Effects of management and leadership styles of school managers on teaching and learning in Fort Beaufort basic education district Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Zinto, Sinekhaya Homeboy
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11717 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016106
- Description: The aim of the study was to investigate the management and leadership styles of school managers and how it affects quality teaching and learning in Debe Nek schools at Fort Beaufort District. It was a mixed study that used both the qualitative and quantitative research methods. It adopted a correlation survey research design that helped in establishing the relationship of management and leadership styles and quality teaching and learning. In this regard, data for this study was collected on the independent variables, which was management and leadership styles, and that of the dependent variables, which was quality teaching and learning. The relationship between the two variables was investigated in order to determine the strength of the relationship that exists between them. The literature reviewed identify many factors affecting quality teaching and learning in schools. To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher administrated a number of questionnaires, conducted interviews and observed what is happening in schools during school visits. The findings of the assessment showed that there is relationship between management and leadership styles and quality teaching and learning. The researcher analysed democratic and autocratic management and leadership styles in relation to quality teaching and learning. The study established a positive relationship from the use of democratic management and leadership style and quality teaching and learning. The study also established that autocratic management and leadership style has a negative effect in quality teaching and learning in schools. The key recommendation of the study was the need for the programmes that must focus at development of management and leadership skills among school managers with the help from Districts in partnership with the Universities so as to help in the overall improvement of the schools.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Zinto, Sinekhaya Homeboy
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11717 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016106
- Description: The aim of the study was to investigate the management and leadership styles of school managers and how it affects quality teaching and learning in Debe Nek schools at Fort Beaufort District. It was a mixed study that used both the qualitative and quantitative research methods. It adopted a correlation survey research design that helped in establishing the relationship of management and leadership styles and quality teaching and learning. In this regard, data for this study was collected on the independent variables, which was management and leadership styles, and that of the dependent variables, which was quality teaching and learning. The relationship between the two variables was investigated in order to determine the strength of the relationship that exists between them. The literature reviewed identify many factors affecting quality teaching and learning in schools. To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher administrated a number of questionnaires, conducted interviews and observed what is happening in schools during school visits. The findings of the assessment showed that there is relationship between management and leadership styles and quality teaching and learning. The researcher analysed democratic and autocratic management and leadership styles in relation to quality teaching and learning. The study established a positive relationship from the use of democratic management and leadership style and quality teaching and learning. The study also established that autocratic management and leadership style has a negative effect in quality teaching and learning in schools. The key recommendation of the study was the need for the programmes that must focus at development of management and leadership skills among school managers with the help from Districts in partnership with the Universities so as to help in the overall improvement of the schools.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Rehabilitation services in a district health system: managers’ perceptions
- Authors: Zinn, Richard Thebu
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Medical rehabilitation , Primary health care -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Primary health care -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44280 , vital:37145
- Description: The growth of rehabilitation services in a specific district in the Eastern Cape has been of concern to the majority of the therapists working in that setting between 2012 and 2015. With the importance of primary health care as the driver of South Africa’s National Health Insurance scheme, and the need for rehabilitation services increasing, the investigation of the perceptions of managers who oversee rehabilitation services is pertinent. The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the perceptions of managers regarding rehabilitation services in a district health system and to make recommendations to the Provincial Department of Health regarding the management of rehabilitation services at a district level based on the managers’ perceptions. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, contextual research design was used as minimal information relating to the topic was found. The complexity of perceptions, their influence on behaviour and the environment, are wellexplored using these design approaches. Purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were used to elicit meaningful responses from managers familiar, and tasked, with the oversight of the rehabilitation service. Data analysis was performed utilising Tesch’s model of thematic synthesis. To ensure rigour within the research Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness was followed. The ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence and justice were upheld in the study. A thick description was utilised when reporting the findings and a literature control was done to place the findings in the present literature on the topic. The study has provided insights and perceptions of an important layer within the district health system. These perceptions are meaningful, as they influence the manner in which policy and plans are interpreted and implemented, and decisions are made within the environment of rehabilitation services. Three major themes arose from the data analysis process, namely: The managers’ reported positive factors regarding rehabilitation services, they identified challenges affecting the implementation of rehabilitation services in the District Health System, and they provided suggestions for the improvement of rehabilitation services in the District Health System. The positive views held by those in management positions indicate that there are strong foundations on which to build the rehabilitation service, and features of the system that need to be acknowledged, continued and strengthened. The challenges experienced by this layer of management point to aspects that need to be addressed in order to improve and optimise the impact of the inclusion of rehabilitation services in Primary Health Care. The findings in this study clarify these challenges, and if these are not addressed, the goals of the progressive health care system which South Africa is trying to implement cannot be fully achieved. Furthermore, the discrepancies and gaps that exist between urban and rural, and better and poorer resourced districts are likely to widen. The limitations of the study were identified and recommendations were made for practice (management), education and research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Zinn, Richard Thebu
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Medical rehabilitation , Primary health care -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Primary health care -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44280 , vital:37145
- Description: The growth of rehabilitation services in a specific district in the Eastern Cape has been of concern to the majority of the therapists working in that setting between 2012 and 2015. With the importance of primary health care as the driver of South Africa’s National Health Insurance scheme, and the need for rehabilitation services increasing, the investigation of the perceptions of managers who oversee rehabilitation services is pertinent. The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the perceptions of managers regarding rehabilitation services in a district health system and to make recommendations to the Provincial Department of Health regarding the management of rehabilitation services at a district level based on the managers’ perceptions. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, contextual research design was used as minimal information relating to the topic was found. The complexity of perceptions, their influence on behaviour and the environment, are wellexplored using these design approaches. Purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were used to elicit meaningful responses from managers familiar, and tasked, with the oversight of the rehabilitation service. Data analysis was performed utilising Tesch’s model of thematic synthesis. To ensure rigour within the research Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness was followed. The ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence and justice were upheld in the study. A thick description was utilised when reporting the findings and a literature control was done to place the findings in the present literature on the topic. The study has provided insights and perceptions of an important layer within the district health system. These perceptions are meaningful, as they influence the manner in which policy and plans are interpreted and implemented, and decisions are made within the environment of rehabilitation services. Three major themes arose from the data analysis process, namely: The managers’ reported positive factors regarding rehabilitation services, they identified challenges affecting the implementation of rehabilitation services in the District Health System, and they provided suggestions for the improvement of rehabilitation services in the District Health System. The positive views held by those in management positions indicate that there are strong foundations on which to build the rehabilitation service, and features of the system that need to be acknowledged, continued and strengthened. The challenges experienced by this layer of management point to aspects that need to be addressed in order to improve and optimise the impact of the inclusion of rehabilitation services in Primary Health Care. The findings in this study clarify these challenges, and if these are not addressed, the goals of the progressive health care system which South Africa is trying to implement cannot be fully achieved. Furthermore, the discrepancies and gaps that exist between urban and rural, and better and poorer resourced districts are likely to widen. The limitations of the study were identified and recommendations were made for practice (management), education and research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
An interpretive analysis of the experiences of adults working as university support staff
- Authors: Zini, Thembela Nomonde
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Universities and colleges South Africa , Universities and colleges Employees , Universities and colleges Sociological aspects , Identity (Psychology) , Identity (Psychology) Social aspects , Work Psychological aspects , Work Social aspects , Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188888 , vital:44795
- Description: Work means different things to different people and the different meanings they make of their work has the unique ability of contributing to a sense of identity. Support staff have to negotiate their personal identities and social identities to develop a work identity in the complex South African context that has its unique challenges. Exploring how support staff make sense of their experiences, when it comes to their identities, reveals what identity work strategies they use. An interpretative phenomenological method of inquiry was employed as an initial research method to explore the aspects that impact on the identity formation of support staff at Rhodes University. The study aims to investigate how support staff have constructed a work identity through their constructions of their experiences. Six participants were recruited through a purposive sampling method and data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The study revealed that support staff use the following identity work strategies to negotiate their identities: Financial, Personality, Career mobility, Roles, Status and Esteem, Subjective wellbeing. These themes were derived from the narratives of the participants, using the emphases in the data and suggest that support staff use identity work strategies both outside and within the workplace, when constructing their work identities. The study illustrates that as people ascribe different meanings to work, they will define and negotiate their identities in the workplace based upon those meanings. Identity work is indeed challenging for support staff because they need to use identity strategies that are enhancing to their self-esteem. Identity work is a challenging task because of the many tensions and demands of modern society, as adults negotiate their needs to provide for families and to find ways to construct their job status in positive ways. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
- Authors: Zini, Thembela Nomonde
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Universities and colleges South Africa , Universities and colleges Employees , Universities and colleges Sociological aspects , Identity (Psychology) , Identity (Psychology) Social aspects , Work Psychological aspects , Work Social aspects , Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188888 , vital:44795
- Description: Work means different things to different people and the different meanings they make of their work has the unique ability of contributing to a sense of identity. Support staff have to negotiate their personal identities and social identities to develop a work identity in the complex South African context that has its unique challenges. Exploring how support staff make sense of their experiences, when it comes to their identities, reveals what identity work strategies they use. An interpretative phenomenological method of inquiry was employed as an initial research method to explore the aspects that impact on the identity formation of support staff at Rhodes University. The study aims to investigate how support staff have constructed a work identity through their constructions of their experiences. Six participants were recruited through a purposive sampling method and data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The study revealed that support staff use the following identity work strategies to negotiate their identities: Financial, Personality, Career mobility, Roles, Status and Esteem, Subjective wellbeing. These themes were derived from the narratives of the participants, using the emphases in the data and suggest that support staff use identity work strategies both outside and within the workplace, when constructing their work identities. The study illustrates that as people ascribe different meanings to work, they will define and negotiate their identities in the workplace based upon those meanings. Identity work is indeed challenging for support staff because they need to use identity strategies that are enhancing to their self-esteem. Identity work is a challenging task because of the many tensions and demands of modern society, as adults negotiate their needs to provide for families and to find ways to construct their job status in positive ways. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Travelling shoppers' perceptions on the comprehensive servicescape within the South African retail environment
- Authors: Zinhumwe, Cephas
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Retail trade -- Customer services -- South Africa , Consumer satisfaction -- South Africa , Consumption (Economics) -- Social aspects , Consumer behavior
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DCom
- Identifier: vital:9296 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013610
- Description: The study is on the influence of comprehensive servicescape on shopping behaviour of road and rail travelling shoppers. The comprehensive servicescape is referred to as synchronization of the multidimensional servicescape dimensions, which are the physical environment, social environment, socially symbolic and the natural dimensions into one entity that the travellers encounter during the shopping exercise. The servicescape cues that include shoppers and the physical set-up of the service firm are important in influencing service quality evaluation and consumer satisfaction. The aim of this study was to establish the impact of servicescape on travelling shoppers’ buying behaviour and shopping motivations amongst different shoppers that were identified within the South African bus and railway stations. The bus and railway station environment induces an interesting type of shopping behaviour amongst the travelers. The purpose of the study was also to explore the travelling shoppers’ expectations and perceptions on the comprehensive servicescape within the bus station’s retail environment. Additionally the study attempted to address important gaps in the South African literature in respect of the influence of socialservicescape on the buyer behaviour and hedonic motivation of travelling shopper. The questionnaires used in the study were constructed along five dimensions of service quality containing statements linked to a five-point Likert-type interval scale anchored by “strongly agree” and “strongly disagree. Self administered questionnaires were used for data collection from the travelling shoppers through “mall intercept technique” and 300 questionnaires were collected from respondents. The academia benefits from this study from the comprehensive servicescape model of the South African bus and railway stations that was developed. The study built on literature by nvestigating the influence of the comprehensive servicescapes as perceived by travelling shoppers within the South African retail environment. Additionally it was shown both theoretically and empirically, that, that service quality in high contact service environment like the bus and railway station can best be explained by an analysis of the comprehensive servicescape or the multidimensional and hierarchical model. As a result of this study retailers will have a full picture on the specific needs, perception and expectations of road and rail travellers in relation to the quality of the stations’ servicescape, which retailers have to improve in order to increase customer patronage. It is assumed that retailers will be aware that store image and the store ambience should meet the challenges of the perceptions, motivations and consumer behaviour of travellers within the comprehensive servicescape of the station. This study provides a trigger effect to spatial planners to design high quality servicescape that will attract travellers for both hedonic and utilitarian shopping. Hirschman and Holbrook (1982) believed that shoppers derive pleasure from the experience of shopping itself, regardless of the joy from acquiring goods, this more so with travelling shoppers. A bus station can be both a growth node and a tourist attraction, if its features are attractive, therefore planners can benefit from this study. In this study theory that forms the bases of the influence of social servicescape on the behaviour of travelling shoppers that frequently visit and participate in shopping at various South African bus station retail outlets is provided. Additionally, this study provided empirical information on the relationships that exist amongst the characteristics of the South African Park Stations’ physical retail environments, user perceptions and interpersonal encounters. The behaviour of shopping travellers was extensively discussed to provide the background of theories and various models concerning shopping behaviour of travellers. Through this work, clarity on consumer behavioural trends of travelling shoppers in the South African retail sector is provided, which assist in differentiating retail products, services and segmentation of markets in a way that could enhance marketing effectiveness amongst the travelling shopping segment. Special attention was paid to factors that motivate road travellers’ choice of stores; the type of products they purchase and their decision making processes. Effort were made to identify, categorize and segment shopper typologies and their shopping behaviours. Effort was also made to discuss extensively the social and physical influences of environments in a retail environment such as that of the bus and railway station. The discussions in this study focussed on describing the comprehensive servicescape model dimensions which shoppers encountered during their shopping activity. The study also indicated the significance of the interaction of service staff with the customers in determining the service quality, customer satisfaction and the future intention of travelers. Additionally this study emphasised the importance of social encounters and perceptiveness to cues within the station, which determine whether they actively or passively are involved in the shopping encounter. The research findings reveal that, travellers perceive the servicescape within the bus station as unattractive and lack appropriate facilities. Furthermore travelers considered the two dimensions (store image and store ambience) of the store’s servicescape as one composite unit of the servicescape. This position is supported in literature, where it is argued that people respond to their environment holistically, rather than to individual stimuli. The travelling shoppers reveal that although they always find the shops from the bus station clean and neat, consumers expect a certain level of ambient environmental conditions to be present. The empirical findings in this study indicate that travelling shoppers are not interested in visiting the stores at the bus and railway station for shopping because merchandise from the bus station stores is poor in quality and unreliable; the surroundings at the station as unpleasant and the bus and railway station stores are congested. Thus, hasty shopping and spending more time or stay longer than planned for shopping at the bus and railway station is not useful to travelling shoppers. Therefore, travellers feel strongly that the shopping environment of the station is not conducive to shopping. These facilities (stations) are only used for travelling purposes; therefore there is a need for improvement in the retail and station facilities in order to increase shopping activities within this servicescape. The research findings reveal that shopping at the bus station seems to be driven by traditional needs such as functional and experiential motivations as well as travelrelated needs such as busstation-atmosphere-related and bus station-infrastructurerelated motivations. It was difficult to deduce a particular typology of shoppers in this environment, but due to the stress related to travelling. Passive shopping was observed amongst travellers, which is not a positive shopping behaviour for retailers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Zinhumwe, Cephas
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Retail trade -- Customer services -- South Africa , Consumer satisfaction -- South Africa , Consumption (Economics) -- Social aspects , Consumer behavior
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DCom
- Identifier: vital:9296 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013610
- Description: The study is on the influence of comprehensive servicescape on shopping behaviour of road and rail travelling shoppers. The comprehensive servicescape is referred to as synchronization of the multidimensional servicescape dimensions, which are the physical environment, social environment, socially symbolic and the natural dimensions into one entity that the travellers encounter during the shopping exercise. The servicescape cues that include shoppers and the physical set-up of the service firm are important in influencing service quality evaluation and consumer satisfaction. The aim of this study was to establish the impact of servicescape on travelling shoppers’ buying behaviour and shopping motivations amongst different shoppers that were identified within the South African bus and railway stations. The bus and railway station environment induces an interesting type of shopping behaviour amongst the travelers. The purpose of the study was also to explore the travelling shoppers’ expectations and perceptions on the comprehensive servicescape within the bus station’s retail environment. Additionally the study attempted to address important gaps in the South African literature in respect of the influence of socialservicescape on the buyer behaviour and hedonic motivation of travelling shopper. The questionnaires used in the study were constructed along five dimensions of service quality containing statements linked to a five-point Likert-type interval scale anchored by “strongly agree” and “strongly disagree. Self administered questionnaires were used for data collection from the travelling shoppers through “mall intercept technique” and 300 questionnaires were collected from respondents. The academia benefits from this study from the comprehensive servicescape model of the South African bus and railway stations that was developed. The study built on literature by nvestigating the influence of the comprehensive servicescapes as perceived by travelling shoppers within the South African retail environment. Additionally it was shown both theoretically and empirically, that, that service quality in high contact service environment like the bus and railway station can best be explained by an analysis of the comprehensive servicescape or the multidimensional and hierarchical model. As a result of this study retailers will have a full picture on the specific needs, perception and expectations of road and rail travellers in relation to the quality of the stations’ servicescape, which retailers have to improve in order to increase customer patronage. It is assumed that retailers will be aware that store image and the store ambience should meet the challenges of the perceptions, motivations and consumer behaviour of travellers within the comprehensive servicescape of the station. This study provides a trigger effect to spatial planners to design high quality servicescape that will attract travellers for both hedonic and utilitarian shopping. Hirschman and Holbrook (1982) believed that shoppers derive pleasure from the experience of shopping itself, regardless of the joy from acquiring goods, this more so with travelling shoppers. A bus station can be both a growth node and a tourist attraction, if its features are attractive, therefore planners can benefit from this study. In this study theory that forms the bases of the influence of social servicescape on the behaviour of travelling shoppers that frequently visit and participate in shopping at various South African bus station retail outlets is provided. Additionally, this study provided empirical information on the relationships that exist amongst the characteristics of the South African Park Stations’ physical retail environments, user perceptions and interpersonal encounters. The behaviour of shopping travellers was extensively discussed to provide the background of theories and various models concerning shopping behaviour of travellers. Through this work, clarity on consumer behavioural trends of travelling shoppers in the South African retail sector is provided, which assist in differentiating retail products, services and segmentation of markets in a way that could enhance marketing effectiveness amongst the travelling shopping segment. Special attention was paid to factors that motivate road travellers’ choice of stores; the type of products they purchase and their decision making processes. Effort were made to identify, categorize and segment shopper typologies and their shopping behaviours. Effort was also made to discuss extensively the social and physical influences of environments in a retail environment such as that of the bus and railway station. The discussions in this study focussed on describing the comprehensive servicescape model dimensions which shoppers encountered during their shopping activity. The study also indicated the significance of the interaction of service staff with the customers in determining the service quality, customer satisfaction and the future intention of travelers. Additionally this study emphasised the importance of social encounters and perceptiveness to cues within the station, which determine whether they actively or passively are involved in the shopping encounter. The research findings reveal that, travellers perceive the servicescape within the bus station as unattractive and lack appropriate facilities. Furthermore travelers considered the two dimensions (store image and store ambience) of the store’s servicescape as one composite unit of the servicescape. This position is supported in literature, where it is argued that people respond to their environment holistically, rather than to individual stimuli. The travelling shoppers reveal that although they always find the shops from the bus station clean and neat, consumers expect a certain level of ambient environmental conditions to be present. The empirical findings in this study indicate that travelling shoppers are not interested in visiting the stores at the bus and railway station for shopping because merchandise from the bus station stores is poor in quality and unreliable; the surroundings at the station as unpleasant and the bus and railway station stores are congested. Thus, hasty shopping and spending more time or stay longer than planned for shopping at the bus and railway station is not useful to travelling shoppers. Therefore, travellers feel strongly that the shopping environment of the station is not conducive to shopping. These facilities (stations) are only used for travelling purposes; therefore there is a need for improvement in the retail and station facilities in order to increase shopping activities within this servicescape. The research findings reveal that shopping at the bus station seems to be driven by traditional needs such as functional and experiential motivations as well as travelrelated needs such as busstation-atmosphere-related and bus station-infrastructurerelated motivations. It was difficult to deduce a particular typology of shoppers in this environment, but due to the stress related to travelling. Passive shopping was observed amongst travellers, which is not a positive shopping behaviour for retailers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The relationship between emotional stability, stress and work family conflict, among Standard Bank female employees in the Border region
- Authors: Zingwe, Tawanda
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Standard Bank Limited , Bank employees -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Role conflict , Women employees -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Job stress -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work and family -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sexual division of labor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Neuroses -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work-family conflict , Stress , Emotional stability , Neuroticism , Banks , Females
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
- Identifier: vital:11558 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007133 , Standard Bank Limited , Bank employees -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Role conflict , Women employees -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Job stress -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work and family -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sexual division of labor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Neuroses -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work-family conflict , Stress , Emotional stability , Neuroticism , Banks , Females
- Description: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship that exists between emotional stability, stress and work-family conflict among Standard Bank female employees. For this purpose data was collected from the female employees of Standard Banks in Alice, Fort Beaufort, King Williams and East London Town’s in the Eastern Cape. A sample of 72 female bank employees was drawn from the population. Neuroticism is the opposite of emotional stability and it was mostly often used in place of emotional stability in the study. Results of the study indicated that all study variables are significantly positively correlated with one another. The findings of this study is helpful in the banking industry in order to design human resources policies which will reduce the work-family conflict and decrease stress for female bank employees and for future research in respective topics. The implications of this study are discussed along with recommendations for future research and professional managerial practice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Zingwe, Tawanda
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Standard Bank Limited , Bank employees -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Role conflict , Women employees -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Job stress -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work and family -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sexual division of labor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Neuroses -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work-family conflict , Stress , Emotional stability , Neuroticism , Banks , Females
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Industrial Psychology)
- Identifier: vital:11558 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007133 , Standard Bank Limited , Bank employees -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Role conflict , Women employees -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Job stress -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work and family -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sexual division of labor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Neuroses -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work-family conflict , Stress , Emotional stability , Neuroticism , Banks , Females
- Description: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship that exists between emotional stability, stress and work-family conflict among Standard Bank female employees. For this purpose data was collected from the female employees of Standard Banks in Alice, Fort Beaufort, King Williams and East London Town’s in the Eastern Cape. A sample of 72 female bank employees was drawn from the population. Neuroticism is the opposite of emotional stability and it was mostly often used in place of emotional stability in the study. Results of the study indicated that all study variables are significantly positively correlated with one another. The findings of this study is helpful in the banking industry in order to design human resources policies which will reduce the work-family conflict and decrease stress for female bank employees and for future research in respective topics. The implications of this study are discussed along with recommendations for future research and professional managerial practice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Synthesis and characterization of binary and ternary palladium alloys for use as alternative counter electrode catalysts in dye sensitized solar cells
- Authors: Zingwe, Nyengerai Hillary
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Electrocatalysis Chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Chemistry)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18513 , vital:42580
- Description: The dye sensitized solar cell counter electrode facilitates the regeneration of the dye molecules thereby ensuring the provision of higher sunlight to electricity conversion efficiency. The standard platinum electrode suffers from low efficiency due to corrosion by the redox mediator as well as being extremely expensive due to high demand. As an alternative this research study illustrates the efforts undertaken to replace the standard platinum counter electrode with palladium alloy counter electrodes. Application of palladium alloys ensures sustenance of high catalytic activity by palladium which is as effective as platinum. Although palladium is equally as expensive as platinum, its application in the form of alloys minimizes the amount required to produce an effective counter electrode to 0.001-0.004 moles thereby ensuring the provision of high efficiency at a lower cost. Furthermore, charge transfer from the other alloyed elements to the palladium atom increases active sites leading to higher catalytic activity than platinum. Additionally, changes in crystal structure due to alloying enhances resistance to corrosion thus enabling the longevity of the alloy counter electrode in the electrolyte ___________________________________________________________________________ Electrochemical analysis was conducted to determine the catalytic functionality of the developed alloys in cobalt, ferrocene and iodine redox mediators. The binary (PdNi-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and PdCo-rGO) and ternary (PdNiCo-rGO) palladium alloys were fabricated via a hydrothermal method. In order to determine the composition which could provide the maximum activity, optimization was conducted through variation of the molar ratios of the precursor solutions. The properties of the synthesized palladium alloys were determined using various techniques including x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The developed alloys were observed to comprise of palladium, nickel, cobalt, and carbon atoms. The particles were spherical in nature for all the unsupported alloys with the carbon supported alloys exhibiting spherical particle wholly surrounded by graphene sheets. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis showed that the carbon supported alloys PdNi-rGO, PdCo-rGO and PdNiCo-rGO produced the highest catalytic activities due to the synergy between their respective alloys and the incorporated reduced graphene oxide. The high catalytic effectiveness of these alloys yielded power conversion efficiency in the order PdNiCo-rGO (9.01) > PdNi-rGO (8.4.%) > PdCo-rGO (6.56%) > Pt (5.7%) which were better than the platinum efficiency in the cobalt redox mediator. The higher efficiency in the cobalt redox mediator relative to the iodine electrolyte illustrates that they are viable alternatives to the, corrosive and volatile iodine. Obtained results show that, the high recombination rates between the photogenerated electrons and the oxidized dye molecule which have been reported to reduce power conversion efficiency in one electron redox mediators did not affect the performance of the cell. However, these higher recombination rates affected the ferrocene electrolyte leading to extremely poor efficiency metrics. The obtained results indicated that reduced graphene oxide supported PdNi-rGO, PdNiCo-rGO as well as the unsupported PdNi3 alloys could successfully be implemented as substitutes to the platinum counter electrode in dye sensitized solar cells. The application of the palladium alloys is vital for improving stability and power conversion efficiency, as well as reducing cost.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Zingwe, Nyengerai Hillary
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Electrocatalysis Chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Chemistry)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18513 , vital:42580
- Description: The dye sensitized solar cell counter electrode facilitates the regeneration of the dye molecules thereby ensuring the provision of higher sunlight to electricity conversion efficiency. The standard platinum electrode suffers from low efficiency due to corrosion by the redox mediator as well as being extremely expensive due to high demand. As an alternative this research study illustrates the efforts undertaken to replace the standard platinum counter electrode with palladium alloy counter electrodes. Application of palladium alloys ensures sustenance of high catalytic activity by palladium which is as effective as platinum. Although palladium is equally as expensive as platinum, its application in the form of alloys minimizes the amount required to produce an effective counter electrode to 0.001-0.004 moles thereby ensuring the provision of high efficiency at a lower cost. Furthermore, charge transfer from the other alloyed elements to the palladium atom increases active sites leading to higher catalytic activity than platinum. Additionally, changes in crystal structure due to alloying enhances resistance to corrosion thus enabling the longevity of the alloy counter electrode in the electrolyte ___________________________________________________________________________ Electrochemical analysis was conducted to determine the catalytic functionality of the developed alloys in cobalt, ferrocene and iodine redox mediators. The binary (PdNi-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and PdCo-rGO) and ternary (PdNiCo-rGO) palladium alloys were fabricated via a hydrothermal method. In order to determine the composition which could provide the maximum activity, optimization was conducted through variation of the molar ratios of the precursor solutions. The properties of the synthesized palladium alloys were determined using various techniques including x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The developed alloys were observed to comprise of palladium, nickel, cobalt, and carbon atoms. The particles were spherical in nature for all the unsupported alloys with the carbon supported alloys exhibiting spherical particle wholly surrounded by graphene sheets. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis showed that the carbon supported alloys PdNi-rGO, PdCo-rGO and PdNiCo-rGO produced the highest catalytic activities due to the synergy between their respective alloys and the incorporated reduced graphene oxide. The high catalytic effectiveness of these alloys yielded power conversion efficiency in the order PdNiCo-rGO (9.01) > PdNi-rGO (8.4.%) > PdCo-rGO (6.56%) > Pt (5.7%) which were better than the platinum efficiency in the cobalt redox mediator. The higher efficiency in the cobalt redox mediator relative to the iodine electrolyte illustrates that they are viable alternatives to the, corrosive and volatile iodine. Obtained results show that, the high recombination rates between the photogenerated electrons and the oxidized dye molecule which have been reported to reduce power conversion efficiency in one electron redox mediators did not affect the performance of the cell. However, these higher recombination rates affected the ferrocene electrolyte leading to extremely poor efficiency metrics. The obtained results indicated that reduced graphene oxide supported PdNi-rGO, PdNiCo-rGO as well as the unsupported PdNi3 alloys could successfully be implemented as substitutes to the platinum counter electrode in dye sensitized solar cells. The application of the palladium alloys is vital for improving stability and power conversion efficiency, as well as reducing cost.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Protocol for a prospective descriptive prevalence study of catatonia in an acute mental health unit in urban South Africa
- Zingela, Zukiswa, Cronje, Johan, Fink, Max, van Wyk, Stephanus, Stroud, Louise
- Authors: Zingela, Zukiswa , Cronje, Johan , Fink, Max , van Wyk, Stephanus , Stroud, Louise
- Date: 2021
- Language: English
- Type: Journal Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4610 , vital:44142
- Full Text:
- Authors: Zingela, Zukiswa , Cronje, Johan , Fink, Max , van Wyk, Stephanus , Stroud, Louise
- Date: 2021
- Language: English
- Type: Journal Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4610 , vital:44142
- Full Text:
Catatonia a manifestation of serious mental Illness: prevalence, presentation, management, and outcomes in a mental health unit
- Authors: Zingela, Zukiswa
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Mental Health , Catatonia , Psychomotor disorders
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60400 , vital:64706
- Description: Catatonia is a psychomotor abnormality that may be caused by severe physical or mental illness or by substances. It has a wide-ranging prevalence from less than 10% to just over 60%, worldwide. This thesis investigated multiple aspects of catatonia in an acute mental health unit setting. Critical aspects examined include the psychological experience of catatonia and assessment, prevalence, presentation, management, and treatment outcomes of catatonia. The research design was a prospective descriptive triangulation study that used a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. The theoretical framework applied in this thesis was a positivist paradigm approach to explore the quantitative data collected, with application of deductive reasoning, supported by statistical analysis to detect correlations between catatonia and demographic and clinical data. The research explored the experience of a person with catatonia from the beginning to the end of the catatonic episode, inclusive of neglected areas such as the patient’s psychological and experiences. Sources of information included participant reports, clinical notes, and assessments conducted using screening tools for catatonia. Key knowledge gaps on catatonia were identified as target areas for this thesis. These are the prevalence of catatonia in a South African setting; the use of assessment tools like the Bush Francis Catatonia Screening Instrument (BFCSI), the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (5th Edition; DSM-5) in this setting; interventions for catatonia; treatment outcomes; and the subjective experiences of catatonia, as described by patients. To date, there have been five publications produced from this thesis. The first paper was on the protocol for the research and was published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) Open and presented the literature review, research design, and methodology for the planned Abstract ii research on catatonia (which has ultimately been presented in this current thesis). This paper also identified the aforementioned critical knowledge gaps. The second paper was published in the Biomedicine Central (BMC) International Journal of Mental Health Systems. This paper described a 6-month prevalence rate of catatonia of 11.9%, and concluded that the BFCSI and BFCRS had the highest inter-rater reliability (IRR) and pick-up rate when screening for catatonia, while the DMS-5 had low IRR, and the lowest correlation with the BFCSI and BFCRS. The 12-month prevalence rate was found to be 18.3% and was described in the third paper which was published in the PLOS One Psychiatry. Both lorazepam and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were found to be the most widely used treatment at the study site, with good response rates and outcomes. The results were published in the 4th paper in SAGE Open. The fifth paper was on the subjective and psychological experience and published in the BMC Psychology journal. It described the psychological and subjective experience of catatonia as narrated by participants which is characterised by intense experiences of fear, anxiety, and sadness that manifested as extreme withdrawal, combined with obedience or submission. This research has yielded new knowledge with potential applications at a regional, national, and global level. New knowledge yielded includes the need for screening of patients for catatonia across all acute settings, the need for training of both medical and nursing personnel in the assessment of catatonia, the effectiveness of screening and assessment tools, effective interventions for catatonia and outcomes. The descriptions of catatonia at an emotional, cognitive, and behavioural level also highlight the need to develop psychological strategies and targeted psychological interventions to complement the current management strategies. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
- Authors: Zingela, Zukiswa
- Date: 2022-07
- Subjects: Mental Health , Catatonia , Psychomotor disorders
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60400 , vital:64706
- Description: Catatonia is a psychomotor abnormality that may be caused by severe physical or mental illness or by substances. It has a wide-ranging prevalence from less than 10% to just over 60%, worldwide. This thesis investigated multiple aspects of catatonia in an acute mental health unit setting. Critical aspects examined include the psychological experience of catatonia and assessment, prevalence, presentation, management, and treatment outcomes of catatonia. The research design was a prospective descriptive triangulation study that used a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. The theoretical framework applied in this thesis was a positivist paradigm approach to explore the quantitative data collected, with application of deductive reasoning, supported by statistical analysis to detect correlations between catatonia and demographic and clinical data. The research explored the experience of a person with catatonia from the beginning to the end of the catatonic episode, inclusive of neglected areas such as the patient’s psychological and experiences. Sources of information included participant reports, clinical notes, and assessments conducted using screening tools for catatonia. Key knowledge gaps on catatonia were identified as target areas for this thesis. These are the prevalence of catatonia in a South African setting; the use of assessment tools like the Bush Francis Catatonia Screening Instrument (BFCSI), the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (5th Edition; DSM-5) in this setting; interventions for catatonia; treatment outcomes; and the subjective experiences of catatonia, as described by patients. To date, there have been five publications produced from this thesis. The first paper was on the protocol for the research and was published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) Open and presented the literature review, research design, and methodology for the planned Abstract ii research on catatonia (which has ultimately been presented in this current thesis). This paper also identified the aforementioned critical knowledge gaps. The second paper was published in the Biomedicine Central (BMC) International Journal of Mental Health Systems. This paper described a 6-month prevalence rate of catatonia of 11.9%, and concluded that the BFCSI and BFCRS had the highest inter-rater reliability (IRR) and pick-up rate when screening for catatonia, while the DMS-5 had low IRR, and the lowest correlation with the BFCSI and BFCRS. The 12-month prevalence rate was found to be 18.3% and was described in the third paper which was published in the PLOS One Psychiatry. Both lorazepam and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were found to be the most widely used treatment at the study site, with good response rates and outcomes. The results were published in the 4th paper in SAGE Open. The fifth paper was on the subjective and psychological experience and published in the BMC Psychology journal. It described the psychological and subjective experience of catatonia as narrated by participants which is characterised by intense experiences of fear, anxiety, and sadness that manifested as extreme withdrawal, combined with obedience or submission. This research has yielded new knowledge with potential applications at a regional, national, and global level. New knowledge yielded includes the need for screening of patients for catatonia across all acute settings, the need for training of both medical and nursing personnel in the assessment of catatonia, the effectiveness of screening and assessment tools, effective interventions for catatonia and outcomes. The descriptions of catatonia at an emotional, cognitive, and behavioural level also highlight the need to develop psychological strategies and targeted psychological interventions to complement the current management strategies. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-07
An assessment of the implementation of performance management and development system: Department of Sport and Recreation South Africa
- Authors: Zinganto, Nobulali
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Performance -- Management Local officials and employees -- South Africa , Employees -- Rating of -- South Africa Public administration --South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45826 , vital:39220
- Description: Performance management and development in the South African Public Service is a critical aspect that engenders officials and management to be committed to the provision of efficient and effective service delivery. The Public Service Regulations (2001) as amended requires all spheres of government to develop and implement policy parameters that address measurable service delivery aligned to their strategic functions. The imperatives of these policy parameters allow employees’ performance with notch increments. The National Department of Sport and Recreation South Africa (SRSA) developed a performance management system that links Employee Performance Management and Development System (EPMDS) at salary levels 5 – 12 to notch increments and Human Resource Development programmes. This system aims to achieve consideration of the desired outputs; meaning the delivery of work required, which is emphasised in the setting of objectives and looking at the necessary inputs; meaning the knowledge, skills, training and resources needed, which are considered in the appraisal and reviewing of the progress that was made. The performance of Sport and Recreation South Africa has not been commensurate with the aims and objectives of the EPMDS system, as the results are not yielding the best outcome on this system. This study sought to investigate whether the EPMDS contributes to improve performance of the employees and that of the entire organisation in SRSA. It would examine whether the employees do get feedback on their performance after the performance assessment period. The study would establish whether those employees who under-performed do get remedial interventions like training, coaching, mentoring and development on the competencies they lack; so that their performance is improved. The study also sought to determined the perception of the employees regarding the effectiveness of the Performance Management and Development System in SRSA Knowledge of employees' perceptions of the performance management system will assist management to implement such a system more effectively. The findings of this study indicate that managers use performance management as a tool to control and discipline subordinates, whilst subordinates use performance management as a means of getting extra money through performance bonuses. This could be the reason that performance assessment period is viewed as a period of high tension between supervisors and subordinates. The main recommendation on the basis of this finding is that there should be a regular and thorough training of officials at all levels within SRSA about the EPMDS and how it influences productivity. Other additional recommendations include, inter alia, that the identification of gaps on unsatisfactory performance should be made immediately after each performance period. Remedial interventions to address those gaps like training, retraining, coaching and counselling should be formulated, agreed upon and implemented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Zinganto, Nobulali
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Performance -- Management Local officials and employees -- South Africa , Employees -- Rating of -- South Africa Public administration --South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45826 , vital:39220
- Description: Performance management and development in the South African Public Service is a critical aspect that engenders officials and management to be committed to the provision of efficient and effective service delivery. The Public Service Regulations (2001) as amended requires all spheres of government to develop and implement policy parameters that address measurable service delivery aligned to their strategic functions. The imperatives of these policy parameters allow employees’ performance with notch increments. The National Department of Sport and Recreation South Africa (SRSA) developed a performance management system that links Employee Performance Management and Development System (EPMDS) at salary levels 5 – 12 to notch increments and Human Resource Development programmes. This system aims to achieve consideration of the desired outputs; meaning the delivery of work required, which is emphasised in the setting of objectives and looking at the necessary inputs; meaning the knowledge, skills, training and resources needed, which are considered in the appraisal and reviewing of the progress that was made. The performance of Sport and Recreation South Africa has not been commensurate with the aims and objectives of the EPMDS system, as the results are not yielding the best outcome on this system. This study sought to investigate whether the EPMDS contributes to improve performance of the employees and that of the entire organisation in SRSA. It would examine whether the employees do get feedback on their performance after the performance assessment period. The study would establish whether those employees who under-performed do get remedial interventions like training, coaching, mentoring and development on the competencies they lack; so that their performance is improved. The study also sought to determined the perception of the employees regarding the effectiveness of the Performance Management and Development System in SRSA Knowledge of employees' perceptions of the performance management system will assist management to implement such a system more effectively. The findings of this study indicate that managers use performance management as a tool to control and discipline subordinates, whilst subordinates use performance management as a means of getting extra money through performance bonuses. This could be the reason that performance assessment period is viewed as a period of high tension between supervisors and subordinates. The main recommendation on the basis of this finding is that there should be a regular and thorough training of officials at all levels within SRSA about the EPMDS and how it influences productivity. Other additional recommendations include, inter alia, that the identification of gaps on unsatisfactory performance should be made immediately after each performance period. Remedial interventions to address those gaps like training, retraining, coaching and counselling should be formulated, agreed upon and implemented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Development and assessment of sustained release stavudine loaded microparticles
- Authors: Zindove, Chiedza Cathrine
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MPharm
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54722 , vital:26603
- Description:
Stavudine (D4T) has been used as first line treatment for HIV/AIDS and is part of highly active anti retroviral treatment (HAART). It is an affordable medicine and its use is beneficial in resource limited settings. However D4T exhibits dose dependent side effects that may lead to non-adherence in patients. This study was undertaken to formulate, develop and manufacture a dosage form that could reduce dose dependent side effects by decreasing the dose of D4T but still exhibit antiretroviral (ARV) activity. The use of sustained release (SR) formulations of D4T that ensure constant levels of the D4T in the body would not only optimize therapy but also reduce the incidence of side effects thereby increasing patient adherence. SR microparticles containing 30mg D4T were manufactured and loaded into size 3 hard gelatine capsules prior to analysis. The D4T microparticles were manufactured by microencapsulation using non-aqueous oil-in-oil solvent evaporation approach. D4T-excipient, excipient-excipient interactions and D4T purity were assessed using Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Copolymers synthesized from acrylic and methacrylic acid esters viz., Eudragit® RSPO and S100 were used as rate retardant materials and the effect of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH102) on the microparticles was also investigated. Magnesium stearate was used as a droplet stabilizer and n-hexane was added to harden the microspheres formed in a liquid paraffin continuous phase. The microparticles were optimized using a Box Behnken design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The microparticles were characterized in terms of their flow properties and encapsulation efficiency (% EE), in addition to visualization of the surface morphology with Scanning Electron Microscopy. In vitro D4T release studies were performed using USP Apparatus III in media of different pH and the samples were analysed using a validated High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method with ultraviolet (UV) detection that had been developed and optimized using a Central Composite Design (CCD). The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The IR spectra and DSC thermographs revealed that D4T exhibited thermal stability and there was no evidence of D4T-excipient and excipient-excipient interactions. The microparticles that were produced were white, free flowing and were obtained in a high yield with high encapsulation efficiency. Scanning Electron Microscopy studies revealed that the microparticles were spherical and porous in nature. In vitro D4T release extended to 12 hours and the mechanism of release was established using model dependent methods by fitting the data to a Zero order, First order, Higuchi and Hixson Crowell model. It was observed that the mechanism of D4T release was diffusion-controlled and that the data was best fitted to the Higuchi model with correlation coefficients > 0.9. The release mechanism was confirmed using the Korsmeyer-Peppas model that revealed that most of the formulations exhibited anomalous transport kinetics with the release exponent, n, ranging from 0.5
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Zindove, Chiedza Cathrine
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MPharm
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54722 , vital:26603
- Description:
Stavudine (D4T) has been used as first line treatment for HIV/AIDS and is part of highly active anti retroviral treatment (HAART). It is an affordable medicine and its use is beneficial in resource limited settings. However D4T exhibits dose dependent side effects that may lead to non-adherence in patients. This study was undertaken to formulate, develop and manufacture a dosage form that could reduce dose dependent side effects by decreasing the dose of D4T but still exhibit antiretroviral (ARV) activity. The use of sustained release (SR) formulations of D4T that ensure constant levels of the D4T in the body would not only optimize therapy but also reduce the incidence of side effects thereby increasing patient adherence. SR microparticles containing 30mg D4T were manufactured and loaded into size 3 hard gelatine capsules prior to analysis. The D4T microparticles were manufactured by microencapsulation using non-aqueous oil-in-oil solvent evaporation approach. D4T-excipient, excipient-excipient interactions and D4T purity were assessed using Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Copolymers synthesized from acrylic and methacrylic acid esters viz., Eudragit® RSPO and S100 were used as rate retardant materials and the effect of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH102) on the microparticles was also investigated. Magnesium stearate was used as a droplet stabilizer and n-hexane was added to harden the microspheres formed in a liquid paraffin continuous phase. The microparticles were optimized using a Box Behnken design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The microparticles were characterized in terms of their flow properties and encapsulation efficiency (% EE), in addition to visualization of the surface morphology with Scanning Electron Microscopy. In vitro D4T release studies were performed using USP Apparatus III in media of different pH and the samples were analysed using a validated High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method with ultraviolet (UV) detection that had been developed and optimized using a Central Composite Design (CCD). The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The IR spectra and DSC thermographs revealed that D4T exhibited thermal stability and there was no evidence of D4T-excipient and excipient-excipient interactions. The microparticles that were produced were white, free flowing and were obtained in a high yield with high encapsulation efficiency. Scanning Electron Microscopy studies revealed that the microparticles were spherical and porous in nature. In vitro D4T release extended to 12 hours and the mechanism of release was established using model dependent methods by fitting the data to a Zero order, First order, Higuchi and Hixson Crowell model. It was observed that the mechanism of D4T release was diffusion-controlled and that the data was best fitted to the Higuchi model with correlation coefficients > 0.9. The release mechanism was confirmed using the Korsmeyer-Peppas model that revealed that most of the formulations exhibited anomalous transport kinetics with the release exponent, n, ranging from 0.5
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An empirical investigation into the factors affecting the performance of small and medium enterprises in the manufacturing sector of Harare, Zimbabwe
- Authors: Zindiye, Stanislous
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Business enterprises -- Zimbabwe , Government business enterprises -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com (Business Management)
- Identifier: vital:11319 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/128 , Business enterprises -- Zimbabwe , Government business enterprises -- Zimbabwe
- Description: This research investigates the factors that affect the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector of Harare, Zimbabwe. To achieve this objective, the research hypothesised that a lack of skilled human resources contributes to the poor performance of SMEs in the manufacturing sector of Harare, Zimbabwe. The research further hypothesized that poor management skills such as human resources, financial management, general management, production management and marketing management result in the poor performance of SMEs in the manufacturing sector of Harare, Zimbabwe. A research proposition was also stated which stipulated that the current hyperinflation environment affects the profitability of SMEs in the manufacturing sector of Harare in terms of profitability. This study is important because SMEs, despite their contributions to the Zimbabwean economy, have not been given due attention as the research of performance has been biased towards large enterprises. The results indicate that managerial aspects which are in short supply have negative effects on the performance of SMEs in the manufacturing sector. The results also indicate that the high rate of inflation and other economic factors such as foreign currency shortage, interest rate and exchange rate affect their performance negatively. Lastly, the study recommends that SMEs, the Zimbabwean government and other supporting institutions such Empretec, ILO and SEDCO take measures to ensure the survival, growth and development of this sector which has the potential to steer the economy. These measures are expected to improve the managerial skills in the SME sector and consequently result in improved performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Zindiye, Stanislous
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Business enterprises -- Zimbabwe , Government business enterprises -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Com (Business Management)
- Identifier: vital:11319 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/128 , Business enterprises -- Zimbabwe , Government business enterprises -- Zimbabwe
- Description: This research investigates the factors that affect the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector of Harare, Zimbabwe. To achieve this objective, the research hypothesised that a lack of skilled human resources contributes to the poor performance of SMEs in the manufacturing sector of Harare, Zimbabwe. The research further hypothesized that poor management skills such as human resources, financial management, general management, production management and marketing management result in the poor performance of SMEs in the manufacturing sector of Harare, Zimbabwe. A research proposition was also stated which stipulated that the current hyperinflation environment affects the profitability of SMEs in the manufacturing sector of Harare in terms of profitability. This study is important because SMEs, despite their contributions to the Zimbabwean economy, have not been given due attention as the research of performance has been biased towards large enterprises. The results indicate that managerial aspects which are in short supply have negative effects on the performance of SMEs in the manufacturing sector. The results also indicate that the high rate of inflation and other economic factors such as foreign currency shortage, interest rate and exchange rate affect their performance negatively. Lastly, the study recommends that SMEs, the Zimbabwean government and other supporting institutions such Empretec, ILO and SEDCO take measures to ensure the survival, growth and development of this sector which has the potential to steer the economy. These measures are expected to improve the managerial skills in the SME sector and consequently result in improved performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
An exploratory study of control and oversight measures for ethical conduct in supply chain management : the case of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality
- Authors: Zindi, Beauty
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Public Administration
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10415 , vital:35459
- Description: Unethical conduct takes root and largely flourishes in environments devoid of compliance with SCM laws, regulations and sound corporate governance values and principles. Ethical conduct is a prerequisite of good governance and sound municipal financial management. Unethical conduct in SCM leads to a loss of public trust and confidence in the management of public affairs. Despite the existence of control and oversight structures and processes for monitoring compliance with ethical standards, norms and regulations in SCM, procurement and contract management processes, BCMM still flouts SCM regulations. This leads to non-compliance with precincts of SCM policy regulations, the MFMA, as well as the Municipal Systems Act (MSA). Lack of adequate and effective control and oversight measures further exacerbates the problem, leading to poor management of procurement systems as well as inconsistencies in the disposal and delivery of services. Effective control and oversight often results in the reduction of waste, eradication of corruption and improvement of municipal financial performance, as well as improved ethical conduct, integrity, transparency and accountability. Qualitative approach was used to gather data using interviews and secondary sources in the form of official documents to explore the extent to which control and oversight measures for ethical conduct in Supply Chain Management are effective in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The data is to be analysed using content analysis and filtering techniques. Challenges that are affecting the effective management of Supply Chain in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality were brought forth and recommendations to improve Supply Chain Management in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality are examined in this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Zindi, Beauty
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Public Administration
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10415 , vital:35459
- Description: Unethical conduct takes root and largely flourishes in environments devoid of compliance with SCM laws, regulations and sound corporate governance values and principles. Ethical conduct is a prerequisite of good governance and sound municipal financial management. Unethical conduct in SCM leads to a loss of public trust and confidence in the management of public affairs. Despite the existence of control and oversight structures and processes for monitoring compliance with ethical standards, norms and regulations in SCM, procurement and contract management processes, BCMM still flouts SCM regulations. This leads to non-compliance with precincts of SCM policy regulations, the MFMA, as well as the Municipal Systems Act (MSA). Lack of adequate and effective control and oversight measures further exacerbates the problem, leading to poor management of procurement systems as well as inconsistencies in the disposal and delivery of services. Effective control and oversight often results in the reduction of waste, eradication of corruption and improvement of municipal financial performance, as well as improved ethical conduct, integrity, transparency and accountability. Qualitative approach was used to gather data using interviews and secondary sources in the form of official documents to explore the extent to which control and oversight measures for ethical conduct in Supply Chain Management are effective in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The data is to be analysed using content analysis and filtering techniques. Challenges that are affecting the effective management of Supply Chain in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality were brought forth and recommendations to improve Supply Chain Management in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality are examined in this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
An analysis of "self-determination" in international law : the case of South Sudan
- Authors: Zimuto, Prince Charles
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Self-determination, National Decolonization -- South Sudan Sudan -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5697 , vital:29364
- Description: This research intends to investigate the scope and applicability of the concept of ‘self-determination’ outside the context of decolonisation using South Sudan as a case study. Demands for the exercise of the right to self-determination are widespread. These are vehemently resisted by states who view the concept of ‘self-determination’ as a potential source of territorial disintegration. International instruments which provide for the right to self-determination also discourage the impairment of the territorial integrity of states in the name of self-determination. The problem faced in international law is therefore how to balance the right to self-determination with the principle of territorial integrity. The study reveals that the general understanding is that outside the context of decolonisation the right to self-determination may be exercised within the territorial boundaries of a state without compromising the territorial integrity of a state. The internal exercise of the right to self-determination entails human rights protection, participation in the political affairs of the state and autonomy arrangements. This general understanding is however problematic where a state systemically violates the rights of its people and denies them political participation in the affairs of the state. The people of South Sudan found themselves in such a situation from the time when Sudan gained independence from British colonial rule. Despite a number of negotiations with the government of Sudan, the people of South Sudan continued to be marginalised and their rights violated with impunity. They then demanded to exercise their right to self-determination externally and eventually they seceded from Sudan through the framework created by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005. In the light of the secession of South Sudan from Sudan this study proposes a remedial self-determination approach to the understanding of post-colonial self-determination. In terms of this approach when people are denied the right to exercise their right to self-determination internally, or their rights are deliberately and systemically violated, they may exercise their right to self-determination externally and secede.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Zimuto, Prince Charles
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Self-determination, National Decolonization -- South Sudan Sudan -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5697 , vital:29364
- Description: This research intends to investigate the scope and applicability of the concept of ‘self-determination’ outside the context of decolonisation using South Sudan as a case study. Demands for the exercise of the right to self-determination are widespread. These are vehemently resisted by states who view the concept of ‘self-determination’ as a potential source of territorial disintegration. International instruments which provide for the right to self-determination also discourage the impairment of the territorial integrity of states in the name of self-determination. The problem faced in international law is therefore how to balance the right to self-determination with the principle of territorial integrity. The study reveals that the general understanding is that outside the context of decolonisation the right to self-determination may be exercised within the territorial boundaries of a state without compromising the territorial integrity of a state. The internal exercise of the right to self-determination entails human rights protection, participation in the political affairs of the state and autonomy arrangements. This general understanding is however problematic where a state systemically violates the rights of its people and denies them political participation in the affairs of the state. The people of South Sudan found themselves in such a situation from the time when Sudan gained independence from British colonial rule. Despite a number of negotiations with the government of Sudan, the people of South Sudan continued to be marginalised and their rights violated with impunity. They then demanded to exercise their right to self-determination externally and eventually they seceded from Sudan through the framework created by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005. In the light of the secession of South Sudan from Sudan this study proposes a remedial self-determination approach to the understanding of post-colonial self-determination. In terms of this approach when people are denied the right to exercise their right to self-determination internally, or their rights are deliberately and systemically violated, they may exercise their right to self-determination externally and secede.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Information and propaganda in the federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland with special reference to print and radio propaganda for Africans, 1953-1963
- Authors: Zimudzi, Tapiwa Brown
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6957 , vital:21204
- Description: This thesis contributes to the history of the information and propaganda policy and practice of the government of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland by examining this government's pro-Federation print and radio propaganda for Africans in the Federation. Using a multi-theoretical approach, it analyses the character of this propaganda, highlighting its main methods and themes as well as the policy considerations, plus political and economic circumstances that gave rise to it. It also discusses how Africans in the Federation reacted to this propaganda and assesses its effectiveness in gaining the support of these Africans for Federation and the policies of the Federal government. The thesis argues that Federal government propaganda aimed at gaining the support of Africans for Federation was predominantly panic-driven propaganda and was the product of an information panic that lay at the heart of the very idea of Federation itself. This information panic arose out of the Federal government's belated recognition of the strength of African opposition to Federation and of how this opposition seriously threatened the continued survival of the Federation. It is also argued that this panic-driven pro-Federation propaganda elicited largely hostile reactions from the majority of Africans in the Federation and failed to persuade them to support Federation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Zimudzi, Tapiwa Brown
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6957 , vital:21204
- Description: This thesis contributes to the history of the information and propaganda policy and practice of the government of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland by examining this government's pro-Federation print and radio propaganda for Africans in the Federation. Using a multi-theoretical approach, it analyses the character of this propaganda, highlighting its main methods and themes as well as the policy considerations, plus political and economic circumstances that gave rise to it. It also discusses how Africans in the Federation reacted to this propaganda and assesses its effectiveness in gaining the support of these Africans for Federation and the policies of the Federal government. The thesis argues that Federal government propaganda aimed at gaining the support of Africans for Federation was predominantly panic-driven propaganda and was the product of an information panic that lay at the heart of the very idea of Federation itself. This information panic arose out of the Federal government's belated recognition of the strength of African opposition to Federation and of how this opposition seriously threatened the continued survival of the Federation. It is also argued that this panic-driven pro-Federation propaganda elicited largely hostile reactions from the majority of Africans in the Federation and failed to persuade them to support Federation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Determinants of household debt in South Africa
- Authors: Zimucha, Tinashe M
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Consumer credit -- South Africa Finance, Personal -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/7967 , vital:31325
- Description: Significant changes have occurred in South Africa during the past decades in household saving and borrowing behaviour. The rapid increase in South Africa’s household debt over the last twenty years has been an international phenomenon. In most countries, household debt increased from the 1990s until the crisis of 2007–2008 before stabilising due to a recession and deleveraging. The study used an ARDL model to investigate the determinants of household debt in South Africa. Pairwise regression is used to select the most relevant variables affecting household regression in the country. The results of the study showed that consumer confidence, the bond market index and the vulnerability index have a positive effect on household debt. As consumers' faith in the performance of the economy increases, household debt also increases as expected, reflecting consumers' belief in increased future wealth. The positive influence of the vulnerability index suggests that households tend to resort to borrowing to smooth consumption when incomes and other related factors decline. It is recommended that national policy should tighten regulations around access to unsecured credit to minimise the stress on already vulnerable households.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Zimucha, Tinashe M
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Consumer credit -- South Africa Finance, Personal -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/7967 , vital:31325
- Description: Significant changes have occurred in South Africa during the past decades in household saving and borrowing behaviour. The rapid increase in South Africa’s household debt over the last twenty years has been an international phenomenon. In most countries, household debt increased from the 1990s until the crisis of 2007–2008 before stabilising due to a recession and deleveraging. The study used an ARDL model to investigate the determinants of household debt in South Africa. Pairwise regression is used to select the most relevant variables affecting household regression in the country. The results of the study showed that consumer confidence, the bond market index and the vulnerability index have a positive effect on household debt. As consumers' faith in the performance of the economy increases, household debt also increases as expected, reflecting consumers' belief in increased future wealth. The positive influence of the vulnerability index suggests that households tend to resort to borrowing to smooth consumption when incomes and other related factors decline. It is recommended that national policy should tighten regulations around access to unsecured credit to minimise the stress on already vulnerable households.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Implementation of strategies used to manage conflict between students and staff in secondary schools in Malawi : towards a comprehensive framework
- Authors: Zimpita, Valentino Tipitana
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Conflict management Conflict management -- Study and teaching Violence -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9412 , vital:34348
- Description: The study aimed at examining how strategies used to manage conflict between students and staff in secondary schools in Malawi were implemented. This was after it had been noted that conflicts in secondary schools in Malawi usually ended in violence. The study employed a pragmatic research paradigm. In this paradigm, a researcher employs mixed methods approach which collects both quantitative and qualitative data. Using a concurrent triangulation mixed method design, the two types of data were collected concurrently and analysed simultaneously. Study participants were head teachers, teachers, students, education officials and parents. Most of the teachers were randomly sampled while a few other teachers, the head teachers, the education officials and the parents were purposefully sampled. The study found that there were various causes of conflict in secondary schools in Malawi which included misunderstanding of human rights, poor communication between students and staff, poor school management by head teachers and lack of students‘ involvement in decisions that concerned them. The study further found that conflict was in a way beneficial to schools as it was a learning point for both students and staff. However, such benefits were overshadowed by the many evils that violence brought such as disturbing teaching and learning. The study also found that there were two approaches in the way schools managed conflict; engagement of students and calling for police intervention. It transpired that on the overall, stakeholders were aware of different conflict management skills but they did not know how best to use them. In addition, it transpired that stakeholders were not comfortable with win-win approaches to conflict management. This was against a background that the stakeholders were involved in conflict management in different ways. It also came out clear that support to secondary schools in the management of conflict was at two levels; school level and system level. On the part of monitoring, it transpired that the mechanism which were there were ad hoc and they included inspection visits and the requirement that head teachers should always submit reports which could carry issues related to conflict. The study concluded that poorly managed conflicts which turned into violence were a menace to secondary schools in Malawi. In this regard, there was need to ensure effective conflict management in order to avoid violence. To achieve this, the study has made a number of recommendations. Among them, it has been recommended that schools should from time to time take stork of the likely causes of conflict and address them accordingly. It has also been recommended that schools should put in place mechanisms for ensuring two way communication so that students feel free to air out their concerns. At Ministry level, it has been recommended that the MoEST should take guidance and counselling seriously by among other things training teacher councillors and making the post an established one. It has also been recommended that the MoEST should make sure that head teachers, deputy head teachers, teachers, parents and even education officials are inducted in conflict management.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Zimpita, Valentino Tipitana
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Conflict management Conflict management -- Study and teaching Violence -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9412 , vital:34348
- Description: The study aimed at examining how strategies used to manage conflict between students and staff in secondary schools in Malawi were implemented. This was after it had been noted that conflicts in secondary schools in Malawi usually ended in violence. The study employed a pragmatic research paradigm. In this paradigm, a researcher employs mixed methods approach which collects both quantitative and qualitative data. Using a concurrent triangulation mixed method design, the two types of data were collected concurrently and analysed simultaneously. Study participants were head teachers, teachers, students, education officials and parents. Most of the teachers were randomly sampled while a few other teachers, the head teachers, the education officials and the parents were purposefully sampled. The study found that there were various causes of conflict in secondary schools in Malawi which included misunderstanding of human rights, poor communication between students and staff, poor school management by head teachers and lack of students‘ involvement in decisions that concerned them. The study further found that conflict was in a way beneficial to schools as it was a learning point for both students and staff. However, such benefits were overshadowed by the many evils that violence brought such as disturbing teaching and learning. The study also found that there were two approaches in the way schools managed conflict; engagement of students and calling for police intervention. It transpired that on the overall, stakeholders were aware of different conflict management skills but they did not know how best to use them. In addition, it transpired that stakeholders were not comfortable with win-win approaches to conflict management. This was against a background that the stakeholders were involved in conflict management in different ways. It also came out clear that support to secondary schools in the management of conflict was at two levels; school level and system level. On the part of monitoring, it transpired that the mechanism which were there were ad hoc and they included inspection visits and the requirement that head teachers should always submit reports which could carry issues related to conflict. The study concluded that poorly managed conflicts which turned into violence were a menace to secondary schools in Malawi. In this regard, there was need to ensure effective conflict management in order to avoid violence. To achieve this, the study has made a number of recommendations. Among them, it has been recommended that schools should from time to time take stork of the likely causes of conflict and address them accordingly. It has also been recommended that schools should put in place mechanisms for ensuring two way communication so that students feel free to air out their concerns. At Ministry level, it has been recommended that the MoEST should take guidance and counselling seriously by among other things training teacher councillors and making the post an established one. It has also been recommended that the MoEST should make sure that head teachers, deputy head teachers, teachers, parents and even education officials are inducted in conflict management.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The physical activity status and the impact of lifestyle behaviours on workplace productivity and absenteeism of Transnet employees
- Authors: Zimmermann, Sharnae Vanessa
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Transnet (Firm : South Africa) Employees , Absenteeism (Labor) South Africa Durban , Labor productivity South Africa Durban , Exercise , Sedentary behavior , Lifestyles
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190077 , vital:44961
- Description: Increased sitting time, insufficient physical activity and sub-optimal body composition are all contributing to the global disease burden. This is made evident by increases in obesity, type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (i.e. hypertension and strokes), cancer and other non-communicable diseases resulting in absenteeism and reduced productivity in the workplace. The global rise in sitting time and physical inactivity is caused, in part, by changes in transport convenience, work roles and technological advancements. Employees working in office environments or driving trains sit for prolonged periods; something which is evident in the industry that Transnet operates in. Sitting time and physical inactivity are independent risk factors for non-communicable diseases with poor nutrition, smoking, alcohol consumption and psychological wellbeing, being separate constructs. The purpose of the study is to determine the levels of sedentary behaviour, physical inactivity, obesity, nutrition, alcohol consumption, smoking, non-communicable disease risk, mental wellbeing and their association with productivity and absenteeism in office workers and train drivers at Transnet Freight Rail, Durban. A cross-sectional study was done with 40 participants, 20 office workers and 20 train drivers. Stature (175.80 ± 9.43 ±cm) and body mass (83.85 ± 20.31 kg) were measured; and body mass index calculated (26.98 ± 5.37 kg.m2). Physical activity levels, sedentary behaviour, body mass index and other lifestyle factors were explored using an amended version of The Health and Wellbeing survey, a self-report measure. The results revealed that there was a high prevalence of sedentary behaviour (train drivers = 7.85 ± 2.21 and office workers = 8.3 ± 1.03), particularly among office workers. Most of the participants had a relatively high body mass index, placing in the overweight and obese category, particularly among train drivers. The prevalence of physical inactivity was marginally higher for office workers compared to train drivers. There were significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of physical activity within train drivers with a moderate effect size. There were limited associations found between lifestyle factors and sickness absenteeism and worker productivity. Obesity had the most prominent relationship with noncommunicable diseases, followed by high levels of sedentary behaviour, not meeting physical activity guidelines, obesity, overweight, and prolonged sitting time at work. A significant and moderate correlation was found between obesity and absenteeism (train drivers: r = 0.32 and office workers: r= 0.46), however, no associations were found between sedentary behaviour, physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake and absenteeism. Lastly, the association between physical activity and productivity among the train drivers was low negative (r=-0.15) which was not significant (p>0.05). The associations between physical activity and productivity among office workers, however, was both significant (p<0.05) and moderate positive (r=0.39). The vegetable intake among the office workers showed a significant (p<0.05) moderate positive association with productivity (r=0.49). The association between vegetable intake and productivity among the train drivers was not significant (p>0.05) and low positive (r=0.16). There was a significant (p<0.05) and moderate positive association between fruit intake and productivity among both train drivers (r=0.43) and office workers (r=0.47). No significant associations between sedentary behaviour and obesity and productivity were found. The current study provided new insight into the risks associated with lifestyle factors of office workers and train drivers in the transportation sector. The poor lifestyle factors, together with the high prevalence of sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity, provide ideal opportunities for future interventions to focus on workers productivity and overall wellbeing. The job design of train drivers and office workers does not place significant importance on employee health and wellness. Essentially they are not “healthy” but they work productively, giving reason as to why employee wellness is not a priority for employers. The current findings of the study suggest that adopting regular physical activity, healthy dietary patterns and reduced sitting time should be promoted as key components of lifestyle interventions for the prevention of non-communicable diseases in office workers and train drivers. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
- Authors: Zimmermann, Sharnae Vanessa
- Date: 2021-10
- Subjects: Transnet (Firm : South Africa) Employees , Absenteeism (Labor) South Africa Durban , Labor productivity South Africa Durban , Exercise , Sedentary behavior , Lifestyles
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190077 , vital:44961
- Description: Increased sitting time, insufficient physical activity and sub-optimal body composition are all contributing to the global disease burden. This is made evident by increases in obesity, type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (i.e. hypertension and strokes), cancer and other non-communicable diseases resulting in absenteeism and reduced productivity in the workplace. The global rise in sitting time and physical inactivity is caused, in part, by changes in transport convenience, work roles and technological advancements. Employees working in office environments or driving trains sit for prolonged periods; something which is evident in the industry that Transnet operates in. Sitting time and physical inactivity are independent risk factors for non-communicable diseases with poor nutrition, smoking, alcohol consumption and psychological wellbeing, being separate constructs. The purpose of the study is to determine the levels of sedentary behaviour, physical inactivity, obesity, nutrition, alcohol consumption, smoking, non-communicable disease risk, mental wellbeing and their association with productivity and absenteeism in office workers and train drivers at Transnet Freight Rail, Durban. A cross-sectional study was done with 40 participants, 20 office workers and 20 train drivers. Stature (175.80 ± 9.43 ±cm) and body mass (83.85 ± 20.31 kg) were measured; and body mass index calculated (26.98 ± 5.37 kg.m2). Physical activity levels, sedentary behaviour, body mass index and other lifestyle factors were explored using an amended version of The Health and Wellbeing survey, a self-report measure. The results revealed that there was a high prevalence of sedentary behaviour (train drivers = 7.85 ± 2.21 and office workers = 8.3 ± 1.03), particularly among office workers. Most of the participants had a relatively high body mass index, placing in the overweight and obese category, particularly among train drivers. The prevalence of physical inactivity was marginally higher for office workers compared to train drivers. There were significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of physical activity within train drivers with a moderate effect size. There were limited associations found between lifestyle factors and sickness absenteeism and worker productivity. Obesity had the most prominent relationship with noncommunicable diseases, followed by high levels of sedentary behaviour, not meeting physical activity guidelines, obesity, overweight, and prolonged sitting time at work. A significant and moderate correlation was found between obesity and absenteeism (train drivers: r = 0.32 and office workers: r= 0.46), however, no associations were found between sedentary behaviour, physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake and absenteeism. Lastly, the association between physical activity and productivity among the train drivers was low negative (r=-0.15) which was not significant (p>0.05). The associations between physical activity and productivity among office workers, however, was both significant (p<0.05) and moderate positive (r=0.39). The vegetable intake among the office workers showed a significant (p<0.05) moderate positive association with productivity (r=0.49). The association between vegetable intake and productivity among the train drivers was not significant (p>0.05) and low positive (r=0.16). There was a significant (p<0.05) and moderate positive association between fruit intake and productivity among both train drivers (r=0.43) and office workers (r=0.47). No significant associations between sedentary behaviour and obesity and productivity were found. The current study provided new insight into the risks associated with lifestyle factors of office workers and train drivers in the transportation sector. The poor lifestyle factors, together with the high prevalence of sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity, provide ideal opportunities for future interventions to focus on workers productivity and overall wellbeing. The job design of train drivers and office workers does not place significant importance on employee health and wellness. Essentially they are not “healthy” but they work productively, giving reason as to why employee wellness is not a priority for employers. The current findings of the study suggest that adopting regular physical activity, healthy dietary patterns and reduced sitting time should be promoted as key components of lifestyle interventions for the prevention of non-communicable diseases in office workers and train drivers. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10
The ecology and control of Opuntia Aurantiaca in South Africa in relation to the cochineal insect, Dactylopius Austrinus
- Authors: Zimmermann, Helmuth G
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Cochineal insect -- South Africa Cactus -- South Africa Weeds -- Control -- South Africa Insect-plant relationships
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003061
- Description: The cochineal insect Dactylopius austrinus De Lotto, which was released on jointed cactus, Opuntia aurantiaca Lindley, in South Africa in 1932, failed to bring the weed under an acceptable level of control in spite of the encouraging results during the first few years after release. The reasons for this apparent failure were never clearly understood. In 1957 the State embarked on an intensive herbicidal control programme which is still in force today. This sustained and expensive programme has undoubtedly reduced the density of the weed in most areas but has failed to solve the problem and the plant continues to expand its range. The biological control of o. aurantiaca in South Africa has been fundamentally influenced by this chemical control campaign. The relationship between chemical and biological control methods is reported in this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Zimmermann, Helmuth G
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Cochineal insect -- South Africa Cactus -- South Africa Weeds -- Control -- South Africa Insect-plant relationships
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003061
- Description: The cochineal insect Dactylopius austrinus De Lotto, which was released on jointed cactus, Opuntia aurantiaca Lindley, in South Africa in 1932, failed to bring the weed under an acceptable level of control in spite of the encouraging results during the first few years after release. The reasons for this apparent failure were never clearly understood. In 1957 the State embarked on an intensive herbicidal control programme which is still in force today. This sustained and expensive programme has undoubtedly reduced the density of the weed in most areas but has failed to solve the problem and the plant continues to expand its range. The biological control of o. aurantiaca in South Africa has been fundamentally influenced by this chemical control campaign. The relationship between chemical and biological control methods is reported in this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
Grand challenges in urban agriculture: ecological and social approaches to transformative sustainability
- Zimmerer, Karl S, Bell, Martha G, Chirisa, Innocent, Duvall, Chris S, Egerer, Monika, Hung, Po-Yi, Lerner, Amy M, Shackleton, Charlie M, Ward, James D, Ochoa, Carolina Y
- Authors: Zimmerer, Karl S , Bell, Martha G , Chirisa, Innocent , Duvall, Chris S , Egerer, Monika , Hung, Po-Yi , Lerner, Amy M , Shackleton, Charlie M , Ward, James D , Ochoa, Carolina Y
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/402287 , vital:69838 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.668561"
- Description: This synopsis of the Grand Challenges of Urban Agriculture (UA) is framed by the urgent need to understand and strengthen the expanding yet highly diverse roles of UA amid rapid global urbanization, failures of predominant food systems, and crises in systems of physical and mental health. More than half of humanity lives in cities today and by 2030 this is projected to grow to 60.4 percent, ∼5 billion people (UN Habitat, 2020). More than 90 percent of urban demographic increase is anticipated to take place in the developing world. Ecological and social dimensions of UA are situated in these expanding spaces of cities, towns, and villages (along with their urban fringe or peri-urban areas), and among their diverse populations. UA is further situated in the powerful, far-reaching influences of urbanization processes that occur within and beyond these spaces. UA is thus integral to the prospect of Urban Sustainability as SDG 11 (“Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”) of the U.N.’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Zimmerer, Karl S , Bell, Martha G , Chirisa, Innocent , Duvall, Chris S , Egerer, Monika , Hung, Po-Yi , Lerner, Amy M , Shackleton, Charlie M , Ward, James D , Ochoa, Carolina Y
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/402287 , vital:69838 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.668561"
- Description: This synopsis of the Grand Challenges of Urban Agriculture (UA) is framed by the urgent need to understand and strengthen the expanding yet highly diverse roles of UA amid rapid global urbanization, failures of predominant food systems, and crises in systems of physical and mental health. More than half of humanity lives in cities today and by 2030 this is projected to grow to 60.4 percent, ∼5 billion people (UN Habitat, 2020). More than 90 percent of urban demographic increase is anticipated to take place in the developing world. Ecological and social dimensions of UA are situated in these expanding spaces of cities, towns, and villages (along with their urban fringe or peri-urban areas), and among their diverse populations. UA is further situated in the powerful, far-reaching influences of urbanization processes that occur within and beyond these spaces. UA is thus integral to the prospect of Urban Sustainability as SDG 11 (“Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”) of the U.N.’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Specialty Grand Challenges in Urban Agriculture: Ecological and Social Approaches to Sustainability Transformations
- Zimmerer, Karl S, Bell, Martha G, Chirisa, Innocent, Duvall, Chris S, Egerer, Monika, Hung, Po-Yi, Lerner, Amy M, Shackleton, Charlie M, Ward, James David, Yacamán Ochoa, Carolina
- Authors: Zimmerer, Karl S , Bell, Martha G , Chirisa, Innocent , Duvall, Chris S , Egerer, Monika , Hung, Po-Yi , Lerner, Amy M , Shackleton, Charlie M , Ward, James David , Yacamán Ochoa, Carolina
- Date: 2021
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175779 , vital:42623 , https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.668561
- Description: This synopsis of the Grand Challenges of Urban Agriculture (UA) is framed by the urgent need to understand and strengthen the expanding yet highly diverse roles of UA amid rapid global urbanization, failures of predominant food systems, and crises in systems of physical and mental health. More than half of humanity lives in cities today and by 2030 this is projected to grow to 60.4 percent, ~5 billion people (UN Habitat, 2020). More than 90 percent of urban demographic increase is anticipated to take place in the developing world.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Zimmerer, Karl S , Bell, Martha G , Chirisa, Innocent , Duvall, Chris S , Egerer, Monika , Hung, Po-Yi , Lerner, Amy M , Shackleton, Charlie M , Ward, James David , Yacamán Ochoa, Carolina
- Date: 2021
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175779 , vital:42623 , https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.668561
- Description: This synopsis of the Grand Challenges of Urban Agriculture (UA) is framed by the urgent need to understand and strengthen the expanding yet highly diverse roles of UA amid rapid global urbanization, failures of predominant food systems, and crises in systems of physical and mental health. More than half of humanity lives in cities today and by 2030 this is projected to grow to 60.4 percent, ~5 billion people (UN Habitat, 2020). More than 90 percent of urban demographic increase is anticipated to take place in the developing world.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021