The assessment of public participation as a model to enhance development in local government: the case of Raymond Mhlaba local municipality in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Kapayi, Nceba Isaac
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Local government , community development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61431 , vital:70641
- Description: The notion of public participation in decision-making processes is one of the mechanisms that seek to entrench equality and transform social coherence between government and citizens. This view relates to the provision of quality and sustainability of goods and services. The individuals, both in their capacity as citizens and consumers of public goods and services should be allowed to participate in the development that affect in terms of the regulatory frameworks. They should be permitted and encouraged to express their views on governance and development matters pertaining to them. Nevertheless, there are number of factors that impede the participation of the local communities in development planning processes, such as a communication gap between government officials and communities, socio-economic inequalities, poor service delivery, unemployment, a lack of capacity building and transparency to mention a few. The planning and implementation of municipal projects should be accepted only after considerable discussion and consultation with communities. This process is seen as allowing deprived groups and individuals to have voices in future development initiatives. As such, public participation enables for full involvement of ordinary members of the community in decision making, planning, designing, organising and executing development initiatives that affect them. The Researcher decided to embark on a study entitled: The assessment of public participation as a model to enhance development in local government. The case of Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape. Adopting the quantitative research design, data was collected through questionnaires for the key informants consisting of 3 participants, 3 officials from Raymond Mhlaba Municipality. Data was also collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with members of the communities from Kataga in Adelaide, Gaga Village in Alice and Magaleni location in Fort Beaufort. Eighteen (18) community members were selected to participate in the study from both communities inclusive of ward councillors. Community members were organised into 1 focus group participants in each location (comprising of 6 people per group).To support the data obtained from focus group 3 key informants from Raymond Mhlaba Municipality participated in the investigation. A heterogeneous population of 21 respondents participated in this study. The thematic analysis was vii used to analyse data. The findings consistently show that the ability of a local government to work effectively dependent on inclusive planning, implementation and decision making processes. This means that local government development is also required for the impartial and efficient operation of public institutions. Public confidence in local municipalities is expressed as one of the main factors that determine the government‘s competitiveness. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Kapayi, Nceba Isaac
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Local government , community development
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61431 , vital:70641
- Description: The notion of public participation in decision-making processes is one of the mechanisms that seek to entrench equality and transform social coherence between government and citizens. This view relates to the provision of quality and sustainability of goods and services. The individuals, both in their capacity as citizens and consumers of public goods and services should be allowed to participate in the development that affect in terms of the regulatory frameworks. They should be permitted and encouraged to express their views on governance and development matters pertaining to them. Nevertheless, there are number of factors that impede the participation of the local communities in development planning processes, such as a communication gap between government officials and communities, socio-economic inequalities, poor service delivery, unemployment, a lack of capacity building and transparency to mention a few. The planning and implementation of municipal projects should be accepted only after considerable discussion and consultation with communities. This process is seen as allowing deprived groups and individuals to have voices in future development initiatives. As such, public participation enables for full involvement of ordinary members of the community in decision making, planning, designing, organising and executing development initiatives that affect them. The Researcher decided to embark on a study entitled: The assessment of public participation as a model to enhance development in local government. The case of Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape. Adopting the quantitative research design, data was collected through questionnaires for the key informants consisting of 3 participants, 3 officials from Raymond Mhlaba Municipality. Data was also collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with members of the communities from Kataga in Adelaide, Gaga Village in Alice and Magaleni location in Fort Beaufort. Eighteen (18) community members were selected to participate in the study from both communities inclusive of ward councillors. Community members were organised into 1 focus group participants in each location (comprising of 6 people per group).To support the data obtained from focus group 3 key informants from Raymond Mhlaba Municipality participated in the investigation. A heterogeneous population of 21 respondents participated in this study. The thematic analysis was vii used to analyse data. The findings consistently show that the ability of a local government to work effectively dependent on inclusive planning, implementation and decision making processes. This means that local government development is also required for the impartial and efficient operation of public institutions. Public confidence in local municipalities is expressed as one of the main factors that determine the government‘s competitiveness. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The design and synthesis of novel fluorescent coumarin-based derivatives as chemosensory for the application of toxic metal ion detection
- Authors: Schoeman,Stiaan
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Fluorescent polymers -- South Africa , Polymerization , Chemosensory
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61270 , vital:69851
- Description: The rise of humankind has caused pollution, increasing damage to the environment. The actions of humans over hundreds of years have led to an increase in the release of heavy metal cations in concentrations that are toxic to plants, animals and humans. These toxic metals can find their way into humans’ diets through water sources or bioaccumulation in plants and animals such as fish. Heavy metals such as lead and mercury are known to cause serious health issues when consumed, affecting the functioning of the circulatory and nervous systems and causing developmental disorders. Other metal cations, such as iron and copper, can be found in the human body. However, detrimental health issues can occur when normal concentrations are disturbed (either too high or too low). Iron, for example, can be toxic if in excess in the human body, causing damage to the liver and heart and can cause neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s disease. Many methods have been employed to detect and measure the concentrations of toxic metal cations. However, these methods are performed in a laboratory and need skilled operators using expensive equipment. This results in long and tedious sample collection, long feedback time and costly analysis. Chemosensors have been researched and proposed as a cost-effective, on-site, real-time alternative for use as metal detectors. Chemosensory can selectively detect specific metal cations and can be sensitive up to the nanomolar range. Various chemosensors have been synthesised and screened for their colourimetric and fluorometric abilities. Colourimetric chemosensors can be used to visually detect cationic and anionic analytes, whereas fluorometric chemosensors are used to detect anions using their emission properties which handheld devices can measure. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Schoeman,Stiaan
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Fluorescent polymers -- South Africa , Polymerization , Chemosensory
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61270 , vital:69851
- Description: The rise of humankind has caused pollution, increasing damage to the environment. The actions of humans over hundreds of years have led to an increase in the release of heavy metal cations in concentrations that are toxic to plants, animals and humans. These toxic metals can find their way into humans’ diets through water sources or bioaccumulation in plants and animals such as fish. Heavy metals such as lead and mercury are known to cause serious health issues when consumed, affecting the functioning of the circulatory and nervous systems and causing developmental disorders. Other metal cations, such as iron and copper, can be found in the human body. However, detrimental health issues can occur when normal concentrations are disturbed (either too high or too low). Iron, for example, can be toxic if in excess in the human body, causing damage to the liver and heart and can cause neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s disease. Many methods have been employed to detect and measure the concentrations of toxic metal cations. However, these methods are performed in a laboratory and need skilled operators using expensive equipment. This results in long and tedious sample collection, long feedback time and costly analysis. Chemosensors have been researched and proposed as a cost-effective, on-site, real-time alternative for use as metal detectors. Chemosensory can selectively detect specific metal cations and can be sensitive up to the nanomolar range. Various chemosensors have been synthesised and screened for their colourimetric and fluorometric abilities. Colourimetric chemosensors can be used to visually detect cationic and anionic analytes, whereas fluorometric chemosensors are used to detect anions using their emission properties which handheld devices can measure. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The development of a framework to assess the key factors that may impact the future price of weaners (cattle) in South Africa
- Authors: Deyzel, George Ernest
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Cattle -- Prices
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61108 , vital:69761
- Description: The global livestock production systems are changing due to a variety of factors, which have an impact on the price of red meat. The supply of weaners (cattle) is affected by a number of factors including the type of production system, feed costs, diseases and weather conditions. The demand for weaners (cattle) is affected by factors including, amongst various others, consumers’ perception of quality, value for money, health benefits, economic profile, expandable income, urbanisation and socio-economic factors. These factors are complex and interrelated in terms of their potential impact on weaner prices and have a significant influence on production and investment decisions in the industry. This study used quantitative research to investigate the relationship between the factors influencing the price of weaners (cattle). For the purpose of data collection, a closed ended questionnaire was distributed to the respondents. This study was done using non-probability sampling. The sampling method used in this study is referred to as snowball sampling, which is a process using networks. The data was analysed to conclude which factors are impacting the price of weaners (cattle) the most. The results show that the supply factors of weaners are experiencing increasing pressure with changing weather conditions, input costs and animal diseases. The demand factors such as quality, currency and population are increasing the complexity, which implies the market is changing from a producer orientated market to a consumer orientated market. The study provides a framework to predict future prices of weaners, which is expected to influence both production and investment decisions which contribute toward the sustainability of the industry. The study recommends that the South African weaner (cattle) industry has experienced a significant increase in demand, both locally and globally. Meeting this growing demand has its own complexity that limits weaner farmers’ supply of weaners. The market is changing from a producer orientated to a consumer orientated perspective, which will force the supply chain to keep up with the changing consumer factors. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of business and economic sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Deyzel, George Ernest
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Cattle -- Prices
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61108 , vital:69761
- Description: The global livestock production systems are changing due to a variety of factors, which have an impact on the price of red meat. The supply of weaners (cattle) is affected by a number of factors including the type of production system, feed costs, diseases and weather conditions. The demand for weaners (cattle) is affected by factors including, amongst various others, consumers’ perception of quality, value for money, health benefits, economic profile, expandable income, urbanisation and socio-economic factors. These factors are complex and interrelated in terms of their potential impact on weaner prices and have a significant influence on production and investment decisions in the industry. This study used quantitative research to investigate the relationship between the factors influencing the price of weaners (cattle). For the purpose of data collection, a closed ended questionnaire was distributed to the respondents. This study was done using non-probability sampling. The sampling method used in this study is referred to as snowball sampling, which is a process using networks. The data was analysed to conclude which factors are impacting the price of weaners (cattle) the most. The results show that the supply factors of weaners are experiencing increasing pressure with changing weather conditions, input costs and animal diseases. The demand factors such as quality, currency and population are increasing the complexity, which implies the market is changing from a producer orientated market to a consumer orientated market. The study provides a framework to predict future prices of weaners, which is expected to influence both production and investment decisions which contribute toward the sustainability of the industry. The study recommends that the South African weaner (cattle) industry has experienced a significant increase in demand, both locally and globally. Meeting this growing demand has its own complexity that limits weaner farmers’ supply of weaners. The market is changing from a producer orientated to a consumer orientated perspective, which will force the supply chain to keep up with the changing consumer factors. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of business and economic sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The effect of Cannabis extract on the morphological and metabolic characteristics of various fat depots in diet-induced Obese and STZ-induced male wistar rats
- Authors: Ramlugon, Sonaal
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Rats as laboratory animals , Diabetes in practice , Cannabis -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61282 , vital:70044
- Description: To investigate the potential anti-diabetic/obesity properties of oral cannabis administration in an obese and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model, as well as an obese rat model, and to determine the mechanism of action, with a focus on the peritoneal and intramuscular fat depots. Experimental Design: Obese and STZ-induced diabetic rats were allocated a high fat diet (HFD) and intraperitoneally injected with STZ to mimic an obese and diabetic state. The rats were then orally administered cannabis extract (CE) of 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg body weight (relative to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content) or metformin as a positive control. For the obese rat model, the rats were allocated either a high carbohydrate diet (HCD) or high fat diet (HFD) and orally administered with cannabis extract of 1.25 mg/kg body weight (relative to THC content). Weight, blood and insulin-resistant parameters of the rats were monitored. The mitochondrial to genomic DNA ratio (MT:18S DNA), average adipocyte area of the various adipose tissues, citrate synthase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) enzyme activities of the peritoneal and intramuscular fat were measured. Gene expression levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), cell-death inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha like effector-a (Cidea), perilipin, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were measured in peritoneal fat, intramuscular fat and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Main Findings: Obese and STZ-induced diabetic rat model: Due to the biphasic nature of cannabinoids, cannabis dosage plays an important role in the observed effects. CE1.25 was the only cannabis treatment effective in improving the insulinresistant parameters of the rats unlike the other higher cannabis concentrations (CE2.5 and CE5.0). In the peritoneal fat, CE1.25 increased MT:18S DNA, increased citrate synthase activity, and decreased the average adipocyte area when compared to the STZ group. CE1.25 also induced fat beigeing by upregulating gene expression levels of UCP1 and Cidea. XIX Furthermore, an increase in gene expression levels of perilipin, HSL, and TFAM showed increased fat mobilization and metabolic activity. In the intramuscular fat, CE1.25 also reduced the average adipocytes area. However, a different mechanism of action was observed where CE1.25 did not induce fat beigeing, but instead increased both citrate synthase and CPT1 enzyme activities and gene expression levels of HSL, thereby indicating increased fat oxidation and mitochondrial activity. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Ramlugon, Sonaal
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Rats as laboratory animals , Diabetes in practice , Cannabis -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61282 , vital:70044
- Description: To investigate the potential anti-diabetic/obesity properties of oral cannabis administration in an obese and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model, as well as an obese rat model, and to determine the mechanism of action, with a focus on the peritoneal and intramuscular fat depots. Experimental Design: Obese and STZ-induced diabetic rats were allocated a high fat diet (HFD) and intraperitoneally injected with STZ to mimic an obese and diabetic state. The rats were then orally administered cannabis extract (CE) of 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg body weight (relative to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content) or metformin as a positive control. For the obese rat model, the rats were allocated either a high carbohydrate diet (HCD) or high fat diet (HFD) and orally administered with cannabis extract of 1.25 mg/kg body weight (relative to THC content). Weight, blood and insulin-resistant parameters of the rats were monitored. The mitochondrial to genomic DNA ratio (MT:18S DNA), average adipocyte area of the various adipose tissues, citrate synthase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) enzyme activities of the peritoneal and intramuscular fat were measured. Gene expression levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), cell-death inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha like effector-a (Cidea), perilipin, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were measured in peritoneal fat, intramuscular fat and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Main Findings: Obese and STZ-induced diabetic rat model: Due to the biphasic nature of cannabinoids, cannabis dosage plays an important role in the observed effects. CE1.25 was the only cannabis treatment effective in improving the insulinresistant parameters of the rats unlike the other higher cannabis concentrations (CE2.5 and CE5.0). In the peritoneal fat, CE1.25 increased MT:18S DNA, increased citrate synthase activity, and decreased the average adipocyte area when compared to the STZ group. CE1.25 also induced fat beigeing by upregulating gene expression levels of UCP1 and Cidea. XIX Furthermore, an increase in gene expression levels of perilipin, HSL, and TFAM showed increased fat mobilization and metabolic activity. In the intramuscular fat, CE1.25 also reduced the average adipocytes area. However, a different mechanism of action was observed where CE1.25 did not induce fat beigeing, but instead increased both citrate synthase and CPT1 enzyme activities and gene expression levels of HSL, thereby indicating increased fat oxidation and mitochondrial activity. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The effect of illicit financial flows on Zimbabwe's economic growth and development
- Chirowamhangu, Elton Munyaradzi
- Authors: Chirowamhangu, Elton Munyaradzi
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Funds-flow statements -- Zimbamwe , Economic Growth -- Zimbamwe
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61034 , vital:69687
- Description: This study examines the effect of Illicit Financial Flows (IFFs) and capital flight on Zimbabwe’s economic growth and development. The study data covered the period 1980-2020 applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) regression model to assess the relationship between IFFs and capital flight and Zimbabwe’s economic growth and development. Most empirical studies on developing countries show that in both the short and long run, IFFs and capital flight not only reduce the revenue base of the economy but its multiplier effects result in a negative significant relationship between economic growth and development. This supports the continued call for policymakers and government to develop effective policies and continue to have intergovernmental and bilateral engagements to share knowledge and information to deter and control these activities. Unless these activities are controlled, most developing countries will have revenue shortfalls that will have to be funded from Other Donor Assistance (ODA), AID and loans. The study used two ARDL models to assess the impact of GDP and Manufacturing output to assess the impact. GDP and Manufacturing output have been chosen as the proxies of economic growth. Data showed that capital flight had a positive coefficient relationship with GDP in the long run. It was statistically significant and capital flight also had a negative and insignificant effect on manufacturing output during the period 1980-2020. Thus, Zimbabwe should effectively engage in policies and measures that identify and deter IFFs and capital flight activities because the multiplier effects of the activities have a negative impact on economic growth and development. The continued depletion of state resources discredits the objectives of the government to achieve the 2030 Millennium Development Goals. Government expenditure in nonproductive sectors must be avoided, instead, priority must be given to sectors that attract investors and stimulate economic growth and development. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of business and economic sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Chirowamhangu, Elton Munyaradzi
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Funds-flow statements -- Zimbamwe , Economic Growth -- Zimbamwe
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61034 , vital:69687
- Description: This study examines the effect of Illicit Financial Flows (IFFs) and capital flight on Zimbabwe’s economic growth and development. The study data covered the period 1980-2020 applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) regression model to assess the relationship between IFFs and capital flight and Zimbabwe’s economic growth and development. Most empirical studies on developing countries show that in both the short and long run, IFFs and capital flight not only reduce the revenue base of the economy but its multiplier effects result in a negative significant relationship between economic growth and development. This supports the continued call for policymakers and government to develop effective policies and continue to have intergovernmental and bilateral engagements to share knowledge and information to deter and control these activities. Unless these activities are controlled, most developing countries will have revenue shortfalls that will have to be funded from Other Donor Assistance (ODA), AID and loans. The study used two ARDL models to assess the impact of GDP and Manufacturing output to assess the impact. GDP and Manufacturing output have been chosen as the proxies of economic growth. Data showed that capital flight had a positive coefficient relationship with GDP in the long run. It was statistically significant and capital flight also had a negative and insignificant effect on manufacturing output during the period 1980-2020. Thus, Zimbabwe should effectively engage in policies and measures that identify and deter IFFs and capital flight activities because the multiplier effects of the activities have a negative impact on economic growth and development. The continued depletion of state resources discredits the objectives of the government to achieve the 2030 Millennium Development Goals. Government expenditure in nonproductive sectors must be avoided, instead, priority must be given to sectors that attract investors and stimulate economic growth and development. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of business and economic sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The effect of operations and management on the reliability of rural water supply maintenance at Amathole District Municipality
- Authors: Clock, Kulile
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Water supply -- Amathole
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61045 , vital:69688
- Description: The growing population in South Africa’s rural municipalities, coupled with industrial expansion, continue to exert pressure on the available water resources. While service delivery demands are becoming a serious concern among residents in various municipalities, local governments need to improve the supply of essentials, such as water. This study examines water scantiness in the rural side of the Amathole District Municipality (ADM), with a prime focus on the water distribution and maintenance system. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of business and economic sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Clock, Kulile
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Water supply -- Amathole
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61045 , vital:69688
- Description: The growing population in South Africa’s rural municipalities, coupled with industrial expansion, continue to exert pressure on the available water resources. While service delivery demands are becoming a serious concern among residents in various municipalities, local governments need to improve the supply of essentials, such as water. This study examines water scantiness in the rural side of the Amathole District Municipality (ADM), with a prime focus on the water distribution and maintenance system. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of business and economic sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The enforcement of settlement of agreements and arbitration awards
- Authors: Thathoba, Portia Chwayita
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Law enforcement , Settlements (Law) , Arbitration and award -- Law and legislation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60696 , vital:66366
- Description: The Labour Relations Act (LRA) recognises settlement agreements and arbitration awards as mechanisms by which the rights of parties in troubled employment relationships can be asserted. Commission for Conciliation Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) is a statutory body empowered to make and pronounce on such rights through settlement agreements and arbitration awards. The CCMA caters for those earning within the stipulated ministerial threshold falling outside the existing bargaining forums. However, not much empirical evidence is available to indicate the challenges experienced by parties when attempting to enforce those CCMA rulings to get defaulters to comply. South African law accepts settlement agreements as part of dispute resolution mechanism, but the experience of some who hold settlement agreements is such that they are exposed to prejudice when they are required to have the settlement agreement converted to arbitration awards which essentially requires alteration of the very settlement agreed upon. The broad objective of taking matters to the CCMA for resolution with the possibility of having them resolved at conciliation phase cannot be achieved if a settlement agreement is not worth the paper written on and must be made an arbitration award for enforceability. The two are not the same, nor should they be made to be and trying to give them a similar status for enforceability purposes brings about a myriad of unintended challenges. While it could be argued that there also exists section 158 (1) (c) of the LRA if the requirements of section 142A are challenging, it could also be said that such a provision is inaccessible to indigent individuals who may only be able to invoke that provision at the mercy of legal practitioners willing to take cases pro bono for those parties to even stand a chance at enforcing compliance with a settlement agreement that was entered into voluntarily. Such a system allows for employers to bail out on settlement agreements without consequence make a mockery of the CCMA. To a serious degree, this suggest lack of certainty on the part of CCMA and its ability to bring matters to finality which is an important element to realisation of justice. This study sought to examine the way settlement agreements and arbitration awards are enforced, with dedicated focus on the requirement that must be satisfied in order to have force and effect. With the above in mind, chapter one dealt with how settlement agreements and arbitration awards are given force and effect through the LRA as envisaged in section 142A. The chapter explored challenges brought by the enforcement process and what that may mean to the objectives intended by the legislation. Chapter two encapsulates the framework under which the CCMA operates and enforces its decisions, a framework envisaged to be less formal and non-legalistic for the expedient resolution of labour disputes. Chapter three touches on the challenges met with section 143 implementation and highlights some case law prior and after the LRA amendments. Lastly chapter four looked into the enforcement of international or foreign arbitration awards within the South African context given the affiliation with international organisations such as International Labour Organisation (ILO). While it may be good for South Africa to align herself with international practices, it is worth noting that South Africa is still developing in international arbitration as a mode of alternative dispute resolution, but its prevalence as a preferred dispute resolution mechanism is without a doubt increasing. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, School of Mercantile Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Thathoba, Portia Chwayita
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Law enforcement , Settlements (Law) , Arbitration and award -- Law and legislation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60696 , vital:66366
- Description: The Labour Relations Act (LRA) recognises settlement agreements and arbitration awards as mechanisms by which the rights of parties in troubled employment relationships can be asserted. Commission for Conciliation Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) is a statutory body empowered to make and pronounce on such rights through settlement agreements and arbitration awards. The CCMA caters for those earning within the stipulated ministerial threshold falling outside the existing bargaining forums. However, not much empirical evidence is available to indicate the challenges experienced by parties when attempting to enforce those CCMA rulings to get defaulters to comply. South African law accepts settlement agreements as part of dispute resolution mechanism, but the experience of some who hold settlement agreements is such that they are exposed to prejudice when they are required to have the settlement agreement converted to arbitration awards which essentially requires alteration of the very settlement agreed upon. The broad objective of taking matters to the CCMA for resolution with the possibility of having them resolved at conciliation phase cannot be achieved if a settlement agreement is not worth the paper written on and must be made an arbitration award for enforceability. The two are not the same, nor should they be made to be and trying to give them a similar status for enforceability purposes brings about a myriad of unintended challenges. While it could be argued that there also exists section 158 (1) (c) of the LRA if the requirements of section 142A are challenging, it could also be said that such a provision is inaccessible to indigent individuals who may only be able to invoke that provision at the mercy of legal practitioners willing to take cases pro bono for those parties to even stand a chance at enforcing compliance with a settlement agreement that was entered into voluntarily. Such a system allows for employers to bail out on settlement agreements without consequence make a mockery of the CCMA. To a serious degree, this suggest lack of certainty on the part of CCMA and its ability to bring matters to finality which is an important element to realisation of justice. This study sought to examine the way settlement agreements and arbitration awards are enforced, with dedicated focus on the requirement that must be satisfied in order to have force and effect. With the above in mind, chapter one dealt with how settlement agreements and arbitration awards are given force and effect through the LRA as envisaged in section 142A. The chapter explored challenges brought by the enforcement process and what that may mean to the objectives intended by the legislation. Chapter two encapsulates the framework under which the CCMA operates and enforces its decisions, a framework envisaged to be less formal and non-legalistic for the expedient resolution of labour disputes. Chapter three touches on the challenges met with section 143 implementation and highlights some case law prior and after the LRA amendments. Lastly chapter four looked into the enforcement of international or foreign arbitration awards within the South African context given the affiliation with international organisations such as International Labour Organisation (ILO). While it may be good for South Africa to align herself with international practices, it is worth noting that South Africa is still developing in international arbitration as a mode of alternative dispute resolution, but its prevalence as a preferred dispute resolution mechanism is without a doubt increasing. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, School of Mercantile Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The influence of leadership on service delivery in the department of employment and labour, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Maleiba, Olivia
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Leadership , Transformational Leadership , Batho Pele Principles
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61636 , vital:71821
- Description: The aim of the public sector is to deliver effective and efficient services whilst reducing these delivery costs (Price Waterhouse Coopers, 2007). In addressing this aim of public service delivery, the objective of the study was to investigate the impact of leadership on service delivery in a specific public sector. The researcher utilised a non-experimental correlation research design where the participants were entry level officials from region six within the National Department of Employment and Labour in the Eastern Cape, who reported to the first level of management (supervisors/team leaders). A probability sampling design with a cluster sampling method was used, wherein the population was grouped and a cluster was chosen. The sample consisted of officials who delivered services to the public at an entry administrative level either in a direct role or a supporting role. These officials reported to the first line of leadership in the hierarchy (supervisors/team leaders). Questionnaires were used as the primary source of data collection to solicit data from participants and obtain feedback on leadership behaviour on operational and service delivery issues in the workplace. The data was processed by statistical calculations of the mean, median, mode and standard deviation. The Cronbach Alpha as a test of internal validity, was used to test for reliability and validity. The findings of the study revealed that the department strived to improve leadership and service delivery in rendering public service which will naturally contribute to the 2030 vision of the National Development Plan and the fulfilment of the organisational mandate (South Africa National Planning Commission, 2012). , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Maleiba, Olivia
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Leadership , Transformational Leadership , Batho Pele Principles
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61636 , vital:71821
- Description: The aim of the public sector is to deliver effective and efficient services whilst reducing these delivery costs (Price Waterhouse Coopers, 2007). In addressing this aim of public service delivery, the objective of the study was to investigate the impact of leadership on service delivery in a specific public sector. The researcher utilised a non-experimental correlation research design where the participants were entry level officials from region six within the National Department of Employment and Labour in the Eastern Cape, who reported to the first level of management (supervisors/team leaders). A probability sampling design with a cluster sampling method was used, wherein the population was grouped and a cluster was chosen. The sample consisted of officials who delivered services to the public at an entry administrative level either in a direct role or a supporting role. These officials reported to the first line of leadership in the hierarchy (supervisors/team leaders). Questionnaires were used as the primary source of data collection to solicit data from participants and obtain feedback on leadership behaviour on operational and service delivery issues in the workplace. The data was processed by statistical calculations of the mean, median, mode and standard deviation. The Cronbach Alpha as a test of internal validity, was used to test for reliability and validity. The findings of the study revealed that the department strived to improve leadership and service delivery in rendering public service which will naturally contribute to the 2030 vision of the National Development Plan and the fulfilment of the organisational mandate (South Africa National Planning Commission, 2012). , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The influence of site characteristics on growth and wood properties of Pinus radiata and Pinus elliottii in the Southern and Eastern Cape forestry regions of South Africa
- Authors: Sigcau, Chulumanco
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Forests and forestry -- Environmental aspects , Pine – Growth -- South Africa , Pinus radiata
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61234 , vital:69828
- Description: The intensive nature of plantation forestry in South Africa requires efficiency and financial viability in production systems, amidst a complex growing environment subjected to changing macro-climatic patterns. The success of plantation forestry operations depends, amongst others, on our understanding of tree growth and wood formation patterns in response to variable growing conditions in both space and time. This study was conducted on the two most commonly used species in the southern and Eastern Cape forestry regions, i.e., Pinus radiata and P. elliottii. The region is regarded as highly suitable for plantation forestry in terms of climatic conditions, but soil characteristics pose several challenges due to nutritional disorders and poor drainage. The study focused on investigating the influence of both soil and climatic conditions on the growth and Wood Density properties of the two species, and to establish functional relationships where possible. The two species showed comparable growth rates at the reference age of 13 years on the range of sites sampled in the study area. An analysis of variance showed greater differences in Site Index between than within sample plots, pointing towards the possible influence of site on growth variation. Correlations between climatic variables and the growth of both species were generally weak and contradictory. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed. It is proposed that the general favourable climatic profile of the region and hydromorphic nature of soils reduce the chances of significant correlations between variables influencing moisture availability and tree growth. The analysis of correlations between soil parameters and tree growth revealed some influence of soil organic C and Na on the growth of P. elliottii. This is discussed in terms of our understanding of the influence of soil parent material and soil ecology. The absence of any correlations between soil chemical parameters and the growth of P. radiata was conspicuous. This is in contradiction with earlier studies on the species in the region and can possibly be explained in terms of the site-specific fertilizing policy of the industry, as well as the less diverse range of sites sampled than in the past, which can mask or reduce nutrient limitations for tree growth. However, P. radiata did show a high level of sensitivity towards effective soil depth. Site-quality prediction models are proposed for the two species, but with variable application value due to the limited options of significant control variables that can be considered for inclusion in the models. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Science and Management, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Sigcau, Chulumanco
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Forests and forestry -- Environmental aspects , Pine – Growth -- South Africa , Pinus radiata
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61234 , vital:69828
- Description: The intensive nature of plantation forestry in South Africa requires efficiency and financial viability in production systems, amidst a complex growing environment subjected to changing macro-climatic patterns. The success of plantation forestry operations depends, amongst others, on our understanding of tree growth and wood formation patterns in response to variable growing conditions in both space and time. This study was conducted on the two most commonly used species in the southern and Eastern Cape forestry regions, i.e., Pinus radiata and P. elliottii. The region is regarded as highly suitable for plantation forestry in terms of climatic conditions, but soil characteristics pose several challenges due to nutritional disorders and poor drainage. The study focused on investigating the influence of both soil and climatic conditions on the growth and Wood Density properties of the two species, and to establish functional relationships where possible. The two species showed comparable growth rates at the reference age of 13 years on the range of sites sampled in the study area. An analysis of variance showed greater differences in Site Index between than within sample plots, pointing towards the possible influence of site on growth variation. Correlations between climatic variables and the growth of both species were generally weak and contradictory. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed. It is proposed that the general favourable climatic profile of the region and hydromorphic nature of soils reduce the chances of significant correlations between variables influencing moisture availability and tree growth. The analysis of correlations between soil parameters and tree growth revealed some influence of soil organic C and Na on the growth of P. elliottii. This is discussed in terms of our understanding of the influence of soil parent material and soil ecology. The absence of any correlations between soil chemical parameters and the growth of P. radiata was conspicuous. This is in contradiction with earlier studies on the species in the region and can possibly be explained in terms of the site-specific fertilizing policy of the industry, as well as the less diverse range of sites sampled than in the past, which can mask or reduce nutrient limitations for tree growth. However, P. radiata did show a high level of sensitivity towards effective soil depth. Site-quality prediction models are proposed for the two species, but with variable application value due to the limited options of significant control variables that can be considered for inclusion in the models. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Natural Resource Science and Management, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The legislation regulation of consensual sexual acts by 16 and 17 years
- Authors: Nkontso, Siviwe
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Delegated legislation , Sexual intercourse , Teenagers
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60718 , vital:66461
- Description: The Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007 (“SORMA”), was promulgated to consolidate the laws relating to sexual offences in South Africa. One of the most important aspects of SORMA was that it made provision for the prosecution of those who engaged in sexual acts with minor children. However, SORMA had a major drawback in that it not only criminalised consensual sexual acts with children by adults, but also criminalised consensual sexual acts between children themselves. Thus, children could be prosecuted for engaging in consensual sexual conduct with each other. Stemming from this peculiar position, the provisions of section 15 (statutory rape) and section 16 (statutory sexual assault), insofar as they related to the prosecution of adolescents for engaging in consensual sexual acts with each other, was constitutionally challenged by various human rights organisations. The Constitutional Court in Teddy Bear Clinic v Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development 2014 (2) SA (CC) found that the provisions of section 15 and 16 of SORMA were unconstitutional insofar as they criminalised consensual sexual acts between adolescents older than 12 but younger than 16. The original version of SORMA, for purposes of sections 15 and 16, defined a child as a person under the age of 16 years. Only children younger than 16 years received protection under SORMA. The provisions of sections 15 and 16 of SORMA were the subject of a constitutional challenge in Teddy Bear Clinic. However, the position of 16 and 17 year old children was not dealt with, as it did not form part of the issues that had to be decided by the court. Subsequent to the Teddy Bear Clinic judgment, SORMA was amended, and the amended version defined a child as a person younger than 18 years. Despite this, 16 and 17 year old children did not fall within the ambit of protection provided by SORMA. They were still exposed to prosecution for consensual sexual acts with their adolescent counterparts. Moreover, they were not protected against adult sexual predators who prey on young children. Effectively, SORMA provided some degree of protection, but such protection is not sufficient, and it is contrary to the best interests of the child principle. vi Thus, this research project seeks to highlight, assess and criticise the failure of SORMA to provide adequate legislative protection to 16 and 17 year old children. They still face the possibility of prosecution for consensual sexual acts with other adolescent children, and, they are not offered any protection from adult sexual predators. This position is unacceptable as it is contrary to the spirit and purport of the Constitution, specifically the best interests of the child principle, an important international law principle. Article 3 (1) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child provides that in all matters concerning children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child provides that in all actions concerning the child, the best interests of the child shall be the primary consideration. Thus, the lack of protection of 16 and 17 year old children under SORMA is not only contrary to the Constitution, but also to a fundamental international law principle. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, School of Criminal & Procedural Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Nkontso, Siviwe
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Delegated legislation , Sexual intercourse , Teenagers
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60718 , vital:66461
- Description: The Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007 (“SORMA”), was promulgated to consolidate the laws relating to sexual offences in South Africa. One of the most important aspects of SORMA was that it made provision for the prosecution of those who engaged in sexual acts with minor children. However, SORMA had a major drawback in that it not only criminalised consensual sexual acts with children by adults, but also criminalised consensual sexual acts between children themselves. Thus, children could be prosecuted for engaging in consensual sexual conduct with each other. Stemming from this peculiar position, the provisions of section 15 (statutory rape) and section 16 (statutory sexual assault), insofar as they related to the prosecution of adolescents for engaging in consensual sexual acts with each other, was constitutionally challenged by various human rights organisations. The Constitutional Court in Teddy Bear Clinic v Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development 2014 (2) SA (CC) found that the provisions of section 15 and 16 of SORMA were unconstitutional insofar as they criminalised consensual sexual acts between adolescents older than 12 but younger than 16. The original version of SORMA, for purposes of sections 15 and 16, defined a child as a person under the age of 16 years. Only children younger than 16 years received protection under SORMA. The provisions of sections 15 and 16 of SORMA were the subject of a constitutional challenge in Teddy Bear Clinic. However, the position of 16 and 17 year old children was not dealt with, as it did not form part of the issues that had to be decided by the court. Subsequent to the Teddy Bear Clinic judgment, SORMA was amended, and the amended version defined a child as a person younger than 18 years. Despite this, 16 and 17 year old children did not fall within the ambit of protection provided by SORMA. They were still exposed to prosecution for consensual sexual acts with their adolescent counterparts. Moreover, they were not protected against adult sexual predators who prey on young children. Effectively, SORMA provided some degree of protection, but such protection is not sufficient, and it is contrary to the best interests of the child principle. vi Thus, this research project seeks to highlight, assess and criticise the failure of SORMA to provide adequate legislative protection to 16 and 17 year old children. They still face the possibility of prosecution for consensual sexual acts with other adolescent children, and, they are not offered any protection from adult sexual predators. This position is unacceptable as it is contrary to the spirit and purport of the Constitution, specifically the best interests of the child principle, an important international law principle. Article 3 (1) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child provides that in all matters concerning children, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child provides that in all actions concerning the child, the best interests of the child shall be the primary consideration. Thus, the lack of protection of 16 and 17 year old children under SORMA is not only contrary to the Constitution, but also to a fundamental international law principle. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, School of Criminal & Procedural Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The Living Archive as Pedagogy: A Conceptual Case Study of Northern Uganda
- Authors: Munene, Anne Wambui
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Archives , Education -- Study and teaching , Case Study -- Northern Uganda
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60927 , vital:69226
- Description: The Living Archive as Pedagogy emerges from Northern Uganda’s experience of war 1986- 2008, between the Lord’s Resistance Army and the Uganda People’s Defense Force previously named the National Resistance Army. This period of war and post-war has been a difficult experience where finding solutions and mechanisms for transition or justice remain complex, restricted, delayed and consequently concealing the reality of lived marginalization from below. The Acholi of Northern Uganda went through predatory atrocities, painful humiliation and unwilled cohabitations with their oppressors during war and post-war. The study explores how the interlinking of archives and pedagogy as independent disciplines can extend possibilities for more transformative education horizons in bottom-up, post-conflict expressions. The study is immersed through a conceptual and theoretical framing in the boundaries of archiving and pedagogy, to understand how the war constructs Acholi’s lived experience in multiple complex ways. While the Acholi re-orient their lives post- war, we recognize their attention in affirming their human agency, ordering of new and different meanings, desiring a different liberation in post-conflict where responsibility in contexts of “up againstness” validates their dwelling and being in spaces that exclude them. The research acknowledges that pedagogy and archiving studies in post-conflict, needs restructuring to challenge the preserving of external and dominant epistemological purviews that order post-conflict reconstruction life. These traditions exclude the experiences of survivor-victims, are tone deaf to community-based groups articulations of post-conflict repair, and neither does lived experiences of the everyday gets organized as an outcome for knowledge. This is discussed at length, as the research responds to its central question of how living archive as pedagogy can offer a transformative education discourse. The conclusion of the study emphasizes self-representation through transformative knowledge positions of I am whom I am, Where I am, Where I Speak, and Where I think. These positions articulate a self-understanding that supports rehistrocizing of post-conflict society as a body resisting exclusion in dominant knowledge formation and institutional omissions. There is evidence of the research foregrounding the formation of person-hood from experiences of ‘up againstness” and knowledge/under-stand[ing] from below. The research facilitates a hermeneutical encounter with specific inscribed bodies of post-conflict experience, the Acholi and Wanjiku whose bodies archive a horizon of possibilities if a different and difficult reading vii of the world is done from locations of struggle to produce consciousness of re-becoming, or returning to the human. These pedagogical experience positions Acholi and Wanjiku as educators, and their lives a living archive. We the readers are invited to a learning process as willing ‘hearers’ of Acholi and Wanjiku testimony, to own responsibility as our practice to ensure they appear in the world to say their truth, as they defy conditions of their oppression. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, School of Education Research and Engagement, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Munene, Anne Wambui
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Archives , Education -- Study and teaching , Case Study -- Northern Uganda
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60927 , vital:69226
- Description: The Living Archive as Pedagogy emerges from Northern Uganda’s experience of war 1986- 2008, between the Lord’s Resistance Army and the Uganda People’s Defense Force previously named the National Resistance Army. This period of war and post-war has been a difficult experience where finding solutions and mechanisms for transition or justice remain complex, restricted, delayed and consequently concealing the reality of lived marginalization from below. The Acholi of Northern Uganda went through predatory atrocities, painful humiliation and unwilled cohabitations with their oppressors during war and post-war. The study explores how the interlinking of archives and pedagogy as independent disciplines can extend possibilities for more transformative education horizons in bottom-up, post-conflict expressions. The study is immersed through a conceptual and theoretical framing in the boundaries of archiving and pedagogy, to understand how the war constructs Acholi’s lived experience in multiple complex ways. While the Acholi re-orient their lives post- war, we recognize their attention in affirming their human agency, ordering of new and different meanings, desiring a different liberation in post-conflict where responsibility in contexts of “up againstness” validates their dwelling and being in spaces that exclude them. The research acknowledges that pedagogy and archiving studies in post-conflict, needs restructuring to challenge the preserving of external and dominant epistemological purviews that order post-conflict reconstruction life. These traditions exclude the experiences of survivor-victims, are tone deaf to community-based groups articulations of post-conflict repair, and neither does lived experiences of the everyday gets organized as an outcome for knowledge. This is discussed at length, as the research responds to its central question of how living archive as pedagogy can offer a transformative education discourse. The conclusion of the study emphasizes self-representation through transformative knowledge positions of I am whom I am, Where I am, Where I Speak, and Where I think. These positions articulate a self-understanding that supports rehistrocizing of post-conflict society as a body resisting exclusion in dominant knowledge formation and institutional omissions. There is evidence of the research foregrounding the formation of person-hood from experiences of ‘up againstness” and knowledge/under-stand[ing] from below. The research facilitates a hermeneutical encounter with specific inscribed bodies of post-conflict experience, the Acholi and Wanjiku whose bodies archive a horizon of possibilities if a different and difficult reading vii of the world is done from locations of struggle to produce consciousness of re-becoming, or returning to the human. These pedagogical experience positions Acholi and Wanjiku as educators, and their lives a living archive. We the readers are invited to a learning process as willing ‘hearers’ of Acholi and Wanjiku testimony, to own responsibility as our practice to ensure they appear in the world to say their truth, as they defy conditions of their oppression. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, School of Education Research and Engagement, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The moderating influence of socioemotional wealth on the innovation choices and outputs of South African family businesses
- Authors: Ndang, Akah William
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Socioemotional wealth, , Family-owned business enterprises
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62216 , vital:72012
- Description: The global impact of family businesses is increasing in a significant manner. The importance of family businesses has been recognised by academic institutions through the establishment of family business research centres and academic programmes for family businesses, as well as practitioner-oriented journals in family business studies. In most developed and developing market economies, family businesses have been projected as one of the primary forms of private enterprise that play an important role in both national and global economies, including South Africa. In other words, in the global innovation context, family businesses are considered to be the backbone of economic development. Given the importance of innovation to family businesses in contributing to economic growth and sustainability across generations, as well as the limited research that has been conducted on South African family businesses and innovation, the primary objective of this research was to investigate the relationship of selected drivers of innovation and Innovation outputs in South-African family businesses, as well as how the family, through its Socioemotional wealth, moderates the relationships between the drivers of innovation and Innovation outputs. This study uses the socioemotional wealth (SEW) and the resource-based theory (RBV) as the basis of its theoretical orientation. The following drivers of innovation were identified during the literature review (independent variable), namely: Financial capital, Human capital and leadership, Social capital, Learning orientation, Entrepreneurial orientation, Market orientation, Organisational culture, and Knowledge management as having an impact on Innovation outputs (dependent variable). In addition, Socioemotional wealth (SEW) was hypothesised as having a moderating influence on the relationships between the drivers of innovation and Innovation ouptuts. Four demographic variables (Size of the business, Age of the business, Generation of the family and Industry of operation) were identified as having a potential influence on the hypothesised relationships. Each of the constructs were clearly defined and then operationalised. Operationalisation was done by using reliable and valid items sourced from tested vii measuring instruments used in previous studies, as well as a number of self-generated items based on secondary sources. A structured questionnaire was made available online to respondents identified by means of the convenience snowball sampling technique, and data was collected from 331 family businesses in South Africa. The usable questionnaires were subjected to various data analyses techniques. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) were performed on each factor that confirms the factor structures by using various goodness-of-fit indices. Subsequent to the CFAs, the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument was assessed. As a result of these analyses, three new independent variables emerged as drivers of Innovation outputs in South African family businesses, namely: Funding of research and innovation, Financial, human and social capital resources, and Shared business vision, resources information and knowledge. In addition the SEW construct revealed two dimensions as dependant variables, namely: Family influence, control and commitment and Business reputation and commitment. The reliability of the measuring instrument was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, while the assessment of validity involved calculations of the average variance extracted (AVE) estimates and squared correlations between constructs. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was the main statistical procedure used to test the significance of the relationships hypothesised between the various independent, moderating and dependent variables. The main finding of the study reveals that there is a significant positive relationship between Financial, human and social capital resources, and Innovation outputs. There is also a significant positive relationship between Shared business vision, resources, information and knowledge and Innovation outputs. Furthermore, Family influence, control and commitment positively moderates the relationship between Shared business vision, resources, information and knowledge and Innovation outputs. while Business reputation and succession positively moderates the relationship between Financial, human, social capital resources, and Innovation outputs. Finally, Business reputation and succession positively moderates the relationship between Shared business vision, resources, information and knowledge viii and Innovation outputs. Concerning the selected demographic variables, this study found that Age of the business has a significant influence on Innovation outputs. This study makes several theoretical and practical contributions. This study is the first of its kind that investigates the relationship between the drivers of innovation and Innovation outputs of South African family businesses. Second, this study is the first to investigate how the family, through its Socioemotional wealth, moderates the relationships between the drivers of innovation and Innovation outputs of South African family businesses. Having a better understanding of how and when the family system impacts the innovation decisions in the family business is important because it helps researchers understand the differences between family businesses (i.e. family firm heterogeneity) and non-family businesses. Third, the findings indicated that the adaptation of the SEW and RBV theories was accurate in understanding how the family, through its socioemotional wealth, influences innovation decisions. Fourth, concerning the selected demographic variables, this study found that Age of the business has a significant influence on Innovation outputs. This finding is another valuable contribution to the literature on innovation, given the inconsistent and sometimes inconclusive findings concerning the relationship between age of the business and innovation activities. The study's final theoretical contribution is the development of a measurement tool that accurately assesses the drivers of innovation and innovation outputs and the influence of the five dimensions of socioemotional wealth. Other family business researchers, business mentors and or family business owners themselves can use this measurement tool to assess and monitor factors that have an impact on innovation activities inside their businesses. Practically, this study makes several suggestions on how family business owners and managers could improve the Innovation outputs of their businesses and become aware of how the family could influence the innovation choices and decisions made in the business. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Ndang, Akah William
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Socioemotional wealth, , Family-owned business enterprises
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62216 , vital:72012
- Description: The global impact of family businesses is increasing in a significant manner. The importance of family businesses has been recognised by academic institutions through the establishment of family business research centres and academic programmes for family businesses, as well as practitioner-oriented journals in family business studies. In most developed and developing market economies, family businesses have been projected as one of the primary forms of private enterprise that play an important role in both national and global economies, including South Africa. In other words, in the global innovation context, family businesses are considered to be the backbone of economic development. Given the importance of innovation to family businesses in contributing to economic growth and sustainability across generations, as well as the limited research that has been conducted on South African family businesses and innovation, the primary objective of this research was to investigate the relationship of selected drivers of innovation and Innovation outputs in South-African family businesses, as well as how the family, through its Socioemotional wealth, moderates the relationships between the drivers of innovation and Innovation outputs. This study uses the socioemotional wealth (SEW) and the resource-based theory (RBV) as the basis of its theoretical orientation. The following drivers of innovation were identified during the literature review (independent variable), namely: Financial capital, Human capital and leadership, Social capital, Learning orientation, Entrepreneurial orientation, Market orientation, Organisational culture, and Knowledge management as having an impact on Innovation outputs (dependent variable). In addition, Socioemotional wealth (SEW) was hypothesised as having a moderating influence on the relationships between the drivers of innovation and Innovation ouptuts. Four demographic variables (Size of the business, Age of the business, Generation of the family and Industry of operation) were identified as having a potential influence on the hypothesised relationships. Each of the constructs were clearly defined and then operationalised. Operationalisation was done by using reliable and valid items sourced from tested vii measuring instruments used in previous studies, as well as a number of self-generated items based on secondary sources. A structured questionnaire was made available online to respondents identified by means of the convenience snowball sampling technique, and data was collected from 331 family businesses in South Africa. The usable questionnaires were subjected to various data analyses techniques. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) were performed on each factor that confirms the factor structures by using various goodness-of-fit indices. Subsequent to the CFAs, the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument was assessed. As a result of these analyses, three new independent variables emerged as drivers of Innovation outputs in South African family businesses, namely: Funding of research and innovation, Financial, human and social capital resources, and Shared business vision, resources information and knowledge. In addition the SEW construct revealed two dimensions as dependant variables, namely: Family influence, control and commitment and Business reputation and commitment. The reliability of the measuring instrument was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, while the assessment of validity involved calculations of the average variance extracted (AVE) estimates and squared correlations between constructs. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was the main statistical procedure used to test the significance of the relationships hypothesised between the various independent, moderating and dependent variables. The main finding of the study reveals that there is a significant positive relationship between Financial, human and social capital resources, and Innovation outputs. There is also a significant positive relationship between Shared business vision, resources, information and knowledge and Innovation outputs. Furthermore, Family influence, control and commitment positively moderates the relationship between Shared business vision, resources, information and knowledge and Innovation outputs. while Business reputation and succession positively moderates the relationship between Financial, human, social capital resources, and Innovation outputs. Finally, Business reputation and succession positively moderates the relationship between Shared business vision, resources, information and knowledge viii and Innovation outputs. Concerning the selected demographic variables, this study found that Age of the business has a significant influence on Innovation outputs. This study makes several theoretical and practical contributions. This study is the first of its kind that investigates the relationship between the drivers of innovation and Innovation outputs of South African family businesses. Second, this study is the first to investigate how the family, through its Socioemotional wealth, moderates the relationships between the drivers of innovation and Innovation outputs of South African family businesses. Having a better understanding of how and when the family system impacts the innovation decisions in the family business is important because it helps researchers understand the differences between family businesses (i.e. family firm heterogeneity) and non-family businesses. Third, the findings indicated that the adaptation of the SEW and RBV theories was accurate in understanding how the family, through its socioemotional wealth, influences innovation decisions. Fourth, concerning the selected demographic variables, this study found that Age of the business has a significant influence on Innovation outputs. This finding is another valuable contribution to the literature on innovation, given the inconsistent and sometimes inconclusive findings concerning the relationship between age of the business and innovation activities. The study's final theoretical contribution is the development of a measurement tool that accurately assesses the drivers of innovation and innovation outputs and the influence of the five dimensions of socioemotional wealth. Other family business researchers, business mentors and or family business owners themselves can use this measurement tool to assess and monitor factors that have an impact on innovation activities inside their businesses. Practically, this study makes several suggestions on how family business owners and managers could improve the Innovation outputs of their businesses and become aware of how the family could influence the innovation choices and decisions made in the business. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The perceptions of self service checkout systems in the South African retail
- Authors: Mhlanga, Nhlanhla
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Self Service Technology , technological innovation , Grocery Retail Sector
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61681 , vital:71825
- Description: The introduction of Self-Service Checkout Systems (SSCOs) has disrupted and continues to transform grocery retail businesses particularly in the age of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is characterised by the pervasive presence of technological innovation in multiple sectors. SSCOs have over the years made significant in-roads in the grocery retail sector, particularly in the developed world with few exceptions of implementation in the developing world. Self Service Technologies (SST) have been used across various industries for many years in order to improve customer experience, or to address business priorities, or both. SSCOs (an SST technology) within grocery retail, have been purported to increase customer convenience, efficiency and bolster the competitive advantage of various businesses, amongst other benefits. The benefits and opportunities, risk and challenges, impact on business, perceptions of customers and customer acceptance of SSCOs have been and continue to be widely studied within the retail sector of the developed and in some parts of the developing world. The understanding and implementation of SSCOs in developing countries in general and South Africa in particular are at an embryonic stage. Questions of implementation, acceptance and adoption of SSCOs in South Africa are under-researched and nascent. However, despite their vagueness within the South African grocery retail sector, there are instances where SSCOs have been implemented in South Africa. Taking into account the fact that the South African grocery retail sector is heavily influenced by the adoption of technological innovation and follows the trends from the developed world, it is only a matter of time before SSCOs become mainstream technologies in South Africa. This is more so particularly in the era of the 4IR where technology is increasingly transforming entire industries. Against this backdrop, this study addresses the question of acceptance of SSCOs within the grocery retail sector in South Africa. Whilst grocery retailers consider whether to implement SSCOs, they have to ask themselves a number of pertinent questions, not in the least whether customers would be willing to adopt the use of the technology. It is in light of this acceptability of SSCOs that the research engaged grocery retailers to investigate their perception regarding the factors that affect the acceptance of SSCOs within the South African grocery retail sector. This study followed a qualitative research design. Participants were management and owners of the SPAR retail group in South Africa. Twenty-three participants took part in the study and seventeen participant’s responses were accepted for analysis. An online open ended vi | P a g e questionnaire was used to collect data from participants and a thematic analysis was applied to the collected data in order to search for themes within the data. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) were used as frameworks to interpret the study findings. The results of the study indicate that the South African grocery retail sector is innovative and implements various technologies. Further, a number of grocery retailers are actively considering the implementation of SSCOs. A number of factors that promote that acceptance of SSCOs were identified by the study, for example, customer experience at checkout, which includes convenience and efficiency and business profitability. On the other hand, there are factors that hinder the acceptance of SSCOs, which include factors like loss of employment, poor infrastructure and the cost of implementation amongst others. Based on the results of the study a theoretical framework was developed, which was used to give recommendations to the grocery retail sector in order to offer guidance regarding the implementation of SSCOs in South Africa. Finally, areas and orientations of future research were identified. This study contributes to the literature on SSCOs in South Africa in particular and the developing world in general. In addition, this study contributes to academic theory and business practise by applying the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model to a unique context in a new way, i.e. SSCOs in the grocery retail sector in South Africa. The limitation of the study is that the participants were from one grocery retail organisation and thus probably represent a certain grocery retail outlook based on the culture of the organisation. Future research would need to be more inclusive and have a heterogeneous research sample in order to be more reflective of multiple organisations and cultures within the grocery retail sector in South Africa. The introduction of SSCOs in South Africa will transform the grocery retail sector. The understanding of the technology and its acceptance within the sector is critical to help grocery retailers develop strategies to drive business growth, improve customer experience and capitalise on the direction of transformation that technology brings to the sector. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Mhlanga, Nhlanhla
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Self Service Technology , technological innovation , Grocery Retail Sector
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61681 , vital:71825
- Description: The introduction of Self-Service Checkout Systems (SSCOs) has disrupted and continues to transform grocery retail businesses particularly in the age of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is characterised by the pervasive presence of technological innovation in multiple sectors. SSCOs have over the years made significant in-roads in the grocery retail sector, particularly in the developed world with few exceptions of implementation in the developing world. Self Service Technologies (SST) have been used across various industries for many years in order to improve customer experience, or to address business priorities, or both. SSCOs (an SST technology) within grocery retail, have been purported to increase customer convenience, efficiency and bolster the competitive advantage of various businesses, amongst other benefits. The benefits and opportunities, risk and challenges, impact on business, perceptions of customers and customer acceptance of SSCOs have been and continue to be widely studied within the retail sector of the developed and in some parts of the developing world. The understanding and implementation of SSCOs in developing countries in general and South Africa in particular are at an embryonic stage. Questions of implementation, acceptance and adoption of SSCOs in South Africa are under-researched and nascent. However, despite their vagueness within the South African grocery retail sector, there are instances where SSCOs have been implemented in South Africa. Taking into account the fact that the South African grocery retail sector is heavily influenced by the adoption of technological innovation and follows the trends from the developed world, it is only a matter of time before SSCOs become mainstream technologies in South Africa. This is more so particularly in the era of the 4IR where technology is increasingly transforming entire industries. Against this backdrop, this study addresses the question of acceptance of SSCOs within the grocery retail sector in South Africa. Whilst grocery retailers consider whether to implement SSCOs, they have to ask themselves a number of pertinent questions, not in the least whether customers would be willing to adopt the use of the technology. It is in light of this acceptability of SSCOs that the research engaged grocery retailers to investigate their perception regarding the factors that affect the acceptance of SSCOs within the South African grocery retail sector. This study followed a qualitative research design. Participants were management and owners of the SPAR retail group in South Africa. Twenty-three participants took part in the study and seventeen participant’s responses were accepted for analysis. An online open ended vi | P a g e questionnaire was used to collect data from participants and a thematic analysis was applied to the collected data in order to search for themes within the data. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) were used as frameworks to interpret the study findings. The results of the study indicate that the South African grocery retail sector is innovative and implements various technologies. Further, a number of grocery retailers are actively considering the implementation of SSCOs. A number of factors that promote that acceptance of SSCOs were identified by the study, for example, customer experience at checkout, which includes convenience and efficiency and business profitability. On the other hand, there are factors that hinder the acceptance of SSCOs, which include factors like loss of employment, poor infrastructure and the cost of implementation amongst others. Based on the results of the study a theoretical framework was developed, which was used to give recommendations to the grocery retail sector in order to offer guidance regarding the implementation of SSCOs in South Africa. Finally, areas and orientations of future research were identified. This study contributes to the literature on SSCOs in South Africa in particular and the developing world in general. In addition, this study contributes to academic theory and business practise by applying the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model to a unique context in a new way, i.e. SSCOs in the grocery retail sector in South Africa. The limitation of the study is that the participants were from one grocery retail organisation and thus probably represent a certain grocery retail outlook based on the culture of the organisation. Future research would need to be more inclusive and have a heterogeneous research sample in order to be more reflective of multiple organisations and cultures within the grocery retail sector in South Africa. The introduction of SSCOs in South Africa will transform the grocery retail sector. The understanding of the technology and its acceptance within the sector is critical to help grocery retailers develop strategies to drive business growth, improve customer experience and capitalise on the direction of transformation that technology brings to the sector. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The posttraumatic growth of Natalie Du Toit: A psychobiography
- Authors: Madotyeni-Ngcongca, Thozama
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Posttraumatic growth , Psychobiography , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61522 , vital:70969
- Description: This study sought to gain insight into the phenomenon of posttraumatic growth by performing a psychobiography of Natalie du Toit, who underwent a traumatic experience and acquired a disability. This study employed a psychobiographical methodology in order to interpret the life of Paralympic gold medallist, Natalie du Toit, from a psychosocial development perspective. The study used a qualitative research paradigm and a purposive sampling technique was employed to select Natalie du Toit. This was done to determine the extent to which Natalie du Toit underwent developmental growth as a result of posttraumatic growth after recuperating from her trauma. Tedeschi and Calhoun’s Posttraumatic Growth Model was used to inform the research. This model was used to describe the life experiences and events that characterised the posttraumatic adjustment of Natalie du Toit and interpret these through Tedeschi and Calhoun’s Posttraumatic Growth Model. The findings revealed a significant extend the existence of all five variables of Tedeschi and Calhoun’s Posttraumatic Growth Model, in the life of Natalie du Toit. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Madotyeni-Ngcongca, Thozama
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Posttraumatic growth , Psychobiography , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61522 , vital:70969
- Description: This study sought to gain insight into the phenomenon of posttraumatic growth by performing a psychobiography of Natalie du Toit, who underwent a traumatic experience and acquired a disability. This study employed a psychobiographical methodology in order to interpret the life of Paralympic gold medallist, Natalie du Toit, from a psychosocial development perspective. The study used a qualitative research paradigm and a purposive sampling technique was employed to select Natalie du Toit. This was done to determine the extent to which Natalie du Toit underwent developmental growth as a result of posttraumatic growth after recuperating from her trauma. Tedeschi and Calhoun’s Posttraumatic Growth Model was used to inform the research. This model was used to describe the life experiences and events that characterised the posttraumatic adjustment of Natalie du Toit and interpret these through Tedeschi and Calhoun’s Posttraumatic Growth Model. The findings revealed a significant extend the existence of all five variables of Tedeschi and Calhoun’s Posttraumatic Growth Model, in the life of Natalie du Toit. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The prevention of money laundering in the use of cryptocurrency
- Authors: Mnyakama, Mzimkhulu
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Money laundering--Prevention , Digital currency
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60645 , vital:66287
- Description: Money laundering has become common in the world and the introduction of cryptocurrencies has created another avenue that makes it easier to move funds between jurisdictions without anyone knowing. A block chain technology is used to process peer-to-peer electronic payments utilising decentralised virtual currencies known as cryptocurrencies. Although they are not yet regulated, cryptocurrencies are prevalent in South Africa and pose a risk of being used for money laundering and other illicit activities. The regulation of cryptocurrencies in South Africa to prevent money laundering is what is being examined by this research project. The objectives were to understand the concept of money laundering, cryptocurrency and the inherent risks of cryptocurrency in money laundering. An analysis and examination of the difficult concept of cryptocurrency and the risks of money laundering was done. The study demonstrated that cryptocurrencies are decentralised convertible virtual currencies based on cryptographic algorithms. Cryptocurrencies are not monitored by a central body. The research reveals that the use of cryptocurrencies presents risks of money laundering and other illegal activities because of its decentralised, anonymous, peer-to-peer, and unregulated nature. The study focused on the prevention of money laundering using cryptocurrency. International regulatory frameworks of countries such as Canada, United States of America, European Union and Australia were discussed and compared to the South African regulatory developments. It was established that the legal frameworks developed by Canada, the United States of America, the European Union, and Australia aim to mitigate the risk of money laundering associated with the use of cryptocurrencies. Additionally, it was discovered that there is no legislative framework in South Africa to regulate cryptocurrencies, however SARB acknowledged that efforts are being made to develop one. ix It was determined that South Africa urgently needs regulatory interventions in the continued use of cryptocurrencies. The author presented recommendations based on this need, including incorporating cryptocurrencies into the current legal framework by designating them as financial products and adopting a proactive rather than a reactionary approach to the developments of cryptocurrencies. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, School of School of Criminal and Procedural Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Mnyakama, Mzimkhulu
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Money laundering--Prevention , Digital currency
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60645 , vital:66287
- Description: Money laundering has become common in the world and the introduction of cryptocurrencies has created another avenue that makes it easier to move funds between jurisdictions without anyone knowing. A block chain technology is used to process peer-to-peer electronic payments utilising decentralised virtual currencies known as cryptocurrencies. Although they are not yet regulated, cryptocurrencies are prevalent in South Africa and pose a risk of being used for money laundering and other illicit activities. The regulation of cryptocurrencies in South Africa to prevent money laundering is what is being examined by this research project. The objectives were to understand the concept of money laundering, cryptocurrency and the inherent risks of cryptocurrency in money laundering. An analysis and examination of the difficult concept of cryptocurrency and the risks of money laundering was done. The study demonstrated that cryptocurrencies are decentralised convertible virtual currencies based on cryptographic algorithms. Cryptocurrencies are not monitored by a central body. The research reveals that the use of cryptocurrencies presents risks of money laundering and other illegal activities because of its decentralised, anonymous, peer-to-peer, and unregulated nature. The study focused on the prevention of money laundering using cryptocurrency. International regulatory frameworks of countries such as Canada, United States of America, European Union and Australia were discussed and compared to the South African regulatory developments. It was established that the legal frameworks developed by Canada, the United States of America, the European Union, and Australia aim to mitigate the risk of money laundering associated with the use of cryptocurrencies. Additionally, it was discovered that there is no legislative framework in South Africa to regulate cryptocurrencies, however SARB acknowledged that efforts are being made to develop one. ix It was determined that South Africa urgently needs regulatory interventions in the continued use of cryptocurrencies. The author presented recommendations based on this need, including incorporating cryptocurrencies into the current legal framework by designating them as financial products and adopting a proactive rather than a reactionary approach to the developments of cryptocurrencies. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, School of School of Criminal and Procedural Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The programmatic enforcement of the affirmative action provisions of the employment equity act, 55 of 1998
- Authors: Ntshoza, Zoleka Albertina
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Program -- implementation , Affirmative action programs , Discrimination in employment -– Law and legislation —- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60832 , vital:67863
- Description: This study explores the mechanisms contained in the Employment Equity Act of 1998 (EEA) that are in place to ensure that all employers comply with the EEA. The research introduces the topic and the background of the EEA and further discusses its important provisions. The EEA is an Act which was adopted to enable section 9 and 23 (1) of the Constitution. It is there to ensure equality in the workplace. The purpose of the EEA is to eliminate unfair discrimination in the workplace and promote equity for designated groups. This research discusses the application of the EEA and its interpretation by our courts. It does this by discussing leading cases of the EEA and other relevant fields of the labour law. Amongst other discussions in the research is the case of South African Police Service v Solidarity obo Bernard. In this case, a white female employee referred a matter of unfair discrimination to the court for her non-appointment, even though she was the only one who qualified for the job. The employer had preferred a black female candidate for the position. The court held that the discrimination was fair and relied on the employers Employment Equity Plan to determine whether the discrimination was just and equitable in terms of section 36 of the Constitution. Thereafter, this research considers the role of different bodies or structures that are in place to ensure compliance and implementation of affirmative action policies as outlined in the EEA. At the centre of this research is the role played by the inspectorate, the Commission for Employment Equity, and the Director General of the Department of Employment and Labour. These are the structures of the Department of Employment and Labour that are charged with enforcement of the labour laws and policies. Each structure has its own legislative duties. For example, in terms of the EEA, the inspector must conduct inspections for the employer’s workplace, make recommendations for compliance where it is necessary, and issue fines as a final sanction for non-compliance. On the other hand, the Commission for Employment Equity (CEE) investigating compliance, issuing annual reports, doing compliance reviews, issuing certificates of compliance and non-compliance and awards etc. In addition, the research also explores the enforcement penalties imposed by the EEA. It also incorporates a comparative study between the penalties imposed by South Africa with that of Namibia and Canada. This study will show how Canada’s EEA and South Africa are lenient compared to the Namibian one. In Namibia, non-compliance is not only sanctioned with fines but with other harsh sanctions that have detrimental effects on non-complying employers. Finally, the research makes a summary and findings of the study. Thereafter, it discusses the failures and shortfalls of the EEA. These critiques are made in comparison with other EEA such as Namibia, and further the researcher offers her personal critiques and recommendations to the current system. It then concludes by summarising the findings of the final chapter , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, School of of Labour Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Ntshoza, Zoleka Albertina
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Program -- implementation , Affirmative action programs , Discrimination in employment -– Law and legislation —- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60832 , vital:67863
- Description: This study explores the mechanisms contained in the Employment Equity Act of 1998 (EEA) that are in place to ensure that all employers comply with the EEA. The research introduces the topic and the background of the EEA and further discusses its important provisions. The EEA is an Act which was adopted to enable section 9 and 23 (1) of the Constitution. It is there to ensure equality in the workplace. The purpose of the EEA is to eliminate unfair discrimination in the workplace and promote equity for designated groups. This research discusses the application of the EEA and its interpretation by our courts. It does this by discussing leading cases of the EEA and other relevant fields of the labour law. Amongst other discussions in the research is the case of South African Police Service v Solidarity obo Bernard. In this case, a white female employee referred a matter of unfair discrimination to the court for her non-appointment, even though she was the only one who qualified for the job. The employer had preferred a black female candidate for the position. The court held that the discrimination was fair and relied on the employers Employment Equity Plan to determine whether the discrimination was just and equitable in terms of section 36 of the Constitution. Thereafter, this research considers the role of different bodies or structures that are in place to ensure compliance and implementation of affirmative action policies as outlined in the EEA. At the centre of this research is the role played by the inspectorate, the Commission for Employment Equity, and the Director General of the Department of Employment and Labour. These are the structures of the Department of Employment and Labour that are charged with enforcement of the labour laws and policies. Each structure has its own legislative duties. For example, in terms of the EEA, the inspector must conduct inspections for the employer’s workplace, make recommendations for compliance where it is necessary, and issue fines as a final sanction for non-compliance. On the other hand, the Commission for Employment Equity (CEE) investigating compliance, issuing annual reports, doing compliance reviews, issuing certificates of compliance and non-compliance and awards etc. In addition, the research also explores the enforcement penalties imposed by the EEA. It also incorporates a comparative study between the penalties imposed by South Africa with that of Namibia and Canada. This study will show how Canada’s EEA and South Africa are lenient compared to the Namibian one. In Namibia, non-compliance is not only sanctioned with fines but with other harsh sanctions that have detrimental effects on non-complying employers. Finally, the research makes a summary and findings of the study. Thereafter, it discusses the failures and shortfalls of the EEA. These critiques are made in comparison with other EEA such as Namibia, and further the researcher offers her personal critiques and recommendations to the current system. It then concludes by summarising the findings of the final chapter , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, School of of Labour Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The protection of the primary residence of a debtor in debt enforcement and insolvency
- Ngobese, Surname, Nokhwezi Xatyiswa
- Authors: Ngobese, Surname, Nokhwezi Xatyiswa
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Protection , Debtor and creditor -- Law and legislation , Bankruptcy -- Law and legislature
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61328 , vital:70288
- Description: Many people, particularly in South Africa, turn to borrowing money to pay for their everyday expenses. It is also generally acknowledged that mortgage financing is crucial to our economy and that it should remain readily available to people with a variety of incomes. Banks, and other secured lenders need confirmations that their security is reasonably safe to ensure that this remains the case. A debtor with immovable property is preferred because should the debtor fail to comply with his contractual obligations and there is no movable property to attach, the creditor will proceed to attach the immovable property of that debtor. In South Africa the law relating to debt enforcement proceedings and the provisions of the Insolvent Act allow for the attachment of the primary residence of a debtor/insolvent. There is a judicial process that is followed for the attachment of the house through debt enforcement. During insolvency the debtor is divested of his property immediately after granting of the sequestration order. These proceedings go as far as stripping a poor person of even a RDP house that they obtained through the Housing Act, a programme designed to provide housing to the poor. This study examines the relationship between the right to access housing and the right to human dignity, considering South Africa's past, the idea of transformative constitutionalism, and the argument that the 1996 South African Constitution's transformative vision is one that is committed to addressing socio-economic inequality. The legal position in South Africa is compared to that of the United Kingdom and the recommendation made by the study is that a stay in proceedings during insolvency for a defined period before the home of the insolvent is sold in execution would help advance the goals of the government and protect rights of those people whose estates are declared insolvent. Further, a complete exclusion of RDP houses from debt enforcement proceeding and insolvency, is suggested. The rights to equality and the right to property are considered in favour of the creditor. All rights are considered against the limitation clause, and it is submitted that a stay in sale of the primary household for a specific period during insolvency proceedings and the complete exclusion of RDP homes from sales in execution and sales during sequestration would not amount to an unjustifiable limitation of the creditor’s rights. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, School of School of Private Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Ngobese, Surname, Nokhwezi Xatyiswa
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Protection , Debtor and creditor -- Law and legislation , Bankruptcy -- Law and legislature
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61328 , vital:70288
- Description: Many people, particularly in South Africa, turn to borrowing money to pay for their everyday expenses. It is also generally acknowledged that mortgage financing is crucial to our economy and that it should remain readily available to people with a variety of incomes. Banks, and other secured lenders need confirmations that their security is reasonably safe to ensure that this remains the case. A debtor with immovable property is preferred because should the debtor fail to comply with his contractual obligations and there is no movable property to attach, the creditor will proceed to attach the immovable property of that debtor. In South Africa the law relating to debt enforcement proceedings and the provisions of the Insolvent Act allow for the attachment of the primary residence of a debtor/insolvent. There is a judicial process that is followed for the attachment of the house through debt enforcement. During insolvency the debtor is divested of his property immediately after granting of the sequestration order. These proceedings go as far as stripping a poor person of even a RDP house that they obtained through the Housing Act, a programme designed to provide housing to the poor. This study examines the relationship between the right to access housing and the right to human dignity, considering South Africa's past, the idea of transformative constitutionalism, and the argument that the 1996 South African Constitution's transformative vision is one that is committed to addressing socio-economic inequality. The legal position in South Africa is compared to that of the United Kingdom and the recommendation made by the study is that a stay in proceedings during insolvency for a defined period before the home of the insolvent is sold in execution would help advance the goals of the government and protect rights of those people whose estates are declared insolvent. Further, a complete exclusion of RDP houses from debt enforcement proceeding and insolvency, is suggested. The rights to equality and the right to property are considered in favour of the creditor. All rights are considered against the limitation clause, and it is submitted that a stay in sale of the primary household for a specific period during insolvency proceedings and the complete exclusion of RDP homes from sales in execution and sales during sequestration would not amount to an unjustifiable limitation of the creditor’s rights. , Thesis (LLM) -- Faculty of Law, School of School of Private Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The quantification of Pinus patula recovery and productivity of manually orientated biomass collection in post mechanised full tree and semi mechanised tree length harvesting operations
- Authors: Ncongwane, Thandekile Hazel
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Pinus patula – south Africa , Forest ecology , Biomass energy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61511 , vital:70692
- Description: The use of biomass as an alternate source of energy has grown in popularity. Different types of biomass are obtained from a variety of sources including natural forests, forestry plantations and agriculture residues. However, forestry residues have been identified as the most promising source, due to the wide variety of plant products including leaves, twigs, branches, merchantable stem, stumps and roots. The main sources of plantation forest biomass are residues from thinning, clearfell and conventional products such as pulpwood and sawn timber operations. These residues can accumulate between 4.3 to 9.4 billion tonnes annually around the world. The biomass availability in plantation forests has led to the development of different harvesting systems to help collect the products from infield to sawmill. Biomass harvesting has mainly been achieved through mechanised systems because of their high yields. However, the use of manual systems has been neglected due to technical limitations and financial viability. Thus, in South Africa, there is no scientific research looking at manual systems of collecting biomass from plantations. Because of this, different forestry stakeholders, including small growers and contractors using manual systems for biomass harvesting have limited knowledge regarding what to expect in terms of recoverable amounts, productivity and cost. This research examines the productivity of the manual biomass collection and the quantification of recovered and unrecovered residues after mechanised full tree (FT) and semi mechanised tree length (TL) harvesting operations in Pinus patula compartments. A total number of 8 plots with +/-200 standing trees were marked in each system. The diameter and height of all marked trees were measured to determine tree volume. Moreover, the quantification of recoverable woody biomass was determined, where after, a residues assessment method using plots and line transects was used to determine the amount of unrecovered residues. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Ncongwane, Thandekile Hazel
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Pinus patula – south Africa , Forest ecology , Biomass energy
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61511 , vital:70692
- Description: The use of biomass as an alternate source of energy has grown in popularity. Different types of biomass are obtained from a variety of sources including natural forests, forestry plantations and agriculture residues. However, forestry residues have been identified as the most promising source, due to the wide variety of plant products including leaves, twigs, branches, merchantable stem, stumps and roots. The main sources of plantation forest biomass are residues from thinning, clearfell and conventional products such as pulpwood and sawn timber operations. These residues can accumulate between 4.3 to 9.4 billion tonnes annually around the world. The biomass availability in plantation forests has led to the development of different harvesting systems to help collect the products from infield to sawmill. Biomass harvesting has mainly been achieved through mechanised systems because of their high yields. However, the use of manual systems has been neglected due to technical limitations and financial viability. Thus, in South Africa, there is no scientific research looking at manual systems of collecting biomass from plantations. Because of this, different forestry stakeholders, including small growers and contractors using manual systems for biomass harvesting have limited knowledge regarding what to expect in terms of recoverable amounts, productivity and cost. This research examines the productivity of the manual biomass collection and the quantification of recovered and unrecovered residues after mechanised full tree (FT) and semi mechanised tree length (TL) harvesting operations in Pinus patula compartments. A total number of 8 plots with +/-200 standing trees were marked in each system. The diameter and height of all marked trees were measured to determine tree volume. Moreover, the quantification of recoverable woody biomass was determined, where after, a residues assessment method using plots and line transects was used to determine the amount of unrecovered residues. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The role of trade unions in organisational change in South African organisations
- Authors: Mzondi, Siphelele
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Organizational change -- Management , Organisational Development , Labor union emblems
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62181 , vital:72005
- Description: Organisations of the 21st century face a plethora of changes due to globalisation, a world referred to as volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA). Organisations must consider pertinent stakeholders, specifically employees, and by representation, trade unions, during organisational change attempts. The study has explored the role of trade unions during organisational change in South African organisations. A literature review was conducted, which explored, amongst others, factors driving change, organisational change management models, the labour relations landscape in South Africa and the role of trade unions in organisational change. The empirical study included semi-structured interviews and a survey with a questionnaire. An exploratory sequential mixed methods research design was followed, with semi-structured interviews conducted with trade union representatives and human resource/employment relations managers. Thereafter, an online self-administered survey was conducted focusing on employees. A non-probability judgement design was employed in sampling the participants for the qualitative approach, and five (N = 5) HR/employment relations managers and six (N = 6) trade union representatives were interviewed. Random sampling was employed for the quantitative component and 74 questionnaires were completed. The interviews were thematically analysed while for the survey, exploratory factor and correlation analysis were used. The factor analysis extracted three factors: Before Change; During Change; and After Change. Based on the results recommendations for senior management, HR/ER managers; and for trade unions were presented. The recommendations include that organisations use the framework as a guide to involve trade unions. Trade unions and their representatives need to be acknowledged as important stakeholders before change is introduced. Knowledge of labour law is essential and a culture of open communication must be evident before, during and after change. Trade unions should organise conferences (Indabas) to reorientate and reskill themselves about their role during organisational change within South African organisations. The main contribution of the study is that HR/ER managers and trade union representatives should utilise the framework developed in this study to advance best practices in respect of the role of trade unions in organisational change in the South African context. , Thesis (Ma) --Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Mzondi, Siphelele
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Organizational change -- Management , Organisational Development , Labor union emblems
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62181 , vital:72005
- Description: Organisations of the 21st century face a plethora of changes due to globalisation, a world referred to as volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA). Organisations must consider pertinent stakeholders, specifically employees, and by representation, trade unions, during organisational change attempts. The study has explored the role of trade unions during organisational change in South African organisations. A literature review was conducted, which explored, amongst others, factors driving change, organisational change management models, the labour relations landscape in South Africa and the role of trade unions in organisational change. The empirical study included semi-structured interviews and a survey with a questionnaire. An exploratory sequential mixed methods research design was followed, with semi-structured interviews conducted with trade union representatives and human resource/employment relations managers. Thereafter, an online self-administered survey was conducted focusing on employees. A non-probability judgement design was employed in sampling the participants for the qualitative approach, and five (N = 5) HR/employment relations managers and six (N = 6) trade union representatives were interviewed. Random sampling was employed for the quantitative component and 74 questionnaires were completed. The interviews were thematically analysed while for the survey, exploratory factor and correlation analysis were used. The factor analysis extracted three factors: Before Change; During Change; and After Change. Based on the results recommendations for senior management, HR/ER managers; and for trade unions were presented. The recommendations include that organisations use the framework as a guide to involve trade unions. Trade unions and their representatives need to be acknowledged as important stakeholders before change is introduced. Knowledge of labour law is essential and a culture of open communication must be evident before, during and after change. Trade unions should organise conferences (Indabas) to reorientate and reskill themselves about their role during organisational change within South African organisations. The main contribution of the study is that HR/ER managers and trade union representatives should utilise the framework developed in this study to advance best practices in respect of the role of trade unions in organisational change in the South African context. , Thesis (Ma) --Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
The socio-economic impact of communal property associations in O.R. Tambo district in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mhlontlo, Lizo
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Socio-economic impact , Communal Property Associations
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61692 , vital:71826
- Description: Land is the most valuable resource in every nation since it supports all aspects of life by giving people food, shelter, and water. In South Africa, the legacy of the colonial past remains with ongoing poverty, landlessness, inequality, and insecurity to this day. Large tracts of property are still owned by the minority who benefited from apartheid colonialism, the land issue continues to be a major concern in South African politics. After 1994 the Department of Land Affairs released a White Paper on Land Reform that served as the model for many subsequent land reform initiatives, including land restitution. Former Bantustans contain a sizable quantity of unsurveyed land that is kept in trust and administered by traditional leaders who serve as custodians. In order to return the land to its rightful owners through land restitution as well as other land reform initiatives, the government established a legal organization, the Communal Property Association (CPA), against which the land could be registered. This study focuses on CPAs located on unsurveyed communal land in the Eastern Cape Province's OR Tambo District. There has been discussion in parliament and among academics about the effectiveness of CPAs in addressing socioeconomic needs. Various studies and departmental assessments have revealed that CPAs are not in compliance with the Act that governs them, and the Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, and Land Reform developed a regularization intervention strategy to close administrative gaps in slow land transfer, membership, financial reporting, asset management, and accountability. This study investigates whether CPAs provide socioeconomic benefits, and assesses their current practicability. Five CPAs were sampled, each located in different towns in the OR Tambo District of the Eastern Cape. The findings are that while there has been a socio-economic impact in the broader community where CPAs are located there has been limited benefit to intended beneficiaries. CPAs and their administration are in dire need of change. Too large CPA groupings, a lack of understanding of the constitution, a lack of business skills, a lack of asset management, corrupt transactions on CPA land, traditional leadership interference, delays in land surveying and transfer, a lack of government support, and land invasions are all challenges. The government needs to prioritize land surveying and transfer to beneficiaries in order to reduce land invasions and conflicts with traditional leaders. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Mhlontlo, Lizo
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Socio-economic impact , Communal Property Associations
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61692 , vital:71826
- Description: Land is the most valuable resource in every nation since it supports all aspects of life by giving people food, shelter, and water. In South Africa, the legacy of the colonial past remains with ongoing poverty, landlessness, inequality, and insecurity to this day. Large tracts of property are still owned by the minority who benefited from apartheid colonialism, the land issue continues to be a major concern in South African politics. After 1994 the Department of Land Affairs released a White Paper on Land Reform that served as the model for many subsequent land reform initiatives, including land restitution. Former Bantustans contain a sizable quantity of unsurveyed land that is kept in trust and administered by traditional leaders who serve as custodians. In order to return the land to its rightful owners through land restitution as well as other land reform initiatives, the government established a legal organization, the Communal Property Association (CPA), against which the land could be registered. This study focuses on CPAs located on unsurveyed communal land in the Eastern Cape Province's OR Tambo District. There has been discussion in parliament and among academics about the effectiveness of CPAs in addressing socioeconomic needs. Various studies and departmental assessments have revealed that CPAs are not in compliance with the Act that governs them, and the Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, and Land Reform developed a regularization intervention strategy to close administrative gaps in slow land transfer, membership, financial reporting, asset management, and accountability. This study investigates whether CPAs provide socioeconomic benefits, and assesses their current practicability. Five CPAs were sampled, each located in different towns in the OR Tambo District of the Eastern Cape. The findings are that while there has been a socio-economic impact in the broader community where CPAs are located there has been limited benefit to intended beneficiaries. CPAs and their administration are in dire need of change. Too large CPA groupings, a lack of understanding of the constitution, a lack of business skills, a lack of asset management, corrupt transactions on CPA land, traditional leadership interference, delays in land surveying and transfer, a lack of government support, and land invasions are all challenges. The government needs to prioritize land surveying and transfer to beneficiaries in order to reduce land invasions and conflicts with traditional leaders. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04