Social learning processes and nature-culture relations of commercial beekeeping practices as small and medium enterprise development in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Masara, Christopher
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/386545 , vital:68150 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122860"
- Description: This paper explores social learning processes and nature-culture relations in a context of transition from traditional to commercial beekeeping in Zimbabwe. The contours of social learning provided by Wals (2007) are used to probe the learning processes in the social interactions shaping an emerging community of commercial beekeepers and their small and medium enterprise development practices. The paper illustrates how the practice of engaging communities in participatory expansive learning research could benefit from more refined tools for understanding the open-ended contours of social learning interactions in relation to nature-culture relations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Masara, Christopher
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/386545 , vital:68150 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/122860"
- Description: This paper explores social learning processes and nature-culture relations in a context of transition from traditional to commercial beekeeping in Zimbabwe. The contours of social learning provided by Wals (2007) are used to probe the learning processes in the social interactions shaping an emerging community of commercial beekeepers and their small and medium enterprise development practices. The paper illustrates how the practice of engaging communities in participatory expansive learning research could benefit from more refined tools for understanding the open-ended contours of social learning interactions in relation to nature-culture relations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Probing electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of cobalt (II) and manganese (III) octakis (hexylthio) phthalocyanine as self-assembled monolayers
- Mashazi, Philani N, Antunes, Edith M, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Mashazi, Philani N , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/249115 , vital:51779 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S108842461000277X"
- Description: New peripherally (β) and non-peripherally (α) substituted metal octakis(hexylthio)phthalocyanines (β- and α-MOcHexTPc) containing cobalt and manganese as metal centers were synthesized. Their characterization using electrochemical methods showed that these complexes exhibit several redox processes at E1/2 (mV vs. Ag∣AgCl) = 380 (212) (I), 1140 (864) (II), -450 (-460) (III) and -1170 (-1304) (IV) for β- (α-) CoOcHexTPc. These redox processes were assigned to CoIIIPc-2/CoIIPc-2 (I), CoIIIPc-1/CoIIIPc-2 (II), CoIIPc-2/CoIPc-2 (III) and CoIPc-2/CoIPc-3 (IV) using spectroelectrochemistry. For the β- (α-) MnOcHexTPc complex the redox processes were observed at E1/2 (mV vs. Ag∣AgCl) = -20 (5) (I), -530 (-640) (II) and -1270 (-1380) (III) and were assigned to MnIIIPc-2/MnIIPc-2 (I), MnIIPc-2/MnIIPc-3 (II) and MnIIPc-3/MnIIPc-4 (III). Electrochemical and microscopic characterization using AFM showed that the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are formed on the gold surface using these complexes. The electrochemical characterization showed the blocking of the Faradaic processes at SAMs modified electrodes and these reactions are well-known to easily occur at unmodified gold electrodes. The AFM characterization showed an increase in surface roughness upon modifying the gold surface with MOcHexTPc SAMs, further confirming the presence of the monolayers on the gold surface. The MOcHexTPc SAMs were investigated for their electrocatalytic application towards H2O2 detection. The MOcHexTPc SAMs modified gold electrodes gave excellent currents for H2O2 detection. The observed H2O2 electrocatalytic reduction peaks were close to where the metal redox processes from the MOcHexTPc occurred, showing the involvement of the metal redox processes in the electrocatalytic mediation reactions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mashazi, Philani N , Antunes, Edith M , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/249115 , vital:51779 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S108842461000277X"
- Description: New peripherally (β) and non-peripherally (α) substituted metal octakis(hexylthio)phthalocyanines (β- and α-MOcHexTPc) containing cobalt and manganese as metal centers were synthesized. Their characterization using electrochemical methods showed that these complexes exhibit several redox processes at E1/2 (mV vs. Ag∣AgCl) = 380 (212) (I), 1140 (864) (II), -450 (-460) (III) and -1170 (-1304) (IV) for β- (α-) CoOcHexTPc. These redox processes were assigned to CoIIIPc-2/CoIIPc-2 (I), CoIIIPc-1/CoIIIPc-2 (II), CoIIPc-2/CoIPc-2 (III) and CoIPc-2/CoIPc-3 (IV) using spectroelectrochemistry. For the β- (α-) MnOcHexTPc complex the redox processes were observed at E1/2 (mV vs. Ag∣AgCl) = -20 (5) (I), -530 (-640) (II) and -1270 (-1380) (III) and were assigned to MnIIIPc-2/MnIIPc-2 (I), MnIIPc-2/MnIIPc-3 (II) and MnIIPc-3/MnIIPc-4 (III). Electrochemical and microscopic characterization using AFM showed that the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are formed on the gold surface using these complexes. The electrochemical characterization showed the blocking of the Faradaic processes at SAMs modified electrodes and these reactions are well-known to easily occur at unmodified gold electrodes. The AFM characterization showed an increase in surface roughness upon modifying the gold surface with MOcHexTPc SAMs, further confirming the presence of the monolayers on the gold surface. The MOcHexTPc SAMs were investigated for their electrocatalytic application towards H2O2 detection. The MOcHexTPc SAMs modified gold electrodes gave excellent currents for H2O2 detection. The observed H2O2 electrocatalytic reduction peaks were close to where the metal redox processes from the MOcHexTPc occurred, showing the involvement of the metal redox processes in the electrocatalytic mediation reactions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Electrocatalytic studies of covalently immobilized metal tetra-amino phthalocyanines onto derivatized screen-printed gold electrodes
- Mashazi, Philani N, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Mashazi, Philani N , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/249059 , vital:51774 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-010-0438-6"
- Description: Metal tetra-amino phthalocyanine complexes (MTAPc; where M is Co or Mn) were immobilized on screen-printed gold electrodes pre-modified with monolayers of benzylamino groups. The functionalized electrodes were then activated using benzene-1,4-dicarbaldehyde as a linker before MTAPc complexes were immobilized. The surface coverages for the modified electrodes confirmed the perpendicular orientation of the MTAPcs. The apparent electron transfer constant (kapp) for the electrodes is 2.2 × 10−5 cm.s−1 for both CoTAPc and MnTAPc modified electrodes as calculated with data from impedance measurements. The kapp values for the bare and benzylamino modified electrodes were found to be 1.2 × 10−4 cm.s−1 and 4.9 × 10−6 cm.s−1, respectively. The electrocatalysis of the modified electrodes towards detection of H2O2 gave significant peak current densities and electrocatalytic potentials at −0.28 V and −0.31 V for the MnTAPc and CoTAPc modified electrodes, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Mashazi, Philani N , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/249059 , vital:51774 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-010-0438-6"
- Description: Metal tetra-amino phthalocyanine complexes (MTAPc; where M is Co or Mn) were immobilized on screen-printed gold electrodes pre-modified with monolayers of benzylamino groups. The functionalized electrodes were then activated using benzene-1,4-dicarbaldehyde as a linker before MTAPc complexes were immobilized. The surface coverages for the modified electrodes confirmed the perpendicular orientation of the MTAPcs. The apparent electron transfer constant (kapp) for the electrodes is 2.2 × 10−5 cm.s−1 for both CoTAPc and MnTAPc modified electrodes as calculated with data from impedance measurements. The kapp values for the bare and benzylamino modified electrodes were found to be 1.2 × 10−4 cm.s−1 and 4.9 × 10−6 cm.s−1, respectively. The electrocatalysis of the modified electrodes towards detection of H2O2 gave significant peak current densities and electrocatalytic potentials at −0.28 V and −0.31 V for the MnTAPc and CoTAPc modified electrodes, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Applications of polymerized metal tetra-amino phthalocyanines towards hydrogen peroxide detection
- Mashazi, Philani N, Togo, Chumunorwa, Limson, Janice L, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Mashazi, Philani N , Togo, Chumunorwa , Limson, Janice L , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/261840 , vital:53451 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424610001994"
- Description: This work reports the use of metallo tetra-amino phthalocyanines (MTAPc, M = Co and Mn) polymer thin films on gold and glassy carbon electrode surfaces for the detection and monitoring of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The polymer-modified electrodes were characterized using electrochemical and microscopic-based methods. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the bare and polymer-modified ITO surfaces. The electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 with glassy carbon polymer-modified electrodes gave higher current densities compared to their gold counterparts. The electroanalytical properties of H2O2 were obtained using a real-time calibration curve of the amperometric determination in pH 7.4 aqueous solution. The limits of detection (LoD) of the polymer-modified electrodes towards electroreduction of H2O2 were of the order of 10–7 M, with high sensitivity ranging from 6.0–15.4 mA.mM-1.cm-2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mashazi, Philani N , Togo, Chumunorwa , Limson, Janice L , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/261840 , vital:53451 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424610001994"
- Description: This work reports the use of metallo tetra-amino phthalocyanines (MTAPc, M = Co and Mn) polymer thin films on gold and glassy carbon electrode surfaces for the detection and monitoring of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The polymer-modified electrodes were characterized using electrochemical and microscopic-based methods. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the bare and polymer-modified ITO surfaces. The electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 with glassy carbon polymer-modified electrodes gave higher current densities compared to their gold counterparts. The electroanalytical properties of H2O2 were obtained using a real-time calibration curve of the amperometric determination in pH 7.4 aqueous solution. The limits of detection (LoD) of the polymer-modified electrodes towards electroreduction of H2O2 were of the order of 10–7 M, with high sensitivity ranging from 6.0–15.4 mA.mM-1.cm-2.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The synthesis and photophysical properties of novel cationic tetra pyridiloxy substituted aluminium, silicon and titanium phthalocyanines in water
- Masilela, Nkosiphile, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Masilela, Nkosiphile , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/249159 , vital:51783 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2010.04.011"
- Description: This work reports on the synthesis, characterisation and photophysical properties of new unquaternized β-2,(3)-tetra-(2 pyridiloxy) aluminium(III) (3a), silicon(IV) (3b), titanium(IV) (3c) phthalocyanines and their water-soluble quaternized counterparts, 4a, 4b and 4c, respectively. The water-soluble silicon(IV) (4b) and titanium(IV) (4c) phthalocyanine derivatives were found to be aggregated in aqueous media but were partially or fully disaggregated in the presence of a surfactant Cremophor® EL (CEL). The photophysical properties of aggregated complexes were investigated both in the presence of CEL and in pH 11 alone. Low triplet and fluorescence yield were obtained in pH 11 but an improvement was achieved upon addition of CEL for the aggregated complexes. The unquaternized silicon(IV) phthalocyanine complex (3b) gave the highest triplet quantum yield of 0.77 in DMF followed by its quaternized derivative (4b) with triplet yield of 0.73 in pH 11 plus CEL. The highest triplet lifetime of 220 μs was obtained for 4b in the presence of CEL. Higher fluorescence yields of 0.23 were obtained for quaternized water-soluble aluminium(III) phthalocyanine derivative (4a) in the presence of CEL.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Masilela, Nkosiphile , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/249159 , vital:51783 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2010.04.011"
- Description: This work reports on the synthesis, characterisation and photophysical properties of new unquaternized β-2,(3)-tetra-(2 pyridiloxy) aluminium(III) (3a), silicon(IV) (3b), titanium(IV) (3c) phthalocyanines and their water-soluble quaternized counterparts, 4a, 4b and 4c, respectively. The water-soluble silicon(IV) (4b) and titanium(IV) (4c) phthalocyanine derivatives were found to be aggregated in aqueous media but were partially or fully disaggregated in the presence of a surfactant Cremophor® EL (CEL). The photophysical properties of aggregated complexes were investigated both in the presence of CEL and in pH 11 alone. Low triplet and fluorescence yield were obtained in pH 11 but an improvement was achieved upon addition of CEL for the aggregated complexes. The unquaternized silicon(IV) phthalocyanine complex (3b) gave the highest triplet quantum yield of 0.77 in DMF followed by its quaternized derivative (4b) with triplet yield of 0.73 in pH 11 plus CEL. The highest triplet lifetime of 220 μs was obtained for 4b in the presence of CEL. Higher fluorescence yields of 0.23 were obtained for quaternized water-soluble aluminium(III) phthalocyanine derivative (4a) in the presence of CEL.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted carboxy phthalocyanines as sensitizers for nanoporous ZnO films
- Masilela, Nkosiphile, Nombona, Nolwazi, Loewenstein, Thomas, Nyokong, Tebello, Schlettwein, Derck
- Authors: Masilela, Nkosiphile , Nombona, Nolwazi , Loewenstein, Thomas , Nyokong, Tebello , Schlettwein, Derck
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/249126 , vital:51780 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424610002793"
- Description: The photoelectroectrochemical studies of water soluble octacarboxylated oxotitanium (OTiOCPc), zinc (ZnOCPC), hydroxyaluminium ((OH)AlOCPc), dihydroxysilicon ((OH)2SiOCPc), hydroxygallium (OHGaOCPc) and low symmetry zinc monocarboxy (ZnMCPc) phthalocyanines were performed. The dyes were adsorbed to nanoporous ZnO electrodeposited in the presence of eosin Y as structure directing agent (SDA) on FTO substrates by refluxing or soaking the films in a solution containing the dye of interest such that a full surface coverage was achieved. High external (IPCE) and internal (APCE) quantum efficiencies of up to 50.6% and 96.7% were achieved for the OTiOCPc complex. There was a lower overall cell efficiency for cells sensitized with phthalocyanines containing hydroxyl as axial ligand ZnO/(OH)2SiOCPc, ZnO/(OH)GaOCPc and (OH)AlOCPc because of strong aggregation on the surface of the electrodes. To further suppress dye aggregation, the zinc complex of a new monocarboxylated phthalocyanine sensitizer with bulky naphtho side groups (ZnMCPc) was employed. Among the studied sensitizers, ZnMCPc gave the highest overall cell efficiency of phthalocyanine electrodeposited on ZnO of η = 0.48%.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Masilela, Nkosiphile , Nombona, Nolwazi , Loewenstein, Thomas , Nyokong, Tebello , Schlettwein, Derck
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/249126 , vital:51780 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424610002793"
- Description: The photoelectroectrochemical studies of water soluble octacarboxylated oxotitanium (OTiOCPc), zinc (ZnOCPC), hydroxyaluminium ((OH)AlOCPc), dihydroxysilicon ((OH)2SiOCPc), hydroxygallium (OHGaOCPc) and low symmetry zinc monocarboxy (ZnMCPc) phthalocyanines were performed. The dyes were adsorbed to nanoporous ZnO electrodeposited in the presence of eosin Y as structure directing agent (SDA) on FTO substrates by refluxing or soaking the films in a solution containing the dye of interest such that a full surface coverage was achieved. High external (IPCE) and internal (APCE) quantum efficiencies of up to 50.6% and 96.7% were achieved for the OTiOCPc complex. There was a lower overall cell efficiency for cells sensitized with phthalocyanines containing hydroxyl as axial ligand ZnO/(OH)2SiOCPc, ZnO/(OH)GaOCPc and (OH)AlOCPc because of strong aggregation on the surface of the electrodes. To further suppress dye aggregation, the zinc complex of a new monocarboxylated phthalocyanine sensitizer with bulky naphtho side groups (ZnMCPc) was employed. Among the studied sensitizers, ZnMCPc gave the highest overall cell efficiency of phthalocyanine electrodeposited on ZnO of η = 0.48%.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The ambivalence of African elitehood:
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142442 , vital:38080 , DOI: 10.1177/0021909609357416
- Description: Recent discussions in South Africa about the role of the so-called patriotic bourgeoisie highlight the much debated question of what role elite Africans can and ought to play in the upliftment of the poor. Those supporting the notion of a patriotic bourgeoisie believe that national or racial solidarity is sufficient to allow privileged Africans to act in the interests of their poorer fellow citizens. However, a reconsideration of an older discussion of African elitehood, that of Amilcar Cabral, suggests that something more may be needed before elites can act in the interests of the poor. Cabral argues that elites need to renounce their privilege and to live and struggle alongside the poor if pro-poor societal transformation is to be achieved. While Cabral may be right that shared racial or national identity is insufficient for elite solidarity with the poor, he does not consider all the complexities that arise when elites actually try to work with and for the poor. A consideration of the experiences of a long-standing Senegalese NGO reveal some of these complexities and suggest that any attempt by African elites to engage meaningfully in the upliftment of the poor, will inevitably involve continuous and difficult negotiation between paternalism and naïve egalitarianism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142442 , vital:38080 , DOI: 10.1177/0021909609357416
- Description: Recent discussions in South Africa about the role of the so-called patriotic bourgeoisie highlight the much debated question of what role elite Africans can and ought to play in the upliftment of the poor. Those supporting the notion of a patriotic bourgeoisie believe that national or racial solidarity is sufficient to allow privileged Africans to act in the interests of their poorer fellow citizens. However, a reconsideration of an older discussion of African elitehood, that of Amilcar Cabral, suggests that something more may be needed before elites can act in the interests of the poor. Cabral argues that elites need to renounce their privilege and to live and struggle alongside the poor if pro-poor societal transformation is to be achieved. While Cabral may be right that shared racial or national identity is insufficient for elite solidarity with the poor, he does not consider all the complexities that arise when elites actually try to work with and for the poor. A consideration of the experiences of a long-standing Senegalese NGO reveal some of these complexities and suggest that any attempt by African elites to engage meaningfully in the upliftment of the poor, will inevitably involve continuous and difficult negotiation between paternalism and naïve egalitarianism.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Becoming African: debating post-apartheid white South African identities
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142409 , vital:38077 , DOI: 10.1080/14725843.2011.530440
- Description: The post-apartheid era necessitates the rethinking of white identities in South Africa. One way in which some white South Africans are seeking to redefine themselves is through describing themselves as African. However, claims by white South Africans that they too are Africans have been met with mixed responses from black South Africans. In this article I use contributions to an online university students' forum to explore ways in which some white South Africans are embracing an African identity and to consider ways in which some black South Africans are responding to white South Africans' shifting identities. I use contributions to this forum as a starting point to think about the possibilities and limitations that the embracing of an African identity has for the development of what Frankenberg calls ‘anti-racist forms of whiteness’ among white South Africans.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142409 , vital:38077 , DOI: 10.1080/14725843.2011.530440
- Description: The post-apartheid era necessitates the rethinking of white identities in South Africa. One way in which some white South Africans are seeking to redefine themselves is through describing themselves as African. However, claims by white South Africans that they too are Africans have been met with mixed responses from black South Africans. In this article I use contributions to an online university students' forum to explore ways in which some white South Africans are embracing an African identity and to consider ways in which some black South Africans are responding to white South Africans' shifting identities. I use contributions to this forum as a starting point to think about the possibilities and limitations that the embracing of an African identity has for the development of what Frankenberg calls ‘anti-racist forms of whiteness’ among white South Africans.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Differing interpretations of reconciliation in South Africa: a discussion of the home for all campaign
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142454 , vital:38081 , DOI:10.1353/trn.2010.0000
- Description: The theme of reconciliation remains an important one in South African politics. The issue of reconciliation was recently highlighted by South African Human Rights Commission chairperson, Jody Kollapen. According to Kollapen, in South Africa we have a problematic narrow interpretation of reconciliation, one that presents reconciliation and transformation as being in opposition to one another. This paper explores some of the debates about reconciliation as a process and then relates these to the Home for All Campaign. This Campaign was aimed at encouraging white South Africans to acknowledge the injustices of the past and to commit themselves to healing divisions and reducing inequalities in contemporary South Africa. It conceived of reconciliation as a process in which the onus is on white South Africans to take the initiative in reconciling with black South Africans. The Campaign received much publicity and provoked debate but never managed to gain the support of a significant number of white South Africans. In this paper, I explore the reasons for the Campaign's failure to meet all of its objectives, relating this to contemporary South African discourse on reconciliation. I argue that the Campaign's interpretation of reconciliation was valuable and necessary and that it remains imperative in South Africa that white South Africans critically reflect upon past and present privileges and take the initiative in processes of inter-racial reconciliation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Matthews, Sally
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142454 , vital:38081 , DOI:10.1353/trn.2010.0000
- Description: The theme of reconciliation remains an important one in South African politics. The issue of reconciliation was recently highlighted by South African Human Rights Commission chairperson, Jody Kollapen. According to Kollapen, in South Africa we have a problematic narrow interpretation of reconciliation, one that presents reconciliation and transformation as being in opposition to one another. This paper explores some of the debates about reconciliation as a process and then relates these to the Home for All Campaign. This Campaign was aimed at encouraging white South Africans to acknowledge the injustices of the past and to commit themselves to healing divisions and reducing inequalities in contemporary South Africa. It conceived of reconciliation as a process in which the onus is on white South Africans to take the initiative in reconciling with black South Africans. The Campaign received much publicity and provoked debate but never managed to gain the support of a significant number of white South Africans. In this paper, I explore the reasons for the Campaign's failure to meet all of its objectives, relating this to contemporary South African discourse on reconciliation. I argue that the Campaign's interpretation of reconciliation was valuable and necessary and that it remains imperative in South Africa that white South Africans critically reflect upon past and present privileges and take the initiative in processes of inter-racial reconciliation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Re-thinking rural development through agriculture
- Matunhu, Jephias (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-5867)
- Authors: Matunhu, Jephias (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-5867)
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24532 , vital:63067
- Description: This study addresses the problem of abject rural poverty in the post-apartheid South Africa with specific reference to the Amathole Rural District (ARD) in the Eastern Cape Province (the poorest province in the country). Abject poverty is conceptualized as inability to meet the basic human needs such as food, water, shelter and clothes. The study is premised in the revisionist trajectory of rural economic development, which regards agriculture as the ‘engine’ for rural development. The thesis addressed the following issues on rural poverty reduction in the ARD; the efficacy of rural agriculture in rural poverty reduction, value-adding to rural farm produce, support that is required and social factors that may affect the residents’ ability to fight poverty through agriculture? The thesis adopted the concurrent transformative mixed research methodology; and data were collected from a purposive sample of 138 respondents using unstructured interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. Data were collected with the help of research assistance. The study established that the ARD residents were keen to fight abject poverty through rural agriculture but were constrained by the lack of arable land, financial resources, technological support, corruption and HIV/AIDs. In view of the above findings, the thesis concluded that deep collaboration and participation of strategic partners such as government, the rural residents, NGOs and the business sector is essential in the implementation of pro-poor strategies in the ARD. The thesis also called for further research into the following areas that have a direct influence on the efficacy of rural agriculture on the ARD’s development; ICT and development, the rural residents’ attitude towards savings and on the political economy of cooperative ventures in rural agriculture. The thesis also encouraged further research to establish new linkages and roles of the following pertinent partners in ARD’s development; government, the rural residents, NGOs and the business sector. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Matunhu, Jephias (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8415-5867)
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/24532 , vital:63067
- Description: This study addresses the problem of abject rural poverty in the post-apartheid South Africa with specific reference to the Amathole Rural District (ARD) in the Eastern Cape Province (the poorest province in the country). Abject poverty is conceptualized as inability to meet the basic human needs such as food, water, shelter and clothes. The study is premised in the revisionist trajectory of rural economic development, which regards agriculture as the ‘engine’ for rural development. The thesis addressed the following issues on rural poverty reduction in the ARD; the efficacy of rural agriculture in rural poverty reduction, value-adding to rural farm produce, support that is required and social factors that may affect the residents’ ability to fight poverty through agriculture? The thesis adopted the concurrent transformative mixed research methodology; and data were collected from a purposive sample of 138 respondents using unstructured interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. Data were collected with the help of research assistance. The study established that the ARD residents were keen to fight abject poverty through rural agriculture but were constrained by the lack of arable land, financial resources, technological support, corruption and HIV/AIDs. In view of the above findings, the thesis concluded that deep collaboration and participation of strategic partners such as government, the rural residents, NGOs and the business sector is essential in the implementation of pro-poor strategies in the ARD. The thesis also called for further research into the following areas that have a direct influence on the efficacy of rural agriculture on the ARD’s development; ICT and development, the rural residents’ attitude towards savings and on the political economy of cooperative ventures in rural agriculture. The thesis also encouraged further research to establish new linkages and roles of the following pertinent partners in ARD’s development; government, the rural residents, NGOs and the business sector. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
A Game Theoretic Framework for Cooperative Benefits in South Africa’s land redistribution process: a case of Northern Kwa-Zulu Natal Sugarcane Farmland Transfers (No. 308-2016-5118)
- Mbatha, Cyril N, Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Authors: Mbatha, Cyril N , Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142958 , vital:38180 , https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/96156/
- Description: A good indicator of successful farm redistribution cases has to be the continuation of viable productivity rates in their post transfer periods. Continued productivity benefits all the stakeholders that are involved in the process. Unfortunately negative productivity levels have been reported in numerous South African land redistribution transfers in recent years. A game theoretic perspective is adopted to argue that cooperation among key stakeholders, which could be enforced through long term contracts between a land buyer, sellers and new owners, would lead to higher productivity levels and other benefits. Additional benefits would, for example, include market related prices paid by a buyer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mbatha, Cyril N , Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142958 , vital:38180 , https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/96156/
- Description: A good indicator of successful farm redistribution cases has to be the continuation of viable productivity rates in their post transfer periods. Continued productivity benefits all the stakeholders that are involved in the process. Unfortunately negative productivity levels have been reported in numerous South African land redistribution transfers in recent years. A game theoretic perspective is adopted to argue that cooperation among key stakeholders, which could be enforced through long term contracts between a land buyer, sellers and new owners, would lead to higher productivity levels and other benefits. Additional benefits would, for example, include market related prices paid by a buyer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Institutions and economic research: a case of location externalities on agricultural resource allocation in the Kat River basin, South Africa
- Mbatha, Cyril N, Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Authors: Mbatha, Cyril N , Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142991 , vital:38183 , DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2013.798069
- Description: The Physical Externality Model is used to illustrate the potential limitations of blindly adopting formal models for economic investigation and explanation in varied geographical contexts. As argued by institutional economists for the last hundred years the practice limits the value and relevance of most general economic inquiry. This model postulates that the geographical location of farmers along a given watercourse, in which water is diverted individually, leads to structural inefficiencies that negatively affect the whole farming community. These effects are felt more severely at downstream sites and lead to a status quo where upstream farmers possess relative economic and political advantages over their counterparts elsewhere. In the study of the Kat River basin these predictions appear to be true only in as far as they relate to legal and political allocations and use of water resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mbatha, Cyril N , Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142991 , vital:38183 , DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2013.798069
- Description: The Physical Externality Model is used to illustrate the potential limitations of blindly adopting formal models for economic investigation and explanation in varied geographical contexts. As argued by institutional economists for the last hundred years the practice limits the value and relevance of most general economic inquiry. This model postulates that the geographical location of farmers along a given watercourse, in which water is diverted individually, leads to structural inefficiencies that negatively affect the whole farming community. These effects are felt more severely at downstream sites and lead to a status quo where upstream farmers possess relative economic and political advantages over their counterparts elsewhere. In the study of the Kat River basin these predictions appear to be true only in as far as they relate to legal and political allocations and use of water resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Land price premiums in South Africa's land redistribution process: a case study of Northern Kwazulu-Natal sugarcane farms
- Mbatha, Cyril N, Antrobus, Geoffrey G, Van Rooyen, Jonathan
- Authors: Mbatha, Cyril N , Antrobus, Geoffrey G , Van Rooyen, Jonathan
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142980 , vital:38182 , DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2010.491298
- Description: The desire to transfer 30 per cent of commercial farmland into the hands of black South Africans has progressed slower than anticipated. Politicians and government officials have blamed the market approach to the purchase of land for the challenges and failures in the process. An analysis of the transfer of sugarcane land in two districts in KwaZulu-Natal over the period 2000 to 2006 permitted a comparison of the prices paid to commercial farmers both in private transactions and in the case of sales to government. Data did not support the contention that the slow rate of transfer was due to a manipulation of land prices by landowners in an attempt to stall the process. It was concluded that the state lost most of its bargaining power in the land reform market due to the drawn out nature of the land valuation processes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mbatha, Cyril N , Antrobus, Geoffrey G , Van Rooyen, Jonathan
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142980 , vital:38182 , DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2010.491298
- Description: The desire to transfer 30 per cent of commercial farmland into the hands of black South Africans has progressed slower than anticipated. Politicians and government officials have blamed the market approach to the purchase of land for the challenges and failures in the process. An analysis of the transfer of sugarcane land in two districts in KwaZulu-Natal over the period 2000 to 2006 permitted a comparison of the prices paid to commercial farmers both in private transactions and in the case of sales to government. Data did not support the contention that the slow rate of transfer was due to a manipulation of land prices by landowners in an attempt to stall the process. It was concluded that the state lost most of its bargaining power in the land reform market due to the drawn out nature of the land valuation processes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Towards Medical Education that is Responsive to Community Needs, while Recognising Community Assets and Capabilities
- Authors: Mfenyana, Khaya
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Medical education -- South Africa Clinical medicine -- Teaching and learning Problem-based learning -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Lectures
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/780 , vital:29753
- Description: Medical education today is under severe tension between “maintenance of standards” and “relevance to the needs of the population served”. A standard is a level of excellence and conventional schools tend to separate “standards” from “relevance” whereas innovative schools do not. This battle has been going on for sometime and in many places including South Africa. de Klerk (1979) warns that South African doctors should not allow the medical standards they have set for themselves to deteriorate because of the pragmatic problems encountered in attempting to attain the primary health care ideal. Daubenton (1990), on the other hand, states that one is excellent only if one is relevant. According to Daubenton, medical education can only be considered excellent if it is responsive and relevant to local needs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mfenyana, Khaya
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Medical education -- South Africa Clinical medicine -- Teaching and learning Problem-based learning -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Lectures
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/780 , vital:29753
- Description: Medical education today is under severe tension between “maintenance of standards” and “relevance to the needs of the population served”. A standard is a level of excellence and conventional schools tend to separate “standards” from “relevance” whereas innovative schools do not. This battle has been going on for sometime and in many places including South Africa. de Klerk (1979) warns that South African doctors should not allow the medical standards they have set for themselves to deteriorate because of the pragmatic problems encountered in attempting to attain the primary health care ideal. Daubenton (1990), on the other hand, states that one is excellent only if one is relevant. According to Daubenton, medical education can only be considered excellent if it is responsive and relevant to local needs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Econometric determinants of liquidity of the South African bond market
- Mingiri, Kapingura Forget https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-5612
- Authors: Mingiri, Kapingura Forget https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-5612
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Economic indicators , Economic forecasting -- Africa , Bond market
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26346 , vital:65243
- Description: The importance of the bond market to the financial system and broader economy of a country cannot be underestimated. It is important to analyse factors which determine liquidity in this essential market. This study seeks to establish the determinants of liquidity in the South African bond market using monthly data covering the period 1995 to 2009. It begins by providing an updated overview of the South African bond market and an analysis of the relevant literature. Two models linking bond market liquidity to its theoretical determinants were specified. In contrast to the available literature, this study analyses liquidity at both macroeconomic and market microstructure level using two measures of liquidity, volume and the bid-ask spread, applying the VAR approach and two-stage least squares for robust check. All macroeconomic variables (except stock market) were identified to have an impact on bond market liquidity in the long-run. As far as market microstructure factors are concerned, both volume and volatility were established to be important determinants of liquidity in the South African bond market. The study recommended that, as for macroeconomic factors, authorities should keep inflation at low and stables levels as well as a stable currency. Also, offering bond investors certain facilities and the removal of restrictions on foreign investor activities are other important conditions to improve bond market liquidity. As far as market microstructure factors are concerned, we suggest that, ways to safe-guard against excessive volatility include the creation of a vibrant derivative market, development of a more active and well-functioning repurchase market./ , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mingiri, Kapingura Forget https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-5612
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Economic indicators , Economic forecasting -- Africa , Bond market
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26346 , vital:65243
- Description: The importance of the bond market to the financial system and broader economy of a country cannot be underestimated. It is important to analyse factors which determine liquidity in this essential market. This study seeks to establish the determinants of liquidity in the South African bond market using monthly data covering the period 1995 to 2009. It begins by providing an updated overview of the South African bond market and an analysis of the relevant literature. Two models linking bond market liquidity to its theoretical determinants were specified. In contrast to the available literature, this study analyses liquidity at both macroeconomic and market microstructure level using two measures of liquidity, volume and the bid-ask spread, applying the VAR approach and two-stage least squares for robust check. All macroeconomic variables (except stock market) were identified to have an impact on bond market liquidity in the long-run. As far as market microstructure factors are concerned, both volume and volatility were established to be important determinants of liquidity in the South African bond market. The study recommended that, as for macroeconomic factors, authorities should keep inflation at low and stables levels as well as a stable currency. Also, offering bond investors certain facilities and the removal of restrictions on foreign investor activities are other important conditions to improve bond market liquidity. As far as market microstructure factors are concerned, we suggest that, ways to safe-guard against excessive volatility include the creation of a vibrant derivative market, development of a more active and well-functioning repurchase market./ , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2010
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Reflections of a Mathematician
- Authors: Mishra, S N
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Mathematics
- Language: English
- Type: text , Lectures
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/758 , vital:29750
- Description: In this lecture, an attempt is made to convey in a broad sense about mathematics and its applications and the impact it has made outside its own domain. While doing so, we try to dispel the belief (held in certain quarters) that there are two types of mathematics, namely useful mathematics and not so useful mathematics. An attempt is also made to reflect on the role of mathematics in industry along with the challenges of teaching of mathematics in the current environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mishra, S N
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Mathematics
- Language: English
- Type: text , Lectures
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/758 , vital:29750
- Description: In this lecture, an attempt is made to convey in a broad sense about mathematics and its applications and the impact it has made outside its own domain. While doing so, we try to dispel the belief (held in certain quarters) that there are two types of mathematics, namely useful mathematics and not so useful mathematics. An attempt is also made to reflect on the role of mathematics in industry along with the challenges of teaching of mathematics in the current environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The determination of acetaminophen using a carbon nanotube: graphite-based electrode
- Moghaddam, Abdolmajid B, Mohammadi, Ali, Mohammadi, Somaye, Rayeji, Danyal, Dinarvand, Rassoul, Baghi, Mansoureh, Walker, Roderick B
- Authors: Moghaddam, Abdolmajid B , Mohammadi, Ali , Mohammadi, Somaye , Rayeji, Danyal , Dinarvand, Rassoul , Baghi, Mansoureh , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:6414 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006509
- Description: The oxidation of acetaminophen was studied at a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and a graphite paste. Cyclic voltammety, differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry at various pH values, scan rates, and the effect of the ratio of nanotubes to graphite were investigated in order to optimize the parameters for the determination of acetaminophen. Square wave voltammetry is the most appropriate technique in giving a characteristic peak at 0.52 V at pH 5. The porous nanostructure of the electrode improves the surface area which results in an increase in the peak current. The voltammetric response is linear in the range between 75 and 2000 ng.mL−1, with standard deviations between 0.25 and 7.8%, and a limit of detection of 25 ng.mL−1. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of acetaminophen in tablets and biological fluids.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Moghaddam, Abdolmajid B , Mohammadi, Ali , Mohammadi, Somaye , Rayeji, Danyal , Dinarvand, Rassoul , Baghi, Mansoureh , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:6414 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006509
- Description: The oxidation of acetaminophen was studied at a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and a graphite paste. Cyclic voltammety, differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry at various pH values, scan rates, and the effect of the ratio of nanotubes to graphite were investigated in order to optimize the parameters for the determination of acetaminophen. Square wave voltammetry is the most appropriate technique in giving a characteristic peak at 0.52 V at pH 5. The porous nanostructure of the electrode improves the surface area which results in an increase in the peak current. The voltammetric response is linear in the range between 75 and 2000 ng.mL−1, with standard deviations between 0.25 and 7.8%, and a limit of detection of 25 ng.mL−1. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of acetaminophen in tablets and biological fluids.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Development of a stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of topiramate and dissolution rate testing in topiramate tablets
- Mohammadi, Ali, Rezanour, Nasrin, Ansari Dogaheh, M, Walker, Roderick B
- Authors: Mohammadi, Ali , Rezanour, Nasrin , Ansari Dogaheh, M , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6412 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006507
- Description: A stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) method was developed and validated for the quantitation and dissolution determination of topiramate in tablet dosage forms. An isocratic separation was achieved using a phenyl column with a flow rate of 1 mL/min using UV detection at 264 nm. Topiramate has low UV absorbtivity and was subjected to derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl). The mobile phase for the separation consisted of acetonitrile: 50 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate(NaH2PO4) containing 3 % v/v triethylamine (pH 2.8) in a 48:52 v/v ratio. Topiramate was subjected to oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis and heat for the purposes of stress testing. Separation was achieved for the parent compound and all the degradation products in an overall analytical run time of approximately 15 min with the parent compound topiramate eluting at approximately 9.2 min. The method was linear over the concentration range of 1-100 μg/mL (r = 0.9996) with limits of quantitation and detection of 1 and 0.3 μg/mL, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mohammadi, Ali , Rezanour, Nasrin , Ansari Dogaheh, M , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6412 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006507
- Description: A stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) method was developed and validated for the quantitation and dissolution determination of topiramate in tablet dosage forms. An isocratic separation was achieved using a phenyl column with a flow rate of 1 mL/min using UV detection at 264 nm. Topiramate has low UV absorbtivity and was subjected to derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl). The mobile phase for the separation consisted of acetonitrile: 50 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate(NaH2PO4) containing 3 % v/v triethylamine (pH 2.8) in a 48:52 v/v ratio. Topiramate was subjected to oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis and heat for the purposes of stress testing. Separation was achieved for the parent compound and all the degradation products in an overall analytical run time of approximately 15 min with the parent compound topiramate eluting at approximately 9.2 min. The method was linear over the concentration range of 1-100 μg/mL (r = 0.9996) with limits of quantitation and detection of 1 and 0.3 μg/mL, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The effects of economic incentives in controlling pollution in the South African leather industry: die uitwerking van ekonomiese insentiewe op die beheer van besoedeling in die Suid-Afrikaanse leerbedryf
- Mowat, Shaun P, Antrobus, Geoffrey G, Fraser, Gavin C G
- Authors: Mowat, Shaun P , Antrobus, Geoffrey G , Fraser, Gavin C G
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143057 , vital:38197 , DOI: 10.1080/03031853.1997.9523487
- Description: Pollution of the environment is becoming an increasingly serious problem. A large contributor to this is industry which generates effluent as a by-product of its production process. Two methods of controlling the pollution generated by industry are the so-called “command and control” techniques and economic incentives. In theory, economic incentives promise a more economically efficient and equitable means of pollution control. This paper sets out to ascertain whether this would hold in practice by applying environmental economic theory to the practical problem of controlling the effluent generated by one particular industry, viz the South African leather industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mowat, Shaun P , Antrobus, Geoffrey G , Fraser, Gavin C G
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143057 , vital:38197 , DOI: 10.1080/03031853.1997.9523487
- Description: Pollution of the environment is becoming an increasingly serious problem. A large contributor to this is industry which generates effluent as a by-product of its production process. Two methods of controlling the pollution generated by industry are the so-called “command and control” techniques and economic incentives. In theory, economic incentives promise a more economically efficient and equitable means of pollution control. This paper sets out to ascertain whether this would hold in practice by applying environmental economic theory to the practical problem of controlling the effluent generated by one particular industry, viz the South African leather industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Electrocatalytic oxidation of amitrole and diuron on iron (II) tetraaminophthalocyanine-single walled carbon nanotube dendrimer
- Mugadza, Tawanda, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Mugadza, Tawanda , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/262611 , vital:53536 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.12.051"
- Description: FeTAPc-single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) dendrimers are employed as glassy carbon electrode modifiers for the electrocatalytic oxidations of amitrole and diuron. The catalytic rate constants were 4.55 × 103 M−1 s−1 and 1.79 × 104 M−1 s−1 for amitrole and diuron, respectively using chronoamperometric studies. The diffusion constants were found to be 1.52 × 10−4 cm2 s−1 and 1.91 × 10−4 cm2 s−1 for diuron and amitrole, respectively. The linear concentration range for both were from 5.0 × 10−5 to 1.0 × 10−4 M and sensitivities of 0.6603 μA/μM and 0.6641 μA/μM for amitrole and diuron, with corresponding limits of detection of 2.15 × 10−7 and 2.6 × 10−7 M using the 3δ notation, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Mugadza, Tawanda , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/262611 , vital:53536 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.12.051"
- Description: FeTAPc-single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) dendrimers are employed as glassy carbon electrode modifiers for the electrocatalytic oxidations of amitrole and diuron. The catalytic rate constants were 4.55 × 103 M−1 s−1 and 1.79 × 104 M−1 s−1 for amitrole and diuron, respectively using chronoamperometric studies. The diffusion constants were found to be 1.52 × 10−4 cm2 s−1 and 1.91 × 10−4 cm2 s−1 for diuron and amitrole, respectively. The linear concentration range for both were from 5.0 × 10−5 to 1.0 × 10−4 M and sensitivities of 0.6603 μA/μM and 0.6641 μA/μM for amitrole and diuron, with corresponding limits of detection of 2.15 × 10−7 and 2.6 × 10−7 M using the 3δ notation, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010