Black university students’ experiences of negotiating their social identity in a historically white university
- Authors: Mogotsi, Opelo Petunia
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Corporate culture -- South Africa , Social integration -- South Africa , Race discrimination -- South Africa , Segregation in higher education -- South Africa , Group identity -- South Africa , College students, Black -- South Africa , Biko, Steve, 1946-1977 , Fanon, Frantz, 1925-1961
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62416 , vital:28174
- Description: This thesis seeks to explore the social identity of black students in a historically white university. Since 1994, South African government has been promulgating pieces of legislation aimed at ensuring racial integration, and indirectly enforcing acculturation in historically white universities. Studies have proven that institutional cultures in historically white universities alienate and exclude black students’ identities. These students’ sense of social identity, which includes amongst others; culture, heritage, language and traditions, and consequently self-esteem and self-concept is altered in these institutions. Research has been scant regarding the shape and form that black students’ identity assume when they get to these spaces. Face to face interviews were used to collect data and thematic analysis was used for data analysis. The Social Identity and the Acculturation models were used to explore the experiences of black students in negotiating their social identities in a historically white university. Evoking Steve Biko’s analysis of ‘artificial integration’, it was illustrated how the ‘integration’ narrative sought to discard the identity of black students and psychologically enforce a simulation of black students into white established identities. The main themes discussed indicated that black students in this study had social identity and identity challenges in a historically white university. This study has implications for policy development as I hope to theoretically sensitize historically white universities to (apart from mere opening of spaces of learning) understand the social identity challenges of black students.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mogotsi, Opelo Petunia
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Corporate culture -- South Africa , Social integration -- South Africa , Race discrimination -- South Africa , Segregation in higher education -- South Africa , Group identity -- South Africa , College students, Black -- South Africa , Biko, Steve, 1946-1977 , Fanon, Frantz, 1925-1961
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62416 , vital:28174
- Description: This thesis seeks to explore the social identity of black students in a historically white university. Since 1994, South African government has been promulgating pieces of legislation aimed at ensuring racial integration, and indirectly enforcing acculturation in historically white universities. Studies have proven that institutional cultures in historically white universities alienate and exclude black students’ identities. These students’ sense of social identity, which includes amongst others; culture, heritage, language and traditions, and consequently self-esteem and self-concept is altered in these institutions. Research has been scant regarding the shape and form that black students’ identity assume when they get to these spaces. Face to face interviews were used to collect data and thematic analysis was used for data analysis. The Social Identity and the Acculturation models were used to explore the experiences of black students in negotiating their social identities in a historically white university. Evoking Steve Biko’s analysis of ‘artificial integration’, it was illustrated how the ‘integration’ narrative sought to discard the identity of black students and psychologically enforce a simulation of black students into white established identities. The main themes discussed indicated that black students in this study had social identity and identity challenges in a historically white university. This study has implications for policy development as I hope to theoretically sensitize historically white universities to (apart from mere opening of spaces of learning) understand the social identity challenges of black students.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Black woman you’re on your own
- Authors: Ngada, Unathi Ndlelantle
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Creative writing (Higher education) -- South Africa , South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , Short stories, South African (English) -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63110 , vital:28364
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Ngada, Unathi Ndlelantle
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Creative writing (Higher education) -- South Africa , South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , Short stories, South African (English) -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63110 , vital:28364
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Blue ring of fire
- Authors: O’Flaherty, Craig
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Creative writing (Higher education) -- South Africa , South African poetry (English) -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63615 , vital:28448
- Description: My poems are reflections of shape, colour and emotions expressed through imagery. Their unsentimental landscape-realism echo my own feelings as well as broader human dimensions of contradiction and uncertainty, without trying to resolve them. In the same way that photography is the art of 'painting with light', my poems seek a language that evokes light and darkness. They aspire to what Keats said when writing about ‘negative capability’: “Poetical character has no self, it is anything and nothing, it has no character and enjoys light and shade”. My poems explore what I have learned about form – how line-length, syntax and musicality can add grace and energy to language. Poets that have influenced me include the classical Chinese poets such as Du Fu and Li Po, and the Generation of 27 Spanish poets, such as Antonio Machado and Leon Felipe.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: O’Flaherty, Craig
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Creative writing (Higher education) -- South Africa , South African poetry (English) -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63615 , vital:28448
- Description: My poems are reflections of shape, colour and emotions expressed through imagery. Their unsentimental landscape-realism echo my own feelings as well as broader human dimensions of contradiction and uncertainty, without trying to resolve them. In the same way that photography is the art of 'painting with light', my poems seek a language that evokes light and darkness. They aspire to what Keats said when writing about ‘negative capability’: “Poetical character has no self, it is anything and nothing, it has no character and enjoys light and shade”. My poems explore what I have learned about form – how line-length, syntax and musicality can add grace and energy to language. Poets that have influenced me include the classical Chinese poets such as Du Fu and Li Po, and the Generation of 27 Spanish poets, such as Antonio Machado and Leon Felipe.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
BODIPY dyes for singlet oxygen and optical limiting applications
- Authors: Harris, Jessica
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Photosensitizing compounds , Active oxygen -- Physiological effect , Photochemotherapy , Cancer -- Treatment , Nonlinear optics , BODIPY (Boron-dipyrromethene)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/58002 , vital:27014
- Description: A series of structurally related BODIPY dyes were synthesised and characterised. Their photophysical properties were studied in order to determine whether they would be suitable candidates for use as photosensitisers in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment of cancer. The synthesis of two highly fluorescent BODIPY cores was achieved via the acid-catalysed condensation of a pyrrole and a functionalised aldehyde. In order to promote intersystem crossing, and hence improve the singlet oxygen generation of these dyes, bromine atoms were added at the 2,6-positions of the BODIPY core. These dibrominated analogues showed good singlet oxygen quantum yields, and excellent photostability in ethanol. In order to red-shift the main spectral bands of the BODIPY dyes towards the therapeutic window, vinyl/ styryl groups were introduced at the 3-, 5-, and 7-positions via a modified Knoevengal condensation reaction. The addition of vinyl/ styryl groups to the BODIPY core caused an increase in fluorescence quantum yield as well as a decrease in singlet oxygen quantum yield with respect to the dibrominated analogues. However, two of the red-shifted BODIPY dyes still showed moderate singlet oxygen quantum yields. The use of BODIPY dyes in nonlinear optics (NLO) was explored. The nonlinear optical characterisations and optical limiting properties of a series of 3,5-dithienylenevinylene BODIPY dyes were studied, both in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and when embedded in poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PBC) as thin films. The 3,5-dithienylenevinylene BODIPY dyes showed typical nonlinear absorption behaviour, with reverse saturable absorption (RSA) profiles, indicating that they have potential as optical limiters. The second-order hyperpolarizability (Y), and third-order nonlinear susceptibility (/m[/(3)]) values are also reported for these dyes. The optical limiting values of one of the BODIPY dyes in solution, and two of the BODIPY-embedded PBC films, were below the maximum threshold of 0.95 J-cm-2. The effect of addition of substituents on the electronic structure of the BODIPY dyes was investigated using TD-DFT calculations. The calculated trends closely followed those determined experimentally.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Harris, Jessica
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Photosensitizing compounds , Active oxygen -- Physiological effect , Photochemotherapy , Cancer -- Treatment , Nonlinear optics , BODIPY (Boron-dipyrromethene)
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/58002 , vital:27014
- Description: A series of structurally related BODIPY dyes were synthesised and characterised. Their photophysical properties were studied in order to determine whether they would be suitable candidates for use as photosensitisers in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment of cancer. The synthesis of two highly fluorescent BODIPY cores was achieved via the acid-catalysed condensation of a pyrrole and a functionalised aldehyde. In order to promote intersystem crossing, and hence improve the singlet oxygen generation of these dyes, bromine atoms were added at the 2,6-positions of the BODIPY core. These dibrominated analogues showed good singlet oxygen quantum yields, and excellent photostability in ethanol. In order to red-shift the main spectral bands of the BODIPY dyes towards the therapeutic window, vinyl/ styryl groups were introduced at the 3-, 5-, and 7-positions via a modified Knoevengal condensation reaction. The addition of vinyl/ styryl groups to the BODIPY core caused an increase in fluorescence quantum yield as well as a decrease in singlet oxygen quantum yield with respect to the dibrominated analogues. However, two of the red-shifted BODIPY dyes still showed moderate singlet oxygen quantum yields. The use of BODIPY dyes in nonlinear optics (NLO) was explored. The nonlinear optical characterisations and optical limiting properties of a series of 3,5-dithienylenevinylene BODIPY dyes were studied, both in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and when embedded in poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PBC) as thin films. The 3,5-dithienylenevinylene BODIPY dyes showed typical nonlinear absorption behaviour, with reverse saturable absorption (RSA) profiles, indicating that they have potential as optical limiters. The second-order hyperpolarizability (Y), and third-order nonlinear susceptibility (/m[/(3)]) values are also reported for these dyes. The optical limiting values of one of the BODIPY dyes in solution, and two of the BODIPY-embedded PBC films, were below the maximum threshold of 0.95 J-cm-2. The effect of addition of substituents on the electronic structure of the BODIPY dyes was investigated using TD-DFT calculations. The calculated trends closely followed those determined experimentally.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Bone mineral density of female long distance runners in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Meier, Catherine Anne
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Running -- Physiological aspects , Marathon running -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality Bones -- Metabolism Mineral metabolism Running -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22946 , vital:30153
- Description: Long distance running may present positive and negative effects on the bone mineral density (BMD) of such participants. The advantage of high impact loads placed on the body of these runners may be neutralised or reversed, as too high a load may cause a decreased BMD. Furthermore, competitive female runners are generally considered to be leaner than their peers due to the nature of the sport. Therefore, it is expected that the majority of these runners would have a low body fat percentage (BF%) and body mass index (BMI) which may negatively affect the BMD, resulting in impaired bone quality. Due to the general inaccessibility of BMD assessments because of the cost involved, the incidence of risk for lowered BMD among long distance runners and particularly female runners are not readily known. The primary aim of the present study was therefore to determine the BMD rating and its association with body composition (BF% and BMI) and other selected factors among female long distance runners in Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB). The study utilized a quantitative approach and was exploratory, descriptive and non-experimental in nature. Non-probability, convenience sampling was implemented. A total of 40 female long distance runners between the age of 25 and 68 years (with a mean age of 43.6 ± 9.67 years) who have completed at least two marathon events were included in the study. The study utilized a questionnaire to collect demographic and other relevant information from the participants; a stadiometer and an electronic scale to measure height and weight and ultimately calculate BMI; and a bone densitometer with Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) (Hologic Discovery W) to determine the various BMD variables required as well as the BF%. Three densitometry scans were performed by a qualified radiographer which presented four analyses namely that of the relevant BMD variables for the hip, lumbar spine and total body, respectively, as well as of the BF% for the total body. The results of the study in respect of the overall BMD profile of the female long distance runners was considered to be normal except for the lumbar spine, found to be osteopenic when considering the mean T-score for this region of those 50 years and older. Overall the participants had an ‘average’ BF% (26.71 ± 6.33%) classification according to the ACSM classification rating system and were classified as ‘normal’ (22.80 ± 2.58 kg/m²) in respect of the BMI category rating. Significant correlations (r ≥ 0.312) were found between BMI and BMD related Z-scores for the hip, lumbar spine and total body, respectively. When considering the effect of selected variables on the various BMD variables, BF% and BMI, respectively, the following significant (p < .05; d > 0.2) results were found: (1) BMD (one or more rating and or Z-score) was positively influenced (had higher ratings) in runners who were overweight, consumed alcoholic beverages of five or less per week and who ran less than 51 km/week, respectively; (2) BMD (one or more rating and or Z-score) was negatively influenced (had lower ratings) in runners who had more full-term pregnancies and among those who were menopausal, respectively; (3) BF% and BMI were both found to be lower in runners who: were not menopausal, competed in six or more ultra-marathon events, completed marathons in less than or equal to three hours and 50 minutes, had an incidence of breaking a bone due to a traumatic event, and engaged in an average weekly running distance of more than 50 km/week, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Meier, Catherine Anne
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Running -- Physiological aspects , Marathon running -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality Bones -- Metabolism Mineral metabolism Running -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22946 , vital:30153
- Description: Long distance running may present positive and negative effects on the bone mineral density (BMD) of such participants. The advantage of high impact loads placed on the body of these runners may be neutralised or reversed, as too high a load may cause a decreased BMD. Furthermore, competitive female runners are generally considered to be leaner than their peers due to the nature of the sport. Therefore, it is expected that the majority of these runners would have a low body fat percentage (BF%) and body mass index (BMI) which may negatively affect the BMD, resulting in impaired bone quality. Due to the general inaccessibility of BMD assessments because of the cost involved, the incidence of risk for lowered BMD among long distance runners and particularly female runners are not readily known. The primary aim of the present study was therefore to determine the BMD rating and its association with body composition (BF% and BMI) and other selected factors among female long distance runners in Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB). The study utilized a quantitative approach and was exploratory, descriptive and non-experimental in nature. Non-probability, convenience sampling was implemented. A total of 40 female long distance runners between the age of 25 and 68 years (with a mean age of 43.6 ± 9.67 years) who have completed at least two marathon events were included in the study. The study utilized a questionnaire to collect demographic and other relevant information from the participants; a stadiometer and an electronic scale to measure height and weight and ultimately calculate BMI; and a bone densitometer with Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) (Hologic Discovery W) to determine the various BMD variables required as well as the BF%. Three densitometry scans were performed by a qualified radiographer which presented four analyses namely that of the relevant BMD variables for the hip, lumbar spine and total body, respectively, as well as of the BF% for the total body. The results of the study in respect of the overall BMD profile of the female long distance runners was considered to be normal except for the lumbar spine, found to be osteopenic when considering the mean T-score for this region of those 50 years and older. Overall the participants had an ‘average’ BF% (26.71 ± 6.33%) classification according to the ACSM classification rating system and were classified as ‘normal’ (22.80 ± 2.58 kg/m²) in respect of the BMI category rating. Significant correlations (r ≥ 0.312) were found between BMI and BMD related Z-scores for the hip, lumbar spine and total body, respectively. When considering the effect of selected variables on the various BMD variables, BF% and BMI, respectively, the following significant (p < .05; d > 0.2) results were found: (1) BMD (one or more rating and or Z-score) was positively influenced (had higher ratings) in runners who were overweight, consumed alcoholic beverages of five or less per week and who ran less than 51 km/week, respectively; (2) BMD (one or more rating and or Z-score) was negatively influenced (had lower ratings) in runners who had more full-term pregnancies and among those who were menopausal, respectively; (3) BF% and BMI were both found to be lower in runners who: were not menopausal, competed in six or more ultra-marathon events, completed marathons in less than or equal to three hours and 50 minutes, had an incidence of breaking a bone due to a traumatic event, and engaged in an average weekly running distance of more than 50 km/week, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Breaking the poverty cycle: exploring farmers’ strategies to empower employees in the agricultural sector
- Authors: Venter, Morné
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Agricultural productivity -- South Africa , Agriculture -- Research -- Economic aspects -- Mathematical models , Industrial productivity , Employee motivation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36772 , vital:34052
- Description: The primary aim of this research project was to explore the various strategies of specific farmers who have chosen to improve productivity through innovative labour management strategies. In particular, to describe strategies that have empowered employees and will enable them to break the poverty cycle. The potential to highlight a business case for quality jobs in the agricultural sector could add to the understanding of labour-intensive agricultural production systems. Participants in this study empower their employees through various means, which includes intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The agricultural sector was specifically targeted in this study as farmworkers are some of the most vulnerable employee-populations in South Africa, because they have a relatively small chance of empowering themselves, or their children, as they are often stuck in the poverty cycle. The research method employed in this study was qualitative in order to gain an in depth understanding of labour management systems (LMS). Information was gathered through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with a number of purposively selected farmers. The participants in this study were selected for a select number of reasons. The main reason being that they employ strategies that empower their employees in various ways to ensure the future employability of these employees. All the participants are committed to ensuring the success of their employees, because this ensures the success of the farms. Farmworkers are one of the cornerstones on which a farming enterprise is built, another cornerstone is the farmer. When these two components understand and respect one another and work with each other, rather than against each other, both will prosper. The approaches that the participants in this study utilise to empower their workers ensure that the poverty cycle for these workers in this semi- and unskilled sector is broken and that they become, not only employable, but invaluable to the farms on which they work. The approaches were categorised from the one end as the point where labour is commodified and treated as a cost factor, the “low road” -this approach aligns with McGregor’s theory X and may be termed “exploitative”. While, at the other end of the continuum of approaches is the view that an employee has potential and investment in the employee will yield commitment and discretionary effort - this approach aligns with McGregor’s theory Y, the “high road”. This includes strategies to improve productivity and empower employees beyond the workplace, and to a certain extent, the community.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Venter, Morné
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Agricultural productivity -- South Africa , Agriculture -- Research -- Economic aspects -- Mathematical models , Industrial productivity , Employee motivation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36772 , vital:34052
- Description: The primary aim of this research project was to explore the various strategies of specific farmers who have chosen to improve productivity through innovative labour management strategies. In particular, to describe strategies that have empowered employees and will enable them to break the poverty cycle. The potential to highlight a business case for quality jobs in the agricultural sector could add to the understanding of labour-intensive agricultural production systems. Participants in this study empower their employees through various means, which includes intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The agricultural sector was specifically targeted in this study as farmworkers are some of the most vulnerable employee-populations in South Africa, because they have a relatively small chance of empowering themselves, or their children, as they are often stuck in the poverty cycle. The research method employed in this study was qualitative in order to gain an in depth understanding of labour management systems (LMS). Information was gathered through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with a number of purposively selected farmers. The participants in this study were selected for a select number of reasons. The main reason being that they employ strategies that empower their employees in various ways to ensure the future employability of these employees. All the participants are committed to ensuring the success of their employees, because this ensures the success of the farms. Farmworkers are one of the cornerstones on which a farming enterprise is built, another cornerstone is the farmer. When these two components understand and respect one another and work with each other, rather than against each other, both will prosper. The approaches that the participants in this study utilise to empower their workers ensure that the poverty cycle for these workers in this semi- and unskilled sector is broken and that they become, not only employable, but invaluable to the farms on which they work. The approaches were categorised from the one end as the point where labour is commodified and treated as a cost factor, the “low road” -this approach aligns with McGregor’s theory X and may be termed “exploitative”. While, at the other end of the continuum of approaches is the view that an employee has potential and investment in the employee will yield commitment and discretionary effort - this approach aligns with McGregor’s theory Y, the “high road”. This includes strategies to improve productivity and empower employees beyond the workplace, and to a certain extent, the community.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Bringing us back
- Authors: Dhliwayo, Mercy
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , Short stories, South African (English) -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63077 , vital:28361
- Description: My thesis takes the form of a collection of short stories set mostly in Zimbabwe and South Africa under the current political, social and economic climate. The themes I explore include forced migrations, identity, family disintegration and destitution. I use non-linear narration inspired by my reading of Dambudzo Marechera and Lidia Yuknavitch’s use of photographic imagery, in Black Sunlight and The Small Backs of Children respectively, to heighten my thematic concerns. The poetry in their language also serves as a source of inspiration, as does the graphic imagery used by Ayi Kwei Armah. In addition, I draw on the fragmented form used by Deepak Unnikrishnan to explore migration in his collection, Temporary People and Miljenko Jergovic’s investigation of violence and displacement in Sarajevo Marlboro.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dhliwayo, Mercy
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century , Short stories, South African (English) -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63077 , vital:28361
- Description: My thesis takes the form of a collection of short stories set mostly in Zimbabwe and South Africa under the current political, social and economic climate. The themes I explore include forced migrations, identity, family disintegration and destitution. I use non-linear narration inspired by my reading of Dambudzo Marechera and Lidia Yuknavitch’s use of photographic imagery, in Black Sunlight and The Small Backs of Children respectively, to heighten my thematic concerns. The poetry in their language also serves as a source of inspiration, as does the graphic imagery used by Ayi Kwei Armah. In addition, I draw on the fragmented form used by Deepak Unnikrishnan to explore migration in his collection, Temporary People and Miljenko Jergovic’s investigation of violence and displacement in Sarajevo Marlboro.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Bybelse verwysings in die poësie van Petra Müller
- Jacobus, Jason Clarence Jeremy
- Authors: Jacobus, Jason Clarence Jeremy
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Afrikaans poetry -- 20th century , Bible -- New Testament -- Criticism, interpretation, etc , Bible -- Old Testament -- Criticism, interpretation, etc , Allusions in literature
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30419 , vital:30941
- Description: In this dissertation, the Biblical allusions in Petra Müller’s poetry will be analysed. Biblical figures as well as specific scenes from the Bible often form the basis of her poems. At first, her poetry will be contextualised within the tradition of Afrikaans religious poetry and subsequently the theory of transtextuality or textual transcendence coined by Genette (1992) will be discussed – particularly those concepts that will be relevant to the analysis of the relationship between Müller’s poetry and the original Biblical text or textual fragment. How does Petra Müller utilise the Bible as a source and inspiration for her poetry? How does she engage with the original Biblical text alluded to in her work?
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Jacobus, Jason Clarence Jeremy
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Afrikaans poetry -- 20th century , Bible -- New Testament -- Criticism, interpretation, etc , Bible -- Old Testament -- Criticism, interpretation, etc , Allusions in literature
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30419 , vital:30941
- Description: In this dissertation, the Biblical allusions in Petra Müller’s poetry will be analysed. Biblical figures as well as specific scenes from the Bible often form the basis of her poems. At first, her poetry will be contextualised within the tradition of Afrikaans religious poetry and subsequently the theory of transtextuality or textual transcendence coined by Genette (1992) will be discussed – particularly those concepts that will be relevant to the analysis of the relationship between Müller’s poetry and the original Biblical text or textual fragment. How does Petra Müller utilise the Bible as a source and inspiration for her poetry? How does she engage with the original Biblical text alluded to in her work?
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Calibration and validation of satellite data (images) over inland water bodies and the effect caused by the adjacency towards them
- Authors: Faniso, Zimbini
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Hydrology Remote sensing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10350 , vital:35400
- Description: Remote sensing of inland water quality is a particularly challenging satellite Earth observation (EO) application. This arises because inland water bodies are small and optically complex targets that are generally dark compared to surrounding land. Inland water bodies are source supplies of water for both living and non-living organisms, that include human beings hence they need an observation. The spatial distribution of water changes over time and that leads to issues in different sectors like agricultural sector, environmental services and ecological issues. Signal reaching the satellite is usually dominated by light scattered in the atmosphere. Aerosols are strongly variable atmospheric constituents and play a major role in generating this unwanted signal which must be quantified and removed before any conclusions about water state and condition. In order to see how the aerosols affected the water state the light scattered in the atmosphere will be observed through electromagnetic spectrum bands in the atmosphere. This study will analyse the visible and near infrared wavebands of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as where it will be easy to distinguish the atmospheric noise types. A field campaign has been executed at Roodeplaat dam near Pretoria relating to Calibration and Validation (CalVal) of the recently launched Sentinel 2 and Sentinel 3 satellites. In situ measurements were taken at Roodeplaat dam simultaneously with the satellite overpass. Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Modelling (RTM) is required to analyse the satellite surface measurement data that is in the form of radiant quantities. Aerosol models for radiative transfer have been evaluated and refined to improve retrieval accuracy of water-leaving radiance at Roodeplaat dam. A retrieval algorithm for water-leaving radiance (Lw) and remote-sensing reflectance has been developed to analyse the sensitivity of the retrieval to aerosol optical properties, sensitivities, as well as proposals for enhanced retrieval methods, are presented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Faniso, Zimbini
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Hydrology Remote sensing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10350 , vital:35400
- Description: Remote sensing of inland water quality is a particularly challenging satellite Earth observation (EO) application. This arises because inland water bodies are small and optically complex targets that are generally dark compared to surrounding land. Inland water bodies are source supplies of water for both living and non-living organisms, that include human beings hence they need an observation. The spatial distribution of water changes over time and that leads to issues in different sectors like agricultural sector, environmental services and ecological issues. Signal reaching the satellite is usually dominated by light scattered in the atmosphere. Aerosols are strongly variable atmospheric constituents and play a major role in generating this unwanted signal which must be quantified and removed before any conclusions about water state and condition. In order to see how the aerosols affected the water state the light scattered in the atmosphere will be observed through electromagnetic spectrum bands in the atmosphere. This study will analyse the visible and near infrared wavebands of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as where it will be easy to distinguish the atmospheric noise types. A field campaign has been executed at Roodeplaat dam near Pretoria relating to Calibration and Validation (CalVal) of the recently launched Sentinel 2 and Sentinel 3 satellites. In situ measurements were taken at Roodeplaat dam simultaneously with the satellite overpass. Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Modelling (RTM) is required to analyse the satellite surface measurement data that is in the form of radiant quantities. Aerosol models for radiative transfer have been evaluated and refined to improve retrieval accuracy of water-leaving radiance at Roodeplaat dam. A retrieval algorithm for water-leaving radiance (Lw) and remote-sensing reflectance has been developed to analyse the sensitivity of the retrieval to aerosol optical properties, sensitivities, as well as proposals for enhanced retrieval methods, are presented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Capacitance spectroscopy of GaAs p-i-n solar cells embedded with GaNAs quantum wells
- Authors: Venter, Danielle Ahlers
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Solar cells , Photocatalysis Nanotechnology Fuel cells
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21593 , vital:29713
- Description: The search for higher efficiencies in solar cell technology has brought forth competitive ideas, among them tandem solar cells (TSC) and intermediate-band solar cells (IBSC). These cells deliver higher efficiencies by absorbing a wider range of the electro-magnetic spectrum compared to conventional cells, but do come with unique challenges. This includes, amongst others, the need to find suitable material systems, which can fully realise the requirements behind the concept. In this study, the notion of using dilute nitrides in III-V systems as a candidate for the IBSC is considered. Incorporation of GaNAs QW structures into GaAs p-i-n solar cells are structurally, optically and electrically characterised. At a first estimate the photovoltaic properties of the material is obtained through current-voltage (I-V) measurements under illumination. It is observed that the open circuit voltage (𝑉𝑂𝐶), short circuit current (𝐼𝑆𝐶) and conversion efficiency decrease upon the incorporation of the QWs. Electrically active defect levels are notorious for reducing the life time of electron-hole pairs, directly impacting cell efficiency. In an effort to gain a clearer understanding of this behavior, the study of electrically active deep level center present in such devices were investigated. A comprehensive understanding of defects in semiconductors remains of fundamental importance and thus reinforces this approach. This was done using two of the most commonly used semiconductor defect spectroscopy techniques viz. admittance spectroscopy (AS) and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Since in principle, these two techniques are similar, deep level related results were compared in order to verify the validity of the results. The devices under study, GaNAs/GaAs embedded QW p-i-n solar cells, were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). In particular, the doping of the quantum wells was varied and this effect on the electrical properties investigated. Four samples were studied and their electrical, optical and structural properties compared. The sample series consisted of a reference GaAs p-i-n diode that contained no embedded QWs and three GaAs p-i-n diodes each containing ten equally spaced and equally thick GaNAs QW layers. These layers were either Beryllium (Be) doped (p-type), un-doped or Silicon (Si) doped (n-type) respectively. Both AS and DLTS revealed deep level centers present in the devices. Each technique presented its own list of advantages and disadvantages and the collaborative use of both of them was found to be complementary in their determination of deep level defect centers. The correlation of these defects with the QWs is not clear as the structures were not optimized for capacitance spectroscopic measurements. NextNano++ simulation software was also used to theoretically model the electronic structure of the sample. The addition of the applied bias and its effect on the cross-over point of the Fermi level and the deep level energy, as well as the depletion width was investigated. This was a useful and essential tool for the interpretation of the results obtained and for the design of optimal structures for future studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Venter, Danielle Ahlers
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Solar cells , Photocatalysis Nanotechnology Fuel cells
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21593 , vital:29713
- Description: The search for higher efficiencies in solar cell technology has brought forth competitive ideas, among them tandem solar cells (TSC) and intermediate-band solar cells (IBSC). These cells deliver higher efficiencies by absorbing a wider range of the electro-magnetic spectrum compared to conventional cells, but do come with unique challenges. This includes, amongst others, the need to find suitable material systems, which can fully realise the requirements behind the concept. In this study, the notion of using dilute nitrides in III-V systems as a candidate for the IBSC is considered. Incorporation of GaNAs QW structures into GaAs p-i-n solar cells are structurally, optically and electrically characterised. At a first estimate the photovoltaic properties of the material is obtained through current-voltage (I-V) measurements under illumination. It is observed that the open circuit voltage (𝑉𝑂𝐶), short circuit current (𝐼𝑆𝐶) and conversion efficiency decrease upon the incorporation of the QWs. Electrically active defect levels are notorious for reducing the life time of electron-hole pairs, directly impacting cell efficiency. In an effort to gain a clearer understanding of this behavior, the study of electrically active deep level center present in such devices were investigated. A comprehensive understanding of defects in semiconductors remains of fundamental importance and thus reinforces this approach. This was done using two of the most commonly used semiconductor defect spectroscopy techniques viz. admittance spectroscopy (AS) and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Since in principle, these two techniques are similar, deep level related results were compared in order to verify the validity of the results. The devices under study, GaNAs/GaAs embedded QW p-i-n solar cells, were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). In particular, the doping of the quantum wells was varied and this effect on the electrical properties investigated. Four samples were studied and their electrical, optical and structural properties compared. The sample series consisted of a reference GaAs p-i-n diode that contained no embedded QWs and three GaAs p-i-n diodes each containing ten equally spaced and equally thick GaNAs QW layers. These layers were either Beryllium (Be) doped (p-type), un-doped or Silicon (Si) doped (n-type) respectively. Both AS and DLTS revealed deep level centers present in the devices. Each technique presented its own list of advantages and disadvantages and the collaborative use of both of them was found to be complementary in their determination of deep level defect centers. The correlation of these defects with the QWs is not clear as the structures were not optimized for capacitance spectroscopic measurements. NextNano++ simulation software was also used to theoretically model the electronic structure of the sample. The addition of the applied bias and its effect on the cross-over point of the Fermi level and the deep level energy, as well as the depletion width was investigated. This was a useful and essential tool for the interpretation of the results obtained and for the design of optimal structures for future studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Capital v Revenue: the income tax test of intention
- Authors: Haworth, Christi-Anne
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Income tax -- Law and legislation -- New Zealand , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa Taxation -- Law and legislation -- South Africa Taxation -- Law and legislation -- New Zealand Tax planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30028 , vital:30811
- Description: The purpose of this research was to identify and comment on various interpretive problems posed by using ‘intention’ as a legal test to classify a taxpayer’s taxable gross income. Using an integrative literature review method, the research provides a detailed discussion of the historical interpretation of this test, and identifies various interpretive problems arising from the inconsistent and differing interpretation of this test by the courts. Having identified that certain jurists and authors take guidance from criminal law in their interpretation of intention, an analysis of the approach in this area of law, as well as in the law of delict is made. The difference between motive and intention forms part of this discussion. The conclusion is drawn that intention as it is used in the criminal law is not an appropriate test to be applied in income tax. Having drawn this conclusion, and expanding on an identified jurisdiction a comparison is drawn between the approach by courts in New Zealand and courts in South Africa regarding the purpose with which a taxpayer acquires an asset or undertakes a transaction. The difference between purpose and intention is expanded upon and explained as it is seen by the courts in this jurisdiction. Throughout the body of the treatise certain recommendations are made, and parallels are drawn between the South African approach and the approach in New Zealand.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Haworth, Christi-Anne
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Income tax -- Law and legislation -- New Zealand , Income tax -- Law and legislation -- South Africa Taxation -- Law and legislation -- South Africa Taxation -- Law and legislation -- New Zealand Tax planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30028 , vital:30811
- Description: The purpose of this research was to identify and comment on various interpretive problems posed by using ‘intention’ as a legal test to classify a taxpayer’s taxable gross income. Using an integrative literature review method, the research provides a detailed discussion of the historical interpretation of this test, and identifies various interpretive problems arising from the inconsistent and differing interpretation of this test by the courts. Having identified that certain jurists and authors take guidance from criminal law in their interpretation of intention, an analysis of the approach in this area of law, as well as in the law of delict is made. The difference between motive and intention forms part of this discussion. The conclusion is drawn that intention as it is used in the criminal law is not an appropriate test to be applied in income tax. Having drawn this conclusion, and expanding on an identified jurisdiction a comparison is drawn between the approach by courts in New Zealand and courts in South Africa regarding the purpose with which a taxpayer acquires an asset or undertakes a transaction. The difference between purpose and intention is expanded upon and explained as it is seen by the courts in this jurisdiction. Throughout the body of the treatise certain recommendations are made, and parallels are drawn between the South African approach and the approach in New Zealand.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Care and handling of surgical instruments by professional nurses in the operating rooms in the Nelson Mandela Bay
- Bloemetje, Virginia Victoria
- Authors: Bloemetje, Virginia Victoria
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Surgical nursing -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Operating room nursing -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality Surgical instruments and apparatus
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21779 , vital:29776
- Description: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), caused by viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens, can have a devastating effect on patients, families and health-care organisations. Furthermore, dealing with HAIs can be costly and add to an increase in hospital stays, medical costs, as well as the rates of morbidity and mortality. Operating rooms (OR) are dynamic units that pose a high risk for surgical infections in health-care organisations. In order to minimise surgical-site infections (SSI) and other related infections in ORs, it is important to care for and handle surgical instruments correctly and in accordance with what is considered to be best practice. This research study was conducted to explore and describe the knowledge of professional nurses related to the care and handling of surgical instruments in the ORs in the medical facilities both in the private and public sectors in Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB). The research design was quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. The research sample comprised of professional nurses in the ORs in the public and private hospitals, who made themselves available and who were willing to participate in the study. The data was collected by means of a structured self-administered questionnaire that was based on a narrative literature review. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the responses from the professional nurses in the OR, collected using the questionnaire. Ethical considerations have been applied throughout the research study and all the relevant findings have been disseminated accordingly. Recommendations, based on best-practice guidelines, were developed to optimise the care and handling of surgical instruments by professional nurses in the ORs. Professional nurses in the ORs who are involved in cleaning surgical instruments should know how to manage certain cleaning procedures. Disinfection and the sterilisation of surgical instruments can only be achieved by following efficient cleaning procedures. When performed properly, cleaning can effectively reduce the growth of microorganisms on surgical instruments, in order to prepare the instruments for disinfection and sterilisation. The importance of this step cannot be overemphasised since organic material, soil and debris can block the disinfectant or sterilising agent from making complete contact with the surface of the instruments. Additionally, cleaning allows for the safe handling of the instruments by professional nurses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Bloemetje, Virginia Victoria
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Surgical nursing -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Operating room nursing -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality Surgical instruments and apparatus
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21779 , vital:29776
- Description: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), caused by viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens, can have a devastating effect on patients, families and health-care organisations. Furthermore, dealing with HAIs can be costly and add to an increase in hospital stays, medical costs, as well as the rates of morbidity and mortality. Operating rooms (OR) are dynamic units that pose a high risk for surgical infections in health-care organisations. In order to minimise surgical-site infections (SSI) and other related infections in ORs, it is important to care for and handle surgical instruments correctly and in accordance with what is considered to be best practice. This research study was conducted to explore and describe the knowledge of professional nurses related to the care and handling of surgical instruments in the ORs in the medical facilities both in the private and public sectors in Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB). The research design was quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. The research sample comprised of professional nurses in the ORs in the public and private hospitals, who made themselves available and who were willing to participate in the study. The data was collected by means of a structured self-administered questionnaire that was based on a narrative literature review. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the responses from the professional nurses in the OR, collected using the questionnaire. Ethical considerations have been applied throughout the research study and all the relevant findings have been disseminated accordingly. Recommendations, based on best-practice guidelines, were developed to optimise the care and handling of surgical instruments by professional nurses in the ORs. Professional nurses in the ORs who are involved in cleaning surgical instruments should know how to manage certain cleaning procedures. Disinfection and the sterilisation of surgical instruments can only be achieved by following efficient cleaning procedures. When performed properly, cleaning can effectively reduce the growth of microorganisms on surgical instruments, in order to prepare the instruments for disinfection and sterilisation. The importance of this step cannot be overemphasised since organic material, soil and debris can block the disinfectant or sterilising agent from making complete contact with the surface of the instruments. Additionally, cleaning allows for the safe handling of the instruments by professional nurses.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Causes and impacts of delays in low-income housing projects in the greater Nelson Mandela Bay and Buffolo City Municipality
- Authors: Xongo, Nwabisa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Project management -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Project management -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Municipality Low-income housing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Public housing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Housing development -- South Africa Construction industry -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36259 , vital:33916
- Description: A construction project depends upon having correct people with the correct skills and usable equipment, therefore to deliver the project on time, on budget and specified quality. Project success can be attained if the construction works moves professionally within the time schedule. Delays to projects mean the go slow of process and all other related fields. The main aim of this study is to assess the numerous causes of delays and reasons for those delays that are currently affecting the project in low income housing projects in Nelson Mandela Bay and Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Xongo, Nwabisa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Project management -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Project management -- South Africa -- Buffalo City Municipality Low-income housing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Public housing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Housing development -- South Africa Construction industry -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/36259 , vital:33916
- Description: A construction project depends upon having correct people with the correct skills and usable equipment, therefore to deliver the project on time, on budget and specified quality. Project success can be attained if the construction works moves professionally within the time schedule. Delays to projects mean the go slow of process and all other related fields. The main aim of this study is to assess the numerous causes of delays and reasons for those delays that are currently affecting the project in low income housing projects in Nelson Mandela Bay and Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2018
Challenges emanating from non-payment for municipal services in Bitou Municipality
- Authors: Noholoza, Malungisa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Evaluation , Debts, Public -- South Africa -- Western Cape Collecting of accounts -- South Africa -- Western Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33453 , vital:32875
- Description: Local Government has an obligation to provide access to basic services in an economical, effective and efficient manner within their limited financial resources and capacity. However, municipalities are struggling to provide these services because of non-payment by the communities. The non-payment for municipal services dates back to the apartheid regime, where non-payment of services was a means of protesting the apartheid government but that protest is becoming a thorny issue in the current democratic government of South Africa. Municipalities are currently facing increasing challenges with regard to service delivery due to insufficient revenue collection. The South African legislative framework provides for municipalities to collect revenue but it has been shown in this study that municipalities have not been effective in dealing with the revenue collection and as a result, municipalities’ constitutional mandate is in dire straits. Revenue collection needs to be addressed for municipalities to be successful. With the use of qualitative methodology, this study found that the Bitou Municipality is struggling to decrease the current rate of outstanding debt and the attempts undertaken by the municipality to address revenue collection have not yielded the intended results. The study was aimed at identifying the challenges behind non-payment for basic services, identifying the debt and credit control strategies employed by the municipality in revenue collection and their effectiveness or non-effectiveness and assessing the municipality’s methods of credit and debt control. The theoretical data in the study was analysed in order to answer the objectives of the study and the challenges emanating from the non-payment for municipal services in the Bitou Municipality. The study found that non-payment for municipal services is an on-going problem.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Noholoza, Malungisa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Evaluation , Debts, Public -- South Africa -- Western Cape Collecting of accounts -- South Africa -- Western Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33453 , vital:32875
- Description: Local Government has an obligation to provide access to basic services in an economical, effective and efficient manner within their limited financial resources and capacity. However, municipalities are struggling to provide these services because of non-payment by the communities. The non-payment for municipal services dates back to the apartheid regime, where non-payment of services was a means of protesting the apartheid government but that protest is becoming a thorny issue in the current democratic government of South Africa. Municipalities are currently facing increasing challenges with regard to service delivery due to insufficient revenue collection. The South African legislative framework provides for municipalities to collect revenue but it has been shown in this study that municipalities have not been effective in dealing with the revenue collection and as a result, municipalities’ constitutional mandate is in dire straits. Revenue collection needs to be addressed for municipalities to be successful. With the use of qualitative methodology, this study found that the Bitou Municipality is struggling to decrease the current rate of outstanding debt and the attempts undertaken by the municipality to address revenue collection have not yielded the intended results. The study was aimed at identifying the challenges behind non-payment for basic services, identifying the debt and credit control strategies employed by the municipality in revenue collection and their effectiveness or non-effectiveness and assessing the municipality’s methods of credit and debt control. The theoretical data in the study was analysed in order to answer the objectives of the study and the challenges emanating from the non-payment for municipal services in the Bitou Municipality. The study found that non-payment for municipal services is an on-going problem.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Challenges experienced by the Sarah Baartman District Municipality in the rendering of environmental health services
- Authors: Somi, Zoleka
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Environmental health -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public health -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/35469 , vital:33735
- Description: This study highlights challenges experienced by the Sarah Baartman District Municipality in the rendering of environmental health services. Although the Sarah Baartman District Municipality (SBDM) is primarily responsible for the rendering of environmental health services, the local municipalities that have environmental health practitioners within their areas of jurisdiction were appointed to act as its agents in the rendering of municipal health services. Sarah Baartman District Municipality therefore currently utilises the external service delivery mechanism. In 2004 the Sarah Baartman District Municipality was allocated powers and functions for the rendering of municipal health services which were previously a shared responsibility between the Eastern Cape Department of Health, the district municipality and local municipalities. In terms of section 78 (1) of the Municipal Systems Act, 2000 (Act 32 of 2000), on the allocation of new powers and functions, a municipality is required to assess conditions and capacity to deliver the service. In 2008 Sarah Baartman District Municipality appointed the Klyveld, Peat, Marwick and Groerdeler (KPMG) accounting firm to assess these conditions. The assessment identified a number of challenges regarding the current external service delivery mechanism. Based on the outcomes of this section 78 assessment, it was quite clear that the current external service delivery mechanism is the foundation for challenges in the effective rendering of Environmental Health Services at Sarah Baartman District Municipality. The aim of this study was to identify, explore and describe the challenges experienced by the Sarah Baartman District Municipality in the rendering of environmental health services in terms of its current external service delivery mechanism. The study was qualitative, with explorative and descriptive designs by nature. It was conducted at Sarah Baartman District Municipality which is made up of seven local municipalities. The target population for this study was 21 environmental health practitioners practicing within the SBDM (N=21). A purposive sample of eight (n=8) environmental health practitioners were identified to participate in the study. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data. A semi-structured interview guide was used to conduct the in-depth interviews and a focus group. Data was analysed using Tesch’s method of data analysis. The study revealed that the current external service delivery mechanism is the foundation for challenges in the effective rendering of environmental health services at SBDM. This study proposes that Sarah Baartman District Municipality should bring back the function of environmental health from the local municipalities and utilise the internal service delivery mechanism in the rendering of environmental health services.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Somi, Zoleka
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Environmental health -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Public health -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/35469 , vital:33735
- Description: This study highlights challenges experienced by the Sarah Baartman District Municipality in the rendering of environmental health services. Although the Sarah Baartman District Municipality (SBDM) is primarily responsible for the rendering of environmental health services, the local municipalities that have environmental health practitioners within their areas of jurisdiction were appointed to act as its agents in the rendering of municipal health services. Sarah Baartman District Municipality therefore currently utilises the external service delivery mechanism. In 2004 the Sarah Baartman District Municipality was allocated powers and functions for the rendering of municipal health services which were previously a shared responsibility between the Eastern Cape Department of Health, the district municipality and local municipalities. In terms of section 78 (1) of the Municipal Systems Act, 2000 (Act 32 of 2000), on the allocation of new powers and functions, a municipality is required to assess conditions and capacity to deliver the service. In 2008 Sarah Baartman District Municipality appointed the Klyveld, Peat, Marwick and Groerdeler (KPMG) accounting firm to assess these conditions. The assessment identified a number of challenges regarding the current external service delivery mechanism. Based on the outcomes of this section 78 assessment, it was quite clear that the current external service delivery mechanism is the foundation for challenges in the effective rendering of Environmental Health Services at Sarah Baartman District Municipality. The aim of this study was to identify, explore and describe the challenges experienced by the Sarah Baartman District Municipality in the rendering of environmental health services in terms of its current external service delivery mechanism. The study was qualitative, with explorative and descriptive designs by nature. It was conducted at Sarah Baartman District Municipality which is made up of seven local municipalities. The target population for this study was 21 environmental health practitioners practicing within the SBDM (N=21). A purposive sample of eight (n=8) environmental health practitioners were identified to participate in the study. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data. A semi-structured interview guide was used to conduct the in-depth interviews and a focus group. Data was analysed using Tesch’s method of data analysis. The study revealed that the current external service delivery mechanism is the foundation for challenges in the effective rendering of environmental health services at SBDM. This study proposes that Sarah Baartman District Municipality should bring back the function of environmental health from the local municipalities and utilise the internal service delivery mechanism in the rendering of environmental health services.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Challenges facing guardians of children with autism spectrum disorder : a case study of Buffalo City and Chris Hani, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Choocky, Peter Nomawande
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Autistic children--Family relationships--South Africa Autistic children--Education Autism spectrum disorders in children
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Social Work
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15485 , vital:40412
- Description: This study, focused on challenges facing guardians of children with autism spectrum disorder at Buffalo City Metro and Lady Frere in Chris Hani District in the Eastern Cape (South Africa). The specific objectives of the study were: investigate the challenges faced by guardians of children with autism spectrum disorder; to investigate the extent of support offered by family members, community members, and local organisations; and to assess the support services offered by professionals working with families of children with autism spectrum disorder. The study was exploratory and qualitative in nature. Semi structured interviews consisting of seventeen (17) guardians of children with autism spectrum disorder were conducted. A once off session of eight (8) different professionals who served as focus group members was also conducted as method of data collection. The study discovered the following: Poor oversight by the legislature specifically on autism spectrum disorder interventions which is a constitutional obligation, compromises key services for the vulnerable groups; the derisory personnel to deliver effective interventions to guardians of children with autism spectrum disorder; lack of coping mechanisms by guardians to deal with the situation; lack of information about autism spectrum disorder especially in rural areas; the information on autism spectrum disorder is much better in urban setup than rural areas; poor stakeholder relations result in poor service rendition; and there is minimal or no support at all from family members and general public to families of children with autism spectrum disorder. The study made the following recommendations: Resources are still benefitted more by urban dwellers and rural areas still suffer such that Chris Hani still access services in Buffalo City, a need for vibrant integrated psychosocial interventions by various stakeholders with social service practitioners being part of the team; the Department of Education in Eastern Cape to recognize homeschooling and assist in registering homeschools as alternative centers for education to benefit children with autism spectrum disorder; the Eastern Cape Legislature to establish a vibrant monitoring and evaluation sector to measure the impact of site visits for various government departments; the government should scale up resource allocation for autism related interventions; the government should tackle and practically address the imbalances of the past as resources are still in urban areas such as specialized health care facilities; the policy development on management of autism spectrum disorder is paramount; and the general public and families must be empowered so that they can support the guardians of children with autism spectrum disorder.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Choocky, Peter Nomawande
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Autistic children--Family relationships--South Africa Autistic children--Education Autism spectrum disorders in children
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Social Work
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15485 , vital:40412
- Description: This study, focused on challenges facing guardians of children with autism spectrum disorder at Buffalo City Metro and Lady Frere in Chris Hani District in the Eastern Cape (South Africa). The specific objectives of the study were: investigate the challenges faced by guardians of children with autism spectrum disorder; to investigate the extent of support offered by family members, community members, and local organisations; and to assess the support services offered by professionals working with families of children with autism spectrum disorder. The study was exploratory and qualitative in nature. Semi structured interviews consisting of seventeen (17) guardians of children with autism spectrum disorder were conducted. A once off session of eight (8) different professionals who served as focus group members was also conducted as method of data collection. The study discovered the following: Poor oversight by the legislature specifically on autism spectrum disorder interventions which is a constitutional obligation, compromises key services for the vulnerable groups; the derisory personnel to deliver effective interventions to guardians of children with autism spectrum disorder; lack of coping mechanisms by guardians to deal with the situation; lack of information about autism spectrum disorder especially in rural areas; the information on autism spectrum disorder is much better in urban setup than rural areas; poor stakeholder relations result in poor service rendition; and there is minimal or no support at all from family members and general public to families of children with autism spectrum disorder. The study made the following recommendations: Resources are still benefitted more by urban dwellers and rural areas still suffer such that Chris Hani still access services in Buffalo City, a need for vibrant integrated psychosocial interventions by various stakeholders with social service practitioners being part of the team; the Department of Education in Eastern Cape to recognize homeschooling and assist in registering homeschools as alternative centers for education to benefit children with autism spectrum disorder; the Eastern Cape Legislature to establish a vibrant monitoring and evaluation sector to measure the impact of site visits for various government departments; the government should scale up resource allocation for autism related interventions; the government should tackle and practically address the imbalances of the past as resources are still in urban areas such as specialized health care facilities; the policy development on management of autism spectrum disorder is paramount; and the general public and families must be empowered so that they can support the guardians of children with autism spectrum disorder.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Challenges facing the state of construction health and safety management practices within the Eastern Cape: a case of the Sarah Baartman District
- Authors: Mafuya, Nomakhwezi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Industrial safety -- Management , Construction industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Construction industry -- Safety measures -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/31532 , vital:31504
- Description: The construction industry has a poor Health and Safety (H&S) record globally and South Africa is no exception (Haupt, 2016: 1). The construction industry is integrally a high-impact and dangerous industry with less than a 50% ratio in compliance to H&S standards (PricewaterhouseCoppers (PwC), 2016). This study is aimed towards evolving a solution to mitigate the fatalities and injuries, occupational health hazards, non-compliance with legislation and design originated hazards and the reoccurring problems experienced by the Eastern Cape Department of Public Works (ECDPW) on projects. Literature points out that H&S performance is attributable to a lack of management commitment, inadequate supervision, inadequate H&S training, and lack of worker involvement (construction industry development board (cidb), 2009: 36). Huang and Hinze (2006: 179) contend that clients‟ participation in project H&S can significantly influence project performance. Various researchers have amplified the importance of leadership roles and involvement of clients in H&S. A quantitative survey and qualitative inquiry were utilised to gather and analyse data within the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Three questionnaires were developed and distributed to a target population, and interviews were conducted. The study focuses on seven schools, namely; Stormsriver, Jubilee, Mfesane, Bongweni, David Livingstone, Kaiser Ngxwane and Bethelsdorp, which are on-going for the 2016/2017 financial period during which the research study was conducted. A total of 136 responses were used to analyse the data. All project stakeholders, namely: project managers, contractors‟ site managers, and workers contributed to the study. The frequency of H&S actions varied with each stakeholder dependent on the stage in which they were involved. The study determined that extensive inadequacy of construction expertise in terms of H&S including H&S consultants and departmental H&S personnel, inadequate management and supervision on site, inadequate workers participation, inadequate H&S training, inadequate expertise in H&S management, inadequate designer report, inadequate H&S knowledge and awareness, negligence, unsafe acts, unskilled workers, unsafe conditions, non-compliance with H&S regulations, Safe v Operating Procedure (SOPs) and Safe Working Procedures (SWPs), inadequate commitment of various project stakeholders, ignorance, poor client H&S leadership throughout certain aspects of the ECDPW projects are the primary cause of fatalities and injuries, ill-health, design originated hazards, non-compliance and the reoccurrence of problems. Recommendations were for H&S to be integrated within the Departments internal project systems from project inception to project close out, and to enhance H&S knowledge and skills in order to mitigate the reoccurrences of problems on projects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mafuya, Nomakhwezi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Industrial safety -- Management , Construction industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Construction industry -- Safety measures -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/31532 , vital:31504
- Description: The construction industry has a poor Health and Safety (H&S) record globally and South Africa is no exception (Haupt, 2016: 1). The construction industry is integrally a high-impact and dangerous industry with less than a 50% ratio in compliance to H&S standards (PricewaterhouseCoppers (PwC), 2016). This study is aimed towards evolving a solution to mitigate the fatalities and injuries, occupational health hazards, non-compliance with legislation and design originated hazards and the reoccurring problems experienced by the Eastern Cape Department of Public Works (ECDPW) on projects. Literature points out that H&S performance is attributable to a lack of management commitment, inadequate supervision, inadequate H&S training, and lack of worker involvement (construction industry development board (cidb), 2009: 36). Huang and Hinze (2006: 179) contend that clients‟ participation in project H&S can significantly influence project performance. Various researchers have amplified the importance of leadership roles and involvement of clients in H&S. A quantitative survey and qualitative inquiry were utilised to gather and analyse data within the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Three questionnaires were developed and distributed to a target population, and interviews were conducted. The study focuses on seven schools, namely; Stormsriver, Jubilee, Mfesane, Bongweni, David Livingstone, Kaiser Ngxwane and Bethelsdorp, which are on-going for the 2016/2017 financial period during which the research study was conducted. A total of 136 responses were used to analyse the data. All project stakeholders, namely: project managers, contractors‟ site managers, and workers contributed to the study. The frequency of H&S actions varied with each stakeholder dependent on the stage in which they were involved. The study determined that extensive inadequacy of construction expertise in terms of H&S including H&S consultants and departmental H&S personnel, inadequate management and supervision on site, inadequate workers participation, inadequate H&S training, inadequate expertise in H&S management, inadequate designer report, inadequate H&S knowledge and awareness, negligence, unsafe acts, unskilled workers, unsafe conditions, non-compliance with H&S regulations, Safe v Operating Procedure (SOPs) and Safe Working Procedures (SWPs), inadequate commitment of various project stakeholders, ignorance, poor client H&S leadership throughout certain aspects of the ECDPW projects are the primary cause of fatalities and injuries, ill-health, design originated hazards, non-compliance and the reoccurrence of problems. Recommendations were for H&S to be integrated within the Departments internal project systems from project inception to project close out, and to enhance H&S knowledge and skills in order to mitigate the reoccurrences of problems on projects.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Challenges facing Ubomi Obutsha gardening project in kwazakhele, Port elizabeth
- Authors: Malangeni, Silindile Portia
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Community development -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Poverty -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22453 , vital:29971
- Description: Food gardening projects are mostly grappling with access to seeds, water and suitable equipment in developing communities. Such projects are a direct and effective way to enhance food availability and access and strengthen the resilience of local food systems. This study has investigated the challenges facing food gardening project in KwaZakhele Township, Port Elizabeth. The study followed qualitative approach which include individual interviews using an interview schedule. To supplement the interviews, secondary data was gathered from relevant journals, books and other sources. The research objectives of this study include among others, to investigate the challenges experienced by the members of Ubomi Obutsha gardening project in KwaZakhele Township, to contribute within the body of knowledge in poverty alleviation discourse and to come up with the recommendations with the view to resolve some of the problems pertaining to Ubomi Obutsha gardening project in KwaZakhele Township.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Malangeni, Silindile Portia
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Community development -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Poverty -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/22453 , vital:29971
- Description: Food gardening projects are mostly grappling with access to seeds, water and suitable equipment in developing communities. Such projects are a direct and effective way to enhance food availability and access and strengthen the resilience of local food systems. This study has investigated the challenges facing food gardening project in KwaZakhele Township, Port Elizabeth. The study followed qualitative approach which include individual interviews using an interview schedule. To supplement the interviews, secondary data was gathered from relevant journals, books and other sources. The research objectives of this study include among others, to investigate the challenges experienced by the members of Ubomi Obutsha gardening project in KwaZakhele Township, to contribute within the body of knowledge in poverty alleviation discourse and to come up with the recommendations with the view to resolve some of the problems pertaining to Ubomi Obutsha gardening project in KwaZakhele Township.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Challenging Biblical boundaries: Jeanette Winterson’s postmodern feminist subversion of Biblical discourse in Oranges are not the only fruit (1985) and Boating for beginners (1985)
- Authors: Erasmus, Shirley
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Winterson, Jeanette, 1959- -- Criticism and interpretation , Bible -- Feminist criticism , Bible -- Criticism, interpretation, etc , Postmodernism -- Religious aspects , Winterson, Jeanette, 1959- -- Oranges are not the only fruit , Winterson, Jeanette, 1959- -- Boating for beginners , Patriarchy in literature , Sex discrimination in literature
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59121 , vital:27430
- Description: This thesis investigates the subversion of Biblical discourse in Jeanette Winterson’s first two novels, Oranges are Not the Only Fruit and Boating for Beginners. By rewriting Biblical stories Winterson challenges traditional Western religious discourses and their rules for heteronormative social and sexual behaviours and desires. Winterson’s texts respond to the patriarchal nature of socially pervasive texts, such as the Bible, by encouraging her readers to regard these texts with suspicion, thus highlighting what can be seen as a ‘postmodern concern’ with the notion of ‘truth’. Chapter One of this thesis comprises a discussion of Biblical boundaries. These boundaries, I argue, are a process of historical oppression which serves to subjugate and control women, a practice inherent in the Bible and modern society. The Biblical boundaries within which women are expected to live, are carefully portrayed in Oranges and then comically and blasphemously mocked in Boating. Chapter One also argues that Winterson’s sexuality plays an important role in the understanding of her texts, despite her desire for her sexuality to remain ‘outside’ her writing. Chapter Two of this thesis, examines the mix of fact and fiction in Oranges, in order to create a new genre: fictional memoir. The chapter introduces the concept of the ‘autobiographical pact’ and the textual agreement which Winterson creates with her readers. In this chapter, I examine Winterson’s powerful subversion of Biblical discourse, through her narration of Jeanette’s ‘coming out’ within a Biblical framework. Chapter Three of this thesis examines Winterson’s second book, Boating, and the serious elements of this comic book. This chapter studies the various postmodern narrative techniques used in Boating in order to subvert Biblical and historical discourse. Chapter Three highlights Winterson’s postmodern concern with the construction of history as ‘truth’. Finally, Chapter Four compares Oranges and Boating, showing the texts as differing, yet equally relevant textual counterparts. This chapter examines the anti-feminine characters in both texts and Winterson’s ability to align her reader with a feminist or lesbian viewpoint. This thesis argues that Winterson’s first two texts deliberately challenge Biblical discourse in favour of a postmodern feminist viewpoint.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Erasmus, Shirley
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Winterson, Jeanette, 1959- -- Criticism and interpretation , Bible -- Feminist criticism , Bible -- Criticism, interpretation, etc , Postmodernism -- Religious aspects , Winterson, Jeanette, 1959- -- Oranges are not the only fruit , Winterson, Jeanette, 1959- -- Boating for beginners , Patriarchy in literature , Sex discrimination in literature
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59121 , vital:27430
- Description: This thesis investigates the subversion of Biblical discourse in Jeanette Winterson’s first two novels, Oranges are Not the Only Fruit and Boating for Beginners. By rewriting Biblical stories Winterson challenges traditional Western religious discourses and their rules for heteronormative social and sexual behaviours and desires. Winterson’s texts respond to the patriarchal nature of socially pervasive texts, such as the Bible, by encouraging her readers to regard these texts with suspicion, thus highlighting what can be seen as a ‘postmodern concern’ with the notion of ‘truth’. Chapter One of this thesis comprises a discussion of Biblical boundaries. These boundaries, I argue, are a process of historical oppression which serves to subjugate and control women, a practice inherent in the Bible and modern society. The Biblical boundaries within which women are expected to live, are carefully portrayed in Oranges and then comically and blasphemously mocked in Boating. Chapter One also argues that Winterson’s sexuality plays an important role in the understanding of her texts, despite her desire for her sexuality to remain ‘outside’ her writing. Chapter Two of this thesis, examines the mix of fact and fiction in Oranges, in order to create a new genre: fictional memoir. The chapter introduces the concept of the ‘autobiographical pact’ and the textual agreement which Winterson creates with her readers. In this chapter, I examine Winterson’s powerful subversion of Biblical discourse, through her narration of Jeanette’s ‘coming out’ within a Biblical framework. Chapter Three of this thesis examines Winterson’s second book, Boating, and the serious elements of this comic book. This chapter studies the various postmodern narrative techniques used in Boating in order to subvert Biblical and historical discourse. Chapter Three highlights Winterson’s postmodern concern with the construction of history as ‘truth’. Finally, Chapter Four compares Oranges and Boating, showing the texts as differing, yet equally relevant textual counterparts. This chapter examines the anti-feminine characters in both texts and Winterson’s ability to align her reader with a feminist or lesbian viewpoint. This thesis argues that Winterson’s first two texts deliberately challenge Biblical discourse in favour of a postmodern feminist viewpoint.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Characterisation of surfaces modified with phthalocyanines through click chemistry for applications in electrochemical sensing
- O'Donoghue, Charles St John Nqwabuko
- Authors: O'Donoghue, Charles St John Nqwabuko
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Electrodes, Carbon , Phthalocyanines , X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy , Electrochemistry , Electrochemical sensors , Hydrazine , Click chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/58046 , vital:27038
- Description: One form of surface modification was primarily investigated in this work on glassy carbon electrodes. The form of modification is comprised of a series of steps in which electrografting is first applied to the glassy carbon surface, which is then followed up with click chemistry to ultimately immobilise a phthalocyanine onto the surface. The modified glassy carbon electrodes and surfaces were characterised with a combination of scanning electrochemical microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and various electrochemical methods. In this work, three alkyne substituted phthalocyanines were used. Two novel phthalocyanines, with nickel and cobalt metal centres, were studied alongside a manganese phthalocyanine reported in literature. Each of the three phthalocyanines was modified at the peripheral position with a 1-hexyne group, via a glycosidic bond, yielding the terminal alkyne groups that were used for subsequent click reactions. In situ diazotisation was used to graft 4-azidoaniline groups to the surface of the glassy carbon electrode. The azide bearing 4- azidoaniline groups were thus used to anchor the tetra substituted phthalocyanines to the surface of the electrodes. This method yielded successful modification of the electrodes and lead to their application in sensing studies. The modified electrodes were primarily used to catalyse the common agricultural oxidising agent hydrazine.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: O'Donoghue, Charles St John Nqwabuko
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Electrodes, Carbon , Phthalocyanines , X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy , Electrochemistry , Electrochemical sensors , Hydrazine , Click chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/58046 , vital:27038
- Description: One form of surface modification was primarily investigated in this work on glassy carbon electrodes. The form of modification is comprised of a series of steps in which electrografting is first applied to the glassy carbon surface, which is then followed up with click chemistry to ultimately immobilise a phthalocyanine onto the surface. The modified glassy carbon electrodes and surfaces were characterised with a combination of scanning electrochemical microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and various electrochemical methods. In this work, three alkyne substituted phthalocyanines were used. Two novel phthalocyanines, with nickel and cobalt metal centres, were studied alongside a manganese phthalocyanine reported in literature. Each of the three phthalocyanines was modified at the peripheral position with a 1-hexyne group, via a glycosidic bond, yielding the terminal alkyne groups that were used for subsequent click reactions. In situ diazotisation was used to graft 4-azidoaniline groups to the surface of the glassy carbon electrode. The azide bearing 4- azidoaniline groups were thus used to anchor the tetra substituted phthalocyanines to the surface of the electrodes. This method yielded successful modification of the electrodes and lead to their application in sensing studies. The modified electrodes were primarily used to catalyse the common agricultural oxidising agent hydrazine.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018