and the case- material served to illustrate the point that Gendlin's recommendations are of great value in the treatment of the silent adolescent. The value of these recommendations lie in their ability to comment meaningfully on the process of therapy with the silent patient by providing not only skills and techniques, but also a conceptual framework within which to contextualize the therapy. The recommendations were also found to be sensitive to some of the key issues of relevance to adolescence as a developmental phase. The case-study method was deemed an appropriate structure within which to conduct this examination. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 1990
- Full Text:
- Authors: Le Roux, J D
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193054 , vital:45294
- Description: This study comprises a dialogue between Gendlin's recommendations on the treatment of the silent patient and case-material taken from 39 sessions of psychodynamic psychotherapy with a 16 year old adolescent. The most characteristic feature of the therapy with this young person, was her pattern of silence and unresponsiveness. The aim of this study is to ascertain the usefulness of Gendlin's recommendations in the therapy of this category of patient. The dialogue between the suggested recommendations and the case- material served to illustrate the point that Gendlin's recommendations are of great value in the treatment of the silent adolescent. The value of these recommendations lie in their ability to comment meaningfully on the process of therapy with the silent patient by providing not only skills and techniques, but also a conceptual framework within which to contextualize the therapy. The recommendations were also found to be sensitive to some of the key issues of relevance to adolescence as a developmental phase. The case-study method was deemed an appropriate structure within which to conduct this examination. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 1990
- Full Text:
The South African sugar industry
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 1990
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6695 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006730
- Description: The sugar industry was established in Natal in the mid-nineteenth century. By the 1980s, South Africa produced c. 2 million metric tons of sugar per annum and, directly or indirectly, the industry supported almost one million people. Exports, which amounted for almost half the sugar produced in the 1970s, declined during the 1980s and low prices together with American and Canadian sanctions have forced the industry to consider alternative uses for sugar cane.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 1990
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6695 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006730
- Description: The sugar industry was established in Natal in the mid-nineteenth century. By the 1980s, South Africa produced c. 2 million metric tons of sugar per annum and, directly or indirectly, the industry supported almost one million people. Exports, which amounted for almost half the sugar produced in the 1970s, declined during the 1980s and low prices together with American and Canadian sanctions have forced the industry to consider alternative uses for sugar cane.
- Full Text: false
The Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) : part of a whole or a cover?
- Authors: Lubbe, Ingrid Lisa
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Southern African Development Coordination Conference
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2753 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002000
- Description: The object of this analysis of the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) was to examine the interaction between the states which comprise the organisation in terms of regional and international factors which either facilitated or constrained the pursuit of the organisation's economic goals. To this end a theoretical orientation which would place the organisation in context of regional and international political and economic interaction was necessary. International regime theory was used to place the organisation in an international context, and at the same time provided a theoretical dimension which could be used to analyse empirical evidence on the SADCC organisation's functioning. The application of regime theory clearly highlighted the fact that SADCC's economic goals are constrained by the degree to which all of the SADCC states are integrated on the economic level with western market economy and furthermore , by the fact that these links are reinforced for seven of the nine SADCC states by their economic dependence on South Africa. The above conclusion showed that in terms of the perpetuation of the SADCC organisation as an economic regime, according to the regime theory outlined in Chapter One, the goals of SADCC did not create a firm basis for economic cooperation in the long term. The future of the SADCC organisation in it's present form will depend on how long the racial policies of South Africa continue, for the analysis makes clear that the organisation has much more political than economic coherency. The use of a regime framework showed that in terms of the SADCC states individual economic positions, the historical and structural links between South Africa, the majority of the SADCC states and the West will continue indefinitely due to the strength of the structural economic links between the Southern African region and the western market economy. Thus the analysis proves, within the parameters of international regime theory, the lack of economic coherency within the SADCC organisation's goals, and the strength of the economic ties between the Southern African region and the West.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Lubbe, Ingrid Lisa
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Southern African Development Coordination Conference
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2753 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002000
- Description: The object of this analysis of the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) was to examine the interaction between the states which comprise the organisation in terms of regional and international factors which either facilitated or constrained the pursuit of the organisation's economic goals. To this end a theoretical orientation which would place the organisation in context of regional and international political and economic interaction was necessary. International regime theory was used to place the organisation in an international context, and at the same time provided a theoretical dimension which could be used to analyse empirical evidence on the SADCC organisation's functioning. The application of regime theory clearly highlighted the fact that SADCC's economic goals are constrained by the degree to which all of the SADCC states are integrated on the economic level with western market economy and furthermore , by the fact that these links are reinforced for seven of the nine SADCC states by their economic dependence on South Africa. The above conclusion showed that in terms of the perpetuation of the SADCC organisation as an economic regime, according to the regime theory outlined in Chapter One, the goals of SADCC did not create a firm basis for economic cooperation in the long term. The future of the SADCC organisation in it's present form will depend on how long the racial policies of South Africa continue, for the analysis makes clear that the organisation has much more political than economic coherency. The use of a regime framework showed that in terms of the SADCC states individual economic positions, the historical and structural links between South Africa, the majority of the SADCC states and the West will continue indefinitely due to the strength of the structural economic links between the Southern African region and the western market economy. Thus the analysis proves, within the parameters of international regime theory, the lack of economic coherency within the SADCC organisation's goals, and the strength of the economic ties between the Southern African region and the West.
- Full Text:
The spiral curriculum, integrated teaching and structured learning of mathematics at the secondary level
- Authors: Alummoottil, Joseph Michael
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa Learning -- Mathematical models -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1769 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003654
- Description: The investigator's experience of teaching mathematics at a college of education since 1983 has reinforced his conviction that trainee students come to college with significant gaps, weaknesses and faults in their (mathematical) conceptual structures, probably as a result of shortcomings in the mathematics teaching to which they have been exposed. The theme of this investigation is thus a natural choice that appeared to be of immediate relevance to secondary school mathematics teaching. The analysis of the issue leads to a unified perspective: the problem is placed in a theoretical framework where Bruner [spiral curriculum], Ausubel [structured learning] and Skemp [relational understanding] are brought together. How the curriculum, textbooks and examination influence school mathematics teaching is examined in some depth and the consequences investigated. Two specific topics, viz. the generalised Pythagorean relation and absolute value are investigated in relation to published work, curriculum and textbooks, and each (topic) is presented as a unifying theme in secondary mathematics to standard 9 pupils. The classroom exercise is assessed to test the hypothesis that structured, integrated presentation around a spiral curriculum promotes "relational understanding". Analysis of results supports the hypothesis.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Alummoottil, Joseph Michael
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa Learning -- Mathematical models -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1769 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003654
- Description: The investigator's experience of teaching mathematics at a college of education since 1983 has reinforced his conviction that trainee students come to college with significant gaps, weaknesses and faults in their (mathematical) conceptual structures, probably as a result of shortcomings in the mathematics teaching to which they have been exposed. The theme of this investigation is thus a natural choice that appeared to be of immediate relevance to secondary school mathematics teaching. The analysis of the issue leads to a unified perspective: the problem is placed in a theoretical framework where Bruner [spiral curriculum], Ausubel [structured learning] and Skemp [relational understanding] are brought together. How the curriculum, textbooks and examination influence school mathematics teaching is examined in some depth and the consequences investigated. Two specific topics, viz. the generalised Pythagorean relation and absolute value are investigated in relation to published work, curriculum and textbooks, and each (topic) is presented as a unifying theme in secondary mathematics to standard 9 pupils. The classroom exercise is assessed to test the hypothesis that structured, integrated presentation around a spiral curriculum promotes "relational understanding". Analysis of results supports the hypothesis.
- Full Text:
The stock identification of the Cape horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus capensis (Pisces: Carangidae)
- Authors: Naish, Kerry-Ann
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Carangidae -- Identification , Trachurus trachurus -- Identification , Carangidae -- South Africa , Trachurus trachurus -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5320 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005165 , Carangidae -- Identification , Trachurus trachurus -- Identification , Carangidae -- South Africa , Trachurus trachurus -- South Africa
- Description: Three stocks of the Cape horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus capensis, have been recognised in the ICSEAF convention region off southern Africa (Figure 1) on the basis of catch distribution and biological analyses. They were identified as being off Namibia (ICSEAF Divisions 1 . 3 and 1.4), off the West Coast of South Africa (Div. 1.6) and off the South Coast (Div. 2.1 and 2.2). Recently, speculation as to the accuracy of the classification of the South African populations has arisen. The aim of this study was to determine the number of stocks In Divisions 1.6, 2.1 and 2.2, using methodology which assessed the spatial and temporal nature and the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the species. The distribution of horse mackerel was evaluated by studying the trends in catch data and length frequency distributions obtained from the demersal industry during 1986 to 1988 and from the demersal biomass cruises in 1987 and 1988. Adult fish, found in Div. 2.1 and 2.2, probably migrated; during the months in which horse mackerel were expected to spawn, CPUE values were higher over the central Agulhas Bank than in the east of the study region. During the quiescent period, catches and numbers were higher in the latter region. Juvenile horse mackerel were found in the nursery areas utilised by pelagic fish and it is likely that they were transported northward from the Agulhas Bank. A decrease in biomass of individuals in Div. 1.5 indicated a separation between a northern and a southern population. Analyses of the phenotype, or epigenetic characters, of horse mackerel were used as a further test of stock integrity. Monthly samples were drawn from Div. 1.6, 2.1 and 2.2 during May 1988 to June, 1989. Comparisons for the values obtained from growth, length-at-50%-maturity and the season of otolith ring formation from each region showed no significant variation in the phenotype. Morphometric analysis proved inconclusive. Monthly gonadosomatic indices show that fish south of the Orange River share the same spawning season. Reports from the literature show that horse mackerel in the latter region differ from those of northern Namibia in spawning season, age-at-50%-maturity and season of otolith ring formation. The genetic structure of the populations of horse mackerel was evaluated by means of a restriction enzyme analysis of the Mitochondrial DNA of 37 fish collected from Divisions 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1 and 2.2. Two composite genotypes of horse mackerel were found; one belonging to fish in Div. 1.4 and one to fish in Div. 1.6, 2.1 and 2.2. The genetic distance between the two genotypes, 0.07, was the expected distance between two populations at a subspecies level. Fish in Div. 1.5 consisted of both genotypes and may be a region of mixing between the two populations. The interpretation of results was cautioned; prevlous work has shown that the migration of a small number of individuals between two stocks can be expected to maintain a low variation between the populations. In concluding, it was recommended that the horse mackerel be managed as two stocks, one in Div. 1.3 and 1.4 and one in Div. 1.6, 2.1 and 2.2
- Full Text:
- Authors: Naish, Kerry-Ann
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Carangidae -- Identification , Trachurus trachurus -- Identification , Carangidae -- South Africa , Trachurus trachurus -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5320 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005165 , Carangidae -- Identification , Trachurus trachurus -- Identification , Carangidae -- South Africa , Trachurus trachurus -- South Africa
- Description: Three stocks of the Cape horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus capensis, have been recognised in the ICSEAF convention region off southern Africa (Figure 1) on the basis of catch distribution and biological analyses. They were identified as being off Namibia (ICSEAF Divisions 1 . 3 and 1.4), off the West Coast of South Africa (Div. 1.6) and off the South Coast (Div. 2.1 and 2.2). Recently, speculation as to the accuracy of the classification of the South African populations has arisen. The aim of this study was to determine the number of stocks In Divisions 1.6, 2.1 and 2.2, using methodology which assessed the spatial and temporal nature and the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the species. The distribution of horse mackerel was evaluated by studying the trends in catch data and length frequency distributions obtained from the demersal industry during 1986 to 1988 and from the demersal biomass cruises in 1987 and 1988. Adult fish, found in Div. 2.1 and 2.2, probably migrated; during the months in which horse mackerel were expected to spawn, CPUE values were higher over the central Agulhas Bank than in the east of the study region. During the quiescent period, catches and numbers were higher in the latter region. Juvenile horse mackerel were found in the nursery areas utilised by pelagic fish and it is likely that they were transported northward from the Agulhas Bank. A decrease in biomass of individuals in Div. 1.5 indicated a separation between a northern and a southern population. Analyses of the phenotype, or epigenetic characters, of horse mackerel were used as a further test of stock integrity. Monthly samples were drawn from Div. 1.6, 2.1 and 2.2 during May 1988 to June, 1989. Comparisons for the values obtained from growth, length-at-50%-maturity and the season of otolith ring formation from each region showed no significant variation in the phenotype. Morphometric analysis proved inconclusive. Monthly gonadosomatic indices show that fish south of the Orange River share the same spawning season. Reports from the literature show that horse mackerel in the latter region differ from those of northern Namibia in spawning season, age-at-50%-maturity and season of otolith ring formation. The genetic structure of the populations of horse mackerel was evaluated by means of a restriction enzyme analysis of the Mitochondrial DNA of 37 fish collected from Divisions 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1 and 2.2. Two composite genotypes of horse mackerel were found; one belonging to fish in Div. 1.4 and one to fish in Div. 1.6, 2.1 and 2.2. The genetic distance between the two genotypes, 0.07, was the expected distance between two populations at a subspecies level. Fish in Div. 1.5 consisted of both genotypes and may be a region of mixing between the two populations. The interpretation of results was cautioned; prevlous work has shown that the migration of a small number of individuals between two stocks can be expected to maintain a low variation between the populations. In concluding, it was recommended that the horse mackerel be managed as two stocks, one in Div. 1.3 and 1.4 and one in Div. 1.6, 2.1 and 2.2
- Full Text:
The taxonomy and life history of the blue stingray, Dasyatis marmorata capensis (Batoidea : Dasyatidae) from Southern Africa
- Cowley, Paul D (Paul Denfer), 1964-
- Authors: Cowley, Paul D (Paul Denfer), 1964-
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Stingrays -- Africa, Southern Dasyatidae
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5183 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001959
- Description: The blue stingray, Dasyatis marmorata capensis is an important recreational shore angling species, especially amongst tournament anglers, in South Africa. The taxonomy and aspects of the biology of this species were investigated from specimens collected between March 1987 and May 1989, from various localities along the southern African coastline. Morphological comparisons were made between Dasyatis pastinaca, Dasyatis marmorata and the local variety. The results indicated that the local variety is different to D. pastinaca in colouration, disc length size, and vertebral and radial counts. The proposed new sub-species Dasyatis marmorata capensis is closest to Dasyatis marmorata of the north-eastern Atlantic coast, but differs in snout angle, disc length and snout to vent length. Analysis of catch per unit of effort data revealed that the blue stingray exhibits distinct seasonality. Adult and sub-adult fish undertake an annual onshore/offshore migration and invade the inshore region between spring and summer, while juveniles remain offshore and utilize this zone as a nursery area. Length-at-age and growth rates for both sexes were estimated from bands formed seasonally in the vertebral centra. The derived von Bertalanffy growth parameters indicated that females reach a greater asymptotic size (913.8 mm DW) and have a slower growth rate (K = -0.07) than males (531.8 mm DW, K = -0.17). Growth rates of juvenile captive specimens compared favourably with back calculated values, at approximately 65 mm/year, for the first year of growth. Dasyatis marmorata capensis is an aplacental viviparous elasmobranch with a well defined annual breeding cycle. Young are released , at a size of 170-200 mm DW, from October to December after a gestation period of approximately nine months. An average fecundity of 3.07 was calculated . Examination of gonadal development indicated that sexual maturity is first attained at a size of 408 and 500 mm DW in males and females, respectively, corresponding to ages 4.5 and 7 years. Size-related food habits were determined independently from three depth zones. The major prey items for each size class were directly related to the abundance of the infauna of the different depth zones. Polychaeta, amphipoda and stomatopoda were the major prey items in the offshore zone. In the nearshore zone, the dominant prey species were Balanoglossus capensis and Callianassa spp .. The high incidence of empty stomachs and the presence of prey items which occur in greatest abundance beyond the surf zone indicated that this zone is not utilized for the purposes of feeding.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Cowley, Paul D (Paul Denfer), 1964-
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Stingrays -- Africa, Southern Dasyatidae
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5183 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001959
- Description: The blue stingray, Dasyatis marmorata capensis is an important recreational shore angling species, especially amongst tournament anglers, in South Africa. The taxonomy and aspects of the biology of this species were investigated from specimens collected between March 1987 and May 1989, from various localities along the southern African coastline. Morphological comparisons were made between Dasyatis pastinaca, Dasyatis marmorata and the local variety. The results indicated that the local variety is different to D. pastinaca in colouration, disc length size, and vertebral and radial counts. The proposed new sub-species Dasyatis marmorata capensis is closest to Dasyatis marmorata of the north-eastern Atlantic coast, but differs in snout angle, disc length and snout to vent length. Analysis of catch per unit of effort data revealed that the blue stingray exhibits distinct seasonality. Adult and sub-adult fish undertake an annual onshore/offshore migration and invade the inshore region between spring and summer, while juveniles remain offshore and utilize this zone as a nursery area. Length-at-age and growth rates for both sexes were estimated from bands formed seasonally in the vertebral centra. The derived von Bertalanffy growth parameters indicated that females reach a greater asymptotic size (913.8 mm DW) and have a slower growth rate (K = -0.07) than males (531.8 mm DW, K = -0.17). Growth rates of juvenile captive specimens compared favourably with back calculated values, at approximately 65 mm/year, for the first year of growth. Dasyatis marmorata capensis is an aplacental viviparous elasmobranch with a well defined annual breeding cycle. Young are released , at a size of 170-200 mm DW, from October to December after a gestation period of approximately nine months. An average fecundity of 3.07 was calculated . Examination of gonadal development indicated that sexual maturity is first attained at a size of 408 and 500 mm DW in males and females, respectively, corresponding to ages 4.5 and 7 years. Size-related food habits were determined independently from three depth zones. The major prey items for each size class were directly related to the abundance of the infauna of the different depth zones. Polychaeta, amphipoda and stomatopoda were the major prey items in the offshore zone. In the nearshore zone, the dominant prey species were Balanoglossus capensis and Callianassa spp .. The high incidence of empty stomachs and the presence of prey items which occur in greatest abundance beyond the surf zone indicated that this zone is not utilized for the purposes of feeding.
- Full Text:
The taxonomy, biogeography and biology of cow and frilled sharks (Chondrichthyes : Hexanchiformes)
- Authors: Ebert, David A
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Chondrichthyes Hexanchiformes Sharks
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5186 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001962
- Description: This study was undertaken to investigate the taxonomy, biogeography and biology of cow and frilled sharks (Chondrichthyes: Hexanchiformes). This taxon comprises two families, four genera and six extant species. The hexanchoids are a distinctive group of sharks characterized by six or seven paired gill openings, a single dorsal fin and an anal fin. Adult males of this group lack a siphon sac, but have in its place a clasper sac. This structure, which develops along the claspers, is unique to the Hexanchiformes. Hexanchoid sharks are widely distributed in area and depth. This group ranges from coastal bays and harbors along the open coast out across the continental shelf and down along the slopes to considerable depths. They occur from the equatorial zone to sub-polar regions. However, little is known about the ecology and life history of these sharks. Intraspecific variation of meristic counts were generally low for the Hexanchidae, but high for the Chlamydoselachidae, indicating that subpopulations, subspecies or even additional, new species exist within this family. Based on the indicators used in this study, maturity in male frilled sharks was attained at 916 mm TL, perlon sharks between 700 and 800 mm TL, sixgill sharks approximately 3140 mm TL, bigeyed sixgill sharks at about 1250 mm TL and sevengill sharks at approximately 1550 mm TL. Male reproductive success did not appear to be seasonal since males were found to contain viable sperm all year round. Female perlon sharks begin maturing between 950 mm and 1100 mm TL. Gravid females and newborns were absent from the other size classes and it is suspected that they aggregate in different locations to those of adult males and non-breeding females. Adult females are known at 4210 mm TL and immature at 3500 mm TL, However, a more accurate estimate of the size at maturity is wanting. Newborn sixgills were caught off southern Namibia during mid to late summer over three successive seasons. The occurrence of gravid females carrying term embryos during spring months and newborns during the summer months suggests a late spring or summer pupping period. Sixgill and sevengill sharks give birth in areas of high primary productivity. Energetically, this is advantageous for the newborns to be placed in an area with an abundant food source. The rapid growth rates of sixgill and sevengill sharks over the first year would enhance their survivorship since neither species has many predators. The number of female sevengills entering the breeding population is regulated to ensure that some portion of the population is reproductively active at any one time. The "staggering" of females which enter into the breeding population in any given year indicates a two year reproductive cycle. Fecundity estimates for 19 specimens with a largest egg diameter of at least 40 mm indicates a litter size of 67 to 104. The recapture of an adult female sevengill in approximately the same location in which it was tagged suggests that the same individual sharks may return to the same breeding grounds. As with any predators, sharks tend to exploit advantages over their prey. The hexanchoids, especially the sevengill, have evolved complex foraging strategies including social facilitation whereby they actively hunt in packs for large prey species. Sharks of the order Hexanchiformes, although lacking the diversity of the major shark orders, nonetheless play an integral role in the marine environment. The group's success can be attributed to their apical trophic position. In most habitats in which they occur, hexanchoids have no comparable competitors since equivalent sized sympatric squaloids and carcharhinoids feed at a lower trophic level.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ebert, David A
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Chondrichthyes Hexanchiformes Sharks
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5186 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001962
- Description: This study was undertaken to investigate the taxonomy, biogeography and biology of cow and frilled sharks (Chondrichthyes: Hexanchiformes). This taxon comprises two families, four genera and six extant species. The hexanchoids are a distinctive group of sharks characterized by six or seven paired gill openings, a single dorsal fin and an anal fin. Adult males of this group lack a siphon sac, but have in its place a clasper sac. This structure, which develops along the claspers, is unique to the Hexanchiformes. Hexanchoid sharks are widely distributed in area and depth. This group ranges from coastal bays and harbors along the open coast out across the continental shelf and down along the slopes to considerable depths. They occur from the equatorial zone to sub-polar regions. However, little is known about the ecology and life history of these sharks. Intraspecific variation of meristic counts were generally low for the Hexanchidae, but high for the Chlamydoselachidae, indicating that subpopulations, subspecies or even additional, new species exist within this family. Based on the indicators used in this study, maturity in male frilled sharks was attained at 916 mm TL, perlon sharks between 700 and 800 mm TL, sixgill sharks approximately 3140 mm TL, bigeyed sixgill sharks at about 1250 mm TL and sevengill sharks at approximately 1550 mm TL. Male reproductive success did not appear to be seasonal since males were found to contain viable sperm all year round. Female perlon sharks begin maturing between 950 mm and 1100 mm TL. Gravid females and newborns were absent from the other size classes and it is suspected that they aggregate in different locations to those of adult males and non-breeding females. Adult females are known at 4210 mm TL and immature at 3500 mm TL, However, a more accurate estimate of the size at maturity is wanting. Newborn sixgills were caught off southern Namibia during mid to late summer over three successive seasons. The occurrence of gravid females carrying term embryos during spring months and newborns during the summer months suggests a late spring or summer pupping period. Sixgill and sevengill sharks give birth in areas of high primary productivity. Energetically, this is advantageous for the newborns to be placed in an area with an abundant food source. The rapid growth rates of sixgill and sevengill sharks over the first year would enhance their survivorship since neither species has many predators. The number of female sevengills entering the breeding population is regulated to ensure that some portion of the population is reproductively active at any one time. The "staggering" of females which enter into the breeding population in any given year indicates a two year reproductive cycle. Fecundity estimates for 19 specimens with a largest egg diameter of at least 40 mm indicates a litter size of 67 to 104. The recapture of an adult female sevengill in approximately the same location in which it was tagged suggests that the same individual sharks may return to the same breeding grounds. As with any predators, sharks tend to exploit advantages over their prey. The hexanchoids, especially the sevengill, have evolved complex foraging strategies including social facilitation whereby they actively hunt in packs for large prey species. Sharks of the order Hexanchiformes, although lacking the diversity of the major shark orders, nonetheless play an integral role in the marine environment. The group's success can be attributed to their apical trophic position. In most habitats in which they occur, hexanchoids have no comparable competitors since equivalent sized sympatric squaloids and carcharhinoids feed at a lower trophic level.
- Full Text:
The uses of transactional analysis in theatre practice : inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University
- Authors: James, Sydney
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Transactional analysis , Theater -- Production and direction , Theater -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:642 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020711 , ISBN 0868102067
- Description: Inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Authors: James, Sydney
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Transactional analysis , Theater -- Production and direction , Theater -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:642 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020711 , ISBN 0868102067
- Description: Inaugural lecture delivered at Rhodes University , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
Towards a spirituality for authentic liberation in South Africa
- Authors: Pretorius, Jacques Gerhard
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Church of the Province of Southern Africa , Liberation theology -- South Africa , Latin American -- Church history -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTh
- Identifier: vital:1214 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001543
- Description: A spirituality which facilitates authentic liberation is one which intuits the evolutive nature of human development. Justice and compassion are biblical descriptions of a liberation effected by the Holy Spirit in and through persons. The development of persons towards being able to embrace such qualities is set within three interconnected paradigms: a theological paradigm, a psychological paradigm, and a socio-historical paradigm. The theological paradigm sees the creative process as continuing an evolutive movement towards the wholeness of persons, society and the cosmos. Within this, persons are defined as created co-creators with God, and are given the responsibility of participating in the process which will achieve this goal. This paradigm is reflected in the works of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin concerning the evolution of consciousness within each material form, towards union in God. The psychological paradigm suggests that the evolution of consciousness within persons gives rise to the probability of the emergence of levels of consciousness capable of initiating and sustaining the manifestation of justice and compassion. In this evolutive process a boundary is perceived by persons between the ego-body as 'self' and the environment as 'not-self'. This boundary prohibits the emergence of the qualities of justice and compassion in human consciousness. The developmental process is constituted by the integration of the 'not-self' into the 'self' at each stage, facilitating the emergence of a consciousness which takes responsibility for the environment as 'self'. The socio-historical paradigm is defined by the perspectives on the world held by the poor. The spirituality emerging from within this paradigm is initiated through encounter with Jesus. It is concretized in a preferential option for the empowerment of the poor, which facilitates and sustains the integration of 'self' and the environment. An examination of the Latin American base Christian communities shows the characteristics of Church life and structure which facilitate the Church becoming the locus of development towards authentic personal and social liberation. The structure of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa is evaluated in this light, in order to encourage clergy and laity to rise towards their full personhood in God.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Pretorius, Jacques Gerhard
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Church of the Province of Southern Africa , Liberation theology -- South Africa , Latin American -- Church history -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTh
- Identifier: vital:1214 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001543
- Description: A spirituality which facilitates authentic liberation is one which intuits the evolutive nature of human development. Justice and compassion are biblical descriptions of a liberation effected by the Holy Spirit in and through persons. The development of persons towards being able to embrace such qualities is set within three interconnected paradigms: a theological paradigm, a psychological paradigm, and a socio-historical paradigm. The theological paradigm sees the creative process as continuing an evolutive movement towards the wholeness of persons, society and the cosmos. Within this, persons are defined as created co-creators with God, and are given the responsibility of participating in the process which will achieve this goal. This paradigm is reflected in the works of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin concerning the evolution of consciousness within each material form, towards union in God. The psychological paradigm suggests that the evolution of consciousness within persons gives rise to the probability of the emergence of levels of consciousness capable of initiating and sustaining the manifestation of justice and compassion. In this evolutive process a boundary is perceived by persons between the ego-body as 'self' and the environment as 'not-self'. This boundary prohibits the emergence of the qualities of justice and compassion in human consciousness. The developmental process is constituted by the integration of the 'not-self' into the 'self' at each stage, facilitating the emergence of a consciousness which takes responsibility for the environment as 'self'. The socio-historical paradigm is defined by the perspectives on the world held by the poor. The spirituality emerging from within this paradigm is initiated through encounter with Jesus. It is concretized in a preferential option for the empowerment of the poor, which facilitates and sustains the integration of 'self' and the environment. An examination of the Latin American base Christian communities shows the characteristics of Church life and structure which facilitate the Church becoming the locus of development towards authentic personal and social liberation. The structure of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa is evaluated in this light, in order to encourage clergy and laity to rise towards their full personhood in God.
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Tribute to the late Davadoss
- EIMWU
- Authors: EIMWU
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Engineering Industrial and Mining Workers Union (EIMWU)
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/162344 , vital:40921
- Description: To my knowledge the author of this adage was Brother Davadoss. Better known to many, far and wide, as “DAVVY”. Lesley Davadoss was one of nine children of a working class family. Grew up and spent his formative years in Bokmakierie, Athlone. Devout in his Catholic upbringing, later to be ordained as a Deacon at St. Mary of the Angels. Lesley was a very sincere person who concerned himself with the needs of the Community, which naturally resulted in his involvement at the Company where he worked with the problems of his workmates. Along with other like thinking persons, he formed the E.I.W.U. in the Cape, holding meetings at his home in Kayter Road Crawford. The Branch in Durban, along with the Cape Town Branch formed E.I.W.U.S.A.
- Full Text:
- Authors: EIMWU
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Engineering Industrial and Mining Workers Union (EIMWU)
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/162344 , vital:40921
- Description: To my knowledge the author of this adage was Brother Davadoss. Better known to many, far and wide, as “DAVVY”. Lesley Davadoss was one of nine children of a working class family. Grew up and spent his formative years in Bokmakierie, Athlone. Devout in his Catholic upbringing, later to be ordained as a Deacon at St. Mary of the Angels. Lesley was a very sincere person who concerned himself with the needs of the Community, which naturally resulted in his involvement at the Company where he worked with the problems of his workmates. Along with other like thinking persons, he formed the E.I.W.U. in the Cape, holding meetings at his home in Kayter Road Crawford. The Branch in Durban, along with the Cape Town Branch formed E.I.W.U.S.A.
- Full Text:
Up Beat Issue Number 5 1990
- SACHED
- Authors: SACHED
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: SACHED
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/118946 , vital:34685
- Description: Mbulelois 14 and Adelaide is 12. They live in Pabaleilo, a township outside Upington. They have not seen their mother, Evelina de Bruyn, for more than a year. They would love to see her. But they can’t. She is far away in a jail in Pretoria, waiting to die. Evelina was one of the accused in the Upington 25 murdertrial. In May 1989, Evelina, her husband Gideon Madlongolwane and 11 other people from Pabaleilo were sentenced to death for the ‘common purpose murder’ of Lucas Sethwala, a policeman. The judge said that Evelina de Bruyn did not actually take part in the physical attack on Lucas Setwala. B ut she was part of the crowd that marched on to the policeman’s house and killed him. The crowd had a ‘common purpose’, and that was to kill the policeman. And so Evelina was sentenced to death. Many people think that the idea of a common purpose is wrong. Father Mkhatswa of the Human Rights Commission told Upbeat that people criticise this law because it is so serious. ‘In mass funerals or meetings thousands of people come together. When violence starts you can’t say that people planned the action. People are angry and upset. Also, how do you decide who was involved? Everyone present cannot be responsible.’
- Full Text:
- Authors: SACHED
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: SACHED
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/118946 , vital:34685
- Description: Mbulelois 14 and Adelaide is 12. They live in Pabaleilo, a township outside Upington. They have not seen their mother, Evelina de Bruyn, for more than a year. They would love to see her. But they can’t. She is far away in a jail in Pretoria, waiting to die. Evelina was one of the accused in the Upington 25 murdertrial. In May 1989, Evelina, her husband Gideon Madlongolwane and 11 other people from Pabaleilo were sentenced to death for the ‘common purpose murder’ of Lucas Sethwala, a policeman. The judge said that Evelina de Bruyn did not actually take part in the physical attack on Lucas Setwala. B ut she was part of the crowd that marched on to the policeman’s house and killed him. The crowd had a ‘common purpose’, and that was to kill the policeman. And so Evelina was sentenced to death. Many people think that the idea of a common purpose is wrong. Father Mkhatswa of the Human Rights Commission told Upbeat that people criticise this law because it is so serious. ‘In mass funerals or meetings thousands of people come together. When violence starts you can’t say that people planned the action. People are angry and upset. Also, how do you decide who was involved? Everyone present cannot be responsible.’
- Full Text:
Up Beat Issue Number 7 1990
- SACHED
- Authors: SACHED
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: SACHED
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/118997 , vital:34691
- Description: TB (tuberculosis) is a very serious sickness. It affects your lungs and other parts of your body. About 20 people die of TB every day in South Africa. And every year about 62 000 get the TB virus. In Alexandra township alone, 320 cases were recorded between January and May this year. Four people died from the disease. Doctors and social workers say things like overcrowding, unemployment, low wages and unhealthy dumping grounds cause TB. Most people who suffer from TB are black. Apartheid should be blamed for this. Many organisations, like SAYCO, Cosatu and Earthlife, have started to campaign for a clean and healthy environment. They want people to know how important it is to breathe clean air, drink clean water and eat clean food. We should work with our organisations to save ourselves and others from sickness.
- Full Text:
- Authors: SACHED
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: SACHED
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/118997 , vital:34691
- Description: TB (tuberculosis) is a very serious sickness. It affects your lungs and other parts of your body. About 20 people die of TB every day in South Africa. And every year about 62 000 get the TB virus. In Alexandra township alone, 320 cases were recorded between January and May this year. Four people died from the disease. Doctors and social workers say things like overcrowding, unemployment, low wages and unhealthy dumping grounds cause TB. Most people who suffer from TB are black. Apartheid should be blamed for this. Many organisations, like SAYCO, Cosatu and Earthlife, have started to campaign for a clean and healthy environment. They want people to know how important it is to breathe clean air, drink clean water and eat clean food. We should work with our organisations to save ourselves and others from sickness.
- Full Text:
Up Beat Issue Number 8 1990
- SACHED
- Authors: SACHED
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: SACHED
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116547 , vital:34399
- Description: In July this year, 180 rural communities in the Natal Midlands received very good news. For more than 40 years the government has threatened 160 000 people living in Matiwane’s Kop, Steincoalspruit, Cornfields, Stoffelton, Roosboom and Thenbalihle with forced removal. The government told them that they couldn’t live there. This area was for whites only. But the communities said they wouldn’t go. They had been living in this area for many years. In fact, their families had been living there for more than 200 years. So they decided to fight to stay. Early this year, community leaders met in Pietermaritzburg. They launched a campaign against the forced removal. They also sent a long letter to the Minister of Cooperation and Development. A few months later, the community leaders announced their victory to their communities. The government had backed down. They were not going to force the people to move.
- Full Text:
- Authors: SACHED
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: SACHED
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/116547 , vital:34399
- Description: In July this year, 180 rural communities in the Natal Midlands received very good news. For more than 40 years the government has threatened 160 000 people living in Matiwane’s Kop, Steincoalspruit, Cornfields, Stoffelton, Roosboom and Thenbalihle with forced removal. The government told them that they couldn’t live there. This area was for whites only. But the communities said they wouldn’t go. They had been living in this area for many years. In fact, their families had been living there for more than 200 years. So they decided to fight to stay. Early this year, community leaders met in Pietermaritzburg. They launched a campaign against the forced removal. They also sent a long letter to the Minister of Cooperation and Development. A few months later, the community leaders announced their victory to their communities. The government had backed down. They were not going to force the people to move.
- Full Text:
Wage negotiations: some practival information
- Trade Union Research Project (TURP)
- Authors: Trade Union Research Project (TURP)
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Wage distribution -- South Africa , Wages and labour productivity
- Language: English
- Type: book , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60029 , vital:27724
- Description: The intention of this booklet is to assist unionists, shop stewards and organisers with preparation for wage negotiations. It raises ideas on how to deal with the common arguments that are used by management. This booklet is not a complete guide to wage negotiations. It concentrates mainly on economic factors which form only one part of wage negotiations. The handbook is divided into two sections. Section One deals with: Information about ownership, control and structure of South African companies; How to read and understand the information in a company’s annual report. Section Two deals with wage-related issues and it includes: Inflation; Subsistence levels and other surveys; Wages and wage policy. The booklet concludes with a checklist of information needed by wage negotiators and ends with a glossary of terms and a reference list.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Trade Union Research Project (TURP)
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: Wage distribution -- South Africa , Wages and labour productivity
- Language: English
- Type: book , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60029 , vital:27724
- Description: The intention of this booklet is to assist unionists, shop stewards and organisers with preparation for wage negotiations. It raises ideas on how to deal with the common arguments that are used by management. This booklet is not a complete guide to wage negotiations. It concentrates mainly on economic factors which form only one part of wage negotiations. The handbook is divided into two sections. Section One deals with: Information about ownership, control and structure of South African companies; How to read and understand the information in a company’s annual report. Section Two deals with wage-related issues and it includes: Inflation; Subsistence levels and other surveys; Wages and wage policy. The booklet concludes with a checklist of information needed by wage negotiators and ends with a glossary of terms and a reference list.
- Full Text:
Zinjiva Winston Nkondo, The wng Road the Tunnel. Johannesburg: Congress of South African Writers, 1990. Book Review
- Authors: Klopper, Dirk
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460851 , vital:76040 , https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA00284459_194
- Description: New Coin is one of South Africa's most established and influential poetry journals. It publishes poetry, and poetry-related reviews, commentary and interviews. New Coin places a particular emphasis on evolving forms and experimental use of the English language in poetry in the South African context. In this sense it has traced the most exciting trends and currents in contemporary poetry in South Africa for a decade of more. The journal is published twice a year in June and December by the Institute for the Study of English in Africa (ISEA), Rhodes University.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Klopper, Dirk
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/460851 , vital:76040 , https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA00284459_194
- Description: New Coin is one of South Africa's most established and influential poetry journals. It publishes poetry, and poetry-related reviews, commentary and interviews. New Coin places a particular emphasis on evolving forms and experimental use of the English language in poetry in the South African context. In this sense it has traced the most exciting trends and currents in contemporary poetry in South Africa for a decade of more. The journal is published twice a year in June and December by the Institute for the Study of English in Africa (ISEA), Rhodes University.
- Full Text: