The memory altar
- Alexander-McKenna, Hilary Jane
- Authors: Alexander-McKenna, Hilary Jane
- Date: 2022-04-07
- Subjects: Creative writing (Higher education) South Africa , Diaries -- Authorship , South African fiction (English) 21st century , South African essays (English) 21st century , South African essays (English) History and criticism , South African fiction (English) History and criticism , Yuknavitch, Lidia Criticism and interpretation , American fiction Criticism and interpretation , COVID-19 (Disease) in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263533 , vital:53636
- Description: My thesis is a novella that casts a sideways glance at the real world that at times seems stranger than fiction. The novella is written as a work of realistic fiction, with a plot, characters, timelines and location placed in present time, reflecting real current events. My work is strongly influenced by writers such as Ivan Vladislavić whose Portrait with Keys uses a slice of life narrative voice that observes overlays of public and private realities; Marguerite Duras’ use of cinematic storytelling and deeply personal exposure in The Lover and Yann Andréa Steiner; Kate Zambreno’s depiction of inner chaos against the chaos of an anonymous city in Green Girl; Otessa Moshfegh who makes the minutiae of the day-to-day seem significant in My Year of Rest and Relaxation; and Samuel Beckett’s finely crafted streams of consciousness, in his works of prose and drama, revealing the intimate perspectives of insiders. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Languages and Literatures, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04-07
- Authors: Alexander-McKenna, Hilary Jane
- Date: 2022-04-07
- Subjects: Creative writing (Higher education) South Africa , Diaries -- Authorship , South African fiction (English) 21st century , South African essays (English) 21st century , South African essays (English) History and criticism , South African fiction (English) History and criticism , Yuknavitch, Lidia Criticism and interpretation , American fiction Criticism and interpretation , COVID-19 (Disease) in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/263533 , vital:53636
- Description: My thesis is a novella that casts a sideways glance at the real world that at times seems stranger than fiction. The novella is written as a work of realistic fiction, with a plot, characters, timelines and location placed in present time, reflecting real current events. My work is strongly influenced by writers such as Ivan Vladislavić whose Portrait with Keys uses a slice of life narrative voice that observes overlays of public and private realities; Marguerite Duras’ use of cinematic storytelling and deeply personal exposure in The Lover and Yann Andréa Steiner; Kate Zambreno’s depiction of inner chaos against the chaos of an anonymous city in Green Girl; Otessa Moshfegh who makes the minutiae of the day-to-day seem significant in My Year of Rest and Relaxation; and Samuel Beckett’s finely crafted streams of consciousness, in his works of prose and drama, revealing the intimate perspectives of insiders. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Languages and Literatures, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04-07
An inquiry into how Inter Press Service Africa makes alternative news from the Global South
- Authors: Chiwota, Elijah
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Inter Press Service. Regional Centre for Africa , Workshop on the New World Information and Communication Order (1980 : Geneva, Switzerland) , Sustainable Development Goals Fund , Mass media Political aspects , Radicalism and the press , Mass media and globalization , Hegemony Political aspects , Counter hegemony
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192203 , vital:45205
- Description: An inquiry into how Inter Press Service (IPS) Africa makes alternative news from the Global South, is a study of a news agency that seeks to reverse the flows of information which predominantly comes from the Global North and by doing so carries the interests of the Global North (Boyd-Barrett, 2003). IPS was founded in 1964 by an international co-operative of journalists in the aftermath of the Cuban Revolution. At the same time, struggles for decolonization were at their peak in Africa and Asia. IPS promotes journalism for South-South co-operation and horizontal communication -- ideas that coincidentally found resonance in the debates for the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) that took place under the auspices of the United Nations Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1980 (MacBride, 1980). As a regional centre of the IPS and a news agency of the Global South, IPS Africa is an alternative to international news agencies whose reports on Africa are characterised by representations of the other with a narrow focus on natural disasters, poverty, disease, and conflict. To counter this, IPS Africa developed alternative ways of news making from the Global South that focuses on highlighting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as one of the strategies to end poverty and promote sustainable development and to recognize the centrality of global partnerships for sustainable development. IPS African stories are written by local journalists who are familiar with the context under which they report. These stories can be described using the lenses of radical media content. IPS Africa is a not-for-profit news agency that makes news based on its organizational themes. Some of the stories emanate from reporters and editors who investigate development issues in their communities and link these to global events and developments. The study draws on Atton (2001) model of alternative and radical media to identify characteristics that include radical content and news values. A social realist approach is used in the study and the qualitative methods used are the analysis of documents, in-depth interviews, and textual analysis. The findings conclude that although a non-profit, IPS Africa can be described as a hybrid media organization in that it is a traditional news agency, with a management structure with board members, who contract freelance journalists to write copy. However, more meaning is found in the radical content of its stories. Despite being firmly rooted in its mission of “telling Africa’s untold stories,” the news agency has insufficient human and financial resources. Consequently, it faces sustainability and viability problems because of its over-reliance on external support through donor funds. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Journalsim and Media Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
- Authors: Chiwota, Elijah
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Inter Press Service. Regional Centre for Africa , Workshop on the New World Information and Communication Order (1980 : Geneva, Switzerland) , Sustainable Development Goals Fund , Mass media Political aspects , Radicalism and the press , Mass media and globalization , Hegemony Political aspects , Counter hegemony
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192203 , vital:45205
- Description: An inquiry into how Inter Press Service (IPS) Africa makes alternative news from the Global South, is a study of a news agency that seeks to reverse the flows of information which predominantly comes from the Global North and by doing so carries the interests of the Global North (Boyd-Barrett, 2003). IPS was founded in 1964 by an international co-operative of journalists in the aftermath of the Cuban Revolution. At the same time, struggles for decolonization were at their peak in Africa and Asia. IPS promotes journalism for South-South co-operation and horizontal communication -- ideas that coincidentally found resonance in the debates for the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) that took place under the auspices of the United Nations Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1980 (MacBride, 1980). As a regional centre of the IPS and a news agency of the Global South, IPS Africa is an alternative to international news agencies whose reports on Africa are characterised by representations of the other with a narrow focus on natural disasters, poverty, disease, and conflict. To counter this, IPS Africa developed alternative ways of news making from the Global South that focuses on highlighting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as one of the strategies to end poverty and promote sustainable development and to recognize the centrality of global partnerships for sustainable development. IPS African stories are written by local journalists who are familiar with the context under which they report. These stories can be described using the lenses of radical media content. IPS Africa is a not-for-profit news agency that makes news based on its organizational themes. Some of the stories emanate from reporters and editors who investigate development issues in their communities and link these to global events and developments. The study draws on Atton (2001) model of alternative and radical media to identify characteristics that include radical content and news values. A social realist approach is used in the study and the qualitative methods used are the analysis of documents, in-depth interviews, and textual analysis. The findings conclude that although a non-profit, IPS Africa can be described as a hybrid media organization in that it is a traditional news agency, with a management structure with board members, who contract freelance journalists to write copy. However, more meaning is found in the radical content of its stories. Despite being firmly rooted in its mission of “telling Africa’s untold stories,” the news agency has insufficient human and financial resources. Consequently, it faces sustainability and viability problems because of its over-reliance on external support through donor funds. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Journalsim and Media Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Knowledge and attitude towards mastitis, culling and mortality among dairy farmworkers, and factors associated with culling and mortality among dairy cattle in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Diniso, Yanga Simamkele
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Food security , Dairying--Economic aspects , Milking
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20686 , vital:46425
- Description: Globally, food security is under threat from escalating population growth, new variants of diseases, climate change and livestock loss. Africa is vulnerable to food insecurity, with majority of the estimated 800 million suffering from hunger based in Africa. Intensification of production is a common strategy to counter the increasing demand for nutritional food to maintain and improve food security. The dairy industry is one of the leading agriculture sectors that has adopted intensification of production. The current study had two specific objectives; the first objective was to evaluate the dairy farmworkers’ knowledge and attitude towards mastitis, culling, and mortality in the southern part of the Eastern Cape Province. The data was collected from 106 dairy farm workers of different farm hierarchy in 5 out of 6 districts using questionnaire. In cases whereby a majority correctly answered a question, a point was awarded and a zero for incorrectly answered questions by the majority. A less than 50 percent pass rate was considered a poor level of knowledge, 51-69 percent pass rate was considered an average level of knowledge, and anything higher than that considered a good level of knowledge. The majority of the participants (64.2 percent) indicated that they consume unpasteurised milk even though they know its risks. There was no association (P>0.05) between workplace position, educational level, work experience, and consumption of unpasteurised milk. This study found that participants had a deficient level of knowledge of mastitis causing pathogens by attaining a pass mark of 1.60 out of a possible 10 (16 percent), and educational level was significantly associated with knowledge of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus spp. However, the participants (64.9 percent) showed good knowledge of clinical signs of mastitis, and this was attributed to the regular mastitis detection with California Mastitis Test (CMT, 60.4 percent) and a strip cup (83.0 percent). The participants had varying perceptions and limited knowledge (28.3 percent pass rate) about the major contributing factors of culling and mortality. The lack of dairy training courses and minimal use of other sources of information such as the internet might contribute to this poor knowledge and perceptions. The second objective involved identifying and describing the factors responsible for culling and mortality in dairy farms in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. The factors were grouped into seven (7) major factors namely lameness and poor growth (2.33 percent), reproduction problems (35.86 percent), health factors (6.72 percent), production factors (7.11 percent), udder-related factors (3.42 percent), voluntary culls (4.86 percent) and miscellaneous factors (26.03 percent). The most frequent reason for culling dairy cows was reproduction problems which was mainly made up of infertility (7.9 percent), reproductive failure (89.9 percent), and dystocia (1 percent). Miscellaneous factors which mainly consisted of indigenous breeds (8.2 percent), and age (2.7 percent) accounted for the second most prevalent factors for the culling of dairy cows. All the farms recorded stock-theft as part of involuntary culling and accounted for 3.6 percent dairy cows that were culled. Poor milk yield and health-related factors such as red-water (33.8 percent), milk-fever (23.3 percent), and heart-water (6.8 percent) were amongst the major factors responsible for the culling of dairy cows. There were 1774 (13.67 percent) dairy cows that died in the study farms from 2015 to 2019 and causes of death were not specified except for drowning (0.01 percent) and snake bite (1 percent). This study exposed a gap in knowledge about the causes of mastitis, culling and mortality among dairy farmworkers in the southern part of the Eastern Cape Province. Furthermore, this study provided with a baseline information on the leading causes of culling and mortality. There is a need for further research on strategies of enhancing the knowledge of dairy farmworkers about pathogens of mastitis and specific causes of culling and mortality to mitigate the challenge they pose to food security. , Thesis (MSc) (Animal Science) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Diniso, Yanga Simamkele
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Food security , Dairying--Economic aspects , Milking
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20686 , vital:46425
- Description: Globally, food security is under threat from escalating population growth, new variants of diseases, climate change and livestock loss. Africa is vulnerable to food insecurity, with majority of the estimated 800 million suffering from hunger based in Africa. Intensification of production is a common strategy to counter the increasing demand for nutritional food to maintain and improve food security. The dairy industry is one of the leading agriculture sectors that has adopted intensification of production. The current study had two specific objectives; the first objective was to evaluate the dairy farmworkers’ knowledge and attitude towards mastitis, culling, and mortality in the southern part of the Eastern Cape Province. The data was collected from 106 dairy farm workers of different farm hierarchy in 5 out of 6 districts using questionnaire. In cases whereby a majority correctly answered a question, a point was awarded and a zero for incorrectly answered questions by the majority. A less than 50 percent pass rate was considered a poor level of knowledge, 51-69 percent pass rate was considered an average level of knowledge, and anything higher than that considered a good level of knowledge. The majority of the participants (64.2 percent) indicated that they consume unpasteurised milk even though they know its risks. There was no association (P>0.05) between workplace position, educational level, work experience, and consumption of unpasteurised milk. This study found that participants had a deficient level of knowledge of mastitis causing pathogens by attaining a pass mark of 1.60 out of a possible 10 (16 percent), and educational level was significantly associated with knowledge of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus spp. However, the participants (64.9 percent) showed good knowledge of clinical signs of mastitis, and this was attributed to the regular mastitis detection with California Mastitis Test (CMT, 60.4 percent) and a strip cup (83.0 percent). The participants had varying perceptions and limited knowledge (28.3 percent pass rate) about the major contributing factors of culling and mortality. The lack of dairy training courses and minimal use of other sources of information such as the internet might contribute to this poor knowledge and perceptions. The second objective involved identifying and describing the factors responsible for culling and mortality in dairy farms in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. The factors were grouped into seven (7) major factors namely lameness and poor growth (2.33 percent), reproduction problems (35.86 percent), health factors (6.72 percent), production factors (7.11 percent), udder-related factors (3.42 percent), voluntary culls (4.86 percent) and miscellaneous factors (26.03 percent). The most frequent reason for culling dairy cows was reproduction problems which was mainly made up of infertility (7.9 percent), reproductive failure (89.9 percent), and dystocia (1 percent). Miscellaneous factors which mainly consisted of indigenous breeds (8.2 percent), and age (2.7 percent) accounted for the second most prevalent factors for the culling of dairy cows. All the farms recorded stock-theft as part of involuntary culling and accounted for 3.6 percent dairy cows that were culled. Poor milk yield and health-related factors such as red-water (33.8 percent), milk-fever (23.3 percent), and heart-water (6.8 percent) were amongst the major factors responsible for the culling of dairy cows. There were 1774 (13.67 percent) dairy cows that died in the study farms from 2015 to 2019 and causes of death were not specified except for drowning (0.01 percent) and snake bite (1 percent). This study exposed a gap in knowledge about the causes of mastitis, culling and mortality among dairy farmworkers in the southern part of the Eastern Cape Province. Furthermore, this study provided with a baseline information on the leading causes of culling and mortality. There is a need for further research on strategies of enhancing the knowledge of dairy farmworkers about pathogens of mastitis and specific causes of culling and mortality to mitigate the challenge they pose to food security. , Thesis (MSc) (Animal Science) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
Evaluation of medicinal potential of Boophone disticha (L.f.) Herb. used by the indigenous people in the Raymond Mhlaba Municipality Eastern Cape
- Authors: Gwayi, Yamkela
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Bulbs (Plants) , Bulbs (Plant anatomy)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20612 , vital:46375
- Description: Boophone disticha (L.f.) Herb. is a bulbous plant native to southern African areas of the continent and spreads to tropical Africa. The plant has been noted in literature for its high toxicity and has a long lineage of its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Due to high demand in the conventional trade market, the plant's conservation status has been shown to be declining. The plant has been reported to cause human poisoning, which can lead to death, but the plant is still administered by an indigenous community to treat various diseases. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of B. disticha used by the people of Raymond Mhlaba municipality to show and verify its use in traditional medicine and how it can be used as a possible drug ingredient. This study was also set out to investigate the anti-mycobacterial activity of the plant for the first time for the B. disticha growing in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa. The phytochemical analysis of B. disticha was carried out on four different plant parts (i.e., roots, leaves, bulb inner and outer scales) and the plant was extracted using methanol and distilled water. The qualitative phytochemical analysis displayed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenols and alkaloids in all plant parts for both extraction solvents. Anthraquinones were absent in all the plant extracts. The detected phytochemicals (tannins, flavonoids, phenols and alkaloids) were quantified. The roots had the highest phytochemical content for methanol extract for each phytochemical tested [439.67±1.53 mg/g (QE) flavonoids, 2414.67±1.53 mg/g (GAE) phenols and 527.33±2.08 mg/g (GAE) alkaloids] compared to all the plant parts. Methanol extracts from B. disticha revealed highest phenolic contents (2414.67±1.53 mg/g GAE) for the roots, 1395.33±2.52 mg/g (GAE) for the bulb inner scales, 1560±1 mg/g (GAE) for the leaves and 1550.7±18.9 mg/g (GAE) for the bulb outer scales). The total flavonoid content of the bulb outer scales aqueous extract was not detected. The presence of significant amounts of phytochemical compounds indicates that B. disticha has a higher medicinal value and can be extensively investigated to extract bioactive ingredients that are useful to the society, and that could be sold for higher production than using synthetic drugs with side effects. The antimicrobial activity of B. disticha extracts (methanol and distilled water) was evaluated using micro-dilution bioassay in 96-well micro-plates against nine disease-causing bacterial strains (5 Gram-negative and 4 Gram-positive) and three fungal isolates. The results revealed that methanol and aqueous extract of B. disticha demonstrated very good activity, with Gram-positive strains being more sensitive than Gram-negative ones. Boophone disticha aqueous extracts displayed the best activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.39 to 0.78 mg/ml. The methanolic extract of B. disticha leaves and outer scales of bulb displayed good activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae at MIC 0.78 mg/ml. The methanolic extract of B. disticha bulb outer scales also displayed good inhibition against Proteus vulgaris at MIC 0.78 mg/ml, with the root extract exhibiting activity against Shigella flexineri (MIC value of 0.078 mg/ml). Concerning antifungal activity, B. disticha extracts showed very poor inhibition properties against the fungal isolates. Anti-mycobacterium potential of B. disticha extracts (methanol and distilled water) was evaluated using micro-dilution bioassay in 96-well microtiter plates. The plant parts tested were the roots, bulb inner scales, leaves and the bulb outer scales. The highest activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis was observed with the root methanol extract at MIC 0.78 mg/ml. The anti-inflammatory properties of B. disticha were investigated using the 5-lypoxygenase (5- LOX) assay. The overall anti-inflammatory activity results for the B. disticha extracts were poor; at low concentrations, the plant displayed negative results. The leaves methanol extracts did show little activity at 0.4 mg/ml. , Thesis (MSc) (Botany) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Gwayi, Yamkela
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Bulbs (Plants) , Bulbs (Plant anatomy)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20612 , vital:46375
- Description: Boophone disticha (L.f.) Herb. is a bulbous plant native to southern African areas of the continent and spreads to tropical Africa. The plant has been noted in literature for its high toxicity and has a long lineage of its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Due to high demand in the conventional trade market, the plant's conservation status has been shown to be declining. The plant has been reported to cause human poisoning, which can lead to death, but the plant is still administered by an indigenous community to treat various diseases. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of B. disticha used by the people of Raymond Mhlaba municipality to show and verify its use in traditional medicine and how it can be used as a possible drug ingredient. This study was also set out to investigate the anti-mycobacterial activity of the plant for the first time for the B. disticha growing in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa. The phytochemical analysis of B. disticha was carried out on four different plant parts (i.e., roots, leaves, bulb inner and outer scales) and the plant was extracted using methanol and distilled water. The qualitative phytochemical analysis displayed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenols and alkaloids in all plant parts for both extraction solvents. Anthraquinones were absent in all the plant extracts. The detected phytochemicals (tannins, flavonoids, phenols and alkaloids) were quantified. The roots had the highest phytochemical content for methanol extract for each phytochemical tested [439.67±1.53 mg/g (QE) flavonoids, 2414.67±1.53 mg/g (GAE) phenols and 527.33±2.08 mg/g (GAE) alkaloids] compared to all the plant parts. Methanol extracts from B. disticha revealed highest phenolic contents (2414.67±1.53 mg/g GAE) for the roots, 1395.33±2.52 mg/g (GAE) for the bulb inner scales, 1560±1 mg/g (GAE) for the leaves and 1550.7±18.9 mg/g (GAE) for the bulb outer scales). The total flavonoid content of the bulb outer scales aqueous extract was not detected. The presence of significant amounts of phytochemical compounds indicates that B. disticha has a higher medicinal value and can be extensively investigated to extract bioactive ingredients that are useful to the society, and that could be sold for higher production than using synthetic drugs with side effects. The antimicrobial activity of B. disticha extracts (methanol and distilled water) was evaluated using micro-dilution bioassay in 96-well micro-plates against nine disease-causing bacterial strains (5 Gram-negative and 4 Gram-positive) and three fungal isolates. The results revealed that methanol and aqueous extract of B. disticha demonstrated very good activity, with Gram-positive strains being more sensitive than Gram-negative ones. Boophone disticha aqueous extracts displayed the best activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.39 to 0.78 mg/ml. The methanolic extract of B. disticha leaves and outer scales of bulb displayed good activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae at MIC 0.78 mg/ml. The methanolic extract of B. disticha bulb outer scales also displayed good inhibition against Proteus vulgaris at MIC 0.78 mg/ml, with the root extract exhibiting activity against Shigella flexineri (MIC value of 0.078 mg/ml). Concerning antifungal activity, B. disticha extracts showed very poor inhibition properties against the fungal isolates. Anti-mycobacterium potential of B. disticha extracts (methanol and distilled water) was evaluated using micro-dilution bioassay in 96-well microtiter plates. The plant parts tested were the roots, bulb inner scales, leaves and the bulb outer scales. The highest activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis was observed with the root methanol extract at MIC 0.78 mg/ml. The anti-inflammatory properties of B. disticha were investigated using the 5-lypoxygenase (5- LOX) assay. The overall anti-inflammatory activity results for the B. disticha extracts were poor; at low concentrations, the plant displayed negative results. The leaves methanol extracts did show little activity at 0.4 mg/ml. , Thesis (MSc) (Botany) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
Vulnerability assessment of wetland ecosystems to water demand, climate variability and land-use/cover change: The case of Die Vlei wetland, Eastern Cape province, South Africa
- Gwena, Kudzanai Rosebud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1032-8937
- Authors: Gwena, Kudzanai Rosebud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1032-8937
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Water-supply , Climate change mitigation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22688 , vital:52656
- Description: Water scarcity is a major challenge in many different countries, particularly arid and or semi-arid like South Africa. Wetlands are one of the freshwater ecosystems that may assist in alleviating water scarcity because they are valuable not only as a water source for humans but also as an ecosystem of animals and plant species. However, wetlands have been experiencing rapid rates of vulnerability/risk due to alterations by population growth leading to enhanced water demand, climate variability, and human activities leading to land cover/land-use changes. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) are less financially taxing methods useful in studying water scarcity, as shown in this study. The study begins with a literature review presentation based on a desk study from predominantly academic publications and additional municipal and consultancy reports on the wetland ecosystem’s vulnerability/risk and focuses on applying GIS & RS in related studies. After that, the study conducts a vulnerability assessment using the Ramsar Convention’s wetland vulnerability assessment using the theoretical framework stages using GIS and RS technologies. The study hypothesizes that water demand, climate variability, and land-use/cover changes (LULC) are the tri-factor responsible for wetland vulnerability. It begins the assessment by first quantifying wetland water demand using the wetland water budget, ecosystem services and the Penman-Montheith-FAO (ETo) evapotranspiration index. Secondly, objectively representing climate variability on wetland vulnerability using trend analysis to measure rainfall and temperature variability. Thirdly, reconstructing LULC changes from multi-date remotely sensed SPOT imagery over ten years from 2007 to 2017 to identify and monitor impacts of trends. The vulnerability was assessed through a Principle Component Analysis (PCA) that identified relevant variables and Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) to evaluate the wetland’s exposure. The study concludes that there is evidence of a possible increase in water demand whilst climate variability, which is estimated to have a 39% contribution to the wetland dynamics, is characterised by a decrease in precipitation and an increase in temperatures. Lastly, LULC trends showed a marked increase in domestic and commercial farming, and farming has been identified as a wetland stressor of note. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Gwena, Kudzanai Rosebud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1032-8937
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Water-supply , Climate change mitigation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22688 , vital:52656
- Description: Water scarcity is a major challenge in many different countries, particularly arid and or semi-arid like South Africa. Wetlands are one of the freshwater ecosystems that may assist in alleviating water scarcity because they are valuable not only as a water source for humans but also as an ecosystem of animals and plant species. However, wetlands have been experiencing rapid rates of vulnerability/risk due to alterations by population growth leading to enhanced water demand, climate variability, and human activities leading to land cover/land-use changes. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) are less financially taxing methods useful in studying water scarcity, as shown in this study. The study begins with a literature review presentation based on a desk study from predominantly academic publications and additional municipal and consultancy reports on the wetland ecosystem’s vulnerability/risk and focuses on applying GIS & RS in related studies. After that, the study conducts a vulnerability assessment using the Ramsar Convention’s wetland vulnerability assessment using the theoretical framework stages using GIS and RS technologies. The study hypothesizes that water demand, climate variability, and land-use/cover changes (LULC) are the tri-factor responsible for wetland vulnerability. It begins the assessment by first quantifying wetland water demand using the wetland water budget, ecosystem services and the Penman-Montheith-FAO (ETo) evapotranspiration index. Secondly, objectively representing climate variability on wetland vulnerability using trend analysis to measure rainfall and temperature variability. Thirdly, reconstructing LULC changes from multi-date remotely sensed SPOT imagery over ten years from 2007 to 2017 to identify and monitor impacts of trends. The vulnerability was assessed through a Principle Component Analysis (PCA) that identified relevant variables and Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) to evaluate the wetland’s exposure. The study concludes that there is evidence of a possible increase in water demand whilst climate variability, which is estimated to have a 39% contribution to the wetland dynamics, is characterised by a decrease in precipitation and an increase in temperatures. Lastly, LULC trends showed a marked increase in domestic and commercial farming, and farming has been identified as a wetland stressor of note. , Thesis (MPhil) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
Experiences of patients with cancer regarding decentralization of oncology services at a selected tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Jojo, Lumkile
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Cancer -- Nursing
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26907 , vital:66080
- Description: Background: Cancer burden is a global public health concern. It is associated with high morbidities and mortalities worldwide. Over the past decade, there has been a constant increase in the incidence of cancer cases affecting mostly low-income countries and middle- income countries. South Africa as a middle-income country is also affected by this cancer rise. The limited access to oncology services contributed to the late presentation and late diagnosis. In the Eastern Cape, oncology services were previously offered in Port Elizabeth and East London only. Oncology unit was recently opened in Mthatha to decentralize oncology services in the province. The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of patients with cancer regarding decentralization of oncology services at a public tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Objectives were to describe experiences of patients with cancer regarding decentralization of oncology services at a public tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape, and to describe the quality of oncology services provided by a public tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape. Methods: a qualitative research approach with a descriptive, explorative, and contextual design was undertaken in this study, to get the perspective of the oncology healthcare service recipients on the decentralization of oncology services at a public tertiary hospital. An interview guide was used to get experiences of the cancer patients attending oncology clinic. Interviews were conducted to 19 participants on a one-to-one basis. With ethical consideration, all COVID-19 protocols were observed. All interviews were transcribed carefully against their audio-recordings. Field notes were also taken by the researcher on what was heard, observed, thought and experienced during the interview process. The concept of trustworthiness was used to ensure rigour throughout this study. Data was analysed by means of thematic analysis. Data was organized into themes using the Tesch’s approach to open coding in qualitative research. Results: seven themes emerged: 1) experience related to a high level of satisfaction with services provided and desired expectations, 2) waiting time, 3) availability of human and material resources, 4) attitude of health care workers, 5) appropriate treatment and care, 6) access to services, and 7) need for improved infrastructural facilities Many patients had positive experiences about decentralization of oncology services in the province. Most patients were happy about travelling short distances, a smaller number of days, using less money and the time it takes to see a doctor. They also expressed their satisfaction on the quality of oncology services rendered in the unit. The waiting times were acceptable, medicines available and staff had positive attitudes towards the patients. The study revealed that, there were complaints about infrastructure, poor hospital record keeping, and lack of resources. The themes which emanated from the recordings of the study showed that patients with cancer, attending oncology clinic at a public tertiary hospital had positive experiences in this decentralized oncology unit. The services rendered at the facility were of acceptable quality. Staff had positive attitude towards their patients. All patients were seen by the doctors within acceptable waiting time, and they all got their prescribed medication. Access to services was much improved in terms of distance, number of days travelled by patients to access the service and time taken to see the doctor for appointments. Conclusion: The hospital must improve its infrastructure, record keeping, security, and expand the services. Put more focus on cancer awareness programs. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Jojo, Lumkile
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Cancer -- Nursing
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/26907 , vital:66080
- Description: Background: Cancer burden is a global public health concern. It is associated with high morbidities and mortalities worldwide. Over the past decade, there has been a constant increase in the incidence of cancer cases affecting mostly low-income countries and middle- income countries. South Africa as a middle-income country is also affected by this cancer rise. The limited access to oncology services contributed to the late presentation and late diagnosis. In the Eastern Cape, oncology services were previously offered in Port Elizabeth and East London only. Oncology unit was recently opened in Mthatha to decentralize oncology services in the province. The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of patients with cancer regarding decentralization of oncology services at a public tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Objectives were to describe experiences of patients with cancer regarding decentralization of oncology services at a public tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape, and to describe the quality of oncology services provided by a public tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape. Methods: a qualitative research approach with a descriptive, explorative, and contextual design was undertaken in this study, to get the perspective of the oncology healthcare service recipients on the decentralization of oncology services at a public tertiary hospital. An interview guide was used to get experiences of the cancer patients attending oncology clinic. Interviews were conducted to 19 participants on a one-to-one basis. With ethical consideration, all COVID-19 protocols were observed. All interviews were transcribed carefully against their audio-recordings. Field notes were also taken by the researcher on what was heard, observed, thought and experienced during the interview process. The concept of trustworthiness was used to ensure rigour throughout this study. Data was analysed by means of thematic analysis. Data was organized into themes using the Tesch’s approach to open coding in qualitative research. Results: seven themes emerged: 1) experience related to a high level of satisfaction with services provided and desired expectations, 2) waiting time, 3) availability of human and material resources, 4) attitude of health care workers, 5) appropriate treatment and care, 6) access to services, and 7) need for improved infrastructural facilities Many patients had positive experiences about decentralization of oncology services in the province. Most patients were happy about travelling short distances, a smaller number of days, using less money and the time it takes to see a doctor. They also expressed their satisfaction on the quality of oncology services rendered in the unit. The waiting times were acceptable, medicines available and staff had positive attitudes towards the patients. The study revealed that, there were complaints about infrastructure, poor hospital record keeping, and lack of resources. The themes which emanated from the recordings of the study showed that patients with cancer, attending oncology clinic at a public tertiary hospital had positive experiences in this decentralized oncology unit. The services rendered at the facility were of acceptable quality. Staff had positive attitude towards their patients. All patients were seen by the doctors within acceptable waiting time, and they all got their prescribed medication. Access to services was much improved in terms of distance, number of days travelled by patients to access the service and time taken to see the doctor for appointments. Conclusion: The hospital must improve its infrastructure, record keeping, security, and expand the services. Put more focus on cancer awareness programs. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
Experiences of patients with cancer regarding decentralization of oncology services at a selected tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Jojo, Lumkile Wilmot
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Cancer -- Patients , Oncology
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23510 , vital:58074
- Description: Background: Cancer burden is a global public health concern. It is associated with high morbidities and mortalities worldwide. Over the past decade, there has been a constant increase in the incidence of cancer cases affecting mostly low-income countries and middle- income countries. South Africa as a middle-income country is also affected by this cancer rise. The limited access to oncology services contributed to the late presentation and late diagnosis. In the Eastern Cape, oncology services were previously offered in Port Elizabeth and East London only. Oncology unit was recently opened in Mthatha to decentralize oncology services in the province. The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of patients with cancer regarding decentralization of oncology services at a public tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Objectives were to describe experiences of patients with cancer regarding decentralization of oncology services at a public tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape, and to describe the quality of oncology services provided by a public tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape. Methods: a qualitative research approach with a descriptive, explorative, and contextual design was undertaken in this study, to get the perspective of the oncology healthcare service recipients on the decentralization of oncology services at a public tertiary hospital. An interview guide was used to get experiences of the cancer patients attending oncology clinic. Interviews were conducted to 19 participants on a one-to-one basis. With ethical consideration, all COVID-19 protocols were observed. All interviews were transcribed carefully against their audio-recordings. Field notes were also taken by the researcher on what was heard, observed, thought and experienced during the interview process. The concept of trustworthiness was used to ensure rigour throughout this study. Data was analysed by means of thematic analysis. Data was organized into themes using the Tesch’s approach to open coding in qualitative research. Results: seven themes emerged: 1) experience related to a high level of satisfaction with services provided and desired expectations, 2) waiting time, 3) availability of human and material resources, 4) attitude of health care workers, 5) appropriate treatment and care, 6) access to services, and 7) need for improved infrastructural facilities. Many patients had positive experiences about decentralization of oncology services in the province. Most patients were happy about travelling short distances, a smaller number of days, using less money and the time it takes to see a doctor. They also expressed their satisfaction on the quality of oncology services rendered in the unit. The waiting times were acceptable, medicines available and staff had positive attitudes towards the patients. The study revealed that, there were complaints about infrastructure, poor hospital record keeping, and lack of resources. The themes which emanated from the recordings of the study showed that patients with cancer, attending oncology clinic at a public tertiary hospital had positive experiences in this decentralized oncology unit. The services rendered at the facility were of acceptable quality. Staff had positive attitude towards their patients. All patients were seen by the doctors within acceptable waiting time, and they all got their prescribed medication. Access to services was much improved in terms of distance, number of days travelled by patients to access the service and time taken to see the doctor for appointments. Conclusion: The hospital must improve its infrastructure, record keeping, security, and expand the services. Put more focus on cancer awareness programs. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Jojo, Lumkile Wilmot
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Cancer -- Patients , Oncology
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23510 , vital:58074
- Description: Background: Cancer burden is a global public health concern. It is associated with high morbidities and mortalities worldwide. Over the past decade, there has been a constant increase in the incidence of cancer cases affecting mostly low-income countries and middle- income countries. South Africa as a middle-income country is also affected by this cancer rise. The limited access to oncology services contributed to the late presentation and late diagnosis. In the Eastern Cape, oncology services were previously offered in Port Elizabeth and East London only. Oncology unit was recently opened in Mthatha to decentralize oncology services in the province. The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of patients with cancer regarding decentralization of oncology services at a public tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Objectives were to describe experiences of patients with cancer regarding decentralization of oncology services at a public tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape, and to describe the quality of oncology services provided by a public tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape. Methods: a qualitative research approach with a descriptive, explorative, and contextual design was undertaken in this study, to get the perspective of the oncology healthcare service recipients on the decentralization of oncology services at a public tertiary hospital. An interview guide was used to get experiences of the cancer patients attending oncology clinic. Interviews were conducted to 19 participants on a one-to-one basis. With ethical consideration, all COVID-19 protocols were observed. All interviews were transcribed carefully against their audio-recordings. Field notes were also taken by the researcher on what was heard, observed, thought and experienced during the interview process. The concept of trustworthiness was used to ensure rigour throughout this study. Data was analysed by means of thematic analysis. Data was organized into themes using the Tesch’s approach to open coding in qualitative research. Results: seven themes emerged: 1) experience related to a high level of satisfaction with services provided and desired expectations, 2) waiting time, 3) availability of human and material resources, 4) attitude of health care workers, 5) appropriate treatment and care, 6) access to services, and 7) need for improved infrastructural facilities. Many patients had positive experiences about decentralization of oncology services in the province. Most patients were happy about travelling short distances, a smaller number of days, using less money and the time it takes to see a doctor. They also expressed their satisfaction on the quality of oncology services rendered in the unit. The waiting times were acceptable, medicines available and staff had positive attitudes towards the patients. The study revealed that, there were complaints about infrastructure, poor hospital record keeping, and lack of resources. The themes which emanated from the recordings of the study showed that patients with cancer, attending oncology clinic at a public tertiary hospital had positive experiences in this decentralized oncology unit. The services rendered at the facility were of acceptable quality. Staff had positive attitude towards their patients. All patients were seen by the doctors within acceptable waiting time, and they all got their prescribed medication. Access to services was much improved in terms of distance, number of days travelled by patients to access the service and time taken to see the doctor for appointments. Conclusion: The hospital must improve its infrastructure, record keeping, security, and expand the services. Put more focus on cancer awareness programs. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
Exploring how Grade 11 chemistry teachers make use of the periodic table of elements when mediating learning of writing and balancing chemical equations
- Kambeyo, Reginald Ndeshipanda
- Authors: Kambeyo, Reginald Ndeshipanda
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Chemistry Study and teaching (Secondary) Namibia , Periodic table of the elements , Chemical equations Study and teaching (Secondary) Namibia , Chemistry teachers Attitudes Namibia , Pedagogical content knowledge , Topic-Specific Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TSPCK)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191986 , vital:45185
- Description: The periodic table of elements is central to the study of chemistry and other disciplines of science, yet Namibian learners do not perform satisfactorily in topics which require its use in answering questions. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to explore how Grade 11 chemistry teachers make use of the periodic table of elements to mediate the learning of writing and balancing chemical equations. The study was carried out with two chemistry teachers in two rural schools in the northern part of Namibia. It was underpinned by an interpretive paradigm, within which a qualitative case study approach was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews (semi-structured and stimulated recall interviews), observations, and participants’ group reflections. The latter afforded the participants and myself room to reflect and share ideas at the end of the data gathering process. I used Shulman’s Pedagogical Content Knowledge as my theoretical framework in this study and the data sets were analysed using the five Topic-Specific Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TSPCK) components adapted from Mavhunga and Rollnick. The findings revealed that teachers demonstrated positive attitudes towards the use of the periodic table of elements when teaching the writing and balancing of chemical equations. However, challenges regarding inadequate materials that hindered the teaching and learning process were observed. Another finding of this study was that teachers used a variety of mediation tools such as prior knowledge and appropriate representations to enhance learning. However, during lesson observations, the findings revealed that there was an imbalance in the knowledge of using easily accessible resources as opposed to what teachers had indicated during the semi-structured interviews. Nonetheless, teachers’ group reflections influenced them to analyse and improve their lessons. The study thus recommends that there is a need for continuing professional development for chemistry teachers so that teachers can be afforded opportunities and spaces to share subject matter knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge as well as easily accessible resources that they can use to enhance teaching of chemistry in their classrooms. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Education, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
- Authors: Kambeyo, Reginald Ndeshipanda
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Chemistry Study and teaching (Secondary) Namibia , Periodic table of the elements , Chemical equations Study and teaching (Secondary) Namibia , Chemistry teachers Attitudes Namibia , Pedagogical content knowledge , Topic-Specific Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TSPCK)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191986 , vital:45185
- Description: The periodic table of elements is central to the study of chemistry and other disciplines of science, yet Namibian learners do not perform satisfactorily in topics which require its use in answering questions. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to explore how Grade 11 chemistry teachers make use of the periodic table of elements to mediate the learning of writing and balancing chemical equations. The study was carried out with two chemistry teachers in two rural schools in the northern part of Namibia. It was underpinned by an interpretive paradigm, within which a qualitative case study approach was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews (semi-structured and stimulated recall interviews), observations, and participants’ group reflections. The latter afforded the participants and myself room to reflect and share ideas at the end of the data gathering process. I used Shulman’s Pedagogical Content Knowledge as my theoretical framework in this study and the data sets were analysed using the five Topic-Specific Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TSPCK) components adapted from Mavhunga and Rollnick. The findings revealed that teachers demonstrated positive attitudes towards the use of the periodic table of elements when teaching the writing and balancing of chemical equations. However, challenges regarding inadequate materials that hindered the teaching and learning process were observed. Another finding of this study was that teachers used a variety of mediation tools such as prior knowledge and appropriate representations to enhance learning. However, during lesson observations, the findings revealed that there was an imbalance in the knowledge of using easily accessible resources as opposed to what teachers had indicated during the semi-structured interviews. Nonetheless, teachers’ group reflections influenced them to analyse and improve their lessons. The study thus recommends that there is a need for continuing professional development for chemistry teachers so that teachers can be afforded opportunities and spaces to share subject matter knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge as well as easily accessible resources that they can use to enhance teaching of chemistry in their classrooms. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Education, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Effect of grazing systems and age on enteric methane production and performance plus grazing system effect on ruminal fermentation parameters of Nguni and Bonsmara beef cows
- Authors: Kayima, Denis
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Grazing , Pastures--Management , Ruminants--Feeding and feeds
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20583 , vital:46153
- Description: Beef breeds of cattle are predominantly raised through extensive grazing and produce the highest levels of enteric methane (CH4) through ruminal fermentation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of breed, grazing, and age on enteric methane production and performance of beef cows as well as effect of breed and grazing system on ruminal fermentation parameters. Two separate studies were conducted; the first study evaluated the effect of grazing system, breed, and age on ruminal enteric methane production and performance of selected beef breeds. The second study evaluated the effect of the grazing system and breed on ruminal fermentation. In the first study, two breeds (Nguni and Bonsmara) raised under two grazing systems (communal and commercial) in a random complete block design were grouped into 3 age categories. Eighty-four cows aged between 24-120 months were randomly selected and grouped by age: group A (young adult cow, n = 7, 24-48 months old), group B (adult, n = 7, 60-80 months old), and group C (old adult, n = 7, 90-120 months) in either grazing system. Data were collected on methane production per day, body condition, and weight used to estimate dry matter intake (DMI), methane per DMI, and methane per body weight. In the second study, 40 cows of the same age group, parity, and physiological status were used. Ten cows per breed (Bonsmara and Nguni) in either grazing system (communal and commercial) were used in a random complete block design. Rumen fluid collection was done by the stomach tube method. Data were collected on ruminal ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), pH, Temperature, volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Older animals produced higher methane per head in the order of C > B > A; (P<0.0001). Performance parameters like Body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), dry matter intake (DMI), and daily methane were higher (P<0.05) in Bonsmara. However, Methane per BW was higher in Nguni (P<0.05), and methane per DMI did not differ among breeds (P>0.05). Body condition, BW, and DMI were higher (P<0.05) in commercial grazing system. Contrary, daily methane production, methane production per DMI, and methane produced per BW were higher in communal grazing. In the second study, Ruminal NH3-N concentration ranged between 69.05 - 96.78 mg/L and was higher (P<0.05) in Nguni. It was also higher (P<0.05) in the commercial grazing system. Ruminal pH, temperature, total VFAs, and certain individual VFAs (iso-butyrate, valeric and iso-valeric) did not differ (P>0.05) among breeds and grazing systems. However, total VFAs were slightly lower in communal grazing (78.87 mmol/L) than commercial grazing (89.80 mmol/L). Acetate, propionate, butyrate proportions, and acetate to propionate ratio did not differ (P>0.05) among breeds but differed (P<0.05) between grazing systems. Acetate (P<0.05) and acetate to propionate ratio (P<0.05) were higher in the communal grazing system, while the reverse was true for propionate (P<0.05) and butyrate (P<0.05). Bonsmara produced more methane than Nguni under similar conditions, with Nguni uniquely producing more methane per BW, indicating host genetics influence. Communal animals and older animals produced more CH4 than commercial and younger cows regardless of the breed, indicating ruminal inefficiencies in very old cows. These results emphasize the idea that host genetics or breed, grazing system, and age influence methane output and performance. Hence, breeding strategies for hard-to-measure traits like methane production need to put all these factors into consideration. , Thesis (MSc) (Animal Science) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Kayima, Denis
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Grazing , Pastures--Management , Ruminants--Feeding and feeds
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20583 , vital:46153
- Description: Beef breeds of cattle are predominantly raised through extensive grazing and produce the highest levels of enteric methane (CH4) through ruminal fermentation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of breed, grazing, and age on enteric methane production and performance of beef cows as well as effect of breed and grazing system on ruminal fermentation parameters. Two separate studies were conducted; the first study evaluated the effect of grazing system, breed, and age on ruminal enteric methane production and performance of selected beef breeds. The second study evaluated the effect of the grazing system and breed on ruminal fermentation. In the first study, two breeds (Nguni and Bonsmara) raised under two grazing systems (communal and commercial) in a random complete block design were grouped into 3 age categories. Eighty-four cows aged between 24-120 months were randomly selected and grouped by age: group A (young adult cow, n = 7, 24-48 months old), group B (adult, n = 7, 60-80 months old), and group C (old adult, n = 7, 90-120 months) in either grazing system. Data were collected on methane production per day, body condition, and weight used to estimate dry matter intake (DMI), methane per DMI, and methane per body weight. In the second study, 40 cows of the same age group, parity, and physiological status were used. Ten cows per breed (Bonsmara and Nguni) in either grazing system (communal and commercial) were used in a random complete block design. Rumen fluid collection was done by the stomach tube method. Data were collected on ruminal ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), pH, Temperature, volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Older animals produced higher methane per head in the order of C > B > A; (P<0.0001). Performance parameters like Body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), dry matter intake (DMI), and daily methane were higher (P<0.05) in Bonsmara. However, Methane per BW was higher in Nguni (P<0.05), and methane per DMI did not differ among breeds (P>0.05). Body condition, BW, and DMI were higher (P<0.05) in commercial grazing system. Contrary, daily methane production, methane production per DMI, and methane produced per BW were higher in communal grazing. In the second study, Ruminal NH3-N concentration ranged between 69.05 - 96.78 mg/L and was higher (P<0.05) in Nguni. It was also higher (P<0.05) in the commercial grazing system. Ruminal pH, temperature, total VFAs, and certain individual VFAs (iso-butyrate, valeric and iso-valeric) did not differ (P>0.05) among breeds and grazing systems. However, total VFAs were slightly lower in communal grazing (78.87 mmol/L) than commercial grazing (89.80 mmol/L). Acetate, propionate, butyrate proportions, and acetate to propionate ratio did not differ (P>0.05) among breeds but differed (P<0.05) between grazing systems. Acetate (P<0.05) and acetate to propionate ratio (P<0.05) were higher in the communal grazing system, while the reverse was true for propionate (P<0.05) and butyrate (P<0.05). Bonsmara produced more methane than Nguni under similar conditions, with Nguni uniquely producing more methane per BW, indicating host genetics influence. Communal animals and older animals produced more CH4 than commercial and younger cows regardless of the breed, indicating ruminal inefficiencies in very old cows. These results emphasize the idea that host genetics or breed, grazing system, and age influence methane output and performance. Hence, breeding strategies for hard-to-measure traits like methane production need to put all these factors into consideration. , Thesis (MSc) (Animal Science) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
Characterisation of the ultramafic and carbonatite components of the Schiel Alkaline Complex in the Limpopo Province of South Africa
- Authors: Mahomed, Uzayr
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Ultrabasic rocks South Africa Limpopo , Carbonatites South Africa Limpopo , Geology South Africa Limpopo , Mica South Africa Limpopo , Biotite South Africa Limpopo , Magmatism , Schiel Alkaline Complex , Phoscorite , Glimmerite
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/294768 , vital:57253
- Description: Owing to the poor documentation of the phoscorite-carbonatite association present in the Schiel Complex and the associated economic potential of other known phoscorite-bearing complexes, the Schiel Complex is widely thought to have similar economic potential. This complex is often compared to the lucrative Phalaborwa Complex, as it is thought to have crystallised from a common parental melt, with a similar age of emplacement. This study aims to provide clarity on the physical and chemical characterisation of the various rock types present in the Schiel Complex, with this study being the first petrological investigation based on fresh in-situ samples gathered from 3 borehole cores which were drilled by FOSKOR in the 1960s. The sampled sections of the ultramafics from the Schiel Complex are comprised of end-member rock compositions of either magmatic phoscorites or pyroxenites or metasomatic glimmerites, where gradational contacts between these various end-members produce rock varieties that contain characteristics of one or more end-member types. Carbonatite rocks are present as medium-grained, coarse-grained and banded calcio-carbonatite varieties where the carbonatite rocks are proposed as being the metasomatic medium for glimmerite production. Contrary to previous research, the structure of the ultramafic and carbonatite bodies are present as vein and veinlet structures which seem to originate from a single pipe-like body, from which these rock types intruded into the surrounding syenitic country-rock. Metasomatic alteration of the ultramafic sections of the Schiel Complex also show that the carbonatite rocks must have intruded after some ultramafic magmatism. The presence of the same minerals, with similar chemistries, in both the ultramafic and carbonatite rocks as well as similar REE chondrite-normalised plots show that the various rock types may have originated from a common parental magma, where the accumulation and crystallisation of minerals is the most likely factor in producing the various Schiel Complex rock varieties, causing silicate minerals to be present in the carbonate fraction of the magma, and carbonate minerals in the silicate fraction of the magma. Apatite is the expected rare earth element (REE) mineralising mineral in phoscorites, but is shown to be depleted in REE content in the Schiel Complex due to metasomatic fluid infiltration causing the scavenging and dissipation of REEs. These rocks have also crystallised containing no significant copper-bearing mineralisation, contrary to that which is seen in the Phalaborwa Complex. A comparison of mica minerals between the Schiel Complex rocks and the Phalaborwa Complex rocks show that the two complexes have undergone unique emplacement processes and should not be considered as sister complexes. Efforts to date the glimmerite and carbonatite rocks based on zircon grain U/Pb geochronology proved unsuccessful in constraining the current ages of emplacement provided by previous researchers, but rock relationships show that the current accepted sequence of events cannot be correct, providing scope for further research. This study provides an update on the chemical and physical characteristics, based on the only available sample suite of the ultramafic and carbonatite components, of the Schiel Complex, increasing the depth of documentation of these rare rock types and aiding in refuting some conclusions on the genesis, emplacement and evolution of the Schiel Complex proposed by previous research. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Geology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
- Authors: Mahomed, Uzayr
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Ultrabasic rocks South Africa Limpopo , Carbonatites South Africa Limpopo , Geology South Africa Limpopo , Mica South Africa Limpopo , Biotite South Africa Limpopo , Magmatism , Schiel Alkaline Complex , Phoscorite , Glimmerite
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/294768 , vital:57253
- Description: Owing to the poor documentation of the phoscorite-carbonatite association present in the Schiel Complex and the associated economic potential of other known phoscorite-bearing complexes, the Schiel Complex is widely thought to have similar economic potential. This complex is often compared to the lucrative Phalaborwa Complex, as it is thought to have crystallised from a common parental melt, with a similar age of emplacement. This study aims to provide clarity on the physical and chemical characterisation of the various rock types present in the Schiel Complex, with this study being the first petrological investigation based on fresh in-situ samples gathered from 3 borehole cores which were drilled by FOSKOR in the 1960s. The sampled sections of the ultramafics from the Schiel Complex are comprised of end-member rock compositions of either magmatic phoscorites or pyroxenites or metasomatic glimmerites, where gradational contacts between these various end-members produce rock varieties that contain characteristics of one or more end-member types. Carbonatite rocks are present as medium-grained, coarse-grained and banded calcio-carbonatite varieties where the carbonatite rocks are proposed as being the metasomatic medium for glimmerite production. Contrary to previous research, the structure of the ultramafic and carbonatite bodies are present as vein and veinlet structures which seem to originate from a single pipe-like body, from which these rock types intruded into the surrounding syenitic country-rock. Metasomatic alteration of the ultramafic sections of the Schiel Complex also show that the carbonatite rocks must have intruded after some ultramafic magmatism. The presence of the same minerals, with similar chemistries, in both the ultramafic and carbonatite rocks as well as similar REE chondrite-normalised plots show that the various rock types may have originated from a common parental magma, where the accumulation and crystallisation of minerals is the most likely factor in producing the various Schiel Complex rock varieties, causing silicate minerals to be present in the carbonate fraction of the magma, and carbonate minerals in the silicate fraction of the magma. Apatite is the expected rare earth element (REE) mineralising mineral in phoscorites, but is shown to be depleted in REE content in the Schiel Complex due to metasomatic fluid infiltration causing the scavenging and dissipation of REEs. These rocks have also crystallised containing no significant copper-bearing mineralisation, contrary to that which is seen in the Phalaborwa Complex. A comparison of mica minerals between the Schiel Complex rocks and the Phalaborwa Complex rocks show that the two complexes have undergone unique emplacement processes and should not be considered as sister complexes. Efforts to date the glimmerite and carbonatite rocks based on zircon grain U/Pb geochronology proved unsuccessful in constraining the current ages of emplacement provided by previous researchers, but rock relationships show that the current accepted sequence of events cannot be correct, providing scope for further research. This study provides an update on the chemical and physical characteristics, based on the only available sample suite of the ultramafic and carbonatite components, of the Schiel Complex, increasing the depth of documentation of these rare rock types and aiding in refuting some conclusions on the genesis, emplacement and evolution of the Schiel Complex proposed by previous research. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Geology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
The adoption of the twin peaks model in the regulation of South African financial markets : a comparative analysis.
- Marange, Patience https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-4405-2702
- Authors: Marange, Patience https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-4405-2702
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Financial services industry , Financial services industry--Law and legislation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21278 , vital:48175
- Description: Over two decades ago, a number of countries have changed their financial regulatory models. The growing complexity of financial products, the increasing challenge of regulating large financial conglomerates, and the repercussions of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, amongst other factors, have made regulatory reform a key priority for many economies. A move towards the Twin Peaks model of financial regulation has been one of the trends in recent years. This model sees regulation split into two broad functions which are market conduct regulation and prudential regulation. South Africa adopted the Twin Peaks financial regulatory model in 2017 as a way of strengthening its financial regulatory model. By adopting the Twin Peaks model, South Africa has become the eighth and the first developing country to adopt the financial regulatory model. The adoption of the Twin Peaks financial regulatory model in South Africa was mainly inspired by the effects of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. This study undertakes a comparison of the Twin Peaks model structure in South Africa with the structure of its counterparts, which are Australia, United Kingdom and the Netherlands. In doing so, the study identifies the strengths and possible weaknesses of the model in South Africa. The study discusses the extent to which the South African Twin Peaks model reflects international experience. The study traces the evolution of the financial markets and its regulation. It also delves into the main models of the regulation of financial services industry including the Twin Peaks model, which is the focus of the study. The rationale of South Africa’s adoption of the Twin Peaks model is also considered. The Twin Peaks model was introduced in South Africa through the enactment of the Financial Sector Regulatory Act. This legislation reveals that South Africa has drawn increasingly on international experience, particularly the structural design and the cooperation and collaboration of the regulators. It also reveals similarities, notable differences as well as characteristics that might be regarded as unique to South Africa. The similarities reveal that the South African Twin Peaks greatly aligns with that of its counterparts. This is exemplified through the cooperation and coordination between the regulators and the relationship between the regulators and the government amongst others. The study explores insights and lessons to South Africa which can be learnt from its counterparts like the need for effective coordination amongst the Twin Peak regulators. Thereafter, the study puts forward recommendations for reform, which can enable the effective implementation of the Twin Peaks financial regulatory architecture. , Thesis (MA) (Laws) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Marange, Patience https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-4405-2702
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Financial services industry , Financial services industry--Law and legislation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21278 , vital:48175
- Description: Over two decades ago, a number of countries have changed their financial regulatory models. The growing complexity of financial products, the increasing challenge of regulating large financial conglomerates, and the repercussions of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, amongst other factors, have made regulatory reform a key priority for many economies. A move towards the Twin Peaks model of financial regulation has been one of the trends in recent years. This model sees regulation split into two broad functions which are market conduct regulation and prudential regulation. South Africa adopted the Twin Peaks financial regulatory model in 2017 as a way of strengthening its financial regulatory model. By adopting the Twin Peaks model, South Africa has become the eighth and the first developing country to adopt the financial regulatory model. The adoption of the Twin Peaks financial regulatory model in South Africa was mainly inspired by the effects of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. This study undertakes a comparison of the Twin Peaks model structure in South Africa with the structure of its counterparts, which are Australia, United Kingdom and the Netherlands. In doing so, the study identifies the strengths and possible weaknesses of the model in South Africa. The study discusses the extent to which the South African Twin Peaks model reflects international experience. The study traces the evolution of the financial markets and its regulation. It also delves into the main models of the regulation of financial services industry including the Twin Peaks model, which is the focus of the study. The rationale of South Africa’s adoption of the Twin Peaks model is also considered. The Twin Peaks model was introduced in South Africa through the enactment of the Financial Sector Regulatory Act. This legislation reveals that South Africa has drawn increasingly on international experience, particularly the structural design and the cooperation and collaboration of the regulators. It also reveals similarities, notable differences as well as characteristics that might be regarded as unique to South Africa. The similarities reveal that the South African Twin Peaks greatly aligns with that of its counterparts. This is exemplified through the cooperation and coordination between the regulators and the relationship between the regulators and the government amongst others. The study explores insights and lessons to South Africa which can be learnt from its counterparts like the need for effective coordination amongst the Twin Peak regulators. Thereafter, the study puts forward recommendations for reform, which can enable the effective implementation of the Twin Peaks financial regulatory architecture. , Thesis (MA) (Laws) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
An investigation on records management of student allocation for accommodation in selected universities of South Africa
- Authors: Mboya, Ncumisa
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Records--Management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23710 , vital:58584
- Description: The study aimed at investigating the management of students’ residential records at University of Fort Hare (UFH) and Rhodes University (RU). The objectives of the study were to: Investigate the residential policies and records management policies of the University of Fort Hare and Rhodes University; Assess the records management practices at the University of Fort Hare and Rhodes University; Determine how records management affects the process of allocating accommodation to students at the University of Fort Hare and Rhodes University; Identify areas of possible improvement of records management and student satisfaction concerning accommodation and allocation in both institutions. To achieve these objectives, the study used both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. A purposive non-probability sampling technique was used to select the participants of the study. Out of the targeted sample size of 39, the researcher administered questionnaires to 29 respondents and only 28 questionnaires were returned while 10 participants were interviewed. Therefore, a total of 38 staff members were included in the study. The qualitative data collected was analysed using thematic analysis while quantitative data collected was analysed using descriptive statistical analysis. The findings of the study showed that UFH and Rhodes University mostly make use of capturing process as one of the essential processes of records keeping used to allocate accommodation to students in their institutions. More importantly, the findings also revealed that there are different challenges faced by both universities. One of the challenges hindering student residence records at the University of Fort Hare (UFH) includes a lack of records xv management knowledge and incompetence. This might be because there are no records management personnel to take responsibility for student records. On the other hand, Rhodes University is faced with the unavailability of information sources, which might be attributed to a lack of information technology. , Thesis (MLIS) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Mboya, Ncumisa
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Records--Management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23710 , vital:58584
- Description: The study aimed at investigating the management of students’ residential records at University of Fort Hare (UFH) and Rhodes University (RU). The objectives of the study were to: Investigate the residential policies and records management policies of the University of Fort Hare and Rhodes University; Assess the records management practices at the University of Fort Hare and Rhodes University; Determine how records management affects the process of allocating accommodation to students at the University of Fort Hare and Rhodes University; Identify areas of possible improvement of records management and student satisfaction concerning accommodation and allocation in both institutions. To achieve these objectives, the study used both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. The data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. A purposive non-probability sampling technique was used to select the participants of the study. Out of the targeted sample size of 39, the researcher administered questionnaires to 29 respondents and only 28 questionnaires were returned while 10 participants were interviewed. Therefore, a total of 38 staff members were included in the study. The qualitative data collected was analysed using thematic analysis while quantitative data collected was analysed using descriptive statistical analysis. The findings of the study showed that UFH and Rhodes University mostly make use of capturing process as one of the essential processes of records keeping used to allocate accommodation to students in their institutions. More importantly, the findings also revealed that there are different challenges faced by both universities. One of the challenges hindering student residence records at the University of Fort Hare (UFH) includes a lack of records xv management knowledge and incompetence. This might be because there are no records management personnel to take responsibility for student records. On the other hand, Rhodes University is faced with the unavailability of information sources, which might be attributed to a lack of information technology. , Thesis (MLIS) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
Chemical composition and in vitro ruminal degradation of diets containing Vachellia karro leaf meal and their effect on physiological responses of indigenous Xhosa lop-eared goats
- Authors: Mfisi, Khanyisa
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Ruminants--Feeding and feeds , Animal nutrition
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20719 , vital:46460
- Description: The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and in vitro ruminal dry matter degradation (DMD) of Vachellia karro leaf meal-containing diets and their effect on feed intake and physiological responses of indigenous Xhosa lop-eared goats. Experimental diets containing 0 percent (Treatment 1), 15 percent (Treatment 2) and 30 percent (Treatment 3) Vachellia karroo leaf meal were mixed with grass hay and crushed maize. Samples of each diet were analysed for chemical composition and in vitro ruminal DM degradability. A total of 18 eight-month-old indigenous Xhosa lop-eared goats, initially weighing 20.81 ± 1.83 kg were randomly assigned to each diet in a Completely Randomized Design. The goats were confined in individual well-ventilated roofed pens and each dietary treatment had a total of 6 goats. The feed was offered at a rate of 3 percent of live weight twice a day, at 08:00 in the morning and at 16:00 in the afternoon. The experimental feeding trial lasted for 80 days, where 10 days was allowed for adaptation. Goat live weight, Average daily feed intake (ADFI), and Body condition scores (BCS) were recorded weekly FAMACHA scores and fecal eggs counts were also determined weekly. Blood samples were collected via vein puncture on the last day of the feeding trial for determination of glucose, total cholesterol, albumin and blood urea. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) crude protein (CP) and condensed tannins (CT) levels were observed in Vachellia karroo containing diets., while acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the control diet. During early hours of incubation, DMD was similar (P > 0.05) across all dietary treatments. At 12 to 72 hours, the DMD was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Vachellia karroo containing diets except at 48 hours. Correlation between DMD and NDF, ADF and fat was only visible at 24 hours. Fibre (ADF and NDF) were negatively related to DMD, while fat was positively related. A positive correlation was observed between DMD and DM, CP and ADFI. The body weight and BCS of goats was similar (P > 0.05) in all dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The ADFI was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Vachellia karroo supplemented goats. Faecal egg count and FAMACHA scores were significantly higher (P< 0.05) in the control group compared to the Vachellia karroo supplemented treatments; while glucose levels were significantly higher in goats supplemented with Vachellia karroo compared to non-supplemented goats. Cholesterol levels were similar (P > 0.05) across all experimental groups. Goats consuming 30 percent of Vachellia karroo leaf meal had higher (P < 0.05) creatinine levels than the non-supplemented treatment. Urea levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in goats fed 30 percent of Vachellia karroo leaf meal than other treatments. It was concluded that the inclusion of Vachellia karroo leaves improves diet quality, diet degradability, average daily feed intake and physiological responses. , Thesis (MSc) (Animal Science) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Mfisi, Khanyisa
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Ruminants--Feeding and feeds , Animal nutrition
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20719 , vital:46460
- Description: The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and in vitro ruminal dry matter degradation (DMD) of Vachellia karro leaf meal-containing diets and their effect on feed intake and physiological responses of indigenous Xhosa lop-eared goats. Experimental diets containing 0 percent (Treatment 1), 15 percent (Treatment 2) and 30 percent (Treatment 3) Vachellia karroo leaf meal were mixed with grass hay and crushed maize. Samples of each diet were analysed for chemical composition and in vitro ruminal DM degradability. A total of 18 eight-month-old indigenous Xhosa lop-eared goats, initially weighing 20.81 ± 1.83 kg were randomly assigned to each diet in a Completely Randomized Design. The goats were confined in individual well-ventilated roofed pens and each dietary treatment had a total of 6 goats. The feed was offered at a rate of 3 percent of live weight twice a day, at 08:00 in the morning and at 16:00 in the afternoon. The experimental feeding trial lasted for 80 days, where 10 days was allowed for adaptation. Goat live weight, Average daily feed intake (ADFI), and Body condition scores (BCS) were recorded weekly FAMACHA scores and fecal eggs counts were also determined weekly. Blood samples were collected via vein puncture on the last day of the feeding trial for determination of glucose, total cholesterol, albumin and blood urea. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) crude protein (CP) and condensed tannins (CT) levels were observed in Vachellia karroo containing diets., while acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the control diet. During early hours of incubation, DMD was similar (P > 0.05) across all dietary treatments. At 12 to 72 hours, the DMD was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Vachellia karroo containing diets except at 48 hours. Correlation between DMD and NDF, ADF and fat was only visible at 24 hours. Fibre (ADF and NDF) were negatively related to DMD, while fat was positively related. A positive correlation was observed between DMD and DM, CP and ADFI. The body weight and BCS of goats was similar (P > 0.05) in all dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The ADFI was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Vachellia karroo supplemented goats. Faecal egg count and FAMACHA scores were significantly higher (P< 0.05) in the control group compared to the Vachellia karroo supplemented treatments; while glucose levels were significantly higher in goats supplemented with Vachellia karroo compared to non-supplemented goats. Cholesterol levels were similar (P > 0.05) across all experimental groups. Goats consuming 30 percent of Vachellia karroo leaf meal had higher (P < 0.05) creatinine levels than the non-supplemented treatment. Urea levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in goats fed 30 percent of Vachellia karroo leaf meal than other treatments. It was concluded that the inclusion of Vachellia karroo leaves improves diet quality, diet degradability, average daily feed intake and physiological responses. , Thesis (MSc) (Animal Science) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
An investigation into the extent to which grade 12 Mechanical Technology (MT) curriculum practices relate to the Green Economy: A case study of two Eastern Cape technical high schools
- Authors: Mkaza, Mcebisi W
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Technology Study and teaching South Africa Eastern Cape , Environmental education South Africa Eastern Cape , Curriculum evaluation South Africa Eastern Cape , Teachers In-service training South Africa Eastern Cape , Mechanical Technology , Green Economy , Practice Architecture Theory
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191997 , vital:45186
- Description: South Africa’s transition towards a green economy presents opportunities to create resourceful jobs that promote sustainable living in the long term. The country’s educational sector is mandated to integrate a green economy component in curricula from primary schools to tertiary levels. However, green jobs within such an economy require green skills which are not necessarily being developed effectively through the school curriculum. This interpretive study investigated how curriculum practices in the Grade 12 Mechanical Technology (MT) stream offered by technical high schools prepare learners to participate in green economy opportunities in the Eastern Cape. Guided by Practice Architecture theory, the study analysed curriculum documents relevant to the Grade 12 MT stream. Teachers and past learners were interviewed to investigate the Cultural-Discursive, Material-Economic and Socio-Political arrangements that enable or constrain teachers in their intentions to prepare learners to participate in the green economy. Teachers’ material-economic arrangements constrained teaching and learning within the school premises. Learners did not have exposure to real-life fieldwork or job shadowing. Inflexible and restrictive socio-political arrangements in most subjects of the MT stream also constrained green economy learning opportunities. This hindered diversified learning in some subjects. The research further revealed that there is a need for updated pedagogical practices that are aligned with current educational practices. The research found that teachers had very little understanding of the green economy and broader environmental content in their subjects. Consequently, successful implementation of environmental content could not be achieved. The research highlights the importance of advocating for the inclusion of green economy content in the curriculum practices of subjects in the Mechanical Technology stream. This could begin during teacher in-service training as this could enhance teachers’ limited knowledge of environmental content. For practising teachers, workshops, seminars and possibly conferences are necessary to augment knowledge they have, including their awareness of local green economy opportunities in the Eastern Cape. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Education, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
- Authors: Mkaza, Mcebisi W
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Technology Study and teaching South Africa Eastern Cape , Environmental education South Africa Eastern Cape , Curriculum evaluation South Africa Eastern Cape , Teachers In-service training South Africa Eastern Cape , Mechanical Technology , Green Economy , Practice Architecture Theory
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/191997 , vital:45186
- Description: South Africa’s transition towards a green economy presents opportunities to create resourceful jobs that promote sustainable living in the long term. The country’s educational sector is mandated to integrate a green economy component in curricula from primary schools to tertiary levels. However, green jobs within such an economy require green skills which are not necessarily being developed effectively through the school curriculum. This interpretive study investigated how curriculum practices in the Grade 12 Mechanical Technology (MT) stream offered by technical high schools prepare learners to participate in green economy opportunities in the Eastern Cape. Guided by Practice Architecture theory, the study analysed curriculum documents relevant to the Grade 12 MT stream. Teachers and past learners were interviewed to investigate the Cultural-Discursive, Material-Economic and Socio-Political arrangements that enable or constrain teachers in their intentions to prepare learners to participate in the green economy. Teachers’ material-economic arrangements constrained teaching and learning within the school premises. Learners did not have exposure to real-life fieldwork or job shadowing. Inflexible and restrictive socio-political arrangements in most subjects of the MT stream also constrained green economy learning opportunities. This hindered diversified learning in some subjects. The research further revealed that there is a need for updated pedagogical practices that are aligned with current educational practices. The research found that teachers had very little understanding of the green economy and broader environmental content in their subjects. Consequently, successful implementation of environmental content could not be achieved. The research highlights the importance of advocating for the inclusion of green economy content in the curriculum practices of subjects in the Mechanical Technology stream. This could begin during teacher in-service training as this could enhance teachers’ limited knowledge of environmental content. For practising teachers, workshops, seminars and possibly conferences are necessary to augment knowledge they have, including their awareness of local green economy opportunities in the Eastern Cape. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Education, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Analysis of factors affecting technical efficiency of a1 smallholder maize farmers under command agriculture scheme in Zimbabwe: the case of Chegutu and Zvimba districts.
- Authors: Muzeza, Norman Tatenda
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Food security , Farms, Small , Agricultural extension work
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20826 , vital:46607
- Description: Maize is the most essential cereal crop grown in Zimbabwe. This crop is produced across the country under different conditions and environments. The study focused on analyzing technical efficiency of A1 smallholder maize farmers in Chegutu and Zvimba districts under the Command Agriculture Scheme. Understanding technical efficiency is essential under developing agriculture, especially where resources are limited, and high population growth is quite common. In such a setting, increased output depends on efficiency improvements. The specific objectives of the study focused on estimating the level of technical efficiency, determinants of technical efficiency and the level of productivity among a randomly selected sample of 240 A1 smallholder maize farmers under the Command Agriculture Scheme. Purposive, cluster and random sampling techniques were used to collect primary data from the selected sample. The study applied the single-stage modelling stochastic frontier approach to assess technical efficiency of A1 smallholder maize farmers. The stochastic frontier results revealed that A1 smallholder farmers in Chegutu and Zvimba districts are technically efficient at 85 percent and 94 percent, respectively. The major determinants of technical efficiency varied across each district. In Chegutu district, major determinants of technical efficiency were basal fertilizer, labour and area of land cultivated for maize production, and all indicated a positive relationship with level of significance less than 10 percent and 1 percent (0.012, 0.000 and 0.000) respectively. In Zvimba district, major determinants of technical efficiency were basal fertilizer, topdressing and area of land cultivated for maize production, and all indicated a positive relationship with level of significance less than 5 percent, 10 percent and 1 percent (0.002, 0.021, 0.000) respectively. The study further estimated determinants of technical inefficiency. Main determinants of technical inefficiency in Chegutu district were age, maize farming experience and level of education. In Zvimba district, main determinants were maize farming experience, level of education, marital status, occupation status and other sources of income. The return to scale that measures the productivity level of farmers varied among the two districts in which farmers from Chegutu district had increasing returns to scale (1.43), whilst famers from Zvimba district had decreasing returns to scale (0.54). The study, therefore, argues that despite observed high technical efficiencies, Chegutu farmers could bridge their 15 percent gap between their observed output and the frontier output by focusing more on input usage with increasing returns to scale (1.43 percent). On the other hand, Zvimba farmers could bridge their 6 percent gap between their observed output and frontier output by focusing more on socio-economic drivers of technical inefficiency, given the decreasing returns to scale of their inputs (0.54 percent). , Thesis (MSc) (Agricultural Economics) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Muzeza, Norman Tatenda
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Food security , Farms, Small , Agricultural extension work
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/20826 , vital:46607
- Description: Maize is the most essential cereal crop grown in Zimbabwe. This crop is produced across the country under different conditions and environments. The study focused on analyzing technical efficiency of A1 smallholder maize farmers in Chegutu and Zvimba districts under the Command Agriculture Scheme. Understanding technical efficiency is essential under developing agriculture, especially where resources are limited, and high population growth is quite common. In such a setting, increased output depends on efficiency improvements. The specific objectives of the study focused on estimating the level of technical efficiency, determinants of technical efficiency and the level of productivity among a randomly selected sample of 240 A1 smallholder maize farmers under the Command Agriculture Scheme. Purposive, cluster and random sampling techniques were used to collect primary data from the selected sample. The study applied the single-stage modelling stochastic frontier approach to assess technical efficiency of A1 smallholder maize farmers. The stochastic frontier results revealed that A1 smallholder farmers in Chegutu and Zvimba districts are technically efficient at 85 percent and 94 percent, respectively. The major determinants of technical efficiency varied across each district. In Chegutu district, major determinants of technical efficiency were basal fertilizer, labour and area of land cultivated for maize production, and all indicated a positive relationship with level of significance less than 10 percent and 1 percent (0.012, 0.000 and 0.000) respectively. In Zvimba district, major determinants of technical efficiency were basal fertilizer, topdressing and area of land cultivated for maize production, and all indicated a positive relationship with level of significance less than 5 percent, 10 percent and 1 percent (0.002, 0.021, 0.000) respectively. The study further estimated determinants of technical inefficiency. Main determinants of technical inefficiency in Chegutu district were age, maize farming experience and level of education. In Zvimba district, main determinants were maize farming experience, level of education, marital status, occupation status and other sources of income. The return to scale that measures the productivity level of farmers varied among the two districts in which farmers from Chegutu district had increasing returns to scale (1.43), whilst famers from Zvimba district had decreasing returns to scale (0.54). The study, therefore, argues that despite observed high technical efficiencies, Chegutu farmers could bridge their 15 percent gap between their observed output and the frontier output by focusing more on input usage with increasing returns to scale (1.43 percent). On the other hand, Zvimba farmers could bridge their 6 percent gap between their observed output and frontier output by focusing more on socio-economic drivers of technical inefficiency, given the decreasing returns to scale of their inputs (0.54 percent). , Thesis (MSc) (Agricultural Economics) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
The impact of financial inclusion on poverty: a case of selected SADC countries.
- Authors: Ndlovu, Nkazimulo Glitter
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Financial services industry , Poverty--Africa , Poverty
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21311 , vital:48393
- Description: Financial inclusion is widely regarded as another conduit through which poverty can be alleviated. However, both theoretical and empirical literature does not reach consensus on the effect of financial inclusion on poverty. Against this background, the study empirically examines the effect of financial inclusion on poverty in selected Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, which include (Botswana, Malawi, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zambia). The author employs the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique for the period 1980 to 2019. Based on the Financial Intermediation Theory and the Social Justice Theory: Tunnel effect, 5 different models were estimated. Variables used to capture the different dimensions of financial inclusion include ATMs per 1000km and Bank Accounts per 1000 adults as well as Bank’s private Credit to GDP and Commercial Bank branches per 1000 adults’. The control variables used in the study are; GDP per Capita, Government Consumption, Inflation and Education. Empirical results revealed that financial inclusion reduces the level of poverty in the selected SADC states. The results also revealed that GDP per capita and government spending have a negative effect on poverty in the region. An interesting finding, even though not the major focus of the study was the effect of education. The results revealed that lower levels of education may exacerbate the level of poverty in the region. At the same time, tertiary education was found to have a negative and significant effect on poverty. The empirical results imply that policy makers should center their focus on reforms that will ensure that more people are financially included in the region. Also policies promoting high growth levels and acquisition of higher levels of education should be pursued. , Thesis (MCom) (Economics) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Ndlovu, Nkazimulo Glitter
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Financial services industry , Poverty--Africa , Poverty
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/21311 , vital:48393
- Description: Financial inclusion is widely regarded as another conduit through which poverty can be alleviated. However, both theoretical and empirical literature does not reach consensus on the effect of financial inclusion on poverty. Against this background, the study empirically examines the effect of financial inclusion on poverty in selected Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, which include (Botswana, Malawi, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zambia). The author employs the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique for the period 1980 to 2019. Based on the Financial Intermediation Theory and the Social Justice Theory: Tunnel effect, 5 different models were estimated. Variables used to capture the different dimensions of financial inclusion include ATMs per 1000km and Bank Accounts per 1000 adults as well as Bank’s private Credit to GDP and Commercial Bank branches per 1000 adults’. The control variables used in the study are; GDP per Capita, Government Consumption, Inflation and Education. Empirical results revealed that financial inclusion reduces the level of poverty in the selected SADC states. The results also revealed that GDP per capita and government spending have a negative effect on poverty in the region. An interesting finding, even though not the major focus of the study was the effect of education. The results revealed that lower levels of education may exacerbate the level of poverty in the region. At the same time, tertiary education was found to have a negative and significant effect on poverty. The empirical results imply that policy makers should center their focus on reforms that will ensure that more people are financially included in the region. Also policies promoting high growth levels and acquisition of higher levels of education should be pursued. , Thesis (MCom) (Economics) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
Experiences of unmarried fathers who are denied access to their biological children among amaXhosa communities in Mqanduli, Eastern Cape province
- Nguma, Aphiwe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-1279
- Authors: Nguma, Aphiwe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-1279
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Unmarried fathers , Fatherhood responsibility movement
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22412 , vital:52052
- Description: This study aimed to explore the experiences of unmarried fathers who are denied access to their biological children among amaXhosa communities in Mqanduli, Eastern Cape Province. This study also endeavoured to answer the following research questions: (i). what are the challenges encountered by unmarried fathers who are denied access to their biological children among amaXhosa communities in Mqanduli, Eastern Cape Province? (ii). what are government official's perceptions on experiences of unmarried fathers who are denied access to their biological children among amaXhosa communities in Mqanduli, Eastern Cape? (iii) What are the implications of denial of access of unmarried fathers to their biological children among amaXhosa communities in Mqanduli, Eastern Cape Province? This study adopted a qualitative approach within a phenomenological case study research design. A sample of forty participants comprising twenty unmarried biological fathers, seven statutory social workers, three presiding officers of children's court and ten cultural custodians was interviewed. The study revealed the following challenges: payment of pregnancy damages and bride price, unemployment, conflict with the maternal family, poverty, psycho-emotional breakdown, cultural responsibilities, terminated intimate partner relationship with the mother of the child, financial constraints, and lack of emotional and moral intelligence. The study recommends the development of a new 'family policy' to ensure integration of customary cultural practices and the legislative frameworks to provide a detailed parental-document to assist the new generation of parents in maintaining good parenting relations. Further, the study recommends the establishment of champions against absent and uninvolved fathers, where young men will explore fatherhood roles and develop educational and preventative strategies. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Nguma, Aphiwe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-1279
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Unmarried fathers , Fatherhood responsibility movement
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22412 , vital:52052
- Description: This study aimed to explore the experiences of unmarried fathers who are denied access to their biological children among amaXhosa communities in Mqanduli, Eastern Cape Province. This study also endeavoured to answer the following research questions: (i). what are the challenges encountered by unmarried fathers who are denied access to their biological children among amaXhosa communities in Mqanduli, Eastern Cape Province? (ii). what are government official's perceptions on experiences of unmarried fathers who are denied access to their biological children among amaXhosa communities in Mqanduli, Eastern Cape? (iii) What are the implications of denial of access of unmarried fathers to their biological children among amaXhosa communities in Mqanduli, Eastern Cape Province? This study adopted a qualitative approach within a phenomenological case study research design. A sample of forty participants comprising twenty unmarried biological fathers, seven statutory social workers, three presiding officers of children's court and ten cultural custodians was interviewed. The study revealed the following challenges: payment of pregnancy damages and bride price, unemployment, conflict with the maternal family, poverty, psycho-emotional breakdown, cultural responsibilities, terminated intimate partner relationship with the mother of the child, financial constraints, and lack of emotional and moral intelligence. The study recommends the development of a new 'family policy' to ensure integration of customary cultural practices and the legislative frameworks to provide a detailed parental-document to assist the new generation of parents in maintaining good parenting relations. Further, the study recommends the establishment of champions against absent and uninvolved fathers, where young men will explore fatherhood roles and develop educational and preventative strategies. , Thesis (MSW) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
The investigation of groundwater potential zones in the Neotectonic area of Ntabankulu Local Municipality, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Nonkula, Zenande https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-7703
- Authors: Nonkula, Zenande https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-7703
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Groundwater , Water-supply , Neotectonics
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22875 , vital:53068
- Description: Ntabankulu extends from latitude 30° 51' 09"S to 31° 09' 10" S and from longitude 29° 06' 51"E to 29° 23' 49"E in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Ntabankulu Local Municipality has 141 villages with 125 976 population size. About 36% of villages do not have water sources, 38% have partial functional water sources, 6% have non-functional water sources, and 20 % have reliable water sources, primarily rivers (Mnceba, Caba and Mzimvubu). Water is scarce in this area, especially in the dry season when perennial rivers and springs become dry. This research investigates groundwater potential zones and identifies suitable aquifers that can be developed to augment the water resources. The study involved: literature review, remote sensing, borehole and springs data, geological, petrographic and geophysical (gravity, magnetic and electrical resistivity) analyses. Each method has its purpose in finding the potential groundwater zones. Ntabankulu Local Municipality is located on the Karoo Supergroup in Ecca and Beaufort Group, Adelaide Subgroup and Balfour Formation. During field analysis, it was observed that this area consists of sandstone, shale and dolerite sills, dykes and complex rings. Fining up sequences, massive bedding, concretions, and spheroidal weathering were observed in sandstone, shale, and dolerite, respectively. Groundwater seepages are found within these structures. Sandstones are yellow due to the presence of limonite because of the continuous seepage. Red coloured laminated shale reflects that the rock has an iron oxidation state with hematite (Fe2O3) on the sediments. The Geographical Information Systems (GIS) method was used to extract lineaments. Lineaments dominate Ntabankulu with an NW-SE direction. Some of the lineaments are due to Karoo igneous intrusions, and others are due to neotectonic activities. Ntabankulu is located on the eastern and northern neotectonic belts. Geological maps and lineament maps were compared; it was observed that sandstones and shales are found on high liinament density areas. High yielding boreholes and springs coincide with lineaments, and some lineaments are faults. Hence areas that have high lineaments density could be groundwater potential zones. There are geological structures (faults, joints, and fractures) that are present. Systematic and non-systematic joints are found on sandstones which are due to extensional stress. These joints have been reactivated and acted as strike-slip faults. All these geological structures increase the porosity and permeability of the rocks. It was observed that the area of Ntabankulu consists of coarse-grained and medium-grained sandstone with quartz and orthoclase minerals. Dolerite consists of labradorite, clinopyroxene, olivine, oxide minerals with twinning formed during cooling and magma crystallisation. The gravity and magnetic methods were used to study the subsurface rock density contrasts and susceptibilities, respectively. The gravity and magnetic maps were generated in Geosoft Oasis 8.3 software. High gravity zones coincide with some of the mapped Karoo intrusions. Unmapped dolerite intrusions, lineaments and faults were inferred. The magnetic method delineated the subsurface structures (lineaments and faults), which are known to control groundwater accumulation. These structures and inferred dolerite intrusions helped in identifying groundwater potential zones. Groundwater potential zones were inferred in sedimentary rocks between dolerite intrusions and areas where sills and dykes intersect. A total of six vertical electrical soundings (VES) were conducted at Mzalwaneni and Tabankulu town areas using the Schlumberger configuration array with a maximum penetration depth of about 25- 33 m. The VES data were modelled in Winresist and Surfer 9 software to obtain 1D models and geoelectric sections, respectively. These 1D models have three layers with response curves of H-type. The top layer is about 0.4 - 0.7 m thick, with resistivity values from 12.3 – 1885.9 Ωm and is topsoil (sand and clay). The second layer of thickness 5.2 – 13.3 m has low resistivity values from 23.1- 44.9 Ωm. This layer is interpreted to be fractured shales and sandstones possibly containing water. The third layer of high resistivity values of 145.9 – 727.4 Ωm is inferred to be sandstone. The simultaneous interpretation of resistivity and normalised chargeability revealed that groundwater potential zones are characterised by low resistivity values and low normalised chargeability values for layers from 0.7 - 13.3 m depth. The groundwatwer in the area of Ntabankulu can be found on unconfined aquifers. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Nonkula, Zenande https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-7703
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Groundwater , Water-supply , Neotectonics
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22875 , vital:53068
- Description: Ntabankulu extends from latitude 30° 51' 09"S to 31° 09' 10" S and from longitude 29° 06' 51"E to 29° 23' 49"E in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Ntabankulu Local Municipality has 141 villages with 125 976 population size. About 36% of villages do not have water sources, 38% have partial functional water sources, 6% have non-functional water sources, and 20 % have reliable water sources, primarily rivers (Mnceba, Caba and Mzimvubu). Water is scarce in this area, especially in the dry season when perennial rivers and springs become dry. This research investigates groundwater potential zones and identifies suitable aquifers that can be developed to augment the water resources. The study involved: literature review, remote sensing, borehole and springs data, geological, petrographic and geophysical (gravity, magnetic and electrical resistivity) analyses. Each method has its purpose in finding the potential groundwater zones. Ntabankulu Local Municipality is located on the Karoo Supergroup in Ecca and Beaufort Group, Adelaide Subgroup and Balfour Formation. During field analysis, it was observed that this area consists of sandstone, shale and dolerite sills, dykes and complex rings. Fining up sequences, massive bedding, concretions, and spheroidal weathering were observed in sandstone, shale, and dolerite, respectively. Groundwater seepages are found within these structures. Sandstones are yellow due to the presence of limonite because of the continuous seepage. Red coloured laminated shale reflects that the rock has an iron oxidation state with hematite (Fe2O3) on the sediments. The Geographical Information Systems (GIS) method was used to extract lineaments. Lineaments dominate Ntabankulu with an NW-SE direction. Some of the lineaments are due to Karoo igneous intrusions, and others are due to neotectonic activities. Ntabankulu is located on the eastern and northern neotectonic belts. Geological maps and lineament maps were compared; it was observed that sandstones and shales are found on high liinament density areas. High yielding boreholes and springs coincide with lineaments, and some lineaments are faults. Hence areas that have high lineaments density could be groundwater potential zones. There are geological structures (faults, joints, and fractures) that are present. Systematic and non-systematic joints are found on sandstones which are due to extensional stress. These joints have been reactivated and acted as strike-slip faults. All these geological structures increase the porosity and permeability of the rocks. It was observed that the area of Ntabankulu consists of coarse-grained and medium-grained sandstone with quartz and orthoclase minerals. Dolerite consists of labradorite, clinopyroxene, olivine, oxide minerals with twinning formed during cooling and magma crystallisation. The gravity and magnetic methods were used to study the subsurface rock density contrasts and susceptibilities, respectively. The gravity and magnetic maps were generated in Geosoft Oasis 8.3 software. High gravity zones coincide with some of the mapped Karoo intrusions. Unmapped dolerite intrusions, lineaments and faults were inferred. The magnetic method delineated the subsurface structures (lineaments and faults), which are known to control groundwater accumulation. These structures and inferred dolerite intrusions helped in identifying groundwater potential zones. Groundwater potential zones were inferred in sedimentary rocks between dolerite intrusions and areas where sills and dykes intersect. A total of six vertical electrical soundings (VES) were conducted at Mzalwaneni and Tabankulu town areas using the Schlumberger configuration array with a maximum penetration depth of about 25- 33 m. The VES data were modelled in Winresist and Surfer 9 software to obtain 1D models and geoelectric sections, respectively. These 1D models have three layers with response curves of H-type. The top layer is about 0.4 - 0.7 m thick, with resistivity values from 12.3 – 1885.9 Ωm and is topsoil (sand and clay). The second layer of thickness 5.2 – 13.3 m has low resistivity values from 23.1- 44.9 Ωm. This layer is interpreted to be fractured shales and sandstones possibly containing water. The third layer of high resistivity values of 145.9 – 727.4 Ωm is inferred to be sandstone. The simultaneous interpretation of resistivity and normalised chargeability revealed that groundwater potential zones are characterised by low resistivity values and low normalised chargeability values for layers from 0.7 - 13.3 m depth. The groundwatwer in the area of Ntabankulu can be found on unconfined aquifers. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
The effects of household agricultural income on the adoption of electrical appliances and energy security among rural households in Mnquma Local Municipality
- Ntonjane, P https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9432-9031
- Authors: Ntonjane, P https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9432-9031
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Energy security , Sustainable development -- South Africa , Economic development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22655 , vital:52617
- Description: Energy security is critical to global economic development and agricultural activities. Electricity is one of the most beneficial types of energy for rural household livelihoods and smallholder producers in South Africa. This study aims to examine the effects of household agricultural income on the adoption of electrical appliances and energy security among agricultural households in Mnquma Local Municipality. The study employed primary data obtained from 224 households using simple random sampling technique across three electrification stages. Descriptive statistics, and binary logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the household and the household agricultural income on the adoption of new electrical appliances and energy security across the three electrification stages. Descriptive statistics results indicated that non-electrified (67.1percent) and recently electrified (54.3percent) villages are dominated by female-headed households, while in electrified households there are more male head households (58.3percent). The results also show that among the households that have the highest total monthly income (greater than R15000), 34.5percent were electrified, 17.1 percent were recently electrified, and 4.3percent were non-electrified. The Binary logistic regression model's findings for the second objective revealed that household head factors such as age, monthly total household income, household size, and household agricultural income have significant effects on energy security. The study's findings revealed that household agricultural income has a significant impact at a 5 percent significant level on the adoption of electrical appliances. Binary logistic regression findings for the third objective revealed that on new electrical appliance adoption there was a significant effect of gender (at 5percent level), household size, energy security, and household agricultural income at a 1percent significance level. Binary logistic regression revealed that the coefficient of household size variable is positive and significant at a 1percent significant level on energy security and electrical appliance adoption. In this study, household agricultural income on the adoption of electrical appliances has been found to be the most critical factor influencing the energy security status of households among the selected rural households in Mnquma Local Municipality. As a result, policies must be put in place to facilitate access to electrical appliances through electrification programs, invention of affordable electric appliances, encourage participation in agricultural production and agricultural market access, that will provide households with social benefits. To improve energy security, electrical appliances should be simple to use and aid in the transition from biomass to electricity. , Thesis (MAgric) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Ntonjane, P https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9432-9031
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Energy security , Sustainable development -- South Africa , Economic development -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22655 , vital:52617
- Description: Energy security is critical to global economic development and agricultural activities. Electricity is one of the most beneficial types of energy for rural household livelihoods and smallholder producers in South Africa. This study aims to examine the effects of household agricultural income on the adoption of electrical appliances and energy security among agricultural households in Mnquma Local Municipality. The study employed primary data obtained from 224 households using simple random sampling technique across three electrification stages. Descriptive statistics, and binary logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the household and the household agricultural income on the adoption of new electrical appliances and energy security across the three electrification stages. Descriptive statistics results indicated that non-electrified (67.1percent) and recently electrified (54.3percent) villages are dominated by female-headed households, while in electrified households there are more male head households (58.3percent). The results also show that among the households that have the highest total monthly income (greater than R15000), 34.5percent were electrified, 17.1 percent were recently electrified, and 4.3percent were non-electrified. The Binary logistic regression model's findings for the second objective revealed that household head factors such as age, monthly total household income, household size, and household agricultural income have significant effects on energy security. The study's findings revealed that household agricultural income has a significant impact at a 5 percent significant level on the adoption of electrical appliances. Binary logistic regression findings for the third objective revealed that on new electrical appliance adoption there was a significant effect of gender (at 5percent level), household size, energy security, and household agricultural income at a 1percent significance level. Binary logistic regression revealed that the coefficient of household size variable is positive and significant at a 1percent significant level on energy security and electrical appliance adoption. In this study, household agricultural income on the adoption of electrical appliances has been found to be the most critical factor influencing the energy security status of households among the selected rural households in Mnquma Local Municipality. As a result, policies must be put in place to facilitate access to electrical appliances through electrification programs, invention of affordable electric appliances, encourage participation in agricultural production and agricultural market access, that will provide households with social benefits. To improve energy security, electrical appliances should be simple to use and aid in the transition from biomass to electricity. , Thesis (MAgric) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
A framework to influence the behavioural intention of adults to monitor their health using gamification: a case of discovery vitality in East London, South Africa.
- Authors: Ntshona, Linda
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Autonomy (Psychology) , Medical telematics. , Patient self-monitoring.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22242 , vital:52005
- Description: The epidemic of overweight or obesity conditions has become a public health concern in South Africa, and signifies major challenges of chronic diseases affecting the healthcare sector. Recent years have noted the increasing prevalence of gamification and development across all age groups. The rapid adoption and use of gamification as a tool to improve adult motivation and engagement when monitoring their health and wellness is an essential form of health intervention. Gamification allows its users to keep track of their health in real time and encourages an active healthy lifestyle behaviour. Research has found that there are factors that may inhibit the behavioural intention of adults to use gamification for health monitoring in the long term. These factors include cost or membership fees associated with gamification that uses Discovery Vitality and privacy concerns. The main aim of this research study was to develop a framework to influence the behavioural intention of adults to monitor their health through gamification making use of Discovery Vitality as the case study. The self-determination theory was used as the theoretical framework to ensure continuance usage of gamification for sustained health monitoring. A qualitative research approach was chosen for this study. The purposive sampling technique was selected to identify 20 adults between the ages of 18-59 years that are members of Discovery Vitality in East London, South Africa. Interviews were conducted with the 20 participants to identify the factors that will influence their behavioural intention to make use of gamification to monitor their health. After data collection, thematic analysis was used to analyse the data and the data provided by the participants was organised and summarised into relevant themes to answer the main research question. The study developed a framework which incorporated the four constructs of the self-determination theory, namely perceived autonomy, competence, relatedness and satisfaction of basic psychological needs for sustained health monitoring. The study also developed the five factors influencing the behavioural intention of adults to continue using gamification for sustained health monitoring. These factors are known as: broad appeal, applicability and accessibility through mobile technology and pervasive sensors, development and accomplishment, employment of creativity and feedback, and lastly social influence and relatedness. The recognition of weight loss, tracking and monitoring of physical activities and medication adherence was found to positively influence the behavioural intention of adults to continuosly use gamification to monitor their health. , Thesis (MCom) (Information Systems) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09
- Authors: Ntshona, Linda
- Date: 2021-09
- Subjects: Autonomy (Psychology) , Medical telematics. , Patient self-monitoring.
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22242 , vital:52005
- Description: The epidemic of overweight or obesity conditions has become a public health concern in South Africa, and signifies major challenges of chronic diseases affecting the healthcare sector. Recent years have noted the increasing prevalence of gamification and development across all age groups. The rapid adoption and use of gamification as a tool to improve adult motivation and engagement when monitoring their health and wellness is an essential form of health intervention. Gamification allows its users to keep track of their health in real time and encourages an active healthy lifestyle behaviour. Research has found that there are factors that may inhibit the behavioural intention of adults to use gamification for health monitoring in the long term. These factors include cost or membership fees associated with gamification that uses Discovery Vitality and privacy concerns. The main aim of this research study was to develop a framework to influence the behavioural intention of adults to monitor their health through gamification making use of Discovery Vitality as the case study. The self-determination theory was used as the theoretical framework to ensure continuance usage of gamification for sustained health monitoring. A qualitative research approach was chosen for this study. The purposive sampling technique was selected to identify 20 adults between the ages of 18-59 years that are members of Discovery Vitality in East London, South Africa. Interviews were conducted with the 20 participants to identify the factors that will influence their behavioural intention to make use of gamification to monitor their health. After data collection, thematic analysis was used to analyse the data and the data provided by the participants was organised and summarised into relevant themes to answer the main research question. The study developed a framework which incorporated the four constructs of the self-determination theory, namely perceived autonomy, competence, relatedness and satisfaction of basic psychological needs for sustained health monitoring. The study also developed the five factors influencing the behavioural intention of adults to continue using gamification for sustained health monitoring. These factors are known as: broad appeal, applicability and accessibility through mobile technology and pervasive sensors, development and accomplishment, employment of creativity and feedback, and lastly social influence and relatedness. The recognition of weight loss, tracking and monitoring of physical activities and medication adherence was found to positively influence the behavioural intention of adults to continuosly use gamification to monitor their health. , Thesis (MCom) (Information Systems) -- University of Fort Hare, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-09