IziNambuzane: isiZulu names for insects
- Cockburn, Jessica J, Khumalo-Seegelken, B, Villet, Martin H
- Authors: Cockburn, Jessica J , Khumalo-Seegelken, B , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Insects -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Nomenclature , Zulu language -- Revival , Language policy -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal , Native language and education -- Research -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal , Ethnoentomology
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6972 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014581
- Description: We provide a tool for communicating about insects in isiZulu to facilitate research and knowledge sharing in the fields of indigenous knowledge, cultural entomology, environmental education and community extensioninvolving isiZulu speakers. A total of 213 different names for 64 insect specimens were encountered among a sample of 67 respondents in 11 communities distributed across the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This list includes 93 names that can be considered core isiZulu vocabulary and which are widely used to identify insects that are agriculturally, medically, domestically, culturally or ecologically common or significant. Substantial variation was found regarding the names for particular insects, especially between regions, suggesting dialectal differences between isiZulu speakers. Grammatical and social variation in names was also recorded. This study highlights interdisciplinary teamwork in the field of indigenous knowledge research and the influences affecting the standardisation of South African languages for technical and scientific work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Cockburn, Jessica J , Khumalo-Seegelken, B , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Insects -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal -- Nomenclature , Zulu language -- Revival , Language policy -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal , Native language and education -- Research -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal , Ethnoentomology
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6972 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014581
- Description: We provide a tool for communicating about insects in isiZulu to facilitate research and knowledge sharing in the fields of indigenous knowledge, cultural entomology, environmental education and community extensioninvolving isiZulu speakers. A total of 213 different names for 64 insect specimens were encountered among a sample of 67 respondents in 11 communities distributed across the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This list includes 93 names that can be considered core isiZulu vocabulary and which are widely used to identify insects that are agriculturally, medically, domestically, culturally or ecologically common or significant. Substantial variation was found regarding the names for particular insects, especially between regions, suggesting dialectal differences between isiZulu speakers. Grammatical and social variation in names was also recorded. This study highlights interdisciplinary teamwork in the field of indigenous knowledge research and the influences affecting the standardisation of South African languages for technical and scientific work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Seeing the wood for the trees: the role of woody resources for the construction of gender specific household cultural artefacts in non-traditional communities in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Cocks, Michelle L, Bangay, Lindsey, Wiersum, K Freerk, Dold, Anthony P
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Bangay, Lindsey , Wiersum, K Freerk , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6823 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003830
- Description: There is a growing wealth of data capturing the direct-use values of the environment and recognition of forests and wild resources as representing ‘‘the poor man’s overcoat’’. This focus has however resulted in an emphasis on the utilitarian values of wild resources for rural livelihoods and has for the most part overlooked their cultural values. In tangent to these developments within the field of anthropology there has been increased attention directed towards the relationship between biodiversity and human diversity over the past decade. This has resulted in the recognition of what the Declaration of Belem calls an ‘inextricable link’ between biological and cultural diversity. The term bio-cultural diversity has been introduced as a concept denoting this link. Consequently there is a need for more elaborate assessments of the various ways in which different groups of people find value in biodiversity. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the cultural significance of wild harvested plant resources for the maintenance of two gender specific cultural artefacts for amaXhosa people in South Africa, to assess the persistence of these practices in rapidly modernizing communities. We demonstrate the endurance of these ancient cultural artefacts in present-day peri-urban communities and suggest that they point to the need for improved understanding of the significance of bio-cultural diversity. The findings of the study should not be interpreted as illustrating stagnation in the traditional past, but rather as pointing at the need for improved understanding of the significance of bio-cultural diversity in a dynamic sense.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Bangay, Lindsey , Wiersum, K Freerk , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6823 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003830
- Description: There is a growing wealth of data capturing the direct-use values of the environment and recognition of forests and wild resources as representing ‘‘the poor man’s overcoat’’. This focus has however resulted in an emphasis on the utilitarian values of wild resources for rural livelihoods and has for the most part overlooked their cultural values. In tangent to these developments within the field of anthropology there has been increased attention directed towards the relationship between biodiversity and human diversity over the past decade. This has resulted in the recognition of what the Declaration of Belem calls an ‘inextricable link’ between biological and cultural diversity. The term bio-cultural diversity has been introduced as a concept denoting this link. Consequently there is a need for more elaborate assessments of the various ways in which different groups of people find value in biodiversity. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the cultural significance of wild harvested plant resources for the maintenance of two gender specific cultural artefacts for amaXhosa people in South Africa, to assess the persistence of these practices in rapidly modernizing communities. We demonstrate the endurance of these ancient cultural artefacts in present-day peri-urban communities and suggest that they point to the need for improved understanding of the significance of bio-cultural diversity. The findings of the study should not be interpreted as illustrating stagnation in the traditional past, but rather as pointing at the need for improved understanding of the significance of bio-cultural diversity in a dynamic sense.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Biocultural diversity: moving beyond the realm of ‘indigenous’ and ‘local’ people
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7107 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010681
- Description: During the past decade the relationship between biodiversity and human diversity has received increased attention, resulting in the identification of what the Declaration of Belém calls an ‘inextricable link’ between biological and cultural diversity. Although the term biocultural diversity, introduced to denote this link, is being used increasingly, there has been little critical reflection on what it precisely refers to. I argue that it is used with particular reference to ‘indigenous traditional’ people, but that there is scope for extending its application within biocultural discourse. I therefore review the concept of culture and discuss what constitutes cultural values of the natural environment. I conclude that the concept of culture must be understood as involving a dynamic process of transcultural exchange and constant re-articulations of tradition resulting in the persistence of certain cultural practices. This approach ultimately reveals that the concept of biocultural diversity is also applicable to non-indigenous traditional communities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7107 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010681
- Description: During the past decade the relationship between biodiversity and human diversity has received increased attention, resulting in the identification of what the Declaration of Belém calls an ‘inextricable link’ between biological and cultural diversity. Although the term biocultural diversity, introduced to denote this link, is being used increasingly, there has been little critical reflection on what it precisely refers to. I argue that it is used with particular reference to ‘indigenous traditional’ people, but that there is scope for extending its application within biocultural discourse. I therefore review the concept of culture and discuss what constitutes cultural values of the natural environment. I conclude that the concept of culture must be understood as involving a dynamic process of transcultural exchange and constant re-articulations of tradition resulting in the persistence of certain cultural practices. This approach ultimately reveals that the concept of biocultural diversity is also applicable to non-indigenous traditional communities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Use of indigenous and indigenised medicines to enhance personal well-being: a South African case study
- Cocks, Michelle L, Moller, Valerie
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Moller, Valerie
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7106 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010679
- Description: An estimated 27 million South Africans use indigenous medicines (Mander, 1997, Medicinal plant marketing and strategies for sustaining the plant supply in the Bushbuckridge area and Mpumalanga Province. Institute for Natural Resources, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa). Although herbal remedies are freely available in amayeza stores, or Xhosa chemists, for self-medication, little is known about the motivations of consumers. According to African belief systems, good health is holistic and extends to the person's social environment. The paper makes a distinction between traditional medicines which are used to enhance personal well-being generally and for cultural purposes, on the one hand, and medicines used to treat physical conditions only, on the other. Drawing on an eight-month study of Xhosa chemists in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, in 1996, the paper identifies 90 medicines in stock which are used to enhance personal well-being. Just under one-third of all purchases were of medicines to enhance well-being. Remedies particularly popular included medicines believed to ward off evil spirits and bring good luck. The protection of infants with medicines which repel evil spirits is a common practice. Consumer behaviours indicate that the range of medicines available is increased by indigenisation of manufactured traditional medicines and cross-cultural borrowing. Case studies confirm that self- and infant medication with indigenous remedies augmented by indigenised medicines plays an important role in primary health care by allaying the fears and anxieties of everyday life within the Xhosa belief system, thereby promoting personal well-being.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Moller, Valerie
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7106 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010679
- Description: An estimated 27 million South Africans use indigenous medicines (Mander, 1997, Medicinal plant marketing and strategies for sustaining the plant supply in the Bushbuckridge area and Mpumalanga Province. Institute for Natural Resources, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa). Although herbal remedies are freely available in amayeza stores, or Xhosa chemists, for self-medication, little is known about the motivations of consumers. According to African belief systems, good health is holistic and extends to the person's social environment. The paper makes a distinction between traditional medicines which are used to enhance personal well-being generally and for cultural purposes, on the one hand, and medicines used to treat physical conditions only, on the other. Drawing on an eight-month study of Xhosa chemists in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, in 1996, the paper identifies 90 medicines in stock which are used to enhance personal well-being. Just under one-third of all purchases were of medicines to enhance well-being. Remedies particularly popular included medicines believed to ward off evil spirits and bring good luck. The protection of infants with medicines which repel evil spirits is a common practice. Consumer behaviours indicate that the range of medicines available is increased by indigenisation of manufactured traditional medicines and cross-cultural borrowing. Case studies confirm that self- and infant medication with indigenous remedies augmented by indigenised medicines plays an important role in primary health care by allaying the fears and anxieties of everyday life within the Xhosa belief system, thereby promoting personal well-being.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
The role of ‘African Chemists’ in the health care system of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa
- Cocks, Michelle L, Dold, Anthony P
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7105 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010675
- Description: Self-medication is documented as an integral part of health care therapy in developing countries such as Ethiopia, Cameroon, Uganda and Mexico. In South Africa the types of illnesses and health problems that are referred to both traditional healers and biomedical practices have been well documented. However, very little literature exists on self-diagnosis, self-medication or sources of the medicines used for self-medication. This bias in the literature has come about largely because anthropological studies have focused on the later stages of the illness referral system when treatment is sought from a specialist for symptoms which have not responded to forms of self-medication. As a result of this, health care studies have documented the more exceptional exotic healing rituals and culturally bound syndromes of a particular society or community, and not discussed the more ordinary practices of self-medication of everyday illness. Self-medication is however an important initial response to illness and many illnesses are successfully managed at this stage. Amayeza stores (singular-iyeza store) — or ‘African chemists’ — are an important source of medicines for self-diagnosed illnesses. The current discussion focuses on the types of medicines and treatments that are obtained from amayeza stores without professional consultation in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7105 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010675
- Description: Self-medication is documented as an integral part of health care therapy in developing countries such as Ethiopia, Cameroon, Uganda and Mexico. In South Africa the types of illnesses and health problems that are referred to both traditional healers and biomedical practices have been well documented. However, very little literature exists on self-diagnosis, self-medication or sources of the medicines used for self-medication. This bias in the literature has come about largely because anthropological studies have focused on the later stages of the illness referral system when treatment is sought from a specialist for symptoms which have not responded to forms of self-medication. As a result of this, health care studies have documented the more exceptional exotic healing rituals and culturally bound syndromes of a particular society or community, and not discussed the more ordinary practices of self-medication of everyday illness. Self-medication is however an important initial response to illness and many illnesses are successfully managed at this stage. Amayeza stores (singular-iyeza store) — or ‘African chemists’ — are an important source of medicines for self-diagnosed illnesses. The current discussion focuses on the types of medicines and treatments that are obtained from amayeza stores without professional consultation in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
The role of 'African Chemists' in the health care system of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa
- Cocks, Michelle L, Dold, Anthony P
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6508 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005935
- Description: Self-medication is documented as an integral part of health care therapy in developing countries such as Ethiopia, Cameroon, Uganda and Mexico. In South Africa the types of illnesses and health problems that are referred to both traditional healers and biomedical practices have been well documented. However, very little literature exists on self-diagnosis, self-medication or sources of the medicines used for self-medication. This bias in the literature has come about largely because anthropological studies have focused on the later stages of the illness referral system when treatment is sought from a specialist for symptoms which have not responded to forms of self-medication. As a result of this, health care studies have documented the more exceptional exotic healing rituals and culturally bound syndromes of a particular society or community, and not discussed the more ordinary practices of self-medication of everyday illness. Self-medication is however an important initial response to illness and many illnesses are successfully managed at this stage. Amayeza stores (singular-iyeza store) — or ‘African chemists’ — are an important source of medicines for self-diagnosed illnesses. The current discussion focuses on the types of medicines and treatments that are obtained from amayeza stores without professional consultation in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6508 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005935
- Description: Self-medication is documented as an integral part of health care therapy in developing countries such as Ethiopia, Cameroon, Uganda and Mexico. In South Africa the types of illnesses and health problems that are referred to both traditional healers and biomedical practices have been well documented. However, very little literature exists on self-diagnosis, self-medication or sources of the medicines used for self-medication. This bias in the literature has come about largely because anthropological studies have focused on the later stages of the illness referral system when treatment is sought from a specialist for symptoms which have not responded to forms of self-medication. As a result of this, health care studies have documented the more exceptional exotic healing rituals and culturally bound syndromes of a particular society or community, and not discussed the more ordinary practices of self-medication of everyday illness. Self-medication is however an important initial response to illness and many illnesses are successfully managed at this stage. Amayeza stores (singular-iyeza store) — or ‘African chemists’ — are an important source of medicines for self-diagnosed illnesses. The current discussion focuses on the types of medicines and treatments that are obtained from amayeza stores without professional consultation in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Plants for health, life and spirit in Africa : implications for biodiversity and cultural diversity conservation
- Cocks, Michelle L, Dold, Anthony P
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6617 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016225
- Description: [From Introduction] Natural resources are often only perceived as contributing to rural livelihoods through food production and household welfare. There is a growing wealth of information capturing the direct-use values of the environment and consequent recognition of natural resources as being “the poor man's overcoat”. These approaches, however, have failed to fully account for the various ways in which different groups of people make use of, and find value in biodiversity. New developments within the field of anthropology have begun to explore the relationship between biodiversity and human diversity. This view has largely come about because many of the areas of highest biological diversity are inhabited by indigenous and traditional people, providing what the Declaration of Belem (1988) calls an 'inextricable link' between biological and cultural diversity (Posey 1999). The term bio-cultural diversity was introduced by Posey in 1999 to describe the concept denoting this link. , Funding was received from the South Africa-Netherlands Programme on Alternatives in Development (SANPAD) and the International Foundation of Science (IFS)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6617 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016225
- Description: [From Introduction] Natural resources are often only perceived as contributing to rural livelihoods through food production and household welfare. There is a growing wealth of information capturing the direct-use values of the environment and consequent recognition of natural resources as being “the poor man's overcoat”. These approaches, however, have failed to fully account for the various ways in which different groups of people make use of, and find value in biodiversity. New developments within the field of anthropology have begun to explore the relationship between biodiversity and human diversity. This view has largely come about because many of the areas of highest biological diversity are inhabited by indigenous and traditional people, providing what the Declaration of Belem (1988) calls an 'inextricable link' between biological and cultural diversity (Posey 1999). The term bio-cultural diversity was introduced by Posey in 1999 to describe the concept denoting this link. , Funding was received from the South Africa-Netherlands Programme on Alternatives in Development (SANPAD) and the International Foundation of Science (IFS)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Impact of nutrients and herbivory by Eccritotarsus catarinensis on the biological control of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes
- Coetzee, Julie A, Byrne, Marcus J, Hill, Martin P
- Authors: Coetzee, Julie A , Byrne, Marcus J , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6945 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011973 , https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-5298
- Description: Many water hyacinth infestations in South Africa are the symptom of eutrophication, and as a result, biological control of this weed is variable. This study examined the effects of herbivory by the mirid, Eccritotarsus catarinensis, on water hyacinth grown at high, medium and low nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrient concentrations. Water nutrient concentration appears to be the overriding factor affecting plant growth parameters of water hyacinth plants—at high nutrient concentrations, leaf and daughter plant production were more than double than at low nutrient concentrations, while stem length was twice as great at high nutrient concentrations compared to low concentrations. Chlorophyll content was also twice as high at high nutrient concentrations than low concentrations. Conversely, flower production at high nutrient concentrations was less than half that at low concentrations. Herbivory by E. catarinensis did not have as great an effect on water hyacinth vigour as nutrient concentration did, although it significantly reduced the production of daughter plants by 23 ± 9%, the length of the second petiole by 13 ± 5%, and chlorophyll content of water hyacinth leaves by 15 ± 6%. In terms of insect numbers, mirids performed better on plants grown under medium nutrient conditions (99 ± 28 S.E.), compared to high nutrient concentrations (52 ± 27 S.E.), and low nutrient concentrations (25 ± 30 S.E.). Thus, these results suggest that the fastest and most significant reduction in water hyacinth proliferation would be reached by lowering the water nutrient concentrations, and herbivory by E. catarinensis alone is not sufficient to reduce all aspects of water hyacinth vigour, especially at very high nutrient concentrations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Coetzee, Julie A , Byrne, Marcus J , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6945 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011973 , https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-5298
- Description: Many water hyacinth infestations in South Africa are the symptom of eutrophication, and as a result, biological control of this weed is variable. This study examined the effects of herbivory by the mirid, Eccritotarsus catarinensis, on water hyacinth grown at high, medium and low nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrient concentrations. Water nutrient concentration appears to be the overriding factor affecting plant growth parameters of water hyacinth plants—at high nutrient concentrations, leaf and daughter plant production were more than double than at low nutrient concentrations, while stem length was twice as great at high nutrient concentrations compared to low concentrations. Chlorophyll content was also twice as high at high nutrient concentrations than low concentrations. Conversely, flower production at high nutrient concentrations was less than half that at low concentrations. Herbivory by E. catarinensis did not have as great an effect on water hyacinth vigour as nutrient concentration did, although it significantly reduced the production of daughter plants by 23 ± 9%, the length of the second petiole by 13 ± 5%, and chlorophyll content of water hyacinth leaves by 15 ± 6%. In terms of insect numbers, mirids performed better on plants grown under medium nutrient conditions (99 ± 28 S.E.), compared to high nutrient concentrations (52 ± 27 S.E.), and low nutrient concentrations (25 ± 30 S.E.). Thus, these results suggest that the fastest and most significant reduction in water hyacinth proliferation would be reached by lowering the water nutrient concentrations, and herbivory by E. catarinensis alone is not sufficient to reduce all aspects of water hyacinth vigour, especially at very high nutrient concentrations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Effects of patch-size on populations of intertidal limpets, Siphonaria spp., in a linear landscape
- Cole, Victoria J, Johnson, Linda G, McQuaid, Christopher D
- Authors: Cole, Victoria J , Johnson, Linda G , McQuaid, Christopher D
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6845 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011050
- Description: Organisms with different life-histories and abilities to disperse often utilise habitat patches in different ways. We investigated the influence of the size of patches of rock (separated by stretches of sand) on the density of pulmonate limpets (Siphonaria spp.) along 1500 km of the linear landscape of the South African coastline. We compared the influence of patch-size on two congeneric species with different modes of development, S. serrata a direct developer, and S. concinna a planktonic developer. We tested the spatial and temporal consistency of the effects of patch-size by sampling 7 independent regions spanning the distributional range of both species of limpets, and by sampling one region at monthly intervals for 1 year. Within each region or month, 4 small patches (<20 m in length) interspersed with the 4 large patches (>60 m in length) were sampled. Across the entire geographic range and throughout the year, there were more of both species of limpets in large patches than in small patches. In most regions, there was greater variability in large patches than small patches. Variability within patches in a single region was similar throughout the year, with greater variability of both species in large than in small patches. We found little influence of the mode of development on the response of limpets to patch-size. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding patterns of distribution of species with respect to habitat heterogeneity in linear landscapes, and contradict the idea that organism mobility at an early ontogenetic stage directly affects habitat use.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Cole, Victoria J , Johnson, Linda G , McQuaid, Christopher D
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6845 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011050
- Description: Organisms with different life-histories and abilities to disperse often utilise habitat patches in different ways. We investigated the influence of the size of patches of rock (separated by stretches of sand) on the density of pulmonate limpets (Siphonaria spp.) along 1500 km of the linear landscape of the South African coastline. We compared the influence of patch-size on two congeneric species with different modes of development, S. serrata a direct developer, and S. concinna a planktonic developer. We tested the spatial and temporal consistency of the effects of patch-size by sampling 7 independent regions spanning the distributional range of both species of limpets, and by sampling one region at monthly intervals for 1 year. Within each region or month, 4 small patches (<20 m in length) interspersed with the 4 large patches (>60 m in length) were sampled. Across the entire geographic range and throughout the year, there were more of both species of limpets in large patches than in small patches. In most regions, there was greater variability in large patches than small patches. Variability within patches in a single region was similar throughout the year, with greater variability of both species in large than in small patches. We found little influence of the mode of development on the response of limpets to patch-size. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding patterns of distribution of species with respect to habitat heterogeneity in linear landscapes, and contradict the idea that organism mobility at an early ontogenetic stage directly affects habitat use.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Comparative blanching activities of proprietary diflucortolone valerate topical preparations
- Coleman, Gerald L, Kanfer, Isadore, Haigh, John M
- Authors: Coleman, Gerald L , Kanfer, Isadore , Haigh, John M
- Date: 1978
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6350 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006032
- Description: The blanching activities and hence bioavailabilities of the cream, ointment and fatty ointment preparations of Nerisone and Temetex (diflucortolone valerate 0.1%) were evaluated using an occluded and unoccluded blanching assay. These products were compared to Synalar ointment and cream (fluocinolone acetonide 0.025%), established topical corticosteroid preparations. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between similar formulations of diflucortolone valerate. Significant differences were noted between diflucortolone valerate and fluocinolone acetonide preparations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978
- Authors: Coleman, Gerald L , Kanfer, Isadore , Haigh, John M
- Date: 1978
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6350 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006032
- Description: The blanching activities and hence bioavailabilities of the cream, ointment and fatty ointment preparations of Nerisone and Temetex (diflucortolone valerate 0.1%) were evaluated using an occluded and unoccluded blanching assay. These products were compared to Synalar ointment and cream (fluocinolone acetonide 0.025%), established topical corticosteroid preparations. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between similar formulations of diflucortolone valerate. Significant differences were noted between diflucortolone valerate and fluocinolone acetonide preparations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1978
Blue Notes duo blown together
- Authors: Collings, Patrick
- Subjects: McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Ngozi, Winston "Mankunku" , Ngcukane, Chris , Ngcukane, Ezra , Blue Notes (Musical group : South Africa) , Jazz , Jazz musicians
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:13516 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006093 , McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Ngozi, Winston "Mankunku" , Ngcukane, Chris , Ngcukane, Ezra , Blue Notes (Musical group : South Africa) , Jazz , Jazz musicians
- Description: Article from The Cape Times about Chris McGregor's concert with Winston "Mankunku" Ngozi and other guests more than 20 years after their separation at the Carling Circle of Jazz Festival in South Africa. Two photos are accompanying the article: Winston Ngozi with his Saxophone (left) and Winston Ngozi shaking hands with McGregor (right).
- Full Text:
- Authors: Collings, Patrick
- Subjects: McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Ngozi, Winston "Mankunku" , Ngcukane, Chris , Ngcukane, Ezra , Blue Notes (Musical group : South Africa) , Jazz , Jazz musicians
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:13516 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006093 , McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Ngozi, Winston "Mankunku" , Ngcukane, Chris , Ngcukane, Ezra , Blue Notes (Musical group : South Africa) , Jazz , Jazz musicians
- Description: Article from The Cape Times about Chris McGregor's concert with Winston "Mankunku" Ngozi and other guests more than 20 years after their separation at the Carling Circle of Jazz Festival in South Africa. Two photos are accompanying the article: Winston Ngozi with his Saxophone (left) and Winston Ngozi shaking hands with McGregor (right).
- Full Text:
"In ten years, maybe less", Chris McGregor about the establishment of democracy in South Africa
- Authors: Combres, Joël
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , De Klerk, Frederik , Jazz , Jazz musicians , Blue Notes (Musical group : South Africa)
- Language: French
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:13517 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006094 , McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , De Klerk, Frederik , Jazz , Jazz musicians , Blue Notes (Musical group : South Africa)
- Description: Photocopied article from the French newspaper Sud-Ouest about Chris McGregor's political opinions and hopes for South Africa. There are 2 pictures with the article. On top, Chris McGregor in his garden in France. The early Blue Notes Jazz Band is on the bottom picture.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
- Authors: Combres, Joël
- Date: 1990
- Subjects: McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , De Klerk, Frederik , Jazz , Jazz musicians , Blue Notes (Musical group : South Africa)
- Language: French
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:13517 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006094 , McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , De Klerk, Frederik , Jazz , Jazz musicians , Blue Notes (Musical group : South Africa)
- Description: Photocopied article from the French newspaper Sud-Ouest about Chris McGregor's political opinions and hopes for South Africa. There are 2 pictures with the article. On top, Chris McGregor in his garden in France. The early Blue Notes Jazz Band is on the bottom picture.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1990
Waging war : discourses of HIV/AIDS in South African media
- Connelly, Mark, Macleod, Catriona I
- Authors: Connelly, Mark , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6255 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007873
- Description: This paper explores a discourse of war against HIV/AIDS evident in the Daily Dispatch, a South African daily newspaper, from 1985 to 2000, and discusses the implications of this in terms of the way in which HIV/AIDS is constructed. The discursive framework of the war depends, fundamentally, on the personification of HIV/AIDS, in which agency is accorded to the virus, and which allows for its construction as the enemy. The war discourse positions different groups of subjects (the diseased body, the commanders, the experts, the ordinary citizens) in relations of power. The diseased body, which is the point of transmission, the polluter or infector, is cast as the 'Other', as a dark and threatening force. This takes on racialised overtones. The government takes on the role of commander, directing the war through policy and intervention strategies. Opposition to government is couched in a struggle discourse that dove-tails with the overall framework of war. Medical and scientific understandings pre-dominate in the investigative practices and expert commentary on the war, with alternative voices (such as those of people living with HIV/AIDS) being silenced. The ordinary citizen is incited to take on prevention and caring roles with a strong gendered overlay.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Connelly, Mark , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2003
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6255 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007873
- Description: This paper explores a discourse of war against HIV/AIDS evident in the Daily Dispatch, a South African daily newspaper, from 1985 to 2000, and discusses the implications of this in terms of the way in which HIV/AIDS is constructed. The discursive framework of the war depends, fundamentally, on the personification of HIV/AIDS, in which agency is accorded to the virus, and which allows for its construction as the enemy. The war discourse positions different groups of subjects (the diseased body, the commanders, the experts, the ordinary citizens) in relations of power. The diseased body, which is the point of transmission, the polluter or infector, is cast as the 'Other', as a dark and threatening force. This takes on racialised overtones. The government takes on the role of commander, directing the war through policy and intervention strategies. Opposition to government is couched in a struggle discourse that dove-tails with the overall framework of war. Medical and scientific understandings pre-dominate in the investigative practices and expert commentary on the war, with alternative voices (such as those of people living with HIV/AIDS) being silenced. The ordinary citizen is incited to take on prevention and caring roles with a strong gendered overlay.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Five days of Jazz in Grenoble, France
- Constant, Denis, Hallett, Georges
- Authors: Constant, Denis , Hallett, Georges
- Subjects: McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Brotherhood of Breath (Musical group) , Jazz , Jazz musicians
- Language: French
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:13519 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006096 , McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Brotherhood of Breath (Musical group) , Jazz , Jazz musicians
- Description: Photocopied article about Chris McGregor's Brotherhood of Breath. There is a picture of the band on stage with this article.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Constant, Denis , Hallett, Georges
- Subjects: McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Brotherhood of Breath (Musical group) , Jazz , Jazz musicians
- Language: French
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:13519 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006096 , McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Brotherhood of Breath (Musical group) , Jazz , Jazz musicians
- Description: Photocopied article about Chris McGregor's Brotherhood of Breath. There is a picture of the band on stage with this article.
- Full Text:
Jazz Informations
- Authors: Constant, Denis
- Subjects: McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Brotherhood of Breath (Musical group)
- Language: French
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:13518 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006095 , McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Brotherhood of Breath (Musical group)
- Description: Photocopied article from Jazz Magazine Nr 230 about Chris McGregor's Brotherhood of Breath's recording "Live at Willisau". The LP's cover uses the tercentenary tree of Chris McGregor's property by his mill. There is a picture of Chris McGregor with a goat with this article.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Constant, Denis
- Subjects: McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Brotherhood of Breath (Musical group)
- Language: French
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:13518 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006095 , McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Brotherhood of Breath (Musical group)
- Description: Photocopied article from Jazz Magazine Nr 230 about Chris McGregor's Brotherhood of Breath's recording "Live at Willisau". The LP's cover uses the tercentenary tree of Chris McGregor's property by his mill. There is a picture of Chris McGregor with a goat with this article.
- Full Text:
Comparative ultrastructure of plasmodesmata of Chara and selected bryophytes: towards an elucidation of the evolutionary origin of plant plasmodesmata
- Cook, Martha E, Graham, Linda E, Botha, Christiaan E J, Lavin, Colleen A
- Authors: Cook, Martha E , Graham, Linda E , Botha, Christiaan E J , Lavin, Colleen A
- Date: 1997
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6506 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005933 , http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/84/9/1169
- Description: We have used transmission electron microscopy to examine plasmodesmata of the charophycean green alga Chara zeylanica, and of the putatively early divergent bryophytes Monoclea gottschei (liverwort), Notothylas orbicularis (hornwort), and Sphagnum fimbriatum (moss), in an attempt to learn when seed plant plasmodesmata may have originated. The three bryophytes examined have desmotubules. In addition, Monoclea was found to have branched plasmodesmata, and plasmodesmata of Sphagnum displayed densely staining regions around the neck region, as well as ring-like wall specializations. In Chara, longitudinal sections revealed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that sometimes appeared to be associated with plasmodesmata, but this was rare, despite abundant ER at the cell periphery. Across all three fixation methods, cross-sectional views showed an internal central structure, which in some cases appeared to be connected to the plasma membrane via spoke-like structures. Plasmodesmata were present even in the incompletely formed reticulum of forming cell plates, from which we conclude that primary plasmodesmata are formed at cytokinesis in Chara zeylanica. Based on these results it appears that plasmodesmata of Chara may be less specialized than those of seed plants, and that complex plasmodesmata probably evolved in the ancestor of land plants before extant lineages of bryophytes diverged.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997
- Authors: Cook, Martha E , Graham, Linda E , Botha, Christiaan E J , Lavin, Colleen A
- Date: 1997
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6506 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005933 , http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/84/9/1169
- Description: We have used transmission electron microscopy to examine plasmodesmata of the charophycean green alga Chara zeylanica, and of the putatively early divergent bryophytes Monoclea gottschei (liverwort), Notothylas orbicularis (hornwort), and Sphagnum fimbriatum (moss), in an attempt to learn when seed plant plasmodesmata may have originated. The three bryophytes examined have desmotubules. In addition, Monoclea was found to have branched plasmodesmata, and plasmodesmata of Sphagnum displayed densely staining regions around the neck region, as well as ring-like wall specializations. In Chara, longitudinal sections revealed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that sometimes appeared to be associated with plasmodesmata, but this was rare, despite abundant ER at the cell periphery. Across all three fixation methods, cross-sectional views showed an internal central structure, which in some cases appeared to be connected to the plasma membrane via spoke-like structures. Plasmodesmata were present even in the incompletely formed reticulum of forming cell plates, from which we conclude that primary plasmodesmata are formed at cytokinesis in Chara zeylanica. Based on these results it appears that plasmodesmata of Chara may be less specialized than those of seed plants, and that complex plasmodesmata probably evolved in the ancestor of land plants before extant lineages of bryophytes diverged.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997
Dudu Pukwana-In the Township and District Six
- Authors: Cook, Richard
- Subjects: McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Pukwana, Dudu , District Six , Abrahams, Brian , Jazz , Jazz musicians
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:13521 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006098 , McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Pukwana, Dudu , District Six , Abrahams, Brian , Jazz , Jazz musicians
- Description: Photocopied article from the newspaper The Sunday Times about 2 new recordings by Dudu Pukwana and Brian Abrahams' District Six.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Cook, Richard
- Subjects: McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Pukwana, Dudu , District Six , Abrahams, Brian , Jazz , Jazz musicians
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:13521 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006098 , McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Pukwana, Dudu , District Six , Abrahams, Brian , Jazz , Jazz musicians
- Description: Photocopied article from the newspaper The Sunday Times about 2 new recordings by Dudu Pukwana and Brian Abrahams' District Six.
- Full Text:
Very Urgent
- Authors: Cooke, Jack
- Subjects: McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Pukwana, Dudu , Moholo, Louis T.--1940- , Blue Notes (Musical group : South Africa) , Jazz , Jazz musicians
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:13520 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006097 , McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Pukwana, Dudu , Moholo, Louis T.--1940- , Blue Notes (Musical group : South Africa) , Jazz , Jazz musicians
- Description: Photocopied article from the magazine Jazz Monthly about Chris McGregor's Blue Notes recording "Very Urgent" (Polydor).
- Full Text:
- Authors: Cooke, Jack
- Subjects: McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Pukwana, Dudu , Moholo, Louis T.--1940- , Blue Notes (Musical group : South Africa) , Jazz , Jazz musicians
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:13520 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006097 , McGregor, Chris--1936-1990 , Pukwana, Dudu , Moholo, Louis T.--1940- , Blue Notes (Musical group : South Africa) , Jazz , Jazz musicians
- Description: Photocopied article from the magazine Jazz Monthly about Chris McGregor's Blue Notes recording "Very Urgent" (Polydor).
- Full Text:
The invasive ‘mothcatcher’ (Araujia sericifera Brot.; Asclepiadoideae) co-opts native honeybees as its primary pollinator in South Africa
- Coombs, Gareth, Peter, Craig I
- Authors: Coombs, Gareth , Peter, Craig I
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6510 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005937
- Description: Background and aims: Successful invasive plants such as Araujia sericifera usually either are capable of automatic self-pollination or maintain pollinator services by having generalized pollination systems to make use of local pollinators in the invaded range. Alternatively, plants must co-opt new pollinators with similar morphology to native pollinators or reproduce asexually. We aimed to document the pollination biology of A. sericifera in South Africa. Given the success of this species as an invader, we predicted that sexual reproduction occurs either through self-pollination or because A. sericifera has successfully co-opted native insect pollinators. Methodology: We examined the pollination biology of the South American A. sericifera in South Africa. We documented the effective pollinators including a comparison of the efficacy of nocturnal versus diurnal pollinators as well as the breeding system and long-term natural levels of the pollination success of this species. Principal results: We found that native honeybees (Apis mellifera) were the main pollinators of A. sericifera in South Africa. Visiting moths are unimportant pollinators despite being attracted by the pale colour and nocturnal scent of the flowers. Plants from the Grahamstown population were incapable of autonomous self-pollination but pollinator-mediated self-pollination does occur. However, the highest fruit initiation resulted from out-crossed pollination treatments. The high pollen transfer efficiency of this species was comparable to other hymenopteranpollinated exotic and native milkweeds, suggesting that A. sericifera maintains pollinator services at levels experienced by indigenous asclepiad species. Conclusions: Araujia sericifera reproduces successfully in South Africa due to a combined ability of this species to attract and exploit native honeybees as its pollinators and of individual plants to set fruit from pollinator-mediated self-pollination.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Coombs, Gareth , Peter, Craig I
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6510 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005937
- Description: Background and aims: Successful invasive plants such as Araujia sericifera usually either are capable of automatic self-pollination or maintain pollinator services by having generalized pollination systems to make use of local pollinators in the invaded range. Alternatively, plants must co-opt new pollinators with similar morphology to native pollinators or reproduce asexually. We aimed to document the pollination biology of A. sericifera in South Africa. Given the success of this species as an invader, we predicted that sexual reproduction occurs either through self-pollination or because A. sericifera has successfully co-opted native insect pollinators. Methodology: We examined the pollination biology of the South American A. sericifera in South Africa. We documented the effective pollinators including a comparison of the efficacy of nocturnal versus diurnal pollinators as well as the breeding system and long-term natural levels of the pollination success of this species. Principal results: We found that native honeybees (Apis mellifera) were the main pollinators of A. sericifera in South Africa. Visiting moths are unimportant pollinators despite being attracted by the pale colour and nocturnal scent of the flowers. Plants from the Grahamstown population were incapable of autonomous self-pollination but pollinator-mediated self-pollination does occur. However, the highest fruit initiation resulted from out-crossed pollination treatments. The high pollen transfer efficiency of this species was comparable to other hymenopteranpollinated exotic and native milkweeds, suggesting that A. sericifera maintains pollinator services at levels experienced by indigenous asclepiad species. Conclusions: Araujia sericifera reproduces successfully in South Africa due to a combined ability of this species to attract and exploit native honeybees as its pollinators and of individual plants to set fruit from pollinator-mediated self-pollination.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Large pollen loads of a South African asclepiad do not interfere with the foraging behaviour or efficiency of pollinating honey bees
- Coombs, Gareth, Dold, Anthony P, Brassine, Eleanor I, Peter, Craig I
- Authors: Coombs, Gareth , Dold, Anthony P , Brassine, Eleanor I , Peter, Craig I
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6509 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005936
- Description: The pollen of asclepiads (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) and most orchids (Orchidaceae) are packaged as large aggregations known as pollinaria that are removed as entire units by pollinators. In some instances, individual pollinators may accumulate large loads of these pollinaria. We found that the primary pollinator of Cynanchum ellipticum (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae), the honey bee Apis mellifera, accumulate very large agglomerations of pollinaria on their mouthparts when foraging on this species. We tested whether large pollinarium loads negatively affected the foraging behaviour and foraging efficiency of honey bees by slowing foraging speeds or causing honey bees to visit fewer flowers, and found no evidence to suggest that large pollinarium loads altered foraging behaviour. C. ellipticum displayed consistently high levels of pollination success and pollen transfer efficiency (PTE). This may be a consequence of efficiently loading large numbers of pollinaria onto pollinators even when primary points of attachment on pollinators are already occupied and doing so in a manner that does not impact the foraging behaviour of pollinating insects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Coombs, Gareth , Dold, Anthony P , Brassine, Eleanor I , Peter, Craig I
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6509 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005936
- Description: The pollen of asclepiads (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) and most orchids (Orchidaceae) are packaged as large aggregations known as pollinaria that are removed as entire units by pollinators. In some instances, individual pollinators may accumulate large loads of these pollinaria. We found that the primary pollinator of Cynanchum ellipticum (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae), the honey bee Apis mellifera, accumulate very large agglomerations of pollinaria on their mouthparts when foraging on this species. We tested whether large pollinarium loads negatively affected the foraging behaviour and foraging efficiency of honey bees by slowing foraging speeds or causing honey bees to visit fewer flowers, and found no evidence to suggest that large pollinarium loads altered foraging behaviour. C. ellipticum displayed consistently high levels of pollination success and pollen transfer efficiency (PTE). This may be a consequence of efficiently loading large numbers of pollinaria onto pollinators even when primary points of attachment on pollinators are already occupied and doing so in a manner that does not impact the foraging behaviour of pollinating insects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012