Comparison of Task Scheduling Algorithms for Traffic Surveillance Application Using Fog Computing
- Authors: Sinqadu, Mluleki , Shibeshi, Zelalem S , Khalid, Khuram
- Date: 2022
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429150 , vital:72563 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89776-5_3
- Description: One of the issues that service consumers face when using cloud-based solutions is the delay in processing large and real-time data. Fog computing has been introduced as a solution to this issue since it allows the data to be processed at the edge of a network while enabling different tasks to be scheduled for processing in fog devices at the edge network. These devices still require cloud resources to give them the capacity of processing real-time applications. However, scheduling these tasks must be made in such a way that they do not consume all the available resources on a fog device. When a task consumes all available resources, it can lead to network breakdown or high latency which is not acceptable for real-time applications. Therefore, to address this problem, this chapter proposes a task scheduling technique for traffic surveillance vehicular network application through smart cameras. We used the iFogSim simulator, where the scenario of vehicle tracking is considered. Simulations are conducted to find an efficient scheduling algorithm among a pool of available ones that can optimize the energy consumption and average delay of our proposed real-time application model. The results show that the First Come First Serve (FCFS) scheduling algorithm outperforms the Short Job First (SJF), Generalized Priority (GP) and Round Robin (RR) counterparts in terms of average latency, energy usage, execution time and network usage.
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- Date Issued: 2022
Methods for assessing the quality of AM fungal bio-fertilizer: Retrospect and future directions
- Authors: Agnihotri, R , Sharma, M P , Bucking, H , Dames, Joanna F , Bagyaraj, D J
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/448626 , vital:74747 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-022-03288-3
- Description: In the recent past, the mass production of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has bloomed into a large biofertilizer industry. Due to their obligate symbiotic nature, these fungi are propagated on living roots in substrate-based pot cultures and RiTDNA in in vitro or root organ culture systems. The quality assessment of AM inocula remains critical for the production and efficacy evaluation of AM fungi. The vigour of AM inocula are assessed through microscopic methods such as inoculum potential, infectivity potential/infection units, most probable number (MPN) and spore density. These methods marginally depend on the researcher’s skill. The signature lipids specific to AM fungi, e.g. 16:1ω5cis ester-linked, phospholipid, and neutral lipid fatty acids provide more robustness and reproducibility. The quantitative real-time PCR of AM fungal taxa specific primers and probes analyzing gene copy number is also increasingly used. This article intends to sensitize AM fungal researchers and inoculum manufacturers to various methods of assessing the quality of AM inocula addressing their merits and demerits. This will help AM producers to fulfil the regulatory requirements ensuring the supply of high-quality AM inocula to end-users, and tap a new dimension of AM research in the commercial production of AM fungi and its application in sustainable plant production systems.
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- Date Issued: 2022
Refining youth sexualities empowerment programmes: The development of the Masizixhobise Toolkit based on a critical sexual and reproductive citizenship framework
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Moore, Sarah-Ann
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434158 , vital:73035 , ISBN 9781003139782 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139782-15/refining-youth-sexualities-empowerment-programmes-catriona-ida-macleod-sarah-moore
- Description: Youth sexualities programmes frequently focus on empowering young people in relation to sexual decision-making and interactions. Within these programmes, however, empowerment is mostly equated with the individualised concepts of self-efficacy and agency to the exclusion of interpersonal and social (i.e. collective) components. Resultantly, the social justice aspects of empowerment may be overlooked. Noting this, some researchers have argued for the adoption of a broader, integrative conceptualisation of empowerment. Macleod’s and Vincent’s critical sexual and reproductive citizenship (CSRC) framework provides such a conceptualisation. This framework draws from feminist re-workings of the principles of citizenship and applies these to understandings of CSRC. Based on this framework, key issues for consideration in programmes are: sexual and reproductive citizenship as status and practice; situated agency; differentiated universalism; the interweaving of the private and public; and the politics of recognition, redistribution and reparation. This chapter discusses the development of a programme refinement toolkit based on a CSRC framework, named the Masizixhobise Toolkit; how the elements outlined above were operationalised into questions; an illustrative example; and the partnership formed with a youth empowerment non-governmental organisation in developing the toolkit.
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- Date Issued: 2022
Reflections from early-career researchers on the past, present and future of doctoral education
- Authors: Mason, Shannon , Lévesque, Maude , Meki-Kombe, Charity , Abel, Sophie , Balaban, Corina , Chiappa, Roxana , Grund, Martin , Joubert, Biandri , Kuchumova, Gulfiya , Mantai, Lilia , Main, Joyce , Motshoane, Puleng , Qi, Jing , Steyn, Ronel , Zheng, Gaoming
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434543 , vital:73075 , ISBN 9781800080218 , https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/58197/1/9781800080188.pdf#page=264
- Description: Early-career researchers (ECRs) played a unique and explicit role in the development of the Hannover Recommendations 2019. We, the ECRs, were the recipients of competitive travel scholarships generously funded by Volkswagen Stiftung, whose support brought us together from across the globe. Attendance at the culminating conference in Germany presented an opportunity for some that would have otherwise been inaccessible without that support. Our role was to work alongside established scholars to design and develop a set of recommendations to provide a foundation for the future of doctoral education internationally. We each participated in different capacities, with some members of the group joining preliminary pre-conference online meetings and contributing to group discussions at the workshop in the days prior to the conference, which also involved the drafting of written reports. Others joined later in the process, participating in the discussions that were a central part of the conference proceedings. During the events we also had informal opportunities to discuss issues related to various aspects of doctoral education. Although we participated in varying degrees and contexts, we each contributed to discussions on the current status and future directions of doctoral education globally.
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- Date Issued: 2022
The linguistic dimensions of Gukurahundi in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Maseko, Busani , Nkomo, Dion
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/468075 , vital:77005 , ISBN 9781779224286
- Description: This chapter explores the linguistic dimensions of Gukurahundi to ad-dress claims that the operation was anything other than a genocide. When discussing genocide, Lang (2020) reveals the connection be-tween genocidal acts and language. Writing on the Nazi Holocaust, Lang (2020: 155) lays bare the nexus between genocides and lan-guage. To escape the consequences of language, for worse or for bet-ter, would require an impossible step outside history for its speakers or writers no less than for its audience–and whatever else we discover about the Nazi genocide. The background to this claim is broader than the specific evidence of the role of language in the Nazi genocide. The existence of a causal relation between language and history, between linguistic practice and events in the social context, would be disputed only on the view of language as neutral and transparent medium. Tes-timony comes from many different sources of the history of language as ‘real’history, evolving in direct relation to features of the historical and social context. On general grounds, it is predictable that linguistic de-velopments which occurred at the time of Nazi genocide would disclose features resembling those of the process of genocide itself; it would be difficult to understand how the latter might occur without corresponding changes in language (Lang 2020: 155).
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- Date Issued: 2022
Volatility spillovers in equity and foreign exchange markets: Evidence from emerging economies
- Authors: Nyopa, Tšepiso , Khumalo, Sibanisezwe A
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/470666 , vital:77383 , https://journals.co.za/doi/full/10.4102/jef.v15i1.713
- Description: This study investigated the relationship between the equity markets and foreign exchange markets in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). This study examined the financial connectedness through volatility spillovers and co-movements among equity and foreign exchange markets in the BRICS countries to better understand market interdependencies. The literature mainly focused on volatility transmission from developed countries. This research, used the Diebold and Yilmaz spillover index approach (DY index). The DY index is based on variance decompositions (VD) and impulse response functions that use a vector autoregressive (VAR) modelling framework. The study period was from 02 January 1997 to 31 December 2018.
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- Date Issued: 2022