List of Titles

Ties that bind: the ambiguous role played by social capital in black working class first-generation South African students’ negotiation of university life

- Vincent, Louise, Hlatshwayo, M

Authors: Vincent, Louise , Hlatshwayo, M
Date: 2018
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141722 , vital:37999 , DOI: 10.20853/32-3-2538
Description: In this article we examine the ambiguous role that social capital plays in first generation Black working class South African students’ negotiation of entry into an elite higher education institutional environment. First generation student experiences have a particular relevance in South Africa where student enrolment increased by 193 000 between 1993 and 2004, with many of the new entrants first-generation students. South African research on first-generation working class Black students has focused on the low proportion of these students who reach university at all and among those who do enter university, the significant number who perform poorly or drop out before completing their degrees. The role played by social capital (social networks, close friends, associations, clubs and other affiliations) in these students’ experiences of negotiating their entry into university has been little explored.
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Date Issued: 2018

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Cutting tradition: the political regulation of traditional circumcision rites in South Africa's liberal democratic order

- Vincent, Louise

Authors: Vincent, Louise
Date: 2008
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141922 , vital:38016 , DOI: 10.1080/03057070701832890
Description: The South African Xhosa ethnic group, the majority of whom live in the country's Eastern Cape province, are one of several ethnic groups in southern Africa that practise the ritual of circumcision as part of a rite admitting boys to manhood. Recent years have seen a rise in casualties among those participating in traditional circumcision rites. Since 1995 more than 6,000 boys have been admitted to Eastern Cape hospitals, more than 300 have died and 76 have had their genitalia amputated due to botched circumcisions. The state has responded by putting in place a variety of mechanisms to regulate the practice, most recently in the form of the 2005 Children's Bill which gives male children the right to refuse circumcision and makes those who circumcise a child against his will guilty of an offence punishable by imprisonment. Attempts by the state to regulate traditional practices (of which circumcision is just one and virginity testing is another) have been met with outrage and resistance in some quarters.
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Date Issued: 2008

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Disclaiming/denigrating/dodging: white South African academics’ everyday racetalk

- Vincent, Louise, Idahosa, Grace E, Msomi, Zuziwe

Authors: Vincent, Louise , Idahosa, Grace E , Msomi, Zuziwe
Date: 2017
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141900 , vital:38014 , DOI: 10.1080/14725843.2017.1292119
Description: The call for the ‘transformation’ of higher education in South Africa is one instance of a wider effort, since the country’s first democratic election in 1994, to surmount an apartheid and colonial legacy of institutionalised racism. In 2015 and 2016 nationwide protests led to universities being shut down as students and staff expressed frustration institutions that continue to be experienced as racist and ‘untransformed’. In this study we report on interviews conducted with senior white academics at one South African university shortly before these protests began. Given that our participants are people of influence in their respective university departments, we asked, in in-depth open-ended interviews, what contribution they saw themselves making to ‘transformation’. We argue that the talk of these participants could be described as what authors in the field call 'racetalk', Talk is understood here as a form of social practice, the analysis of which helps us to understand how racism is reproduced in mundane ways which, taken together, account for the persistence of pervasive institutionalised racism in South African higher education that appears impervious to policy and regime change.
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Date Issued: 2017

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‘It’s tough being gay’: gay, lesbian and bisexual students’ experiences of being ‘at home’in South African university residence life

- Vincent, Louise, Munyuki, C

Authors: Vincent, Louise , Munyuki, C
Date: 2017
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141734 , vital:38000 , DOI: 10.20853/31-2-869
Description: In the post-apartheid era, a variety of commentators invoked the idea of making university campuses a ‘home for all’ so as to depict a vision of what transformed, inclusive higher education institutional cultures, might look like. In this article, we discuss the experiences of students who self-identified as gay, lesbian or bisexual of being ‘at home’ in university residence life on a largely residential South African campus. Drawing from many different disciplines, including anthropology, history, philosophy, geography, psychology, architecture and sociology, we distil the essential features of ‘at-homeness’ as incorporating comfort, privacy, security, acceptance, companionship, recognition and community – all of which are central to human flourishing. We find that while some participants reported being afforded the advantages of feeling at home in university residence life, others are routinely denied many of the essential comforts associated with being ‘at home’ that heterosexual students have the privilege of taking for granted as a component of their experience of university residence life.
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Date Issued: 2017

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Of no account?: South Africa's electoral system (non) debate

- Vincent, Louise

Authors: Vincent, Louise
Date: 2006
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141657 , vital:37994 , DOI: 10.1080/02589000500513796
Description: Accountability can be summarised simply as ‘answerability’ (James and Hadland 2002:1) and is a vital cornerstone of representative democracy. Without accountability, an electorate, once having put into power a particular representative, has no recourse to explanations, justifications or reviews of how that person has performed and whether or not they have fulfilled the promises which secured their election in the first place. In a representative democracy mechanisms of accountability are necessarily multiple and must include both formal and informal dimensions. The electoral system is but one of these. Other key lynchpins in the accountability engine include the role of opposition parties, the committee system, the media, civil society, the courts, and what in South Africa are referred to, on the basis of the 1996 Constitution, as the ‘Chapter Nine Institutions’: the Public Protector, Human Rights Commission, Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities, Commission for Gender Equality, Auditor-General, and the Electoral Commission.
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Date Issued: 2006

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Shaking a hornets' nest: pitfalls of abortion counselling in a secular constitutional order–a view from South Africa

- Vincent, Louise

Authors: Vincent, Louise
Date: 2011
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141521 , vital:37982 , DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2011.627469
Description: There exists an enormous gulf between the aspirations of South Africa's abortion legislation – among the most liberal in the world – and its implementation. One weakness in the provision of abortion services in South Africa is the absence of comprehensive abortion counselling services. On the face of it, the idea that counselling ought, as a matter of course, to be a significant component of a country's termination of pregnancy service provision, seems both straightforwardly sensible and politically innocent. This paper describes how abortion counselling has historically, in many different contexts, been saturated with questionable assumptions about women and their bodies. Counselling has more often than not been deployed, either as the formal policy of states or through informal mechanisms, as a means of curbing the right to abortion rather than deepening the meaning of that right. Differing approaches to counselling emerge as a reflection of contestations over reproductive and gender politics. Specifying an appropriate model for the provision of state-sponsored abortion counselling in the public health sector of a secular constitutional state provokes more of a hornet's nest of dilemmas than is sometimes supposed.
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Date Issued: 2011

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Interpreting press coverage of South Africa’s post-apartheid “obesity epidemic”:

- Vincent, Louise, Malan, Chantelle

Authors: Vincent, Louise , Malan, Chantelle
Date: 2016
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141866 , vital:38011 , DOI: 10.1080/21604851.2015.1015397
Description: This study examines news reporting on South Africa’s alleged “obesity” epidemic between 1997 and 2012. Results indicate that fatness is equated with disease, crisis, and dysfunction and the fat black body is singled out for particular attention as a social problem. News reporting on fat in South Africa uncritically takes up the views of sources with commercial interests who are presented as “experts” on fat. Their interpretations of the fat black body as a social problem are influenced by the imperative of new markets for products that are to be found principally in the ranks of the post-apartheid black middle class.
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Date Issued: 2016

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'Joining the academic life': South African students who succeed at university despite not meeting standard entry requirements

- Vincent, Louise, Idahosa, Grace E

Authors: Vincent, Louise , Idahosa, Grace E
Date: 2014
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141745 , vital:38001 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC159177
Description: At present the Swedish points system is one of the main determinants of an applicant either being granted or refused entry into many South African higher education institutions (HEIs). Using a grounded theory approach, this article interprets the experiences of participants whose school performance and therefore university 'entry points' were lower than the expected norm. Despite not meeting standard university entry requirements, these students succeeded at university, completing their degrees in the minimum time available and going on to higher degrees. The journey of these participants - from low entry points to academic success - suggests that points based on school performance are not necessarily the best way of identifying students' potential to succeed in the contemporary South African educational context. If their entry points were not a good indication of their ability to thrive at university, the article asks, what is it about these participants that accounts for their success? And what implications does this have for South African practice, not only with regard to admissions policies but also in relation to the responsibilities of HEIs to students once they are admitted?
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Date Issued: 2014

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‘Unnatural’,‘un-African’and ‘ungodly’: homophobic discourse in democratic South Africa

- Vincent, Louise, Howell, Simon

Authors: Vincent, Louise , Howell, Simon
Date: 2014
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141570 , vital:37986 , DOI: 10.1177/1363460714524766
Description: On 28 November 2006, South Africa’s legislature passed the Civil Union Act (No. 17, 2006), which legalised same-sex marriages or civil partnerships. While South Africa was fifth in the world to recognise the right of people of the same sex to marry, the country is by no means free of homophobic attitudes. However, we argue that an examination of the discourses embedded in the public discussion of gay marriage shows that the post-1994 period has not simply been a case of homophobia as usual. The altered context has given rise to the need for new ways of homophobic discourse to position itself. The rights enshrined in the Constitution represent a powerful set of ideas about the distinction between the democratic state and its apartheid predecessor. These ideas provide the dominant framework for political debate in the current context and it is therefore within this overarching framework that anti-gay sentiments must find a way to express themselves that has legitimacy. Our finding is that the reinscription of homophobia in an era of the ascendancy of human rights discourse has been chiefly in terms of three potent legitimising tropes – homosexuality as ‘unAfrican’, ‘unGodly’, and ‘unnatural’. It is only by deepening our understanding of the terms in which homophobia is being articulated in the current period that we can develop effective counter discourses.
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Date Issued: 2014

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Polygamy in the recognition of Customary Marriages Act:

- Vincent, Louise

Authors: Vincent, Louise
Date: 2011
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141809 , vital:38006 , DOI: 10.1080/10130950.2009.9676275
Description: The Recognition of Customary Marriages Act (RCMA) 1998, recognises customary marriages which are “negotiated, celebrated or concluded according to any of the systems of indigenous African customary law which exist in South Africa” including polygamous marriages. The Act arises in the context of South Africa's Constitution which bans discrimination on grounds of culture and sexual orientation and allows for heterogeneity in its definitions of marriage and the family. A pluralist approach to family jurisprudence, however, is sometimes conceived of as setting up an irresolvable tension between the constitutional commitment to gender equality and protection for patriarchal prerogatives sanctioned by customary law. The fact that rights sometimes collide with one another is one of the reasons why it is impossible always to treat rights as absolute. When rights clash the question that arises is which of the rights that find themselves in tension with one another should give way and why?
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Date Issued: 2011

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Bread and honour: white working class women and Afrikaner Nationalism in the 1930s

- Vincent, Louise

Authors: Vincent, Louise
Date: 2000
Language: English
Type: text , Article
Identifier: vital:6205 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008575
Description: Women have occupied a central place in the ideological formulations of nationalist movements. In particular, the figure of woman as mother recurs throughout the history of nationalist political mobilizations. In Afrikaner nationalism, this symbolic female identity takes the form of the volksmoeder (mother of the nation) icon, commonly assumed to describe a highly circumscribed set of women's social roles, created for women by men. The academic orthodoxy holds that middle-class Afrikaner women submitted to the volksmoeder ideology early on in the development of Afrikaner nationalism but that the working class Afrikaner women of the Garment Workers' Union (GWU) represented an enclave of resistance to dominant definitions of ethnic identity. They chose instead to ally themselves with militant, class-conscious trade unionism. This paper argues that Afrikaner women of different classes helped to shape the contours of the volksmoeder icon. Whilst middle class Afrikaner women questioned the idea that their social contribution should remain restricted to narrow familial and charitable concerns, prominent working class women laid claim to their own entitlement to the volksmoeder heritage. In doing so, the latter contributed to the popularization and reinterpretation of an ideology that was at this time seeking a wider audience. The paper argues that the incorporation of Afrikaner women into the socialist milieu of the GWU did not result in these women simply discarding the ethnic components of their identity. Rather their self-awareness as Afrikaner women with a recent rural past was grafted onto their new experience as urban factory workers. The way in which leading working class Afrikaner women articulated this potent combination of 'derived' and 'inherent' ideology cannot be excluded from the complex process whereby Afrikaner nationalism achieved success as a movement appealing to its imagined community across boundaries of class and gender.
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Date Issued: 2000

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The power behind the scenes: the Afrikaner Nationalist Women's Parties, 1915 to 1931.

- Vincent, Louise

Authors: Vincent, Louise
Date: 1999
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141795 , vital:38005 , DOI: 10.1080/02582479908671348
Description: The Enlightenment expectation was that political identity based on ethnic nationalist sentiments would gradually give way to more ‘rational’ forms of association. That expectation has, in the late twentieth century, proved somewhat premature. The explosion of ethnic nationalist conflicts onto the international stage in the post-Cold War era has brought with it a renewed intellectual interest in the politics of nationalism and ethnicity. In response to the need for new avenues of inquiry amidst a vast and growing literature, Anthony Smith’s work on national identity appeals for a research agenda which treats nations and nationalism as cultural phenomena as well as forms of politics.
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Date Issued: 1999

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'Tell us a new story': a proposal for the transformatory potential of collective memory projects

- Vincent, Louise

Authors: Vincent, Louise
Date: 2015
Language: English
Type: text , book
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/${Handle} , vital:38046 , ISBN 9781869142902 , https://books.google.co.za/books?id=49o8rgEACAAJanddq=Being+at+home:+Race,+institutional+culture+and+transformation+at+South+African+higher+education+institutionandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwiPgsa6mpjjAhXNN8AKHbNwAtoQ6AEIKDAA
Description: This edited work has gathered together contributions on how to transform universities in South Africa; as many are struggling to shift their institutional culture. In a South African context, transformation means to attempt to change higher education institutions such that they no longer reflect the values promoted by apartheid but rather reflect the values embodied in South Africa's 1996 Constitution. Institutional culture is the main subject for discussion in this book. In order to transform South Africa's universities, the contributors begin by analyzing the idea of what a university is, and relatedly, what its ideal aims are. A second theme is to understand what institutional culture is and how it functions. Moreover, transformation cannot occur without transforming the broader cultures of which they are a part. Related to this theme is a general concern about how contemporary moves towards the instrumentalization of higher education affect the ability to transform institutions. These institutions are being pushed to conform to goals that are outside the traditional idea of a university, such as concerns that universities are being 'bureaucratized' and becoming corporations, instead of a place of learning open to all. In conclusion it can be said that the contemporary South African academic community has an opportunity to recreate itself as the end of apartheid created space for engaging in transformative epistemic projects. The transformation of the tertiary sector entails a transformation of institutional cultures.
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Date Issued: 2015

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“The scales were peeled from my eyes”: South African academics coming to consciousness to become agents of change

- Vincent, Louise, Idahosa, Grace Ese-osa

Authors: Vincent, Louise , Idahosa, Grace Ese-osa
Date: 2018
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141759 , vital:38002 , DOI: 10.18848/2327-0055/cgp/v15i04/13-28
Description: For postcolonial societies, addressing the impact of the previous oppressive system in a bid to attain equity and social justice necessitates transformation in various spheres and sectors of society. As cradles of learning, research, and knowledge development, higher education institutions are one such sphere with a particular duty to contribute to, and embody, social transformation. However, almost 25 years after the country’s first democratic elections, the institutional cultures and structures of many South African universities still bear the imprimatur of past inequities. Existing research suggests that the success of transformation policies is influenced by the extent to which individual staff members exercise agency to effect transformative practices. But what determines whether an individual becomes an agent of change? This paper draws on the experiences of ten academic staff members who have taken actions that can be said to have contributed to shifting in important ways relations and/or practices at one university in South Africa. It adopts a hermeneutic phenomenological lens to understand the lived experiences of participants of having agency and undertaking transformative actions.
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Date Issued: 2018

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Seducing the people: populism and the challenge to democracy in South Africa

- Vincent, Louise

Authors: Vincent, Louise
Date: 2011
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141668 , vital:37995 , DOI: 10.1080/02589001.2011.533056
Description: Recent ructions in South Africa's ruling African National Congress have been described from time to time in the media as signalling a dangerous shift towards ‘populism’. The article examines this contention. It argues that South Africa is witnessing a significant challenge to the founding precepts of constitutional democracy. This challenge emanates from the (populist) equation of democracy with ‘the will of the people’. The article unpacks some of the implications of reducing democracy to majoritarianism. It provides also an analysis of why populist appeals of various kinds have been so appealing to South African voters 15 years into democracy. The article argues that the challenges that are currently being experienced in relation to democratisation in South Africa have to do with the inherent tension between the animating ideology of democracy, which suggests that power resides with the people, and the practical functioning of democracy, which relies on the devolution of power to the representatives chosen by a section of the people who rely on order and predictability in the polity in order to govern in a workable way. Populist appeals, it is argued, exploit this tension. But what makes it possible for this strategy to succeed is the failure on the part of political elites to engage in the process of building democracy by way of inculcating respect for democratic values.
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Date Issued: 2011

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Polymorphism and fighting in male fig wasps

- Vincent, Stephanie Louise

Authors: Vincent, Stephanie Louise
Date: 1992
Subjects: Fig wasp Chalcid wasps -- Morphology Wasps
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
Identifier: vital:5740 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005426
Description: Male fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) exhibit a fascinating range of morphology and behaviour. A cluster analysis, based on descriptions of the males of several hundred species, distinguished six major morphological groups. Behaviourial observations suggest that male morphology is related to the levels of inter-male aggression. Three behaviourial groupings were identified. Fighting species generally mated in the fig cavity, pacifist species mated in the females' galls or outside the figs. Mating sites are thus the primary determinants of male morphology and behaviour. In fighting species males were larger than their females, whereas pacifists and aggressors were equal in size or smaller than conspecific females. The large males in fighting fig wasps appear to be a consequence of sexual selection because larger males tended to win fights. Within a species there were no differences in the size of the galls that produced males and females, even in species where sexual size differences were present, suggesting that there is a heritable component to wasp size. No alternative advantages for smaller males were detected. Although fights were sometimes fatal, damage was not always a consequence of fighting behaviour and was recorded in both fighting and pacifist species. Sex ratios in several species were more female biased at higher population densities. Sex ratios of species with 'internally' ovipositing species were heavily female biased, but approached 1:1 in more outbred species with 'externally' ovipositing females. Levels of matedness, among females ranged from 73% to 99%. No evidence for sperm exhaustion was obtained. Species of Philotrypesis with both winged and flightless males were present only in southern African Ficus species from subsections Platyphyllae and Chlamydodorae. No species had only winged males. The flightless males of some Philotrypesis species were themselves polymorphic. In one polymorphic Philotrypesis species, winged males were found to be rare at high densities, but common at low densities. Digitata and religiosa males of Otitesella differed in coloration, size and behaviour. Digitata males were aggressors while religiosa males were fighters. Digitata males escaped from the figs whereas religiosa males remained inside the figs, perhaps because only digitata males were attracted to Light. Proportionally more digitata than religiosa males were present in low density populations and females were found to respond differently to the two morphs.
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Date Issued: 1992

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Competition for attachment of aquaculture candidate probiotic and pathogenic bacteria on fish intestinal mucus:

- Vine, Niall G, Leukes, W D, Kaiser, Horst, Daya, Santylal, Baxter, Jeremy, Hecht, Thomas

Authors: Vine, Niall G , Leukes, W D , Kaiser, Horst , Daya, Santylal , Baxter, Jeremy , Hecht, Thomas
Date: 2004
Language: English
Type: text , article
Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142819 , vital:38120 , DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00542.x
Description: Probiotics for aquaculture are generally only selected by their ability to produce antimicrobial metabolites; however, attachment to intestinal mucus is important in order to remain within the gut of its host. Five candidate probiotics (AP1–AP5), isolated from the clownfish, Amphiprion percula (Lacepéde), were examined for their ability to attach to fish intestinal mucus and compete with two pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio alginolyticus. Two different radioactive isotopes were used to quantify competition between pathogens and probionts. Attachment of the pathogens was enhanced by the presence of the candidate probiotics. However, the addition of the candidate probiotics after the pathogens resulted in reduced pathogen attachment.
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Date Issued: 2004

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Towards the development of a protocol for the selection of probiotics in marine fish larviculture

- Vine, Niall Gordon

Authors: Vine, Niall Gordon
Date: 2005
Subjects: Marine fishes -- Larvae Bacteria Fishes -- Microbiology Fish culture
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
Identifier: vital:5329 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005175
Description: Manipulation or control of the microbiological aquaculture environment has been identified as an important focus area for future hatchery development. Subsequently, alternatives to obtain control of the microbiological environment are being sought of which the field of probiotics appears highly promising. Probiotics are usually selected based on various in vitro characteristics, however, the methods used differ and are sometimes unsuccessful due to poor experimentation. The aim of this work is to contribute towards the development of a protocol for the in vitro screening of bacterial candidate probiotics for marine fish larviculture. To reduce the number of candidate probiotics to be tested in vivo, various in vitro experiments need to be conducted, each screening for a particular mode of action – antagonism towards pathogen through production of antimicrobial compounds, growth and attachment to fish intestinal mucus, and the production of other beneficial compounds such as vitamins, fatty-acids and digestive enzymes. A total of 108 bacteria species were isolated from the digestive tract of the adult common clownfish, Amphiprion percula to screen for potential probiotics to be used in clownfish larval rearing. The antagonistic compounds assay identified twelve isolates which showed antagonism towards two or more aquatic pathogens. This was followed by an in vitro test that involved growing the organisms in fish intestinal mucus and modeling their growth parameters. A ranking index (RI) was developed using the lag period (λ) and doubling time (td) of the organism, where (1over λ x td) x 100. Five candidate probionts (AP1-AP5) with varied growth parameters were used for further in vitro experiments. The attachment to mucus assay introduced a novel tool for quantifying competition for attachment sites between candidate probionts and pathogens on mucus. Candidate probiont Pseudoalteromonas AP5 reduced the attachment ability of Vibrio alginolyticus when added before the pathogen and partially out-competed the pathogen for attachment sites when added second. In vitro screening for the production of beneficial compounds tested the candidate probiotics’ ability to produce digestive enzymes - trypsin, lipase and alkaline phosphatase as well as carotenoids and vitamin C. Candidate probiont Pseudoalteromonas AP5 produced high levels of the enzymes (98.2, 34.1 and 91.3 mU product liberated.ml⁻¹, respectively) and contained carotenoids while Kocuria AP4 contained carotenoids but produced low quantities of enzymes (7.8, 0 and 59 mU product liberated.ml⁻¹, respectively). None of the candidate probiotics produced vitamin C. To eliminate potential pathogenic or toxic candidate probionts, Artemia nauplii were exposed to each candidate probiont and the percentage Artemia mortality after 24-hours was determined. Candidate probiont AP2 caused high mortality of Artemia nauplii (98.4%) and was excluded from further studies. Identification of candidate probionts AP3-AP5 was performed using 16S-rDNA molecular techniques and the bacteria were assigned the names Bacillus AP3, Kocuria AP4 and Pseudoalteromonas AP5, respectively. Two methods of larval probiont delivery were tested – attachment to Artemia, and in-water delivery. Attachment to Artemia was high for both Kocuria AP4 and Pseudoalteromonas AP5 (7.2 x10³ and 2.7x10⁴ bacteria.nauplius⁻¹, respectively) while the in-water viability experiment showed that Kocuria AP4 comprised 23.9% of the total culturable water microflora after 24 hours while Pseudoalteromonas AP5 contributed 100%. To validate the findings from the in vitro experiments, in vivo trials using clownfish larvae were performed. Of the four candidate probiotics tested, only Kocuria AP4 showed potential to increase larval survival. In vitro tests produced a better understanding of the possible mode of action and strategies of competition between bacteria, however, the number of criteria in which a candidate probiont is successful in vitro may not be the best predictor for its effectiveness in vivo. Commercial studies that reduce between-treatment variation are required to test predictions about the most suitable probiont or combinations thereof.
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Date Issued: 2005

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Aspects of the biology of the doublesash butterflyfish, Chaetodon marleyi (Pisces: Chaetodontidae)

- Vine, Niall Gordon

Authors: Vine, Niall Gordon
Date: 1998
Language: English
Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
Identifier: vital:21103 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6396
Description: The doublesash butterflyfish, Chaetodon marleyi, indigenous to South Africa, is popular amongst marine aquarists. To provide a basis for the management of the species and assess its suitability for aquaculture, aspects of its biology were investigated. Specimens were collected between February 1996 and November 1997 from localities along the eastern Cape coastline of South Africa and from specimens in the RUSI fish collection. The dentition of C.marleyi is typical of non-coraline, benthic invertebrate feeding chaetodontids. The teeth are long, inwardly hooked and spatulate which allow easy grasping and manipulation of the prey. Stomach content analysis showed that the species fed predominantly on the tentacles of terebellid polychaetes with other polychaetes, crustaceans, hydro ids and ascideans contributing to the remainder of the diet. Juveniles had a larger volume of terebellid tentacles compared to adults which preyed more upon other polychaetes. The proximate composition (64.25% protein, 4.76% fat, 4.84% carbohydrate and 24.3 kJ/g total energy content) of the terebellid tentacles was determined suggesting a high energetic requirement of the fish or maximisation of feeding profit rates.
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Date Issued: 1998

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