More media for Southern Africa?: the place of politics, economics and convergence in developing media density
- Authors: Berger, Guy
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147825 , vital:38676 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1080/02560240485310041
- Description: In line with global trends, media in Southern Africa in the past decade has been moving slowly towards mergers, partnerships and multi-platform publishing. Driven by politics and facilitated by technology, the process has had to confront the difficulty of establishing viable economic models, the lack of regional integration within Southern African countries, and what is sometimes a difficult political environment. Markets remain largely national or local and economically weak. Print media faces huge hurdles. Broadcast media density is improving, partly through noncommercial mechanisms. News websites are understaffed, lacking in viable survival strategies and skills, and are incompletely integrated with parent media platforms. Economic pressures, however, are likely to force Southern African media operations into greater synergies in search of survival. The various convergences entailed may increase media density.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Berger, Guy
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/147825 , vital:38676 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1080/02560240485310041
- Description: In line with global trends, media in Southern Africa in the past decade has been moving slowly towards mergers, partnerships and multi-platform publishing. Driven by politics and facilitated by technology, the process has had to confront the difficulty of establishing viable economic models, the lack of regional integration within Southern African countries, and what is sometimes a difficult political environment. Markets remain largely national or local and economically weak. Print media faces huge hurdles. Broadcast media density is improving, partly through noncommercial mechanisms. News websites are understaffed, lacking in viable survival strategies and skills, and are incompletely integrated with parent media platforms. Economic pressures, however, are likely to force Southern African media operations into greater synergies in search of survival. The various convergences entailed may increase media density.
- Full Text:
The new media maelstrom:
- Authors: Berger, Guy
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159192 , vital:40276 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146201
- Description: South Africa's democracy decade coincided with the popularisation of the Internet on a global scale. New society, new media, it seemed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Berger, Guy
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/159192 , vital:40276 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146201
- Description: South Africa's democracy decade coincided with the popularisation of the Internet on a global scale. New society, new media, it seemed.
- Full Text:
A histological description of ovarian recrudescence in two Labeo victorianus populations
- Booth, Anthony J, Hecht, Thomas
- Authors: Booth, Anthony J , Hecht, Thomas
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123564 , vital:35455 , https://doi.org/10.2989/16085910409503813
- Description: The ovaries of Labeo victorianus are paired organs situated in the peritoneal cavity and suspended on either side of the midline by a mesovarium. A capsule, composed of dense, regularly-arranged collagen and elastic fibres mixed with a few smooth muscle cells, enclosed the ovaries and gave off connective tissue septa, forming the ovigerous lamellae, which contained germ and follicle cells. Eight discrete stages of recrudescence were identified: oogonia, chromatin nucleolar oocytes, perinucleolar oocytes, primary yolk vesicle oocytes, secondary yolk vesicle oocytes, tertiary yolk vesicle oocytes, post-ovulatory follicles and atretic oocytes. Ovulation seemed to be synchronised with the onset of rainfall, with some deviations in the Sio River population. Gonadosomatic index variation followed a bimodal pattern, with maxima between January–February and between September–October for both populations. The same pattern was exhibited for both rainfall and water levels at the two study sites. Successful ovulation was followed by the formation of post-ovulatory follicles and Type I atresia, while failed spawning was characterised by Type II atresia. Clearance of post-ovulatory follicles was by phagocytosis and formation of melanomacrophage centres. There were variations in post-ovulatory changes between the two populations. Reproductive patterns in the Kagera River population conformed to the ‘norm’ in African labeines of the synchronisation of spawning with rainfall. Slight deviations from this pattern were, however, observed in the Sio River population where spawning occurred prior to the onset of rainfall.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Booth, Anthony J , Hecht, Thomas
- Date: 2010
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123564 , vital:35455 , https://doi.org/10.2989/16085910409503813
- Description: The ovaries of Labeo victorianus are paired organs situated in the peritoneal cavity and suspended on either side of the midline by a mesovarium. A capsule, composed of dense, regularly-arranged collagen and elastic fibres mixed with a few smooth muscle cells, enclosed the ovaries and gave off connective tissue septa, forming the ovigerous lamellae, which contained germ and follicle cells. Eight discrete stages of recrudescence were identified: oogonia, chromatin nucleolar oocytes, perinucleolar oocytes, primary yolk vesicle oocytes, secondary yolk vesicle oocytes, tertiary yolk vesicle oocytes, post-ovulatory follicles and atretic oocytes. Ovulation seemed to be synchronised with the onset of rainfall, with some deviations in the Sio River population. Gonadosomatic index variation followed a bimodal pattern, with maxima between January–February and between September–October for both populations. The same pattern was exhibited for both rainfall and water levels at the two study sites. Successful ovulation was followed by the formation of post-ovulatory follicles and Type I atresia, while failed spawning was characterised by Type II atresia. Clearance of post-ovulatory follicles was by phagocytosis and formation of melanomacrophage centres. There were variations in post-ovulatory changes between the two populations. Reproductive patterns in the Kagera River population conformed to the ‘norm’ in African labeines of the synchronisation of spawning with rainfall. Slight deviations from this pattern were, however, observed in the Sio River population where spawning occurred prior to the onset of rainfall.
- Full Text:
Socio-economic differentiation in the trade of wildlife species for traditional medicines in the Lowveld, South Africa: Implications for resource management initiatives
- Botha, Jenny, Witkowski, Ed T F, Shackleton, Charlie M, Fairbanks, Dean H K
- Authors: Botha, Jenny , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M , Fairbanks, Dean H K
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/183071 , vital:43909 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504500409469832"
- Description: Surveys of trade in wildlife products utilised in traditional medicine were conducted between 1997 and 1999 on the western boundary of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Although the extent of trade and numbers of people operating in this sector were lower than other regions of South Africa, this study again highlighted the value of indigenous wildlife products to subsistence economies. Apart from cultural diversity, socioeconomic differentiation occurred at a number of levels. (i) There were socio-economic differences between the traders and vendors. (ii) Gender differences were apparent, with women earning significantly less than men and having to undergo more social challenges in their operation in the market place. (iii) Operational differences were noted between the vendors and traders, as well as between the street and pension day vendors. (iv) Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) highlighted the socio-economic differentiation at the household level, emphasizing in particular one of the most vulnerable groups, the elderly. The potential influence of this socio-economic differentiation needs to be considered during the development of Community-Based Conservation programmes, if the dual aims of conserving biodiversity and improving the lives and livelihoods of those who traditionally rely on medicinal plants are to be met.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Botha, Jenny , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M , Fairbanks, Dean H K
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/183071 , vital:43909 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504500409469832"
- Description: Surveys of trade in wildlife products utilised in traditional medicine were conducted between 1997 and 1999 on the western boundary of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Although the extent of trade and numbers of people operating in this sector were lower than other regions of South Africa, this study again highlighted the value of indigenous wildlife products to subsistence economies. Apart from cultural diversity, socioeconomic differentiation occurred at a number of levels. (i) There were socio-economic differences between the traders and vendors. (ii) Gender differences were apparent, with women earning significantly less than men and having to undergo more social challenges in their operation in the market place. (iii) Operational differences were noted between the vendors and traders, as well as between the street and pension day vendors. (iv) Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) highlighted the socio-economic differentiation at the household level, emphasizing in particular one of the most vulnerable groups, the elderly. The potential influence of this socio-economic differentiation needs to be considered during the development of Community-Based Conservation programmes, if the dual aims of conserving biodiversity and improving the lives and livelihoods of those who traditionally rely on medicinal plants are to be met.
- Full Text:
Harvesting impacts on commonly used medicinal tree species (Catha edulis and Rapanea melanophloeos) under different land management regimes in the Mpumalanga Lowveld, South Africa
- Botha, Jenny, Witkowski, Ed T F, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Botha, Jenny , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181379 , vital:43728 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v47i2.77"
- Description: Harvesting of products from plants in the wild is widespread throughout southern Africa. Particularly important products are plant parts used in traditional medicine. However, the impacts of harvesting practices are rarely quantified, with as yet insufficient generic rules across species and life forms. This limits the predictive ability to monitor and manage the affected populations. This paper examines the harvesting impact on two popular woody medicinal species used throughout sub-Saharan Africa, namely Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl. (bushman’s tea) and Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez. (Cape beech). In both species, basal diameters, heights, and the number of size classes in the harvested populations were lower than in unharvested. Densities of harvested populations were higher in both species, including densities of young plants, but the frequency of individuals in larger size classes was lower. The populations of both species being harvested for medicinal products appeared to be withstanding the current levels of harvesting, but the population structure of C. edulis populations being harvested for poles on the roadside and near human settlements had been substantially altered. Despite the resilience of the two species to harvesting for medicinal products, loss of habitat or changes in land use pose a threat to a number of the assessed populations.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Botha, Jenny , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181379 , vital:43728 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v47i2.77"
- Description: Harvesting of products from plants in the wild is widespread throughout southern Africa. Particularly important products are plant parts used in traditional medicine. However, the impacts of harvesting practices are rarely quantified, with as yet insufficient generic rules across species and life forms. This limits the predictive ability to monitor and manage the affected populations. This paper examines the harvesting impact on two popular woody medicinal species used throughout sub-Saharan Africa, namely Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl. (bushman’s tea) and Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez. (Cape beech). In both species, basal diameters, heights, and the number of size classes in the harvested populations were lower than in unharvested. Densities of harvested populations were higher in both species, including densities of young plants, but the frequency of individuals in larger size classes was lower. The populations of both species being harvested for medicinal products appeared to be withstanding the current levels of harvesting, but the population structure of C. edulis populations being harvested for poles on the roadside and near human settlements had been substantially altered. Despite the resilience of the two species to harvesting for medicinal products, loss of habitat or changes in land use pose a threat to a number of the assessed populations.
- Full Text:
The impact of commercial harvesting on Warburgia salutaris (‘pepper-bark tree’) in Mpumalanga, South Africa
- Botha, Jenny, Witkowski, Ed T F, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Botha, Jenny , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181391 , vital:43729 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOC.0000029333.72945.b0"
- Description: Commercialisation often increases the difficulty in managing harvested plant populations sustainably. The bark of the popular medicinal species, Warburgia salutaris (Bertol.f.) Chiov. (Canellaceae) (‘pepper-bark tree’), is widely traded throughout southern Africa. The impact of commercial harvesting on this Red Data species was assessed by comparing commercially harvested populations with populations growing on private land or in protected areas (termed ‘protected populations’) in Mpumalanga and Limpopo Province, South Africa. The basal diameters and heights of stems in commercially harvested populations were significantly lower than those of the protected populations. The density of young/small plants was low in all populations. W. salutaris is usually resilient to high levels of bark harvesting. In this study, 75% of heavily harvested stems (>10% of the stem below 2 m) coppiced (resprouted). However, individuals that had been affected by regular fires, or repeatedly harvested, appeared prone to a fungal disease and had high percentage mortality. The populations occurring on private land appeared the most vigorous. Habitat in one protected area had been reduced through the construction of a dam. In another, small W. salutaris populations exhibited a shrubby growth form, probably due to frequent fires. Our current knowledge for this species supports a global IUCN status of EN A4acd. Plant conservation needs to become a higher priority both within and outside protected areas. Commercially harvested populations should be better managed through improved harvesting techniques and monitoring. Cultivation levels urgently need to be increased. Further research should be conducted on factors limiting regeneration, including the most appropriate fire regime.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Botha, Jenny , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181391 , vital:43729 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOC.0000029333.72945.b0"
- Description: Commercialisation often increases the difficulty in managing harvested plant populations sustainably. The bark of the popular medicinal species, Warburgia salutaris (Bertol.f.) Chiov. (Canellaceae) (‘pepper-bark tree’), is widely traded throughout southern Africa. The impact of commercial harvesting on this Red Data species was assessed by comparing commercially harvested populations with populations growing on private land or in protected areas (termed ‘protected populations’) in Mpumalanga and Limpopo Province, South Africa. The basal diameters and heights of stems in commercially harvested populations were significantly lower than those of the protected populations. The density of young/small plants was low in all populations. W. salutaris is usually resilient to high levels of bark harvesting. In this study, 75% of heavily harvested stems (>10% of the stem below 2 m) coppiced (resprouted). However, individuals that had been affected by regular fires, or repeatedly harvested, appeared prone to a fungal disease and had high percentage mortality. The populations occurring on private land appeared the most vigorous. Habitat in one protected area had been reduced through the construction of a dam. In another, small W. salutaris populations exhibited a shrubby growth form, probably due to frequent fires. Our current knowledge for this species supports a global IUCN status of EN A4acd. Plant conservation needs to become a higher priority both within and outside protected areas. Commercially harvested populations should be better managed through improved harvesting techniques and monitoring. Cultivation levels urgently need to be increased. Further research should be conducted on factors limiting regeneration, including the most appropriate fire regime.
- Full Text:
Models of Internet Connectivity in Previously Disadvantaged Secondary Schools in the Eastern Cape
- Brandt, Ingrid, Terzoli, Alfredo, Hodgkinson-Williams, Cheryl
- Authors: Brandt, Ingrid , Terzoli, Alfredo , Hodgkinson-Williams, Cheryl
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427602 , vital:72450 , https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/43383861/Models_of_Internet_Connectivity_in_Previ20160305-2534-1salhbh-libre.pdf?1457175561=andresponse-content-disposi-tion=inline%3B+filename%3DModels_of_Internet_Connectivity_in_Previ.pdfandExpires=1714994733andSignature=AS-VDG85ZQPZzWwvz3ITck4K9JIs4zA2bCzFW9LLCYPj9aI~gA4qSOmURIkQz4VE2ZiOrjWHDyeebZyoYs50SPW8~IF31aXPoz8MFAY~qz0DgIAVCNF5k7vXqnCxmnuE5zMEjnxxkNigthvwSD4yDrpJ0Hy5VdN20~3p1j0E9N7zaiTPexGvrH85p3k~bb4Mht00QdltgVGO3tcqiAA9-eskZ--mS7X1acD3ehhXVG7hGVxLqq6TsjdEWOKh6Z4Gkt0Utdcx84zWAkC56yN8GoHwTbxt1DkjMOuatLhWppfMLNQPy6hNYga9GNq-0dalbisbJ1G-Nrbez0O0w2w8EA__andKey-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA
- Description: Computers are increasingly considered a valuable tool in Education, not only for the purpose of administration but also for teaching and learning. This project aims to model Internet connectivity to previously disadvan-taged schools in the Eastern Cape by investigating known networking technologies in the context of such schools. We look at wired and wireless technologies, while bearing in mind issues such as cost, organisation ca-pacity and such like.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Brandt, Ingrid , Terzoli, Alfredo , Hodgkinson-Williams, Cheryl
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427602 , vital:72450 , https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/43383861/Models_of_Internet_Connectivity_in_Previ20160305-2534-1salhbh-libre.pdf?1457175561=andresponse-content-disposi-tion=inline%3B+filename%3DModels_of_Internet_Connectivity_in_Previ.pdfandExpires=1714994733andSignature=AS-VDG85ZQPZzWwvz3ITck4K9JIs4zA2bCzFW9LLCYPj9aI~gA4qSOmURIkQz4VE2ZiOrjWHDyeebZyoYs50SPW8~IF31aXPoz8MFAY~qz0DgIAVCNF5k7vXqnCxmnuE5zMEjnxxkNigthvwSD4yDrpJ0Hy5VdN20~3p1j0E9N7zaiTPexGvrH85p3k~bb4Mht00QdltgVGO3tcqiAA9-eskZ--mS7X1acD3ehhXVG7hGVxLqq6TsjdEWOKh6Z4Gkt0Utdcx84zWAkC56yN8GoHwTbxt1DkjMOuatLhWppfMLNQPy6hNYga9GNq-0dalbisbJ1G-Nrbez0O0w2w8EA__andKey-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA
- Description: Computers are increasingly considered a valuable tool in Education, not only for the purpose of administration but also for teaching and learning. This project aims to model Internet connectivity to previously disadvan-taged schools in the Eastern Cape by investigating known networking technologies in the context of such schools. We look at wired and wireless technologies, while bearing in mind issues such as cost, organisation ca-pacity and such like.
- Full Text:
A new broom: feature
- Cocks, Michelle L, Dold, Anthony P, Sizane, Nomtunzi
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P , Sizane, Nomtunzi
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141404 , vital:37969 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC112779
- Description: Traditional grass brooms keep certain cultural practices alive in urban areas and provide rural people with a means to earn an income.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P , Sizane, Nomtunzi
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141404 , vital:37969 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC112779
- Description: Traditional grass brooms keep certain cultural practices alive in urban areas and provide rural people with a means to earn an income.
- Full Text:
Discourse domination?: the role of gender in seminar interaction
- De Klerk, Vivian A, Hunt, Sally
- Authors: De Klerk, Vivian A , Hunt, Sally
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/139160 , vital:37710 , https://www.ajol.info/index.php/salas/article/view/6501
- Description: This paper focuses on the effect of the gender of participants on the discourse patterns of university seminars, and compares the interaction patterns in two undergraduate seminars with those in two post-graduate seminars at Rhodes University. In the undergraduate seminars, two different groups of students at first year level in different disciplines were videotaped. The major difference was in terms of composition: in one seminar, there were equal numbers of male and female students, while in the other, female students dominated numerically (75%). In addition, five of the six formed a close-knit group of friends, which proved to be an important factor in the analysis. At the postgraduate level, the student participants were identical and met in the same venue and at the same time on two successive days to discuss the same topic (affirmative action in the workplace). The important difference between the two classes was the fact that the first seminar was led by a female tutor and the second seminar by a male tutor, both under 40 years of age and white, both members of staff in the department, and both known to the students. The discourse patterns in these two sets of seminars were analysed in order to investigate the ways in which the gender of tutors and students influenced the floor-winning and floor-holding conventions of participants.
- Full Text:
- Authors: De Klerk, Vivian A , Hunt, Sally
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/139160 , vital:37710 , https://www.ajol.info/index.php/salas/article/view/6501
- Description: This paper focuses on the effect of the gender of participants on the discourse patterns of university seminars, and compares the interaction patterns in two undergraduate seminars with those in two post-graduate seminars at Rhodes University. In the undergraduate seminars, two different groups of students at first year level in different disciplines were videotaped. The major difference was in terms of composition: in one seminar, there were equal numbers of male and female students, while in the other, female students dominated numerically (75%). In addition, five of the six formed a close-knit group of friends, which proved to be an important factor in the analysis. At the postgraduate level, the student participants were identical and met in the same venue and at the same time on two successive days to discuss the same topic (affirmative action in the workplace). The important difference between the two classes was the fact that the first seminar was led by a female tutor and the second seminar by a male tutor, both under 40 years of age and white, both members of staff in the department, and both known to the students. The discourse patterns in these two sets of seminars were analysed in order to investigate the ways in which the gender of tutors and students influenced the floor-winning and floor-holding conventions of participants.
- Full Text:
The fuelwood crisis in southern Africa: Relating fuelwood use to livelihoods in a rural village
- Dovie, Delali B K, Witkowski, Ed T F, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: Dovie, Delali B K , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181402 , vital:43730 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GEJO.0000033597.34013.9f"
- Description: The aim of the paper is to examine wood as a source of fuel energy in rural South Africa and factors influencing its usage. The analysis is based on household profiles and characteristics (e.g., gender, caste, population and income) in a livelihood framework. Fuelwood consumption was estimated to be 692 kg/capita, and 4343 kg/user household per annum, valued at $311 per household. Consumption was modelled in relation to informal and formal cash incomes, and population of children, female and male adults. However, only the population of female adults could significantly influence consumption of fuelwood. This implied that where there were more women in a household, consumption was likely to be high. This might be due to the majority of women doing the cooking and heating in the household. Any change in the value of cash income of households had no significant impacts on fuelwood consumed. Cash incomes might therefore not be strong determinants of the types of energy used by rural households. The average quantity of wood consumed for fuel energy in summer was not significantly different from consumption in winter. Some households perpetually used more wood than others. The study further showed that harvesting of wood for fuel energy is not opportunistic, but requires reallocation of time for other livelihood activities in times of shortage. The fuelwood crisis is not simple and not only about shortage of fuelwood and/or population growth but linked to household profiles and other livelihood strategies and subsequently vulnerability of households. These would require thorough investigation and understanding in relation to precise demand and supply data for fuelwood before the fuelwood problem can be sufficiently managed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dovie, Delali B K , Witkowski, Ed T F , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181402 , vital:43730 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GEJO.0000033597.34013.9f"
- Description: The aim of the paper is to examine wood as a source of fuel energy in rural South Africa and factors influencing its usage. The analysis is based on household profiles and characteristics (e.g., gender, caste, population and income) in a livelihood framework. Fuelwood consumption was estimated to be 692 kg/capita, and 4343 kg/user household per annum, valued at $311 per household. Consumption was modelled in relation to informal and formal cash incomes, and population of children, female and male adults. However, only the population of female adults could significantly influence consumption of fuelwood. This implied that where there were more women in a household, consumption was likely to be high. This might be due to the majority of women doing the cooking and heating in the household. Any change in the value of cash income of households had no significant impacts on fuelwood consumed. Cash incomes might therefore not be strong determinants of the types of energy used by rural households. The average quantity of wood consumed for fuel energy in summer was not significantly different from consumption in winter. Some households perpetually used more wood than others. The study further showed that harvesting of wood for fuel energy is not opportunistic, but requires reallocation of time for other livelihood activities in times of shortage. The fuelwood crisis is not simple and not only about shortage of fuelwood and/or population growth but linked to household profiles and other livelihood strategies and subsequently vulnerability of households. These would require thorough investigation and understanding in relation to precise demand and supply data for fuelwood before the fuelwood problem can be sufficiently managed.
- Full Text:
Using visuals to communicate medicine information to patients with low literacy:
- Authors: Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156958 , vital:40073 , https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/104515950401500106
- Description: The patient was adamant that she had taken her medicine as instructed, pointing to the visual (Visual 1) illustrating the instructions to endorse this. Via an interpreter, she communicated that she took her tablet three times during the day and once at night (which was correct), but only on those days when the sun was shining (not on cloudy days) and the moon was visible (depending on both cloud cover and phases of the moon).
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156958 , vital:40073 , https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/104515950401500106
- Description: The patient was adamant that she had taken her medicine as instructed, pointing to the visual (Visual 1) illustrating the instructions to endorse this. Via an interpreter, she communicated that she took her tablet three times during the day and once at night (which was correct), but only on those days when the sun was shining (not on cloudy days) and the moon was visible (depending on both cloud cover and phases of the moon).
- Full Text:
Petrology and geochemistry of early cretaceous bimodal continental flood volcanism of the NW Etendeka, Namibia Part 2: characteristics and petrogenesis of the high-Ti latite and high-Ti and low-Ti voluminous quartz latite eruptives
- Ewart, A, Marsh, Julian S, Milner, Simon C, Duncan, Andrew R, Kamber, B S, Armstrong, R A
- Authors: Ewart, A , Marsh, Julian S , Milner, Simon C , Duncan, Andrew R , Kamber, B S , Armstrong, R A
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150593 , vital:38987 , https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egg082
- Description: As a result of their relative concentration towards the respective Atlantic margins, the silicic eruptives of the Paraná (Brazil)–Etendeka large igneous province are disproportionately abundant in the Etendeka of Namibia. The NW Etendeka silicic units, dated at ∼132 Ma, occupy the upper stratigraphic levels of the volcanic sequences, restricted to the coastal zone, and comprise three latites and five quartz latites (QL).
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Ewart, A , Marsh, Julian S , Milner, Simon C , Duncan, Andrew R , Kamber, B S , Armstrong, R A
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150593 , vital:38987 , https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egg082
- Description: As a result of their relative concentration towards the respective Atlantic margins, the silicic eruptives of the Paraná (Brazil)–Etendeka large igneous province are disproportionately abundant in the Etendeka of Namibia. The NW Etendeka silicic units, dated at ∼132 Ma, occupy the upper stratigraphic levels of the volcanic sequences, restricted to the coastal zone, and comprise three latites and five quartz latites (QL).
- Full Text: false
Petrology and geochemistry of Early Cretaceous bimodal continental flood volcanism of the NW Etendeka, Namibia Part 1: introduction, mafic lavas and re-evaluation of mantle source components
- Ewart, A, Marsh, Julian S, Milner, Simon C, Duncan, Andrew R, Kamber, B S, Armstrong, R A
- Authors: Ewart, A , Marsh, Julian S , Milner, Simon C , Duncan, Andrew R , Kamber, B S , Armstrong, R A
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150583 , vital:38986 , https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egg083
- Description: The bimodal NW Etendeka province is located at the continental end of the Tristan plume trace in coastal Namibia. It comprises a high-Ti (Khumib type) and three low-Ti basalt (Tafelberg, Kuidas and Esmeralda types) suites, with, at stratigraphically higher level, interstratified high-Ti latites (three units) and quartz latites (five units), and one low-Ti quartz latite. Khumib basalts are enriched in high field strength elements and light rare earth elements relative to low-Ti types and exhibit trace element affinities with Tristan da Cunha lavas.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Ewart, A , Marsh, Julian S , Milner, Simon C , Duncan, Andrew R , Kamber, B S , Armstrong, R A
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150583 , vital:38986 , https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egg083
- Description: The bimodal NW Etendeka province is located at the continental end of the Tristan plume trace in coastal Namibia. It comprises a high-Ti (Khumib type) and three low-Ti basalt (Tafelberg, Kuidas and Esmeralda types) suites, with, at stratigraphically higher level, interstratified high-Ti latites (three units) and quartz latites (five units), and one low-Ti quartz latite. Khumib basalts are enriched in high field strength elements and light rare earth elements relative to low-Ti types and exhibit trace element affinities with Tristan da Cunha lavas.
- Full Text: false
An XML-Based Approach to the Generation and Testing of mLAN Sound Installation Configurations
- Foss, Richard, Laubscher, Ron, Fujimori, J I
- Authors: Foss, Richard , Laubscher, Ron , Fujimori, J I
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427267 , vital:72426 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=12787
- Description: An application, called the mLAN Installation Designer, has been developed that enables the user to graphically design and validate an mLAN sound installation. This application is built upon a model of mLAN systems that is defined by an Extensible Markup Language (XML) Schema, ensuring cross platform portability and future scalability. The XML Schema provides sufficient flexibility to form the basis for a standard effort to describe the configuration of IEEE 1394 based sound installation environments. The output from the mLAN Installation Designer application file is an XML document, consistent with the defined schema, which allows a configuration tool to configure the mLAN devices for automatic operation during deployment of the system.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Foss, Richard , Laubscher, Ron , Fujimori, J I
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427267 , vital:72426 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=12787
- Description: An application, called the mLAN Installation Designer, has been developed that enables the user to graphically design and validate an mLAN sound installation. This application is built upon a model of mLAN systems that is defined by an Extensible Markup Language (XML) Schema, ensuring cross platform portability and future scalability. The XML Schema provides sufficient flexibility to form the basis for a standard effort to describe the configuration of IEEE 1394 based sound installation environments. The output from the mLAN Installation Designer application file is an XML document, consistent with the defined schema, which allows a configuration tool to configure the mLAN devices for automatic operation during deployment of the system.
- Full Text:
Reviewing review:
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158773 , vital:40227 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146216
- Description: In this 10th year of freedom of media in South Africa, the Rhodes Journalism Review has entered its 14th year as chronicler of media in South Africa. RJR was started in the year that actually unrolled the changes we now live with - 1990 - and attempted to document the complex journey out of apartheid. In the last 10 years Review has been charting the even more complex journey into freedom.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Garman, Anthea
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158773 , vital:40227 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC146216
- Description: In this 10th year of freedom of media in South Africa, the Rhodes Journalism Review has entered its 14th year as chronicler of media in South Africa. RJR was started in the year that actually unrolled the changes we now live with - 1990 - and attempted to document the complex journey out of apartheid. In the last 10 years Review has been charting the even more complex journey into freedom.
- Full Text:
Decryption of Wire-level Network Protocols for Forensic Inspection
- Authors: Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428339 , vital:72504 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Irwin/publication/327622612_Decryption_of_Wire-lev-el_Network_Protocols_for_Forensic_Inspection/links/5b9a1220299bf14ad4d6a3b1/Decryption-of-Wire-level-Network-Protocols-for-Forensic-Inspection.pdf
- Description: With the increased use of encrypted transport protocols, the problem of debugging and monitoring the contents of these protocols has in-creased in complexity. This work proposes the development of a unified means of access to the plaintext, through the use of privileged access to the encryption keys, based on the assumption that an administrator has legitimate access to one side of a communication, and is thereby able to gain access to the encryption tokens.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428339 , vital:72504 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Irwin/publication/327622612_Decryption_of_Wire-lev-el_Network_Protocols_for_Forensic_Inspection/links/5b9a1220299bf14ad4d6a3b1/Decryption-of-Wire-level-Network-Protocols-for-Forensic-Inspection.pdf
- Description: With the increased use of encrypted transport protocols, the problem of debugging and monitoring the contents of these protocols has in-creased in complexity. This work proposes the development of a unified means of access to the plaintext, through the use of privileged access to the encryption keys, based on the assumption that an administrator has legitimate access to one side of a communication, and is thereby able to gain access to the encryption tokens.
- Full Text:
Lessons Learned In The Global Deployment Of An Open Source Security Solution
- Authors: Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428830 , vital:72539 , https://digifors.cs.up.ac.za/issa/2004/Proceedings/Research/023.pdf
- Description: This paper covers the lessons learned, and the challenges facing the deployment of an Open Source derivative firewall and Virtual Private Network (VPN) solution into the established commercially driven Tele-communications arena. The lessons learned and issues discussed are drawn from the author’s own experiences having worked for a global Wireless Application Service Provider over a three year period. Focus is placed on the issues surrounding the integration of the open source equipment with that of the established global Telecommunications players, where compliance to existing network standards was a re-quirement for connectivity. Major stumbling blocks to the acceptance and success of the open source product were the concerns expressed by the Telecommunications Operators relating to interoperability and troubleshooting facilities when interfaced to their existing commercially available equipment and existing rigid telecommunications networks. The processes resulting in the initial decision to utilise an open source solution in preference to commercial offerings are also explored. An open source solution was found to offer higher flexibility and functionali-ty and greater return on investment whilst maintaining a significantly re-duced cost in comparison to commercial solutions available.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428830 , vital:72539 , https://digifors.cs.up.ac.za/issa/2004/Proceedings/Research/023.pdf
- Description: This paper covers the lessons learned, and the challenges facing the deployment of an Open Source derivative firewall and Virtual Private Network (VPN) solution into the established commercially driven Tele-communications arena. The lessons learned and issues discussed are drawn from the author’s own experiences having worked for a global Wireless Application Service Provider over a three year period. Focus is placed on the issues surrounding the integration of the open source equipment with that of the established global Telecommunications players, where compliance to existing network standards was a re-quirement for connectivity. Major stumbling blocks to the acceptance and success of the open source product were the concerns expressed by the Telecommunications Operators relating to interoperability and troubleshooting facilities when interfaced to their existing commercially available equipment and existing rigid telecommunications networks. The processes resulting in the initial decision to utilise an open source solution in preference to commercial offerings are also explored. An open source solution was found to offer higher flexibility and functionali-ty and greater return on investment whilst maintaining a significantly re-duced cost in comparison to commercial solutions available.
- Full Text:
Language rights, intercultural communication and the law in South Africa
- Kaschula, Russell H, Ralarala, Monwabisi K
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H , Ralarala, Monwabisi K
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Language policy -- South Africa , Courts interpreting and translating -- South Africa , Intercultural communication -- South Africa , Conduct of court proceedings -- South Africa , Linguistic rights -- South Africa , Multilingualism -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59434 , vital:27602 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2004.10587242
- Description: This article seeks to explore the present language scenario in courts of law. The article makes use of section 6 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996), as a point of departure. At face value this section seems to entrench the language rights of individuals. This would mean that individuals could request trials to be held in their mother tongues, with fluent and competent speakers of that mother tongue sitting on the bench. However, this has not materialised. Contrary to popular opinion, the article argues that individual language rights are to some extent entrenched in the Constitution, but there are no mechanisms to secure such rights in the public domain. The article argues that it is often only language privileges that are preserved in institutions such as the justice system. Legally speaking, there is an obligation on the State to provide interpreters to facilitate access to all eleven official languages in courts of law. This in itself presents numerous challenges. The article argues further that the corollary to this is that there is very little space for intercultural communication in courts of law (as defined by Ting-Toomey, 1999, and Gibson, 2002). There has been little or no capacity building in this regard. It is English, to some extent Afrikaans, and the western cultural paradigm, which prevails. The result is further communication breakdown and language intolerance. In this article, the notion of language rights in courts of law is explored against the backdrop of existing theories of intercultural communication.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H , Ralarala, Monwabisi K
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Language policy -- South Africa , Courts interpreting and translating -- South Africa , Intercultural communication -- South Africa , Conduct of court proceedings -- South Africa , Linguistic rights -- South Africa , Multilingualism -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59434 , vital:27602 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2004.10587242
- Description: This article seeks to explore the present language scenario in courts of law. The article makes use of section 6 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996), as a point of departure. At face value this section seems to entrench the language rights of individuals. This would mean that individuals could request trials to be held in their mother tongues, with fluent and competent speakers of that mother tongue sitting on the bench. However, this has not materialised. Contrary to popular opinion, the article argues that individual language rights are to some extent entrenched in the Constitution, but there are no mechanisms to secure such rights in the public domain. The article argues that it is often only language privileges that are preserved in institutions such as the justice system. Legally speaking, there is an obligation on the State to provide interpreters to facilitate access to all eleven official languages in courts of law. This in itself presents numerous challenges. The article argues further that the corollary to this is that there is very little space for intercultural communication in courts of law (as defined by Ting-Toomey, 1999, and Gibson, 2002). There has been little or no capacity building in this regard. It is English, to some extent Afrikaans, and the western cultural paradigm, which prevails. The result is further communication breakdown and language intolerance. In this article, the notion of language rights in courts of law is explored against the backdrop of existing theories of intercultural communication.
- Full Text:
Sex work from a feminist perspective: a visit to the Jordan case
- Authors: Krüger, Rósaan
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68877 , vital:29335 , https://doi.org/10.1080/19962126.2004.11864812
- Description: Publisher version , Introduction: Contributors to the prostitution/sex work debate, whether they condone, support or oppose criminalisation, legalisation or decriminalisation of prostitution, often rely on ‘facts’ to support their arguments. A common fact is that the majority of prostitutes/sex workers in the world and in South Africa are women. Thus, when I refer to prostitutes/sex workers, I refer to women working as prostitutes in the commercial sex industry. Furthermore, the fact that the majority of sex workers are women justifies considering prostitution from a feminist perspective – women’s voices on the subject should be heard. In this note I shall use the terms ‘prostitution’ and ‘sex work’ to refer to the exchange of sexual services for money. The former, more conventional term has a negative connotation, while the term ‘sex work’ denotes a movement away from casting a moral judgment towards recognition that sex work is just another job. References will be made to the associated activities of brothel-keeping and pimping, but the focus of this note is mainly on the provision of sexual services by the prostitute/ sex worker herself. Jordan v S is a Constitutional Court judgment in which the constitutional validity of the criminalisation of prostitution and its related activities were challenged. In order to analyse this judgment from a feminist perspective, I shall first briefly set out the current legal position on prostitution. Thereafter, I shall give an overview of Western feminist perspectives on prostitution and then link this perspective with African feminism. The last part of the note will be an analysis of the Jordan judgment in light of the feminist perspectives identified before.
- Full Text: false
- Authors: Krüger, Rósaan
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68877 , vital:29335 , https://doi.org/10.1080/19962126.2004.11864812
- Description: Publisher version , Introduction: Contributors to the prostitution/sex work debate, whether they condone, support or oppose criminalisation, legalisation or decriminalisation of prostitution, often rely on ‘facts’ to support their arguments. A common fact is that the majority of prostitutes/sex workers in the world and in South Africa are women. Thus, when I refer to prostitutes/sex workers, I refer to women working as prostitutes in the commercial sex industry. Furthermore, the fact that the majority of sex workers are women justifies considering prostitution from a feminist perspective – women’s voices on the subject should be heard. In this note I shall use the terms ‘prostitution’ and ‘sex work’ to refer to the exchange of sexual services for money. The former, more conventional term has a negative connotation, while the term ‘sex work’ denotes a movement away from casting a moral judgment towards recognition that sex work is just another job. References will be made to the associated activities of brothel-keeping and pimping, but the focus of this note is mainly on the provision of sexual services by the prostitute/ sex worker herself. Jordan v S is a Constitutional Court judgment in which the constitutional validity of the criminalisation of prostitution and its related activities were challenged. In order to analyse this judgment from a feminist perspective, I shall first briefly set out the current legal position on prostitution. Thereafter, I shall give an overview of Western feminist perspectives on prostitution and then link this perspective with African feminism. The last part of the note will be an analysis of the Jordan judgment in light of the feminist perspectives identified before.
- Full Text: false
An email based issue-tracking workflow system that is extensible across organizational boundaries
- Kwinana, Z N, Wentworth, Peter N, Terzoli, Alfredo
- Authors: Kwinana, Z N , Wentworth, Peter N , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427517 , vital:72444 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alfredo-Terzoli/publication/267848658_AN_EMAIL_BASED_ISSUE-TRACK-ING_WORKFLOW_SYSTEM_THAT_IS_EXTENSIBLE_ACROSS_ORGANIZATIONAL_BOUNDARIES/links/5523cb990cf2b351d9c338cb/AN-EMAIL-BASED-ISSUE-TRACKING-WORKFLOW-SYSTEM-THAT-IS-EXTENSIBLE-ACROSS-ORGANIZATIONAL-BOUNDARIES.pdf
- Description: There is a demand for improved communication and efficiency within the work place. As emails are generally used more than issue tracking systems, this paper will investigate a way of integrating the main fea-tures of email with those of an issue tracking system to ensure tasks are completed and if not information is provided to the relevant people at the relevant times. This will be done by creating an issue in an issue tracking system that is linkable to an email so as to track tasks that need to be done and follow the task through until completion.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kwinana, Z N , Wentworth, Peter N , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427517 , vital:72444 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alfredo-Terzoli/publication/267848658_AN_EMAIL_BASED_ISSUE-TRACK-ING_WORKFLOW_SYSTEM_THAT_IS_EXTENSIBLE_ACROSS_ORGANIZATIONAL_BOUNDARIES/links/5523cb990cf2b351d9c338cb/AN-EMAIL-BASED-ISSUE-TRACKING-WORKFLOW-SYSTEM-THAT-IS-EXTENSIBLE-ACROSS-ORGANIZATIONAL-BOUNDARIES.pdf
- Description: There is a demand for improved communication and efficiency within the work place. As emails are generally used more than issue tracking systems, this paper will investigate a way of integrating the main fea-tures of email with those of an issue tracking system to ensure tasks are completed and if not information is provided to the relevant people at the relevant times. This will be done by creating an issue in an issue tracking system that is linkable to an email so as to track tasks that need to be done and follow the task through until completion.
- Full Text: