Human Trafficking: narratives of non-governmental organisation caregivers in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Nabo, Sandisiwe Sifanelwe
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Human trafficking , Caregivers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human trafficking -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human trafficking -- Prevention , Non-governmental organizations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11613 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1005987 , Human trafficking , Caregivers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human trafficking -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human trafficking -- Prevention , Non-governmental organizations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economy
- Description: Human trafficking is a social problem that has left no state or country immune to its effects. Literature indicates that human trafficking causes economic social and physical disruptions. Families are left broken and communities divided and children left homeless. Its victims are mostly women and children who come from low socio-economic status. Studies have been conducted on the roles of Non-Governmental Organisation`s across the globe but reports on the roles of NGOs in the Eastern Cape are unknown. This study reports on the roles of Non-Governmental Organisation`s (caregivers) in the Eastern Cape. This investigation is an exploratory qualitative study. A purposeful sampling strategy was used to recruit the Non-governmental organization (caregivers). In depth open ended interviews were conducted. The theories of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and socio-ecological theory were used to discuss the findings of the study. The findings of the study were categorized into four main themes including; knowledge of human trafficking, causes of human trafficking, roles of non-governmental organization (caregivers) in the Eastern Cape and strategies available in the Eastern Cape Province. The findings showed that human trafficking is present in the Eastern Cape. Abused and neglected children are more likely to become potential victims of human trafficking. The caregivers play a huge vital role in the fight against human trafficking. Lastly, the strategies implemented are not as effective as they would have been if adequate legislation was passed against human trafficking.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Nabo, Sandisiwe Sifanelwe
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Human trafficking , Caregivers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human trafficking -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human trafficking -- Prevention , Non-governmental organizations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11613 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1005987 , Human trafficking , Caregivers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human trafficking -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human trafficking -- Prevention , Non-governmental organizations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economy
- Description: Human trafficking is a social problem that has left no state or country immune to its effects. Literature indicates that human trafficking causes economic social and physical disruptions. Families are left broken and communities divided and children left homeless. Its victims are mostly women and children who come from low socio-economic status. Studies have been conducted on the roles of Non-Governmental Organisation`s across the globe but reports on the roles of NGOs in the Eastern Cape are unknown. This study reports on the roles of Non-Governmental Organisation`s (caregivers) in the Eastern Cape. This investigation is an exploratory qualitative study. A purposeful sampling strategy was used to recruit the Non-governmental organization (caregivers). In depth open ended interviews were conducted. The theories of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and socio-ecological theory were used to discuss the findings of the study. The findings of the study were categorized into four main themes including; knowledge of human trafficking, causes of human trafficking, roles of non-governmental organization (caregivers) in the Eastern Cape and strategies available in the Eastern Cape Province. The findings showed that human trafficking is present in the Eastern Cape. Abused and neglected children are more likely to become potential victims of human trafficking. The caregivers play a huge vital role in the fight against human trafficking. Lastly, the strategies implemented are not as effective as they would have been if adequate legislation was passed against human trafficking.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Pregnant teenagers' readiness for motherhood: a quantitative investigation in Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Pitso, Tsolo Joseph
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Teenage mothers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenage parents -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenage pregnancy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Motherhood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11614 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006289 , Teenage mothers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenage parents -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenage pregnancy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Motherhood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The issue of teenage motherhood has been a concern, globally, continentally and locally. The quantitative study assessed whether the pregnant teenagers were ready for motherhood. This report analysed the current positions of women whose first child was to be born when they were teenagers in the rural Eastern Cape setting. The structured questionnaires were given to 106 pregnant teenagers who visited the War Memorial clinic for pregnancy check-up and convenient sampling was used to select these respondents. The items of the questionnaire were divided into the following sub-topics: prenatal and postnatal challenges and roles and responsibilities of motherhood. The study found that most of the pregnant teenagers were aware of the prenatal and postnatal challenges but they were not ready to perform the roles and responsibilities associated with motherhood. The analysis of data was divided in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics. The binary regression model was used to assess the factors affecting the pregnant teenagers’ readiness for motherhood. The finding of this study indicated that most (about 79 percent) of the pregnant teenagers were not aware of the roles and responsibilities of motherhood In addition to being not ready to face the psycho-social challenges of motherhood. Hence they indicated low level of readiness to motherhood. The psycho-social theory of Erikson posited that children who had strong and intact psycho-social relationships with the caregivers might have a high possibility of acquiring their identity during adolescent stage and this will help them to interact both effectively and efficiently with their peers and the society at large. While those do had negative psycho-social development have a high chance of facing identity crisis/confusion. As a result, they might lead them to being victims of psycho-social interaction such as early pregnancy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Pitso, Tsolo Joseph
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Teenage mothers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenage parents -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenage pregnancy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Motherhood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11614 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006289 , Teenage mothers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenage parents -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenage pregnancy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Motherhood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The issue of teenage motherhood has been a concern, globally, continentally and locally. The quantitative study assessed whether the pregnant teenagers were ready for motherhood. This report analysed the current positions of women whose first child was to be born when they were teenagers in the rural Eastern Cape setting. The structured questionnaires were given to 106 pregnant teenagers who visited the War Memorial clinic for pregnancy check-up and convenient sampling was used to select these respondents. The items of the questionnaire were divided into the following sub-topics: prenatal and postnatal challenges and roles and responsibilities of motherhood. The study found that most of the pregnant teenagers were aware of the prenatal and postnatal challenges but they were not ready to perform the roles and responsibilities associated with motherhood. The analysis of data was divided in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics. The binary regression model was used to assess the factors affecting the pregnant teenagers’ readiness for motherhood. The finding of this study indicated that most (about 79 percent) of the pregnant teenagers were not aware of the roles and responsibilities of motherhood In addition to being not ready to face the psycho-social challenges of motherhood. Hence they indicated low level of readiness to motherhood. The psycho-social theory of Erikson posited that children who had strong and intact psycho-social relationships with the caregivers might have a high possibility of acquiring their identity during adolescent stage and this will help them to interact both effectively and efficiently with their peers and the society at large. While those do had negative psycho-social development have a high chance of facing identity crisis/confusion. As a result, they might lead them to being victims of psycho-social interaction such as early pregnancy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The impact of alcohol on the sexual behaviour of adolescent males in Nkonkobe municipality
- Authors: Takatshana, Sinovuyo
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Risk-taking (Psychology) in adolescence , Teenagers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenagers -- Sexual behaviour -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth -- Alcohol use -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenagers -- Alcohol use -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth -- Sexual behaviour -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Alcoholism -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1005986 , Risk-taking (Psychology) in adolescence , Teenagers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenagers -- Sexual behaviour -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth -- Alcohol use -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenagers -- Alcohol use -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth -- Sexual behaviour -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Alcoholism -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The study aimed at investigating the impact of alcohol on the sexual behaviour of male adolescents, with the purpose of establishing whether a relationship exists between alcohol use and risky sexual behaviour (i.e. multiple partners, unprotected, and unplanned sex) by adolescent males. Data was collected by means of an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. The sample consisted of 176 male high school learners, aged between 14 and 25, from one school in the Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape Province. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to obtain data analyses which included descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation (with specific reference to Chi-square analysis), and all procedures were performed at 0.05 level of significance with 95% Confidence Interval. A relationship between alcohol use and risky sexual behaviour was found to exist. A statistically significant correlation was found in support of the alcohol/risky sex hypothesis. Another significant finding was the increase noted in safer sex practises among adolescents. Finally, the findings were correlated to implications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Takatshana, Sinovuyo
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Risk-taking (Psychology) in adolescence , Teenagers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenagers -- Sexual behaviour -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth -- Alcohol use -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenagers -- Alcohol use -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth -- Sexual behaviour -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Alcoholism -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1005986 , Risk-taking (Psychology) in adolescence , Teenagers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenagers -- Sexual behaviour -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth -- Alcohol use -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenagers -- Alcohol use -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Youth -- Sexual behaviour -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Alcoholism -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The study aimed at investigating the impact of alcohol on the sexual behaviour of male adolescents, with the purpose of establishing whether a relationship exists between alcohol use and risky sexual behaviour (i.e. multiple partners, unprotected, and unplanned sex) by adolescent males. Data was collected by means of an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. The sample consisted of 176 male high school learners, aged between 14 and 25, from one school in the Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape Province. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to obtain data analyses which included descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation (with specific reference to Chi-square analysis), and all procedures were performed at 0.05 level of significance with 95% Confidence Interval. A relationship between alcohol use and risky sexual behaviour was found to exist. A statistically significant correlation was found in support of the alcohol/risky sex hypothesis. Another significant finding was the increase noted in safer sex practises among adolescents. Finally, the findings were correlated to implications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Group-based guilt and shame in the desegregated context: the role of the perception of social change and ingroup identification
- Authors: Clarke, Rochelle
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Guilt , Shame , Race awareness -- Psychological aspects , Intergroup relations , Group identity , Social perception
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11934 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/513 , Guilt , Shame , Race awareness -- Psychological aspects , Intergroup relations , Group identity , Social perception
- Description: A correlational study on group-based guilt and shame of white South Africans in post-Apartheid South Africa investigates the role of the perception of social change and how it impacts on the group-based emotions guilt and shame as well as reparation intentions when controlled for ingroup identification. The study also aimed to control for the antecedents of group-based guilt and collective shame. Results revealed that guilt is predicted by perceived responsibility and is influenced by shame, while shame is predicted by image threat and guilt. The results further propose that the perceptions of status change for the ingroup and the outgroup predict the feelings of shame for high ingroup identifiers while status change (or lack thereof) for the ingroup predicts the willingness for symbolic reparation for low ingroup identifiers. The results are presented and discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Clarke, Rochelle
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Guilt , Shame , Race awareness -- Psychological aspects , Intergroup relations , Group identity , Social perception
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11934 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/513 , Guilt , Shame , Race awareness -- Psychological aspects , Intergroup relations , Group identity , Social perception
- Description: A correlational study on group-based guilt and shame of white South Africans in post-Apartheid South Africa investigates the role of the perception of social change and how it impacts on the group-based emotions guilt and shame as well as reparation intentions when controlled for ingroup identification. The study also aimed to control for the antecedents of group-based guilt and collective shame. Results revealed that guilt is predicted by perceived responsibility and is influenced by shame, while shame is predicted by image threat and guilt. The results further propose that the perceptions of status change for the ingroup and the outgroup predict the feelings of shame for high ingroup identifiers while status change (or lack thereof) for the ingroup predicts the willingness for symbolic reparation for low ingroup identifiers. The results are presented and discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Widows' experiences of spousal mourning among AmaXhosa: an interpretative phenomenological study
- Authors: Akol, Grace
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Widowhood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Widows -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Xhosa (African people) -- Funeral customs and rites , Xhosa (African people) -- Psychology , Bereavement -- Psychological aspects , Mourning customs -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Death -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11609 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/523 , Widowhood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Widows -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Xhosa (African people) -- Funeral customs and rites , Xhosa (African people) -- Psychology , Bereavement -- Psychological aspects , Mourning customs -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Death -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: This study was conducted on the mourning rituals of the AmaXhosa widows of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study focused on the descriptive presentation of the experiences of the AmaXhosa widows in the Buffalo City municipality of the Province. The study sought to establish the widows’ perceptions regarding the mourning rituals and to interpret their experiences within the context of contemporary cultural, religious, gender and socio-political influences. The experiences among the widows interviewed were found to have a similar context but their perceptions about the mourning rituals were different between the widows younger than 40 years and those older than 50 years. Widows from urban and rural areas of East London, Mdantsane Township and from within a 60 kilometre radius of East London were interviewed. Purposive random sampling was used to identify an equal number of either urban or rural voluntary participants for the study. Structured interviews were held with widows ranging in age from 29 to 91 years. An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the recorded discussions was conducted. The experiences of the AmaXhosa widows during the conduct of the mourning rituals are described. The key findings of the study indicated that most of the widows felt they had to go through the mourning rituals mainly to show respect for their departed husbands and so that the dignity of the family and clan was maintained. The mourning rituals seemed mostly to have negative implications for the widows such as a lack of family and financial support and being treated as social outcasts; however the rituals also seemed to help the women adjust to their new status as widows. Although the mourning rituals were embedded in the socio-cultural tradition generally followed by the AmaXhosa, religious beliefs also influenced some of the traditions by introducing changes in the way some widows conducted the mourning rituals. For example, some religions advocated for shorter periods of mourning than usual as well as wearing different types of mourning clothes from the usual black or purple dress. Overall the perceptions of the older widows aged above 50 years revealed that they had no reservations about performing the mourning rituals and quite readily and unquestioningly accepted the customs. The younger widows aged below 40 years on the other hand felt that the mourning rituals were biased against women and did not serve a useful purpose and even proposed changes to the manner in which the mourning rituals are conducted particularly the shortening of the mourning period from 12 to 6 months or less. However, they seemed to recognize the role played by the mourning ritual in lessening and possibly healing the pain and sorrow caused by their bereavement.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Akol, Grace
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Widowhood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Widows -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Xhosa (African people) -- Funeral customs and rites , Xhosa (African people) -- Psychology , Bereavement -- Psychological aspects , Mourning customs -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Death -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11609 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/523 , Widowhood -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Widows -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Xhosa (African people) -- Funeral customs and rites , Xhosa (African people) -- Psychology , Bereavement -- Psychological aspects , Mourning customs -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Death -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: This study was conducted on the mourning rituals of the AmaXhosa widows of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study focused on the descriptive presentation of the experiences of the AmaXhosa widows in the Buffalo City municipality of the Province. The study sought to establish the widows’ perceptions regarding the mourning rituals and to interpret their experiences within the context of contemporary cultural, religious, gender and socio-political influences. The experiences among the widows interviewed were found to have a similar context but their perceptions about the mourning rituals were different between the widows younger than 40 years and those older than 50 years. Widows from urban and rural areas of East London, Mdantsane Township and from within a 60 kilometre radius of East London were interviewed. Purposive random sampling was used to identify an equal number of either urban or rural voluntary participants for the study. Structured interviews were held with widows ranging in age from 29 to 91 years. An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the recorded discussions was conducted. The experiences of the AmaXhosa widows during the conduct of the mourning rituals are described. The key findings of the study indicated that most of the widows felt they had to go through the mourning rituals mainly to show respect for their departed husbands and so that the dignity of the family and clan was maintained. The mourning rituals seemed mostly to have negative implications for the widows such as a lack of family and financial support and being treated as social outcasts; however the rituals also seemed to help the women adjust to their new status as widows. Although the mourning rituals were embedded in the socio-cultural tradition generally followed by the AmaXhosa, religious beliefs also influenced some of the traditions by introducing changes in the way some widows conducted the mourning rituals. For example, some religions advocated for shorter periods of mourning than usual as well as wearing different types of mourning clothes from the usual black or purple dress. Overall the perceptions of the older widows aged above 50 years revealed that they had no reservations about performing the mourning rituals and quite readily and unquestioningly accepted the customs. The younger widows aged below 40 years on the other hand felt that the mourning rituals were biased against women and did not serve a useful purpose and even proposed changes to the manner in which the mourning rituals are conducted particularly the shortening of the mourning period from 12 to 6 months or less. However, they seemed to recognize the role played by the mourning ritual in lessening and possibly healing the pain and sorrow caused by their bereavement.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Guilt and shame as intergroup emotions applied within the South African context
- Authors: Byrnes, Janet
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Intergroup relations , Shame , Guilt
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11607 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/154 , Intergroup relations , Shame , Guilt
- Description: The present paper will inform about three studies that seek to make a contribution to the area of self-conscious emotions, namely guilt and shame, and their consequences for intergroup relations in a South African context. As with previous research, this research investigated whether belonging to a particular group (i.e. being a white South African) is likely to evoke feelings of collective guilt and collective shame when reminded of the atrocities of Apartheid, even though the individual members did not personally contribute to their group’s negative history. The first study aimed to investigate experimentally the effects of experienced collective ingroup guilt and shame on the desire to make reparation. The second study aimed to test the relationship between guilt/shame and reparation of white South Africans in the field. Furthermore, the second study aimed to account for the dialectical aspects of the intergroup situation by exploring guilt/shame and reparation of white South Africans as expected by young black South Africans (as members of the previously oppressed group). The third study aimed to replicate the differences between experienced guilt/shame/reparation and reported ingroup identification by white South Africans and the expected guilt/shame/reparation from white South Africans and reported ingroup identification by black South Africans as found in the study 2. In addition, the third study aimed to control the antecedents for collective guilt and for collective shame. It also explored the impact knowledge about atrocities of the ingroup (white participants) has on emotions and reparation attitudes and whether perceived status relations at present and in the future impacts the emotions as well general reparation attitudes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Byrnes, Janet
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Intergroup relations , Shame , Guilt
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11607 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/154 , Intergroup relations , Shame , Guilt
- Description: The present paper will inform about three studies that seek to make a contribution to the area of self-conscious emotions, namely guilt and shame, and their consequences for intergroup relations in a South African context. As with previous research, this research investigated whether belonging to a particular group (i.e. being a white South African) is likely to evoke feelings of collective guilt and collective shame when reminded of the atrocities of Apartheid, even though the individual members did not personally contribute to their group’s negative history. The first study aimed to investigate experimentally the effects of experienced collective ingroup guilt and shame on the desire to make reparation. The second study aimed to test the relationship between guilt/shame and reparation of white South Africans in the field. Furthermore, the second study aimed to account for the dialectical aspects of the intergroup situation by exploring guilt/shame and reparation of white South Africans as expected by young black South Africans (as members of the previously oppressed group). The third study aimed to replicate the differences between experienced guilt/shame/reparation and reported ingroup identification by white South Africans and the expected guilt/shame/reparation from white South Africans and reported ingroup identification by black South Africans as found in the study 2. In addition, the third study aimed to control the antecedents for collective guilt and for collective shame. It also explored the impact knowledge about atrocities of the ingroup (white participants) has on emotions and reparation attitudes and whether perceived status relations at present and in the future impacts the emotions as well general reparation attitudes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Relative deprivation and relative gratification as predictors of intergroup discrimination: can prejudice be reduced by equality?
- Authors: Neuwenhuis, Bridgitte
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Collective behavior , Social perception , Intergroup relations , Deprivation (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11608 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/147 , Collective behavior , Social perception , Intergroup relations , Deprivation (Psychology)
- Description: It has long been identified that relative deprivation increases prejudice. Guimond and Dambrun (2002) demonstrated that relative gratification, as the opposite of relative deprivation, is also an important variable in predicting intergroup discrimination. Guimond and Dambrun (2002), further suggest that in order to prevent destructive conflicts between groups, such as intergroup discrimination, the goal of equality rather than economic improvements has to be kept in mind. The present paper will report three experiments which aimed to replicate Guimond and Dambrun’s (2002) findings on relative deprivation and relative gratification and which further aimed to test their proposal that equality would reduce prejudice. The results of the three experiments confirmed the predicted effects of relative deprivation and relative gratification on intergroup discrimination. However, the results did not confirm that equality reduces prejudice. Methodological and theoretical reasons for these results are provided and discussed in detail.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Neuwenhuis, Bridgitte
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Collective behavior , Social perception , Intergroup relations , Deprivation (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11608 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/147 , Collective behavior , Social perception , Intergroup relations , Deprivation (Psychology)
- Description: It has long been identified that relative deprivation increases prejudice. Guimond and Dambrun (2002) demonstrated that relative gratification, as the opposite of relative deprivation, is also an important variable in predicting intergroup discrimination. Guimond and Dambrun (2002), further suggest that in order to prevent destructive conflicts between groups, such as intergroup discrimination, the goal of equality rather than economic improvements has to be kept in mind. The present paper will report three experiments which aimed to replicate Guimond and Dambrun’s (2002) findings on relative deprivation and relative gratification and which further aimed to test their proposal that equality would reduce prejudice. The results of the three experiments confirmed the predicted effects of relative deprivation and relative gratification on intergroup discrimination. However, the results did not confirm that equality reduces prejudice. Methodological and theoretical reasons for these results are provided and discussed in detail.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The choice of idols from a social psychological perspective
- Authors: Lupke, Lynette M
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Identity (Psychology) , Idols and images , Social interaction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11606 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/132 , Identity (Psychology) , Idols and images , Social interaction
- Description: The study of adolescents’ idols has an over 100-year tradition. The meta-analysis of Teigen, Normann, Bjorkheim and Helland (2000) showed that idols, which are commonly understood as role models, changed over the last century which is attributed to changes in the social context. The present paper argues that Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979, 1986) offers an appropriate theoretical framework to conceptualize social context by hypothesising a functional relationship between idols and identity management strategies moderated by the status position of the adolescent’s group s/he belongs to. The hypothesised functional relationship was tested in two studies with white and black adolescent South Africans. The results of the two studies supported our assumptions that the functional relationship between idols and identity management strategies is indeed moderated by status position. The results also indicate that Social Identity Theory seems to be an appropriate theoretical framework when social context is particularly conceptualised as social change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Lupke, Lynette M
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Identity (Psychology) , Idols and images , Social interaction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11606 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/132 , Identity (Psychology) , Idols and images , Social interaction
- Description: The study of adolescents’ idols has an over 100-year tradition. The meta-analysis of Teigen, Normann, Bjorkheim and Helland (2000) showed that idols, which are commonly understood as role models, changed over the last century which is attributed to changes in the social context. The present paper argues that Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979, 1986) offers an appropriate theoretical framework to conceptualize social context by hypothesising a functional relationship between idols and identity management strategies moderated by the status position of the adolescent’s group s/he belongs to. The hypothesised functional relationship was tested in two studies with white and black adolescent South Africans. The results of the two studies supported our assumptions that the functional relationship between idols and identity management strategies is indeed moderated by status position. The results also indicate that Social Identity Theory seems to be an appropriate theoretical framework when social context is particularly conceptualised as social change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Assessing unwanted early sexual experiences: a South African university study
- Authors: Defferary, Tanya E M
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: College students -- Attitudes -- South Africa , College students -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa , Students -- South Africa -- Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11603 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/137 , College students -- Attitudes -- South Africa , College students -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa , Students -- South Africa -- Psychology
- Description: This study assessed the prevalence of unwanted early sexual experiences (UESE), of the first year psychology students at the University of Fort Hare, in East London. Of the participants, 65 (31 percent) indicated that they had been exposed to some form of non-contact (56.9percent) or contact (22.3 prercent) UESE before the age of 16 years. It was found that more male (42.5 percent) than female (25.2 percent) students reported being exposed to an UESE. The most common perpetrator reported by the majority of the participants were friends (52.4 percent). Most respondents reported that they were only exposed to the UESE once (55.6 percent). The study found that females were significantly more bothered than males both at the time of the UESE and at the time of completing the questionnaire. Both male and female participants were more bothered by the UESE at the time of the event than they were at the time of completing the questionnaire, which indicates an abatement of symptoms over time. The results indicate that flashbacks of the UESE were the most bothersome experience for both male and female participants at the time of completing the questionnaire.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Defferary, Tanya E M
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: College students -- Attitudes -- South Africa , College students -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa , Students -- South Africa -- Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11603 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/137 , College students -- Attitudes -- South Africa , College students -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa , Students -- South Africa -- Psychology
- Description: This study assessed the prevalence of unwanted early sexual experiences (UESE), of the first year psychology students at the University of Fort Hare, in East London. Of the participants, 65 (31 percent) indicated that they had been exposed to some form of non-contact (56.9percent) or contact (22.3 prercent) UESE before the age of 16 years. It was found that more male (42.5 percent) than female (25.2 percent) students reported being exposed to an UESE. The most common perpetrator reported by the majority of the participants were friends (52.4 percent). Most respondents reported that they were only exposed to the UESE once (55.6 percent). The study found that females were significantly more bothered than males both at the time of the UESE and at the time of completing the questionnaire. Both male and female participants were more bothered by the UESE at the time of the event than they were at the time of completing the questionnaire, which indicates an abatement of symptoms over time. The results indicate that flashbacks of the UESE were the most bothersome experience for both male and female participants at the time of completing the questionnaire.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
The impact of a career development programme on career maturity and academic motivation
- Authors: Miles, Jean
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Vocational guidance , Motivation in education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11602 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/143 , Vocational guidance , Motivation in education
- Description: The present study addresses the problems experienced by South African youth in making effective, informed career decisions. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of a career intervention programme on the career maturity and academic motivation of Grade 11 learners at Alphendale High School. Furthermore, the relationship between career maturity and academic motivation was explored. Using a pre-post test quasi-xperimental design it could be demonstrated that different dimensions of the learners’ career maturity and their academic motivation improved subsequent to the career intervention programme and therefore underscored the value of a career intervention programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Miles, Jean
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Vocational guidance , Motivation in education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11602 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/143 , Vocational guidance , Motivation in education
- Description: The present study addresses the problems experienced by South African youth in making effective, informed career decisions. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of a career intervention programme on the career maturity and academic motivation of Grade 11 learners at Alphendale High School. Furthermore, the relationship between career maturity and academic motivation was explored. Using a pre-post test quasi-xperimental design it could be demonstrated that different dimensions of the learners’ career maturity and their academic motivation improved subsequent to the career intervention programme and therefore underscored the value of a career intervention programme.
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- Date Issued: 2008
The personal, career and learning skill needs of first year psychology students
- Authors: Norris, Toni Louise
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Personality and academic achievement -- South Africa , Personality assessment , Students -- South Africa -- Psychology , Learning ability
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11605 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/140 , Personality and academic achievement -- South Africa , Personality assessment , Students -- South Africa -- Psychology , Learning ability
- Description: This study assessed the personal, career and learning skills needs of 196 psychology students (M= 56, F= 103). The preferred means of counselling assistance, preferred experience of counselling and preferred counselling provider were also assessed. The most highly endorsed needs were time management skills (83.5 percent, n=162), learning test-taking strategies (82 percent, n=159), job search strategies (73.6 percent, n=142), increasing self-confidence (70.3 percent, n=135), increasing motivation (72.4 percent, n=134), controlling anxiety and nervousness (68.7 percent, n=134), public speaking anxiety (68.4percent, n=134), understanding career interests and abilities (67.5 percent, n=131), fear of failure (68.1 percent, n=130), and improving study skills (66.5 percent, n=129). Significant sex differences were found for the following, finding a greater purpose in life, controlling weight, job search strategies, concerns about career choice, understanding career interests and abilities in the selection of major subjects and improving study skills. Males highly endorsed the need for finding a greater purpose in life, job search strategies, and concern about career choice, understanding career interest and abilities, selection of major subjects and to improve study skills, whereas females endorsed the need for controlling weight. Respondents indicated individual counselling as being their preferred means of counselling assistance, but lectures were the most prevalent means of assistance previously received by respondents. Most respondents (78.1 percent) found the assistance they had received to be helpful.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Norris, Toni Louise
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Personality and academic achievement -- South Africa , Personality assessment , Students -- South Africa -- Psychology , Learning ability
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11605 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/140 , Personality and academic achievement -- South Africa , Personality assessment , Students -- South Africa -- Psychology , Learning ability
- Description: This study assessed the personal, career and learning skills needs of 196 psychology students (M= 56, F= 103). The preferred means of counselling assistance, preferred experience of counselling and preferred counselling provider were also assessed. The most highly endorsed needs were time management skills (83.5 percent, n=162), learning test-taking strategies (82 percent, n=159), job search strategies (73.6 percent, n=142), increasing self-confidence (70.3 percent, n=135), increasing motivation (72.4 percent, n=134), controlling anxiety and nervousness (68.7 percent, n=134), public speaking anxiety (68.4percent, n=134), understanding career interests and abilities (67.5 percent, n=131), fear of failure (68.1 percent, n=130), and improving study skills (66.5 percent, n=129). Significant sex differences were found for the following, finding a greater purpose in life, controlling weight, job search strategies, concerns about career choice, understanding career interests and abilities in the selection of major subjects and improving study skills. Males highly endorsed the need for finding a greater purpose in life, job search strategies, and concern about career choice, understanding career interest and abilities, selection of major subjects and to improve study skills, whereas females endorsed the need for controlling weight. Respondents indicated individual counselling as being their preferred means of counselling assistance, but lectures were the most prevalent means of assistance previously received by respondents. Most respondents (78.1 percent) found the assistance they had received to be helpful.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Tolerance in intergroup relations: cognitive representations reducing ingroup projection
- Authors: O'Sullivan, Clodagh M
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Group identity , Social groups , Intergroup relations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11604 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/140 , Group identity , Social groups , Intergroup relations
- Description: This study assessed the personal, career and learning skills needs of 196 psychology students (M= 56, F= 103). The preferred means of counselling assistance, preferred experience of counselling and preferred counselling provider were also assessed. The most highly endorsed needs were time management skills (83.5 pecent, n=162), learning test-taking strategies (82 percent, n=159), job search strategies (73.6 percent, n=142), increasing self-confidence (70.3 percent, n=135), increasing motivation (72.4 percent, n=134), controlling anxiety and nervousness (68.7 percent, n=134), public speaking anxiety (68 percent, n=134), understanding career interests and abilities (67.5 percent, n=131), fear of failure (68.1 percent, n=130), and improving study skills (66.5 percent, n=129). Significant sex differences were found for the following, finding a greater purpose in life, controlling weight, job search strategies, concerns about career choice, understanding career interests and abilities in the selection of major subjects and improving study skills. Males highly endorsed the need for finding a greater purpose in life, job search strategies, and concern about career choice, understanding career interest and abilities, selection of major subjects and to improve study skills, whereas females endorsed the need for controlling weight. Respondents indicated individual counselling as being their preferred means of counselling assistance, but lectures were the most prevalent means of assistance previously received by respondents. Most respondents (78.1 percent) found the assistance they had received to be helpful.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: O'Sullivan, Clodagh M
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Group identity , Social groups , Intergroup relations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Psych)
- Identifier: vital:11604 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/140 , Group identity , Social groups , Intergroup relations
- Description: This study assessed the personal, career and learning skills needs of 196 psychology students (M= 56, F= 103). The preferred means of counselling assistance, preferred experience of counselling and preferred counselling provider were also assessed. The most highly endorsed needs were time management skills (83.5 pecent, n=162), learning test-taking strategies (82 percent, n=159), job search strategies (73.6 percent, n=142), increasing self-confidence (70.3 percent, n=135), increasing motivation (72.4 percent, n=134), controlling anxiety and nervousness (68.7 percent, n=134), public speaking anxiety (68 percent, n=134), understanding career interests and abilities (67.5 percent, n=131), fear of failure (68.1 percent, n=130), and improving study skills (66.5 percent, n=129). Significant sex differences were found for the following, finding a greater purpose in life, controlling weight, job search strategies, concerns about career choice, understanding career interests and abilities in the selection of major subjects and improving study skills. Males highly endorsed the need for finding a greater purpose in life, job search strategies, and concern about career choice, understanding career interest and abilities, selection of major subjects and to improve study skills, whereas females endorsed the need for controlling weight. Respondents indicated individual counselling as being their preferred means of counselling assistance, but lectures were the most prevalent means of assistance previously received by respondents. Most respondents (78.1 percent) found the assistance they had received to be helpful.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
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