Subjective well-being in Africa
- Botha, Ferdi, Snowball, Jeanette D
- Authors: Botha, Ferdi , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61084 , vital:27946
- Description: Research on quality of life and subjective well-being (SWB) has witnessed a remarkable growth over the past four decades or so. Since Easterlin’s (1974) seminal contribution on the relationship between happiness and income, thousands of studies have followed that examine the intricacies of subjective well-being (for reviews, see Frey and Stutzer, 2002; Dolan et al., 2008; MacKerron, 2012). These studies have uncovered some very important aspects of individual well-being and have pointed to the fact that money or income is not always (as is often assumed) the most important determinant of SWB.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Botha, Ferdi , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/61084 , vital:27946
- Description: Research on quality of life and subjective well-being (SWB) has witnessed a remarkable growth over the past four decades or so. Since Easterlin’s (1974) seminal contribution on the relationship between happiness and income, thousands of studies have followed that examine the intricacies of subjective well-being (for reviews, see Frey and Stutzer, 2002; Dolan et al., 2008; MacKerron, 2012). These studies have uncovered some very important aspects of individual well-being and have pointed to the fact that money or income is not always (as is often assumed) the most important determinant of SWB.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Art investment as a portfolio diversification strategy in South Africa
- Botha, Ferdi, Scott, Brett, Snowball, Jeanette D
- Authors: Botha, Ferdi , Scott, Brett , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67422 , vital:29086
- Description: publisher version , Art has been suggested as a good way to diversify investment portfolios during times of financial uncertainty. The argument is that art exhibits different risk and return characteristics to conventional investments in other asset classes. The new Citadel Art Price index offered the opportunity to test this theory in the South African context. The Citadel index uses the hedonic regression method with observations drawn from the top 100, 50 and 20 artists by sales volume, giving approximately 29 503 total auction observations. The Index consists of quarterly data from the period 2000Q1 to 2013Q3. A VAR of the art price index, Johannesburg Stock Exchange all-share index, house price index, and South African government bond index were used. Flowing from the VAR results, additional analyses included variance decomposition, impulse response, and, to determine volatility, variance and standard deviation measures for each index. Results show that, when there are increased returns on the stock market in the previous period and wealth increases, there is a change in the Citadel Art Price Index in the same direction. This finding is consistent with Goetzmann et al. (2009), who reported that there is a strong relationship between art and equity markets and that art price changes are driven by capital gains and losses. No significant difference was found between the house price index and the art price index, and neither between the art and government bond price indices. Overall, the South African art market does not offer the opportunity to diversify portfolios dominated by either property, bonds, or shares.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Botha, Ferdi , Scott, Brett , Snowball, Jeanette D
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67422 , vital:29086
- Description: publisher version , Art has been suggested as a good way to diversify investment portfolios during times of financial uncertainty. The argument is that art exhibits different risk and return characteristics to conventional investments in other asset classes. The new Citadel Art Price index offered the opportunity to test this theory in the South African context. The Citadel index uses the hedonic regression method with observations drawn from the top 100, 50 and 20 artists by sales volume, giving approximately 29 503 total auction observations. The Index consists of quarterly data from the period 2000Q1 to 2013Q3. A VAR of the art price index, Johannesburg Stock Exchange all-share index, house price index, and South African government bond index were used. Flowing from the VAR results, additional analyses included variance decomposition, impulse response, and, to determine volatility, variance and standard deviation measures for each index. Results show that, when there are increased returns on the stock market in the previous period and wealth increases, there is a change in the Citadel Art Price Index in the same direction. This finding is consistent with Goetzmann et al. (2009), who reported that there is a strong relationship between art and equity markets and that art price changes are driven by capital gains and losses. No significant difference was found between the house price index and the art price index, and neither between the art and government bond price indices. Overall, the South African art market does not offer the opportunity to diversify portfolios dominated by either property, bonds, or shares.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Determinants of student satisfaction with campus residence life at a South African university
- Botha, Ferdi, Snowball, Jeanette D, De Klerk, Vivian A, Radloff, Sarah E
- Authors: Botha, Ferdi , Snowball, Jeanette D , De Klerk, Vivian A , Radloff, Sarah E
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69277 , vital:29475 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15904-1_2
- Description: Factors outside the classroom can contribute to academic success as well as the achievement of important outcomes such as the appreciation of human diversity. Striving towards equality of residence life satisfaction is thus important for academic outcomes and for the development of well-functioning citizens. This study is based on the 2011 Quality of Residence Life (QoRL) Survey, conducted at a South African university, comprising roughly 2,000 respondents. The study investigates the association between satisfaction with QoRL and (i) residence milieu and characteristics, (ii) direct and indirect discrimination, (iii) perceptions of drug and alcohol issues in residence, (iv) safety, and (v) individual student characteristics. One main finding is that there are no significant differences in satisfaction with QoRL across racial and gender groups; suggesting significant progress in university transformation and equity goals. The general atmosphere and characteristics of residences are also important predictors of QoRL satisfaction.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Botha, Ferdi , Snowball, Jeanette D , De Klerk, Vivian A , Radloff, Sarah E
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69277 , vital:29475 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15904-1_2
- Description: Factors outside the classroom can contribute to academic success as well as the achievement of important outcomes such as the appreciation of human diversity. Striving towards equality of residence life satisfaction is thus important for academic outcomes and for the development of well-functioning citizens. This study is based on the 2011 Quality of Residence Life (QoRL) Survey, conducted at a South African university, comprising roughly 2,000 respondents. The study investigates the association between satisfaction with QoRL and (i) residence milieu and characteristics, (ii) direct and indirect discrimination, (iii) perceptions of drug and alcohol issues in residence, (iv) safety, and (v) individual student characteristics. One main finding is that there are no significant differences in satisfaction with QoRL across racial and gender groups; suggesting significant progress in university transformation and equity goals. The general atmosphere and characteristics of residences are also important predictors of QoRL satisfaction.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2015
JMS: a workflow management system and web-based cluster front-end for the Torque resource manager
- Brown, David K, Musyoka, Thommas M, Penkler, David L, Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Authors: Brown, David K , Musyoka, Thommas M , Penkler, David L , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148049 , vital:38705 , https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.06907
- Description: Complex computational pipelines are becoming a staple of modern scientific research. Often these pipelines are resource intensive and require days of computing time. In such cases, it makes sense to run them over distributed computer clusters where they can take advantage of the aggregated resources of many powerful computers. In addition to this, researchers often want to integrate their workflows into their own web servers. In these cases, software is needed to manage the submission of jobs from the web interface to the cluster and then return the results once the job has finished executing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Brown, David K , Musyoka, Thommas M , Penkler, David L , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148049 , vital:38705 , https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.06907
- Description: Complex computational pipelines are becoming a staple of modern scientific research. Often these pipelines are resource intensive and require days of computing time. In such cases, it makes sense to run them over distributed computer clusters where they can take advantage of the aggregated resources of many powerful computers. In addition to this, researchers often want to integrate their workflows into their own web servers. In these cases, software is needed to manage the submission of jobs from the web interface to the cluster and then return the results once the job has finished executing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
JMS: an open source workflow management system and web-based cluster front-end for high performance computing
- Brown, David K, Penkler, David L, Musyoka, Thommas M, Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Authors: Brown, David K , Penkler, David L , Musyoka, Thommas M , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/162880 , vital:40993 , doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134273
- Description: Complex computational pipelines are becoming a staple of modern scientific research. Often these pipelines are resource intensive and require days of computing time. In such cases, it makes sense to run them over high performance computing (HPC) clusters where they can take advantage of the aggregated resources of many powerful computers. In addition to this, researchers often want to integrate their workflows into their own web servers. In these cases, software is needed to manage the submission of jobs from the web interface to the cluster and then return the results once the job has finished executing. We have developed the Job Management System (JMS), a workflow management system and web interface for high performance computing (HPC). JMS provides users with a user-friendly web interface for creating complex workflows with multiple stages. It integrates this workflow functionality with the resource manager, a tool that is used to control and manage batch jobs on HPC clusters. As such, JMS combines workflow management functionality with cluster administration functionality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Brown, David K , Penkler, David L , Musyoka, Thommas M , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/162880 , vital:40993 , doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134273
- Description: Complex computational pipelines are becoming a staple of modern scientific research. Often these pipelines are resource intensive and require days of computing time. In such cases, it makes sense to run them over high performance computing (HPC) clusters where they can take advantage of the aggregated resources of many powerful computers. In addition to this, researchers often want to integrate their workflows into their own web servers. In these cases, software is needed to manage the submission of jobs from the web interface to the cluster and then return the results once the job has finished executing. We have developed the Job Management System (JMS), a workflow management system and web interface for high performance computing (HPC). JMS provides users with a user-friendly web interface for creating complex workflows with multiple stages. It integrates this workflow functionality with the resource manager, a tool that is used to control and manage batch jobs on HPC clusters. As such, JMS combines workflow management functionality with cluster administration functionality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Just saying “No” is not enough: a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis of anti-rape poster campaigns
- Böhmke, Werner, Bennie, Rachel, Minnie, Chantel, Moore, Sarah-Ann, Pilusa, Mikaylah, Pollock, James
- Authors: Böhmke, Werner , Bennie, Rachel , Minnie, Chantel , Moore, Sarah-Ann , Pilusa, Mikaylah , Pollock, James
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143727 , vital:38277 , https://ischp.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/ischp_2015_abstract_booklet.pdf
- Description: Sexual violence is a serious social concern, especially in South Africa. Explanations for high levels of sexual violence often point to normative cultural expectations regarding gendered behaviour. Consequently, attempts to address sexual violence frequently take the form of public health initiatives aimed at increasing awareness of the problem, encouraging reporting and, much more recently, addressing the social attitudes believed to be held by perpetrators of this violence. A common format for such initiatives is anti-rape poster campaigns. This paper argues, through applying Foucauldian discourse analysis to a series of posters, that very often the messages conveyed by these initiatives are addressed at the prohibition of behaviours associated with sexual violence. The analysis shows that this strategy may not be sufficient, and instead argues that alternative strategies - aimed at inviting audiences to take up an ethical position - may be more effective at producing change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Böhmke, Werner , Bennie, Rachel , Minnie, Chantel , Moore, Sarah-Ann , Pilusa, Mikaylah , Pollock, James
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143727 , vital:38277 , https://ischp.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/ischp_2015_abstract_booklet.pdf
- Description: Sexual violence is a serious social concern, especially in South Africa. Explanations for high levels of sexual violence often point to normative cultural expectations regarding gendered behaviour. Consequently, attempts to address sexual violence frequently take the form of public health initiatives aimed at increasing awareness of the problem, encouraging reporting and, much more recently, addressing the social attitudes believed to be held by perpetrators of this violence. A common format for such initiatives is anti-rape poster campaigns. This paper argues, through applying Foucauldian discourse analysis to a series of posters, that very often the messages conveyed by these initiatives are addressed at the prohibition of behaviours associated with sexual violence. The analysis shows that this strategy may not be sufficient, and instead argues that alternative strategies - aimed at inviting audiences to take up an ethical position - may be more effective at producing change.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Towards a Mobile Bioethanol Unit for point of source conversion of sugar sources to bioethanol: design and feasibility study for South Africa
- Authors: Cech, Alexandra Louise
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59141 , vital:27439
- Description: Restricted access-thesis embargoed for 5 years
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Cech, Alexandra Louise
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59141 , vital:27439
- Description: Restricted access-thesis embargoed for 5 years
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Detriments associated with substance abuse among out - of - school youth in Ntselamanzi, village, Alice Town
- Authors: Chatikobo, Nyasha
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Substance abuse--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Drug abuse--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Youth--Substance use--South Africa--Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19442 , vital:43087
- Description: The main aim of the study was to investigate the detriments associated with substance abuse among the out- of- school youth of Ntselamanzi Village in Alice. This study intended to achieve the following objectives. (i) to establish the causes of increased indulgence in substance abuse in Ntselamanzi village, Eastern Cape. (ii) to identify the various kinds of drugs abused by the society of Ntselamanzi (iii) to identify the consequences of substance abuse to the lives of the out-of-school youth. (iv) to suggest the strategies that can be used to reduce substance abuse in order to enhance the youth‟s socio-economic growth and societal bliss. Using the quantitative method ninety-eight questionnaires were administered to the out-of-school youth in Ntselamanzi village and eighty questionnaires were returned fully answered. The major findings of the study outlined that dominating factors of substance abuse in Ntselamanzi village were family drug use, increased drug accessibility, lack of recreation and peer influence. As a result drug abuse among the out of school youth has indicated that the youth end up dropping out of school, unemployed, facing health complications and committing anti-social activities in the village which causing family conflicts and rifts in the community. These all affected the out-of-school youths‟ well-being, academic future and their quality of life was lowered due to all related issues with drug abuse. It can be concluded that drug use among rural outof-school youth is detrimental to the out-of-school youths, their families destroyed and their community crippled from the anti-social activities that take place. The future of the youths‟ education is hampered; the quality of persons in the community and families is lowered. Having unproductive out-of-school youth as a result of drug abuse is not good for the development of the village and all the persons therein. , Thesis (M Soc Sc) (Social Work) -- University of Fort Hare, 2015
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Chatikobo, Nyasha
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Substance abuse--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Drug abuse--South Africa--Eastern Cape , Youth--Substance use--South Africa--Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19442 , vital:43087
- Description: The main aim of the study was to investigate the detriments associated with substance abuse among the out- of- school youth of Ntselamanzi Village in Alice. This study intended to achieve the following objectives. (i) to establish the causes of increased indulgence in substance abuse in Ntselamanzi village, Eastern Cape. (ii) to identify the various kinds of drugs abused by the society of Ntselamanzi (iii) to identify the consequences of substance abuse to the lives of the out-of-school youth. (iv) to suggest the strategies that can be used to reduce substance abuse in order to enhance the youth‟s socio-economic growth and societal bliss. Using the quantitative method ninety-eight questionnaires were administered to the out-of-school youth in Ntselamanzi village and eighty questionnaires were returned fully answered. The major findings of the study outlined that dominating factors of substance abuse in Ntselamanzi village were family drug use, increased drug accessibility, lack of recreation and peer influence. As a result drug abuse among the out of school youth has indicated that the youth end up dropping out of school, unemployed, facing health complications and committing anti-social activities in the village which causing family conflicts and rifts in the community. These all affected the out-of-school youths‟ well-being, academic future and their quality of life was lowered due to all related issues with drug abuse. It can be concluded that drug use among rural outof-school youth is detrimental to the out-of-school youths, their families destroyed and their community crippled from the anti-social activities that take place. The future of the youths‟ education is hampered; the quality of persons in the community and families is lowered. Having unproductive out-of-school youth as a result of drug abuse is not good for the development of the village and all the persons therein. , Thesis (M Soc Sc) (Social Work) -- University of Fort Hare, 2015
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Are people responsive to a more sustainable, decentralized, and user-driven management of urban metabolism?:
- Chelleri, Lorenzo, Kua, Harn W, Rodriguez Sanchez, Juan P, Nahiduzzaman, Kh M, Thondhlana, Gladman
- Authors: Chelleri, Lorenzo , Kua, Harn W , Rodriguez Sanchez, Juan P , Nahiduzzaman, Kh M , Thondhlana, Gladman
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144299 , vital:38329 , https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-0264
- Description: Smart, green, and resilient city paradigms have been mainly promoted through top-down and technocratic approaches. However, based on the notion to return to “the right to the city”, emerging community-driven initiatives are providing self-managed infrastructures contributing to urban sustainability transitions. This paper explores the relevance of the behavioral aspects of people-centered approaches in dealing with two different facets of urban metabolism: physical infrastructure (involvement with the management of decentralized infrastructures) and consumption patterns (involvement in proactive reduction of resources used). In the first case we assessed community perceptions about the roles, benefits, and willingness to proactively engage in the management of decentralized green infrastructures in Bogotá City, Colombia. For the second facet, we measured the effectiveness of change agents in re-shaping energy consumption decisions within urban social networks in South Africa and Saudi Arabia. This paper’s results show that pre-determined and standardized strategies do not guarantee positive, nor homogeneous, results in terms of meeting sustainability targets, or promoting community involvement. Hence, a better integration of people-centered and top-down approaches is needed through context-dependent policies, for enhancing both users’ appreciation of and commitment to urban metabolism participative management.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Chelleri, Lorenzo , Kua, Harn W , Rodriguez Sanchez, Juan P , Nahiduzzaman, Kh M , Thondhlana, Gladman
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144299 , vital:38329 , https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-0264
- Description: Smart, green, and resilient city paradigms have been mainly promoted through top-down and technocratic approaches. However, based on the notion to return to “the right to the city”, emerging community-driven initiatives are providing self-managed infrastructures contributing to urban sustainability transitions. This paper explores the relevance of the behavioral aspects of people-centered approaches in dealing with two different facets of urban metabolism: physical infrastructure (involvement with the management of decentralized infrastructures) and consumption patterns (involvement in proactive reduction of resources used). In the first case we assessed community perceptions about the roles, benefits, and willingness to proactively engage in the management of decentralized green infrastructures in Bogotá City, Colombia. For the second facet, we measured the effectiveness of change agents in re-shaping energy consumption decisions within urban social networks in South Africa and Saudi Arabia. This paper’s results show that pre-determined and standardized strategies do not guarantee positive, nor homogeneous, results in terms of meeting sustainability targets, or promoting community involvement. Hence, a better integration of people-centered and top-down approaches is needed through context-dependent policies, for enhancing both users’ appreciation of and commitment to urban metabolism participative management.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Structure and agency in the age of climate change
- Authors: Cherry, Janet
- Subjects: South Africa -- Economic conditions , South Africa -- Social conditions , f-sa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Lectures
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21033 , vital:29429
- Description: What I will present here is based on my grappling over the past three decades with one of the central problems of social science – the relationship between social structure and human agency. This is not a new problem for social scientists; from Karl Marx, who understood that human beings make history, but not in circumstances of their choosing; to the French structuralists who conceived the term ‘relative autonomy’ and ‘overdetermination’; to Anthony Giddens’ ‘structuration theory’ and other contemporary sociologists. What is new are the changing physical circumstances of the world in which we live, which mean that human society can no longer afford to analyse ourselves and our social, political and economic systems independently of the natural world.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Cherry, Janet
- Subjects: South Africa -- Economic conditions , South Africa -- Social conditions , f-sa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Lectures
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21033 , vital:29429
- Description: What I will present here is based on my grappling over the past three decades with one of the central problems of social science – the relationship between social structure and human agency. This is not a new problem for social scientists; from Karl Marx, who understood that human beings make history, but not in circumstances of their choosing; to the French structuralists who conceived the term ‘relative autonomy’ and ‘overdetermination’; to Anthony Giddens’ ‘structuration theory’ and other contemporary sociologists. What is new are the changing physical circumstances of the world in which we live, which mean that human society can no longer afford to analyse ourselves and our social, political and economic systems independently of the natural world.
- Full Text:
Cyber Vulnerability Assessment: Case Study of Malawi and Tanzania
- Chindipha, Stones, D, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Chindipha, Stones, D , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428558 , vital:72520 , https://accconference.mandela.ac.za/ACCConference/media/Store/images/Proceedings-2015.pdf#page=105
- Description: Much as the Internet is beneficial to our daily activities, with each passing day it also brings along with it information security concerns for the users be they at company or national level. Each year the number of Internet users keeps growing, particularly in Africa, and this means only one thing, more cyber-attacks. Governments have become a focal point of this data leakage problem making this a matter of national security. Looking at the current state of affairs, cyber-based incidents are more likely to increase in Africa, mainly due to the increased prevalence and affordability of broadband connectivity which is coupled with lack of online security awareness. A drop in the cost of broadband connection means more people will be able to afford Internet connectivity. With open Source Intelligence (OSINT), this paper aims to perform a vulnerability analysis for states in Eastern Africa building from prior research by Swart et al. which showed that there are vulnerabilities in the information systems, using the case of South Africa as an example. States in East Africa are to be considered as candidates, with the final decision being determined by access to suitable resources, and availability of information. A comparative analysis to assess the factors that affect the degree of security susceptibilities in various states will also be made and information security measures used by various governments to ascertain the extent of their contribution to this vulnerability will be assessed. This pilot study will be extended to other Southern and Eastern African states like Botswana, Kenya, Uganda and Namibia in future work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Chindipha, Stones, D , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428558 , vital:72520 , https://accconference.mandela.ac.za/ACCConference/media/Store/images/Proceedings-2015.pdf#page=105
- Description: Much as the Internet is beneficial to our daily activities, with each passing day it also brings along with it information security concerns for the users be they at company or national level. Each year the number of Internet users keeps growing, particularly in Africa, and this means only one thing, more cyber-attacks. Governments have become a focal point of this data leakage problem making this a matter of national security. Looking at the current state of affairs, cyber-based incidents are more likely to increase in Africa, mainly due to the increased prevalence and affordability of broadband connectivity which is coupled with lack of online security awareness. A drop in the cost of broadband connection means more people will be able to afford Internet connectivity. With open Source Intelligence (OSINT), this paper aims to perform a vulnerability analysis for states in Eastern Africa building from prior research by Swart et al. which showed that there are vulnerabilities in the information systems, using the case of South Africa as an example. States in East Africa are to be considered as candidates, with the final decision being determined by access to suitable resources, and availability of information. A comparative analysis to assess the factors that affect the degree of security susceptibilities in various states will also be made and information security measures used by various governments to ascertain the extent of their contribution to this vulnerability will be assessed. This pilot study will be extended to other Southern and Eastern African states like Botswana, Kenya, Uganda and Namibia in future work.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Microbial water quality of treated water and raw water sources in the Harare area, Zimbabwe
- Chirenda, Tatenda G, Srinivas, Sunitha C, Tandlich, Roman
- Authors: Chirenda, Tatenda G , Srinivas, Sunitha C , Tandlich, Roman
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76206 , vital:30520 , http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v41i5.12
- Description: Microbial water quality is an essential aspect in the provision of potable water for domestic use. The provision of adequate amounts of safe water for domestic purposes has become difficult for most municipalities mandated to do so in Zimbabwe. Morton-Jaffray Treatment Plant supplies potable water to Harare City and areas surrounding Harare. This study investigated microbial water quality and the impact of microbial water quality related disasters in the area supplied by the Morton Jaffray Treatment Plant. Questionnaires were distributed to household owners in Harare who receive their water from the Municipality and those who use alternate water supplies. Candidates were randomly selected from their workplace. The raw water quality of Manyame River and its tributaries was assessed. Treated water in households was assessed for microbial quality using hydrogen sulphide test and heterotrophic bacteria plate count. Raw water sources were found to be contaminated by faecal matter. Household water sources tested negative for faecal contamination but positive for heterotrophic bacteria. CFU quantities ranged from 1 to 452 CFU/m. for all samples. The WHO guidelines for domestic water sources state that water used for domestic purposes should not be contain than 100 CFU/m.. Public perceptions of water quality ranged from eunsafef to ehighly contaminatedf. A decrease in the level of aesthetic appeal resulted in residents resorting to alternative sources such as wells and rivers for their domestic water. The current state of treated water was suitable for domestic use. Pathogen monitoring of domestic water is recommended using the hydrogen sulphide test and R2A agar test.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Chirenda, Tatenda G , Srinivas, Sunitha C , Tandlich, Roman
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76206 , vital:30520 , http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v41i5.12
- Description: Microbial water quality is an essential aspect in the provision of potable water for domestic use. The provision of adequate amounts of safe water for domestic purposes has become difficult for most municipalities mandated to do so in Zimbabwe. Morton-Jaffray Treatment Plant supplies potable water to Harare City and areas surrounding Harare. This study investigated microbial water quality and the impact of microbial water quality related disasters in the area supplied by the Morton Jaffray Treatment Plant. Questionnaires were distributed to household owners in Harare who receive their water from the Municipality and those who use alternate water supplies. Candidates were randomly selected from their workplace. The raw water quality of Manyame River and its tributaries was assessed. Treated water in households was assessed for microbial quality using hydrogen sulphide test and heterotrophic bacteria plate count. Raw water sources were found to be contaminated by faecal matter. Household water sources tested negative for faecal contamination but positive for heterotrophic bacteria. CFU quantities ranged from 1 to 452 CFU/m. for all samples. The WHO guidelines for domestic water sources state that water used for domestic purposes should not be contain than 100 CFU/m.. Public perceptions of water quality ranged from eunsafef to ehighly contaminatedf. A decrease in the level of aesthetic appeal resulted in residents resorting to alternative sources such as wells and rivers for their domestic water. The current state of treated water was suitable for domestic use. Pathogen monitoring of domestic water is recommended using the hydrogen sulphide test and R2A agar test.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The prevalence of planning and management frameworks for trees and green spaces in urban areas of South Africa
- Chishaleshale, M, Shackleton, Charlie M, Gambiza, James, Gumbo, Davison
- Authors: Chishaleshale, M , Shackleton, Charlie M , Gambiza, James , Gumbo, Davison
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180884 , vital:43659 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.09.012"
- Description: Optimisation of the benefits from urban forestry and greening to urban dwellers and the environment rests on proactive and appropriate management planning, implementation and resourcing. Yet, lessons from the developed world show marked variability in development and adoption of urban tree and green space (UTGS) strategic plans and systematic monitoring and maintenance. Although financial and human resources for UTGS may be constrained in developing world contexts, there is no knowledge of the extent to which local authorities engage in appropriate and timely planning, management and monitoring. Here we examine the UTGS resourcing, planning, maintenance and integration across 28 local municipalities in the two poorest provinces in South Africa. It was revealed that most local municipalities were not managing their UTGS in a planned or systematic manner due to constraining factors such as insufficient funds, insufficient personnel, lack of equipment and lack of political support. Only 7% of the surveyed municipalities had an urban tree management plan and an estimate of the urban tree stock; 32% had tree policies; 21% had tree planting schedules; 11% had tree maintenance schedules. Over 65% claimed to engage other stakeholders in tree planting, but much was passive receipt of trees for planting rather than citizen engagement around species, places and values. Generally, the prevalence of most planning and maintenance elements increased with increasing size of the municipality and the presence of personnel specifically for UTGS management. It is likely that the prevalence of planning and maintenance functions will increase with greater political support from municipal councillors which may also decrease funding challenges.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Chishaleshale, M , Shackleton, Charlie M , Gambiza, James , Gumbo, Davison
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/180884 , vital:43659 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.09.012"
- Description: Optimisation of the benefits from urban forestry and greening to urban dwellers and the environment rests on proactive and appropriate management planning, implementation and resourcing. Yet, lessons from the developed world show marked variability in development and adoption of urban tree and green space (UTGS) strategic plans and systematic monitoring and maintenance. Although financial and human resources for UTGS may be constrained in developing world contexts, there is no knowledge of the extent to which local authorities engage in appropriate and timely planning, management and monitoring. Here we examine the UTGS resourcing, planning, maintenance and integration across 28 local municipalities in the two poorest provinces in South Africa. It was revealed that most local municipalities were not managing their UTGS in a planned or systematic manner due to constraining factors such as insufficient funds, insufficient personnel, lack of equipment and lack of political support. Only 7% of the surveyed municipalities had an urban tree management plan and an estimate of the urban tree stock; 32% had tree policies; 21% had tree planting schedules; 11% had tree maintenance schedules. Over 65% claimed to engage other stakeholders in tree planting, but much was passive receipt of trees for planting rather than citizen engagement around species, places and values. Generally, the prevalence of most planning and maintenance elements increased with increasing size of the municipality and the presence of personnel specifically for UTGS management. It is likely that the prevalence of planning and maintenance functions will increase with greater political support from municipal councillors which may also decrease funding challenges.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Synthesis and biological evaluation of truncated sarganaphthoquinoic acid derivatives as Hsp90 inhibitors
- Authors: Chiwakata, Maynard T
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/64708 , vital:28594
- Description: Hsp90 inhibition has been at the centre of attention in current research due to the possibility of “cracking down” on the entire process leading to the development of malignant cancers. Small underlying principles common in all types of cancers have been determined that govern the transformation of normal human cells into cancerous cells, with all relying on the ATPase activity of Hsp90 protein. Hsp90 protein is therefore an attractive drug target that if successfully inhibited can result in the remission of cancer tumours by one form of treatment. To date, no Hsp90 inhibitor has been sanctioned for cancer treatment as most are still in clinical development. Our research was therefore inspired by reports that indicated the potential of quinones / naphthoquinones to act as Hsp90 inhibitors. Preliminary results of a few selected marine natural product quinone systems i.e. sargaquinoic acid (SQA) (2.47) and lapachol (3.6) showed moderate cytotoxicity and weak interactions with the Hsp90 molecular chaperone, and evidence suggested C-terminal binding of these molecules. No correlation has been determined yet between cytotoxicity and Hsp90 inhibition, hence we aimed to develop natural product inspired molecules that exhibit both cytotoxic and Hsp90 inhibition properties. Due to limited amounts of the natural product that can be acquired from natural sources, synthetic analogues were opted for. Isolation of a few selected quinones was conducted to have material that could be used in biological assays. For structural modifications, a series of truncated naphthoquinone systems were prepared adopting the sarganaphthoquinoic acid (3.5) scaffold. The naphthoquinones were prepared via Diels-Alder reactions of relevant benzoquinones with myrcene, followed by aromatization reactions using MnO2. Various alkyl and aryl amines were then coupled to the C-2/3 position of the naphthoquinone using Michael’s addition reactions. Tricyclic naphthoquinones were also synthesized from reactions with hypotaurine and citral. Design of the analogues incorporated functionalities from known Hsp90 inhibitors e.g. geldanamycin (2.28) and its analogues. Preliminary results obtained showed that coupling of naphthoquinones with aryl-amines resulted in the most cytotoxic compounds (4.14-4.19) with IC50 values as low as 0.3 μM against Hs578T breast cancer carcinoma (triple negative). Most of the alkyl amines (4.20-4.25) had IC50 values greater than 50 μM except for 4.20 and 4.21 that showed IC50 values of 7.6 μM and 2.6 μM respectively. Tricyclic naphthoquinones (4.28-4.29) showed moderate cytotoxic activity of approximately 10 μM. Hsp90 inhibition was assessed by client protein degradation assays, of which SQA (2.47), showed the best Hsp90 inhibition properties, followed by compound 4.20. The most cytotoxic arylamino-naphthoquinone (4.16) and tricyclic naphthoquinones (4.28-4.29) showed only moderate inhibition. None of the compounds led to Hsp70 induction, suggesting possible binding to the C-terminus of Hsp90. Interactions at the binding site were assessed by molecular docking studies and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR. Docking studies were conducted on the N-terminus of Hsp90 and better binding was observed for arylamino naphthoquinones (4.14-4.19) than for other series of compounds. Unfortunately, the co-crystal structure for the C-terminus of Hsp90 is unavailable, hence docking study comparisons on both domains could not be conducted. However, STD NMR offered a platform to assess binding interactions between the naphthoquinones and the N- or C-terminal domains of Hsp90. However no interactions were observed at both the N- and C- termini of Hsp90 due to either weak binding of ligands to the protein or poor water solubility of the ligands. From these preliminary results, naphthoquinones bind to Hsp90 protein but conclusive remarks to which terminal domain they bind to could not be made. The best candidate from amongst the series of naphthoquinones prepared that showed moderate cytotoxicity and promising Hsp90 inhibition was compound 4.20. We therefore succeeded in developing a new series of naphthoquinones that possess moderate cytotoxicity and show Hsp90 inhibition.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Chiwakata, Maynard T
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/64708 , vital:28594
- Description: Hsp90 inhibition has been at the centre of attention in current research due to the possibility of “cracking down” on the entire process leading to the development of malignant cancers. Small underlying principles common in all types of cancers have been determined that govern the transformation of normal human cells into cancerous cells, with all relying on the ATPase activity of Hsp90 protein. Hsp90 protein is therefore an attractive drug target that if successfully inhibited can result in the remission of cancer tumours by one form of treatment. To date, no Hsp90 inhibitor has been sanctioned for cancer treatment as most are still in clinical development. Our research was therefore inspired by reports that indicated the potential of quinones / naphthoquinones to act as Hsp90 inhibitors. Preliminary results of a few selected marine natural product quinone systems i.e. sargaquinoic acid (SQA) (2.47) and lapachol (3.6) showed moderate cytotoxicity and weak interactions with the Hsp90 molecular chaperone, and evidence suggested C-terminal binding of these molecules. No correlation has been determined yet between cytotoxicity and Hsp90 inhibition, hence we aimed to develop natural product inspired molecules that exhibit both cytotoxic and Hsp90 inhibition properties. Due to limited amounts of the natural product that can be acquired from natural sources, synthetic analogues were opted for. Isolation of a few selected quinones was conducted to have material that could be used in biological assays. For structural modifications, a series of truncated naphthoquinone systems were prepared adopting the sarganaphthoquinoic acid (3.5) scaffold. The naphthoquinones were prepared via Diels-Alder reactions of relevant benzoquinones with myrcene, followed by aromatization reactions using MnO2. Various alkyl and aryl amines were then coupled to the C-2/3 position of the naphthoquinone using Michael’s addition reactions. Tricyclic naphthoquinones were also synthesized from reactions with hypotaurine and citral. Design of the analogues incorporated functionalities from known Hsp90 inhibitors e.g. geldanamycin (2.28) and its analogues. Preliminary results obtained showed that coupling of naphthoquinones with aryl-amines resulted in the most cytotoxic compounds (4.14-4.19) with IC50 values as low as 0.3 μM against Hs578T breast cancer carcinoma (triple negative). Most of the alkyl amines (4.20-4.25) had IC50 values greater than 50 μM except for 4.20 and 4.21 that showed IC50 values of 7.6 μM and 2.6 μM respectively. Tricyclic naphthoquinones (4.28-4.29) showed moderate cytotoxic activity of approximately 10 μM. Hsp90 inhibition was assessed by client protein degradation assays, of which SQA (2.47), showed the best Hsp90 inhibition properties, followed by compound 4.20. The most cytotoxic arylamino-naphthoquinone (4.16) and tricyclic naphthoquinones (4.28-4.29) showed only moderate inhibition. None of the compounds led to Hsp70 induction, suggesting possible binding to the C-terminus of Hsp90. Interactions at the binding site were assessed by molecular docking studies and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR. Docking studies were conducted on the N-terminus of Hsp90 and better binding was observed for arylamino naphthoquinones (4.14-4.19) than for other series of compounds. Unfortunately, the co-crystal structure for the C-terminus of Hsp90 is unavailable, hence docking study comparisons on both domains could not be conducted. However, STD NMR offered a platform to assess binding interactions between the naphthoquinones and the N- or C-terminal domains of Hsp90. However no interactions were observed at both the N- and C- termini of Hsp90 due to either weak binding of ligands to the protein or poor water solubility of the ligands. From these preliminary results, naphthoquinones bind to Hsp90 protein but conclusive remarks to which terminal domain they bind to could not be made. The best candidate from amongst the series of naphthoquinones prepared that showed moderate cytotoxicity and promising Hsp90 inhibition was compound 4.20. We therefore succeeded in developing a new series of naphthoquinones that possess moderate cytotoxicity and show Hsp90 inhibition.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Medical practitioners and conscientious objection to the provision of termination of pregnancy services:
- Chiwandire, Desire, Vincent, Louise
- Authors: Chiwandire, Desire , Vincent, Louise
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143838 , vital:38287 , https://ischp.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/ischp_2015_abstract_booklet.pdf
- Description: The 1996 Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act decriminalized abortion in South Africa and the South African Medicines Control Council in 2000 approved the dispensing of emergency contraceptive methods by pharmacists to women without a doctor’s prescription. This legislation has been hailed as among the most progressive in the world with respect to women’s reproductive justice. However, the realization of these rights in practice has not always met expectations, in part due to medical practitioners’ ethical objections to termination of pregnancy and the provision of related services. The aim of this study was to interpret the varying ways in which medical practitioners frame termination of pregnancy services, their own professional identities and that of their patients/clients. A Sample of 58 doctors and 59 pharmacists were drawn from all nine provinces of South Africa. Data were collected using an anonymous confidential internet-based self-administered questionnaire. Participants were randomly recruited from online listings of South African doctors and pharmacists practicing in both private and public sectors. Data were analysed using theoretically derived qualitative content analysis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Chiwandire, Desire , Vincent, Louise
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143838 , vital:38287 , https://ischp.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/ischp_2015_abstract_booklet.pdf
- Description: The 1996 Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act decriminalized abortion in South Africa and the South African Medicines Control Council in 2000 approved the dispensing of emergency contraceptive methods by pharmacists to women without a doctor’s prescription. This legislation has been hailed as among the most progressive in the world with respect to women’s reproductive justice. However, the realization of these rights in practice has not always met expectations, in part due to medical practitioners’ ethical objections to termination of pregnancy and the provision of related services. The aim of this study was to interpret the varying ways in which medical practitioners frame termination of pregnancy services, their own professional identities and that of their patients/clients. A Sample of 58 doctors and 59 pharmacists were drawn from all nine provinces of South Africa. Data were collected using an anonymous confidential internet-based self-administered questionnaire. Participants were randomly recruited from online listings of South African doctors and pharmacists practicing in both private and public sectors. Data were analysed using theoretically derived qualitative content analysis.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A narrative-discursive analysis of abortion decision making in Zimbabwe:
- Chiweshe, Malvern T, Macleod, Catriona I
- Authors: Chiweshe, Malvern T , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143882 , vital:38291 , https://ischp.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/ischp_2015_abstract_booklet.pdf
- Description: The available research on abortion-decision-making tends to focus on the ‘factors’ or ‘influences’ that are seen to affect abortion decision-making. This approach is rarely able to account for the complex, multi-faceted nature of abortion decision-making, and is often not located within a framework that can unpick the complex array of power relations that underpin the ‘process’ of abortion decision-making. Data reported on in this paper were collected from three sites in Zimbabwe. Narrative interviews were conducted with 18 women who had terminated pregnancies (six at each site) and semi-structured interviews were conducted with six service providers. The women employed discursive resources around stigma, religion, health and culture in telling stories around abortion shame, abortion as justified and the fearful, secretive act of abortion. Comparisons of the way women positioned themselves and how they were positioned by health service providers point to the availability and embeddedness of social discourses and power relations that work to enable/constrain reproductive justice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Chiweshe, Malvern T , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143882 , vital:38291 , https://ischp.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/ischp_2015_abstract_booklet.pdf
- Description: The available research on abortion-decision-making tends to focus on the ‘factors’ or ‘influences’ that are seen to affect abortion decision-making. This approach is rarely able to account for the complex, multi-faceted nature of abortion decision-making, and is often not located within a framework that can unpick the complex array of power relations that underpin the ‘process’ of abortion decision-making. Data reported on in this paper were collected from three sites in Zimbabwe. Narrative interviews were conducted with 18 women who had terminated pregnancies (six at each site) and semi-structured interviews were conducted with six service providers. The women employed discursive resources around stigma, religion, health and culture in telling stories around abortion shame, abortion as justified and the fearful, secretive act of abortion. Comparisons of the way women positioned themselves and how they were positioned by health service providers point to the availability and embeddedness of social discourses and power relations that work to enable/constrain reproductive justice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Patriarchy, women, land and livelihoods on A1 farms in Zimbabwe
- Chiweshe, Manase K, Chakona, Loveness, Helliker, Kirk D
- Authors: Chiweshe, Manase K , Chakona, Loveness , Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71204 , vital:29812 , https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909614541083
- Description: In this article, we focus on patriarchy, women, land and livelihoods on A1 farms in Zimbabwe which arose from the fast track land reform programme. There is now significant literature on A1 farms in Zimbabwe. These studies include a number of ethnographic and comparative studies but this literature does not give sustained attention to patriarchy and women. In addition, though, a small number of works have appeared based upon a more focused gender analysis. We draw upon this more focused literature and offer fresh fieldwork evidence based on recent studies undertaken by two of the authors, in Goromonzi and Mazowe districts. At times, radical socio-spatial reorganisation such as fast track may destabilise systems of patriarchy. In the case of fast track, there has been a reconfiguration of relations between men and women yet this is uneven and contradictory and remains within the confines of patriarchal structures, practices and discourses. At the same time, women have manoeuvred and negotiated at local levels to enhance their lives and livelihoods.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Chiweshe, Manase K , Chakona, Loveness , Helliker, Kirk D
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71204 , vital:29812 , https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909614541083
- Description: In this article, we focus on patriarchy, women, land and livelihoods on A1 farms in Zimbabwe which arose from the fast track land reform programme. There is now significant literature on A1 farms in Zimbabwe. These studies include a number of ethnographic and comparative studies but this literature does not give sustained attention to patriarchy and women. In addition, though, a small number of works have appeared based upon a more focused gender analysis. We draw upon this more focused literature and offer fresh fieldwork evidence based on recent studies undertaken by two of the authors, in Goromonzi and Mazowe districts. At times, radical socio-spatial reorganisation such as fast track may destabilise systems of patriarchy. In the case of fast track, there has been a reconfiguration of relations between men and women yet this is uneven and contradictory and remains within the confines of patriarchal structures, practices and discourses. At the same time, women have manoeuvred and negotiated at local levels to enhance their lives and livelihoods.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2015
Love in a cold war
- Authors: Christenson, Anna
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5988
- Description: A collection of short stories in two parts written in realist and fabulist styles. The first part looks at the post-war generation of baby boomers growing up in the American Midwest. The second half follows an American abroad and explores themes of disintegration, the shifting power balance in relationships and the terrible hole at the core of expatriate identity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Christenson, Anna
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: South African fiction (English) -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5988
- Description: A collection of short stories in two parts written in realist and fabulist styles. The first part looks at the post-war generation of baby boomers growing up in the American Midwest. The second half follows an American abroad and explores themes of disintegration, the shifting power balance in relationships and the terrible hole at the core of expatriate identity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Unravelling the myths about unplanned pregnancy among female students at University of Fort Hare East London Campus, South Africa
- Authors: Chukwunyere , Amadi P
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Unwanted pregnancy , Women college students , College students
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25415 , vital:64237
- Description: This research study examined: 1. the attitudes and perceptions of female university students towards unplanned pregnancies, their (pregnancies’) associated influences and their social economic consequences on the participants and their family. 2. The level of knowledge, the sources thereof, and the girls’ attitudes and perceptions toward contraception, abortion and their actual use as possible barriers in the prevention of unplanned pregnancies. 3. The possible interventions in curbing the phenomenon of unplanned pregnancies. Data for the study was gathered through in-depth-interviews with ten female undergraduate students at the University of Fort Hare in East London campus, who had the experience of unplanned pregnancy while studying. Selection of participants was done through snowball sampling. A number of factors responsible for the unplanned pregnancy are revealed, including: Inadequate and inconsistent use of contraceptives, ignorance about contraception or rejection of contraceptive use due to religious beliefs. Influential factors regarding unplanned child bearing include: The role of the mother and the boyfriend, traditional and religious beliefs, and the desire for child bearing and motherhood. Although the majority of the girls are knowledgeable about contraception, and their right to abortion, a number of barriers hinder them from putting this knowledge into practical use. Some of the most highlighted consequences of unplanned/unwanted pregnancy are the financial burden on the family and loss of study time. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2015
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Chukwunyere , Amadi P
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Unwanted pregnancy , Women college students , College students
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/25415 , vital:64237
- Description: This research study examined: 1. the attitudes and perceptions of female university students towards unplanned pregnancies, their (pregnancies’) associated influences and their social economic consequences on the participants and their family. 2. The level of knowledge, the sources thereof, and the girls’ attitudes and perceptions toward contraception, abortion and their actual use as possible barriers in the prevention of unplanned pregnancies. 3. The possible interventions in curbing the phenomenon of unplanned pregnancies. Data for the study was gathered through in-depth-interviews with ten female undergraduate students at the University of Fort Hare in East London campus, who had the experience of unplanned pregnancy while studying. Selection of participants was done through snowball sampling. A number of factors responsible for the unplanned pregnancy are revealed, including: Inadequate and inconsistent use of contraceptives, ignorance about contraception or rejection of contraceptive use due to religious beliefs. Influential factors regarding unplanned child bearing include: The role of the mother and the boyfriend, traditional and religious beliefs, and the desire for child bearing and motherhood. Although the majority of the girls are knowledgeable about contraception, and their right to abortion, a number of barriers hinder them from putting this knowledge into practical use. Some of the most highlighted consequences of unplanned/unwanted pregnancy are the financial burden on the family and loss of study time. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2015
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The impact of unguided animal husbandry on the peripheral and landscape elements: the case of Alice
- Chungag, Anye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2308-9410
- Authors: Chungag, Anye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2308-9410
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Livestock , Animal culture , Animal culture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19511 , vital:43134
- Description: This study is based on Unguided Animal Husbandry as practiced in the town of Alice and its surrounding locations. It underscores the fact that though cattle are domesticated animals, they are still migratory in character. Their migratory tendency is prompted by the need of food and water and sometimes convenient rest positions. The search for food, water and rest may lead cattle to travel for many kilometres away from enclosure. This movement allows them to establish eating and drinking preferences and locations which become habitual, hence tracks develop along these paths which greatly compromise the soil, water and vegetation quality of the landscape. This study identifies such tracks and investigates the impact of cattle movement on soil physical properties and vegetation characteristics. However all this is against the back drop of the open access land regime; a mode of exploiting common property to which all have equal rights. It is a system of land management that comes with inherent challenges. Amongst them a selfish inclination of taking decisions that is motivated by egoistic interests and utmost personal gain. Secondly no thought is given to management and sustainability, subjecting common property to Haddins (1968) philosophy ‘The tragedy of the commons’. The results of the study show that when cattle is left to free range in common property they establish feeding, drinking and rest habits that have greater negative consequences on ecosystem elements of soil, vegetation and water than the positive effects they bring. The open access regime under which this farming system operates is appraised and recommendations proposed for its amelioration. , Thesis (MPhil) (Environmental Studies) -- University of Fort Hare, 2015
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Chungag, Anye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2308-9410
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Livestock , Animal culture , Animal culture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19511 , vital:43134
- Description: This study is based on Unguided Animal Husbandry as practiced in the town of Alice and its surrounding locations. It underscores the fact that though cattle are domesticated animals, they are still migratory in character. Their migratory tendency is prompted by the need of food and water and sometimes convenient rest positions. The search for food, water and rest may lead cattle to travel for many kilometres away from enclosure. This movement allows them to establish eating and drinking preferences and locations which become habitual, hence tracks develop along these paths which greatly compromise the soil, water and vegetation quality of the landscape. This study identifies such tracks and investigates the impact of cattle movement on soil physical properties and vegetation characteristics. However all this is against the back drop of the open access land regime; a mode of exploiting common property to which all have equal rights. It is a system of land management that comes with inherent challenges. Amongst them a selfish inclination of taking decisions that is motivated by egoistic interests and utmost personal gain. Secondly no thought is given to management and sustainability, subjecting common property to Haddins (1968) philosophy ‘The tragedy of the commons’. The results of the study show that when cattle is left to free range in common property they establish feeding, drinking and rest habits that have greater negative consequences on ecosystem elements of soil, vegetation and water than the positive effects they bring. The open access regime under which this farming system operates is appraised and recommendations proposed for its amelioration. , Thesis (MPhil) (Environmental Studies) -- University of Fort Hare, 2015
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015