Perspectives on the nine symphonies of Anton Bruckner : aspects of thematic and harmonic compositional techniques, with special reference to the first and final movements, symphonies one to nine
- Authors: Gibson, Penelope Anne
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Bruckner, Anton, 1824-1896 -- Symphonies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2671 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007168
- Description: Preface: This thesis presents perspectives on Bruckner's compositional approach with regard to theme and harmony in the first and final movements of his symphonies one to nine. It must be realised that a fully systematic and comprehensive discussion along these lines would run into volumes. So, salient examples and common tendencies have been extracted as representative of the overall approach. However, Bruckner being the composer he is, is not dogmatic in his approach to composition and so the reader must at all times see for himself how the general technique is adapted to the individual usage in those parts not referred to in this thesis. The thesis presents the subject features of the expositions, first movements, as these are found in various adaptations in all other movements: it also aims to present a comparative study of the structural tonal principles of the works, showing how these influence the thematic forms. Whenever necessary, in the text, definitions are repeated in their original format to avoid cumbersome cross references. The most immediate source is the scores themselves, issued by the International Bruckner Society of Vienna, compiled by Dr. Leopold Nowak. All the analysis is based on these editions except for the third symphony which is based on the 2. Edition of 1878 (Wiesbaden G.M.B .H.)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Gibson, Penelope Anne
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Bruckner, Anton, 1824-1896 -- Symphonies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2671 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007168
- Description: Preface: This thesis presents perspectives on Bruckner's compositional approach with regard to theme and harmony in the first and final movements of his symphonies one to nine. It must be realised that a fully systematic and comprehensive discussion along these lines would run into volumes. So, salient examples and common tendencies have been extracted as representative of the overall approach. However, Bruckner being the composer he is, is not dogmatic in his approach to composition and so the reader must at all times see for himself how the general technique is adapted to the individual usage in those parts not referred to in this thesis. The thesis presents the subject features of the expositions, first movements, as these are found in various adaptations in all other movements: it also aims to present a comparative study of the structural tonal principles of the works, showing how these influence the thematic forms. Whenever necessary, in the text, definitions are repeated in their original format to avoid cumbersome cross references. The most immediate source is the scores themselves, issued by the International Bruckner Society of Vienna, compiled by Dr. Leopold Nowak. All the analysis is based on these editions except for the third symphony which is based on the 2. Edition of 1878 (Wiesbaden G.M.B .H.)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
Synthesis and reactions of sugar chlorosulphates
- Authors: Glass, Beverley Dawn
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Chemical reactions Sugar -- Synthesis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3826 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006145
- Description: Summary: Partially chlorosulphated derivatives were synthesised for the purpose of examining the reactions of the chlorosulphonyloxy group in the presence of free hydroxyl groups. The behaviour of the chlorosulphonyloxy group was investigated under acidic conditions. Since sterically favoured chlorosulphonyloxy groups undergo facile replacement by chlorine to form chlorodeoxy sugars, some compounds possessing chlorosulphonyloxy groups which,due to polar and steric effects are not replaced by chloride,were investigated with a view to possible activation of the unfavourable centres towards nucleophilic substitution, thereby making available previously inaccessible chlorodeoxy sugars.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Glass, Beverley Dawn
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Chemical reactions Sugar -- Synthesis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3826 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006145
- Description: Summary: Partially chlorosulphated derivatives were synthesised for the purpose of examining the reactions of the chlorosulphonyloxy group in the presence of free hydroxyl groups. The behaviour of the chlorosulphonyloxy group was investigated under acidic conditions. Since sterically favoured chlorosulphonyloxy groups undergo facile replacement by chlorine to form chlorodeoxy sugars, some compounds possessing chlorosulphonyloxy groups which,due to polar and steric effects are not replaced by chloride,were investigated with a view to possible activation of the unfavourable centres towards nucleophilic substitution, thereby making available previously inaccessible chlorodeoxy sugars.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The development of cello technique in the string quartets of Joseph Haydn with special reference to (a) the various external influences causing this development and (b) the potential use of the cello parts within a teaching situation
- Sholto-Douglas, Ishbel Elizabeth Fraser
- Authors: Sholto-Douglas, Ishbel Elizabeth Fraser
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Haydn, Joseph, 1732-1809 -- Quartets, strings Cello -- Methods Cello -- Instruction and study
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2666 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005864
- Description: From Introduction: In the middle of the eighteenth century, when Haydn began composing his first string quartets, violin writing was highly advanced and the violin an established solo instrument, its supremacy already firmly endorsed by the Italian Violin Schools of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The pace of development of the cello, however, was not comparable to that of the violin, despite the fact that the first cello known to us was made in 1572.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Sholto-Douglas, Ishbel Elizabeth Fraser
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Haydn, Joseph, 1732-1809 -- Quartets, strings Cello -- Methods Cello -- Instruction and study
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2666 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005864
- Description: From Introduction: In the middle of the eighteenth century, when Haydn began composing his first string quartets, violin writing was highly advanced and the violin an established solo instrument, its supremacy already firmly endorsed by the Italian Violin Schools of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The pace of development of the cello, however, was not comparable to that of the violin, despite the fact that the first cello known to us was made in 1572.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The ecology and control of Opuntia Aurantiaca in South Africa in relation to the cochineal insect, Dactylopius Austrinus
- Authors: Zimmermann, Helmuth G
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Cochineal insect -- South Africa Cactus -- South Africa Weeds -- Control -- South Africa Insect-plant relationships
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003061
- Description: The cochineal insect Dactylopius austrinus De Lotto, which was released on jointed cactus, Opuntia aurantiaca Lindley, in South Africa in 1932, failed to bring the weed under an acceptable level of control in spite of the encouraging results during the first few years after release. The reasons for this apparent failure were never clearly understood. In 1957 the State embarked on an intensive herbicidal control programme which is still in force today. This sustained and expensive programme has undoubtedly reduced the density of the weed in most areas but has failed to solve the problem and the plant continues to expand its range. The biological control of o. aurantiaca in South Africa has been fundamentally influenced by this chemical control campaign. The relationship between chemical and biological control methods is reported in this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Zimmermann, Helmuth G
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Cochineal insect -- South Africa Cactus -- South Africa Weeds -- Control -- South Africa Insect-plant relationships
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003061
- Description: The cochineal insect Dactylopius austrinus De Lotto, which was released on jointed cactus, Opuntia aurantiaca Lindley, in South Africa in 1932, failed to bring the weed under an acceptable level of control in spite of the encouraging results during the first few years after release. The reasons for this apparent failure were never clearly understood. In 1957 the State embarked on an intensive herbicidal control programme which is still in force today. This sustained and expensive programme has undoubtedly reduced the density of the weed in most areas but has failed to solve the problem and the plant continues to expand its range. The biological control of o. aurantiaca in South Africa has been fundamentally influenced by this chemical control campaign. The relationship between chemical and biological control methods is reported in this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
The Karoo caterpillar Loxostege Frustalis Zeller (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) in relation to its host plants and natural enemies
- Authors: Möhr, Johann Diederich
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Caterpillars -- South Africa Lepidoptera -- Host plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5604 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002054
- Description: The Karoo is an arid inland plateau in the central and northeastern Cape Province of South Africa and is characterised by sparse, stunted vegetation. The vegetation is rich in species, and over large areas species of Pentzia, which are drought-resistant shrubs, are extremely abundant. These plants are food for stock (mainly sheep), and because the larvae of the Karoo caterpillar periodically occur in sufficient numbers to defoliate the plants, they assume pest status. Fully-fed Loxostege frustalis larvae construct cases in the soil beneath their food plants and they overwinter in these cases. A census of the numbers of larval cases accumulated in the soil, conducted from 1975 to 1980, showed that an expanded distribution of the pentzias is responsible for the periodic larval outbreaks. Further, alternate food plants are an important food supply for L. frustalis larvae when they disperse under crowded conditions The census data for L. frustalis were analysed by constructing partial life tables for the life-history period from case construction to moth emergence. The mortality of 'encased larvae' is useful for assessing the impact of the known L. frustalis natural enemies. The most important natural enemies were the braconids Chelonus curvimaculatus Cameron, Macrocentrus maraisi Nixon and the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. The collective responses of all the natural enemies to the density of L. frustalis encased larvae was direct, but undercompensating, so that areas with more pentzias produced more L. frustais. Strategies for immediate measures to alleviate the Karoo caterpillar problem, and for future research, are discussed. It is concluded that reduction of pentzia populations to acceptable levels and/or supplementing pastures with non-host plants of L. frustalis offer the only practical solutions to the Karoo caterpillar problem. Biological control of L. frustalis is dismissed as an option for reducing the pest status of the Karoo caterpillar
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Möhr, Johann Diederich
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Caterpillars -- South Africa Lepidoptera -- Host plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5604 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002054
- Description: The Karoo is an arid inland plateau in the central and northeastern Cape Province of South Africa and is characterised by sparse, stunted vegetation. The vegetation is rich in species, and over large areas species of Pentzia, which are drought-resistant shrubs, are extremely abundant. These plants are food for stock (mainly sheep), and because the larvae of the Karoo caterpillar periodically occur in sufficient numbers to defoliate the plants, they assume pest status. Fully-fed Loxostege frustalis larvae construct cases in the soil beneath their food plants and they overwinter in these cases. A census of the numbers of larval cases accumulated in the soil, conducted from 1975 to 1980, showed that an expanded distribution of the pentzias is responsible for the periodic larval outbreaks. Further, alternate food plants are an important food supply for L. frustalis larvae when they disperse under crowded conditions The census data for L. frustalis were analysed by constructing partial life tables for the life-history period from case construction to moth emergence. The mortality of 'encased larvae' is useful for assessing the impact of the known L. frustalis natural enemies. The most important natural enemies were the braconids Chelonus curvimaculatus Cameron, Macrocentrus maraisi Nixon and the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. The collective responses of all the natural enemies to the density of L. frustalis encased larvae was direct, but undercompensating, so that areas with more pentzias produced more L. frustais. Strategies for immediate measures to alleviate the Karoo caterpillar problem, and for future research, are discussed. It is concluded that reduction of pentzia populations to acceptable levels and/or supplementing pastures with non-host plants of L. frustalis offer the only practical solutions to the Karoo caterpillar problem. Biological control of L. frustalis is dismissed as an option for reducing the pest status of the Karoo caterpillar
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
Theories of economic underdevelopment: a general equilibrium analysis
- Authors: Black, Philip Andrew
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Equilibrium (Economics) -- Mathematical models Economic development -- Mathematical models Developing countries -- Economic conditions -- Mathematical models
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1049 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006235
- Description: This thesis is mainly concerned with the question whether 'conventional' economic theory - especially the neoclassical theory of general equilibrium - is sufficiently flexible to accommodate the particular conditions prevailing in the developing countries. It is argued that most existing theories of economic underdevelopment adopt an interpretative approach which essentially amounts to relaxing some of the chief assumptions of the neoclassical theory. When applied to the two-sector model of general equilibrium, these theories generally yield predictions which are vastly different from those associated with the neoclassical assumptions of perfect competition, unlimited factor substitutability and unrestricted resource mobility. Several theories seek to explain the development problem in terms of the specific production processes used in poor countries. Myrdal's (1957) theory of cumulative causation, for example, effectively introduces increasing returns to scale in at least one sector or region of the economy; in contrast to the neoclassical theory, he thus nvisages a cumulative process of regional divergence in the output level per worker. Similarly, Richard Eckaus's (1955) explanation of the "factor-proportions problem" is based on the assumption of limited factor substitutability. This enables him to establish the existence of a so-called "unemployment equiIibrium", thus implying that developing countries may be faced with a conflict between the objective of maximizing social -welfare on the one hand, and that of full employment on the other. More recently, Leibenstein (1960) has shown that this trade-off may be complicated by the introduction of capital-biased technological inventions and innovations. The solution to the factor-proportions problem consists in the adoption of more appropriate, usually labour-biased technologies, increased capital formation and a reduction in the rate of population growth. Much of the postwar literature on economic development has focused on the imperfectly competitive structure of the product and the factor markets in developing countries. Myint (1954) has highlighted the role played by monopolies and ligopolies during the "opening-up" process of economic development. Likewise, both Lewis's (1954) dualist theory and Todaro's (1969; 1971) model of rural-urban migration attempt to explain the unemployment problem in terms of various factor price distortions. In an international context, Prebisch (1950; 1959) and Singer (1950) have again shown how prevailing differences in the structure of markets between developed and developing countries may turn the terms of trade against the latter; using a two-sector model, Bhagwati (1958) has demonstrated that such a deterioration in the terms of trade could bring about a net decrease in the welfare level of the countries concerned. Generally, the policy measures relevant to the "market imperfections" problem include the creation of job opportunities in the rural (rather than urban) sector, the encouragement of informal-sector enterprises,and the imposition of factor taxes and subsidies as a means of counteracting the adverse effect of factor price distortions on employment. A more recent approach to the unemployment problem is the plea by the International Labor Office (1970; 1972) for a redistribution of income within the developing countries. In terms of the two-sector model, such a policy may well succeed in eliminating labour unemployment caused by fixed factor proportions and/or factor price distortions. It should be realized, though, that a redistribution of income may lower the aggregate savings level, and hence also the growth rates of capital and labour employment in the economy. On the whole, it would seem that these theories do indeed adopt a modified version of the neoclassical theory in providing a fairly comprehensive explanation of the economic problems of labour unemployment, low incomes and inequality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Black, Philip Andrew
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Equilibrium (Economics) -- Mathematical models Economic development -- Mathematical models Developing countries -- Economic conditions -- Mathematical models
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1049 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006235
- Description: This thesis is mainly concerned with the question whether 'conventional' economic theory - especially the neoclassical theory of general equilibrium - is sufficiently flexible to accommodate the particular conditions prevailing in the developing countries. It is argued that most existing theories of economic underdevelopment adopt an interpretative approach which essentially amounts to relaxing some of the chief assumptions of the neoclassical theory. When applied to the two-sector model of general equilibrium, these theories generally yield predictions which are vastly different from those associated with the neoclassical assumptions of perfect competition, unlimited factor substitutability and unrestricted resource mobility. Several theories seek to explain the development problem in terms of the specific production processes used in poor countries. Myrdal's (1957) theory of cumulative causation, for example, effectively introduces increasing returns to scale in at least one sector or region of the economy; in contrast to the neoclassical theory, he thus nvisages a cumulative process of regional divergence in the output level per worker. Similarly, Richard Eckaus's (1955) explanation of the "factor-proportions problem" is based on the assumption of limited factor substitutability. This enables him to establish the existence of a so-called "unemployment equiIibrium", thus implying that developing countries may be faced with a conflict between the objective of maximizing social -welfare on the one hand, and that of full employment on the other. More recently, Leibenstein (1960) has shown that this trade-off may be complicated by the introduction of capital-biased technological inventions and innovations. The solution to the factor-proportions problem consists in the adoption of more appropriate, usually labour-biased technologies, increased capital formation and a reduction in the rate of population growth. Much of the postwar literature on economic development has focused on the imperfectly competitive structure of the product and the factor markets in developing countries. Myint (1954) has highlighted the role played by monopolies and ligopolies during the "opening-up" process of economic development. Likewise, both Lewis's (1954) dualist theory and Todaro's (1969; 1971) model of rural-urban migration attempt to explain the unemployment problem in terms of various factor price distortions. In an international context, Prebisch (1950; 1959) and Singer (1950) have again shown how prevailing differences in the structure of markets between developed and developing countries may turn the terms of trade against the latter; using a two-sector model, Bhagwati (1958) has demonstrated that such a deterioration in the terms of trade could bring about a net decrease in the welfare level of the countries concerned. Generally, the policy measures relevant to the "market imperfections" problem include the creation of job opportunities in the rural (rather than urban) sector, the encouragement of informal-sector enterprises,and the imposition of factor taxes and subsidies as a means of counteracting the adverse effect of factor price distortions on employment. A more recent approach to the unemployment problem is the plea by the International Labor Office (1970; 1972) for a redistribution of income within the developing countries. In terms of the two-sector model, such a policy may well succeed in eliminating labour unemployment caused by fixed factor proportions and/or factor price distortions. It should be realized, though, that a redistribution of income may lower the aggregate savings level, and hence also the growth rates of capital and labour employment in the economy. On the whole, it would seem that these theories do indeed adopt a modified version of the neoclassical theory in providing a fairly comprehensive explanation of the economic problems of labour unemployment, low incomes and inequality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
Verdrängung und verleugnung der wirklichkeit als erzählproblem im werk Hans Erich Nossacks
- Krueger, Gustav Adolf Ludwig Werner
- Authors: Krueger, Gustav Adolf Ludwig Werner
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Nossack, Hans Erich, 1901-1977 -- Criticism and interpretation Authors, German -- 20th century -- History and criticism German fiction -- 20th century German literature -- History and criticism
- Language: German
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005627
- Description: From introduction: Wenn ich mir neben anderen sozial-psychologischen Theorien· auch die Theorie Freuds zunutze mache, so geschieht das nicht nur um der Textgerechtheit und der Nachprüfbarkeit willen, sondern auch aufgrund der überlegung, daß der Nossacksche Held, als "bürgerlicher Held"⁵²) , in mehr oder minderem Maße krank- und wahnhafte Züge haben wird, denn seine Bürgerlichkeit ist schon beim ersten, auffassenden Lesen der Texte kaum rnehr zu bezweifeln. Sein verstockter Individualismus ist hingegen, um noch einmal Adorno anzuführen, auch wieder nicht rückhaltlos verwerflich, ist dieser doch, "sowohl Produkt desDrucks", wie "das Kraftzentrum, das ihm widersteht".⁵³)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Krueger, Gustav Adolf Ludwig Werner
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Nossack, Hans Erich, 1901-1977 -- Criticism and interpretation Authors, German -- 20th century -- History and criticism German fiction -- 20th century German literature -- History and criticism
- Language: German
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005627
- Description: From introduction: Wenn ich mir neben anderen sozial-psychologischen Theorien· auch die Theorie Freuds zunutze mache, so geschieht das nicht nur um der Textgerechtheit und der Nachprüfbarkeit willen, sondern auch aufgrund der überlegung, daß der Nossacksche Held, als "bürgerlicher Held"⁵²) , in mehr oder minderem Maße krank- und wahnhafte Züge haben wird, denn seine Bürgerlichkeit ist schon beim ersten, auffassenden Lesen der Texte kaum rnehr zu bezweifeln. Sein verstockter Individualismus ist hingegen, um noch einmal Adorno anzuführen, auch wieder nicht rückhaltlos verwerflich, ist dieser doch, "sowohl Produkt desDrucks", wie "das Kraftzentrum, das ihm widersteht".⁵³)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
Witwatersrand genesis: a comparative study of some early gold mining companies, 1886-1894
- Authors: Webb, Arthur (Arthur C M)
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Gold mines and mining -- South Africa -- History Gold mines and mining -- South Africa -- Witwatersrand -- History Ferreira Gold Mining Company (Firm) Witwatersrand Gold Mining Company (Firm) Simmer and Jack Gold Mining Company (Firm) Wemmer Gold Mining Company (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1029 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003725
- Description: Preface: For anyone standing on the ridge of the Witwatersrand on a spring day in September 1886 the sight immediately to the south represented a hive of activity and hope. Nearly a hundred years later ample evidence stretches away on both sides of the watershed to confirm the fulfilment of those early sentiments. It is, nevertheless, all too easy to ignore the struggles and failures which marked the beginnings of the world's greatest gold field in the light of its subsequent abundant success. Only when attention is turned to the individual companies formed to exploit the discovery does the true picture emerge of the lack of adequate technological and managerial knowledge amongst the early pioneers and of the financial frailty of their companies. The object of this thesis is to shed light on these beginnings by reviewing the histories of four of the earliest companies established to work the main reef. The approach adopted is to scrutinize the material available with a view to determining the motivations and actions of the managements of the various companies with regard to their economic environment, whether within or without the individual company. Clearly, the availability of information is a major determinant of the success of any such venture and this was particularly so in the case of the companies considered. With the exception of the Barlow Rand Limited holding of the H. Eckstein and Company Archives, which offers an integral coverage of that firm's dealings with the emerging industry, and which is certainly the most comprehensive source of information available to the researcher, little material relating to specific gold mining companies has survived. Under these circumstances it was necessary to rely heavily for information on the local press. These newspapers proved an invaluable source in this regard. As a mining camp with a limited capacity for generating newsworthy incidents, the newspapers of early Johannesburg found an eager readership for information about the industry which lay at the heart of the community. For their part, the managements of the various mining companies found in the pages of the local press an outlet for intelligence both true and false; the press was a useful vehicle for the publication of directors' and annual reports to meet a wider audience, but similarly it could be and was used to disseminate 'spectacular' reports calculated to influence the status of a company's stock on the local share market. As a research source the press has thus to be approached with caution but its value, if the warning is heeded, is in no way diminished. Beyond these two sources the next most valuable accumulation of data on the early industry is "The Gold Fields Collection" housed in the Cory Library for Historical Research at Rhodes University. As a collection it is far from complete and it is to be hoped that the donors will in future see fit to augment it with further material as this becomes available. It neverthess proved an invaluable source for the investigation of at least one of the companies of the study and for a general background to the industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
- Authors: Webb, Arthur (Arthur C M)
- Date: 1982
- Subjects: Gold mines and mining -- South Africa -- History Gold mines and mining -- South Africa -- Witwatersrand -- History Ferreira Gold Mining Company (Firm) Witwatersrand Gold Mining Company (Firm) Simmer and Jack Gold Mining Company (Firm) Wemmer Gold Mining Company (Firm)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1029 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003725
- Description: Preface: For anyone standing on the ridge of the Witwatersrand on a spring day in September 1886 the sight immediately to the south represented a hive of activity and hope. Nearly a hundred years later ample evidence stretches away on both sides of the watershed to confirm the fulfilment of those early sentiments. It is, nevertheless, all too easy to ignore the struggles and failures which marked the beginnings of the world's greatest gold field in the light of its subsequent abundant success. Only when attention is turned to the individual companies formed to exploit the discovery does the true picture emerge of the lack of adequate technological and managerial knowledge amongst the early pioneers and of the financial frailty of their companies. The object of this thesis is to shed light on these beginnings by reviewing the histories of four of the earliest companies established to work the main reef. The approach adopted is to scrutinize the material available with a view to determining the motivations and actions of the managements of the various companies with regard to their economic environment, whether within or without the individual company. Clearly, the availability of information is a major determinant of the success of any such venture and this was particularly so in the case of the companies considered. With the exception of the Barlow Rand Limited holding of the H. Eckstein and Company Archives, which offers an integral coverage of that firm's dealings with the emerging industry, and which is certainly the most comprehensive source of information available to the researcher, little material relating to specific gold mining companies has survived. Under these circumstances it was necessary to rely heavily for information on the local press. These newspapers proved an invaluable source in this regard. As a mining camp with a limited capacity for generating newsworthy incidents, the newspapers of early Johannesburg found an eager readership for information about the industry which lay at the heart of the community. For their part, the managements of the various mining companies found in the pages of the local press an outlet for intelligence both true and false; the press was a useful vehicle for the publication of directors' and annual reports to meet a wider audience, but similarly it could be and was used to disseminate 'spectacular' reports calculated to influence the status of a company's stock on the local share market. As a research source the press has thus to be approached with caution but its value, if the warning is heeded, is in no way diminished. Beyond these two sources the next most valuable accumulation of data on the early industry is "The Gold Fields Collection" housed in the Cory Library for Historical Research at Rhodes University. As a collection it is far from complete and it is to be hoped that the donors will in future see fit to augment it with further material as this becomes available. It neverthess proved an invaluable source for the investigation of at least one of the companies of the study and for a general background to the industry.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1982
A victimological study among Coloureds in the Cape Peninsula
- Authors: Strijdom, Hendrik Gert
- Date: 1983
- Subjects: Victims of crimes -- South Africa -- Western Cape Colored people (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3342 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004582
- Description: From Introduction: Criminology developed as a reaction to the various revolutions that were occurring in the European countries during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In response to the turmoil and disorder of Western society criminologists attempted to discover the natural laws of society hoping to establish a stable social order. Crime was regarded as something that disturbed society and, therefore, had to be controlled or prevented. According to Quinney and Wildeman (1977) the development of criminology can be viewed as an ongoing attempt to explain crime in terms of established social order. They state that in the history of criminology there is, however, a lack of a clear accumulative theoretical growth and continue as follows: "No line of theoretical development can be found that leads to a well-developed body of knowledge. The study of crime is characterized by a number of divergent theoretical perspectives that exist in relative isolation from one another" (p. 38). Quinney and Wildeman (1977) distinguish five theoretical perspectives in the development of criminology namely: (I) early and classical criminological thought, (2) nineteenth-century sociological criminology, (3) nineteenth-century biological criminology, (4) twentieth-century eclectic criminology, and (5) twentieth-century sociological criminology.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983
- Authors: Strijdom, Hendrik Gert
- Date: 1983
- Subjects: Victims of crimes -- South Africa -- Western Cape Colored people (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3342 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004582
- Description: From Introduction: Criminology developed as a reaction to the various revolutions that were occurring in the European countries during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In response to the turmoil and disorder of Western society criminologists attempted to discover the natural laws of society hoping to establish a stable social order. Crime was regarded as something that disturbed society and, therefore, had to be controlled or prevented. According to Quinney and Wildeman (1977) the development of criminology can be viewed as an ongoing attempt to explain crime in terms of established social order. They state that in the history of criminology there is, however, a lack of a clear accumulative theoretical growth and continue as follows: "No line of theoretical development can be found that leads to a well-developed body of knowledge. The study of crime is characterized by a number of divergent theoretical perspectives that exist in relative isolation from one another" (p. 38). Quinney and Wildeman (1977) distinguish five theoretical perspectives in the development of criminology namely: (I) early and classical criminological thought, (2) nineteenth-century sociological criminology, (3) nineteenth-century biological criminology, (4) twentieth-century eclectic criminology, and (5) twentieth-century sociological criminology.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983
Aspects of prostacyclin in experimental hypertension
- Authors: Botha, Julia Hilary
- Date: 1983
- Subjects: Prostacyclin Prostaglandins Prostaglandin endoperoxides Thromboxanes Hypertension
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3825 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006109
- Description: A new prostaglandin - prostaglandin X (later renamed prostacyclin or prostaglandin I₂ (PGI₂)), was discovered by Moncada, Gryglewski, Bunting and Vane in 1976. This unstable substance was shown to be produced by vascular tissue and to be a vasodilator and the most potent endogenous inhibitor of platelet aggregation known. Because of its properties, it appeared that a lack of it may be related to the development and or maintenance of hypertension, a disorder featuring vasoconstriction and an increased tendency to arterial thrombosis. The present studies aimed to investigate this possibility using a rat model. A bioassay for prostacyclin was first perfected. This consisted of a modification of the method used by Moncada, Higgs and Vane (1977): PGI₂ released by rat aortic strips, during incubation in tris buffer, was measured by assessing the ability of the incubate to inhibit adenosine diphosphate induced aggregation of human platelets, as compared to the inhibitory effect of standard prostacyclin sodium salt. The specificity of the assay for the detection of PGI₂ was tested. The abil ity of hypertensive rat aorta to release prostacycl in was investigated in two studies. The first compared aortas of Wistar rats of the New Zealand genetically hypertensive strain (GH) with those of matched normotensive Wistar controls. In the second study, hypertension was induced by wrappi ng the ri ght kidney with surgical silk and removing the contralateral kidney. Ten weeks later, aortic generation of prostacyclin by these animals was compared with that of matched sham controls which had received identical surgical manipulation but for the application of silk to the right kidney. Contrary to expectation, in both forms of hypertension, aortas of the rats with elevated pressure produced consistently more prostacyclin than those of matched controls. In order to discover more about the relationship between elevated pressure and elevated PGI₂ production, the effect of pressure reduction with hypotensive agents on the ability of GH rat aortas to produce prostacyclin, was investigated. After pressure had been controlled within normal range for one week (achieved by oral administration of furosemide, dihydralazine and reserpine for one month), aortic PGI₂ was reduced in comparison with matched GH controls. However, the reduction was not consistent and statistical significance was not reached. Because it was subsequently reported by other workers, that some of the hypotensive agents which had been employed may effect prostaglandin levels per se, no conclusions could be drawn from this study as to any possible direct relationships between pressure and aortic prostacyclin generating capacity. A further means of reducing elevated pressure (which had no inherent effect on prostaglandin levels) was thus sought. A mechanical method was eventually selected, application of a silver clip to the aortas of GH rats, just below the diaphragm, producing an immediate reduction in pressure distal to the constriction. Eighteen hours with later, PGI₂ production by these distal aortas those of matched sham GH controls and was was compared found to be consistently reduced. These results indicate that the ability to produce PGI₂ may be influenced by prior local pressure changes and that the increased capacity of hypertensive rat aortas to generate prostacyclin may be related to the increased mechanical transmural stress consequent on elevated pressure. Since haemostatic balance must be influenced not only by vascular PGI₂ generation but also by platelet sensitivity to PGI₂, the response of GH platelets to the anti-aggregatory effect of prostacyc1in was also investigated. As it had been shown by Sinzinger, Si1berbauer, Horsch and Gall (1981) that intra-arterial infusion of PGI₂ in humans decreased platelet sensitivity to the substance, the possibility existed that platelet sensitivity in hypertension might be reduced. This hypothesis was, however, invalidated as the sensitivity of GH platelets to the anti-aggregatory effect of PGI₂ was almost identical to that of normotensive controls. The shortcomings of the methodology and the possible importance of these findings in the hypertensive animal are discussed. The idea that elevated PGI₂ in hypertension may play a protective role both with respect to platelet aggregation and in attenuating further pressure rises is considered. It is finally suggested that it will be possible to draw more accurate conclusions as to the meaning of the increased PGI₂ generation in hypertension (both in relation to vascular tone and platelet function) only when details of production of, and sensitivity to, thromboxane A₂ are known. Thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) is a vasoconstrictor and promotor of aggregation (Hamberg, Svensson and Samuelson, 1975) and it may be that, despite elevated vascular PGI₂ generation, the TXA₂/PGI₂ balance is still tipped in favour of vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation in hypertension.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983
- Authors: Botha, Julia Hilary
- Date: 1983
- Subjects: Prostacyclin Prostaglandins Prostaglandin endoperoxides Thromboxanes Hypertension
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3825 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006109
- Description: A new prostaglandin - prostaglandin X (later renamed prostacyclin or prostaglandin I₂ (PGI₂)), was discovered by Moncada, Gryglewski, Bunting and Vane in 1976. This unstable substance was shown to be produced by vascular tissue and to be a vasodilator and the most potent endogenous inhibitor of platelet aggregation known. Because of its properties, it appeared that a lack of it may be related to the development and or maintenance of hypertension, a disorder featuring vasoconstriction and an increased tendency to arterial thrombosis. The present studies aimed to investigate this possibility using a rat model. A bioassay for prostacyclin was first perfected. This consisted of a modification of the method used by Moncada, Higgs and Vane (1977): PGI₂ released by rat aortic strips, during incubation in tris buffer, was measured by assessing the ability of the incubate to inhibit adenosine diphosphate induced aggregation of human platelets, as compared to the inhibitory effect of standard prostacyclin sodium salt. The specificity of the assay for the detection of PGI₂ was tested. The abil ity of hypertensive rat aorta to release prostacycl in was investigated in two studies. The first compared aortas of Wistar rats of the New Zealand genetically hypertensive strain (GH) with those of matched normotensive Wistar controls. In the second study, hypertension was induced by wrappi ng the ri ght kidney with surgical silk and removing the contralateral kidney. Ten weeks later, aortic generation of prostacyclin by these animals was compared with that of matched sham controls which had received identical surgical manipulation but for the application of silk to the right kidney. Contrary to expectation, in both forms of hypertension, aortas of the rats with elevated pressure produced consistently more prostacyclin than those of matched controls. In order to discover more about the relationship between elevated pressure and elevated PGI₂ production, the effect of pressure reduction with hypotensive agents on the ability of GH rat aortas to produce prostacyclin, was investigated. After pressure had been controlled within normal range for one week (achieved by oral administration of furosemide, dihydralazine and reserpine for one month), aortic PGI₂ was reduced in comparison with matched GH controls. However, the reduction was not consistent and statistical significance was not reached. Because it was subsequently reported by other workers, that some of the hypotensive agents which had been employed may effect prostaglandin levels per se, no conclusions could be drawn from this study as to any possible direct relationships between pressure and aortic prostacyclin generating capacity. A further means of reducing elevated pressure (which had no inherent effect on prostaglandin levels) was thus sought. A mechanical method was eventually selected, application of a silver clip to the aortas of GH rats, just below the diaphragm, producing an immediate reduction in pressure distal to the constriction. Eighteen hours with later, PGI₂ production by these distal aortas those of matched sham GH controls and was was compared found to be consistently reduced. These results indicate that the ability to produce PGI₂ may be influenced by prior local pressure changes and that the increased capacity of hypertensive rat aortas to generate prostacyclin may be related to the increased mechanical transmural stress consequent on elevated pressure. Since haemostatic balance must be influenced not only by vascular PGI₂ generation but also by platelet sensitivity to PGI₂, the response of GH platelets to the anti-aggregatory effect of prostacyc1in was also investigated. As it had been shown by Sinzinger, Si1berbauer, Horsch and Gall (1981) that intra-arterial infusion of PGI₂ in humans decreased platelet sensitivity to the substance, the possibility existed that platelet sensitivity in hypertension might be reduced. This hypothesis was, however, invalidated as the sensitivity of GH platelets to the anti-aggregatory effect of PGI₂ was almost identical to that of normotensive controls. The shortcomings of the methodology and the possible importance of these findings in the hypertensive animal are discussed. The idea that elevated PGI₂ in hypertension may play a protective role both with respect to platelet aggregation and in attenuating further pressure rises is considered. It is finally suggested that it will be possible to draw more accurate conclusions as to the meaning of the increased PGI₂ generation in hypertension (both in relation to vascular tone and platelet function) only when details of production of, and sensitivity to, thromboxane A₂ are known. Thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) is a vasoconstrictor and promotor of aggregation (Hamberg, Svensson and Samuelson, 1975) and it may be that, despite elevated vascular PGI₂ generation, the TXA₂/PGI₂ balance is still tipped in favour of vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation in hypertension.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983
Continuous-flow dynamic dialysis and its application to collagen-ligand interactions
- Authors: Sparrow, Neil Arthur
- Date: 1983
- Subjects: Collagen Ligands (Biochemistry) Ligand binding (Biochemistry) Protein-protein interactions Tannins
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4297 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004617
- Description: Studies undertaken to investigate the binding of low molecular mass analogues of polyphenolic vegetable tannins to collagen have prompted the development of a new method to investigate protein-ligand interactions. This method, the continuous-flow dynamic dialysis method (CFDD), differs from conventional dialysis procedures used for protein-ligand binding studies. In this method, the ligand concentration in the diffusate is monitored automatically at successive closely spaced time intervals while being continuously eluted from the dialysis cell. The primary data obtained by this method consists of a series of spectrophotometric absorbance measurements representing the ligand concentration in the sink compartment of a dialysis cell. This primary data is recorded by means of a data logging device onto a punched paper tape for subsequent computer processing. Two original methods are presented for analysing the primary data to extract the protein-ligand binding isotherm. The first of these is a direct analysis which relies on Fick's first law of diffusion. In this method it is necessary to establish, by means of a control experiment, a value for the ligand permeation constant. This is used in a subsequent analysis to establish a relationship between the measured rate of diffusion of the ligand from a protein-ligand mixture and the concentration of unbound ligand which is in equilibrium with the protein-ligand complex. The protein-ligand binding isotherm is obtained from parametric equations which give the quantity of ligand bound to the protein and the concentration of unbound ligand in the sample compartment as functions of time. The second method, which is more general, utilizes the same primary data but is based on establishing a system transfer function to characterise the dialysis and eluting processes. This analysis depends on the linearity of the system and utilizes numerical laplace transforms of the primary data sets obtained from control and protein-ligand dialyses. Laplace transforms are used to effect a deconvolution of the transfer function from the primary data and yield the concentration of ligand in equilibrium with the protein-ligand complex. This procedure yields, simultaneously, both the total ligand concentration and the concentration of unbound ligand in the protein compartment of the dialysis cell. These quantities are used to establish the binding isotherm for the protein ligand system. Numerical inversion of the laplace transforms in this analysis is effected by their reduction to Fourier series. The experimental reliability of the continuous-flow dynamic dialysis method, and validity of the two analytical methods used to derive a binding isotherm from dialysis data are evaluated from studies of the binding of phenol red to bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 15⁰, 20⁰ and 25⁰ C, as well as from simulated binding curves generated by the numerical solution of the differential equations used to describe the dialysis and elution process in terms of a two-site Scatchard binding model. The method is used to investigate the binding to collagen of a series of low molecular mass phenolic compounds which can be isolated from Wattle and Quebracho vegetable tannin extracts. These compounds can be considered as monomeric precursor analogues of the polymeric vegetable tannins. The binding of these ligands to collagen is shown to be characterised by high capacity, low affinity binding in which the uptake of ligand by the protein increases linearly with increasing ligand concentration. Collagen exhibits no indication of site saturation for these ligands over the experimentally accessible concentration ranges investigated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983
- Authors: Sparrow, Neil Arthur
- Date: 1983
- Subjects: Collagen Ligands (Biochemistry) Ligand binding (Biochemistry) Protein-protein interactions Tannins
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4297 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004617
- Description: Studies undertaken to investigate the binding of low molecular mass analogues of polyphenolic vegetable tannins to collagen have prompted the development of a new method to investigate protein-ligand interactions. This method, the continuous-flow dynamic dialysis method (CFDD), differs from conventional dialysis procedures used for protein-ligand binding studies. In this method, the ligand concentration in the diffusate is monitored automatically at successive closely spaced time intervals while being continuously eluted from the dialysis cell. The primary data obtained by this method consists of a series of spectrophotometric absorbance measurements representing the ligand concentration in the sink compartment of a dialysis cell. This primary data is recorded by means of a data logging device onto a punched paper tape for subsequent computer processing. Two original methods are presented for analysing the primary data to extract the protein-ligand binding isotherm. The first of these is a direct analysis which relies on Fick's first law of diffusion. In this method it is necessary to establish, by means of a control experiment, a value for the ligand permeation constant. This is used in a subsequent analysis to establish a relationship between the measured rate of diffusion of the ligand from a protein-ligand mixture and the concentration of unbound ligand which is in equilibrium with the protein-ligand complex. The protein-ligand binding isotherm is obtained from parametric equations which give the quantity of ligand bound to the protein and the concentration of unbound ligand in the sample compartment as functions of time. The second method, which is more general, utilizes the same primary data but is based on establishing a system transfer function to characterise the dialysis and eluting processes. This analysis depends on the linearity of the system and utilizes numerical laplace transforms of the primary data sets obtained from control and protein-ligand dialyses. Laplace transforms are used to effect a deconvolution of the transfer function from the primary data and yield the concentration of ligand in equilibrium with the protein-ligand complex. This procedure yields, simultaneously, both the total ligand concentration and the concentration of unbound ligand in the protein compartment of the dialysis cell. These quantities are used to establish the binding isotherm for the protein ligand system. Numerical inversion of the laplace transforms in this analysis is effected by their reduction to Fourier series. The experimental reliability of the continuous-flow dynamic dialysis method, and validity of the two analytical methods used to derive a binding isotherm from dialysis data are evaluated from studies of the binding of phenol red to bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 15⁰, 20⁰ and 25⁰ C, as well as from simulated binding curves generated by the numerical solution of the differential equations used to describe the dialysis and elution process in terms of a two-site Scatchard binding model. The method is used to investigate the binding to collagen of a series of low molecular mass phenolic compounds which can be isolated from Wattle and Quebracho vegetable tannin extracts. These compounds can be considered as monomeric precursor analogues of the polymeric vegetable tannins. The binding of these ligands to collagen is shown to be characterised by high capacity, low affinity binding in which the uptake of ligand by the protein increases linearly with increasing ligand concentration. Collagen exhibits no indication of site saturation for these ligands over the experimentally accessible concentration ranges investigated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983
Effect of anticonvulsant agents on pineal gland indole metabolism
- Authors: Morton, Dougal John
- Date: 1983
- Subjects: Pineal gland -- Metabolism Anticonvulsants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3844 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009518
- Description: Preface: The general indications that the pineal gland might be involved in homeostasis, and more specifically the evidence suggesting a role in amelioration of seizure states warranted further investigation . No reports had examined a possible link between anticonvulsant drug administration and pineal gland function, and few enabled any type of presumption to be made as to possible effects. This study was an attempt to evaluate in which ways anticonvulsant drugs might alter pineal gland indole metabolism, with a view to increasing understanding of the role of the pineal in modulation of epileptic discharges. In order to make the study as meaningful as possible extensive preliminary investigations were necessary. Pharmacokinetic determinations gave an indication of tissue concentrations of the drugs, which could then be related to observed effects. As far as possible, where existing information was lacking, the catalytic behaviour of the various enzymes was characterised in order to explain any observed effects at a molecular level. An attempt was also made to characterise the regulatory mechanisms controlling indole metabolism, again in order to define the pharmacological effects exerted by the drugs used. The complexity of the system made it impossible to suggest a single uniform regulatory hypothesis, although some significant observations were made. Finally, the studies involving the anticonvulsant drugs were conducted on intact animals, isolated organs and individual enzymes in an attempt to determine whether the observed effects were occuring at a molecular, local or central level.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983
- Authors: Morton, Dougal John
- Date: 1983
- Subjects: Pineal gland -- Metabolism Anticonvulsants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3844 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009518
- Description: Preface: The general indications that the pineal gland might be involved in homeostasis, and more specifically the evidence suggesting a role in amelioration of seizure states warranted further investigation . No reports had examined a possible link between anticonvulsant drug administration and pineal gland function, and few enabled any type of presumption to be made as to possible effects. This study was an attempt to evaluate in which ways anticonvulsant drugs might alter pineal gland indole metabolism, with a view to increasing understanding of the role of the pineal in modulation of epileptic discharges. In order to make the study as meaningful as possible extensive preliminary investigations were necessary. Pharmacokinetic determinations gave an indication of tissue concentrations of the drugs, which could then be related to observed effects. As far as possible, where existing information was lacking, the catalytic behaviour of the various enzymes was characterised in order to explain any observed effects at a molecular level. An attempt was also made to characterise the regulatory mechanisms controlling indole metabolism, again in order to define the pharmacological effects exerted by the drugs used. The complexity of the system made it impossible to suggest a single uniform regulatory hypothesis, although some significant observations were made. Finally, the studies involving the anticonvulsant drugs were conducted on intact animals, isolated organs and individual enzymes in an attempt to determine whether the observed effects were occuring at a molecular, local or central level.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983
Indian family businesses in Durban
- Authors: Jithoo, Sabita
- Date: 1983
- Subjects: East Indians -- South Africa East Indians -- South Africa -- Economic conditions East Indians -- South Africa -- Social life and customs Family-owned business enterprises -- South Africa.
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2108 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007227
- Description: From introduction: This is a study of Indian family businesses in the central business district of Durban, a sea port on the coast of Natal, in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983
- Authors: Jithoo, Sabita
- Date: 1983
- Subjects: East Indians -- South Africa East Indians -- South Africa -- Economic conditions East Indians -- South Africa -- Social life and customs Family-owned business enterprises -- South Africa.
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2108 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007227
- Description: From introduction: This is a study of Indian family businesses in the central business district of Durban, a sea port on the coast of Natal, in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983
The autecology of Azolla filiculoides Lamarck with special reference to its occurrence in the Hendrik Verwoerd Dam catchment area
- Authors: Ashton, Peter John
- Date: 1983
- Subjects: Azolla filiculoides -- South Africa -- Gariep Dam Azollaceae Azolla -- South Africa -- Gariep Dam Water ferns -- South Africa -- Gariep Dam Aquatic weeds -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4181 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003732
- Description: An autecological study of the heterosporous fern Azolla filiculoides Lamarck and its endosymbiotic blue-green alga Anabaena azollae Strasburger, based on a combination of field and laboratory studies, is presented. The taxonomy, morphology and anatomy of the fern-alga association were studied as well as nutritional and physiological aspects of the symbiosis. These studies have defined the habitat and nutritional requirements of the fern and have provided new insights into its reproductive biology, nitrogen metabolism and the nature of the association between the fern and alga. In the catchment area of the Hendrik Verwoerd Dam the availability of suitably sheltered habitat limits the distribution of A. filiculoides while the availability of nutrients, in particular calcium, phosphorus and iron, limits the growth of the fern. The multilayered mats formed by A. filiculoides are essential for spore production, cause dramatic changes in the hydrochemistry of the underlying waters and confer a great competitive advantage on the plant. Methods for the isolation of the fern and algal components of the symbiosis have been developed but recombination of the individual organisms to reform the symbiosis was unsuccessful. The development of the fern is closely linked to that of the alga and the association is maintained throughout the life cycle of the fern. Because of its specific habitat and nutritional requirements, A. filiculoides is unlikely to colonize the open waters of the Hendrik Verwoerd Dam.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983
- Authors: Ashton, Peter John
- Date: 1983
- Subjects: Azolla filiculoides -- South Africa -- Gariep Dam Azollaceae Azolla -- South Africa -- Gariep Dam Water ferns -- South Africa -- Gariep Dam Aquatic weeds -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4181 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003732
- Description: An autecological study of the heterosporous fern Azolla filiculoides Lamarck and its endosymbiotic blue-green alga Anabaena azollae Strasburger, based on a combination of field and laboratory studies, is presented. The taxonomy, morphology and anatomy of the fern-alga association were studied as well as nutritional and physiological aspects of the symbiosis. These studies have defined the habitat and nutritional requirements of the fern and have provided new insights into its reproductive biology, nitrogen metabolism and the nature of the association between the fern and alga. In the catchment area of the Hendrik Verwoerd Dam the availability of suitably sheltered habitat limits the distribution of A. filiculoides while the availability of nutrients, in particular calcium, phosphorus and iron, limits the growth of the fern. The multilayered mats formed by A. filiculoides are essential for spore production, cause dramatic changes in the hydrochemistry of the underlying waters and confer a great competitive advantage on the plant. Methods for the isolation of the fern and algal components of the symbiosis have been developed but recombination of the individual organisms to reform the symbiosis was unsuccessful. The development of the fern is closely linked to that of the alga and the association is maintained throughout the life cycle of the fern. Because of its specific habitat and nutritional requirements, A. filiculoides is unlikely to colonize the open waters of the Hendrik Verwoerd Dam.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983
The biology and management considerations of abundant large cyprinids in Lake le Roux, Orange River, South Africa
- Authors: Tómasson, Tumi
- Date: 1983
- Subjects: Barbus Labeo Cyprinidae Freshwater fishes -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5206 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004518
- Description: The biology of three large cyprinid fishes, Barbus holubi, B. kimberleyensis and Labeo capensis, was studied in a large turbid man-made lake on the Orange River, South Africa. The influence of environmental fluctuations on population dynamics was examined in relation to biological adaptations. On this basis inferences were made about the effect exploitation would have on the populations, and management alternatives were considered. Lake Ie Roux is situated in a semi- arid area, downstream from another large reservoir, Lake Verwoerd. In the pristine river, flooding is seasonal, and floodwaters carry a heavy silt load. Lake Verwoerd acts as a silt-trap and changes in turbidity in Lake Ie Roux (Secchi disc readings range from 15 to 160 cm) are influenced by hydrological management and are not necessarily seasonal. Water temperatures in the regulated river connecting the two lakes depend on the pattern of water release, and fluctuations in Iake levels depend on management practices. Reproduction was studied by examination of gonads and from the distribution of newly hatched juveniles. Age and growth was interpreted from the reading of scales and otoliths. Relative year class strength, dispersal and mortality were monitored using catch data from a regular, standardized gillnetting survey. The Barbus species spawn in the regulated river in spring or summer. Spawning is coordinated for a large part of the population and B. holubi spawn four to six weeks earlier than B. kimberleyensis. The juveniles are 'initially found along the shoreline, but later move into the pelagic zone and disperse throughout the lake. Year class strength is dependent on time of spawning and a late spawning results in a poor year class. For this reason, year class strength of B. kimberleyensis is generally poor, but there is a greater variation in year class strength of B. holubi, which is the dominant large Barbus. The two Barbus species exploit the pelagic zone, visually predating on zooplankton. When turbidity increases large scale mortalities occur, especially in B. holubi. Mortalities more than compensate for the reduction in carrying capacity, and the size of the reduced population may be inversely related to initial abundance. Growth rate is similarly affected by turbidity and density, and size at sexual maturity in B. holubi is reduced when growing conditions deteriorate. Labeo capensis do not form a homogenous population in Lake le Roux. Spawning occurs throughout the lake, but is erratic, probably depending on local rainfall. At each locality, more than one spawning may occur during spring and summer because of temporal variation in gonadal development. Juvenile survival appears to be mainly dependent on water level fluctuations, and strong year classes were formed when the lake was filling during the first two years. Subsequent year classes were weak. Subadult and adult B. capensis are herbivorous and depend on autochthonous production for food. They are relatively sedentary, but when turbidity increases fish smaller than 200 mm disperse, probably in response to food shortages. Mortality rates may be accelerated but mortalities are not as high as in B. holubi. The growth rate of B. capensis is variable and depends on turbidity and population density. Size at sexual maturity remained relatively constant during the study period. B. holubi has a relatively fixed reproduction cycle in Lake le Roux and exploitation is likely to dampen fluctuations in population density. Population growth and stability could be further promoted through hydrological management. B. kimberleyensis does not represent an exploitable population in Lake le Roux, although the large size obtained by this species (>3 kg) may be an attraction to anglers. B. capensis does not appear to have the potential to withstand sustained exploitation because of its erratic and generally poor reproductive success. However, the species is long-lived and can sustain relatively high densities under harsh conditions because of its relatively low mortality rates. It was concluded that harvesting of B. holubi must be flexible to promote maximum benefits to commercial and recreational fisheries, but B. capensis which is not an angling species, should chiefly be exploited when catches of B. holubi are poor, but left to recover in between. An alternative management strategy would be to commercially exploit the fish populations of several reservoirs. A monitoring programme could be established to decide when each reservoir is to be exploited to see to the interests of commercial and recreational fishing alike.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983
- Authors: Tómasson, Tumi
- Date: 1983
- Subjects: Barbus Labeo Cyprinidae Freshwater fishes -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5206 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004518
- Description: The biology of three large cyprinid fishes, Barbus holubi, B. kimberleyensis and Labeo capensis, was studied in a large turbid man-made lake on the Orange River, South Africa. The influence of environmental fluctuations on population dynamics was examined in relation to biological adaptations. On this basis inferences were made about the effect exploitation would have on the populations, and management alternatives were considered. Lake Ie Roux is situated in a semi- arid area, downstream from another large reservoir, Lake Verwoerd. In the pristine river, flooding is seasonal, and floodwaters carry a heavy silt load. Lake Verwoerd acts as a silt-trap and changes in turbidity in Lake Ie Roux (Secchi disc readings range from 15 to 160 cm) are influenced by hydrological management and are not necessarily seasonal. Water temperatures in the regulated river connecting the two lakes depend on the pattern of water release, and fluctuations in Iake levels depend on management practices. Reproduction was studied by examination of gonads and from the distribution of newly hatched juveniles. Age and growth was interpreted from the reading of scales and otoliths. Relative year class strength, dispersal and mortality were monitored using catch data from a regular, standardized gillnetting survey. The Barbus species spawn in the regulated river in spring or summer. Spawning is coordinated for a large part of the population and B. holubi spawn four to six weeks earlier than B. kimberleyensis. The juveniles are 'initially found along the shoreline, but later move into the pelagic zone and disperse throughout the lake. Year class strength is dependent on time of spawning and a late spawning results in a poor year class. For this reason, year class strength of B. kimberleyensis is generally poor, but there is a greater variation in year class strength of B. holubi, which is the dominant large Barbus. The two Barbus species exploit the pelagic zone, visually predating on zooplankton. When turbidity increases large scale mortalities occur, especially in B. holubi. Mortalities more than compensate for the reduction in carrying capacity, and the size of the reduced population may be inversely related to initial abundance. Growth rate is similarly affected by turbidity and density, and size at sexual maturity in B. holubi is reduced when growing conditions deteriorate. Labeo capensis do not form a homogenous population in Lake le Roux. Spawning occurs throughout the lake, but is erratic, probably depending on local rainfall. At each locality, more than one spawning may occur during spring and summer because of temporal variation in gonadal development. Juvenile survival appears to be mainly dependent on water level fluctuations, and strong year classes were formed when the lake was filling during the first two years. Subsequent year classes were weak. Subadult and adult B. capensis are herbivorous and depend on autochthonous production for food. They are relatively sedentary, but when turbidity increases fish smaller than 200 mm disperse, probably in response to food shortages. Mortality rates may be accelerated but mortalities are not as high as in B. holubi. The growth rate of B. capensis is variable and depends on turbidity and population density. Size at sexual maturity remained relatively constant during the study period. B. holubi has a relatively fixed reproduction cycle in Lake le Roux and exploitation is likely to dampen fluctuations in population density. Population growth and stability could be further promoted through hydrological management. B. kimberleyensis does not represent an exploitable population in Lake le Roux, although the large size obtained by this species (>3 kg) may be an attraction to anglers. B. capensis does not appear to have the potential to withstand sustained exploitation because of its erratic and generally poor reproductive success. However, the species is long-lived and can sustain relatively high densities under harsh conditions because of its relatively low mortality rates. It was concluded that harvesting of B. holubi must be flexible to promote maximum benefits to commercial and recreational fisheries, but B. capensis which is not an angling species, should chiefly be exploited when catches of B. holubi are poor, but left to recover in between. An alternative management strategy would be to commercially exploit the fish populations of several reservoirs. A monitoring programme could be established to decide when each reservoir is to be exploited to see to the interests of commercial and recreational fishing alike.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983
The theory of the firm and pricing behaviour in South African manufacturing industry
- Authors: Dollery, Brian
- Date: 1983
- Subjects: Corporations Pricing Pricing -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1046 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006141
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983
- Authors: Dollery, Brian
- Date: 1983
- Subjects: Corporations Pricing Pricing -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1046 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006141
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1983
'n Sintaktiese ondersoek na die gebruik van onderskikkende voegwoorde en sinsverbindende woorde in Afrikaans
- Authors: Bosch, Agnes Barbara
- Date: 1984
- Subjects: Afrikaans language -- Conjunctions , Afrikaans language -- Syntax
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3613 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005906 , Afrikaans language -- Conjunctions , Afrikaans language -- Syntax
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1984
- Authors: Bosch, Agnes Barbara
- Date: 1984
- Subjects: Afrikaans language -- Conjunctions , Afrikaans language -- Syntax
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3613 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005906 , Afrikaans language -- Conjunctions , Afrikaans language -- Syntax
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1984
'Rhodesians' in South Africa : a study of immigrants from Zimbabwe
- Authors: Simon, Alan
- Date: 1984
- Subjects: Zimbabweans South Africa -- Foreign population Zimbabwe -- Emigration and immigration South Africa -- Emigration and immigration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3345 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005630
- Description: Although most whites have remained in Zimbabwe after independence and not all who have emigrated came to South Africa, large numbers established themselves as an immigrant community in this country. The aim of this study is to "sociologically capture" this community's views about their past experiences in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe and their present experiences in South Africa. This is done by employing a generative methodological procedure whereby members of the target population themselves generated issues considered to be of importance to their previous and new situational contexts. As it was not possible to obtain a random sample of all Zimbabwean immigrants in South Africa, questionnaire data were collected from four separate categories of respondents. In addition, depth interviews were conducted and thus responses have been analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings demonstrate that for the most part, few "Zimbabweans" - whites who are reasonably accepting of the new socio-political order in independent Zimbabwe - have come to South Africa. Rather, most of the immigrants, whose views were canvassed in this research investigation, seem to be bitter "Rhodesians" who have been unable to accept change and integration and the consequent loss of white privilege in the new Zimbabwe. These recent immigrants have not found all things to their satisfaction in South Africa moreover, despite the similar socio-political structures in former Rhodesia and contemporary South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1984
- Authors: Simon, Alan
- Date: 1984
- Subjects: Zimbabweans South Africa -- Foreign population Zimbabwe -- Emigration and immigration South Africa -- Emigration and immigration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3345 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005630
- Description: Although most whites have remained in Zimbabwe after independence and not all who have emigrated came to South Africa, large numbers established themselves as an immigrant community in this country. The aim of this study is to "sociologically capture" this community's views about their past experiences in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe and their present experiences in South Africa. This is done by employing a generative methodological procedure whereby members of the target population themselves generated issues considered to be of importance to their previous and new situational contexts. As it was not possible to obtain a random sample of all Zimbabwean immigrants in South Africa, questionnaire data were collected from four separate categories of respondents. In addition, depth interviews were conducted and thus responses have been analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings demonstrate that for the most part, few "Zimbabweans" - whites who are reasonably accepting of the new socio-political order in independent Zimbabwe - have come to South Africa. Rather, most of the immigrants, whose views were canvassed in this research investigation, seem to be bitter "Rhodesians" who have been unable to accept change and integration and the consequent loss of white privilege in the new Zimbabwe. These recent immigrants have not found all things to their satisfaction in South Africa moreover, despite the similar socio-political structures in former Rhodesia and contemporary South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1984
A critical investigation of the semantic and morphological aspects of terminological incompetence (with special reference to the English-speaking student of Physical Science and History in the Cape Education Department high school)
- Authors: Venter, Malcolm Gordon
- Date: 1984
- Subjects: English language -- Semantics English language -- Morphology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2369 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003810
- Description: From Background to the thesis: It has been said that 'educational failure is language failure'. It can be argued here that there are many other factors which could cause educational failure and that language failure does not necessarily result in lack of academic success. However, it is no doubt true that the schoolchild who does not attain a certain type of language competence will be handicapped as regards academic performance. The underlying reason for this is the fact that our educational system is heavily reliant on language - and espacially the written language - as a medium of learning as opposed to the 'direct learning' experiences advocated by certain educationists today such as Ivan Illich in America and John Holt in Britain. Language is the basis both of learning and of communicating what has been learnt. From the moment the child steps into his first period class in the morning till he leaves the last five hours later the child is involved in what is primarily a verbal experience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1984
- Authors: Venter, Malcolm Gordon
- Date: 1984
- Subjects: English language -- Semantics English language -- Morphology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2369 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003810
- Description: From Background to the thesis: It has been said that 'educational failure is language failure'. It can be argued here that there are many other factors which could cause educational failure and that language failure does not necessarily result in lack of academic success. However, it is no doubt true that the schoolchild who does not attain a certain type of language competence will be handicapped as regards academic performance. The underlying reason for this is the fact that our educational system is heavily reliant on language - and espacially the written language - as a medium of learning as opposed to the 'direct learning' experiences advocated by certain educationists today such as Ivan Illich in America and John Holt in Britain. Language is the basis both of learning and of communicating what has been learnt. From the moment the child steps into his first period class in the morning till he leaves the last five hours later the child is involved in what is primarily a verbal experience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1984
A phenomenological explication of dream interpretation among rural and urban Nguni people
- Authors: Schweitzer, Robert David
- Date: 1984
- Subjects: Nguni (African people) -- Religion Nguni (African people) -- Psychology Dreams Dreams -- Psychological aspects Healing -- South Africa -- Religious aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3125 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006189
- Description: Psychologists investigating dreams in non-Western cultures have generally not considered the meanings of dreams within the unique meaning-structure of the person in his or her societal context. The majority of dream studies in African societies are no exception. Researchers approaching dreams within rural Xhosa and Zulu speaking societies have either adopted an anthropological or a psychodynamic orientation. The latter approach particularly imposes a Western perspective in the interpretation of dream material. There have been no comparable studies of dream interpretation among urban blacks participating in the African Independent Church Movement. The present study focuses on the rural Xhosa speaking people and the urban black population who speak one of the Nguni languages and identify with the African Independent Church Movement. The study is concerned with understanding the meanings of dreams within the cultural context in which they occur. The specific aims of the study are: 1. To explicate the indigenous system of dream interpretation as revealed by acknowledged dream experts. 2. To examine the commonalities and the differences between the interpretation of dreams in two groups, drawn from a rural and urban setting respectively. 3. To elaborate upon the life-world of the participants by the interpretations gained from the above investigation. One hundred dreams and interpretations are collected from two categories of participants referred to as the Rural Group and the Urban Group. The Rural Group is made up of amagqira [traditional healers] and their clients, while the Urban Group consists of prophets and members of the African Independent Churches. Each group includes acknowledged dream experts. A phenomenological methodology is adopted in explicating the data. The methodological precedure involves a number of rigorous stages of explication whereby the original data is reduced to Constituent Profiles leading to the construction of a Thematic Index File. By searching and reflecting upon the data, interpretative themes are identified. These themes are explicated to provide a rigorous description of the interpretative-reality of each group. Themes explicated within the Rural Group are: the physiognomy of the dreamer's life- world as revealed by ithongo, the interpretation of ithongo as revealed through action, the dream relationship as an anticipatory mode-of-existence, iphupha as disclosing a vulnerable mode-of-being, human bodiliness as revealed in dream interpretations and the legitimation of the interpretative-reality within the life-world. Themes explicated within the Urban Group are : the physiognomy of the dreamer's life-world revealed in their dream-existence, the interpretative-reality revealed through the enaction of dreams, tension between the newer Christian-based cosomology and the traditional cultural-based cosmology, a moral imperative, prophetic perception and human bodiliness, as revealed in dream interpretations and the legitimation of the interpretative-reality within the life-world. The essence of the interpretative-reality of both groups is very similar and is expressed in the notion of relatedness to a cosmic mode-of-being. The cosmic mode-of-being includes a numinous dimension which is expressed through divine presence in the form of ancestors, Holy Spirit or God. These notions cannot be apprehended by theoretical constructs alone but may be grasped and given form in meaning-disclosing intuitions which are expressed in the lifeworld in terms of bodiliness, revelatory knowledge, action and healing. Some differences between the two groups are evident and reveal some conflict between the monotheistic Christian cosmology and the traditional cosmology. Unique aspects of the interpetative-reality of the Urban Group are expressed in terms of difficulties in the urban social environment and the notion of a moral imperative. It is observed that cultural self-expression based upon traditional ideas continues to play a significant role in the urban environment. The apparent conflict revealed between the respective cosmologies underlies an integration of traditional meanings with Christian concepts. This finding is consistent with the literature suggesting that the African Independent Church is a syncretic movement. The life-world is based upon the immediate and vivid experience of the numinous as revealed in the dream phenomenon. The participants' approach to dreams is not based upon an explicit theory, but upon an immediate and pathic understanding of the dream phenomenon. The understanding is based upon the interpreter's concrete understanding of the life-world, which includes the possibility of cosmic integration and continuity between the personal and transpersonal realms of being. The approach is characterized as an expression of man's primordial attunement with the cosmos. The approach of the participants to dreams may not be consistent with a Western rational orientation, but nevertheless, it is a valid approach. The validity is based upon the immediate life-world of experience which is intelligible, coherent, and above all, it is meaning-giving in revealing life-possibility within the context of human existence.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1984
- Authors: Schweitzer, Robert David
- Date: 1984
- Subjects: Nguni (African people) -- Religion Nguni (African people) -- Psychology Dreams Dreams -- Psychological aspects Healing -- South Africa -- Religious aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3125 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006189
- Description: Psychologists investigating dreams in non-Western cultures have generally not considered the meanings of dreams within the unique meaning-structure of the person in his or her societal context. The majority of dream studies in African societies are no exception. Researchers approaching dreams within rural Xhosa and Zulu speaking societies have either adopted an anthropological or a psychodynamic orientation. The latter approach particularly imposes a Western perspective in the interpretation of dream material. There have been no comparable studies of dream interpretation among urban blacks participating in the African Independent Church Movement. The present study focuses on the rural Xhosa speaking people and the urban black population who speak one of the Nguni languages and identify with the African Independent Church Movement. The study is concerned with understanding the meanings of dreams within the cultural context in which they occur. The specific aims of the study are: 1. To explicate the indigenous system of dream interpretation as revealed by acknowledged dream experts. 2. To examine the commonalities and the differences between the interpretation of dreams in two groups, drawn from a rural and urban setting respectively. 3. To elaborate upon the life-world of the participants by the interpretations gained from the above investigation. One hundred dreams and interpretations are collected from two categories of participants referred to as the Rural Group and the Urban Group. The Rural Group is made up of amagqira [traditional healers] and their clients, while the Urban Group consists of prophets and members of the African Independent Churches. Each group includes acknowledged dream experts. A phenomenological methodology is adopted in explicating the data. The methodological precedure involves a number of rigorous stages of explication whereby the original data is reduced to Constituent Profiles leading to the construction of a Thematic Index File. By searching and reflecting upon the data, interpretative themes are identified. These themes are explicated to provide a rigorous description of the interpretative-reality of each group. Themes explicated within the Rural Group are: the physiognomy of the dreamer's life- world as revealed by ithongo, the interpretation of ithongo as revealed through action, the dream relationship as an anticipatory mode-of-existence, iphupha as disclosing a vulnerable mode-of-being, human bodiliness as revealed in dream interpretations and the legitimation of the interpretative-reality within the life-world. Themes explicated within the Urban Group are : the physiognomy of the dreamer's life-world revealed in their dream-existence, the interpretative-reality revealed through the enaction of dreams, tension between the newer Christian-based cosomology and the traditional cultural-based cosmology, a moral imperative, prophetic perception and human bodiliness, as revealed in dream interpretations and the legitimation of the interpretative-reality within the life-world. The essence of the interpretative-reality of both groups is very similar and is expressed in the notion of relatedness to a cosmic mode-of-being. The cosmic mode-of-being includes a numinous dimension which is expressed through divine presence in the form of ancestors, Holy Spirit or God. These notions cannot be apprehended by theoretical constructs alone but may be grasped and given form in meaning-disclosing intuitions which are expressed in the lifeworld in terms of bodiliness, revelatory knowledge, action and healing. Some differences between the two groups are evident and reveal some conflict between the monotheistic Christian cosmology and the traditional cosmology. Unique aspects of the interpetative-reality of the Urban Group are expressed in terms of difficulties in the urban social environment and the notion of a moral imperative. It is observed that cultural self-expression based upon traditional ideas continues to play a significant role in the urban environment. The apparent conflict revealed between the respective cosmologies underlies an integration of traditional meanings with Christian concepts. This finding is consistent with the literature suggesting that the African Independent Church is a syncretic movement. The life-world is based upon the immediate and vivid experience of the numinous as revealed in the dream phenomenon. The participants' approach to dreams is not based upon an explicit theory, but upon an immediate and pathic understanding of the dream phenomenon. The understanding is based upon the interpreter's concrete understanding of the life-world, which includes the possibility of cosmic integration and continuity between the personal and transpersonal realms of being. The approach is characterized as an expression of man's primordial attunement with the cosmos. The approach of the participants to dreams may not be consistent with a Western rational orientation, but nevertheless, it is a valid approach. The validity is based upon the immediate life-world of experience which is intelligible, coherent, and above all, it is meaning-giving in revealing life-possibility within the context of human existence.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1984