An analysis on role of judges in interpreting tax legislation
- Authors: Chanhuwa, Mildred Kudzanai
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Taxation -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Law -- South Africa , Judicial discretion -- South Africa , Judicial opinion -- South Africa , Judges -- Attitudes -- South Africa , South Africa. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4289 , vital:20644
- Description: This thesis focusses on the role of judges as interpreters of tax legislation. It examines the role of judges by analysing how the perceptions of judges can impact on how they interpret legislation. It also analyses various other factors that play a role when judges interpret legislation, in an effort to answer the question to what extent do philosophical theories and interpretative approaches explain the role of judges as interpreters? Jurisprudential theories such as the natural law theory, positivist theories, and American realist theories are used to analyse how judges interpret and how theorists think judges should play their interpretational role. It is noted that in pre-constitutional South Africa the courts followed a positivist paradigm; as a result, the judges used a strict literal approach to interpretation. The new Constitution brought a change in the jurisprudential paradigm accepted in South Africa and has transformed how judges perceive and carry out their role as interpreters of legislation. Judges have now adopted the purposive value-laden approach as authoritative. As custodians of the Constitution, judges should interpret provisions against the values imposed by it. The purposive value-laden interpretational approach allows judges to take into account more considerations and to weigh a provision against the constitutional values. Other issues discussed pertain to how institutional guidelines such as the doctrine of precedent and separation of powers, to a lesser extent, play a role in how judges interpret the law. It is demonstrated that the doctrine of precedent does not limit the role of judges but rather contributes to maintaining certainty, predictability and coherence in the legal system. It is also noted that judicial discretion is the mechanism by which judges use extra-legal factors such as public policy and moral considerations to assist in interpreting legislation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Chanhuwa, Mildred Kudzanai
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Taxation -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Law -- South Africa , Judicial discretion -- South Africa , Judicial opinion -- South Africa , Judges -- Attitudes -- South Africa , South Africa. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4289 , vital:20644
- Description: This thesis focusses on the role of judges as interpreters of tax legislation. It examines the role of judges by analysing how the perceptions of judges can impact on how they interpret legislation. It also analyses various other factors that play a role when judges interpret legislation, in an effort to answer the question to what extent do philosophical theories and interpretative approaches explain the role of judges as interpreters? Jurisprudential theories such as the natural law theory, positivist theories, and American realist theories are used to analyse how judges interpret and how theorists think judges should play their interpretational role. It is noted that in pre-constitutional South Africa the courts followed a positivist paradigm; as a result, the judges used a strict literal approach to interpretation. The new Constitution brought a change in the jurisprudential paradigm accepted in South Africa and has transformed how judges perceive and carry out their role as interpreters of legislation. Judges have now adopted the purposive value-laden approach as authoritative. As custodians of the Constitution, judges should interpret provisions against the values imposed by it. The purposive value-laden interpretational approach allows judges to take into account more considerations and to weigh a provision against the constitutional values. Other issues discussed pertain to how institutional guidelines such as the doctrine of precedent and separation of powers, to a lesser extent, play a role in how judges interpret the law. It is demonstrated that the doctrine of precedent does not limit the role of judges but rather contributes to maintaining certainty, predictability and coherence in the legal system. It is also noted that judicial discretion is the mechanism by which judges use extra-legal factors such as public policy and moral considerations to assist in interpreting legislation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An appraisal of the role of the National Rural Youth Service Corps in youth development in peri-urban Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa
- Authors: Noruka, Asanda
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Youth -- Employment Youth development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5795 , vital:29395
- Description: Youth unemployment is a global problem, but more-so in Southern globally positioned countries such as South Africa. The government of South Africa has implemented different interventions that attempt to alleviate national youth unemployment. Some of these programmes, such as the National Rural Youth Service Corps (NARYSEC), specifically target youth in rural and peri-urban areas. NARYSEC aims to develop skills of the youth in rural and peri-urban areas as well as assist in rural development. Despite the introduction of NARYSEC, unemployment among the youth continues to be a problem. Against this background, this study sought to examine rural youth and development interventions implemented by NARYSEC in peri-urban Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Furthermore, the study assessed the extent to which NARYSEC interventions are contributing to rural youth and development in peri-urban Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Lastly, the study examined the limitations of NARYSEC interventions in peri-urban youth development. To achieve the above objectives, the study used a qualitative research approach. The sampling procedure was purposive as the research required specific participants who have gone through NARYSEC training. A total of 24 respondents were eventually selected. In-depth, semi-structured interviews and key informant interviews were the primary data collection tools. Some of the main findings are that NARYSEC provides various skills training programmes which prepare young people for the labour market. NARYSEC interventions are also helping communities to reduce crime through providing youth employment opportunities. Furthermore, some youth actively participate in rural development projects such as rehabilitation of local clinics and construction projects. However, the study also found that there are a number of limitations and challenges that are experienced in the implementation of the NARYSEC programme. These challenges include lack of strategic planning in the programme, irregular stipend payments, strained professional relationships between NARYSEC programme facilitators and youth participants, limited passion and commitment to the programme by both youth participants and facilitators.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Noruka, Asanda
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Youth -- Employment Youth development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5795 , vital:29395
- Description: Youth unemployment is a global problem, but more-so in Southern globally positioned countries such as South Africa. The government of South Africa has implemented different interventions that attempt to alleviate national youth unemployment. Some of these programmes, such as the National Rural Youth Service Corps (NARYSEC), specifically target youth in rural and peri-urban areas. NARYSEC aims to develop skills of the youth in rural and peri-urban areas as well as assist in rural development. Despite the introduction of NARYSEC, unemployment among the youth continues to be a problem. Against this background, this study sought to examine rural youth and development interventions implemented by NARYSEC in peri-urban Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Furthermore, the study assessed the extent to which NARYSEC interventions are contributing to rural youth and development in peri-urban Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Lastly, the study examined the limitations of NARYSEC interventions in peri-urban youth development. To achieve the above objectives, the study used a qualitative research approach. The sampling procedure was purposive as the research required specific participants who have gone through NARYSEC training. A total of 24 respondents were eventually selected. In-depth, semi-structured interviews and key informant interviews were the primary data collection tools. Some of the main findings are that NARYSEC provides various skills training programmes which prepare young people for the labour market. NARYSEC interventions are also helping communities to reduce crime through providing youth employment opportunities. Furthermore, some youth actively participate in rural development projects such as rehabilitation of local clinics and construction projects. However, the study also found that there are a number of limitations and challenges that are experienced in the implementation of the NARYSEC programme. These challenges include lack of strategic planning in the programme, irregular stipend payments, strained professional relationships between NARYSEC programme facilitators and youth participants, limited passion and commitment to the programme by both youth participants and facilitators.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An appraisal of the role of the universities in city development : a case study of the University of Fort Hare in East London, South Africa
- Authors: Sibanda, Sipho
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Community and college -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Community development, Urban -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape City planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5499 , vital:29283
- Description: The role of universities in contributing to the development of their host cities is a subject of ongoing scholarly debate. This is because the contemporary complex and competitive economic and technological global environment requires rapid adaptation to shifting opportunities and constraints in a global knowledge economy. Higher education has thus become an engine of development for cities and nations in the developing world. In line with this global trend, the South African government has thus mandated higher education institutions to play a more active role in addressing the development needs of the country. Within this context, this study therefore embarked on an appraisal of the University of Fort Hare’s (UFH) contribution to the development of its host city, East London in South Africa. The study employed a qualitative approach and used semi structured interviews as a primary data collection tool. The sampling technique was purposive sampling as the study targeted key respondents that had rich information about their departments and organisations. The study found that the university interacts with the city on a number of platforms and advisory boards established by some university departments. The main contribution was realised through relevant research carried out by academics in different departments within the city which informs developmental policy for the local government and contributes positively to the private sector. The University of Fort Hare also serves as a major labour supplier for both the public and private sector. The study however established that UFH is not producing technical graduates which are a critical skill in the private sector, specifically in the automotive industry which is the back bone of the city. This skills gap presents an opportunity for the university to expand its programmes so as to address the needs of private industry. In terms of policy, the study recommends the need for a convener or an intermediary to champion collaboration of the university with the city and the private sector.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Sibanda, Sipho
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Community and college -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Community development, Urban -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape City planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5499 , vital:29283
- Description: The role of universities in contributing to the development of their host cities is a subject of ongoing scholarly debate. This is because the contemporary complex and competitive economic and technological global environment requires rapid adaptation to shifting opportunities and constraints in a global knowledge economy. Higher education has thus become an engine of development for cities and nations in the developing world. In line with this global trend, the South African government has thus mandated higher education institutions to play a more active role in addressing the development needs of the country. Within this context, this study therefore embarked on an appraisal of the University of Fort Hare’s (UFH) contribution to the development of its host city, East London in South Africa. The study employed a qualitative approach and used semi structured interviews as a primary data collection tool. The sampling technique was purposive sampling as the study targeted key respondents that had rich information about their departments and organisations. The study found that the university interacts with the city on a number of platforms and advisory boards established by some university departments. The main contribution was realised through relevant research carried out by academics in different departments within the city which informs developmental policy for the local government and contributes positively to the private sector. The University of Fort Hare also serves as a major labour supplier for both the public and private sector. The study however established that UFH is not producing technical graduates which are a critical skill in the private sector, specifically in the automotive industry which is the back bone of the city. This skills gap presents an opportunity for the university to expand its programmes so as to address the needs of private industry. In terms of policy, the study recommends the need for a convener or an intermediary to champion collaboration of the university with the city and the private sector.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An arts based comparative study of pre-service teachers' perceptions of lecturers' engagement with a humanizing pedagogy
- Authors: Wafula, Josphat Gamba
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Teacher-student relationships -- South Africa , Teacher-student relationships -- Kenya Teachers college graduates -- South Africa Teachers college graduates -- Kenya Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa Teachers -- Training of -- Kenya
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20162 , vital:29148
- Description: The tenet of this study was to elicit pre-service teachers’ insights, thoughts and opinions on their perceptions of lecturers’ engagement with a humanizing pedagogy through the analysis of the participants’ role plays, focused group interviews and written narratives. For the purposes of this study a qualitative approach was adopted employing a multiple case study design that focused on two African institutions; one in Kenya (University M) and one in South Africa (University N), involving 3rd year pre-service teachers in the intermediate phase programme of study. The accumulated data were coded, integrated and analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that although there are lectures who make concerted efforts to embrace humanizing pedagogy in their teaching and create opportunities for interactive learning, most of the teaching is concerned with the issuing of communiqués prepared by others with little input from students thereby leading to a one-way communication process, which denies students of a voice. One-way dialogue excludes the students from critical participation as highlighted by the participants in the study. Furthermore, the findings emerging from the study revealed that the participants perceived the humanizing pedagogy as key to facilitating a safe and friendly learning environment; a strategy that affirms interactive engagement and one which favors a learner-centered approach inclusive of positive pedagogical practices and approaches. The findings of the study also revealed that the dehumanizing experiences that participants had to contend with focused predominantly on the teachers’ obsession with banking education which the participants believed stifled the development of critical consciousness. It is hoped that the findings emerging from this study will inform an understanding and need for dialogue since the study provides valuable insights into the personal and professional transformation which can take place in the lecture rooms. Furthermore, the study has the potential to inform Kenyan and South African teacher education programs with a view to improving teaching practices and approaches that have the potential to stimulate critical and creative thinking through active participation, dialogue and interactive meaning-making.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Wafula, Josphat Gamba
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Teacher-student relationships -- South Africa , Teacher-student relationships -- Kenya Teachers college graduates -- South Africa Teachers college graduates -- Kenya Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa Teachers -- Training of -- Kenya
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20162 , vital:29148
- Description: The tenet of this study was to elicit pre-service teachers’ insights, thoughts and opinions on their perceptions of lecturers’ engagement with a humanizing pedagogy through the analysis of the participants’ role plays, focused group interviews and written narratives. For the purposes of this study a qualitative approach was adopted employing a multiple case study design that focused on two African institutions; one in Kenya (University M) and one in South Africa (University N), involving 3rd year pre-service teachers in the intermediate phase programme of study. The accumulated data were coded, integrated and analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that although there are lectures who make concerted efforts to embrace humanizing pedagogy in their teaching and create opportunities for interactive learning, most of the teaching is concerned with the issuing of communiqués prepared by others with little input from students thereby leading to a one-way communication process, which denies students of a voice. One-way dialogue excludes the students from critical participation as highlighted by the participants in the study. Furthermore, the findings emerging from the study revealed that the participants perceived the humanizing pedagogy as key to facilitating a safe and friendly learning environment; a strategy that affirms interactive engagement and one which favors a learner-centered approach inclusive of positive pedagogical practices and approaches. The findings of the study also revealed that the dehumanizing experiences that participants had to contend with focused predominantly on the teachers’ obsession with banking education which the participants believed stifled the development of critical consciousness. It is hoped that the findings emerging from this study will inform an understanding and need for dialogue since the study provides valuable insights into the personal and professional transformation which can take place in the lecture rooms. Furthermore, the study has the potential to inform Kenyan and South African teacher education programs with a view to improving teaching practices and approaches that have the potential to stimulate critical and creative thinking through active participation, dialogue and interactive meaning-making.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An assessment of asset based community development as a paradigm to promote ownership to communities of Nkonkobe Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Kapayi, Nceba Isaac
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable development -- Research -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Economic development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17788 , vital:28454
- Description: Local economic development has received a lot of attention as a mechanism of community empowerment and poverty alleviation globally. However, great concerns still exist due to the limited sustainability of some of the community-based projects. This study investigates the application of the Asset Based Community Development approach in the Nkonkobe Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. The study examines the access and utilisation of assets and skills by members of the community. Adopting a qualitative research design, data was collected through questionnaire collected through questionnaire.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Kapayi, Nceba Isaac
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable development -- Research -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Economic development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17788 , vital:28454
- Description: Local economic development has received a lot of attention as a mechanism of community empowerment and poverty alleviation globally. However, great concerns still exist due to the limited sustainability of some of the community-based projects. This study investigates the application of the Asset Based Community Development approach in the Nkonkobe Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. The study examines the access and utilisation of assets and skills by members of the community. Adopting a qualitative research design, data was collected through questionnaire collected through questionnaire.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An assessment of community consultation and participation: a case study of the Umhlontlo Local Municipality
- Authors: Sondaba, Nomakhaya Princess
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation Political participation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14389 , vital:27580
- Description: South African municipalities have often been labelled as failing in the provision of services to local communities. These allegations include poor governance, mal administration, corruption and poor delivery of services to where they are needed most. Certain municipalities, however, are unable to deliver sufficient services to the communities of their geographic areas due to mal administration, political interference and corruption. This study is about the analysis of Community Participation and Consultation in Local Government, using the Umhlontlo Local Municipality as a case study. The focus of the study was on the participation of communities in the decision making processes of their local municipalities. The issue of community participation in decision making has been receiving attention in South Africa, from both government and civil society sectors. Only 50% of the areas are receiving running water, enjoying electricity and living in RDP houses. Government in many parts of the world has begun to take a fresh look at the need for public participation in the decision making process. The main problem that will be addressed in this study, is the extent to which communities can be involved in the decision making process in the Umhlontlo Local Municipality. To address this research problem and to achieve the aim of this study, an in-depth review of the literature on decision making was conducted. The empirical research was done by distributing self-administered questionnaires to the participants in Umhlontlo Local Municipality. The research findings will reveal that there is poor community consultation. This report presents the findings of a study conducted to identify the strategies and consultation structures used in the participation of communities in the decision making processes. Measures of effectiveness of these strategies are also indicated in the report. A key indicator of the need for this study was triggered by the non-attendance of the communities in the IDP (Define IDP – Integrated Development Plan) road shows and also by the complaints of a serious lack in service delivery. It was also noted that there was little understanding of the IDP concept & documentation. The results of this study also show that the communities do not fully participate in the development planning processes. The researcher hopes that this study will sensitize the communities to participate in the affairs of their development so as to accelerate progress in communities, which will further improve the quality of their lives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Sondaba, Nomakhaya Princess
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation Political participation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14389 , vital:27580
- Description: South African municipalities have often been labelled as failing in the provision of services to local communities. These allegations include poor governance, mal administration, corruption and poor delivery of services to where they are needed most. Certain municipalities, however, are unable to deliver sufficient services to the communities of their geographic areas due to mal administration, political interference and corruption. This study is about the analysis of Community Participation and Consultation in Local Government, using the Umhlontlo Local Municipality as a case study. The focus of the study was on the participation of communities in the decision making processes of their local municipalities. The issue of community participation in decision making has been receiving attention in South Africa, from both government and civil society sectors. Only 50% of the areas are receiving running water, enjoying electricity and living in RDP houses. Government in many parts of the world has begun to take a fresh look at the need for public participation in the decision making process. The main problem that will be addressed in this study, is the extent to which communities can be involved in the decision making process in the Umhlontlo Local Municipality. To address this research problem and to achieve the aim of this study, an in-depth review of the literature on decision making was conducted. The empirical research was done by distributing self-administered questionnaires to the participants in Umhlontlo Local Municipality. The research findings will reveal that there is poor community consultation. This report presents the findings of a study conducted to identify the strategies and consultation structures used in the participation of communities in the decision making processes. Measures of effectiveness of these strategies are also indicated in the report. A key indicator of the need for this study was triggered by the non-attendance of the communities in the IDP (Define IDP – Integrated Development Plan) road shows and also by the complaints of a serious lack in service delivery. It was also noted that there was little understanding of the IDP concept & documentation. The results of this study also show that the communities do not fully participate in the development planning processes. The researcher hopes that this study will sensitize the communities to participate in the affairs of their development so as to accelerate progress in communities, which will further improve the quality of their lives.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An assessment of industrial development zones in growing SMMEs: the East London industrial development zone case
- Authors: Tinta, Akhona Nelisa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Small business -- South Africa -- East London -- Growth Economic development -- South Africa -- East London , Industrial development projects -- South Africa -- East London Business enterprises
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21427 , vital:29516
- Description: The small, medium and micro enterprises sector in South Africa is critical in addressing poverty, job creation and social instability inherited by the democratic government. The transformation of the economy has seen various pieces of legislation being enacted in order to promote a favourable environment for the growth of the SMME sector. As such, instruments such as the Industrial Development Zones were put in place to facilitate investment, create jobs and promote exports with one of the main objectives to grow the SMME sector. In this study, the case of the East London Industrial Development Zone (ELIDZ) in supporting the growth of the SMME sector in economic growth and addressing socio-economic challenges was analysed. The exploratory qualitative research methodology was used in the study. Structured questionnaires and a semi-structured interview guide were used to collect data from the 49 identified participants and an Executive Management representative from the ELIDZ in order to present the data obtained precisely. The study recommends that an integrated model of SMME growth by the private and public sector be developed in ensuring that there are clear expectations on the determinants of growth for the sector. In addition, the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality must have in place a consolidated database of SMMEs in order for the private and public institutions to elect the SMMEs which can be participants in their SMME development programmes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Tinta, Akhona Nelisa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Small business -- South Africa -- East London -- Growth Economic development -- South Africa -- East London , Industrial development projects -- South Africa -- East London Business enterprises
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21427 , vital:29516
- Description: The small, medium and micro enterprises sector in South Africa is critical in addressing poverty, job creation and social instability inherited by the democratic government. The transformation of the economy has seen various pieces of legislation being enacted in order to promote a favourable environment for the growth of the SMME sector. As such, instruments such as the Industrial Development Zones were put in place to facilitate investment, create jobs and promote exports with one of the main objectives to grow the SMME sector. In this study, the case of the East London Industrial Development Zone (ELIDZ) in supporting the growth of the SMME sector in economic growth and addressing socio-economic challenges was analysed. The exploratory qualitative research methodology was used in the study. Structured questionnaires and a semi-structured interview guide were used to collect data from the 49 identified participants and an Executive Management representative from the ELIDZ in order to present the data obtained precisely. The study recommends that an integrated model of SMME growth by the private and public sector be developed in ensuring that there are clear expectations on the determinants of growth for the sector. In addition, the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality must have in place a consolidated database of SMMEs in order for the private and public institutions to elect the SMMEs which can be participants in their SMME development programmes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An assessment of municipal performance assessment system as a tool to improve performance in Ngqushwa local municipality in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Batayi, Nokuthula
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Performance -- Evaluation Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13436 , vital:39661
- Description: Monitoring and evaluation is a key contributing factor in the accomplishment of the vision, mission and strategic goals of the department. It is an on-going communication, undertaken in partnership between employees and their immediate supervisors. This research study focused on assessing the performance management system as a tool to improve performance in Ngqushwa Local Municipality. It has been found that Ngqushwa Local Municipality has undertaken measures to implement the performance management system which is aligned with legislative frameworks i.e. Republic of South African Constitution of 1996, Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000, Municipal Structures Act 117 of 1998, Municipal Finance Management Act 56 of 2003, Public Service Regulation 2001, and Monitoring and Evaluation Frameworks. However, the research findings showed that such efforts were not sufficient in terms of implementation of Performance Management System. The study suggested that 1) the system should also accommodate employees who are in lower levels as way to strengthen the implementation of the system; 2) Involvement of stakeholders should be prioritised so as to promote ownership of the system 3) Continuous training of employees and feedback should also be considered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Batayi, Nokuthula
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Performance -- Evaluation Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13436 , vital:39661
- Description: Monitoring and evaluation is a key contributing factor in the accomplishment of the vision, mission and strategic goals of the department. It is an on-going communication, undertaken in partnership between employees and their immediate supervisors. This research study focused on assessing the performance management system as a tool to improve performance in Ngqushwa Local Municipality. It has been found that Ngqushwa Local Municipality has undertaken measures to implement the performance management system which is aligned with legislative frameworks i.e. Republic of South African Constitution of 1996, Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000, Municipal Structures Act 117 of 1998, Municipal Finance Management Act 56 of 2003, Public Service Regulation 2001, and Monitoring and Evaluation Frameworks. However, the research findings showed that such efforts were not sufficient in terms of implementation of Performance Management System. The study suggested that 1) the system should also accommodate employees who are in lower levels as way to strengthen the implementation of the system; 2) Involvement of stakeholders should be prioritised so as to promote ownership of the system 3) Continuous training of employees and feedback should also be considered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An assessment of public participation strategies: the case of Nyandeni Local Municipality
- Authors: Bambeni, Mbulelo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17470 , vital:28343
- Description: This study assessed the public participation strategies from the perspective of local government governance in encouraging community participation with specific reference to the Nyandeni Local Municipality (NLM). The research was based on the assumption that one of the biggest challenges facing most municipalities in South Africa is the lack of effective public participation strategies which results in service delivery protest actions. As a local municipality, the NLM has been entrusted with the responsibility to promote and encourage community participation.. . The purpose of the research study was to investigate and observe the public participation strategies with specific reference to the Nyandeni Local Municipality. The assessment of the public participation strategies of the NLM will therefore be fundamentally descriptive, but highly exploratory in nature. This research employed the quantitative method. An empirical survey was employed for purposes of the study and the research findings are described, interpreted, and analysed. Data was collected by way of a suitably constructed questionnaire which was administered to the ward committee members. The research has established that there is a good public participation approach in place but its functioning is inadequate, the ward committee members have little understanding of their roles and responsibilities in terms of the implementation of the public participation strategy, and they have failed to facilitate communication between the Municipality and the community. There was also an indication that the service delivery protest actions were fuelled by political motives and certain challenges and not solely by a lack of an effective public participation. In addition, the language used by the Municipality is mostly not understandable to the community as a whole. This research also identifies the strengths and the weaknesses of the public participation strategies as these are regarded as critical in promoting successful local democracy. It is envisaged that this research will assist the Nyandeni Municipality, and other municipalities country-wide to identify challenges with which they are faced and to deal with these accordingly in terms of the objectives identified in the public participation strategies. Furthermore, this research study envisages promoting effective public participation strategies within the Nyandeni Local Municipality as well as improving the efficiency and effectiveness of service delivery that will ensure communities of their well-being and dignity. Various recommendations are presented, based on the findings, primarily from the literature review and empirical survey, on how the existing status quo of the NLM can be changed to enhance public participation. If these recommendations are adopted, the Nyandeni LM will be able to develop and implement effective public participation strategies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Bambeni, Mbulelo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Public administration -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17470 , vital:28343
- Description: This study assessed the public participation strategies from the perspective of local government governance in encouraging community participation with specific reference to the Nyandeni Local Municipality (NLM). The research was based on the assumption that one of the biggest challenges facing most municipalities in South Africa is the lack of effective public participation strategies which results in service delivery protest actions. As a local municipality, the NLM has been entrusted with the responsibility to promote and encourage community participation.. . The purpose of the research study was to investigate and observe the public participation strategies with specific reference to the Nyandeni Local Municipality. The assessment of the public participation strategies of the NLM will therefore be fundamentally descriptive, but highly exploratory in nature. This research employed the quantitative method. An empirical survey was employed for purposes of the study and the research findings are described, interpreted, and analysed. Data was collected by way of a suitably constructed questionnaire which was administered to the ward committee members. The research has established that there is a good public participation approach in place but its functioning is inadequate, the ward committee members have little understanding of their roles and responsibilities in terms of the implementation of the public participation strategy, and they have failed to facilitate communication between the Municipality and the community. There was also an indication that the service delivery protest actions were fuelled by political motives and certain challenges and not solely by a lack of an effective public participation. In addition, the language used by the Municipality is mostly not understandable to the community as a whole. This research also identifies the strengths and the weaknesses of the public participation strategies as these are regarded as critical in promoting successful local democracy. It is envisaged that this research will assist the Nyandeni Municipality, and other municipalities country-wide to identify challenges with which they are faced and to deal with these accordingly in terms of the objectives identified in the public participation strategies. Furthermore, this research study envisages promoting effective public participation strategies within the Nyandeni Local Municipality as well as improving the efficiency and effectiveness of service delivery that will ensure communities of their well-being and dignity. Various recommendations are presented, based on the findings, primarily from the literature review and empirical survey, on how the existing status quo of the NLM can be changed to enhance public participation. If these recommendations are adopted, the Nyandeni LM will be able to develop and implement effective public participation strategies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An assessment of public-private partnerships as a strategy for effective delivery of primary health care in the Eastern Cape - the case of Frere Hospital
- Authors: Gqobana, Sicelo Hamilton
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Frere Hospital Public-private sector cooperation Primary health care
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12892 , vital:39388
- Description: The development of public-private partnerships (PPPs) around the world has urged governments to look at alternative service delivery methods because of increased pressures on government budgets. Public-private partnerships present governments with means of generating private funds for health service delivery whilst government manages the relationship via a negotiated PPP agreement to monitor the quality of services rendered. Different PPP models are applied all over the world depending on the specific needs of countries. Different factors impact on the success of these partnerships and it is essential that government shares knowledge and best practices. This study has showed that in order for basic primary healthcare to be effective in terms of service delivery, PPPs should be considered. The legislative framework is a critical factor in the advancement of PPP procurement and the allocation of risk as an important consideration when pursuing this type of procurement. In the health sector of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa, there are PPPs that exist; they were the first of their kind. The study examined a tertiary hospital in East London which does not necessarily provide basic healthcare but needs to improve service delivery, although there has been some improvement from 2013 to date. The hospital in question was the Frere Hospital and the study assessed a public-private partnership as a strategy for effective delivery of basic primary healthcare in this hospital in the Eastern Cape. Interviews with the sample participants comprising mainly of managers at Frere Hospital, revealed that Frere had been ‘in tatters’ with a bad reputation before 2013, and even though there were improvements afterwards, some targets were still not met. The study came up with the following recommendations: there should be training of managers and other officials on the importance of PPPs in improving service delivery at Frere; there should be some kind of a PPP at Frere to improve productivity; officials and not only managers must understand the importance of PPPs; certain methods/processes and mechanisms need to be developed to overcome challenges in terms of service delivery that the Department of Health and Frere are still facing; officials must understand that through a PPP service delivery can improve significantly; and a need exists for sound annual plans with targets that show how the annual targets will be achieved.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Gqobana, Sicelo Hamilton
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Frere Hospital Public-private sector cooperation Primary health care
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12892 , vital:39388
- Description: The development of public-private partnerships (PPPs) around the world has urged governments to look at alternative service delivery methods because of increased pressures on government budgets. Public-private partnerships present governments with means of generating private funds for health service delivery whilst government manages the relationship via a negotiated PPP agreement to monitor the quality of services rendered. Different PPP models are applied all over the world depending on the specific needs of countries. Different factors impact on the success of these partnerships and it is essential that government shares knowledge and best practices. This study has showed that in order for basic primary healthcare to be effective in terms of service delivery, PPPs should be considered. The legislative framework is a critical factor in the advancement of PPP procurement and the allocation of risk as an important consideration when pursuing this type of procurement. In the health sector of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa, there are PPPs that exist; they were the first of their kind. The study examined a tertiary hospital in East London which does not necessarily provide basic healthcare but needs to improve service delivery, although there has been some improvement from 2013 to date. The hospital in question was the Frere Hospital and the study assessed a public-private partnership as a strategy for effective delivery of basic primary healthcare in this hospital in the Eastern Cape. Interviews with the sample participants comprising mainly of managers at Frere Hospital, revealed that Frere had been ‘in tatters’ with a bad reputation before 2013, and even though there were improvements afterwards, some targets were still not met. The study came up with the following recommendations: there should be training of managers and other officials on the importance of PPPs in improving service delivery at Frere; there should be some kind of a PPP at Frere to improve productivity; officials and not only managers must understand the importance of PPPs; certain methods/processes and mechanisms need to be developed to overcome challenges in terms of service delivery that the Department of Health and Frere are still facing; officials must understand that through a PPP service delivery can improve significantly; and a need exists for sound annual plans with targets that show how the annual targets will be achieved.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An assessment of the implementation of human resource planning and development and its effect on service delivery in the ministry of health and social welfare in Tanzania
- Authors: Rwiza, Edith
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Personnel management--Tanzania Civil service--Tanzania Public health--Tanzania
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Public Administration
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11861 , vital:39113
- Description: Public health is a major concern to a number of countries, due to its ripple impact in the economy. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that contribute to the implementation of HRP and D in the Tanzanian health sector. To achieve this, 22 respondents from the Ministry Secretariat and Directors were interviewed, and 355 questionnaires were administered to beneficiaries of the HRP and D. A mixed method approach was utilised to analyse the data collected from the respondents. The findings of the study pointed that males dominated the sample, with the majority holding postgraduate qualification. In terms of the implementation of the HRP, 49 percent of the respondents stated that it was satisfactory. While, in terms of capacity, 67 percent were of the view that there is a shortage of skilled staff. The challenges identified include inequality in the allocation of staff, lack of skills, knowledge and experience, and oversupply of staff in certain regions. Strategies proposed for enhancing the application of HRP and D include an overhaul in the organisation structure, solving staff welfare issues, ethics and values improvement, and management of staff. The study recommends that the government should allocate adequate budget to the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare to implement Human Resource Planning and Human Resource Development in all levels of the sector as directed by President’s Office, and the Public Service Management (PO-PSM). The study also recommends on the improvement of the Human Capital Management Information System (HCMIS) to assess health workers movement. Lastly, the study recommends that there should be good coordination, cooperation, and clear lines of authority between stakeholders of health system in supervision and regulation in the implementation of HRP and HRD plans.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Rwiza, Edith
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Personnel management--Tanzania Civil service--Tanzania Public health--Tanzania
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Public Administration
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11861 , vital:39113
- Description: Public health is a major concern to a number of countries, due to its ripple impact in the economy. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that contribute to the implementation of HRP and D in the Tanzanian health sector. To achieve this, 22 respondents from the Ministry Secretariat and Directors were interviewed, and 355 questionnaires were administered to beneficiaries of the HRP and D. A mixed method approach was utilised to analyse the data collected from the respondents. The findings of the study pointed that males dominated the sample, with the majority holding postgraduate qualification. In terms of the implementation of the HRP, 49 percent of the respondents stated that it was satisfactory. While, in terms of capacity, 67 percent were of the view that there is a shortage of skilled staff. The challenges identified include inequality in the allocation of staff, lack of skills, knowledge and experience, and oversupply of staff in certain regions. Strategies proposed for enhancing the application of HRP and D include an overhaul in the organisation structure, solving staff welfare issues, ethics and values improvement, and management of staff. The study recommends that the government should allocate adequate budget to the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare to implement Human Resource Planning and Human Resource Development in all levels of the sector as directed by President’s Office, and the Public Service Management (PO-PSM). The study also recommends on the improvement of the Human Capital Management Information System (HCMIS) to assess health workers movement. Lastly, the study recommends that there should be good coordination, cooperation, and clear lines of authority between stakeholders of health system in supervision and regulation in the implementation of HRP and HRD plans.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An assessment of the implementation of performance management and development system: Department of Sport and Recreation South Africa
- Authors: Zinganto, Nobulali
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Performance -- Management Local officials and employees -- South Africa , Employees -- Rating of -- South Africa Public administration --South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45826 , vital:39220
- Description: Performance management and development in the South African Public Service is a critical aspect that engenders officials and management to be committed to the provision of efficient and effective service delivery. The Public Service Regulations (2001) as amended requires all spheres of government to develop and implement policy parameters that address measurable service delivery aligned to their strategic functions. The imperatives of these policy parameters allow employees’ performance with notch increments. The National Department of Sport and Recreation South Africa (SRSA) developed a performance management system that links Employee Performance Management and Development System (EPMDS) at salary levels 5 – 12 to notch increments and Human Resource Development programmes. This system aims to achieve consideration of the desired outputs; meaning the delivery of work required, which is emphasised in the setting of objectives and looking at the necessary inputs; meaning the knowledge, skills, training and resources needed, which are considered in the appraisal and reviewing of the progress that was made. The performance of Sport and Recreation South Africa has not been commensurate with the aims and objectives of the EPMDS system, as the results are not yielding the best outcome on this system. This study sought to investigate whether the EPMDS contributes to improve performance of the employees and that of the entire organisation in SRSA. It would examine whether the employees do get feedback on their performance after the performance assessment period. The study would establish whether those employees who under-performed do get remedial interventions like training, coaching, mentoring and development on the competencies they lack; so that their performance is improved. The study also sought to determined the perception of the employees regarding the effectiveness of the Performance Management and Development System in SRSA Knowledge of employees' perceptions of the performance management system will assist management to implement such a system more effectively. The findings of this study indicate that managers use performance management as a tool to control and discipline subordinates, whilst subordinates use performance management as a means of getting extra money through performance bonuses. This could be the reason that performance assessment period is viewed as a period of high tension between supervisors and subordinates. The main recommendation on the basis of this finding is that there should be a regular and thorough training of officials at all levels within SRSA about the EPMDS and how it influences productivity. Other additional recommendations include, inter alia, that the identification of gaps on unsatisfactory performance should be made immediately after each performance period. Remedial interventions to address those gaps like training, retraining, coaching and counselling should be formulated, agreed upon and implemented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Zinganto, Nobulali
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Performance -- Management Local officials and employees -- South Africa , Employees -- Rating of -- South Africa Public administration --South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/45826 , vital:39220
- Description: Performance management and development in the South African Public Service is a critical aspect that engenders officials and management to be committed to the provision of efficient and effective service delivery. The Public Service Regulations (2001) as amended requires all spheres of government to develop and implement policy parameters that address measurable service delivery aligned to their strategic functions. The imperatives of these policy parameters allow employees’ performance with notch increments. The National Department of Sport and Recreation South Africa (SRSA) developed a performance management system that links Employee Performance Management and Development System (EPMDS) at salary levels 5 – 12 to notch increments and Human Resource Development programmes. This system aims to achieve consideration of the desired outputs; meaning the delivery of work required, which is emphasised in the setting of objectives and looking at the necessary inputs; meaning the knowledge, skills, training and resources needed, which are considered in the appraisal and reviewing of the progress that was made. The performance of Sport and Recreation South Africa has not been commensurate with the aims and objectives of the EPMDS system, as the results are not yielding the best outcome on this system. This study sought to investigate whether the EPMDS contributes to improve performance of the employees and that of the entire organisation in SRSA. It would examine whether the employees do get feedback on their performance after the performance assessment period. The study would establish whether those employees who under-performed do get remedial interventions like training, coaching, mentoring and development on the competencies they lack; so that their performance is improved. The study also sought to determined the perception of the employees regarding the effectiveness of the Performance Management and Development System in SRSA Knowledge of employees' perceptions of the performance management system will assist management to implement such a system more effectively. The findings of this study indicate that managers use performance management as a tool to control and discipline subordinates, whilst subordinates use performance management as a means of getting extra money through performance bonuses. This could be the reason that performance assessment period is viewed as a period of high tension between supervisors and subordinates. The main recommendation on the basis of this finding is that there should be a regular and thorough training of officials at all levels within SRSA about the EPMDS and how it influences productivity. Other additional recommendations include, inter alia, that the identification of gaps on unsatisfactory performance should be made immediately after each performance period. Remedial interventions to address those gaps like training, retraining, coaching and counselling should be formulated, agreed upon and implemented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An assessment of the Millennium Development Goal's poverty reduction target in Ogun State, Nigeria
- Durokifa, Anuoluwapo Abosede
- Authors: Durokifa, Anuoluwapo Abosede
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Millennium Development Goals Economic development projects -- Nigeria Sustainable development -- Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4649 , vital:28483
- Description: Nigeria, like many nations of the world, is confronted with a high level of poverty. Over the years the country has taken several initiatives to reduce the incidence of poverty. Nigeria was one of the earliest countries to adopt the Millennium Development Goals [MDGs] as a strategy in reducing poverty and promoting development across the vast nation. The federating states have also rolled out a number of poverty reduction programmes tailored along the millennium development goals. This study, therefore, evaluates the achievement of the millennium development poverty reduction target in Ogun State, South west Nigeria. The study seeks to ascertain whether the state was able to significantly reduce poverty with the introduction of the MDGs. The study also attempts to establish difference or similarity (if any) between past poverty reduction policies in the state and the MDGs poverty reduction strategies. In carrying out this study, related literature on poverty, development and poverty reduction efforts (strategies and programmes) implemented in the state were extensively reviewed and relevant information retrieved for the study. This study employed the mixed method research, comprising both the quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data through the administration of a questionnaire was obtained from 232 respondents. While in-depth interview with seven participants provided the qualitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed using Descriptive statistics, and chi-square statistical technique was used to analyze the quantitative data while qualitative data analysis was carried out using transcription and thematic clusters. The findings of the study, in general, revealed that the MDG poverty reduction strategy did not make any significant contribution in reducing poverty in the state. The MDG strategy was not any different from past poverty reduction strategies implemented in the state. The findings of the research also strongly indicated that there was low awareness regarding the MDGs poverty reduction strategies set up amongst the citizens of the state. The low awareness emerged as a major hindrance to the success of the MDG programme. Based on the findings of this study, a sustainable development poverty reduction model was developed. The model gives room for programme awareness; people’s consultation and participation. It emphasizes the need to consider the community setting or environment factors in the planning and execution of poverty reduction programme. This model contend that aligning strategies to the peculiar need of each environment is a critical component for the sustenance of any poverty reduction programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Durokifa, Anuoluwapo Abosede
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Millennium Development Goals Economic development projects -- Nigeria Sustainable development -- Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4649 , vital:28483
- Description: Nigeria, like many nations of the world, is confronted with a high level of poverty. Over the years the country has taken several initiatives to reduce the incidence of poverty. Nigeria was one of the earliest countries to adopt the Millennium Development Goals [MDGs] as a strategy in reducing poverty and promoting development across the vast nation. The federating states have also rolled out a number of poverty reduction programmes tailored along the millennium development goals. This study, therefore, evaluates the achievement of the millennium development poverty reduction target in Ogun State, South west Nigeria. The study seeks to ascertain whether the state was able to significantly reduce poverty with the introduction of the MDGs. The study also attempts to establish difference or similarity (if any) between past poverty reduction policies in the state and the MDGs poverty reduction strategies. In carrying out this study, related literature on poverty, development and poverty reduction efforts (strategies and programmes) implemented in the state were extensively reviewed and relevant information retrieved for the study. This study employed the mixed method research, comprising both the quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data through the administration of a questionnaire was obtained from 232 respondents. While in-depth interview with seven participants provided the qualitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed using Descriptive statistics, and chi-square statistical technique was used to analyze the quantitative data while qualitative data analysis was carried out using transcription and thematic clusters. The findings of the study, in general, revealed that the MDG poverty reduction strategy did not make any significant contribution in reducing poverty in the state. The MDG strategy was not any different from past poverty reduction strategies implemented in the state. The findings of the research also strongly indicated that there was low awareness regarding the MDGs poverty reduction strategies set up amongst the citizens of the state. The low awareness emerged as a major hindrance to the success of the MDG programme. Based on the findings of this study, a sustainable development poverty reduction model was developed. The model gives room for programme awareness; people’s consultation and participation. It emphasizes the need to consider the community setting or environment factors in the planning and execution of poverty reduction programme. This model contend that aligning strategies to the peculiar need of each environment is a critical component for the sustenance of any poverty reduction programme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An assessment of the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 as a vehicle for expanding financial inclusion in South Africa
- Authors: Wazvaremhaka, Tinashe
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: South Africa. -- National Credit Act, 2005 Credit -- Law and legislation Financial institutions -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9045 , vital:34221
- Description: The advancement of financial inclusion is at the top of the international development agenda for policy makers and development institutions. Empirical evidence indicates that households that participate in the mainstream financial services sector can start and grow businesses, manage risk, invest in education, save and absorb financial shocks. National Treasury recently recognised financial inclusion as a policy priority and emphasised the need to enhance it under the new twin peaks system of regulation. This study submits that a conducive legal and regulatory framework is an important key to unlocking the benefits of financial inclusion. More pointedly, it demonstrates that the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 (NCA) plays a central role in promoting financial inclusion since access to unsafe and exploitative credit can lead the poor to pay more, and thereby affecting their ability to access credit and other financial services. Although financial inclusion has been improving in South Africa, over-indebtedness remains pervasive. Access to credit has been exacerbating the financial exclusion of many historically disadvantaged and low income consumers in spite of the NCA. Therefore, this study undertakes a critical assessment of selected aspects of the NCA with a view to determining whether the Act is up to the task of expanding financial inclusion in South Africa. Arguments and suggestions have been made in this study to refine the NCA (and other related laws) such that it promotes access to safe and affordable credit for previously disadvantaged and low income population groups, encourages responsible lending and provides effective debt relief mechanisms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Wazvaremhaka, Tinashe
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: South Africa. -- National Credit Act, 2005 Credit -- Law and legislation Financial institutions -- Law and legislation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9045 , vital:34221
- Description: The advancement of financial inclusion is at the top of the international development agenda for policy makers and development institutions. Empirical evidence indicates that households that participate in the mainstream financial services sector can start and grow businesses, manage risk, invest in education, save and absorb financial shocks. National Treasury recently recognised financial inclusion as a policy priority and emphasised the need to enhance it under the new twin peaks system of regulation. This study submits that a conducive legal and regulatory framework is an important key to unlocking the benefits of financial inclusion. More pointedly, it demonstrates that the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 (NCA) plays a central role in promoting financial inclusion since access to unsafe and exploitative credit can lead the poor to pay more, and thereby affecting their ability to access credit and other financial services. Although financial inclusion has been improving in South Africa, over-indebtedness remains pervasive. Access to credit has been exacerbating the financial exclusion of many historically disadvantaged and low income consumers in spite of the NCA. Therefore, this study undertakes a critical assessment of selected aspects of the NCA with a view to determining whether the Act is up to the task of expanding financial inclusion in South Africa. Arguments and suggestions have been made in this study to refine the NCA (and other related laws) such that it promotes access to safe and affordable credit for previously disadvantaged and low income population groups, encourages responsible lending and provides effective debt relief mechanisms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An assessment of the need for a monitoring model for public service training facilitators :|bthe case of a training agency at an Eastern Cape university
- Authors: Masha, Anthony Kambi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Employees -- Training of Group facilitation Public administration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13138 , vital:39468
- Description: The purpose of this study was to assess the needs of a mentoring model for public service Training Facilitators. The study followed a qualitative interpretive research design whereby semi-structured interviews were used to gain answers from the three constructs addressing the research questions. The results of an assessment that was conducted by the researcher in this study indicate that there is a lack of a mentoring programme for FHS Training Facilitators and that the development of competencies and skills for Training Facilitators through mentoring is non-existent. It was through the findings that the need of mentoring was envisaged, leading to the creation of a comprehensive mentoring model for Leadership Development training. Findings relating to questions regarding the purpose of mentoring, knowledge of presenting training programmes on Leadership Development and requisite competencies and professionalism of Training Facilitators indicate that there is need for a mentoring programme for Leadership Development training at FHS. This study is therefore significant in that a mentoring model has been developed. The study is a new line of inquiry and will make an original contribution to literature on mentoring, proactive training methods and Leadership Development. There is little known on proactive training methods for Millenials on Leadership Development both in South Africa and internationally. This study had a bias towards the qualitative approach. It was conducted in the Eastern Cape Province. For this research, respondents were only Training Facilitators at FHS. The empirical study was limited to male or female Training Facilitators working for FHS and Training Facilitators who have worked for FHS for at least more than a year. The Management of FHS and administration staff members were excluded from the study since the study included only Training Facilitators from the Human Capital Training and Development Unit at FHS. The main focus of the study is mentoring, and does not include related aspects, such as career coaching, executive coaching, action learning and learnerships.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Masha, Anthony Kambi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Employees -- Training of Group facilitation Public administration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13138 , vital:39468
- Description: The purpose of this study was to assess the needs of a mentoring model for public service Training Facilitators. The study followed a qualitative interpretive research design whereby semi-structured interviews were used to gain answers from the three constructs addressing the research questions. The results of an assessment that was conducted by the researcher in this study indicate that there is a lack of a mentoring programme for FHS Training Facilitators and that the development of competencies and skills for Training Facilitators through mentoring is non-existent. It was through the findings that the need of mentoring was envisaged, leading to the creation of a comprehensive mentoring model for Leadership Development training. Findings relating to questions regarding the purpose of mentoring, knowledge of presenting training programmes on Leadership Development and requisite competencies and professionalism of Training Facilitators indicate that there is need for a mentoring programme for Leadership Development training at FHS. This study is therefore significant in that a mentoring model has been developed. The study is a new line of inquiry and will make an original contribution to literature on mentoring, proactive training methods and Leadership Development. There is little known on proactive training methods for Millenials on Leadership Development both in South Africa and internationally. This study had a bias towards the qualitative approach. It was conducted in the Eastern Cape Province. For this research, respondents were only Training Facilitators at FHS. The empirical study was limited to male or female Training Facilitators working for FHS and Training Facilitators who have worked for FHS for at least more than a year. The Management of FHS and administration staff members were excluded from the study since the study included only Training Facilitators from the Human Capital Training and Development Unit at FHS. The main focus of the study is mentoring, and does not include related aspects, such as career coaching, executive coaching, action learning and learnerships.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An assessment of the perception of the role of the Christian religious leader in the political process: the case of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Authors: Terblanche, Thomas Frank
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: South Africa -- Politics and government Church and state -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Christianity and politics -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality Holland Reformed Church -- Political aspects -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20746 , vital:29385
- Description: The Church and clergy, during Apartheid played a significant role in the South African political process. It was possible to divide the church into three distinct groups, pro-government, anti-government and neutral churches and clergy. The Dutch Reformed Church because of its close association to the National Party was often dubbed the “National Party of Prayer.” They played an important role in providing moral legitimacy for the regime. On the other hand, church leaders including Allan Boesak and Desmond Tutu were synonymous in their fight against apartheid. The Church still plays a significant role in a democratic South Africa. By virtue of Stats SA 2011 which states that just under eighty percent of South Africans have Christian affliations. However, democratic South Africa has secular constitution which clearly indicates the separation between church and government. Clergy find themselves in an ambiguous situation in a ‘secular state.’ What exactly is the broader role of the Church and in particular clergy in democratic ‘secular’ South Africa? The ambiguity is also fuelled by politicians who often request clergy’s participation in the political process and on other occasions state that clergy should keep to “church business” Part of this enquiry is be answered by asking clergy what they believe their role is. In 2014 a selection of Christian leaders in the Nelson Mandela Bay area decried the governance in the NMBM and South Africa in general. It is to be seen as awakening of clergy in the political process. The objectives of the study are as follows: to look at how Christian religious leaders construct their role in a post-apartheid context with a specific focus on the NMBM, to capture the views of government and political parties1 on what role the Church should play in post-apartheid South Africa, A comparative thematic analysis to determine if there are any similarities or differences in how the Church perceives their political role vis-à-vis the perception of government.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Terblanche, Thomas Frank
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: South Africa -- Politics and government Church and state -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Christianity and politics -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality Holland Reformed Church -- Political aspects -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20746 , vital:29385
- Description: The Church and clergy, during Apartheid played a significant role in the South African political process. It was possible to divide the church into three distinct groups, pro-government, anti-government and neutral churches and clergy. The Dutch Reformed Church because of its close association to the National Party was often dubbed the “National Party of Prayer.” They played an important role in providing moral legitimacy for the regime. On the other hand, church leaders including Allan Boesak and Desmond Tutu were synonymous in their fight against apartheid. The Church still plays a significant role in a democratic South Africa. By virtue of Stats SA 2011 which states that just under eighty percent of South Africans have Christian affliations. However, democratic South Africa has secular constitution which clearly indicates the separation between church and government. Clergy find themselves in an ambiguous situation in a ‘secular state.’ What exactly is the broader role of the Church and in particular clergy in democratic ‘secular’ South Africa? The ambiguity is also fuelled by politicians who often request clergy’s participation in the political process and on other occasions state that clergy should keep to “church business” Part of this enquiry is be answered by asking clergy what they believe their role is. In 2014 a selection of Christian leaders in the Nelson Mandela Bay area decried the governance in the NMBM and South Africa in general. It is to be seen as awakening of clergy in the political process. The objectives of the study are as follows: to look at how Christian religious leaders construct their role in a post-apartheid context with a specific focus on the NMBM, to capture the views of government and political parties1 on what role the Church should play in post-apartheid South Africa, A comparative thematic analysis to determine if there are any similarities or differences in how the Church perceives their political role vis-à-vis the perception of government.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An assessment of the relationship between clean audits and service delivery : a study of Amathole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province, for the 2013/2014 financial year
- Authors: Mashalaba, Bongiwe
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Municipal finance -- South Africa -- Auditing Auditing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Finance, Public -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4638 , vital:28471
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the concept of clean audit reports in relation to service delivery. The study was conducted in the Amathole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province and centred on the audit outcome of the municipality for the 2013/2014 financial year. A qualitative research design was adopted in order to conduct the study and the data was collected through the conducting of semi-structured interviews. The research sample comprised officers who were employed by the Amathole District Municipality and one manager from the office of the Auditor-General. The key findings of the study revealed that, at present, the concept of a clean audit outcome is used by municipal officers to imply that the performance of an organisation is to be assessed mainly on the basis of evidence which is provided by financial indicators, to the exclusion of non-financial benchmarks. This assumption tends to encourage municipal officers to strive towards impressing auditors, rather than serving their communities through the providing of adequate service delivery. In addition, the auditing of municipalities does not assess their performance in relation to service delivery and the ways in which communities at the local level are affected by it. At present it appears to be beyond the remit of auditors to investigate the validity of the protests which erupt in communities in response to poor service delivery or whether the members of communities and other affected stakeholders are satisfied or dissatisfied with the manner in which services are rendered by their municipalities. Consequently, those who are tasked with the making of decisions in municipalities act upon the recommendations which are made in their audit outcomes and formulate plans in relation to service delivery or projects which do not necessarily accord with the needs of the communities which they are intended to serve. Consequently, on the basis of the findings of this study, it is proposed that assessments of the performance of organisations should incorporate non-financial indicators into the auditing process. Adopting this approach would minimise incidences of municipalities receiving clean audit outcomes while the members of the communities which they serve take to the streets to express their anger and frustration as a result of poor service delivery.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Mashalaba, Bongiwe
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Municipal finance -- South Africa -- Auditing Auditing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Finance, Public -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4638 , vital:28471
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the concept of clean audit reports in relation to service delivery. The study was conducted in the Amathole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province and centred on the audit outcome of the municipality for the 2013/2014 financial year. A qualitative research design was adopted in order to conduct the study and the data was collected through the conducting of semi-structured interviews. The research sample comprised officers who were employed by the Amathole District Municipality and one manager from the office of the Auditor-General. The key findings of the study revealed that, at present, the concept of a clean audit outcome is used by municipal officers to imply that the performance of an organisation is to be assessed mainly on the basis of evidence which is provided by financial indicators, to the exclusion of non-financial benchmarks. This assumption tends to encourage municipal officers to strive towards impressing auditors, rather than serving their communities through the providing of adequate service delivery. In addition, the auditing of municipalities does not assess their performance in relation to service delivery and the ways in which communities at the local level are affected by it. At present it appears to be beyond the remit of auditors to investigate the validity of the protests which erupt in communities in response to poor service delivery or whether the members of communities and other affected stakeholders are satisfied or dissatisfied with the manner in which services are rendered by their municipalities. Consequently, those who are tasked with the making of decisions in municipalities act upon the recommendations which are made in their audit outcomes and formulate plans in relation to service delivery or projects which do not necessarily accord with the needs of the communities which they are intended to serve. Consequently, on the basis of the findings of this study, it is proposed that assessments of the performance of organisations should incorporate non-financial indicators into the auditing process. Adopting this approach would minimise incidences of municipalities receiving clean audit outcomes while the members of the communities which they serve take to the streets to express their anger and frustration as a result of poor service delivery.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An assessment of the strategies for implementing inclusive education in teacher education in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Makiwa, Ellen
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Inclusive education -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5025 , vital:29013
- Description: Inclusive education has become a global trend in the 21st century and is seen as a way of addressing barriers to learning for children with diverse backgrounds, needs, abilities and learning styles. The key to the success of the implementation of inclusive education lies in teacher education as this is where teachers are trained. Teacher education is thus expected to equip pre-service teacher trainees with relevant and effective strategies to enable them to implement inclusive education effectively in the schools in response to learner diversity. This study therefore focused on assessing the strategies for implementing inclusive education that teacher educators equip their pre-service trainees with in the primary teacher training colleges in Zimbabwe. The research was grounded in the pragmatist paradigm and the mixed method approach was employed. Data were collected from two primary teacher training colleges in Zimbabwe and in primary schools in the Harare Metropolitan Province. The participants were lecturers (teacher educators), pre-service trainees in the final phase of the course and qualified teachers who trained with the two colleges and are teaching in the Mbare-Hatfield District of the Harare Metropolitan Province. The study found out that most of the lecturers, pre-service teacher trainees and qualified teachers knew about inclusive education although some had a narrow view of the extent to which learner diversity entails. Therefore, this could affect the way these educators perceive inclusive teaching strategies in the implementation of inclusive education. The main finding was that the teaching strategies that pre-service trainees were equipped with were not quite effective for inclusive classrooms. The study also unveiled that lecturers in the primary teacher training colleges were aware of different teaching strategies with which pre-service trainees can be equipped and exposed to in order for effective teaching and learning to take place. They, however, did not differentiate between those strategies for regular classes and those for inclusive ones. Although the lecturers were aware of inclusive teaching strategies, they did not do much to equip their trainees with these due to challenges which include lack of coordinated programmes in lecturing in the different subject areas; lack of integration in topics taught in the different subject areas; loaded timetables in the teacher education curriculum; the nature of the teacher education curriculum which is not flexible as it focuses on examinations; inadequate resources and high lecturer-student ratio in the colleges; and high teacher-pupil ratio in the primary schools where the pre-service trainees do their teaching practice. The researcher made some recommendations from the conclusions drawn from the research findings. The recommendations included that there is need for adequate teacher preparation and training to enable teachers to be flexible, accommodative and reflective in their practice in terms of employing teaching strategies. The researcher also recommended a review of the primary teacher education curriculum in its entirety to accommodate fully the teaching of inclusive education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Makiwa, Ellen
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Inclusive education -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5025 , vital:29013
- Description: Inclusive education has become a global trend in the 21st century and is seen as a way of addressing barriers to learning for children with diverse backgrounds, needs, abilities and learning styles. The key to the success of the implementation of inclusive education lies in teacher education as this is where teachers are trained. Teacher education is thus expected to equip pre-service teacher trainees with relevant and effective strategies to enable them to implement inclusive education effectively in the schools in response to learner diversity. This study therefore focused on assessing the strategies for implementing inclusive education that teacher educators equip their pre-service trainees with in the primary teacher training colleges in Zimbabwe. The research was grounded in the pragmatist paradigm and the mixed method approach was employed. Data were collected from two primary teacher training colleges in Zimbabwe and in primary schools in the Harare Metropolitan Province. The participants were lecturers (teacher educators), pre-service trainees in the final phase of the course and qualified teachers who trained with the two colleges and are teaching in the Mbare-Hatfield District of the Harare Metropolitan Province. The study found out that most of the lecturers, pre-service teacher trainees and qualified teachers knew about inclusive education although some had a narrow view of the extent to which learner diversity entails. Therefore, this could affect the way these educators perceive inclusive teaching strategies in the implementation of inclusive education. The main finding was that the teaching strategies that pre-service trainees were equipped with were not quite effective for inclusive classrooms. The study also unveiled that lecturers in the primary teacher training colleges were aware of different teaching strategies with which pre-service trainees can be equipped and exposed to in order for effective teaching and learning to take place. They, however, did not differentiate between those strategies for regular classes and those for inclusive ones. Although the lecturers were aware of inclusive teaching strategies, they did not do much to equip their trainees with these due to challenges which include lack of coordinated programmes in lecturing in the different subject areas; lack of integration in topics taught in the different subject areas; loaded timetables in the teacher education curriculum; the nature of the teacher education curriculum which is not flexible as it focuses on examinations; inadequate resources and high lecturer-student ratio in the colleges; and high teacher-pupil ratio in the primary schools where the pre-service trainees do their teaching practice. The researcher made some recommendations from the conclusions drawn from the research findings. The recommendations included that there is need for adequate teacher preparation and training to enable teachers to be flexible, accommodative and reflective in their practice in terms of employing teaching strategies. The researcher also recommended a review of the primary teacher education curriculum in its entirety to accommodate fully the teaching of inclusive education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An energy, water and disease disaster management module: a technoeconomic feasibility analysis
- Authors: Nicholson, Thomas J
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSC
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65167 , vital:28700
- Description: Intermittent energy and water supply are current challenges faced by many residents in South Africa. South Africa is one of the more water scarce countries in the world; this coupled with the lack of infrastructure makes it challenging to provide every citizen with their right to basic water and sanitation. With millennium development goal 7C not being addressed in many areas, residents experience sub-standard living conditions, which drastically increases the vulnerability of marginalised groups to epidemics. In the sustainable development goals improving sanitation and drinking water has been identified as one of the most effective and least expensive means of reducing fatalities and increasing public health. There is a need for a mobile laboratory that demonstrates power and water self-sufficiency, which is capable of on-site diagnosis and water treatment. The unit will have the ability to perform independent compliance monitoring of municipal water supply, treat inadequate water and provide surplus electricity to surrounding areas. A literature-based study was performed utilizing several scientific databases to identify current methods of power and water production in previous disaster management and humanitarian relief situations. Based on findings three example laboratories were theoretically designed; structural modelling, systems simulation and optimization and sensitivity analyses were performed with HOMER Pro, PackVol and SketchUp. A cost benefit analysis was performed with the social return on investment methodology. Novel human waste processing was performed with fly ash and simulated faeces. Bacterial species identification in ice samples was performed with the API 20E protocol and limited equipment as a proof of concept for field deployment. A hybrid system consisting of PV panels, a wind turbine and biomass generator showed promise for displaced humanitarian relief camps; with every 1 ZAR capital invested resulting in 3.13 ZAR social benefit. A system consisting of PV panels and a battery bank proved to have the least environmental impact and the grid supply laboratory showed a cheaper cost of energy alternative for needs provision. Fly ash showed potential as in nutrient recovery and as a fertility aid to soil. The units developed function as a means to increase disaster preparedness and humanitarian relief as well a means to improve quality of life for rural marginalize populations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Nicholson, Thomas J
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSC
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65167 , vital:28700
- Description: Intermittent energy and water supply are current challenges faced by many residents in South Africa. South Africa is one of the more water scarce countries in the world; this coupled with the lack of infrastructure makes it challenging to provide every citizen with their right to basic water and sanitation. With millennium development goal 7C not being addressed in many areas, residents experience sub-standard living conditions, which drastically increases the vulnerability of marginalised groups to epidemics. In the sustainable development goals improving sanitation and drinking water has been identified as one of the most effective and least expensive means of reducing fatalities and increasing public health. There is a need for a mobile laboratory that demonstrates power and water self-sufficiency, which is capable of on-site diagnosis and water treatment. The unit will have the ability to perform independent compliance monitoring of municipal water supply, treat inadequate water and provide surplus electricity to surrounding areas. A literature-based study was performed utilizing several scientific databases to identify current methods of power and water production in previous disaster management and humanitarian relief situations. Based on findings three example laboratories were theoretically designed; structural modelling, systems simulation and optimization and sensitivity analyses were performed with HOMER Pro, PackVol and SketchUp. A cost benefit analysis was performed with the social return on investment methodology. Novel human waste processing was performed with fly ash and simulated faeces. Bacterial species identification in ice samples was performed with the API 20E protocol and limited equipment as a proof of concept for field deployment. A hybrid system consisting of PV panels, a wind turbine and biomass generator showed promise for displaced humanitarian relief camps; with every 1 ZAR capital invested resulting in 3.13 ZAR social benefit. A system consisting of PV panels and a battery bank proved to have the least environmental impact and the grid supply laboratory showed a cheaper cost of energy alternative for needs provision. Fly ash showed potential as in nutrient recovery and as a fertility aid to soil. The units developed function as a means to increase disaster preparedness and humanitarian relief as well a means to improve quality of life for rural marginalize populations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An evaluation and estimation of risk factors associated with cholera : case study of registered patients in Raymond Mhlaba local municipality, South Africa
- Authors: Osuji, Georgeleen O
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Cholera -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Risk assessment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15562 , vital:40459
- Description: Background: Cholera is an acute infectious disease of the small intestine caused by the bacterium called Vibrio cholerae, which has two serogroups01and 0139which is also known as choleragenic V. cholerae. This disease is characterized by profuse watery diarrhoea and severe dehydration which can lead to death of both adult and children if treatment is not promptly given. Cholera is spread through ingestion of V. cholera contaminated water and food. Cholera has displayed global presence more than seven times and caused tremendous disaster to humankind. Method: This was a retrospective study among patients with cholera within the period of ten years (2005 to 2015) and the total number of patients was 106. The target population for this study were patients at Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality who attended Victoria hospital and were diagnosed with Vibrio cholerae species with respect to sources of water and non-water sources during the mentioned period. A multivariate Logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors of cholera and comparison was made in the treatment of cholera outcomes for factors which were statistically significant at P < 0.05. Results: The median age was 24.5 (IQR: 7.0-44.8) for all respondents with cholera. Patients within the age range of 26-40 and 41-55 were found to have a higher risk of cholera (2.20, 95percent CI: 1.51, 4.22) and (1.13, 95percent CI: 0.61, 2.01) respectively. The risk of cholera was considerably higher among the black race (2.51, 95percent CI: 1.52, 4.31) compared to the coloured (1.33, 95percent CI: 0.75, 3.713). Patients who used source of water supply from carrier/Tanker and Dam/River had higher increased risk of contracting cholera (1.71, 95percent CI: 0.92, 3.62) and (2.61, 95percent CI: 1.38, 4.25) respectively compared to patients that used other sources of water. Home, party and restaurant as places patients had eaten 24 hours earlier before the onset of cholera were associated with increased risk of severe cholera. Patients who shared toilet facilities had increased risk of cholera (0.91, 95percent CI: 0.47, 1.62) compared to the ones who used private toilet. Those patients who did not practice hand washing had an increased risk of contracting cholera (1.45, 95percent CI: 0.88, 2.12) compared to the ones who washed their hands. When Logistic regression was carried out, the following risk factors were found to be statistically significant in causing cholera at 5percent significance level; Age ( 26-40), gender, level of education, marital status, sources of water supply, place eaten in the last 24 hours before onset of cholera, type of toilet used and hand washing. Conclusion: Improvement in level of education, sources of water supply, place of last eaten before cholera sickness, toilet facilities, hand washing practices are key risk factors for cholera disease and hospitalization among patients in Raymond Mhlaba local Municipality, Eastern Cape. The strong association between water and sanitation highlights the need for a more thorough assessment of potential waterborne exposures and the risk faced by family members suffering from cholera infection cases and may warrant renewed research regarding the use of targeted chemoprophylaxis in endemic rural settings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Osuji, Georgeleen O
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Cholera -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Risk assessment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15562 , vital:40459
- Description: Background: Cholera is an acute infectious disease of the small intestine caused by the bacterium called Vibrio cholerae, which has two serogroups01and 0139which is also known as choleragenic V. cholerae. This disease is characterized by profuse watery diarrhoea and severe dehydration which can lead to death of both adult and children if treatment is not promptly given. Cholera is spread through ingestion of V. cholera contaminated water and food. Cholera has displayed global presence more than seven times and caused tremendous disaster to humankind. Method: This was a retrospective study among patients with cholera within the period of ten years (2005 to 2015) and the total number of patients was 106. The target population for this study were patients at Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality who attended Victoria hospital and were diagnosed with Vibrio cholerae species with respect to sources of water and non-water sources during the mentioned period. A multivariate Logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors of cholera and comparison was made in the treatment of cholera outcomes for factors which were statistically significant at P < 0.05. Results: The median age was 24.5 (IQR: 7.0-44.8) for all respondents with cholera. Patients within the age range of 26-40 and 41-55 were found to have a higher risk of cholera (2.20, 95percent CI: 1.51, 4.22) and (1.13, 95percent CI: 0.61, 2.01) respectively. The risk of cholera was considerably higher among the black race (2.51, 95percent CI: 1.52, 4.31) compared to the coloured (1.33, 95percent CI: 0.75, 3.713). Patients who used source of water supply from carrier/Tanker and Dam/River had higher increased risk of contracting cholera (1.71, 95percent CI: 0.92, 3.62) and (2.61, 95percent CI: 1.38, 4.25) respectively compared to patients that used other sources of water. Home, party and restaurant as places patients had eaten 24 hours earlier before the onset of cholera were associated with increased risk of severe cholera. Patients who shared toilet facilities had increased risk of cholera (0.91, 95percent CI: 0.47, 1.62) compared to the ones who used private toilet. Those patients who did not practice hand washing had an increased risk of contracting cholera (1.45, 95percent CI: 0.88, 2.12) compared to the ones who washed their hands. When Logistic regression was carried out, the following risk factors were found to be statistically significant in causing cholera at 5percent significance level; Age ( 26-40), gender, level of education, marital status, sources of water supply, place eaten in the last 24 hours before onset of cholera, type of toilet used and hand washing. Conclusion: Improvement in level of education, sources of water supply, place of last eaten before cholera sickness, toilet facilities, hand washing practices are key risk factors for cholera disease and hospitalization among patients in Raymond Mhlaba local Municipality, Eastern Cape. The strong association between water and sanitation highlights the need for a more thorough assessment of potential waterborne exposures and the risk faced by family members suffering from cholera infection cases and may warrant renewed research regarding the use of targeted chemoprophylaxis in endemic rural settings.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017