Evaluating the impact of the devolution of functions in the Department of Sports, Arts and Culture: the case of Umzimvubu Local Municipality (Eastern Cape: 2006-2010)
- Authors: Ntungwa, Celebration
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Decentralization in government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11630 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/547 , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Decentralization in government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: This study focused on the evaluation of the impact of the devolution of functions from head office to the districts in the Department of Sports , Recreation, Arts and Culture within Umzimvubu municipality since the department implemented the devolution of functions there have been a lot of mixed feelings on the result of the process.The study included intensive analysison the scholarly writings done on devolution delegation delocelization and decentralization.The study is underpinned by the Maslow,s theory of the hierarchy of needsQuantitative and qualitative approaches were employed in the study.The sampling composed on the departmental officials, labour unions councils and recipients of departmental services.Findings of the study pointed out that the devolution of functions was a neccesity in spite of its shortfalls and challenges which could be overcome by the submitted recommendations.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Ntungwa, Celebration
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Decentralization in government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11630 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/547 , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Decentralization in government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: This study focused on the evaluation of the impact of the devolution of functions from head office to the districts in the Department of Sports , Recreation, Arts and Culture within Umzimvubu municipality since the department implemented the devolution of functions there have been a lot of mixed feelings on the result of the process.The study included intensive analysison the scholarly writings done on devolution delegation delocelization and decentralization.The study is underpinned by the Maslow,s theory of the hierarchy of needsQuantitative and qualitative approaches were employed in the study.The sampling composed on the departmental officials, labour unions councils and recipients of departmental services.Findings of the study pointed out that the devolution of functions was a neccesity in spite of its shortfalls and challenges which could be overcome by the submitted recommendations.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2011
Community participation in the implementation of the integrated development plan with reference to Inanda Township in the province of Kwa-Zulu Natal
- Authors: Ntuli, Leanett Fanyana
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Local government--South Africa--Kwa-Zulu Natal--Inanda Townshi--Citizen participation , Citicen's advisory committees--South Africa--Kwa-Zulu Natal , Policy sciences , Rural development projects--South Africa--Kwa-Zulu Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8157 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1664 , Local government--South Africa--Kwa-Zulu Natal--Inanda Townshi--Citizen participation , Citicen's advisory committees--South Africa--Kwa-Zulu Natal , Policy sciences , Rural development projects--South Africa--Kwa-Zulu Natal
- Description: This study focuses on community participation in the implementation of the integrated development plan in Inanda Township in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal. The empirical part of the study was conducted on the Inanada, Ntuzuma, and KwaMashu area of the eThekwini Municipality. Ward committees are forums for community participation in municipalities. They enhance participatory democracy at the local sphere of government. The main function of ward committee members include advising the ward councilors on policy matters that affect their respective wards, identifying the needs and challenges that face the wards, and communicating information to communities residing in those wards. This study acknowledges the fact that, in terms of the policy framework, ward councillors are the chairpersons of their respective ward committees. They are there to assist the community to express its views and participate in the processes of policy-making. Ward committee members need to liaise with the community, bring issues to the ward committee meetings and take the concerns of the community to the relevant unit of the municipality. The role of ward committees is to facilitate service delivery in their communities. It also found that the efficacy of ward committees during the implementation phase of the IDP could be improved. Hence it recommends that the eThekwini Municipality must encourage local community members, ward committees and councillors to play their role during the implementation of the IDP.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Ntuli, Leanett Fanyana
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Local government--South Africa--Kwa-Zulu Natal--Inanda Townshi--Citizen participation , Citicen's advisory committees--South Africa--Kwa-Zulu Natal , Policy sciences , Rural development projects--South Africa--Kwa-Zulu Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8157 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1664 , Local government--South Africa--Kwa-Zulu Natal--Inanda Townshi--Citizen participation , Citicen's advisory committees--South Africa--Kwa-Zulu Natal , Policy sciences , Rural development projects--South Africa--Kwa-Zulu Natal
- Description: This study focuses on community participation in the implementation of the integrated development plan in Inanda Township in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal. The empirical part of the study was conducted on the Inanada, Ntuzuma, and KwaMashu area of the eThekwini Municipality. Ward committees are forums for community participation in municipalities. They enhance participatory democracy at the local sphere of government. The main function of ward committee members include advising the ward councilors on policy matters that affect their respective wards, identifying the needs and challenges that face the wards, and communicating information to communities residing in those wards. This study acknowledges the fact that, in terms of the policy framework, ward councillors are the chairpersons of their respective ward committees. They are there to assist the community to express its views and participate in the processes of policy-making. Ward committee members need to liaise with the community, bring issues to the ward committee meetings and take the concerns of the community to the relevant unit of the municipality. The role of ward committees is to facilitate service delivery in their communities. It also found that the efficacy of ward committees during the implementation phase of the IDP could be improved. Hence it recommends that the eThekwini Municipality must encourage local community members, ward committees and councillors to play their role during the implementation of the IDP.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
The use of e-mail among students and lecturers at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University: a guide reasearch report
- Ntsiko, Blondie Bonisa Blossom
- Authors: Ntsiko, Blondie Bonisa Blossom
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Telecommunication in education , Educational technology , Electronic mail systems in education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9119 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015970
- Description: This research seeks to determine the impact of the use of e-mail between lecturers and students at the NMMU. New students at universities, and especially first year undergraduates, can sometimes have difficulties in addressing their concerns, questions and ideas about their courses and are faced with the difficulty of adapting to a new lifestyle and the university environment. Interactivity and feedback are key contributors to providing an effective learning environment for such students. Lecturers provide the main source for university students to discover what is expected of them to identify the key learning goals related to a course, from a lecturer (Braxton, Milem & Sullivan, 2000:569). The increase in student numbers in Higher Education over the last decade has been dramatic, placing greater pressures on academic staff in terms of contacting students. As computer technology becomes both more prevalent and more intrusive, its use and misuse are increasingly falling under the critical scrutiny of academic researchers. If traditional educational methods are supported, such support must be flexible enough to accommodate technology, but as a means, not an end. The research of e-mail impact between students and lecturers is still very new and is open for additional study (Braxton, et al. 2000:590).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Ntsiko, Blondie Bonisa Blossom
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Telecommunication in education , Educational technology , Electronic mail systems in education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9119 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015970
- Description: This research seeks to determine the impact of the use of e-mail between lecturers and students at the NMMU. New students at universities, and especially first year undergraduates, can sometimes have difficulties in addressing their concerns, questions and ideas about their courses and are faced with the difficulty of adapting to a new lifestyle and the university environment. Interactivity and feedback are key contributors to providing an effective learning environment for such students. Lecturers provide the main source for university students to discover what is expected of them to identify the key learning goals related to a course, from a lecturer (Braxton, Milem & Sullivan, 2000:569). The increase in student numbers in Higher Education over the last decade has been dramatic, placing greater pressures on academic staff in terms of contacting students. As computer technology becomes both more prevalent and more intrusive, its use and misuse are increasingly falling under the critical scrutiny of academic researchers. If traditional educational methods are supported, such support must be flexible enough to accommodate technology, but as a means, not an end. The research of e-mail impact between students and lecturers is still very new and is open for additional study (Braxton, et al. 2000:590).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Poor attendance for outpatient physiotherapy by patients discharged from Mthatha General Hospital with a stroke in 2007
- Authors: Ntamo, Precious Nomatende
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Physiotherapy -- Medical care Stroke Mthatha -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: vital:18424 , http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1006933
- Description: Background: Stroke is a major cause of disability in the world and its long term effects require good adherence to treatment protocols of physiotherapy. This will ensure optimal rehabilitation and reduce the burden of care in the society and the health service. Superficial analysis of existing data from the Physiotherapy Department of Mthatha General Hospital (MGH) revealed that there was poor attendance of outpatient physiotherapy by patients discharged from MGH with stroke and this had negative effects on outcomes and health care costs. Aim: To identify factors that influence poor attendance for outpatient physiotherapy by patients discharged from MGH with a stroke. Methods: Following approval from the Research Ethics Committee to conduct the study, an observational descriptive study design was used. The study population was 139 patients with stroke who attended for physiotherapy in MGH from January 2007 to December 2007. From a sample size of 103 randomly selected patients, 85 patients participated in the study with a response rate of 82%. Data collection was done using structured interviews and SPSS was used for data analysis. Results: The majority (86%) of patients did not attend physiotherapy until discharge from physiotherapy department. The major factors that influenced poor attendance were movement of patients to other areas (36%) and long distance from MGH (29%). Conclusion: The majority of stroke patients who attended for rehabilitation in MGH Physiotherapy Department lived in rural areas which were distant from Mthatha and could not attend physiotherapy at MGH as required by the physiotherapists. Recommendation: Development of a Provincial Rehabilitation Policy to address the unavailability of physiotherapy services at clinics and health care centers and ensure creation and filling of vacant physiotherapy positions at these levels of care.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Ntamo, Precious Nomatende
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Physiotherapy -- Medical care Stroke Mthatha -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: vital:18424 , http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1006933
- Description: Background: Stroke is a major cause of disability in the world and its long term effects require good adherence to treatment protocols of physiotherapy. This will ensure optimal rehabilitation and reduce the burden of care in the society and the health service. Superficial analysis of existing data from the Physiotherapy Department of Mthatha General Hospital (MGH) revealed that there was poor attendance of outpatient physiotherapy by patients discharged from MGH with stroke and this had negative effects on outcomes and health care costs. Aim: To identify factors that influence poor attendance for outpatient physiotherapy by patients discharged from MGH with a stroke. Methods: Following approval from the Research Ethics Committee to conduct the study, an observational descriptive study design was used. The study population was 139 patients with stroke who attended for physiotherapy in MGH from January 2007 to December 2007. From a sample size of 103 randomly selected patients, 85 patients participated in the study with a response rate of 82%. Data collection was done using structured interviews and SPSS was used for data analysis. Results: The majority (86%) of patients did not attend physiotherapy until discharge from physiotherapy department. The major factors that influenced poor attendance were movement of patients to other areas (36%) and long distance from MGH (29%). Conclusion: The majority of stroke patients who attended for rehabilitation in MGH Physiotherapy Department lived in rural areas which were distant from Mthatha and could not attend physiotherapy at MGH as required by the physiotherapists. Recommendation: Development of a Provincial Rehabilitation Policy to address the unavailability of physiotherapy services at clinics and health care centers and ensure creation and filling of vacant physiotherapy positions at these levels of care.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Uphononongo nzulu lokusetyenziswa kolwimi olucengayo ngabalinganiswa kwincwadi ka Z.S. Qangule ethi, "Amaza" neka A.M. Mmango ethi, "Udike noCikizwa"
- Authors: Notshe, Lwandlekazi
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Xhosa drama , Figures of speech , Persuasion (Psychology) in literature
- Language: Xhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8476 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012684 , Xhosa drama , Figures of speech , Persuasion (Psychology) in literature
- Description: Olu phando luza kuphendla ubugcisa bokusetyenziswa kwezicengo ekutshintsheni izimvo, iinkolo nokuziphatha kwabantu. Kuza kugxilwa kakhulu kwiinjongo noxinzelelo lwazo kuba zingunozala wezicengo. Kuza kugocwagocwa ‘Amaza’ kaQangule kwakunye no ‘UDike noCikizwa’ kaMmango. Apha kwezi ncwadi kuza kuhlutywa ukuba ulwimi olucengayo luyasetyenziswa ngabantu abantetho isisiXhosa, nokuba imingangatho eyinqobo (values), inkcubeko, nengqeqesho (socialization) zidlala indima enkulu kulwimi olucengayo. Isahluko sokuqala salo msebenzi siza kunika amagqabantshintshi ngolu phando. Esi sahluko siqulathe: Intshayelelo; Iingxaki zophando; Iinjongo zophando; Ukubaluleka kolu phando; Okusele kubhaliwe ngezicengo; Ingcaciso magama. Isahluko sesibini siqulathe iingcingane zolwimi olucengayo, abasunguli bazo, nemisebenzi yabo. Isahluko sesithathu siqwalasele ukusetyenziswa kwezicengo kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo. Isahluko sesine sijonge ubugcisa bokusetyenziswa kolwimi olucengayo kwizihlobo nakwiintsapho. Kwalapha, kujongwe nokusetyenziswa kolwimi oluchubekileyo ngamadoda nabafazi, igunya, umyalezo ocalanye kwakunye nokunikezela. Isahluko sesihlanu nesisesokugqibela – sishwankathela iziphumo zophando kukwanikwa neengcebiso.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Notshe, Lwandlekazi
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Xhosa drama , Figures of speech , Persuasion (Psychology) in literature
- Language: Xhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8476 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012684 , Xhosa drama , Figures of speech , Persuasion (Psychology) in literature
- Description: Olu phando luza kuphendla ubugcisa bokusetyenziswa kwezicengo ekutshintsheni izimvo, iinkolo nokuziphatha kwabantu. Kuza kugxilwa kakhulu kwiinjongo noxinzelelo lwazo kuba zingunozala wezicengo. Kuza kugocwagocwa ‘Amaza’ kaQangule kwakunye no ‘UDike noCikizwa’ kaMmango. Apha kwezi ncwadi kuza kuhlutywa ukuba ulwimi olucengayo luyasetyenziswa ngabantu abantetho isisiXhosa, nokuba imingangatho eyinqobo (values), inkcubeko, nengqeqesho (socialization) zidlala indima enkulu kulwimi olucengayo. Isahluko sokuqala salo msebenzi siza kunika amagqabantshintshi ngolu phando. Esi sahluko siqulathe: Intshayelelo; Iingxaki zophando; Iinjongo zophando; Ukubaluleka kolu phando; Okusele kubhaliwe ngezicengo; Ingcaciso magama. Isahluko sesibini siqulathe iingcingane zolwimi olucengayo, abasunguli bazo, nemisebenzi yabo. Isahluko sesithathu siqwalasele ukusetyenziswa kwezicengo kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo. Isahluko sesine sijonge ubugcisa bokusetyenziswa kolwimi olucengayo kwizihlobo nakwiintsapho. Kwalapha, kujongwe nokusetyenziswa kolwimi oluchubekileyo ngamadoda nabafazi, igunya, umyalezo ocalanye kwakunye nokunikezela. Isahluko sesihlanu nesisesokugqibela – sishwankathela iziphumo zophando kukwanikwa neengcebiso.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Impact assessment of Transversal Training Management Agency (TTMA) training in performance improvement of the Eastern Cape provincial department of basic education (2005-2010)
- Nontshokweni, Princess Nombeko
- Authors: Nontshokweni, Princess Nombeko
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Employees -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Performance -- Management , Career development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Employees -- Rating of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11642 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001251 , Employees -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Performance -- Management , Career development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Employees -- Rating of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Training is widely conducted in organizations and is actively encouraged by the recent legislation in South Africa. Millions of Rands are spent building human resource capabilities. Organizations therefore need to know whether this investment in training is bearing fruit in terms of changes in individual performance and overall impact on service delivery. The need to improve Transversal Training Management Agency (TTMA) training programmes and skills development impact to government departments has triggered the survey. Three interdependent themes are explored: training evaluation in `government departments, influence of non-training factors and human dynamics between stakeholders in the training evaluation process. Structured questionnaires, based on best practises in literature were administered to key stakeholders involved in TTMA training programmes. Training managers and the Office of the Premier (OTP) Human Resource Development (HRD) officials were interviewed, while supervisors, trainees and trainers verified the data by post. Data were collected from the Department of Basic Education, Eastern Cape (EC), TTMA trainers and trainees. Findings show that The Department of Basic Education in the EC does not fully follow a system’s approach. Evaluations done during classroom sessions focus mainly on the reaction of participants to training and not on the behaviour change in the workplace. Training participants are not prepared for training; sometimes they do not even know why they attend training. Some trainees go to training just to get certificates that increase their CV’s for promotion purposes or to run away from the stressful work environment and not for individual growth. Recommendations to use a systemic evaluation approach and involvement of trainees in their career development process are made. Further research is recommended on the managing of non-training factors that impede learning transfer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Nontshokweni, Princess Nombeko
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Employees -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Performance -- Management , Career development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Employees -- Rating of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11642 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001251 , Employees -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Performance -- Management , Career development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Employees -- Rating of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: Training is widely conducted in organizations and is actively encouraged by the recent legislation in South Africa. Millions of Rands are spent building human resource capabilities. Organizations therefore need to know whether this investment in training is bearing fruit in terms of changes in individual performance and overall impact on service delivery. The need to improve Transversal Training Management Agency (TTMA) training programmes and skills development impact to government departments has triggered the survey. Three interdependent themes are explored: training evaluation in `government departments, influence of non-training factors and human dynamics between stakeholders in the training evaluation process. Structured questionnaires, based on best practises in literature were administered to key stakeholders involved in TTMA training programmes. Training managers and the Office of the Premier (OTP) Human Resource Development (HRD) officials were interviewed, while supervisors, trainees and trainers verified the data by post. Data were collected from the Department of Basic Education, Eastern Cape (EC), TTMA trainers and trainees. Findings show that The Department of Basic Education in the EC does not fully follow a system’s approach. Evaluations done during classroom sessions focus mainly on the reaction of participants to training and not on the behaviour change in the workplace. Training participants are not prepared for training; sometimes they do not even know why they attend training. Some trainees go to training just to get certificates that increase their CV’s for promotion purposes or to run away from the stressful work environment and not for individual growth. Recommendations to use a systemic evaluation approach and involvement of trainees in their career development process are made. Further research is recommended on the managing of non-training factors that impede learning transfer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Proposed South African management framework for the implementation of the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments
- Authors: Nolting, Janine
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Ships -- Fouling Discharge of ballast water -- Environmental aspects International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments Nonindigenous aquatic pests -- Law and legislation Marine fouling organisms -- Law and legislation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:786 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003907
- Description: South Africa, strategically situated at the southern tip of Africa, is edged on three sides by almost 3000 km of coastline surrounded by the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean (South African Tourism, 2011). This vast ocean expanse is responsible for conveying approximately 96% of South Africa’s exports (Brand South Africa, 2011). Despite the positive economic effects of the shipping industry, translocation of harmful organisms and pathogens via ballast water and sediments inside ballast water tanks has far reaching global environmental (and economic) impacts (Oliviera, 2008:1; David and Gollasch, 2008:1966). Ballast water is the water that is taken on in order to manage the draft of the ship, to help with propulsion, manoeuvrability, trim control, list and stability (Oliviera, 2008:2). The discharge of ballast water into the world’s oceans has resulted in the transfer of ecologically harmful sea-life into non-native environments (IMO, 2011), resulting in major environmental threats to our oceans (Bax, Williamson, Aguero, Gonzalez and Geeves, 2003:313). Various international documents have been developed to deal with the ballast water issue, culminating in the introduction of the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (“the Convention”) in 2004. The Convention aims at achieving a reduction in the transfer and subsequent impacts of aquatic organisms via the ballast water and sediment of ships. On a local level, South Africa does not have direct legislation or regulations dealing with ballast water (Duncan, 2007:34) and relies on the combination of a number of pieces of legislation relating to environmental management, coastal management, biodiversity, alien invasive species control, port control and ship safety (National Environmental Management Act, 1998, National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004, National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act, 2009, National Ports Act, 2005 and Merchant Shipping Act, 1951). Although the Convention was ratified by South Africa in 2008 (Department of International Relations and Cooperation, 2011) it is still not in force and there still exists no other consolidated legal mechanism through which ballast water is managed. This research has investigated the various roles, responsibilities and mandates of South African competent authorities under the aforementioned legislation in managing ballast water, and has determined that there is definite legislative and institutional fragmentation as well as overlaps. A comparative analysis of management frameworks developed both locally and internationally was conducted in order to develop a management framework for ballast water management in South Africa. Various legislative, institutional and functional aspects were identified and adapted for inclusion in a South African management framework. A co-ordinated approach to ballast water management has been developed in the management framework which is anticipated to result in more definitive roles and responsibilities of the various South African departments involved in the management of ballast water and implementation of the Convention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Nolting, Janine
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Ships -- Fouling Discharge of ballast water -- Environmental aspects International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments Nonindigenous aquatic pests -- Law and legislation Marine fouling organisms -- Law and legislation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:786 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003907
- Description: South Africa, strategically situated at the southern tip of Africa, is edged on three sides by almost 3000 km of coastline surrounded by the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean (South African Tourism, 2011). This vast ocean expanse is responsible for conveying approximately 96% of South Africa’s exports (Brand South Africa, 2011). Despite the positive economic effects of the shipping industry, translocation of harmful organisms and pathogens via ballast water and sediments inside ballast water tanks has far reaching global environmental (and economic) impacts (Oliviera, 2008:1; David and Gollasch, 2008:1966). Ballast water is the water that is taken on in order to manage the draft of the ship, to help with propulsion, manoeuvrability, trim control, list and stability (Oliviera, 2008:2). The discharge of ballast water into the world’s oceans has resulted in the transfer of ecologically harmful sea-life into non-native environments (IMO, 2011), resulting in major environmental threats to our oceans (Bax, Williamson, Aguero, Gonzalez and Geeves, 2003:313). Various international documents have been developed to deal with the ballast water issue, culminating in the introduction of the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (“the Convention”) in 2004. The Convention aims at achieving a reduction in the transfer and subsequent impacts of aquatic organisms via the ballast water and sediment of ships. On a local level, South Africa does not have direct legislation or regulations dealing with ballast water (Duncan, 2007:34) and relies on the combination of a number of pieces of legislation relating to environmental management, coastal management, biodiversity, alien invasive species control, port control and ship safety (National Environmental Management Act, 1998, National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004, National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act, 2009, National Ports Act, 2005 and Merchant Shipping Act, 1951). Although the Convention was ratified by South Africa in 2008 (Department of International Relations and Cooperation, 2011) it is still not in force and there still exists no other consolidated legal mechanism through which ballast water is managed. This research has investigated the various roles, responsibilities and mandates of South African competent authorities under the aforementioned legislation in managing ballast water, and has determined that there is definite legislative and institutional fragmentation as well as overlaps. A comparative analysis of management frameworks developed both locally and internationally was conducted in order to develop a management framework for ballast water management in South Africa. Various legislative, institutional and functional aspects were identified and adapted for inclusion in a South African management framework. A co-ordinated approach to ballast water management has been developed in the management framework which is anticipated to result in more definitive roles and responsibilities of the various South African departments involved in the management of ballast water and implementation of the Convention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An assessment of factors affecting the beneficiaries of land reform process with reference to the selected land redistribution projects in Cacadu District Municipality in the Province of the Eastern Cape.
- Authors: Nogantshi, Xola Job
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Land reform -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8198 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1313 , Land reform -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: One of the measures introduced in order to address the effects of the racial land discriminatory practices and policies which led to the majority of the South African population being denied access to land prior to 1994 is the national land reform programme. This includes replacement of discriminatory policies with those intended to redress the injustices of colonial and apartheid land dispossession. This study has focused on national land reform programme with specific reference to the land redistribution programme. This has been done by assessing the factors affecting the beneficiaries of the land reform process with reference to the selected land redistribution project in the Cacadu District Municipality in the Province of the Eastern Cape. As a result of this study, key challenges experienced by the beneficiaries of the land reform process were identified. These challenges include the difficulties relating to access to services such as training, mentoring, credit and transport by the beneficiaries of the land reform process; lack of skills , lack of access to markets, and the lack of co-ordination between government departments. In view of these challenges, this study provides recommendations for improving the implementation of land redistribution projects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Nogantshi, Xola Job
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Land reform -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:8198 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1313 , Land reform -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: One of the measures introduced in order to address the effects of the racial land discriminatory practices and policies which led to the majority of the South African population being denied access to land prior to 1994 is the national land reform programme. This includes replacement of discriminatory policies with those intended to redress the injustices of colonial and apartheid land dispossession. This study has focused on national land reform programme with specific reference to the land redistribution programme. This has been done by assessing the factors affecting the beneficiaries of the land reform process with reference to the selected land redistribution project in the Cacadu District Municipality in the Province of the Eastern Cape. As a result of this study, key challenges experienced by the beneficiaries of the land reform process were identified. These challenges include the difficulties relating to access to services such as training, mentoring, credit and transport by the beneficiaries of the land reform process; lack of skills , lack of access to markets, and the lack of co-ordination between government departments. In view of these challenges, this study provides recommendations for improving the implementation of land redistribution projects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An exploratory study of the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict in Mthonjana Village, Mqanduli in the Eastern Cape, 2002-2007
- Authors: Nodada, Lubabalo Yandisa
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Chiefdoms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Xhosa (African people) -- South Africa -- Kings and rulers , Conflict of interests -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: vital:8258 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012345 , Chiefdoms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Xhosa (African people) -- South Africa -- Kings and rulers , Conflict of interests -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The battle for traditional leadership successions continue to have negative effects on many Tribal Authority Councils across Africa, for example, the Valoyi Tribe, part of Tsonga/Shangaan nation in South Africa, and the Godban chieftaincy conflict in the northern town of Yendi in Ghana. Community conflicts related to chieftaincy positions across South Africa are apparent. This study was an attempt to explore and describe the dynamics of the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict in Mthonjana village, Mqanduli. The analysis focused on exploring the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict in terms of conflict and conflict process theory. This explorative study sought to explore and describe the perceptions of eight ad hoc committee members (government officials) who had been involved with attempting to resolve the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict. The researcher conducted extensive face-to-face interviews with these committee members and thoroughly studied the necessary documents that informed the study. Thematic data analysis revealed latent conflict, conflict emergence, conflict escalation, conflict stalemate, and conflict de-escalation, as key conflict phases in the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict. A number of recommendations are made about how those in authority could better manage communal conflict. The recommendations may, for instance, be used in the formulation of policies to influence better conflict management by government and help the Eastern Cape House of Traditional Leaders to manage communal conflicts better and to facilitate public education programmes about issues relating to birthright leadership positions and lineage procedures.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Nodada, Lubabalo Yandisa
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Chiefdoms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Xhosa (African people) -- South Africa -- Kings and rulers , Conflict of interests -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: vital:8258 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012345 , Chiefdoms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Xhosa (African people) -- South Africa -- Kings and rulers , Conflict of interests -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The battle for traditional leadership successions continue to have negative effects on many Tribal Authority Councils across Africa, for example, the Valoyi Tribe, part of Tsonga/Shangaan nation in South Africa, and the Godban chieftaincy conflict in the northern town of Yendi in Ghana. Community conflicts related to chieftaincy positions across South Africa are apparent. This study was an attempt to explore and describe the dynamics of the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict in Mthonjana village, Mqanduli. The analysis focused on exploring the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict in terms of conflict and conflict process theory. This explorative study sought to explore and describe the perceptions of eight ad hoc committee members (government officials) who had been involved with attempting to resolve the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict. The researcher conducted extensive face-to-face interviews with these committee members and thoroughly studied the necessary documents that informed the study. Thematic data analysis revealed latent conflict, conflict emergence, conflict escalation, conflict stalemate, and conflict de-escalation, as key conflict phases in the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict. A number of recommendations are made about how those in authority could better manage communal conflict. The recommendations may, for instance, be used in the formulation of policies to influence better conflict management by government and help the Eastern Cape House of Traditional Leaders to manage communal conflicts better and to facilitate public education programmes about issues relating to birthright leadership positions and lineage procedures.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Pivotal role of the UNISA council in corporate governance
- Authors: Nobatyi, Andile
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Corporate governance -- Education (Higher) -- South Africa , Education, Higher -- South Africa , Universities and colleges -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8770 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012351 , Corporate governance -- Education (Higher) -- South Africa , Education, Higher -- South Africa , Universities and colleges -- South Africa
- Description: There have been calls the world over for academic institutions to adopt corporate forms of management. Unisa Council declared its commitment to corporate governance in the Annual report 2009. This study aims to determine whether Unisa Council activities and decisions comply with corporate governance as per the King III Code and identify any area(s) of improvement. Case study research was undertaken to investigate compliance with the principles of good governance as recommended in the Code. A checklist was used to collect data from university documents and this data was analysed by pattern matching. Unisa performance was then compared with that of University of KwaZulu-Natal. Unisa Council performed 91percent of recommended practices and thereby complied with 87 percent of principles of good governance as per the King III Code on Corporate Governance. Unisa did not comply with three principles and neither complied nor not-complied with five principles as the level of performance of corresponding recommended practices was below the threshold of 75 percent. UKZN achieved 91 percent performance of the recommended practices and thereby obtained 87 percent compliance. The study also showed that practicing corporate forms of management to improve academic governance does not necessarily relegate academic interest to lower levels. This means that these institutions delivered on their mandate from the Higher Education Act, 1997 (as amended). Unisa and UKZN are primarily public institutions of higher education and not profit driven, despite them embracing corporate forms of management.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Nobatyi, Andile
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Corporate governance -- Education (Higher) -- South Africa , Education, Higher -- South Africa , Universities and colleges -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8770 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012351 , Corporate governance -- Education (Higher) -- South Africa , Education, Higher -- South Africa , Universities and colleges -- South Africa
- Description: There have been calls the world over for academic institutions to adopt corporate forms of management. Unisa Council declared its commitment to corporate governance in the Annual report 2009. This study aims to determine whether Unisa Council activities and decisions comply with corporate governance as per the King III Code and identify any area(s) of improvement. Case study research was undertaken to investigate compliance with the principles of good governance as recommended in the Code. A checklist was used to collect data from university documents and this data was analysed by pattern matching. Unisa performance was then compared with that of University of KwaZulu-Natal. Unisa Council performed 91percent of recommended practices and thereby complied with 87 percent of principles of good governance as per the King III Code on Corporate Governance. Unisa did not comply with three principles and neither complied nor not-complied with five principles as the level of performance of corresponding recommended practices was below the threshold of 75 percent. UKZN achieved 91 percent performance of the recommended practices and thereby obtained 87 percent compliance. The study also showed that practicing corporate forms of management to improve academic governance does not necessarily relegate academic interest to lower levels. This means that these institutions delivered on their mandate from the Higher Education Act, 1997 (as amended). Unisa and UKZN are primarily public institutions of higher education and not profit driven, despite them embracing corporate forms of management.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An evaluation of South Africa's legislation to combat organised crime
- Authors: Nkosi, Zaba Philip
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Criminal law , Legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:10170 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1566 , Criminal law , Legislation -- South Africa
- Description: Organised crime is a global phenomenon. It is a problem in South Africa as it is a problem in most countries. International and regional organisations, in particular, United Nations, Financial Action Task Force (FATF), and African Union (AU), have developed legislative measures and laid down minimum standards to assist party and non-party states to combat the scourge. Member countries and signatories to those instruments are ever encouraged to bring about national legislative and regulatory frameworks to criminalise predicate crimes, curb money laundering, confiscate instrumentalities and proceeds of such crimes, and to co-operate amongst themselves in their endeavours to fight the scourge. South Africa is a signatory and state party to the Vienna Convention, the Palermo Convention, African Union conventions, Southern African Development Community protocols, and has embraced Financial Action Task Force Forty Recommendations. As a signatory and a state party to these instruments, South Africa has passed, in its parliament, a vast array of legislative tools aimed at complimenting the criminalisation of organised crime related conduct (thus extending range of predicate crimes, and has also put in place preventative measures to be taken by financial, non-financial and professional institutions against money laundering practices, in order to deny organised criminals of illicit proceeds and a further use of property as an instrument of crime. The legislative framework is also aimed to foster international co-operation in the form of mutual assistance, extradition and enforcement of foreign judgements and sentences. There is a public perception, though, that crime pays in South Africa. The general public perception is that crime pays because the laws of the country always lag behind the ingenuity of organised criminals who, it is believed, are always a step or two ahead in better organisation of their nefarious activities and in the use of sophisticated methods of execution to achieve their goals. The objective of this research is to evaluate existing South African laws intended to deal with organised crime with relevant international instruments in order to establish whether the laws are adequate and are being implemented effectively to fight the scourge. The hypothesis of this research project is that South Africa has adequate laws (compliance); however, the problem lies in their implementation (enforcement). To obtain the necessary information to achieve the said objectives, the views made by various writers on organised crime were considered. The legislation currently in place to combat organised crime was identified and measured against aforementioned instruments in order to establish whether they do achieve the minimum standards set for the fight against organised crime. The comparison was done following the perspectives contained in these instruments in chapter form. In this regard, over-achievements as well as under-achievements were highlighted. For an example, article 6 of the Palermo convention instructs state parties to include as predicate offences all serious crime, punishable by maximum deprivation of liberty of at least 4 years or more, for money laundering. The Prevention of Organised Crime Act (POCA), on the other hand, contains no list of specific predicate offences, but makes an open-ended reference to the „proceeds of unlawful activities‟. It is, therefore, all-encompassing. Another example can be found in the South African definition of corruption. The South African statutory definition penalises corruption „in the widest sense and in all its forms, whereas that in the Palermo Convention is limited or restricted, as it does not instruct for the criminalisation of corruption involving foreign public officials or international civil servants. The evaluation of existing South African laws shows that South Africa has adequate laws to fight organised crime. There is, however, a room for improvement in their implementation, particularly in the prosecution of organised crimes. The South African government is urged to make available adequate financial resources to enable prosecutors to carry out their functions effectively in the fight against the scourge.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Nkosi, Zaba Philip
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Criminal law , Legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:10170 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1566 , Criminal law , Legislation -- South Africa
- Description: Organised crime is a global phenomenon. It is a problem in South Africa as it is a problem in most countries. International and regional organisations, in particular, United Nations, Financial Action Task Force (FATF), and African Union (AU), have developed legislative measures and laid down minimum standards to assist party and non-party states to combat the scourge. Member countries and signatories to those instruments are ever encouraged to bring about national legislative and regulatory frameworks to criminalise predicate crimes, curb money laundering, confiscate instrumentalities and proceeds of such crimes, and to co-operate amongst themselves in their endeavours to fight the scourge. South Africa is a signatory and state party to the Vienna Convention, the Palermo Convention, African Union conventions, Southern African Development Community protocols, and has embraced Financial Action Task Force Forty Recommendations. As a signatory and a state party to these instruments, South Africa has passed, in its parliament, a vast array of legislative tools aimed at complimenting the criminalisation of organised crime related conduct (thus extending range of predicate crimes, and has also put in place preventative measures to be taken by financial, non-financial and professional institutions against money laundering practices, in order to deny organised criminals of illicit proceeds and a further use of property as an instrument of crime. The legislative framework is also aimed to foster international co-operation in the form of mutual assistance, extradition and enforcement of foreign judgements and sentences. There is a public perception, though, that crime pays in South Africa. The general public perception is that crime pays because the laws of the country always lag behind the ingenuity of organised criminals who, it is believed, are always a step or two ahead in better organisation of their nefarious activities and in the use of sophisticated methods of execution to achieve their goals. The objective of this research is to evaluate existing South African laws intended to deal with organised crime with relevant international instruments in order to establish whether the laws are adequate and are being implemented effectively to fight the scourge. The hypothesis of this research project is that South Africa has adequate laws (compliance); however, the problem lies in their implementation (enforcement). To obtain the necessary information to achieve the said objectives, the views made by various writers on organised crime were considered. The legislation currently in place to combat organised crime was identified and measured against aforementioned instruments in order to establish whether they do achieve the minimum standards set for the fight against organised crime. The comparison was done following the perspectives contained in these instruments in chapter form. In this regard, over-achievements as well as under-achievements were highlighted. For an example, article 6 of the Palermo convention instructs state parties to include as predicate offences all serious crime, punishable by maximum deprivation of liberty of at least 4 years or more, for money laundering. The Prevention of Organised Crime Act (POCA), on the other hand, contains no list of specific predicate offences, but makes an open-ended reference to the „proceeds of unlawful activities‟. It is, therefore, all-encompassing. Another example can be found in the South African definition of corruption. The South African statutory definition penalises corruption „in the widest sense and in all its forms, whereas that in the Palermo Convention is limited or restricted, as it does not instruct for the criminalisation of corruption involving foreign public officials or international civil servants. The evaluation of existing South African laws shows that South Africa has adequate laws to fight organised crime. There is, however, a room for improvement in their implementation, particularly in the prosecution of organised crimes. The South African government is urged to make available adequate financial resources to enable prosecutors to carry out their functions effectively in the fight against the scourge.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Integrated crop-livestock farming system for sustainable economic empowerment of small-scale and emerging farmers in the former homeland of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa: a case study of Ciskei area in Nkonkobe municipality
- Authors: Ngxetwane, Vuyolwethu
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural productivity -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural poor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural assistance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Land degradation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Crops -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Livestock -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farmers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11183 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/459 , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural productivity -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural poor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural assistance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Land degradation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Crops -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Livestock -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farmers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: For decades, there has been significant investment in the development of agricultural technologies that aim to increase productivity of smallholder farmers in Africa. But farm output and productivity have stagnated and poverty rates have remained high and even increasing in some areas. At the same time, increases in human population levels have resulted in rising demand for food as well as for arable land. The growing intensification of farming has been accompanied by degradation of wild lands, including tropical forests and wetlands, at an alarming rate. Further pressure on fragile land has come from associated urbanization, leading to agricultural land being converted to residential and industrial uses with serious consequences for agricultural production and food supply. The recent increases in food prices across the globe as well as South Africa have drawn attention to this problem even more strongly. The main objective of the current study was to investigate farmer’s perception of the relative importance of crop-livestock integration in the small holder farming systems. Data were collected from 70 emerging and smallholder farmers selected by stratified random sampling in the communities surrounding Alice, Middledrift and the Seymour- Balfour area of Nkonkobe municipality of the Eastern Cape Province. To collect the data, a semi-structure questionnaire was administered to the respondents through face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the farmers in terms of their socio-economic and demographic backgrounds. A series of multiple linear regression models and a binary logistic regression equation were fitted to determine the factors influencing farmers’ perception and how these in turn contribute to the decision to adopt or not to adopt crop-livestock integration. The results of the study reveal that small farmers in the Nkonkobe municipality have the possibility of realizing immense benefits from the integrated systems which also have the potential to lead to substantial improvements of the physical, chemical and biological soil properties. There is clear evidence of widespread interest to experiment with the practices based on the strong positive perceptions that a majority of the survey farmers exhibited during the course of the survey. But the farmers are facing challenges in coping with the associated complexities of competition on land, and management skill which are often in limited supply. That in most cases is not enough and efficient even to manage one of these two enterprises alone and reduction in crops yield due to use of manure as a substitute of fertilizer. Constraints to integrating crops and livestock include the competition for resources, especially land. Managing two types of farming on the same farm was perceived as difficult and many respondents held the view that use of waste of one enterprise as input to the other enterprise can reduce productivity. For example some farmers considered that the use of manure to improve soil fertility may not lead to output growth to the same extent as the use of fertilizer. A number of farmers (86%) pointed out that they only market their produce after deducting their consumption share, highlighting the crucial role of food security as a motivation for crop-livestock integration. Complementation of inputs rather than substituting inputs is required to render the system more productive and sustainable as costs are minimized and output is boosted. Associations of grain and livestock producers are useful for filling these gaps which include limited access to credit, technology and knowledge and can promote the adoption of a crop-livestock system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Ngxetwane, Vuyolwethu
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural productivity -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural poor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural assistance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Land degradation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Crops -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Livestock -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farmers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Agricultural Economics)
- Identifier: vital:11183 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/459 , Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural productivity -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural poor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural assistance -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agricultural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Land degradation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Crops -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Livestock -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Farmers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: For decades, there has been significant investment in the development of agricultural technologies that aim to increase productivity of smallholder farmers in Africa. But farm output and productivity have stagnated and poverty rates have remained high and even increasing in some areas. At the same time, increases in human population levels have resulted in rising demand for food as well as for arable land. The growing intensification of farming has been accompanied by degradation of wild lands, including tropical forests and wetlands, at an alarming rate. Further pressure on fragile land has come from associated urbanization, leading to agricultural land being converted to residential and industrial uses with serious consequences for agricultural production and food supply. The recent increases in food prices across the globe as well as South Africa have drawn attention to this problem even more strongly. The main objective of the current study was to investigate farmer’s perception of the relative importance of crop-livestock integration in the small holder farming systems. Data were collected from 70 emerging and smallholder farmers selected by stratified random sampling in the communities surrounding Alice, Middledrift and the Seymour- Balfour area of Nkonkobe municipality of the Eastern Cape Province. To collect the data, a semi-structure questionnaire was administered to the respondents through face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the farmers in terms of their socio-economic and demographic backgrounds. A series of multiple linear regression models and a binary logistic regression equation were fitted to determine the factors influencing farmers’ perception and how these in turn contribute to the decision to adopt or not to adopt crop-livestock integration. The results of the study reveal that small farmers in the Nkonkobe municipality have the possibility of realizing immense benefits from the integrated systems which also have the potential to lead to substantial improvements of the physical, chemical and biological soil properties. There is clear evidence of widespread interest to experiment with the practices based on the strong positive perceptions that a majority of the survey farmers exhibited during the course of the survey. But the farmers are facing challenges in coping with the associated complexities of competition on land, and management skill which are often in limited supply. That in most cases is not enough and efficient even to manage one of these two enterprises alone and reduction in crops yield due to use of manure as a substitute of fertilizer. Constraints to integrating crops and livestock include the competition for resources, especially land. Managing two types of farming on the same farm was perceived as difficult and many respondents held the view that use of waste of one enterprise as input to the other enterprise can reduce productivity. For example some farmers considered that the use of manure to improve soil fertility may not lead to output growth to the same extent as the use of fertilizer. A number of farmers (86%) pointed out that they only market their produce after deducting their consumption share, highlighting the crucial role of food security as a motivation for crop-livestock integration. Complementation of inputs rather than substituting inputs is required to render the system more productive and sustainable as costs are minimized and output is boosted. Associations of grain and livestock producers are useful for filling these gaps which include limited access to credit, technology and knowledge and can promote the adoption of a crop-livestock system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Human trafficking in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Ngwira, Callings Major
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Human rights -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Forced labor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human trafficking -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human trafficking -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Geography)
- Identifier: vital:11505 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/364 , Human rights -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Forced labor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human trafficking -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human trafficking -- Prevention
- Description: Human trafficking has been reported to be on the increase in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa with girls as young as ten years old being trafficked from and within the Province for sexual and labour purposes, and marriage. Human traffickers operate in rural areas, small towns and cities such as Port Elizabeth and East London. However, research on the role of the law enforcement authorities and the civil society organisations in the fight against trafficking in Eastern Cape Province is largely unknown. Situated within the Security Governance Theory, and using the intensive research design, this research reports on the role of the law enforcement authorities and the civil society organisations in the fight against human trafficking in Eastern Cape Province with emphasis on rural-urban differentiation. The challenges which law enforcement authorities and the civil society organisations faced are also discussed. The study, among other things, found that both the law enforcement sector and civil society organisations in the Province ensured that security, criminal justice, physical, emotional, psychological, health and spiritual needs of rescued victims of trafficking were met. The study further established that there was little progress in the fight against human trafficking, more especially in the rural areas of the Province, due to inadequate cooperation among anti-trafficking organisations and the lack of resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Ngwira, Callings Major
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Human rights -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Forced labor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human trafficking -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human trafficking -- Prevention
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Geography)
- Identifier: vital:11505 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/364 , Human rights -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Forced labor -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human trafficking -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Human trafficking -- Prevention
- Description: Human trafficking has been reported to be on the increase in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa with girls as young as ten years old being trafficked from and within the Province for sexual and labour purposes, and marriage. Human traffickers operate in rural areas, small towns and cities such as Port Elizabeth and East London. However, research on the role of the law enforcement authorities and the civil society organisations in the fight against trafficking in Eastern Cape Province is largely unknown. Situated within the Security Governance Theory, and using the intensive research design, this research reports on the role of the law enforcement authorities and the civil society organisations in the fight against human trafficking in Eastern Cape Province with emphasis on rural-urban differentiation. The challenges which law enforcement authorities and the civil society organisations faced are also discussed. The study, among other things, found that both the law enforcement sector and civil society organisations in the Province ensured that security, criminal justice, physical, emotional, psychological, health and spiritual needs of rescued victims of trafficking were met. The study further established that there was little progress in the fight against human trafficking, more especially in the rural areas of the Province, due to inadequate cooperation among anti-trafficking organisations and the lack of resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Statistical comparison of international size-based equity index using a mixture distribution
- Authors: Ngundze, Unathi
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Mixture distributions (Probability theory) , Finance -- Statistics , Investment analysis , Portfolio management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10576 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012367 , Mixture distributions (Probability theory) , Finance -- Statistics , Investment analysis , Portfolio management
- Description: Investors and financial analysts spend an inordinate amount of time, resources and effort in an attempt to perfect the science of maximising the level of financial returns. To this end, the field of distribution modelling and analysis of firm size effect is important as an investment analysis and appraisal tool. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine which distribution best fits stock returns (Mandelbrot, 1963; Fama, 1965 and Akgiray and Booth, 1988). Analysis and review of earlier research has revealed that researchers claim that the returns follow a normal distribution. However, the findings have not been without their own limitations in terms of the empirical results in that many also say that the research done does not account for the fat tails and skewness of the data. Some research studies dealing with the anomaly of firm size effect have led to the conclusion that smaller firms tend to command higher returns relative to their larger counterparts with a similar risk profile (Banz, 1981). Recently, Janse van Rensburg et al. (2009a) conducted a study in which both non- normality of stock returns and firm size effect were addressed simultaneously. They used a scale mixture of two normal distributions to compare the stock returns of large capitalisation and small capitalisation shares portfolios. The study concluded that in periods of high volatility, the small capitalisation portfolio is far more risky than the large capitalisation portfolio. In periods of low volatility they are equally risky. Janse van Rensburg et al. (2009a) identified a number of limitations to the study. These included data problems, survivorship bias, exclusion of dividends, and the use of standard statistical tests in the presence of non-normality. They concluded that it was difficult to generalise findings because of the use of only two (limited) portfolios. In the extension of the research, Janse van Rensburg (2009b) concluded that a scale mixture of two normal distributions provided a more superior fit than any other mixture. The scope of this research is an extension of the work by Janse van Rensburg et al. (2009a) and Janse van Rensburg (2009b), with a view to addressing several of the limitations and findings of the earlier studies. The Janse van rensburg (2009b) study was based on data from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE); this study seeks to compare their research by looking at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) to determine if similar results occur in developed markets. For analysis purposes, this study used the statistical software package R (R Development Core Team 2008) and its package mixtools (Young, Benaglia, Chauveau, Elmore, Hettmansperg, Hunter, Thomas, Xuan 2008). Some computation was also done using Microsoft Excel. This dissertation is arranged as follows: Chapter 2 is a literature review of some of the baseline studies and research that supports the conclusion that earlier research finding had serious limitations. Chapter 3 describes the data used in the study and gives a breakdown of portfolio formation and the methodology used in the study. Chapter 4 provides the statistical background of the methods used in this study. Chapter 5 presents the statistical analysis and distribution fitting of the data. Finally, Chapter 6 gives conclusions drawn from the results obtained in the analysis of data as well as recommendations for future work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Ngundze, Unathi
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Mixture distributions (Probability theory) , Finance -- Statistics , Investment analysis , Portfolio management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10576 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012367 , Mixture distributions (Probability theory) , Finance -- Statistics , Investment analysis , Portfolio management
- Description: Investors and financial analysts spend an inordinate amount of time, resources and effort in an attempt to perfect the science of maximising the level of financial returns. To this end, the field of distribution modelling and analysis of firm size effect is important as an investment analysis and appraisal tool. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine which distribution best fits stock returns (Mandelbrot, 1963; Fama, 1965 and Akgiray and Booth, 1988). Analysis and review of earlier research has revealed that researchers claim that the returns follow a normal distribution. However, the findings have not been without their own limitations in terms of the empirical results in that many also say that the research done does not account for the fat tails and skewness of the data. Some research studies dealing with the anomaly of firm size effect have led to the conclusion that smaller firms tend to command higher returns relative to their larger counterparts with a similar risk profile (Banz, 1981). Recently, Janse van Rensburg et al. (2009a) conducted a study in which both non- normality of stock returns and firm size effect were addressed simultaneously. They used a scale mixture of two normal distributions to compare the stock returns of large capitalisation and small capitalisation shares portfolios. The study concluded that in periods of high volatility, the small capitalisation portfolio is far more risky than the large capitalisation portfolio. In periods of low volatility they are equally risky. Janse van Rensburg et al. (2009a) identified a number of limitations to the study. These included data problems, survivorship bias, exclusion of dividends, and the use of standard statistical tests in the presence of non-normality. They concluded that it was difficult to generalise findings because of the use of only two (limited) portfolios. In the extension of the research, Janse van Rensburg (2009b) concluded that a scale mixture of two normal distributions provided a more superior fit than any other mixture. The scope of this research is an extension of the work by Janse van Rensburg et al. (2009a) and Janse van Rensburg (2009b), with a view to addressing several of the limitations and findings of the earlier studies. The Janse van rensburg (2009b) study was based on data from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE); this study seeks to compare their research by looking at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) to determine if similar results occur in developed markets. For analysis purposes, this study used the statistical software package R (R Development Core Team 2008) and its package mixtools (Young, Benaglia, Chauveau, Elmore, Hettmansperg, Hunter, Thomas, Xuan 2008). Some computation was also done using Microsoft Excel. This dissertation is arranged as follows: Chapter 2 is a literature review of some of the baseline studies and research that supports the conclusion that earlier research finding had serious limitations. Chapter 3 describes the data used in the study and gives a breakdown of portfolio formation and the methodology used in the study. Chapter 4 provides the statistical background of the methods used in this study. Chapter 5 presents the statistical analysis and distribution fitting of the data. Finally, Chapter 6 gives conclusions drawn from the results obtained in the analysis of data as well as recommendations for future work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
The reading of extended text in Oshindonga in grade 2 in selected Namibian schools
- Ngula, Elizabeth Njanjukweni-Aluhe
- Authors: Ngula, Elizabeth Njanjukweni-Aluhe
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Ndonga language -- Study and teaching -- Namibia Reading comprehension -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- Namibia Reading (Primary) -- Namibia Teaching -- Namibia Teachers -- Attitudes -- Namibia Literacy -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1720 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003603
- Description: This study was conducted in order to understand to what extent Grade 2 teachers use books (or other forms of extended text) in their reading lessons in Oshindonga where very little published material is available, and, if so, whether they engage in shared reading with these materials or not. The study also explored ways to introduce more books (or other forms of extended text) into Oshindonga classrooms. The study took the form of an interpretive case study. It was conducted in two primary schools in Otjiwarongo district in the Otjozondjupa region of Namibia. Two qualified Grade 2 teachers were selected. The purpose of this sampling was to gain an in depth understanding of how these two selected teachers taught reading in Oshindonga. The data was gathered by using semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions, as well as lesson observations and stimulated recall with each individual teacher after each lesson. The purpose of this was to gain clarity in areas that were not clear during lesson presentations. A focus group interview was also conducted in order to generate ideas about how to introduce more extended texts into the classroom. The key fmdings are that both schools in the study lacked books in Oshindonga, and the teachers lacked an understanding of the importance of using books (or other forms of extended text). Other key findings are that teachers had a problem in choosing appropriate texts to read with their learners; teachers understand reading more as decoding than reading for meaning and pleasure; children were not asked any comprehension questions and the two teachers had different views on the value of shared reading. The research data revealed that there are problems in teaching literacy in Namibian African languages.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Ngula, Elizabeth Njanjukweni-Aluhe
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Ndonga language -- Study and teaching -- Namibia Reading comprehension -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- Namibia Reading (Primary) -- Namibia Teaching -- Namibia Teachers -- Attitudes -- Namibia Literacy -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1720 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003603
- Description: This study was conducted in order to understand to what extent Grade 2 teachers use books (or other forms of extended text) in their reading lessons in Oshindonga where very little published material is available, and, if so, whether they engage in shared reading with these materials or not. The study also explored ways to introduce more books (or other forms of extended text) into Oshindonga classrooms. The study took the form of an interpretive case study. It was conducted in two primary schools in Otjiwarongo district in the Otjozondjupa region of Namibia. Two qualified Grade 2 teachers were selected. The purpose of this sampling was to gain an in depth understanding of how these two selected teachers taught reading in Oshindonga. The data was gathered by using semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions, as well as lesson observations and stimulated recall with each individual teacher after each lesson. The purpose of this was to gain clarity in areas that were not clear during lesson presentations. A focus group interview was also conducted in order to generate ideas about how to introduce more extended texts into the classroom. The key fmdings are that both schools in the study lacked books in Oshindonga, and the teachers lacked an understanding of the importance of using books (or other forms of extended text). Other key findings are that teachers had a problem in choosing appropriate texts to read with their learners; teachers understand reading more as decoding than reading for meaning and pleasure; children were not asked any comprehension questions and the two teachers had different views on the value of shared reading. The research data revealed that there are problems in teaching literacy in Namibian African languages.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Response and adherence of HIV positive women to cervical cancer treatment
- Authors: Ngugi, Pearl
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: HIV infections -- Chemotherapy -- South Africa , Patient compliance -- South Africa , Cervix uteri -- Cancer -- Treatment , HIV-positive women -- South Africa , Antiretroviral agents -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPharm
- Identifier: vital:10162 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1014129
- Description: It is estimated that 6742 South African women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 3681 women die from the disease every year. In 1993, The Centers for Disease Control declared cervical cancer an Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome defining illness. Apart from persistent human papillomavirus infection, HIV infection is the most common co-factor contributing to cervical cancer in South Africa. Studies have noted that in HIV positive women, there has been an occurrence of faster progression to more advanced stages of cervical cancer with high cases of treatment failure and recurrence. There is limited literature available regarding the prognosis of HIV positive women who suffer from cervical cancer. Women who are HIV positive and have cervical cancer have not been evaluated in detail regarding their response and adherence to cervical cancer treatment. Standard treatment protocols for this set of patients have not been defined. The aim of this study was to assess how HIV positive women who have been diagnosed with cervical cancer responded and adhered to cervical cancer therapy which includes: curative radiotherapy; curative chemotherapy; concurrent chemoradiation or palliative radiotherapy. The study also evaluated the effects of the concurrent use of antiretrovirals and cervical cancer treatment. This was done to determine whether invasive cervical cancer in women who were HIV positive could be managed using the same treatment protocols as patients who were HIV negative. A historical cohort design was employed for the study. The study was conducted at the Oncology Department of a tertiary level hospital located in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The total sample consisted of 196 medical records of women diagnosed with cervical cancer between 2005 and 2008. One hundred women were HIV negative, 83 were HIV positive and the HIV status of 13 women could not be determined. The records were audited over a period of two years from the date of diagnosis. The term „complete response‟ referred to patients who had no recurrence of cervical cancer and no evidence of metastases after undergoing treatment. At one month following treatment there was a significant difference in the incidence of complete response between the HIV positive patients and the HIV negative patients (Chi2 = 16.4, d.f. = 1, p = 0.00005, Cramer‟s V = 0.31). The significant difference in response to treatment between the HIV positive patients and the HIV negative patients was maintained at six months after treatment (Chi2 = 15, d.f. = 1, p = 0.00011, Cramer‟s V = 0.34), 12 months after treatment (Chi2 = 20.5, d.f. = 1, p = 0.00001, Cramer‟s V = 0.37), 18 months after treatment (Chi2 = 9.8, d.f. = 1, p = 0.00173, Cramer‟s V = 0.28) and 24 months after treatment (Chi2 = 5.0, d.f. = 1, p = 0.02571, Cramer‟s V = 0.26). At each of these intervals, cases of treatment failure and metastases were significantly higher in the HIV positive women than in the HIV negative women. Although there was no significant difference in the incidence of adherence between the HIV negative women, the HIV positive women who were on HAART and the HIV positive women who were not on HAART, there was a significant difference in the incidence of the various reasons for non adherence between the various groups. These reasons included: missed scheduled appointments (Chi2 = 2.9, d.f. = 2, p = 0.02385, Cramer‟s V = 0.31); low blood count (Chi2 = 4.0, d.f. = 2, p = 0.01327, Cramer‟s V = 0.15); radiotherapy induced skin breakdown (Chi2 = 0.6, d.f. = 2, p = 0.04581, Cramer‟s V = 0.16) and radiotherapy induced diarrhoea (Chi2 = 6.9, d.f. = 2, p = 0.03118, Cramer‟s V = 0.19). According to the 2004 National Antiretroviral Treatment Guidelines, cervical cancer patients would fall into the WHO stage IV category of HIV disease thus all patients with confirmed diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer should be commenced on antiretrovirals as soon as the cancer diagnosis is made regardless of their CD4 count. However, in the current study, 13 percent (n= 83) of the HIV positive women were not on antiretrovirals. The study concluded that HIV positive women had a higher incidence of both treatment failure and metastases to cervical cancer treatment. Standard radiotherapy and concurrent chemoradiation cervical cancer treatment protocols should be still be used in both HIV negative patients and HIV positive patients so as not to compromise tumour control. Furthermore, in accordance with the antiretroviral treatment guidelines, all HIV positive patients with cervical cancer should receive antiretrovirals irrespective of their CD4 count.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Ngugi, Pearl
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: HIV infections -- Chemotherapy -- South Africa , Patient compliance -- South Africa , Cervix uteri -- Cancer -- Treatment , HIV-positive women -- South Africa , Antiretroviral agents -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPharm
- Identifier: vital:10162 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1014129
- Description: It is estimated that 6742 South African women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 3681 women die from the disease every year. In 1993, The Centers for Disease Control declared cervical cancer an Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome defining illness. Apart from persistent human papillomavirus infection, HIV infection is the most common co-factor contributing to cervical cancer in South Africa. Studies have noted that in HIV positive women, there has been an occurrence of faster progression to more advanced stages of cervical cancer with high cases of treatment failure and recurrence. There is limited literature available regarding the prognosis of HIV positive women who suffer from cervical cancer. Women who are HIV positive and have cervical cancer have not been evaluated in detail regarding their response and adherence to cervical cancer treatment. Standard treatment protocols for this set of patients have not been defined. The aim of this study was to assess how HIV positive women who have been diagnosed with cervical cancer responded and adhered to cervical cancer therapy which includes: curative radiotherapy; curative chemotherapy; concurrent chemoradiation or palliative radiotherapy. The study also evaluated the effects of the concurrent use of antiretrovirals and cervical cancer treatment. This was done to determine whether invasive cervical cancer in women who were HIV positive could be managed using the same treatment protocols as patients who were HIV negative. A historical cohort design was employed for the study. The study was conducted at the Oncology Department of a tertiary level hospital located in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The total sample consisted of 196 medical records of women diagnosed with cervical cancer between 2005 and 2008. One hundred women were HIV negative, 83 were HIV positive and the HIV status of 13 women could not be determined. The records were audited over a period of two years from the date of diagnosis. The term „complete response‟ referred to patients who had no recurrence of cervical cancer and no evidence of metastases after undergoing treatment. At one month following treatment there was a significant difference in the incidence of complete response between the HIV positive patients and the HIV negative patients (Chi2 = 16.4, d.f. = 1, p = 0.00005, Cramer‟s V = 0.31). The significant difference in response to treatment between the HIV positive patients and the HIV negative patients was maintained at six months after treatment (Chi2 = 15, d.f. = 1, p = 0.00011, Cramer‟s V = 0.34), 12 months after treatment (Chi2 = 20.5, d.f. = 1, p = 0.00001, Cramer‟s V = 0.37), 18 months after treatment (Chi2 = 9.8, d.f. = 1, p = 0.00173, Cramer‟s V = 0.28) and 24 months after treatment (Chi2 = 5.0, d.f. = 1, p = 0.02571, Cramer‟s V = 0.26). At each of these intervals, cases of treatment failure and metastases were significantly higher in the HIV positive women than in the HIV negative women. Although there was no significant difference in the incidence of adherence between the HIV negative women, the HIV positive women who were on HAART and the HIV positive women who were not on HAART, there was a significant difference in the incidence of the various reasons for non adherence between the various groups. These reasons included: missed scheduled appointments (Chi2 = 2.9, d.f. = 2, p = 0.02385, Cramer‟s V = 0.31); low blood count (Chi2 = 4.0, d.f. = 2, p = 0.01327, Cramer‟s V = 0.15); radiotherapy induced skin breakdown (Chi2 = 0.6, d.f. = 2, p = 0.04581, Cramer‟s V = 0.16) and radiotherapy induced diarrhoea (Chi2 = 6.9, d.f. = 2, p = 0.03118, Cramer‟s V = 0.19). According to the 2004 National Antiretroviral Treatment Guidelines, cervical cancer patients would fall into the WHO stage IV category of HIV disease thus all patients with confirmed diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer should be commenced on antiretrovirals as soon as the cancer diagnosis is made regardless of their CD4 count. However, in the current study, 13 percent (n= 83) of the HIV positive women were not on antiretrovirals. The study concluded that HIV positive women had a higher incidence of both treatment failure and metastases to cervical cancer treatment. Standard radiotherapy and concurrent chemoradiation cervical cancer treatment protocols should be still be used in both HIV negative patients and HIV positive patients so as not to compromise tumour control. Furthermore, in accordance with the antiretroviral treatment guidelines, all HIV positive patients with cervical cancer should receive antiretrovirals irrespective of their CD4 count.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
The role of cluster centre principals in the Ohangwena education region in Namibia
- Authors: Nghatanga, Ponny Haggai
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: School management and organization -- Namibia -- Ohangwena School principals -- Namibia -- Ohangwena Educational leadership -- Namibia -- Ohangwena Educational change -- Namibia -- Ohangwena
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1748 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003632
- Description: The Namibian Ministry of Education introduced the School Clustering System (SCS) in 1996. The system entails the grouping of schools into clusters to facilitate the sharing of resources and expertise. One school in a group is selected to serve as the Cluster Centre and the principal of the centre is identified as the Cluster Centre Principal (CCP). This has created a new level of educational leadership which is still relatively under-researched and the primary purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of this new role since it is perceived to be pivotal to the effective functioning of the cluster. This study is an interpretive case study of Cluster Centres in the Komesho Circuit in the Ohangwena Educational Region. Three data collection instruments were used, namely document analysis, observation and interviews. The collected data provided insight into participants' views on the role of Cluster Centre Principals (CCPs), which shed light on the challenges faCing the roles of CCPs. The findings revealed that respondents welcomed the decentralisation of an education system that involves cluster members and parents in decision making. Furthermore, the perceived role of CCPs is perceived as delegation through participative leadership and management approaches. This involves groups in teamwork to enhance the quality of teaching and learning. The study has, however, also exposed tensions surrounding the role and function of CCPs. This is partly because the role has not been formalised and is perceived as existing in a legal vacuum. This study will benefit the Cluster Centre Principals, Inspectors of Education, Advisory Teachers, non-governmental Organisations, the community and the Ministry of Education by placing the role of Cluster Centre Principals in perspective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Nghatanga, Ponny Haggai
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: School management and organization -- Namibia -- Ohangwena School principals -- Namibia -- Ohangwena Educational leadership -- Namibia -- Ohangwena Educational change -- Namibia -- Ohangwena
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1748 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003632
- Description: The Namibian Ministry of Education introduced the School Clustering System (SCS) in 1996. The system entails the grouping of schools into clusters to facilitate the sharing of resources and expertise. One school in a group is selected to serve as the Cluster Centre and the principal of the centre is identified as the Cluster Centre Principal (CCP). This has created a new level of educational leadership which is still relatively under-researched and the primary purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of this new role since it is perceived to be pivotal to the effective functioning of the cluster. This study is an interpretive case study of Cluster Centres in the Komesho Circuit in the Ohangwena Educational Region. Three data collection instruments were used, namely document analysis, observation and interviews. The collected data provided insight into participants' views on the role of Cluster Centre Principals (CCPs), which shed light on the challenges faCing the roles of CCPs. The findings revealed that respondents welcomed the decentralisation of an education system that involves cluster members and parents in decision making. Furthermore, the perceived role of CCPs is perceived as delegation through participative leadership and management approaches. This involves groups in teamwork to enhance the quality of teaching and learning. The study has, however, also exposed tensions surrounding the role and function of CCPs. This is partly because the role has not been formalised and is perceived as existing in a legal vacuum. This study will benefit the Cluster Centre Principals, Inspectors of Education, Advisory Teachers, non-governmental Organisations, the community and the Ministry of Education by placing the role of Cluster Centre Principals in perspective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Causes of high failure rate among matriculants in the Qumbu District, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Ngewu, Caroline Pumza Bongeka
- Authors: Ngewu, Caroline Pumza Bongeka
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Matric learners -- Failure rate -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: vital:18445 , http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1007292
- Description: The study sought to establish the causes of high failure rate among matriculants in the Qumbu district in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A qualitative research design was adopted. Interviews were used to collect data. The sample (N=21) was made up of 12 teachers, 3 learners from each of the selected 3 schools. Convenience sampling technique was used to select the participants. The data were thematically analyzed. The study concluded that parents were not involved in the teaching and learning of their children. There was a lack of learner-teacher support material and infrastructure in schools and this affected learner‟s performance. Disciplinary issues involving both teachers and learners negatively affected the performance of learners. The medium of instruction in schools also affected performance because in some schools learners were taught in Xhosa and that resulted in poor performance at school. The study recommended that parents need to be encouraged to be actively involved. Infrastructure needs to be improved in schools and more classrooms should be built. Learners need discipline and society at large should be involved in moulding learners and teachers‟ in this regard (Teachers should lead by example). In addition, teachers and learners need to be motivated to use English as a medium of instruction and teachers ought to use English when they communicate with learners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Ngewu, Caroline Pumza Bongeka
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Matric learners -- Failure rate -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Ed
- Identifier: vital:18445 , http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1007292
- Description: The study sought to establish the causes of high failure rate among matriculants in the Qumbu district in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. A qualitative research design was adopted. Interviews were used to collect data. The sample (N=21) was made up of 12 teachers, 3 learners from each of the selected 3 schools. Convenience sampling technique was used to select the participants. The data were thematically analyzed. The study concluded that parents were not involved in the teaching and learning of their children. There was a lack of learner-teacher support material and infrastructure in schools and this affected learner‟s performance. Disciplinary issues involving both teachers and learners negatively affected the performance of learners. The medium of instruction in schools also affected performance because in some schools learners were taught in Xhosa and that resulted in poor performance at school. The study recommended that parents need to be encouraged to be actively involved. Infrastructure needs to be improved in schools and more classrooms should be built. Learners need discipline and society at large should be involved in moulding learners and teachers‟ in this regard (Teachers should lead by example). In addition, teachers and learners need to be motivated to use English as a medium of instruction and teachers ought to use English when they communicate with learners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
The use of environmental impact assessments (EIAs) in promoting sustainable development
- Ngesi, Hlekani Ntombizakithi
- Authors: Ngesi, Hlekani Ntombizakithi
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Environmental impact analysis -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Sustainable development -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa , Environmental management -- Planning , Environmental impact analysis -- Law and legislation -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9045 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1614 , Environmental impact analysis -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Sustainable development -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa , Environmental management -- Planning , Environmental impact analysis -- Law and legislation -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: The overall aim of the case study was to investigate the effectiveness of EIAs in NMB and to determine whether EIA legislation and implementation can lead to the promotion of sustainable development practices. The research made use of the qualitative research methodology and followed the inductive approach by critically evaluating the EIA process in the NMBM using the case study approach. This was supported by a survey which was administered to willing participants chosen at random whose extensive experience is relevant to this research topic. Interviews involved direct personal contact with participants who were asked to respond to questions relating to the research study. The research sample consisted of eight participants. The local authority was represented by two participants, the Environmental Assessment Practitioners were represented by five participants and the Non-Governmental Organization was represented by 1 participant. The first objective of the study was to evaluate the role of government during the EIA process. The results showed that EAPs in NMB municipality are relatively satisfied with how the municipality is handling the EIA process with regards to commenting on both internal and external applications. There was however a view that most municipalities lack sufficient capacity to be able to comment on EIA applications as required by legislation and that human resource issues were one of the contributing factors where skills are concerned. The second objective of the study was to examine and evaluate the role of civil society and NGOs during the EIA process. The results showed that NGOs are quite vocal and very much involved in driving the sustainable development agenda and that in South Africa NGOs are usually the ones that are responsible for getting the message across in the form of environmental education and awareness through the translation of environmental knowledge into practical on the ground conservation. 4 The third objective of the study was to analyze the responsibilities of Environmental Assessment Practitioners (EAPs) in the EIA process. The EAPs had a very good knowledge of the EIA process and what was required of them in terms of the process. The fourth objective was to evaluate compliance to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) by the applicant once Environmental Authorisation (EA) has been granted by the responsible authority. The results showed that all the participants were in agreement in terms of the need for EMPs but their lack of enforcement was highlighted as a very serious problem which is in need of urgent attention sooner rather than later. It was also highlighted that EMPs were generally not adhered to due to their lack of legal status and that many developers viewed EMPs as guideline documents rather than something that has legally enforceable provisions. The study concluded that EIAs are not effective in meeting the requirements of NEMA and promoting sustainable development agenda. The IEM planning process which has largely been focused on EIAs as a tool to support decision-making by specialists and hence promote sustainable development has its weaknesses and has not been successful in driving the sustainable development agenda in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Ngesi, Hlekani Ntombizakithi
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Environmental impact analysis -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Sustainable development -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa , Environmental management -- Planning , Environmental impact analysis -- Law and legislation -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9045 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1614 , Environmental impact analysis -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Sustainable development -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa , Environmental management -- Planning , Environmental impact analysis -- Law and legislation -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: The overall aim of the case study was to investigate the effectiveness of EIAs in NMB and to determine whether EIA legislation and implementation can lead to the promotion of sustainable development practices. The research made use of the qualitative research methodology and followed the inductive approach by critically evaluating the EIA process in the NMBM using the case study approach. This was supported by a survey which was administered to willing participants chosen at random whose extensive experience is relevant to this research topic. Interviews involved direct personal contact with participants who were asked to respond to questions relating to the research study. The research sample consisted of eight participants. The local authority was represented by two participants, the Environmental Assessment Practitioners were represented by five participants and the Non-Governmental Organization was represented by 1 participant. The first objective of the study was to evaluate the role of government during the EIA process. The results showed that EAPs in NMB municipality are relatively satisfied with how the municipality is handling the EIA process with regards to commenting on both internal and external applications. There was however a view that most municipalities lack sufficient capacity to be able to comment on EIA applications as required by legislation and that human resource issues were one of the contributing factors where skills are concerned. The second objective of the study was to examine and evaluate the role of civil society and NGOs during the EIA process. The results showed that NGOs are quite vocal and very much involved in driving the sustainable development agenda and that in South Africa NGOs are usually the ones that are responsible for getting the message across in the form of environmental education and awareness through the translation of environmental knowledge into practical on the ground conservation. 4 The third objective of the study was to analyze the responsibilities of Environmental Assessment Practitioners (EAPs) in the EIA process. The EAPs had a very good knowledge of the EIA process and what was required of them in terms of the process. The fourth objective was to evaluate compliance to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) by the applicant once Environmental Authorisation (EA) has been granted by the responsible authority. The results showed that all the participants were in agreement in terms of the need for EMPs but their lack of enforcement was highlighted as a very serious problem which is in need of urgent attention sooner rather than later. It was also highlighted that EMPs were generally not adhered to due to their lack of legal status and that many developers viewed EMPs as guideline documents rather than something that has legally enforceable provisions. The study concluded that EIAs are not effective in meeting the requirements of NEMA and promoting sustainable development agenda. The IEM planning process which has largely been focused on EIAs as a tool to support decision-making by specialists and hence promote sustainable development has its weaknesses and has not been successful in driving the sustainable development agenda in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Public participation in local governance : a case study of two local municipalities
- Ngamlana, Nontando Christine Zintle
- Authors: Ngamlana, Nontando Christine Zintle
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation , Political participation -- South Africa -- Easten Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9063 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1375 , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation , Political participation -- South Africa -- Easten Cape
- Description: In South Africa there is an extensive legislative framework supporting public participation in local government; however, participation which is genuinely empowering, and not token consultation or manipulation, is still lacking in most local municipalities. This study seeks to explore and explain public participation approaches adopted by local municipalities in South Africa by looking at a comparative study of two local municipalities. The study will further evaluate international effective practices in public participation and drawing on those, make recommendations on how to strengthen public participation in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Ngamlana, Nontando Christine Zintle
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation , Political participation -- South Africa -- Easten Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9063 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1375 , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation , Political participation -- South Africa -- Easten Cape
- Description: In South Africa there is an extensive legislative framework supporting public participation in local government; however, participation which is genuinely empowering, and not token consultation or manipulation, is still lacking in most local municipalities. This study seeks to explore and explain public participation approaches adopted by local municipalities in South Africa by looking at a comparative study of two local municipalities. The study will further evaluate international effective practices in public participation and drawing on those, make recommendations on how to strengthen public participation in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011