Improving leadership development in the Eastern Cape Treasury: a succession planning and leadership development study
- Authors: Zuzile, Zikhona Siviwe
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Development leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Executive succession -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19575 , vital:28895
- Description: Leadership development is very important in business and much is often said about ‘growing’ leaders in business organisations. Leadership development cannot be achieved in one training course or programme, but should rather be an everyday practice of existing leaders. Leader development concentrates on individual leader development, enrichment or attainment of within-person competence while leadership development concentrates on relational development. This paper addresses and outlines how an all-inclusive method to leadership development and succession planning is needed for the employees of the Eastern Cape Treasury. It also looks at the willingness of the existing leadership in government to coach and mentor the youth of today to take on a leadership role when the current leaders exit the market. The head office in Bhisho for the Eastern Cape Treasury has 390 employees and in total, when combined with district offices around the Eastern Cape, there are 454. The questionnaire was sent out to 80 employees and 55 of those were filled and returned to the researcher. The targeted employees were those in the following positions: Administrative Officer, Assistant Director, Deputy Director, Director and Chief Director. The empirical results though showed that Autocratic Leadership and Satisfaction with Compensation Package had no correlation with Leadership development, whereas Organisational Culture, Senior Management Support and Participative Leadership Style showed positive correlation with Leadership development success. Implementing the recommendations might help with improving leadership development in the Provincial Treasury.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Zuzile, Zikhona Siviwe
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Development leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Executive succession -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19575 , vital:28895
- Description: Leadership development is very important in business and much is often said about ‘growing’ leaders in business organisations. Leadership development cannot be achieved in one training course or programme, but should rather be an everyday practice of existing leaders. Leader development concentrates on individual leader development, enrichment or attainment of within-person competence while leadership development concentrates on relational development. This paper addresses and outlines how an all-inclusive method to leadership development and succession planning is needed for the employees of the Eastern Cape Treasury. It also looks at the willingness of the existing leadership in government to coach and mentor the youth of today to take on a leadership role when the current leaders exit the market. The head office in Bhisho for the Eastern Cape Treasury has 390 employees and in total, when combined with district offices around the Eastern Cape, there are 454. The questionnaire was sent out to 80 employees and 55 of those were filled and returned to the researcher. The targeted employees were those in the following positions: Administrative Officer, Assistant Director, Deputy Director, Director and Chief Director. The empirical results though showed that Autocratic Leadership and Satisfaction with Compensation Package had no correlation with Leadership development, whereas Organisational Culture, Senior Management Support and Participative Leadership Style showed positive correlation with Leadership development success. Implementing the recommendations might help with improving leadership development in the Provincial Treasury.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The influence of individual employee performance metrics on a sub-culture in a professional services firm in Durban, South Africa
- Authors: Zvarevashe, Marshall
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Performance -- Evaluation Corporate culture -- South Africa Organizational effectiveness Leadership Management -- South Africa Organizational behavior -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:714 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001868
- Description: In today’s fast paced and global economy, competitive advantage is increasingly focused more on organisational behaviours rather than on the traditional tenets of land, labour and capital. Going beyond the traditional, organisations that are best able to get the most and the best out of their people are the ones most likely to perform better. This study aims to build an understanding of how culture is influenced by individual employee performance metrics that are used in an organisation. Previous research has been done in the broad fields of organisational culture and employee performance metrics separately, but no studies were identified in literature that focused on the interaction of the two concepts specifically. Therefore, this study seeks to answer the following research question: How do individual employee performance metrics influence sub-culture in the context of a professional services firm in Durban? This study predominantly focused not on performance at the organisational level, but rather the more granular level of individual employee performance metrics and sub-culture in one of the divisions of a professional services firm. This qualitative study explores the multiple perspectives of reality of ten of the 32 managers in the Advisory division of a professional services organisation, regarding how individual employee performance metrics influence their world view of work, or the way they perceive, think, feel and interact in the world of work. The focus of the study was limited to one department, in one branch of a multinational organisation and focused only on the horizontal layer of the “manager group” within the staff levels. Semi-structured, in-depth and face-to-face interviews were conducted with these managers as a means of gathering and saturating data. Interviewees were identified using a stratified sampling from the group of managers in the Advisory division. Open coding and constant comparison was used to analyse data. Page ii of viii The results of the study show that managers had very varied and complex perceptions of how the individual performance metrics used to assess their performance influence the sub-culture of their world of work. The key findings manifested that misuse and abuse of performance metrics by leaders, leadership bias in respect to recognition, reward and remunerations, the predominant focus of the division on the bottom line and emphasis on success at all cost, and low employee morale were all aspects of performance that impacted on how employees behaved in the division. The effect of these factors on the managers operating in this division was that there were low levels of employee commitment which were experienced through low morale and reduced productivity; managers felt that there was a restriction in the development of their careers, all of which resulted in a disregard to values of the organisation. This study reflects how the reward and recognition system using the balanced scorecard has shifted the focus of the department away from the organisation’s espoused values. This has resulted in various leadership and management questions for the leadership of the division in this study. This research also adds to existing literature that links performance and culture within the organisational context that it goes beyond the prevalent themes in literature which focus on performance at the organisation level. This study focuses on performance at the employee level and in particular in a professional services firm in South Africa. The study has three interrelated sections which are however considered as standalone. The first section is an evaluation report based on the Advisory division of a professional services firm in Durban, South Africa, and consists of a literature review, the methodology followed in conducting the study, results and the discussion thereof. The report also highlights limitations of the study, recommendations and the perceived value of the study. The report ends with a summary in the form of a conclusion. Section 2 comprises a more comprehensive literature review while Section 3 documents the research methodology followed in the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Zvarevashe, Marshall
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Performance -- Evaluation Corporate culture -- South Africa Organizational effectiveness Leadership Management -- South Africa Organizational behavior -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:714 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001868
- Description: In today’s fast paced and global economy, competitive advantage is increasingly focused more on organisational behaviours rather than on the traditional tenets of land, labour and capital. Going beyond the traditional, organisations that are best able to get the most and the best out of their people are the ones most likely to perform better. This study aims to build an understanding of how culture is influenced by individual employee performance metrics that are used in an organisation. Previous research has been done in the broad fields of organisational culture and employee performance metrics separately, but no studies were identified in literature that focused on the interaction of the two concepts specifically. Therefore, this study seeks to answer the following research question: How do individual employee performance metrics influence sub-culture in the context of a professional services firm in Durban? This study predominantly focused not on performance at the organisational level, but rather the more granular level of individual employee performance metrics and sub-culture in one of the divisions of a professional services firm. This qualitative study explores the multiple perspectives of reality of ten of the 32 managers in the Advisory division of a professional services organisation, regarding how individual employee performance metrics influence their world view of work, or the way they perceive, think, feel and interact in the world of work. The focus of the study was limited to one department, in one branch of a multinational organisation and focused only on the horizontal layer of the “manager group” within the staff levels. Semi-structured, in-depth and face-to-face interviews were conducted with these managers as a means of gathering and saturating data. Interviewees were identified using a stratified sampling from the group of managers in the Advisory division. Open coding and constant comparison was used to analyse data. Page ii of viii The results of the study show that managers had very varied and complex perceptions of how the individual performance metrics used to assess their performance influence the sub-culture of their world of work. The key findings manifested that misuse and abuse of performance metrics by leaders, leadership bias in respect to recognition, reward and remunerations, the predominant focus of the division on the bottom line and emphasis on success at all cost, and low employee morale were all aspects of performance that impacted on how employees behaved in the division. The effect of these factors on the managers operating in this division was that there were low levels of employee commitment which were experienced through low morale and reduced productivity; managers felt that there was a restriction in the development of their careers, all of which resulted in a disregard to values of the organisation. This study reflects how the reward and recognition system using the balanced scorecard has shifted the focus of the department away from the organisation’s espoused values. This has resulted in various leadership and management questions for the leadership of the division in this study. This research also adds to existing literature that links performance and culture within the organisational context that it goes beyond the prevalent themes in literature which focus on performance at the organisation level. This study focuses on performance at the employee level and in particular in a professional services firm in South Africa. The study has three interrelated sections which are however considered as standalone. The first section is an evaluation report based on the Advisory division of a professional services firm in Durban, South Africa, and consists of a literature review, the methodology followed in conducting the study, results and the discussion thereof. The report also highlights limitations of the study, recommendations and the perceived value of the study. The report ends with a summary in the form of a conclusion. Section 2 comprises a more comprehensive literature review while Section 3 documents the research methodology followed in the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Dumping, antidumping and the future prospects for fair international trade
- Authors: Zvidza, Tinevimbo
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Dumping -- International trade -- International trade -- Fair trad , Foreign trade regulation -- International cooperation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:11114 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/100 , Dumping -- International trade -- International trade -- Fair trad , Foreign trade regulation -- International cooperation
- Description: More than a century has passed since Canada adopted the first antidumping law in 1904. Similar legislation in most of the major trading nations followed the Canadian legislation prior to and after the World War II. Antidumping provisions were later integrated into the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) after the said war. Today, nearly all developed and developing countries have this type of legislation in place within their municipal legal framework. The subject of antidumping has received growing attention in international trade policy and has become a source of tension between trading nations. This is evident in the substantial increase of antidumping actions since the establishment of the WTO. Antidumping policy has emerged as a significant trade barrier because of its misuse by both developed and developing countries. The primary instruments governing antidumping actions are GATT Article VI and the Antidumping Agreement (ADA). The ADA contains both the substantive and procedural rules governing the interpretation and application of the instrument. Its purpose is to ensure that the instrument is used only as a contingency measure judged upon merit and not as a disguised protectionist device. Given the growing number of countries participating more actively in the world trading system and the notorious misuse of antidumping provisions, there is a vital need to critically analyse the key provisions of the said instruments. This study is an attempt at that academic enterprise. It concludes by giving proposals for future reform of both real and potential future reform of the current WTO antidumping regime. Dumping, antidumping, antidumping regulation, antidumping duties, like products, dumping margin, zeroing, facts available, protectionism, ADA.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Zvidza, Tinevimbo
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Dumping -- International trade -- International trade -- Fair trad , Foreign trade regulation -- International cooperation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:11114 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/100 , Dumping -- International trade -- International trade -- Fair trad , Foreign trade regulation -- International cooperation
- Description: More than a century has passed since Canada adopted the first antidumping law in 1904. Similar legislation in most of the major trading nations followed the Canadian legislation prior to and after the World War II. Antidumping provisions were later integrated into the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) after the said war. Today, nearly all developed and developing countries have this type of legislation in place within their municipal legal framework. The subject of antidumping has received growing attention in international trade policy and has become a source of tension between trading nations. This is evident in the substantial increase of antidumping actions since the establishment of the WTO. Antidumping policy has emerged as a significant trade barrier because of its misuse by both developed and developing countries. The primary instruments governing antidumping actions are GATT Article VI and the Antidumping Agreement (ADA). The ADA contains both the substantive and procedural rules governing the interpretation and application of the instrument. Its purpose is to ensure that the instrument is used only as a contingency measure judged upon merit and not as a disguised protectionist device. Given the growing number of countries participating more actively in the world trading system and the notorious misuse of antidumping provisions, there is a vital need to critically analyse the key provisions of the said instruments. This study is an attempt at that academic enterprise. It concludes by giving proposals for future reform of both real and potential future reform of the current WTO antidumping regime. Dumping, antidumping, antidumping regulation, antidumping duties, like products, dumping margin, zeroing, facts available, protectionism, ADA.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Investigation of the potency of topical corticosteroids using the vasoconstrictor assay
- Authors: Zvidzayi, Kudzayi Michael
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65279 , vital:28717
- Description: Expected release date-May 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Zvidzayi, Kudzayi Michael
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65279 , vital:28717
- Description: Expected release date-May 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System modelling of surface topology in ultra-high precision diamond turning of rapidly solidified aluminium grade (RSA 443)
- Authors: Zvikomborero, Hweju
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Mechatronics Surface roughness -- Measurement
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEng
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49441 , vital:41721
- Description: Surface roughness prediction is a crucial stage during product manufacturing since it acts as a quality indicator. This investigative research thesis presents an online surface roughness prediction, based on the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model during Ultra-High Precision Diamond Turning (UHPDT) of Rapidly Solidified Aluminium (RSA-443) using water and kerosene as coolants. Based on the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, the cutting parameters (spindle speed, depth of cut and feed rate) are varied at three levels. Acoustic Emission (AE) signals are detected during the UHPDT process using a piezoelectric sensor. Spindle speed, depth of cut, feed rate, AE root mean square, prominent frequency and peak rate are considered as model inputs in this thesis. The experimental results reveal that a better surface finish is obtained using water coolant in comparison to kerosene coolant. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) based comparison between ANFIS and Response Surface Method (RSM) is carried out. In this study, the ANFIS model has a prediction accuracy of 79.42% and 69.40% on water-based and kerosene-based results respectively. The RSM model yields higher prediction accuracies of 98.59% and 95.55% on water-based and kerosene-based results respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Zvikomborero, Hweju
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Mechatronics Surface roughness -- Measurement
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEng
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49441 , vital:41721
- Description: Surface roughness prediction is a crucial stage during product manufacturing since it acts as a quality indicator. This investigative research thesis presents an online surface roughness prediction, based on the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model during Ultra-High Precision Diamond Turning (UHPDT) of Rapidly Solidified Aluminium (RSA-443) using water and kerosene as coolants. Based on the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, the cutting parameters (spindle speed, depth of cut and feed rate) are varied at three levels. Acoustic Emission (AE) signals are detected during the UHPDT process using a piezoelectric sensor. Spindle speed, depth of cut, feed rate, AE root mean square, prominent frequency and peak rate are considered as model inputs in this thesis. The experimental results reveal that a better surface finish is obtained using water coolant in comparison to kerosene coolant. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) based comparison between ANFIS and Response Surface Method (RSM) is carried out. In this study, the ANFIS model has a prediction accuracy of 79.42% and 69.40% on water-based and kerosene-based results respectively. The RSM model yields higher prediction accuracies of 98.59% and 95.55% on water-based and kerosene-based results respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Housing price volatility: exploring metropolitan property markets in South Africa
- Authors: Zwane, Reuben Mabutho
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Housing -- Prices -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21560 , vital:29554
- Description: This study analyses the housing price volatility in metropolitan areas in South Africa, particularly Port Elizabeth and East London residential housing markets. This study uses secondary statistical data, obtained from secondary sources. The study uses quarterly time series data for the period 1981:1 to 2015:3 giving 139 observations. The data will be collected from different sources. The main sources of data are real estate agencies (Trafalgar, Harcourts and Property24), the South African Department of Trade and Industry (dti) and supplemented by the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) and Statistics South Africa (Stats SA). The study shall use the ordinary least squares (OLS) method to estimate its results. Ordinarily, this is a generalised linear modelling technique that may be used to model a single response variable which has been recorded on at least an interval scale. This method requires that the underlying stochastic processes of the variables are stationary. That is, explanatory variables should exhibit constant means and variances over time. If the stochastic processes are not stationary, OLS produces unreliably significant coefficients. Results showed that household savings, household income and total growth in household buildings (TGH) are statistically significant in explaining changes in house prices. Jointly, all the explanatory variables can account for almost 52% of the changes in the dependent variable. The Durbin Watson statistic showed that there is no autocorrelation in the model. This shows that the model is good. Results from the regression show that there is a negative relationship between house prices and household savings. A one-unit increase in household savings leads to a 0.407 decrease in house prices. This relationship makes economic sense because when households save, there is less income available to buy houses. When there is less income available to buy houses, it would mean there is less demand for houses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Zwane, Reuben Mabutho
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Housing -- Prices -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21560 , vital:29554
- Description: This study analyses the housing price volatility in metropolitan areas in South Africa, particularly Port Elizabeth and East London residential housing markets. This study uses secondary statistical data, obtained from secondary sources. The study uses quarterly time series data for the period 1981:1 to 2015:3 giving 139 observations. The data will be collected from different sources. The main sources of data are real estate agencies (Trafalgar, Harcourts and Property24), the South African Department of Trade and Industry (dti) and supplemented by the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) and Statistics South Africa (Stats SA). The study shall use the ordinary least squares (OLS) method to estimate its results. Ordinarily, this is a generalised linear modelling technique that may be used to model a single response variable which has been recorded on at least an interval scale. This method requires that the underlying stochastic processes of the variables are stationary. That is, explanatory variables should exhibit constant means and variances over time. If the stochastic processes are not stationary, OLS produces unreliably significant coefficients. Results showed that household savings, household income and total growth in household buildings (TGH) are statistically significant in explaining changes in house prices. Jointly, all the explanatory variables can account for almost 52% of the changes in the dependent variable. The Durbin Watson statistic showed that there is no autocorrelation in the model. This shows that the model is good. Results from the regression show that there is a negative relationship between house prices and household savings. A one-unit increase in household savings leads to a 0.407 decrease in house prices. This relationship makes economic sense because when households save, there is less income available to buy houses. When there is less income available to buy houses, it would mean there is less demand for houses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The role of performance management in the motivation of employees : a case study
- Authors: Zwane, Themba Lambert
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Performance -- Management , Employees -- Rating of -- South Africa , Employee motivation -- South Africa , Performance standards -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8595 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1090 , Performance -- Management , Employees -- Rating of -- South Africa , Employee motivation -- South Africa , Performance standards -- South Africa
- Description: After a review of the literature relevant to performance management systems both over time and across different types of organizations, this thesis confines its research To a case study of the Role of Performance Management in The Motivation of Employees in an organization. Important insight was gained into the relative importance of the performance management practices to promote desired employee outcomes. In view thereof that a discussion of performance in organizations is incomplete without reference to the construct of organizational culture, this study also provided propositions to prompt further research on the role of performance management in reinforcing a high performance organizational culture. Insightful conclusions were drawn from the results obtained and recommendations are made for future research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Zwane, Themba Lambert
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Performance -- Management , Employees -- Rating of -- South Africa , Employee motivation -- South Africa , Performance standards -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8595 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1090 , Performance -- Management , Employees -- Rating of -- South Africa , Employee motivation -- South Africa , Performance standards -- South Africa
- Description: After a review of the literature relevant to performance management systems both over time and across different types of organizations, this thesis confines its research To a case study of the Role of Performance Management in The Motivation of Employees in an organization. Important insight was gained into the relative importance of the performance management practices to promote desired employee outcomes. In view thereof that a discussion of performance in organizations is incomplete without reference to the construct of organizational culture, this study also provided propositions to prompt further research on the role of performance management in reinforcing a high performance organizational culture. Insightful conclusions were drawn from the results obtained and recommendations are made for future research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
The design of international convention centre in Swakopmund, Namibia
- Authors: Zwart, Hendrikus Johannes
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Convention facilities -- Namibia -- Swakopmund -- Designs and plans Exhibition buildings -- Namibia -- Swakopmund -- Designs and plans
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39348 , vital:35133
- Description: This treatise is a study that concerns itself with the exploration into an international convention and exhibition centre for Namibia and the appropriate architectural response in terms of its program and context. Typically convention centres tend to be large introverted buildings, lacking an engagement with its surroundings and a true sense of place. The study will aim to capture the unique essence, identity, and the spirit of place, which will be key to the development of the brief and expression of the building. The investigation and analysis will bring about a design proposal that aims to respond to the relevant issues and topic of the treatise in a meaningful, sensible, and appropriate architectural manner.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Zwart, Hendrikus Johannes
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Convention facilities -- Namibia -- Swakopmund -- Designs and plans Exhibition buildings -- Namibia -- Swakopmund -- Designs and plans
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39348 , vital:35133
- Description: This treatise is a study that concerns itself with the exploration into an international convention and exhibition centre for Namibia and the appropriate architectural response in terms of its program and context. Typically convention centres tend to be large introverted buildings, lacking an engagement with its surroundings and a true sense of place. The study will aim to capture the unique essence, identity, and the spirit of place, which will be key to the development of the brief and expression of the building. The investigation and analysis will bring about a design proposal that aims to respond to the relevant issues and topic of the treatise in a meaningful, sensible, and appropriate architectural manner.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An evaluation of the effects of land tenure security in on-farm investment and on-farm productivity: a case of the smallholder farmers in the Amathole District of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
- Authors: Zwelendaba, Vincent Vusumzi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural productivity -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11230 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1021282 , Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural productivity -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Smallholder agriculture contributes to poverty alleviation through food price reduction and employment creation. Smallholder farmers have the potential of creating employment because they are labour-intensive. Most small holder farmers in the Amathole District practices dual farming system i.e. crops and livestock production. However these farmers are faced by a number of constraints amongst these are land tenure security, lack of capital, drought, diseases, lack of access to markets and production inputs. The objectives of this study were: to investigate land tenure security impact on-farm investment and on-farm productivity by the smallholder farmers; to assess constraints encountered by the smallholder farmers, to identify factors influencing on-farm investment by the smallholder farmers and to identify factors influencing on-farm productivity by the smallholder farmers. Eighty smallholder farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages) and regression analyses. Data was for coded and processed for analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results revealed that generally, the household demographic characteristics have an influence on the decision to investment in the farm thus on farm productivity. These included age, gender, marital status, educational level and household size of the smallholder farmers. However the findings revealed that smallholder farmers were not much concerned with the land tenure security of the land as they see themselves as owners of these lands. The reason being that they always had access to their land and there were no perceived tenure insecurity threats. The majority of the smallholder farmers were not worried that they might lose their land in the future as they felt that their land tenure was secured. Although, the majority of farmers had some sense of security they still preferred a freehold tenure system as form of land tenure security. This suggests that there was a sense of insecurity among some of the smallholder farmers caused by their current tenure forms. Majority (66%) of the farmers held their land under freehold whilst leasehold and communal hold farmers constituted 5 % and 29 % respectively. Even though majority had freehold tenure system, they could not use their land as collateral when required for funding from the lending institutions because the title deeds were not registered in their names but those of deceased family members. As a result the majority was constrained by lack of credit and had low income. Lack of cash suggests that the farmers have difficulties in purchasing farm of the survey suggest that the household demographics and socio-economic variables may have an influence on the on-farm investment and on-farm productivity by the smallholder farmers. Furthermore, besides the challenges with land tenure, there are other factors that are likely to influence on-farm investment and on-farm productivity. The results of the survey revealed that smallholder farmers were faced with lot of challenges. These included lack of access to markets, grazing land, credit, farm implements, productions inputs and irrigation water. In addition to this the smallholder farmers were faced with both crops and livestock production constraints. Crop production constraints included lack of access to labour, transport, capital, storage facilities, pests, diseases, lack of management skills and severe drought. Livestock production was constrained by diseases, theft, attack by wild animals, lack of fence in the camps, labour, vaccines, dipping facilities too far and severe drought. For both crop and livestock production diseases and drought were major concerns for smallholder farmers since they were dependent on rainfall for their farming activities. With regards to improvements and investment there was little or not much investment that has been made by the smallholder farmers. One of the reasons mentioned by the farmers as the main cause for little or no investments is the lack of capital to make such improvements or investments. The study also employed empirical analysis through employing on-farm investment and on-farm productivity models of the study on the factors influencing the on-farm investment and on-farm productivity by the smallholder farmers in the study area. In both models, the independent variables were tested for their significance and it was found that some variables were significant whilst others were not. With regards to the dependent variable on-farm investment, household socio-economic factors such as household size, educational levels and farm size, had a positive influence in on-farm investment and were also statistically significant. On the other side, factors such as land tenure security, age, gender, household income and access to markets did not have any influence and were not statistically significant. From the perspective of on-farm productivity variables such as farm size, access to credit and access to extension services had a positive influence. However, variables such as land tenure security, age, household income, educational levels, access to implements, were negatively influencing onfarm productivity by the smallholder farmers. Key words: Land tenure security, smallholder farmers, on-farm investment & on-farm productivity
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Zwelendaba, Vincent Vusumzi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural productivity -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11230 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1021282 , Land tenure -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural productivity -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Smallholder agriculture contributes to poverty alleviation through food price reduction and employment creation. Smallholder farmers have the potential of creating employment because they are labour-intensive. Most small holder farmers in the Amathole District practices dual farming system i.e. crops and livestock production. However these farmers are faced by a number of constraints amongst these are land tenure security, lack of capital, drought, diseases, lack of access to markets and production inputs. The objectives of this study were: to investigate land tenure security impact on-farm investment and on-farm productivity by the smallholder farmers; to assess constraints encountered by the smallholder farmers, to identify factors influencing on-farm investment by the smallholder farmers and to identify factors influencing on-farm productivity by the smallholder farmers. Eighty smallholder farmers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages) and regression analyses. Data was for coded and processed for analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results revealed that generally, the household demographic characteristics have an influence on the decision to investment in the farm thus on farm productivity. These included age, gender, marital status, educational level and household size of the smallholder farmers. However the findings revealed that smallholder farmers were not much concerned with the land tenure security of the land as they see themselves as owners of these lands. The reason being that they always had access to their land and there were no perceived tenure insecurity threats. The majority of the smallholder farmers were not worried that they might lose their land in the future as they felt that their land tenure was secured. Although, the majority of farmers had some sense of security they still preferred a freehold tenure system as form of land tenure security. This suggests that there was a sense of insecurity among some of the smallholder farmers caused by their current tenure forms. Majority (66%) of the farmers held their land under freehold whilst leasehold and communal hold farmers constituted 5 % and 29 % respectively. Even though majority had freehold tenure system, they could not use their land as collateral when required for funding from the lending institutions because the title deeds were not registered in their names but those of deceased family members. As a result the majority was constrained by lack of credit and had low income. Lack of cash suggests that the farmers have difficulties in purchasing farm of the survey suggest that the household demographics and socio-economic variables may have an influence on the on-farm investment and on-farm productivity by the smallholder farmers. Furthermore, besides the challenges with land tenure, there are other factors that are likely to influence on-farm investment and on-farm productivity. The results of the survey revealed that smallholder farmers were faced with lot of challenges. These included lack of access to markets, grazing land, credit, farm implements, productions inputs and irrigation water. In addition to this the smallholder farmers were faced with both crops and livestock production constraints. Crop production constraints included lack of access to labour, transport, capital, storage facilities, pests, diseases, lack of management skills and severe drought. Livestock production was constrained by diseases, theft, attack by wild animals, lack of fence in the camps, labour, vaccines, dipping facilities too far and severe drought. For both crop and livestock production diseases and drought were major concerns for smallholder farmers since they were dependent on rainfall for their farming activities. With regards to improvements and investment there was little or not much investment that has been made by the smallholder farmers. One of the reasons mentioned by the farmers as the main cause for little or no investments is the lack of capital to make such improvements or investments. The study also employed empirical analysis through employing on-farm investment and on-farm productivity models of the study on the factors influencing the on-farm investment and on-farm productivity by the smallholder farmers in the study area. In both models, the independent variables were tested for their significance and it was found that some variables were significant whilst others were not. With regards to the dependent variable on-farm investment, household socio-economic factors such as household size, educational levels and farm size, had a positive influence in on-farm investment and were also statistically significant. On the other side, factors such as land tenure security, age, gender, household income and access to markets did not have any influence and were not statistically significant. From the perspective of on-farm productivity variables such as farm size, access to credit and access to extension services had a positive influence. However, variables such as land tenure security, age, household income, educational levels, access to implements, were negatively influencing onfarm productivity by the smallholder farmers. Key words: Land tenure security, smallholder farmers, on-farm investment & on-farm productivity
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
An analysis of the factors influencing the provision of water in the Buffalo City Municipality, province of the Eastern Cape
- Zwelibanzi, Mantombi Elizabeth
- Authors: Zwelibanzi, Mantombi Elizabeth
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Water-supply -- South Africa -- Buffalo City , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8260 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013011
- Description: Factors affecting the provision of water constitute a great challenge to water officials not only in Buffalo City Municipality but also globally. Interviews form the basic data collection instrument used to provide empirical evidence to the objectives of the study. The objectives of the study are: To evaluate the underlying challenges encountered by water sector Engineers; To evaluate the role of municipal water sector officials in the provision of clean water; To analyse the factors influencing the provision of water in Buffllo City Municipality. Recommendations are provided which could assist Buffalo City Municipality in addressing the challenges affecting the provision of water as follows: The involvement of national and provincial governments in order to improve the Buffalo City Municipal infrastructure and capacity building is highly recommended. Power failure and water interruptions caused by mechanical problems and natural disasters, are further municipal challenges that need to be addressed irrespective of financial constraints. Public and private sector sponsors can be approached to join the initiative. Informal settlements should be formalised and limited to a certain number of people per site or household, depending on the infrastructure. If the infrastructure is not conducive they should be relocated elsewhere. Public and private sector sponsors should offer assistance to Buffalo City Municipality to develop the required water skills, by financing water officials who are interested in furthering their education at tertiary level. Public consultation, through meetings and public forums, and public participation, by the street committees and police forums, are recommended. Coupon systems for basic services like water and electricity for all residents is highly recommended. A generator for the municipal water sector is needed. This will overcome the power failure problem. The provision of water is affected by power outages as water equipment needs electricity to be able to operate. Installation of a water plant in Buffalo City Municipality‟s main dam, the Maden dam, that is supposed to supply King Williams town and the surrounding areas directly.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Zwelibanzi, Mantombi Elizabeth
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Water-supply -- South Africa -- Buffalo City , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8260 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013011
- Description: Factors affecting the provision of water constitute a great challenge to water officials not only in Buffalo City Municipality but also globally. Interviews form the basic data collection instrument used to provide empirical evidence to the objectives of the study. The objectives of the study are: To evaluate the underlying challenges encountered by water sector Engineers; To evaluate the role of municipal water sector officials in the provision of clean water; To analyse the factors influencing the provision of water in Buffllo City Municipality. Recommendations are provided which could assist Buffalo City Municipality in addressing the challenges affecting the provision of water as follows: The involvement of national and provincial governments in order to improve the Buffalo City Municipal infrastructure and capacity building is highly recommended. Power failure and water interruptions caused by mechanical problems and natural disasters, are further municipal challenges that need to be addressed irrespective of financial constraints. Public and private sector sponsors can be approached to join the initiative. Informal settlements should be formalised and limited to a certain number of people per site or household, depending on the infrastructure. If the infrastructure is not conducive they should be relocated elsewhere. Public and private sector sponsors should offer assistance to Buffalo City Municipality to develop the required water skills, by financing water officials who are interested in furthering their education at tertiary level. Public consultation, through meetings and public forums, and public participation, by the street committees and police forums, are recommended. Coupon systems for basic services like water and electricity for all residents is highly recommended. A generator for the municipal water sector is needed. This will overcome the power failure problem. The provision of water is affected by power outages as water equipment needs electricity to be able to operate. Installation of a water plant in Buffalo City Municipality‟s main dam, the Maden dam, that is supposed to supply King Williams town and the surrounding areas directly.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An assessment of strategies used to retain nurses in selected hospitals in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipal area
- Authors: Zweni, Sisilo Sylvia
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Employee retention -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropole , Nurses -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropole , Labor turnover -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropole
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:9260 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/147 , Employee retention -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropole , Nurses -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropole , Labor turnover -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropole
- Description: The harsh realities currently facing public hospitals such as budget cuts, understaffing and poor working conditions, have resulted in nurses experiencing low morale and finding it increasingly difficult to stay in the public health sector. The obvious targeting of South African nurses by recruitment agencies with job offers to work overseas is causing a massive skills’ drain that the country cannot afford. The situation is further compounded by the fact that the government is freezing posts of those nurses who have resigned. Consequently, nurses who are currently working in these hospitals have to cope with unreasonable workloads. Public hospitals are nowadays faced with the challenge of delivering quality health care within the constraints of gross staff shortages, and an increasingly competitive global health environment. The main objective of this study was to identify strategies that can be implemented by hospitals in order to reduce turnover, thereby enhancing retention of staff. Interviews were conducted with the matrons-in-charge of the hospitals under study to investigate strategies that are in place to improve retention. Secondary data regarding staff turnover in the hospitals under study was collected and analysed. It emerged that there are no concrete strategies in place to lower turnover. Hospitals are indeed experiencing staff turnover and posts that were vacated by those nurses that have resigned are frozen. The literature survey revealed three strategies that can be utilised to retain employees, namely, motivation strategies, effective leadership strategies and human resources strategies. Based on various literature reviews, it was concluded that the three strategies are interrelated. The empirical survey was conducted at the three selected hospitals, to determine the extent to which the retention strategies identified in the literature survey are being utilised. All three are invariably used in the hospitals. It is evident that the leadership behaviour in these hospitals affects the level of motivation of employees. The extent to which some of the human resources strategies are utilised invariably leads to low morale and dissatisfaction among employees. Lastly, research findings were assessed with the aim of drawing conclusions so that appropriate recommendations could be made. Recommendations focused on the retention strategies that can be implemented to boost morale of employees and enhance retention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Zweni, Sisilo Sylvia
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Employee retention -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropole , Nurses -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropole , Labor turnover -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropole
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:9260 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/147 , Employee retention -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropole , Nurses -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropole , Labor turnover -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Metropole
- Description: The harsh realities currently facing public hospitals such as budget cuts, understaffing and poor working conditions, have resulted in nurses experiencing low morale and finding it increasingly difficult to stay in the public health sector. The obvious targeting of South African nurses by recruitment agencies with job offers to work overseas is causing a massive skills’ drain that the country cannot afford. The situation is further compounded by the fact that the government is freezing posts of those nurses who have resigned. Consequently, nurses who are currently working in these hospitals have to cope with unreasonable workloads. Public hospitals are nowadays faced with the challenge of delivering quality health care within the constraints of gross staff shortages, and an increasingly competitive global health environment. The main objective of this study was to identify strategies that can be implemented by hospitals in order to reduce turnover, thereby enhancing retention of staff. Interviews were conducted with the matrons-in-charge of the hospitals under study to investigate strategies that are in place to improve retention. Secondary data regarding staff turnover in the hospitals under study was collected and analysed. It emerged that there are no concrete strategies in place to lower turnover. Hospitals are indeed experiencing staff turnover and posts that were vacated by those nurses that have resigned are frozen. The literature survey revealed three strategies that can be utilised to retain employees, namely, motivation strategies, effective leadership strategies and human resources strategies. Based on various literature reviews, it was concluded that the three strategies are interrelated. The empirical survey was conducted at the three selected hospitals, to determine the extent to which the retention strategies identified in the literature survey are being utilised. All three are invariably used in the hospitals. It is evident that the leadership behaviour in these hospitals affects the level of motivation of employees. The extent to which some of the human resources strategies are utilised invariably leads to low morale and dissatisfaction among employees. Lastly, research findings were assessed with the aim of drawing conclusions so that appropriate recommendations could be made. Recommendations focused on the retention strategies that can be implemented to boost morale of employees and enhance retention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
An assessment of the impact of organisational restructuring on the morale of employees at a selected financial institution
- Authors: Zweni, Tembela
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Organizational change , Employee morale , Financial institutions -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:9267 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/204 , Organizational change , Employee morale , Financial institutions -- South Africa
- Description: Rising global competition, the influence of advances in information technology and the re-engineering of business processes are some of the imperatives that force organisations to restructure their businesses. In South Africa, the situation is even more compelling, with the recent democratisation of the country that requires companies to implement certain restructuring programmes designed to empower previously disadvantaged individuals. Organisational restructuring is therefore inevitable for any organisation. These changes, however, do affect organisations and employees. Employees become insecure, confused about their jobs, and therefore less productive. To the extent that change can adversely affect both organisations and employees, it becomes critical that organisations should implement it carefully, if they are to survive. To achieve this, requires managers to fully understand drivers of change, the possible consequences of change on both organisation and employees, and to take appropriate actions. The main objective of this study was to identify possible approaches that organisations can pursue in implementing restructuring without adversely affecting the employees. The practical context chosen was an organisation that had recently implemented organisational restructuring. The research methodology for this study entailed the conducting of an intensive study of the relevant literature, to determine what the theory reveals in respect of restructuring strategies that can assist organisations in effectively implementing the restructuring process. Dissertations, theses, research reports and journals were consulted, in an attempt to formulate a theoretical basis for this study. The contemporary literature reveals that there are various strategies that organisations can employ to effectively restructure their organisations with minimal adverse influence on employees. The restructuring organisations should ensure that employees are genuinely involved in the process at the iv outset. The desired changes and the benefits thereof, should be clearly and consistently communicated to the employees at the beginning of the restructuring process. An empirical study was then conducted at the chosen organisation that had recently embarked on an organisational restructuring. The focal point of the empirical study was to determine how this organisation had implemented its restructuring process. The main purpose was to establish the impact that this restructuring had on the morale and motivation of the employees. The final step of this study included an assessment of the findings. This was done so that suitable conclusions could be drawn and appropriate recommendations made. The conclusions revolved around the effects of restructuring on the employees of this organisation. The focus of the recommendations was on what approaches the restructuring organisations should follow to successfully and effectively implement the restructuring process, without adversely affecting the employees.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Zweni, Tembela
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Organizational change , Employee morale , Financial institutions -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:9267 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/204 , Organizational change , Employee morale , Financial institutions -- South Africa
- Description: Rising global competition, the influence of advances in information technology and the re-engineering of business processes are some of the imperatives that force organisations to restructure their businesses. In South Africa, the situation is even more compelling, with the recent democratisation of the country that requires companies to implement certain restructuring programmes designed to empower previously disadvantaged individuals. Organisational restructuring is therefore inevitable for any organisation. These changes, however, do affect organisations and employees. Employees become insecure, confused about their jobs, and therefore less productive. To the extent that change can adversely affect both organisations and employees, it becomes critical that organisations should implement it carefully, if they are to survive. To achieve this, requires managers to fully understand drivers of change, the possible consequences of change on both organisation and employees, and to take appropriate actions. The main objective of this study was to identify possible approaches that organisations can pursue in implementing restructuring without adversely affecting the employees. The practical context chosen was an organisation that had recently implemented organisational restructuring. The research methodology for this study entailed the conducting of an intensive study of the relevant literature, to determine what the theory reveals in respect of restructuring strategies that can assist organisations in effectively implementing the restructuring process. Dissertations, theses, research reports and journals were consulted, in an attempt to formulate a theoretical basis for this study. The contemporary literature reveals that there are various strategies that organisations can employ to effectively restructure their organisations with minimal adverse influence on employees. The restructuring organisations should ensure that employees are genuinely involved in the process at the iv outset. The desired changes and the benefits thereof, should be clearly and consistently communicated to the employees at the beginning of the restructuring process. An empirical study was then conducted at the chosen organisation that had recently embarked on an organisational restructuring. The focal point of the empirical study was to determine how this organisation had implemented its restructuring process. The main purpose was to establish the impact that this restructuring had on the morale and motivation of the employees. The final step of this study included an assessment of the findings. This was done so that suitable conclusions could be drawn and appropriate recommendations made. The conclusions revolved around the effects of restructuring on the employees of this organisation. The focus of the recommendations was on what approaches the restructuring organisations should follow to successfully and effectively implement the restructuring process, without adversely affecting the employees.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Retailers’ food waste management: challenges and potential for action in Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Đào, Thị Anh Thư
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Food industry and trade -- Waste minimization , Food industry and trade -- Waste disposal Refuse and refuse disposal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39359 , vital:35220
- Description: Food waste management within retailers is seen as an important solution to assist retailers in effectively managing food waste, and by doing so improving food security while limiting negative ecological consequences. Given the lack of research attention focusing on the importance of managing food waste among South African food retailers, and in particular the Eastern Cape, the primary objective of this research was to investigate retailers‟ food waste management in Port Elizabeth. Primary data was collected by conducting interviews with representatives of Port-Elizabeth-based participating stores and their individual Head Offices. This treatise reports on the findings and the conclusions drawn.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Đào, Thị Anh Thư
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Food industry and trade -- Waste minimization , Food industry and trade -- Waste disposal Refuse and refuse disposal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39359 , vital:35220
- Description: Food waste management within retailers is seen as an important solution to assist retailers in effectively managing food waste, and by doing so improving food security while limiting negative ecological consequences. Given the lack of research attention focusing on the importance of managing food waste among South African food retailers, and in particular the Eastern Cape, the primary objective of this research was to investigate retailers‟ food waste management in Port Elizabeth. Primary data was collected by conducting interviews with representatives of Port-Elizabeth-based participating stores and their individual Head Offices. This treatise reports on the findings and the conclusions drawn.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
The evolution of a security community through a process of integration: problems and prospects for the SADC region
- Authors: Šebek, Vita
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Political stability -- Africa, Southern , Southern African Development Community , National security -- Africa, Southern , Africa, Southern -- Economic integration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2831 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003041
- Description: This thesis examines the security problematic of African states and focuses more particularly on the SADC region. It links the security problematic with the transactionalist approach to (supra)national integration and the concept of a security community, introduced into internatIonal relations theory by Karl Deutsch and his colleagues. In relation to the (in)security of SADC member states, the thesis attempts to demonstrate that national integration of these states (i.e. the establishment of an amalgamated security community) has at least to accompany if not precede the establishment of a security community at the regional level (i.e. a pluralistic security community). Since threats to the security of SADC member states are mainly nonmilitary in nature, the 'realist' concept of security is broadened to include political, economic, societal and environmental aspects of security at different levels. Furthermore, Deutsch's concept of a security community is redefined in line with the 'new security thinking' and adapted to the situation in African states. Moreover, this thesis attempts to demonstrate that it is essential for SADC member states to become strong and socio-economically cohesive in order to improve their competitiveness in relation to developed states, especially in their ability to deal with internal and ransnational/regional threats to their security, which are (in)directly caused and perpetuated by the lack of national integration, inefficient state-making and underdevelopment - the sources of their weakness.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Šebek, Vita
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Political stability -- Africa, Southern , Southern African Development Community , National security -- Africa, Southern , Africa, Southern -- Economic integration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2831 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003041
- Description: This thesis examines the security problematic of African states and focuses more particularly on the SADC region. It links the security problematic with the transactionalist approach to (supra)national integration and the concept of a security community, introduced into internatIonal relations theory by Karl Deutsch and his colleagues. In relation to the (in)security of SADC member states, the thesis attempts to demonstrate that national integration of these states (i.e. the establishment of an amalgamated security community) has at least to accompany if not precede the establishment of a security community at the regional level (i.e. a pluralistic security community). Since threats to the security of SADC member states are mainly nonmilitary in nature, the 'realist' concept of security is broadened to include political, economic, societal and environmental aspects of security at different levels. Furthermore, Deutsch's concept of a security community is redefined in line with the 'new security thinking' and adapted to the situation in African states. Moreover, this thesis attempts to demonstrate that it is essential for SADC member states to become strong and socio-economically cohesive in order to improve their competitiveness in relation to developed states, especially in their ability to deal with internal and ransnational/regional threats to their security, which are (in)directly caused and perpetuated by the lack of national integration, inefficient state-making and underdevelopment - the sources of their weakness.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002