Assessment of government spending austerity measures in on-site school support for curriculum delivery: a case of Idutywa Education District
- Authors: Lombo, Nomachule
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Government spending policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Financial crises -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Debts, Public -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2038 , vital:27600
- Description: The view of on-site school support for curriculum delivery is shared by most countries and its effects have been felt by schools. There is fear that the Austerity Measures will negate the outcomes of the action taken by the teams that visit the schools. The reviewed literature is more biased towards the Austerity Measures in the whole government sector rather than in a department or an institution like the Education District in Idutywa. Even though the effects of Austerity Measures have been researched all over the world based on a specific country, there is deficiency of such literature done in the institution like the department of Education Districts. The researcher intends contributing to the filling of this gap by this study. The researcher therefore carried out a focused study of the effect of Department’s Austerity Measures on on-site school curriculum support in Idutywa Education District. It is also imperative to know how the teachers are affected by these departmental Austerity Measures, hence the interviews were carried out with the school personnel in addition to the District Professional staff. The District is characterised by poor performance in both Annual National Assessment (ANA) and the final National Senior Certificate results. The findings revealed that the implementation of AM have contributed to, amongst other things, the following issues: The inadequate on-site school support for curriculum delivery; The shortage of resources that includes teachers and vehicles; and ultimately the learner underperformance The researcher expect that the recommendation made will be embraced and be factored through, during the planning process of the Eastern Cape Department of Basic Education in order to improve learner performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Lombo, Nomachule
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Government spending policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Financial crises -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Debts, Public -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2038 , vital:27600
- Description: The view of on-site school support for curriculum delivery is shared by most countries and its effects have been felt by schools. There is fear that the Austerity Measures will negate the outcomes of the action taken by the teams that visit the schools. The reviewed literature is more biased towards the Austerity Measures in the whole government sector rather than in a department or an institution like the Education District in Idutywa. Even though the effects of Austerity Measures have been researched all over the world based on a specific country, there is deficiency of such literature done in the institution like the department of Education Districts. The researcher intends contributing to the filling of this gap by this study. The researcher therefore carried out a focused study of the effect of Department’s Austerity Measures on on-site school curriculum support in Idutywa Education District. It is also imperative to know how the teachers are affected by these departmental Austerity Measures, hence the interviews were carried out with the school personnel in addition to the District Professional staff. The District is characterised by poor performance in both Annual National Assessment (ANA) and the final National Senior Certificate results. The findings revealed that the implementation of AM have contributed to, amongst other things, the following issues: The inadequate on-site school support for curriculum delivery; The shortage of resources that includes teachers and vehicles; and ultimately the learner underperformance The researcher expect that the recommendation made will be embraced and be factored through, during the planning process of the Eastern Cape Department of Basic Education in order to improve learner performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Assessment of monitoring and evaluation of non-financial performance of provincial departments in the province of the Eastern Cape with special reference to its impact on service delivery
- Authors: Vermaak, Ernest Paul
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Government productivity -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Evaluation Performance standards -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Evaluation Government accountability -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4571 , vital:28423
- Description: In this research study an investigation was launched into the monitoring and evaluation system that the government introduced to monitor and evaluate the performance information produced by the Provincial Government Departments on the implementation of their annual performance plans. The Government Departments obtain budget approval from the Legislature and submit their three-year performance plans with their budgets. The government realized that service delivery was not improving against the back drop of annually increasing the budgets. The monitoring and evaluation system was introduced to assist the Government Departments with the implementation of their annual performance plans. Monitoring and evaluation serves as a control measure and deviations can be detected from the planned outputs of the Government Departments. Corrective measures must be instituted that will have the effect that the Government Departments meet the targets set in the indicators as approved in the annual performance plans. A literature review was conducted on monitoring and evaluation regarding the ideal manner in which it should be performed. The South African Government introduced a number of discussion documents from the Presidency and National Treasury on monitoring and evaluation. Several authors raised their views on the matter and it was captured in the research study. The methodology followed was based on the Systems Theory and a questionnaire was prepared and circulated amongst Political Office Bearers and Chief Officials in the Provincial Government Departments in the Eastern Cape on the issues that was researched. Interviews were conducted with selected participants to gain clarity on specific issues related to the questionnaire. The official annual report issued by the Auditor General to the Provincial Legislature served as official document in the research study. The data collected from the questionnaire, interviews and official documentation was analyzed and graphs were drawn and deductions were made from the results. Findings and recommendations were made from the data collected and a summary was compiled of the issues raised in the research study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Vermaak, Ernest Paul
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Government productivity -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Evaluation Performance standards -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Evaluation Government accountability -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4571 , vital:28423
- Description: In this research study an investigation was launched into the monitoring and evaluation system that the government introduced to monitor and evaluate the performance information produced by the Provincial Government Departments on the implementation of their annual performance plans. The Government Departments obtain budget approval from the Legislature and submit their three-year performance plans with their budgets. The government realized that service delivery was not improving against the back drop of annually increasing the budgets. The monitoring and evaluation system was introduced to assist the Government Departments with the implementation of their annual performance plans. Monitoring and evaluation serves as a control measure and deviations can be detected from the planned outputs of the Government Departments. Corrective measures must be instituted that will have the effect that the Government Departments meet the targets set in the indicators as approved in the annual performance plans. A literature review was conducted on monitoring and evaluation regarding the ideal manner in which it should be performed. The South African Government introduced a number of discussion documents from the Presidency and National Treasury on monitoring and evaluation. Several authors raised their views on the matter and it was captured in the research study. The methodology followed was based on the Systems Theory and a questionnaire was prepared and circulated amongst Political Office Bearers and Chief Officials in the Provincial Government Departments in the Eastern Cape on the issues that was researched. Interviews were conducted with selected participants to gain clarity on specific issues related to the questionnaire. The official annual report issued by the Auditor General to the Provincial Legislature served as official document in the research study. The data collected from the questionnaire, interviews and official documentation was analyzed and graphs were drawn and deductions were made from the results. Findings and recommendations were made from the data collected and a summary was compiled of the issues raised in the research study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Assessment of rangeland condition and evaluation of farmers' perception in Njwaxa and Mbizana communal rangelands of the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Ngcofe, Odwa Armstrong
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Rangelands -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13259 , vital:39627
- Description: This study was conducted to determine of rangeland condition in terms of botanical composition, soil nutrient composition, and also to evaluate farmers’ perception on rangeland condition and degradation in two communal villages Njwaxa and Mbizana in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa in 2014. A Structured questionnaire consisting of close and open-ended questions was used to investigate farmers’ perceptions on range condition, land degradation, and their causes. Fifty households with livestock were randomly selected in two communal areas of Middledrift (i.e. Njwaxa and Mbizana). Respondents of 21 years and above were selected. For assessment of range condition three homogeneous vegetation units (HVU) were demarcated in all study sites, namely slope; valley and toplands were demarcated and sub-divided into four 100m x 50m replicates. In each replicate, four 100m transects were laid parallel to each other 25m apart 1m2 quadrant was systematically located four times along each transect for herbaceous vegetation and soil sampling. The step point method was employed to determine herbaceous species composition and basal cover. A 400m2 belt transect was used to determine woody vegetation composition, density and tree equivalents in each HVU. The germination method was employed for soil seed bank composition and plant density. The soil micro and macro nutrients (N, P, K OC, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Mn) and pH were also analyzed The majority of the respondents were between the ages of 51-60 years. Most of the farmers had more cattle (38percent) than goats (32percent) and sheep (30percent). Livestock numbers were perceived to have declined over the previous 20 years by the majority of respondents (96percent). The respondents indicated that their rangelands were mainly used for browsing (1.37), fire wood (2.01), building and fencing (2.63) and medical purposes (3.66). All the respondents indicated that their rangelands were highly degraded. Sheet erosion (50percent) was perceived to be the major type of soil erosion indicator mentioned by the farmers, followed by gully erosion (29percent) and rill erosion (21percent). The rangeland was dominated by Increaser II (pioneer) (63.2 percent) grass species followed by Decreaser (mesophytes) species (26.3percent). Digitaria eriantha in the valley (53.5 percent) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than both in the top (10.5percent) and sloppy areas (33.5percent) at Njwaxa communal rangeland, the abundance of D. eriantha was significantly higher (p<0.05) than top and valley in Mbizana communal rangeland. The results showed that soil seed banks were dominated by perennials, followed by annuals and biennial species being least abundant. The dominant forb Jamebrittenia c.f. albanesis was significantly higher (p<0.05) in both slopes (6.65percent) and toplands (7.34percent) than in the valley (3.15). The second most dominant species Puesdognaphalium undulata was significantly higher (p<0.05) in topland areas (6percent) than in valley bottom (3.8percent) and sloppy areas (4.3percent). The results of soil nutrients revealed no significant differences (p>0.05) in the concentration of OC, Ca, and Mg between the communities and seasons. Phosphorus (P) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in winter (concentrations) in most of the sites, except the top sites of Mbizana where summer concentration of P was significantly higher than winter. Potassium (K) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in summer than in winter in most of the HVUs, except the topland areas of Njwaxa and Mbizana sloppy areas where there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the concentration of K. Soil pH did not display any significant differences (p>0.05) between communities and sites. The mean soil pH recorded in this study was 5.4 implying the soils of Njwaxa and Mbizana communities were acidic. It is evident that communal farmers are well aware of their rangeland condition, changes occurring in their rangelands, their causes and are capable of suggesting some solutions in controlling the declining condition of the rangelands. This study has shown the importance of engaging farmers’ inputs in range assessment since those are people bearing the consequences of rangeland degradation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Ngcofe, Odwa Armstrong
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Rangelands -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13259 , vital:39627
- Description: This study was conducted to determine of rangeland condition in terms of botanical composition, soil nutrient composition, and also to evaluate farmers’ perception on rangeland condition and degradation in two communal villages Njwaxa and Mbizana in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa in 2014. A Structured questionnaire consisting of close and open-ended questions was used to investigate farmers’ perceptions on range condition, land degradation, and their causes. Fifty households with livestock were randomly selected in two communal areas of Middledrift (i.e. Njwaxa and Mbizana). Respondents of 21 years and above were selected. For assessment of range condition three homogeneous vegetation units (HVU) were demarcated in all study sites, namely slope; valley and toplands were demarcated and sub-divided into four 100m x 50m replicates. In each replicate, four 100m transects were laid parallel to each other 25m apart 1m2 quadrant was systematically located four times along each transect for herbaceous vegetation and soil sampling. The step point method was employed to determine herbaceous species composition and basal cover. A 400m2 belt transect was used to determine woody vegetation composition, density and tree equivalents in each HVU. The germination method was employed for soil seed bank composition and plant density. The soil micro and macro nutrients (N, P, K OC, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Mn) and pH were also analyzed The majority of the respondents were between the ages of 51-60 years. Most of the farmers had more cattle (38percent) than goats (32percent) and sheep (30percent). Livestock numbers were perceived to have declined over the previous 20 years by the majority of respondents (96percent). The respondents indicated that their rangelands were mainly used for browsing (1.37), fire wood (2.01), building and fencing (2.63) and medical purposes (3.66). All the respondents indicated that their rangelands were highly degraded. Sheet erosion (50percent) was perceived to be the major type of soil erosion indicator mentioned by the farmers, followed by gully erosion (29percent) and rill erosion (21percent). The rangeland was dominated by Increaser II (pioneer) (63.2 percent) grass species followed by Decreaser (mesophytes) species (26.3percent). Digitaria eriantha in the valley (53.5 percent) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than both in the top (10.5percent) and sloppy areas (33.5percent) at Njwaxa communal rangeland, the abundance of D. eriantha was significantly higher (p<0.05) than top and valley in Mbizana communal rangeland. The results showed that soil seed banks were dominated by perennials, followed by annuals and biennial species being least abundant. The dominant forb Jamebrittenia c.f. albanesis was significantly higher (p<0.05) in both slopes (6.65percent) and toplands (7.34percent) than in the valley (3.15). The second most dominant species Puesdognaphalium undulata was significantly higher (p<0.05) in topland areas (6percent) than in valley bottom (3.8percent) and sloppy areas (4.3percent). The results of soil nutrients revealed no significant differences (p>0.05) in the concentration of OC, Ca, and Mg between the communities and seasons. Phosphorus (P) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in winter (concentrations) in most of the sites, except the top sites of Mbizana where summer concentration of P was significantly higher than winter. Potassium (K) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in summer than in winter in most of the HVUs, except the topland areas of Njwaxa and Mbizana sloppy areas where there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the concentration of K. Soil pH did not display any significant differences (p>0.05) between communities and sites. The mean soil pH recorded in this study was 5.4 implying the soils of Njwaxa and Mbizana communities were acidic. It is evident that communal farmers are well aware of their rangeland condition, changes occurring in their rangelands, their causes and are capable of suggesting some solutions in controlling the declining condition of the rangelands. This study has shown the importance of engaging farmers’ inputs in range assessment since those are people bearing the consequences of rangeland degradation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Assessment of the flocculating efficiency of bioflocculant produced by bacillus sp. Aemreg4 isolated from Tyhume river, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Ntsangani, Nozipho
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Flocculants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Biochemistry)
- Identifier: vital:11357 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1021324
- Description: Bioflocculants are flocculating substances produced by microorganisms during growth and have recently received considerable attention from researchers; due to their biodegradability, non-toxicity and lack of secondary pollution from degradation intermediates. This study evaluated the efficiency of bioflocculant produced by Bacillus sp. AEMREG4 isolated from Tyhume River. The bacterial identification was through 16S rDNA sequencing; nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank as Bacillus sp. AEMREG4 with an Accession number KP406729. The optimum culture conditions for bioflocculant production were an inoculum size of 4% (v/v) and starch as well as yeast extract as sole carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. The addition of CaCl2 enhanced the flocculating activity, at a wide range of pH 4-10 and the highest flocculating activity was reached at an initial pH 8 (80%). A bioflocculant yield of 0.78 g was recovered from 1 L of culture broth. The optimum flocculating activity of 78% was reached at the lowest bioflocculant dosage of 0.1 mg/ml and the presence of divalent cations (Ca2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+) as well as a trivalent cation (Al3+) enhanced flocculating activity. The purified bioflocculant retained more than 70% flocculating activity when subjected to heating at 100 °C for 1 h and maximum flocculating activity of 83% was achieved at both acidic and basic pH values of 3 and 10 respectively. Chemical analysis showed that the bioflocculant is predominantly polysaccharide. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum revealed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and methoxyl groups as the functional moieties and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of the purified bioflocculant showed its morphological structure as rod-shaped which contributes to its high flocculating efficiency. The high flocculation activity displayed by this bioflocculant indicates its potential suitability for industrial application.Keywords: Bioflocculant, Bacillus sp. AEMREG4, flocculating activity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Ntsangani, Nozipho
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Flocculants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Biochemistry)
- Identifier: vital:11357 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1021324
- Description: Bioflocculants are flocculating substances produced by microorganisms during growth and have recently received considerable attention from researchers; due to their biodegradability, non-toxicity and lack of secondary pollution from degradation intermediates. This study evaluated the efficiency of bioflocculant produced by Bacillus sp. AEMREG4 isolated from Tyhume River. The bacterial identification was through 16S rDNA sequencing; nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank as Bacillus sp. AEMREG4 with an Accession number KP406729. The optimum culture conditions for bioflocculant production were an inoculum size of 4% (v/v) and starch as well as yeast extract as sole carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. The addition of CaCl2 enhanced the flocculating activity, at a wide range of pH 4-10 and the highest flocculating activity was reached at an initial pH 8 (80%). A bioflocculant yield of 0.78 g was recovered from 1 L of culture broth. The optimum flocculating activity of 78% was reached at the lowest bioflocculant dosage of 0.1 mg/ml and the presence of divalent cations (Ca2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+) as well as a trivalent cation (Al3+) enhanced flocculating activity. The purified bioflocculant retained more than 70% flocculating activity when subjected to heating at 100 °C for 1 h and maximum flocculating activity of 83% was achieved at both acidic and basic pH values of 3 and 10 respectively. Chemical analysis showed that the bioflocculant is predominantly polysaccharide. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum revealed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and methoxyl groups as the functional moieties and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of the purified bioflocculant showed its morphological structure as rod-shaped which contributes to its high flocculating efficiency. The high flocculation activity displayed by this bioflocculant indicates its potential suitability for industrial application.Keywords: Bioflocculant, Bacillus sp. AEMREG4, flocculating activity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Assessment of the implementation of the National Certificate (Vocational) plant production modules
- Langa, Phakama Perry Macmillan
- Authors: Langa, Phakama Perry Macmillan
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Curriculum planning Technical education -- Curricula Vocational education -- Curricula
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2359 , vital:27778
- Description: From 2010, the South African vocational skills education is offered by the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) through the Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges. TVET colleges need to be transformed in order to empower young learners with the skills required by the various sectors of the economy. The purpose of this study was to assess the implementation of the National Certificate (Vocational) Plant Production module in Training and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Colleges. The sample for this study is concurrent triangulation whereby complementary methods of data sources were brought together to offset each other‘s weaknesses. The sample for this study consisted of participants from three TVET colleges: one deep rural, one semi-rural/semi-urban and one urban in terms of geographical location. A total of 18 participants were interviewed: 2 subject advisors engaged by the colleges, 1 lecturer from college A, 3 lecturers from college B, 2 lecturers from college C, 4 graduates from college B, 3 graduates from college C and 3 employers .Research design for this study has features of both a survey and a case study. The mixed-method approach was applied using document analysis, questionnaires and interviews for data collection. The researcher found out that there is a disparity between the Plant Production guidelines and their implementation and assessment. Among the main reasons for failure to implement the guidelines properly are poor or inadequate infrastructure for doing practical work, high rate of student absenteeism within the investigated categories, and the high drop-out rate at Levels 2–4. To minimize the challenges in offering the Plant Production module, the study recommends that since some colleges cannot afford purchasing large sizes of land to properly implement the Plant Production guidelines, the government and the DHET should link the Primary Agriculture training to the land reform program where students can be trained under the land reform program.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Langa, Phakama Perry Macmillan
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Curriculum planning Technical education -- Curricula Vocational education -- Curricula
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2359 , vital:27778
- Description: From 2010, the South African vocational skills education is offered by the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) through the Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges. TVET colleges need to be transformed in order to empower young learners with the skills required by the various sectors of the economy. The purpose of this study was to assess the implementation of the National Certificate (Vocational) Plant Production module in Training and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Colleges. The sample for this study is concurrent triangulation whereby complementary methods of data sources were brought together to offset each other‘s weaknesses. The sample for this study consisted of participants from three TVET colleges: one deep rural, one semi-rural/semi-urban and one urban in terms of geographical location. A total of 18 participants were interviewed: 2 subject advisors engaged by the colleges, 1 lecturer from college A, 3 lecturers from college B, 2 lecturers from college C, 4 graduates from college B, 3 graduates from college C and 3 employers .Research design for this study has features of both a survey and a case study. The mixed-method approach was applied using document analysis, questionnaires and interviews for data collection. The researcher found out that there is a disparity between the Plant Production guidelines and their implementation and assessment. Among the main reasons for failure to implement the guidelines properly are poor or inadequate infrastructure for doing practical work, high rate of student absenteeism within the investigated categories, and the high drop-out rate at Levels 2–4. To minimize the challenges in offering the Plant Production module, the study recommends that since some colleges cannot afford purchasing large sizes of land to properly implement the Plant Production guidelines, the government and the DHET should link the Primary Agriculture training to the land reform program where students can be trained under the land reform program.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Assessment of the implementation of the National Certificate (Vocational) plant production modules
- Langa, Phakama Perry Macmillan
- Authors: Langa, Phakama Perry Macmillan
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Technical education -- Curricula Vocational education -- Curricula Curriculum planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5391 , vital:29229
- Description: This study investigates the implementation of Language in Education Policy (LiEP) in learning and teaching in grades six from two schools. It critically examines the teachers’ practices and experiences towards English as the language of learning and teaching (LoLT) at two different primary schools from the eMalahleni in the Lady Frere Education District in the Eastern Cape. The study is guided by the fact that most learners use their mother tongue (isiXhosa) in classroom as well as outside classroom contexts. Furthermore, some teachers use the translation method of teaching language as they code-switch to their home language when teaching content subjects as well as English. Despite this practice in class, learners are expected to answer their test and examination questions in English. Theoretically, this study is underpinned by the constructivist view of language learning (Gaserfeld, 2003) and English as an international language (Sivasubramaniam, 2011). On the basis of the ecological and the constructivist approaches to language learning, Sivasubramaniam (2011 p.53) views language as a creative instrument of meaning which ‘has the power to create meaning anew and afresh’ each time that someone uses it. The study makes use of the qualitative research method with a case study design that is placed within the interpretive paradigm. The data collected will be analysed through the use of critical discourse analysis. The findings from the study suggest some instrumental motivations to use English as LOLT which is informed by Language policy. Some of these motivations are: studying abroad, business with foreign investors and integrative motivations as the learner will be able to communicate with people from different countries. The study concludes that there is need for schools to stick to the English medium because this acts as an open door to the upward economic mobility among the previously disadvantaged. Based on this, it can be recommended that schools stick to English first additional language as their language of teaching and learning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Langa, Phakama Perry Macmillan
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Technical education -- Curricula Vocational education -- Curricula Curriculum planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5391 , vital:29229
- Description: This study investigates the implementation of Language in Education Policy (LiEP) in learning and teaching in grades six from two schools. It critically examines the teachers’ practices and experiences towards English as the language of learning and teaching (LoLT) at two different primary schools from the eMalahleni in the Lady Frere Education District in the Eastern Cape. The study is guided by the fact that most learners use their mother tongue (isiXhosa) in classroom as well as outside classroom contexts. Furthermore, some teachers use the translation method of teaching language as they code-switch to their home language when teaching content subjects as well as English. Despite this practice in class, learners are expected to answer their test and examination questions in English. Theoretically, this study is underpinned by the constructivist view of language learning (Gaserfeld, 2003) and English as an international language (Sivasubramaniam, 2011). On the basis of the ecological and the constructivist approaches to language learning, Sivasubramaniam (2011 p.53) views language as a creative instrument of meaning which ‘has the power to create meaning anew and afresh’ each time that someone uses it. The study makes use of the qualitative research method with a case study design that is placed within the interpretive paradigm. The data collected will be analysed through the use of critical discourse analysis. The findings from the study suggest some instrumental motivations to use English as LOLT which is informed by Language policy. Some of these motivations are: studying abroad, business with foreign investors and integrative motivations as the learner will be able to communicate with people from different countries. The study concludes that there is need for schools to stick to the English medium because this acts as an open door to the upward economic mobility among the previously disadvantaged. Based on this, it can be recommended that schools stick to English first additional language as their language of teaching and learning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Assessment of water quality based on diatom indices in a small temperate river system, Kowie River, South Africa
- Dalu, Tatenda, Bere, Taurai, Froneman, P William
- Authors: Dalu, Tatenda , Bere, Taurai , Froneman, P William
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123896 , vital:35514 , http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v42i2.02
- Description: This study aimed to assess the impact of land use patterns on water quality and benthic diatom community structure and to test the applicability of diatom indices developed in other regions of the world to a small temperate southern African river system. Sampling was conducted at eight study sites along the length of the river on four separate occasions. Multivariate data analyses were performed on the diatom community dataset to specify the main gradients of floristic variation and to detect and visualize similarities in diatom samples in relation to land-use patterns within the catchment. One hundred and twelve (112) diatom species belonging to 36 genera were recorded during the study. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) demonstrated that variations in the benthic diatom community structure were best explained by ammonium, nitrate, conductivity, pH, temperature, resistivity and water flow. OMNIDIA was used for calculation of selected diatom water quality indices. A number of the indices, e.g., the trophic diatom index (TDI), eutrophication/pollution index and biological index of water quality (BIWQ), either under- or over-estimated the water quality of the system. With few exceptions, there were no significant correlations (p> 0.05) between the diatom indices’ values and the nutrient variables. The absence of any significant correlations between the diatom indices’ values and selected physico-chemical variables suggests that indices developed in other regions of the world may not be suitable for temperate southern African rivers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Dalu, Tatenda , Bere, Taurai , Froneman, P William
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123896 , vital:35514 , http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v42i2.02
- Description: This study aimed to assess the impact of land use patterns on water quality and benthic diatom community structure and to test the applicability of diatom indices developed in other regions of the world to a small temperate southern African river system. Sampling was conducted at eight study sites along the length of the river on four separate occasions. Multivariate data analyses were performed on the diatom community dataset to specify the main gradients of floristic variation and to detect and visualize similarities in diatom samples in relation to land-use patterns within the catchment. One hundred and twelve (112) diatom species belonging to 36 genera were recorded during the study. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) demonstrated that variations in the benthic diatom community structure were best explained by ammonium, nitrate, conductivity, pH, temperature, resistivity and water flow. OMNIDIA was used for calculation of selected diatom water quality indices. A number of the indices, e.g., the trophic diatom index (TDI), eutrophication/pollution index and biological index of water quality (BIWQ), either under- or over-estimated the water quality of the system. With few exceptions, there were no significant correlations (p> 0.05) between the diatom indices’ values and the nutrient variables. The absence of any significant correlations between the diatom indices’ values and selected physico-chemical variables suggests that indices developed in other regions of the world may not be suitable for temperate southern African rivers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Assimilation of organic and inorganic nutrients by Erica root fungi from the fynbos ecosystem
- Bizabani, Christine, Dames, Joanna F
- Authors: Bizabani, Christine , Dames, Joanna F
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/444079 , vital:74183 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.11.006
- Description: Erica dominate the fynbos ecosystem, which is characterized by acidic soils that are rich in organic matter. The ericaceae associate with ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi for survival. In this study fungal biomass accumulation in vitro was used to determine nutrient utilisation of various inorganic and organic substrates. This is an initial step towards establishment of the ecological roles of typical ERM fungi and other root fungi associated with Erica plants, with regard to host nutrition. Meliniomyces sp., Acremonium implicatum, Leohumicola sp., Cryptosporiopsis erica, Oidiodendron maius and an unidentified Helotiales fungus were selected from fungi previously isolated and identified from Erica roots. Sole nitrogen sources ammonium, nitrate, arginine and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) were tested. Meliniomyces and Leohumicola species were able to utilise BSA effectively. Phosphorus nutrition was tested using orthophosphate, sodium inositol hexaphosphate and DNA. Most isolates preferred orthophosphate. Meliniomyces sp. and A. implicatum were able to accumulate significant biomass using DNA. Carbon utilisation was tested using glucose, cellobiose, carboxymethylcellulose, pectin and tannic acid substrates. All fungal isolates produced high biomass on glucose and cellobiose. The ability to utilize organic nutrient sources in culture, illustrates their potential role of these fungi in host nutrition in the fynbos ecosystem.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Bizabani, Christine , Dames, Joanna F
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/444079 , vital:74183 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.11.006
- Description: Erica dominate the fynbos ecosystem, which is characterized by acidic soils that are rich in organic matter. The ericaceae associate with ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi for survival. In this study fungal biomass accumulation in vitro was used to determine nutrient utilisation of various inorganic and organic substrates. This is an initial step towards establishment of the ecological roles of typical ERM fungi and other root fungi associated with Erica plants, with regard to host nutrition. Meliniomyces sp., Acremonium implicatum, Leohumicola sp., Cryptosporiopsis erica, Oidiodendron maius and an unidentified Helotiales fungus were selected from fungi previously isolated and identified from Erica roots. Sole nitrogen sources ammonium, nitrate, arginine and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) were tested. Meliniomyces and Leohumicola species were able to utilise BSA effectively. Phosphorus nutrition was tested using orthophosphate, sodium inositol hexaphosphate and DNA. Most isolates preferred orthophosphate. Meliniomyces sp. and A. implicatum were able to accumulate significant biomass using DNA. Carbon utilisation was tested using glucose, cellobiose, carboxymethylcellulose, pectin and tannic acid substrates. All fungal isolates produced high biomass on glucose and cellobiose. The ability to utilize organic nutrient sources in culture, illustrates their potential role of these fungi in host nutrition in the fynbos ecosystem.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Audit, investigation, search, seizure and access to information
- Arendse, Jacqueline A, Clegg, David, Williams, Robert C
- Authors: Arendse, Jacqueline A , Clegg, David , Williams, Robert C
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/131245 , vital:36541 , https://store.lexisnexis.co.za/products/silke-on-tax-administration-skuZASKUPG1440
- Description: Chapter 5 of the Tax Administration Act, which supplements the various fiscal statutes, empowers SARS to call for information on taxpayers, conduct audits, investigations and in certain instances to search premises and seize goods and records. For this purpose, taxpayers are required to keep proper books and records (see § 8.2 and § 4). The purpose of a tax audit is to verify the accuracy and timing of an assessment, but more specifically to ensure accuracy and full disclosure in terms of the law. In the event that an audit reveals non-compliance, criminal and/or civil charges may be initiated by SARS (see § 8.5).
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Arendse, Jacqueline A , Clegg, David , Williams, Robert C
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/131245 , vital:36541 , https://store.lexisnexis.co.za/products/silke-on-tax-administration-skuZASKUPG1440
- Description: Chapter 5 of the Tax Administration Act, which supplements the various fiscal statutes, empowers SARS to call for information on taxpayers, conduct audits, investigations and in certain instances to search premises and seize goods and records. For this purpose, taxpayers are required to keep proper books and records (see § 8.2 and § 4). The purpose of a tax audit is to verify the accuracy and timing of an assessment, but more specifically to ensure accuracy and full disclosure in terms of the law. In the event that an audit reveals non-compliance, criminal and/or civil charges may be initiated by SARS (see § 8.5).
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
Auditory processing problems within the inclusive foundation phase classroom: an exploration of teachers' experiences
- Authors: Deysel, Sanet
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Inclusive education , Early childhood special education , Early childhood teachers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6834 , vital:21152
- Description: The Salamanca Statement (UNESCO, 1994) called upon all governments to implement inclusive education, ensuring that all learners with barriers to learning are included in the educational system. South Africa as a cosignatory to this global call responded with the implementation of the South African Education White Paper 6 (Department of Education, 2001) where the principles and foundations towards inclusive education were stipulated. It was expected of teachers to be able to accommodate learners with barriers to learning in their classrooms (Dednam, 2009, p. 371), although Ntombela and Green (2013, p. 2) state that teachers are not equipped to work with learners with specific disabilities. Learners present with various barriers to learning and these barriers pose problems and challenges in the classroom. One of these problems in the classroom is learners presenting with Auditory Processing Disorder. This qualitative study employed phenomenology as the research design. Through the use of memory work, drawings and focus group discussions as data production tools, the five Foundation Phase teachers’ experiences regarding learners presenting with Auditory Processing Disorder in the inclusive classroom, were explored. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model was used to make meaning of the findings of the study. The findings of the study indicate that teachers are torn between the expectations of global and national policies regarding inclusive education and the management and support of learners presenting with Auditory Processing Disorder in their classrooms. Various challenges and problems arise with the inclusion of learners presenting with Auditory Processing Disorder in the classroom. The findings of the study were used to formulate guidelines to support Foundation Phase teachers working with learners presenting with auditory processing problems as well as policy suggestions for the Department of Basic Education. The Department of Basic Education should revise the implementation of CAPS to include the necessary adaptations for learners presenting with Auditory Processing Disorder; and also provide teacher assistants in Foundation Phase classrooms to enable the full inclusion of all learners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Deysel, Sanet
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Inclusive education , Early childhood special education , Early childhood teachers
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6834 , vital:21152
- Description: The Salamanca Statement (UNESCO, 1994) called upon all governments to implement inclusive education, ensuring that all learners with barriers to learning are included in the educational system. South Africa as a cosignatory to this global call responded with the implementation of the South African Education White Paper 6 (Department of Education, 2001) where the principles and foundations towards inclusive education were stipulated. It was expected of teachers to be able to accommodate learners with barriers to learning in their classrooms (Dednam, 2009, p. 371), although Ntombela and Green (2013, p. 2) state that teachers are not equipped to work with learners with specific disabilities. Learners present with various barriers to learning and these barriers pose problems and challenges in the classroom. One of these problems in the classroom is learners presenting with Auditory Processing Disorder. This qualitative study employed phenomenology as the research design. Through the use of memory work, drawings and focus group discussions as data production tools, the five Foundation Phase teachers’ experiences regarding learners presenting with Auditory Processing Disorder in the inclusive classroom, were explored. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model was used to make meaning of the findings of the study. The findings of the study indicate that teachers are torn between the expectations of global and national policies regarding inclusive education and the management and support of learners presenting with Auditory Processing Disorder in their classrooms. Various challenges and problems arise with the inclusion of learners presenting with Auditory Processing Disorder in the classroom. The findings of the study were used to formulate guidelines to support Foundation Phase teachers working with learners presenting with auditory processing problems as well as policy suggestions for the Department of Basic Education. The Department of Basic Education should revise the implementation of CAPS to include the necessary adaptations for learners presenting with Auditory Processing Disorder; and also provide teacher assistants in Foundation Phase classrooms to enable the full inclusion of all learners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
A memory work project for Marikana
- Authors: Snyman, Emile Alexander
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Monuments -- South Africa -- Rustenburg Memorials -- South Africa -- Rustenburg
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38885 , vital:35010
- Description: This treatise suggests one possible strategy for engaging the memory of the Marikana Massacre through different representational modes. Part 1 of this treatise takes the form of the research conducted, which was explorative in nature and focused on coming to an understanding of collective memory, the role of monuments and memorials within this process, the contemporary South African memorial landscape and the events that transpired at Marikana between 9 and 16 August 2012 and what their historical significance may be. As it was found that strikes featuring on the platinum belt were not only related to wage issues, Marikana as a settlement within the context of South Africa’s platinum belt was further investigated in order to highlight what the multiple challenges and issues are with which communities are faced on a daily basis. Part 2 sets out the strategy of a memory work project for Marikana which involves three components, namely a web- and phone-based application called ‘Remembering Marikana’ which provides a discursive arena for the politics of memory, a memorial for the victims of the Marikana Massacre at Thaba (Marikana Mountain) which facilitates annual commemoration of the massacre, and the design of a Mgcineni Noki Memorial Sports Centre, a community institution which embodies the values of the strike leaders and makes a positive contribution to the impoverished urban economy of the Wonderkop neighbourhood in Marikana.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Snyman, Emile Alexander
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Monuments -- South Africa -- Rustenburg Memorials -- South Africa -- Rustenburg
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38885 , vital:35010
- Description: This treatise suggests one possible strategy for engaging the memory of the Marikana Massacre through different representational modes. Part 1 of this treatise takes the form of the research conducted, which was explorative in nature and focused on coming to an understanding of collective memory, the role of monuments and memorials within this process, the contemporary South African memorial landscape and the events that transpired at Marikana between 9 and 16 August 2012 and what their historical significance may be. As it was found that strikes featuring on the platinum belt were not only related to wage issues, Marikana as a settlement within the context of South Africa’s platinum belt was further investigated in order to highlight what the multiple challenges and issues are with which communities are faced on a daily basis. Part 2 sets out the strategy of a memory work project for Marikana which involves three components, namely a web- and phone-based application called ‘Remembering Marikana’ which provides a discursive arena for the politics of memory, a memorial for the victims of the Marikana Massacre at Thaba (Marikana Mountain) which facilitates annual commemoration of the massacre, and the design of a Mgcineni Noki Memorial Sports Centre, a community institution which embodies the values of the strike leaders and makes a positive contribution to the impoverished urban economy of the Wonderkop neighbourhood in Marikana.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Back to the future: revival, relevance and route of an anarchist/syndicalist approach for twenty-first-century left, labour and national liberation movements
- Authors: Van der Walt, Lucien
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144812 , vital:38381 , DOI: 10.1080/02589001.2016.1235365
- Description: The failings of classical Marxism, social democracy and anti-imperialist nationalism point to the need for a radical left politics at a distance from the state. This paper examines the impact, revival and promise of the anarchist/syndicalist tradition, a rich, continuous praxis in labour, left, anti-imperialist, anti-racist and egalitarian movements, worldwide, since the 1860s. Outlining its core ideas – anti-hierarchy, anti-capitalism, anti-statism, opposition to social and economic inequality, internationalist class-based mobilisation – and critique of mainstream Marxism and nationalism, it highlights the arguments there is a basic incompatibility between state rule, and bottom-up, egalitarian, democratic, socialist relationships. The anarchist/syndicalist project cannot be reduced to an organising style, protest politics or spontaneism: for it, transition to a just, self-managed society requires organised popular capacity for a revolutionary rupture, developed through prefigurative, class-based, democratic organs of counter-power, including syndicalist unions aiming at collectivised property, and revolutionary counter-culture. Success needs formal organisation, unified strategy and anarchist / syndicalist political organisations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Van der Walt, Lucien
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144812 , vital:38381 , DOI: 10.1080/02589001.2016.1235365
- Description: The failings of classical Marxism, social democracy and anti-imperialist nationalism point to the need for a radical left politics at a distance from the state. This paper examines the impact, revival and promise of the anarchist/syndicalist tradition, a rich, continuous praxis in labour, left, anti-imperialist, anti-racist and egalitarian movements, worldwide, since the 1860s. Outlining its core ideas – anti-hierarchy, anti-capitalism, anti-statism, opposition to social and economic inequality, internationalist class-based mobilisation – and critique of mainstream Marxism and nationalism, it highlights the arguments there is a basic incompatibility between state rule, and bottom-up, egalitarian, democratic, socialist relationships. The anarchist/syndicalist project cannot be reduced to an organising style, protest politics or spontaneism: for it, transition to a just, self-managed society requires organised popular capacity for a revolutionary rupture, developed through prefigurative, class-based, democratic organs of counter-power, including syndicalist unions aiming at collectivised property, and revolutionary counter-culture. Success needs formal organisation, unified strategy and anarchist / syndicalist political organisations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Bayesian accelerated life tests: exponential and Weibull models
- Authors: Izally, Sharkay Ruwade
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3003 , vital:20351
- Description: Reliability life testing is used for life data analysis in which samples are tested under normal conditions to obtain failure time data for reliability assessment. It can be costly and time consuming to obtain failure time data under normal operating conditions if the mean time to failure of a product is long. An alternative is to use failure time data from an accelerated life test (ALT) to extrapolate the reliability under normal conditions. In accelerated life testing, the units are placed under a higher than normal stress condition such as voltage, current, pressure, temperature, to make the items fail in a shorter period of time. The failure information is then transformed through an accelerated model commonly known as the time transformation function, to predict the reliability under normal operating conditions. The power law will be used as the time transformation function in this thesis. We will first consider a Bayesian inference model under the assumption that the underlying life distribution in the accelerated life test is exponentially distributed. The maximal data information (MDI) prior, the Ghosh Mergel and Liu (GML) prior and the Jeffreys prior will be derived for the exponential distribution. The propriety of the posterior distributions will be investigated. Results will be compared when using these non-informative priors in a simulation study by looking at the posterior variances. The Weibull distribution as the underlying life distribution in the accelerated life test will also be investigated. The maximal data information prior will be derived for the Weibull distribution using the power law. The uniform prior and a mixture of Gamma and uniform priors will be considered. The propriety of these posteriors will also be investigated. The predictive reliability at the use-stress will be computed for these models. The deviance information criterion will be used to compare these priors. As a result of using a time transformation function, Bayesian inference becomes analytically intractable and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods will be used to alleviate this problem. The Metropolis-Hastings algorithm will be used to sample from the posteriors for the exponential model in the accelerated life test. The adaptive rejection sampling method will be used to sample from the posterior distributions when the Weibull model is considered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Izally, Sharkay Ruwade
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3003 , vital:20351
- Description: Reliability life testing is used for life data analysis in which samples are tested under normal conditions to obtain failure time data for reliability assessment. It can be costly and time consuming to obtain failure time data under normal operating conditions if the mean time to failure of a product is long. An alternative is to use failure time data from an accelerated life test (ALT) to extrapolate the reliability under normal conditions. In accelerated life testing, the units are placed under a higher than normal stress condition such as voltage, current, pressure, temperature, to make the items fail in a shorter period of time. The failure information is then transformed through an accelerated model commonly known as the time transformation function, to predict the reliability under normal operating conditions. The power law will be used as the time transformation function in this thesis. We will first consider a Bayesian inference model under the assumption that the underlying life distribution in the accelerated life test is exponentially distributed. The maximal data information (MDI) prior, the Ghosh Mergel and Liu (GML) prior and the Jeffreys prior will be derived for the exponential distribution. The propriety of the posterior distributions will be investigated. Results will be compared when using these non-informative priors in a simulation study by looking at the posterior variances. The Weibull distribution as the underlying life distribution in the accelerated life test will also be investigated. The maximal data information prior will be derived for the Weibull distribution using the power law. The uniform prior and a mixture of Gamma and uniform priors will be considered. The propriety of these posteriors will also be investigated. The predictive reliability at the use-stress will be computed for these models. The deviance information criterion will be used to compare these priors. As a result of using a time transformation function, Bayesian inference becomes analytically intractable and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods will be used to alleviate this problem. The Metropolis-Hastings algorithm will be used to sample from the posteriors for the exponential model in the accelerated life test. The adaptive rejection sampling method will be used to sample from the posterior distributions when the Weibull model is considered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Behaviour and trophic ecology of oceanic triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata) and rainbow runner (Elagatis bipinnulata) associated with floating objects in the open ocean
- Forget, Fabien Rocky Gilbert
- Authors: Forget, Fabien Rocky Gilbert
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193531 , vital:45340
- Description: The oceanic triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata) and rainbow runner (Elagatis bipinnulata) are epipelagic species that commonly associate with floating objects throughout the world’s tropical oceans. Besides tunas, these two species often form the bulk of the aggregation and are major non-target species (bycatch) incidentally captured at fish aggregation devices (FADs) by tropical tuna purse seiners. Despite being abundant, little is known about their basic biology, ecology and associative behavior with floating objects. This thesis aims to address knowledge gaps in their associative behavior and ecology at floating objects and attempts to explore potential bycatch mitigation methods. Acoustic telemetry was used to characterise several aspects of the two species’ behavior at floating objects. Fish were captured and tagged at drifting FADs in the core of the western Indian Ocean tuna fishing grounds. Prolonged remote observations were obtained through satellite linked receivers which provided fine-scale data on the behavior of oceanic triggerfish (n= 46 919 cumulated observation days) and rainbow runner (n= 24 538 cumulated observation days). The two species remained associated with the same floating object for periods extending up to several months. The mean residence time estimated using a survival analysis was 65 days for oceanic triggerfish and 94 days for rainbow runner. A distinct diel pattern in association was observed; the two species were closely associated to the FAD during the night and increased their home range during the day while performing short excursions (oceanic triggerfish mean: 2.0 hours ±1.6 SD; rainbow runner mean: 2.4 hours ±2.2 SD) away from the FAD. Similarly, distinct patterns in the vertical movements and locomotory activity (measured using accelerometer tags) were observed as the two species increased their vertical movements and activity levels during the day. Generally, their vertical movements were largely restricted to the mixed layer (< 60 m). At night, the two species remained close to the surface (0-5 m) where they appear to be in a resting state. An interesting behavioural switch in activity levels and vertical distribution was observed for oceanic triggerfish which coincided with a change in the environment as the FAD drifted close to a cold-core cyclonic eddy. Ambient light appears to be the key stimulus triggering the observed diel behavioural patterns. species-specific vulnerability for target species, skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin (Thunnus albacares), bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and non-target species, including silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis), oceanic triggerfish, and rainbow runner, to the purse seine fishing gear were investigated. Hourly presence rates at FADs over 24 hours were examined to assess whether the capture rate of non-target species could be reduced at specific times during the day. Silky sharks displayed a similar associative pattern to that of targeted tunas. Moreover, the vulnerability of both target and non-target species were close to the maximum during the period of behavioural transitions at sunrise when the majority of the fishing sets are made. As such, a change in set time in the western Indian Ocean does not appear to be a feasible method to reduce capture rates of non-target species. Stomach content and stable isotope analysis were conducted on oceanic triggerfish (stomach n = 152, isotope n = 65) and rainbow runner (stomach n = 156, isotope n = 71) incidentally captured individuals at FADs by purse seiners. Typical FAD-associated prey items represented a minor component of their diet as they predominantly foraged on zooplankton and micronekton in the water column, suggesting that oceanic triggerfish and rainbow runner do not associate to floating objects for direct trophic advantages. Overlap in their dietary and isotopic niches indicates an intermediate level of competition. Overall, the spatial and trophic ecology of both species are remarkably similar and prolonged associations with FADs indicates that floating objects play a significant ecological role in the pelagic environment for the two species. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2016
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Forget, Fabien Rocky Gilbert
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/193531 , vital:45340
- Description: The oceanic triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata) and rainbow runner (Elagatis bipinnulata) are epipelagic species that commonly associate with floating objects throughout the world’s tropical oceans. Besides tunas, these two species often form the bulk of the aggregation and are major non-target species (bycatch) incidentally captured at fish aggregation devices (FADs) by tropical tuna purse seiners. Despite being abundant, little is known about their basic biology, ecology and associative behavior with floating objects. This thesis aims to address knowledge gaps in their associative behavior and ecology at floating objects and attempts to explore potential bycatch mitigation methods. Acoustic telemetry was used to characterise several aspects of the two species’ behavior at floating objects. Fish were captured and tagged at drifting FADs in the core of the western Indian Ocean tuna fishing grounds. Prolonged remote observations were obtained through satellite linked receivers which provided fine-scale data on the behavior of oceanic triggerfish (n= 46 919 cumulated observation days) and rainbow runner (n= 24 538 cumulated observation days). The two species remained associated with the same floating object for periods extending up to several months. The mean residence time estimated using a survival analysis was 65 days for oceanic triggerfish and 94 days for rainbow runner. A distinct diel pattern in association was observed; the two species were closely associated to the FAD during the night and increased their home range during the day while performing short excursions (oceanic triggerfish mean: 2.0 hours ±1.6 SD; rainbow runner mean: 2.4 hours ±2.2 SD) away from the FAD. Similarly, distinct patterns in the vertical movements and locomotory activity (measured using accelerometer tags) were observed as the two species increased their vertical movements and activity levels during the day. Generally, their vertical movements were largely restricted to the mixed layer (< 60 m). At night, the two species remained close to the surface (0-5 m) where they appear to be in a resting state. An interesting behavioural switch in activity levels and vertical distribution was observed for oceanic triggerfish which coincided with a change in the environment as the FAD drifted close to a cold-core cyclonic eddy. Ambient light appears to be the key stimulus triggering the observed diel behavioural patterns. species-specific vulnerability for target species, skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin (Thunnus albacares), bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and non-target species, including silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis), oceanic triggerfish, and rainbow runner, to the purse seine fishing gear were investigated. Hourly presence rates at FADs over 24 hours were examined to assess whether the capture rate of non-target species could be reduced at specific times during the day. Silky sharks displayed a similar associative pattern to that of targeted tunas. Moreover, the vulnerability of both target and non-target species were close to the maximum during the period of behavioural transitions at sunrise when the majority of the fishing sets are made. As such, a change in set time in the western Indian Ocean does not appear to be a feasible method to reduce capture rates of non-target species. Stomach content and stable isotope analysis were conducted on oceanic triggerfish (stomach n = 152, isotope n = 65) and rainbow runner (stomach n = 156, isotope n = 71) incidentally captured individuals at FADs by purse seiners. Typical FAD-associated prey items represented a minor component of their diet as they predominantly foraged on zooplankton and micronekton in the water column, suggesting that oceanic triggerfish and rainbow runner do not associate to floating objects for direct trophic advantages. Overlap in their dietary and isotopic niches indicates an intermediate level of competition. Overall, the spatial and trophic ecology of both species are remarkably similar and prolonged associations with FADs indicates that floating objects play a significant ecological role in the pelagic environment for the two species. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2016
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Being a black mine worker in South Africa: the case of Anglo Platinum Mine
- Authors: Maseko, Robert
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/651 , vital:19978
- Description: This thesis presents a decolonial perspective on the experience of being a black mineworker in post-apartheid South Africa with specific reference to the Platinum Belt. It seeks to understand what it means to be a black mineworker by unmasking and analysing the existence and prevalence of coloniality in contemporary South Africa despite the end of formal colonialism (i.e. apartheid). As a world-wide system, coloniality has different dimensions which all speak to and highlight continuities between the period of colonialism and the post-colonial period. These dimensions are coloniality of power, coloniality of being and coloniality of knowledge. The power structure of coloniality produces and reproduces the identity of the black mineworker in present-day South Africa as a sub-ontological being devoid of an authentic humanity such that the mineworker is depicted as incapable of rational thought and knowledge. The existential condition of the black mineworker is symptomatic of the generic experience of being a racialised subject of colour in the current global power structure predicated on the dominance and hegemony of Western-centred modernity. The black mineworker exists on the darker side of Western-centred modernity, living a life of wretchedness and continuing to suffer the colonial wound in the absence of formal colonialism and apartheid. The mineworker is disposable and dispensable and lives and works in the shadow of death. In pursuing this course of reasoning, I deploy the epistemic method of ‘shifting the geography of reason’ in order to read the experience of mineworkers in South Africa from the locus of enunciation of the oppressed subject within the scheme of a colonial power differential based on a hierarchy of humanity. This method allows me to speak with and from the perspective of the black mineworkers in the Platinum Belt as opposed to speaking for and about them. I reach the conclusion that being a platinum mineworker in post-apartheid South Africa is a racial and market determined identity of colonialised subjectivity that relegates the dominated subject (the black mineworker) to the realm of the subhuman. In setting the context for this claim, I trace the origins and development of the black mineworker in South Africa with reference to historical processes such as dispossession and proletarianisation. Empirically, the thesis is rooted in a contemporary case study of mainly Anglo Platinum Mine, which involved comprehensive fieldwork focusing on the present lived realities of platinum mineworkers. The dignity and humanity of these black mineworkers has still not returned despite twenty years of democratic rule in South Africa, such that race remains a crucial organising principle in postapartheid South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Maseko, Robert
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/651 , vital:19978
- Description: This thesis presents a decolonial perspective on the experience of being a black mineworker in post-apartheid South Africa with specific reference to the Platinum Belt. It seeks to understand what it means to be a black mineworker by unmasking and analysing the existence and prevalence of coloniality in contemporary South Africa despite the end of formal colonialism (i.e. apartheid). As a world-wide system, coloniality has different dimensions which all speak to and highlight continuities between the period of colonialism and the post-colonial period. These dimensions are coloniality of power, coloniality of being and coloniality of knowledge. The power structure of coloniality produces and reproduces the identity of the black mineworker in present-day South Africa as a sub-ontological being devoid of an authentic humanity such that the mineworker is depicted as incapable of rational thought and knowledge. The existential condition of the black mineworker is symptomatic of the generic experience of being a racialised subject of colour in the current global power structure predicated on the dominance and hegemony of Western-centred modernity. The black mineworker exists on the darker side of Western-centred modernity, living a life of wretchedness and continuing to suffer the colonial wound in the absence of formal colonialism and apartheid. The mineworker is disposable and dispensable and lives and works in the shadow of death. In pursuing this course of reasoning, I deploy the epistemic method of ‘shifting the geography of reason’ in order to read the experience of mineworkers in South Africa from the locus of enunciation of the oppressed subject within the scheme of a colonial power differential based on a hierarchy of humanity. This method allows me to speak with and from the perspective of the black mineworkers in the Platinum Belt as opposed to speaking for and about them. I reach the conclusion that being a platinum mineworker in post-apartheid South Africa is a racial and market determined identity of colonialised subjectivity that relegates the dominated subject (the black mineworker) to the realm of the subhuman. In setting the context for this claim, I trace the origins and development of the black mineworker in South Africa with reference to historical processes such as dispossession and proletarianisation. Empirically, the thesis is rooted in a contemporary case study of mainly Anglo Platinum Mine, which involved comprehensive fieldwork focusing on the present lived realities of platinum mineworkers. The dignity and humanity of these black mineworkers has still not returned despite twenty years of democratic rule in South Africa, such that race remains a crucial organising principle in postapartheid South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Being civil
- Matshoba, Zongezile Theophilus
- Authors: Matshoba, Zongezile Theophilus
- Date: 2016
- Language: English , Xhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:6017 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021237
- Description: My collection of short stories delves into government and governance, democracy, citizenship, civil servants, poverty, corruption and nepotism. My stories draw on the traditions of gritty urban crime fiction uncovering crimes of violence, service delivery, vandalism and corruption. They explore themes of mental cruelty and greed, self- preservation and community in rural areas, farms, townships and cities characterized by wrenching contradictions and inequalities. , This epic dramatic poetic verse delves into government and school governance, labour unions, liberation struggle, parenting and a wide range of school perceptions. It interrogates the roles of parents, teachers, students, department of education officials and that of other stakeholders that make use of schools. Influenced by William Wellington Gqoba’s ‘A great debate on education: a Parable’ wayback, it continues the education debate in the current post-democratic South Africa characterized by wrenching contradictions and inequalities. , This thesis is presented in two parts: English and isiXhosa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Matshoba, Zongezile Theophilus
- Date: 2016
- Language: English , Xhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:6017 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021237
- Description: My collection of short stories delves into government and governance, democracy, citizenship, civil servants, poverty, corruption and nepotism. My stories draw on the traditions of gritty urban crime fiction uncovering crimes of violence, service delivery, vandalism and corruption. They explore themes of mental cruelty and greed, self- preservation and community in rural areas, farms, townships and cities characterized by wrenching contradictions and inequalities. , This epic dramatic poetic verse delves into government and school governance, labour unions, liberation struggle, parenting and a wide range of school perceptions. It interrogates the roles of parents, teachers, students, department of education officials and that of other stakeholders that make use of schools. Influenced by William Wellington Gqoba’s ‘A great debate on education: a Parable’ wayback, it continues the education debate in the current post-democratic South Africa characterized by wrenching contradictions and inequalities. , This thesis is presented in two parts: English and isiXhosa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Being for the Other: Surveillance and Depictions of Race, Gender, and Animals in Contemporary South African Fiction
- Authors: Laue, Kharys Ateh
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3848 , vital:20549
- Description: This thesis examines the depiction, in contemporary South African fiction, of irresponsibility and responsibility in relation to the raced, gendered, and animal Other. Through a close analysis of Jeremy Bentham’s Panopticon prison and Michel Foucault’s study of this design, I establish the notion of disciplinary surveillance or panopticism. This I take to be a mode of power that seeks, by means of an invisible gaze, to render its subjects docile. In my readings of J. M. Coetzee’s Waiting for the Barbarians, Zoë Wicomb’s Playing in the Light, Justin Cartwright’s White Lightning, and selected short stories from Wicomb’s You Can’t Get Lost in Cape Town and The One That Got Away, I demonstrate that oppressive authoritarian regimes are rooted in Benthamic principles of hyper-visibility and concealment. Disciplinary power, I contend, is effective precisely because it places an individual in a constant state of Being-for-Others, a term coined by Jean-Paul Sartre to describe the experience of objectification through another’s look. Judith Butler’s concept of gender performativity and W. E. B. Du Bois’s notion of black double consciousness frame my examination of, respectively, gender and racial oppression, while my discussion of animals appeals to Jacques Derrida’s work on the non-human. I show how surveillance, in each of the selected texts, functions through a racist and/or sexist and/or speciesist gaze that facilitates violent, irresponsible relationships with the human and non-human Other. The texts under discussion, however, also depict ways in which the Other actively resists and subverts regimes of oppression, often by means of a counter gaze that compels the protagonist, or the reader, to take up responsibility for Others. Ultimately, my study concludes that the fictional works of Coetzee, Wicomb, and Cartwright offer an ethics of empathetic responsibility, which I term Being for the Other, in opposition to mechanisms of disciplinary surveillance that seek to oppress, conceal, and dominate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Laue, Kharys Ateh
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3848 , vital:20549
- Description: This thesis examines the depiction, in contemporary South African fiction, of irresponsibility and responsibility in relation to the raced, gendered, and animal Other. Through a close analysis of Jeremy Bentham’s Panopticon prison and Michel Foucault’s study of this design, I establish the notion of disciplinary surveillance or panopticism. This I take to be a mode of power that seeks, by means of an invisible gaze, to render its subjects docile. In my readings of J. M. Coetzee’s Waiting for the Barbarians, Zoë Wicomb’s Playing in the Light, Justin Cartwright’s White Lightning, and selected short stories from Wicomb’s You Can’t Get Lost in Cape Town and The One That Got Away, I demonstrate that oppressive authoritarian regimes are rooted in Benthamic principles of hyper-visibility and concealment. Disciplinary power, I contend, is effective precisely because it places an individual in a constant state of Being-for-Others, a term coined by Jean-Paul Sartre to describe the experience of objectification through another’s look. Judith Butler’s concept of gender performativity and W. E. B. Du Bois’s notion of black double consciousness frame my examination of, respectively, gender and racial oppression, while my discussion of animals appeals to Jacques Derrida’s work on the non-human. I show how surveillance, in each of the selected texts, functions through a racist and/or sexist and/or speciesist gaze that facilitates violent, irresponsible relationships with the human and non-human Other. The texts under discussion, however, also depict ways in which the Other actively resists and subverts regimes of oppression, often by means of a counter gaze that compels the protagonist, or the reader, to take up responsibility for Others. Ultimately, my study concludes that the fictional works of Coetzee, Wicomb, and Cartwright offer an ethics of empathetic responsibility, which I term Being for the Other, in opposition to mechanisms of disciplinary surveillance that seek to oppress, conceal, and dominate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Benzoyl isothiocyanates derived ligands as potential HIV-1 protease inhibitors and their reactions with gold ions
- Authors: Odame, Felix
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: HIV (Viruses) -- Enzymes Enzyme inhibitors -- Research , Pharmaceutical chemistry Biochemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33228 , vital:32585
- Description: The synthesis and evaluation of benzoyl isothiocyanate derivatives as potential HIV-1 protease inhibitors is presented. The ligands were first designed to fit the protease active site using Autodock 4.2. The design was based on the deNOVO method of drug design in which the active site coordinates from the crystal structure of protease bound to ritonavir was used. An attempt to access the scaffolds designed initially led to the formation of 2,2,4-trimethyl 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepin-5-ium isophthalate and 2-2-(3-methylphenyl-1Hbenzimidazole which could not be converted to the desired intermediate. A further attempt led to formation of amino acid and amino acid ester derivatives of benzoyl isothiocyanates which have been fully characterized and the reasons why the desired intermediates were not readily accessible explained. Scaffolds based on the benzoyl isothiocyanate derivatives of structurally diverse diamines were then screened. Sixty compounds have been synthesized and fully characterized using elemental analysis, spectroscopy, GC-MS and twenty-six crystal structures have been discussed. The DFT transition state studies of 11-phenyl- 1,8,10,12-tetraazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,5,9,11-pentaene-13-thione (20), N-(1Hbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzamide (21), 3-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-(benzoyl)thiourea (23), and N-[(9E)-8,10,17-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.011,16]heptadeca-1(17),2,4,6,11(16),12,14-heptaen-9-ylidene] benzamide (39), have been carried out and their detailed density functional theory reaction mechanism have be computed. The Bernly algorithm was used in the determination of saddle points (transtions states), and the intrinsic reaction coordinates leading to the determination of intermediates were traced and optimized to a global minimum or in some cases a local minimum was obtained. The cell viability tests of diamine derivatives which was done by exposing white blood cells to the compounds (inhibitors) at 37 °C and a pH of 7.4 showed that 1-(4-bromobenzoyl)-3-[2- ({[(4-bromophenyl)formamido]methanethioyl}amino)phenyl]thiourea (46), 1-(3-chloro benzoyl)-3-[2-({[(3-chlorophenyl)formamido]methanethioyl}amino)phenyl]thiourea (48), 1- (3-bromobenzoyl)-3-[2-({[(3-bromophenyl)formamido]methanethioyl}amino)phenyl] thiourea (49) and 3-benzoyl-1-(4-{[(phenylformamido)methanethioyl]amino}butyl)thiourea (54), in that group of compounds were cytotoxic with EC50 values of 17.04 ± 9.75 μM, 69.20± 38.16 μM, 35.90 ± 20.55 μM and 68.37 ± 26.45 μM, respectively. 4-Bromo-N-[(9E)-8,10,17-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.011,16]heptadeca-1(17),2,4,6,11(16),12,14-heptaen-9-ylidene] benzamide (32), 4-methoxy-N-[(9E)-8,10,17-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.011,16]heptadeca-1(17),2,4,6,11(16),12,14-heptaen-9-ylidene]benzamide (33) and 3-chloro-N-[(9E)-8,10,17-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.011,16]heptadeca-1(17),2,4,6,11(16),12,14-heptaen-9-ylidene] benzamide (37) were also cytotoxic giving EC50 values of 45.47 ± 21.92, 45.09 ±13.79 and 74.94 ± 13.17 μM, respectively. 3-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-(3-bromobenzoyl)thiourea (31) and 3-(1,3-benzothiazoyl-2-yl)-1-(4-nitrobenzoyl)thiourea (30) derivatives were also found to be cytotoxic with EC50 values of 1.207 ± 0.58 and 24.08 ±13.14 nM, respectively. 11-(4-Chlorophenyl-1,8,10, 12-tetraazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,5,9,11-pentaene-13-thione (12), 11-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,8,10,12-tetraazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,9,1-pentaene-13-thione (14), and 11-phenyl-1,8,10,12-tetraazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,5,9,11-pentaene-13-thione (20), were found to be cytotoxic giving EC50 values of 0.152 ± 0.051, 37.96 ± 21.87 and 5.28 ± 2.95 μM, respectively. In the enzyme inhibition studies compound 49 gave a percentage inhibition of 97.03 ± 10.61% at 100 μM, but the fact that it is cytoxic might make it less useful, whilst compounds 19 and 16 had a percentage inhibition of 59.57 ± 13.59% (4-nitro derivative) and 79.97 ± 11.97% (3-nitro derivative) respectively at 100 μM of inhibitor and 20 μM of enzyme (HIV-1 protease). The results suggests that the presence of the nitro group at position 3 (16) and 4 (19) leads to an increase in activity against HIV-1 protease.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Odame, Felix
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: HIV (Viruses) -- Enzymes Enzyme inhibitors -- Research , Pharmaceutical chemistry Biochemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33228 , vital:32585
- Description: The synthesis and evaluation of benzoyl isothiocyanate derivatives as potential HIV-1 protease inhibitors is presented. The ligands were first designed to fit the protease active site using Autodock 4.2. The design was based on the deNOVO method of drug design in which the active site coordinates from the crystal structure of protease bound to ritonavir was used. An attempt to access the scaffolds designed initially led to the formation of 2,2,4-trimethyl 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepin-5-ium isophthalate and 2-2-(3-methylphenyl-1Hbenzimidazole which could not be converted to the desired intermediate. A further attempt led to formation of amino acid and amino acid ester derivatives of benzoyl isothiocyanates which have been fully characterized and the reasons why the desired intermediates were not readily accessible explained. Scaffolds based on the benzoyl isothiocyanate derivatives of structurally diverse diamines were then screened. Sixty compounds have been synthesized and fully characterized using elemental analysis, spectroscopy, GC-MS and twenty-six crystal structures have been discussed. The DFT transition state studies of 11-phenyl- 1,8,10,12-tetraazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,5,9,11-pentaene-13-thione (20), N-(1Hbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzamide (21), 3-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-(benzoyl)thiourea (23), and N-[(9E)-8,10,17-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.011,16]heptadeca-1(17),2,4,6,11(16),12,14-heptaen-9-ylidene] benzamide (39), have been carried out and their detailed density functional theory reaction mechanism have be computed. The Bernly algorithm was used in the determination of saddle points (transtions states), and the intrinsic reaction coordinates leading to the determination of intermediates were traced and optimized to a global minimum or in some cases a local minimum was obtained. The cell viability tests of diamine derivatives which was done by exposing white blood cells to the compounds (inhibitors) at 37 °C and a pH of 7.4 showed that 1-(4-bromobenzoyl)-3-[2- ({[(4-bromophenyl)formamido]methanethioyl}amino)phenyl]thiourea (46), 1-(3-chloro benzoyl)-3-[2-({[(3-chlorophenyl)formamido]methanethioyl}amino)phenyl]thiourea (48), 1- (3-bromobenzoyl)-3-[2-({[(3-bromophenyl)formamido]methanethioyl}amino)phenyl] thiourea (49) and 3-benzoyl-1-(4-{[(phenylformamido)methanethioyl]amino}butyl)thiourea (54), in that group of compounds were cytotoxic with EC50 values of 17.04 ± 9.75 μM, 69.20± 38.16 μM, 35.90 ± 20.55 μM and 68.37 ± 26.45 μM, respectively. 4-Bromo-N-[(9E)-8,10,17-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.011,16]heptadeca-1(17),2,4,6,11(16),12,14-heptaen-9-ylidene] benzamide (32), 4-methoxy-N-[(9E)-8,10,17-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.011,16]heptadeca-1(17),2,4,6,11(16),12,14-heptaen-9-ylidene]benzamide (33) and 3-chloro-N-[(9E)-8,10,17-triazatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.011,16]heptadeca-1(17),2,4,6,11(16),12,14-heptaen-9-ylidene] benzamide (37) were also cytotoxic giving EC50 values of 45.47 ± 21.92, 45.09 ±13.79 and 74.94 ± 13.17 μM, respectively. 3-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-(3-bromobenzoyl)thiourea (31) and 3-(1,3-benzothiazoyl-2-yl)-1-(4-nitrobenzoyl)thiourea (30) derivatives were also found to be cytotoxic with EC50 values of 1.207 ± 0.58 and 24.08 ±13.14 nM, respectively. 11-(4-Chlorophenyl-1,8,10, 12-tetraazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,5,9,11-pentaene-13-thione (12), 11-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,8,10,12-tetraazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,9,1-pentaene-13-thione (14), and 11-phenyl-1,8,10,12-tetraazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,5,9,11-pentaene-13-thione (20), were found to be cytotoxic giving EC50 values of 0.152 ± 0.051, 37.96 ± 21.87 and 5.28 ± 2.95 μM, respectively. In the enzyme inhibition studies compound 49 gave a percentage inhibition of 97.03 ± 10.61% at 100 μM, but the fact that it is cytoxic might make it less useful, whilst compounds 19 and 16 had a percentage inhibition of 59.57 ± 13.59% (4-nitro derivative) and 79.97 ± 11.97% (3-nitro derivative) respectively at 100 μM of inhibitor and 20 μM of enzyme (HIV-1 protease). The results suggests that the presence of the nitro group at position 3 (16) and 4 (19) leads to an increase in activity against HIV-1 protease.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Beta decay of 100/400 Zr produced in neutron-induced fission of natural uranium
- Authors: Kamoto, Thokozani
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3024 , vital:20353
- Description: Fission fragments, produced by neutron bombardment of natural uranium at the Physics Department, Jyväskylä, Finland, are studied in this work. The data had been sorted into 25 Y — y coincidence matrices which were then analysed. In this work we aimed to identify the fission products using Y-Y coincidence analysis and then study the beta-decay of some of the fission products. Sixteen fission products ranging from A = 94 to A = 136 were identified. Out of these fission products beta decay of the A = 100 (100/40 Zr – 100/41 Nb – 100/42 Mo) chain was studied in greater detail. We have also studied the variation of the relative intensities as a function of time of the 159-, 528-, 600-, 768-, 928- and 1502-keV Y-rav lines in 100/42 Mo and the profiles of the relative intensities have been modelled with the variation of the activity of 100/41 Nb against time. Configuration assignments of 100 Zr and 100/42 Mo are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Kamoto, Thokozani
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3024 , vital:20353
- Description: Fission fragments, produced by neutron bombardment of natural uranium at the Physics Department, Jyväskylä, Finland, are studied in this work. The data had been sorted into 25 Y — y coincidence matrices which were then analysed. In this work we aimed to identify the fission products using Y-Y coincidence analysis and then study the beta-decay of some of the fission products. Sixteen fission products ranging from A = 94 to A = 136 were identified. Out of these fission products beta decay of the A = 100 (100/40 Zr – 100/41 Nb – 100/42 Mo) chain was studied in greater detail. We have also studied the variation of the relative intensities as a function of time of the 159-, 528-, 600-, 768-, 928- and 1502-keV Y-rav lines in 100/42 Mo and the profiles of the relative intensities have been modelled with the variation of the activity of 100/41 Nb against time. Configuration assignments of 100 Zr and 100/42 Mo are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Between sentences
- Authors: Thesen, Jo-Ann
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:6007 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1021215
- Description: My stories explore different forms, including flash fiction. Some use the fairy tale form to combine fiction and non-fiction in order to reach the essence of the story. In this I am influenced by Kate Bernheimer, who speaks of the “flatness, abstraction, intuitive logic and normalized magic” of traditional fairy tales. A number of stories are set in the places I worked as a newspaper reporter. Here I use my old press reports as starting points for the real or imagined story behind the news – often involving miscommunication, dominance, exploitation, the tension between isolation and belonging, and the nuances of family relationships.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Thesen, Jo-Ann
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:6007 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1021215
- Description: My stories explore different forms, including flash fiction. Some use the fairy tale form to combine fiction and non-fiction in order to reach the essence of the story. In this I am influenced by Kate Bernheimer, who speaks of the “flatness, abstraction, intuitive logic and normalized magic” of traditional fairy tales. A number of stories are set in the places I worked as a newspaper reporter. Here I use my old press reports as starting points for the real or imagined story behind the news – often involving miscommunication, dominance, exploitation, the tension between isolation and belonging, and the nuances of family relationships.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016