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Advancing the scholarship of integration for impactful, sustainable and holistic student success

  • Authors: Pule, Neo , Madiba, Matete , Mohasoa, Irene
  • Date: 2024
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13055 , vital:77162 , ISSN: 2307-6267 , Citation: Pule, N., Madiba, M., & Mohasoa, I. (2024). Advancing the scholarship of integration for impactful, sustainable and holistic student success. Journal of Student Affairs in Africa, 12(2), v–ix. DOI: 10.24085/jsaa.v12i2.5483. , DOI: 10.24085/jsaa.v12i2.5483
  • Description: Abstract: University professional and teaching staff are like two sides of the same coin. However, to a great extent, they work in silos – which leads to fragmentation and undermines efforts to achieve significant levels of impactful, sustainable and holistic student success. In this context, this special issue was proposed as a contribution towards closing the gap between the academic part of the university and the professional or support-services part; and as a means of encouraging the work required to forge integrated approaches in support of enhanced student success. The siloed approach, which is indicative of the politics and potential power dynamics that are embedded in university operations and structures, needs to be dismantled...
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Impact of novel software on laboratory expenditure at an academic hospital in South Africa

  • Authors: Mayekiso, Zoliswa , Oladimeji, E Kelechi , Estrada, Pulido A Guillermo , Apalata, R. Teke
  • Date: 2023/11
  • Subjects: Gatekeeping , Medical laboratory expenditure , Cost effectiveness , Intervention , Rural academic hospital , South Africa , Interrupted time series
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13388 , vital:78679 , DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2159
  • Description: Background: Countries across the globe report an increase in expenditure associated with medical laboratory testing. In 2020, the United States Department of Health and Human Services reported that laboratory test expenditures increased by $459 million US dollars (USD) from $7.1 billion USD in 2018. In South Africa, laboratory testing expenditure in the public sector increased from $415 million USD in 2014 to $723 million USD in 2021. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an innovative software, electronic gatekeeping (EGK), on medical laboratory test expenditures at Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital, in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, an interrupted time series analysis technique was used to evaluate trends in expenditure during a 48-month study period. To measure the impact of EGK on laboratory expenditure, we analysed laboratory expenditure over two study periods: a period of 24 months occurring before EGK implementation (01 June 2013 to 31 May 2015) and a period of 24 months occurring during EGK implementation (01 June 2015 to 30 May 2017). Results: There was a significant reduction (211928 fewer tests) in the number of tests performed during the intervention (434790) compared to before the intervention (646718). Laboratory test expenditure was $1 663 756.72 USD before the intervention period and $1 105 036.88 USD during the intervention period, demonstrating a cost savings of $558 719.84 USD. Conclusion: Electronic gatekeeping is a cost-effective intervention for managing medical laboratory expenditures. We recommend that the health sector scale up this intervention nationally.
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  • Date Issued: 2023/11

A comparative analysis of patient profiles and health services utilization between patent medicine vendors and community pharmacists in Nigeria

  • Authors: Adepoju, Victor Abiola , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
  • Date: 2023/09
  • Subjects: Tuberculosis , Patent medicine vendors , Drug shops , Community pharmacist , Service utilization , Signs and symptoms
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13169 , vital:78005 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11182484
  • Description: Background: This study examined Nigeria’s socio-demographic profiles and health service utilization patterns of Patent Medicine Vendors (PMVs) and Community Pharmacists (CPs). Method: A cross-sectional study using a structured self-administered questionnaire among 405 retail outlets (322 PMVs and 83 CPs) across 16 Lagos and Kebbi Local Government Areas (LGAs) between June 2020 and December 2020. Results: Results showed that 60.4% were male, 76.3% from Lagos, 58.3% had tertiary education, and 74.1% had medical training. Cough and fever were common symptoms. Significant differences were found in the utilization of STD services (PMVs: 9.2%, CPs: 12.3%, p = 0.03)), services by age < 0.001), and utilization by males (PMVs: 50.8, CPs: 47.1, p = 0.013). The study revealed that men visited PMVs more, while CPs used more STI services and childhood visits. Conclusions: The findings suggest that expanding health services among PMVs could target male-dominant diseases, and capacity building of CPs on syndromic STI management could reduce the STI burden.
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  • Date Issued: 2023/09

Exploring health insurance and knowledge of the ovulatory cycle: evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys of 29 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa

  • Authors: Zegeye, Betregiorgis , Idriss-Wheeler, Dina , Yaya, Sanni
  • Date: 2023/09
  • Subjects: health insurance , ovulactory cycle , Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13311 , vital:78423 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-023-01675-z
  • Description: Background Unplanned pregnancy continues to be a major public health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Understanding the ovulatory cycle can help women avoid unplanned pregnancy. Though a wide range of factors for ovulatory cycle knowledge in SSA countries has not been well assessed, the infuence of health insurance on ovu‑ latory cycle knowledge is largely unknown. As a result, we set out to investigate the relationship between health insurance enrollment and knowledge of the ovulatory cycle among women of childbearing age. This study aims to investigate the relationship between health insurance enrollment and knowledge of the ovulatory cycle among women of childbearing age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) data from 29 SSA countries were analyzed. The association between health insurance and ovulatory cycle knowledge was investigated using bivariate and multivariate multi‑ level logistic regression models among 372,692 women of reproductive age (15–49). The fndings were presented as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confdence intervals (CI). A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically signifcant. Results The pooled result shows that the prevalence of knowledge of ovulatory cycle in the studied 29 SSA countries was 25.5% (95% CI; 24.4%-26.6%). Findings suggest higher odds of ovulatory cycle knowledge among women cov‑ ered by health insurance (AOR=1.27, 95% CI; 1.02–1.57), with higher education (higher-AOR=2.83, 95% CI; 1.95– 4.09), from the richest wealth quintile (richest-AOR=1.39, 95% CI; 1.04–1.87), and from female headed households (AOR=1.16, 95% CI; 1.01–1.33) compared to women who had no formal education, were from the poorest wealth quintile and belonged to male headed households, respectively. We found lower odds of ovulatory cycle knowledge among women who had 2–4 parity history (AOR=0.80, 95% CI; 0.65–0.99) compared to those with history of one parity. Conclusions The fndings indicate that the knowledge of the ovulatory cycle is lacking in SSA. Improving health insurance enrollment should be considered to increase ovulatory cycle knowledge as an approach to reduce the region’s unplanned pregnancy rate. Strategies for improving opportunities that contribute to women’s empower‑ ment and autonomy as well as sexual and reproductive health approaches targeting women who are in poorest quin‑ tiles, not formally educated, belonging to male headed households, and having high parity should be considered.
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  • Date Issued: 2023/09

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Cigarette Smoking among South Africa Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol

  • Authors: Londani, Mukhethwa , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
  • Date: 2023/09
  • Subjects: South Africa , adoloscents , young adults , tobacco use , systematic review , meta-analysis
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13301 , vital:78421 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/mps6050085
  • Description: Tobacco use, particularly the initiation of smoking during adolescence and young adult hood, represents a significant public health concern in South Africa. The influence of socio-cultural factors, marketing strategies of the tobacco industry, and accessibility of tobacco products have all been implicated in this context. This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol aims to scrutinise the body of literature on this issue, providing a comprehensive understanding of the patterns and determinants of tobacco use among South African adolescents and young adults, with an eye towards informing more effective policy interventions. The available literature for studies on tobacco use will be systematically searched and reviewed. Five international scholarly databases, namely PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, and Scopus, will be searched. Peer-reviewed studies will be included if they are conducted in South Africa or South African provinces and if they include the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents and young adults aged between 12 and 24 years. The results of such an analysis can guide future policy designs, enabling them to be more targeted and thus more effective. The findings can also have implications for shaping global tobacco control strate gies, given the transferability of successful interventions across different populations and cultural contexts. This protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO database.
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  • Date Issued: 2023/09

Causes and outcomes of intensive care admission refusals: A retrospective audit from a rural teaching hospital in Eastern Cape, South Africa

  • Authors: Ninise, Ezile Julie , Mrara, Busisiwe
  • Date: 2023/06
  • Subjects: ICU triage , Refusal rates , Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital , A retrospecive cross-sectional study
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13200 , vital:78090 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract13040066
  • Description: (1) Background: Patients who deserve intensive care unit (ICU) admission may be denied due to a lack of resources, complicating ICU triage decisions for intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians. Among the resources that may be unavailable are trained personnel and monitored beds. In South Africa, the distribution of healthcare resources is reflected in the availability of ICU beds, with more ICU beds available in more affluent areas. Data on ICU refusal rates, reasons for refusal, patient characteristics, and outcomes are scarce in resource-constrained rural settings. Hence, this study sheds light on the ICU refusal rates, reasons for refusal, characteristics, and outcomes of refused patients at NMAH. (2) Methods: This was a three-month retrospective cross-sectional record review of refused and admitted patients from January to March 2022. COVID-19 patients and those younger than 13 years old were excluded. Refusal rates, reasons for refusal, characteristics, and outcomes of refused patients were analysed quantitatively using SPSS VS 20 software. Reasons for refusal were categorised as “too well”, “too sick”, and “suitable for admission but no resources”. (3) Results: A total of 135 patients were discussed for ICU admission at NMAH during the study period; 73 (54.07%) were refused admission, and 62 (45.92%) were admitted. Being considered too sick to benefit from ICU was the most common reason for refusal (53.23%). Too well and no resources contributed 27.42% and 19.35%, respectively. Patients with poor functional status, comorbidities, medical diagnoses, and those referred from the ward or accident and emergency unit rather than the operating room were more likely to be refused ICU admission. Refused patients had a seven-day mortality rate of 47%. (4) Conclusions and recommendations: The study found an unmet need for critical care services at our institution, as well as a need for tools to help clinicians make objective triage decisions for critically ill patients. Therefore, the study suggests a need to improve the quality of services provided outside of the ICU, particularly for patients who were refused ICU admission, to improve their outcomes.
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  • Date Issued: 2023/06

Health-Seeking Behavior Regarding Coughs in Urban Slums in Lagos, Nigeria

  • Authors: Adepoju, Victor Abiola , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju , Sokoya, Olusola Daniel
  • Date: 2023/06
  • Subjects: tuberculosis , health-seeking , urban , patent proprietary medicine vendor , World TB day , Nigeria , active case finding , outreaches
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13290 , vital:78420 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines10070038
  • Description: Background: TB is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with slum residents being disproportionately affected. This study aimed to assess health-seeking behavior among adult residents of slum communities presenting with coughs in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted across six urban slums in Nigeria as part of community outreaches to mark World TB Day. A structured, pretested questionnaire was used to capture relevant sociodemographic details and questions regarding symptoms of coughs and related symptoms as well as care-seeking behavior. Data were explored, analyzed, and presented using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 632 respondents participated in this study...
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  • Date Issued: 2023/06

Health facility delivery and early initiation of breastfeeding: Cross-sectional survey of 11 sub-Saharan African countries

  • Authors: Ameyaw, Edward K , Adde, Kenneth S , Paintsil, Jones A , Dickson, Kwamena S , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju , Yaya, Sanni
  • Date: 2023/05
  • Subjects: Early initiation of breastfeeding , Newborn , Neonatal health , Global health , sub-Saharan Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13253 , vital:78414 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.1263
  • Description: Background and Aims: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIB) remains one of the promising interventions for preventing neonatal and child deaths. EIB is positively associated with healthcare delivery or childbirth. Meanwhile, no study in sub‐ Saharan Africa (SSA) appears to have investigated the relationship between health facility delivery and EIB; thus, we assessed the correlation between health facility delivery and EIB. Methods: We used data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of 64,506 women from 11 SSA countries. The outcome variable was whether the respondent had early breastfeeding or not. Two logistic regression models were used in the inferential analysis. With a 95% confidence interval (CI), the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for each variable were calculated. The data set was stored, managed, and analyzed using Stata version 13. Results: The overall percentage of women who initiated early breastfeeding was 59.22%. Rwanda recorded the highest percentage of early initiation of breastfeeding (86.34%), while Gambia recorded the lowest (39.44%). The adjusted model revealed a significant association between health facility delivery and EIB (aOR = 1.80, CI = 1.73–1.87). Compared with urban women, rural women had higher likelihood of initiating early breastfeeding (aOR = 1.22, CI = 1.16–1.27). Women with a primary education (aOR = 1.26, CI = 1.20–1.32), secondary education (aOR = 1.12, CI = 1.06–1.17), and higher (aOR = 1.13, CI = 1.02–1.25), all had higher odds of initiating early breastfeeding. Women with the richest wealth status had the highest odds of initiating early breastfeeding as compared to the poorest women (aOR = 1.33, CI = 1.23–1.43). Conclusion: Based on our findings, we strongly advocate for the integration of EIB policies and initiatives with healthcare delivery advocacy. Integration of these efforts can result in drastic reduction in infant and child mortality. Essentially, Gambia and other countries with a lower proclivity for EIB must reconsider their current breastfeeding interventions and conduct the necessary reviews and modifications that can lead to an increase in EIB.
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  • Date Issued: 2023/05

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Neisseria meningitidis and Enterobacteriaceae in Two Reference Hospitals of Yaoundé: An Overview before and during COVID-19 Pandemic Era

  • Authors: Djuikoue, Ingrid Cecile , Djonkouh, Yamdeu Willy , Bekolo, Epie Cavin , Wouambo, Kamga Rodrigue , Fonou, Carrel Raspail , Djoulako, Djouela Dana Paule , Temgoua, Tonfak Gilder , Pokam, Thumamamo Benjamin D. , Antoine-Moussiaux, Nicolas , Apalata, Teke R.
  • Date: 2023/05
  • Subjects: Resistant bacteria , Covid-19 pandemis era , Antibiotics
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13358 , vital:78660 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12050929
  • Description: The COVID-19 pandemic led to tremendously use of antimicrobial due to the lack of proper treatment strategies, raising concerns about emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed at determining the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of selected bacteria isolates in 02 referral health facilities in Yaoundé before and during the COVID-19 pandemic era. We conducted a retrospective study over a period of 03 years (from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021) in the bacteriology units of the Central and General Hospitals of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Data on bacteria genera (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Neisseria meningitidis and Enterobacteriaceae) as well as their corresponding specifics antibiotics: Cefixime, azythromycin and erythromycin were obtained from laboratory records. The global resistance rate of bacteria as well as their correlation with antibiotics according to COVID-19 pandemic era was determined and compared. For p 0.05, the difference was statistically significant. In all, 426 bacterial strains were included. It appeared that the highest number of bacteria isolates and lowest rate of bacterial resistance were recorded during the pre-COVID-19 period in 2019 (160 isolates vs. 58.8% resistance rate). Conversely, lower bacteria strains but greater resistance burden were recorded during the pandemic era (2020 and 2021) with the lowest bacteria amount and peak of bacteria resistance registered in 2020, the year of COVID-19 onset (120 isolates vs. 70% resistance in 2020 and 146 isolates vs. 58.9% resistance in 2021)…
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  • Date Issued: 2023/05

Prevalence and factors associated with HIV treatment non-adherence among people living with HIV in three regions of Cameroon: A cross-sectional study

  • Authors: Buh, Amos , Deonandan, Raywat , Gomes, James , Krentel, Alison , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju , Yaya, Sanni
  • Date: 2023/04
  • Subjects: hiv treatment , non-adherence , young people
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13281 , vital:78419 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283991
  • Description: Background: In Cameroon, HIV care decentralization is enforced as a national policy, but follow-up of people living with HIV (PLWH) is provider-driven, with little patient education and limited patient participation in clinical surveillance. These types of services can result in low antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of ART non-adherence among PLWH in Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of PLWH in HIV treatment centres in Cameroon was conducted. Only PLWH, receiving treatment in a treatment centre within the country, who had been on treatment for at least six months and who were at least 21 years old were included in the study. Individuals were interviewed about their demographics and ART experiences. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using STATA version 14...
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  • Date Issued: 2023/04

Correlation of socio-economic factors, diet and ownership of consumer electronics with body mass index in women of childbearing age: Insights from the 2016 South African demographic health survey

  • Authors: Banda, Lucas , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
  • Date: 2023/03
  • Subjects: Body weight categories , BMI , Prevalence , Socio-economic , Diet , Women of child-bearing age , Consumer electronics , Overweight , Pre-obesity , Obesity , South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13190 , vital:78089 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/women3010013
  • Description: The available evidence indicates a correlation between owning consumer electronics, such as cellphones and televisions, and a higher risk of obesity and increased adiposity. However, such studies are sparse in South Africa. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the dietary and sociodemographic factors associated with various BMI categories, including the possession of consumer electronics, among women of reproductive age in South Africa. This is a secondary study of a population registry that includes dietary, BMI, and digital use items among women of reproductive age. The data is from the South Africa Demographic Health Survey (SADHS, 2016). Of the 3363 participants included in the analysis, women of normal weight were (35.5%), pre-obese (34.5%), obese (27.1%) and underweight (2.9%).
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  • Date Issued: 2023/03

Gender and Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Nigeria

  • Authors: Oladimeji, Olanrewaju , Atiba, Bamidele Atiba , Anyian, Felix Emeka , Odugbemi, Babatunde A , Afolaranmi, Tolulope , Zoakah, Ayuba Ibrahim , Horsburgh, Robert C
  • Date: 2023/02
  • Subjects: drug-resistant TB , gender , treatement zone , human immunodeficiency virus
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13321 , vital:78424 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020104
  • Description: We conducted a retrospective study of 2555 DR-TB patients admitted to treatment between 2010 and 2016 in six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. We characterized the gender distribution of DR-TB cases and the association between demographics and clinical data, such as age, treatment category, number of previous TB treatment cycles, and geopolitical zone, with gender. The independent effects of being a male or female DR-TB patient were determined using bivariate and multivariate analyzes with statistical significance of p 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. Records from a total of 2555 DR-TB patients were examined for the study. A majority were male (66.9%), largest age-group was 30–39 years old (35.8%), most had MDR-TB (61.4%), were HIV-negative (76.6%), and previously treated for TB (77.1%). The southwest treatment zone had the highest proportion of DR-TB patients (36.9%), and most DR-TB diagnoses occurred in 2016 (36.9%). On bivariate analysis, age, HIV status, treatment zone, and clinical patient group in DR-TB were significantly associated with male gender. On multivariate analysis, males aged 20–29 years (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.33–0.59, p = 0.001) and HIV-positive males (AOR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.33–0.59, p = 0.001) had lower likelihood of MDR-TB as males in the south–south treatment zone (AOR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.23–2.85, p = 0.03), and being male and aged ≥60 years (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.05–4.54, p = 0.036) increased the probability of DR-TB. The older male population from south–southern Nigeria and women of childbearing age had lower incidence of DR-TB than men of the same age. Tailored interventions to reduce HIV and DR-TB prevalence in the general population, particularly among women of childbearing potential, and treatment support for young and older men are relevant strategies to reduce DR-TB in Nigeria.
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  • Date Issued: 2023/02

Sol-gel produced Zn2V2O7 phosphors’ improved luminous properties: The role of thermal treatment

  • Authors: Dejene, Francis Birhanu
  • Date: 2023/02
  • Subjects: Vanadate , Annealing , Crystallinity , Thermogravimetric , Photoluminescence
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13220 , vital:78106 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13878
  • Description: Zn2V2O7 phosphor was made using a sol-gel technique and then annealed at temperatures ranging from 700 to 850 ◦C. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that Zn2V2O7 exhibits a single monoclinic phase. The width at half-maximum of the (022) XRD peak shrank overall resulting in improved crystallinity of the Zn2V2O7 phosphors with higher annealing temperatures. Because of the good crystallinity of Zn2V2O7, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that grain size increases as the annealing temperature rises. When the temperature was raised from 35 ◦C to 500 ◦C, TGA findings revealed a total weight loss of approximately 65%. The photoluminescence emission spectra of annealed Zn2V2O7 powders revealed a wide green-yellowish emission in the range of 400 nm–800 nm. As the annealing temperature was raised, the crystallinity improved, resulting in an increase in PL intensity. The peak of the PL emission shifts from green to yellow emission.
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  • Date Issued: 2023/02

Stocking Practices of Anti-Tuberculosis Medications among Community Pharmacists and Patent Proprietary Medicine Vendors in Two States in Nigeria

  • Authors: Adepoju, Abiola Victor , Ademola, Adelekan , Oladimeji, Olanrewaju
  • Date: 2023/02
  • Subjects: Tuberculosis , Patent medicine vendors , Community pharmacists , Anti-TB medication , Stocking , Dispensing , Fixed-dose combination
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13378 , vital:78665 , DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040584
  • Description: Background: Evidence has shown that non-fixed-dose combination (non-FDC) anti-TB drugs could promote the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). We aimed to determine anti-TB medication stocking and dispensing practices among patent medicine vendors (PMVs) and community pharmacists (CPs) and their determinants. Method: This was a cross-sectional study using a structured, self-administered questionnaire among 405 retail outlets (322 PMVs and 83 CPs) across 16 Lagos and Kebbi local government areas (LGAs) between June 2020 and December 2020. Data were analyzed with Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 17 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to assess the determinants of anti-TB medication stocking practices at a p-value of 0.05 or less for statistical significance. Results: Overall, 91%, 71%, 49%, 43% and 35% of the respondents reported stocking loose rifampicin, streptomycin, pyrazinamide, isoniazid and ethambutol tablets, respectively...
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  • Date Issued: 2023/02

A Global Call for More Investment in Data-Driven Perioperative Care Delivery Models in Humanitarian Settings

  • Authors: Mara, Busisiwe Oladimeji, Olnrewaju.
  • Date: 2023
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9118 , vital:72975
  • Description: Abstract that must end in a full stop.
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  • Date Issued: 2023

Impact of relaxing flood policy interventions on fish production: lessons from earthen pond‑based farmers in Southwest Nigeria

  • Authors: Adewale, Isaac Olutumise
  • Date: 2023
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9169 , vital:73018
  • Description: These days, aquatic (fish) welfare is a major issue and a significant component that affects fish output. Although numerous factors can be involved, climate-induced floods are one of the most critical limiting factors in the aquaculture and fisheries industry’s development. Understanding the extent of losses and damages caused by floods at the farm level will thereby exacerbate pre-emptive policy responses. Thus, the impact of floods on fish production by focusing on catfish earthen pond-based farmers in Southwest Nigeria is presented. A survey is conducted for 150 fish farms in the region. A marginal treatment effects (MTE) approach is employed to determine the heterogeneity across the households and the policy-relevant treatment effects (PRTE). The results show significant heterogeneity in the effects of floods on fish production, considering both observed and unobserved characteristics of the farmers. It is shown that flood significantly increases output loss. Furthermore, farmers with high propensity scores to flood tend to have a high likelihood of incurring output loss. The estimates of PRTE reveal that relaxing policy strategies, such as access to climate information and climate-related training and workshops, would significantly exacerbate output loss due to flood incidences. Thus, intensifying awareness and sensitization on climate change policies will address the flood menace and still increase food production.
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  • Date Issued: 2023

Impact of sustainable tax revenue and expenditure on the achievement of sustainable development goals in some selected African countries

  • Authors: Kola, Benson Ajeigbe
  • Date: 2023
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9234 , vital:73024
  • Description: Abstract The study examined the impact of Sustainable Tax Revenue and Expenditure on the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals in African countries using secondary data. The dataset was extracted from the World Development Indicators database. The large gap between developed and developing countries when comparing the probability of them achieving the SDGs was the main motivation behind this study. Data retrieved from 45 countries comprised of both African and developed countries for the period 2010–2020 was analyzed using the Generalized Method of Moments technique. The results revealed that the coefficients of grants received, various forms of taxes, and other revenue have a positive effect on economic growth but a negative effect on poverty and unemployment for African and developed countries. This finding suggests that improvements in tax revenue generation, grants and other revenue accumulation across different sources boost economic performance and the welfare of individuals in the analyzed countries. The outcome is an indication that accumulating more grants from different sources will help to achieve sustainable development, improve financial stability, contributes to the economic growth and development in these countries. This study can guide policymakers, governments, international institutions, revenue bodies such as SARS and other stakeholders in their various planning and other decision-making endeavors. Governments and other policymakers must ensure the efficient generation and sustainable utilization of revenue generated from taxes and other revenues to spur the growth and development of their countries. They should have Growth-Sustainability-Oriented Fiscal Adjustment Programs and Sustainable Government Expenditure that can help push and redirect governments to achieve the SDGs in Africa.
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  • Date Issued: 2023

Recent progress in the conversion of agricultural waste into functional materials

  • Authors: Xhamla, Nqoro, Raymond Taziwa,Patricia Popoola
  • Date: 2023
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9238 , vital:73025
  • Description: Agricultural waste is enriched with a variety of environmentally friendly materials that can potentially boost economic growth, reduce the spread of contagious diseases, and serve as a carbon-free renewable energy bioresource. Biopolymers produced from agricultural waste have a range of applications in medicine, agriculture, pharmaceutics, and industrial factories. The chemical extraction of biopolymers from biomass requires a series of alternating alkali, acid, and alkali treatments at controlled temperatures. Chemical extraction of plant-based biopolymers requires elevated temperatures (70–100°C), while for animal and sea organism-based biopolymers, moderate temperatures of 25–60°C are used. The obtained biopolymers are functionalized into various materials for application in a wide range of industries. The reported functional materials are loaded with inorganic nanomaterials, plant extracts, and organic compounds, which resulted in a synergistic effect and enhanced activity of the materials. Several researchers have synthesized biopolymers with synthetic polymers to improve their bioavailability, tensile strength, shelf life, and UV adsorption. This review article reports the extraction techniques of biopolymers from agricultural waste and their application in wound healing, water treatment, food storage, passive cooling, and cosmetics. The dearth of scientific articles on the applications of biopolymers generated from agricultural waste produced from food crops grown in Africa is a motivation for the present compilation.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023

Removal of reactive blue 19 from simulated wastewater using Solanum melongena stalk/MWCNTs: thermodynamics, kinetic, equilibrium and regeneration potentials

  • Authors: James, Friday Amaku1
  • Date: 2023
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/9201 , vital:73021
  • Description: In the present study, a nanocomposite was prepared for the removal of dye from the aqueous phase. In this regard, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were anchored on the stalk of Solanum melongena (SMB) to obtain a robust adsorbent with the capacity to eliminate reactive blue 19 (RB19) using the batch adsorptive processes. Solanum melongena stalk decorated with MWCNTs (SMC) and SMB were characterized using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett– Teller (BET), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. With the exception of solution pH, an increase in contact time, adsorbent dose, initial RB19 concentration, and solution temperature were noticed to elevate the uptake potential of SMB and SMC. Kinetic experimental data for SMB and SMC were consistent with the pseudo-second-order and Elovich model, respectively. The experimental isotherm data obtained for SMB and SMC were best expressed by Freundlich and Langmuir models, respectively. After the fifth adsorption–desorption cycle, SMC exhibited 52% of adsorption efficiency. Hence, SMC can be an auspicious candidate for the efficient adsorption of RB19.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023

The estimation and power of alternative discretionary accruals models

  • Authors: Gbadeho, Adedeji Daniel , Adekunle, Ahmed Oluwatobi , Akande, Joseph Oluwafeni
  • Date: 2023
  • Subjects: Earnings management , Discretionary accruals , Jones model , Working capital accruals
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/13119 , vital:77947 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.31098/jgrcs.v3i1.1197
  • Description: Discretionary accruals remain decade’s long measures to detect earnings management in empirical accounting research. The correctness of the specifications and test power of the information content for the models remains unexplored based on samples of most emerging market firms. Yet, country’s-based researchers have increasingly used different Jones-based discretionary accruals to proxy earnings management. The paper aims to evaluate four discretionary accruals models and to decide the most appropriate one for the detection of earnings management. For the aim, we apply regression methods to estimate and evaluate four Jones-type discretionary accruals models – simple Jones, modified Jones, extended Jones cash flow model and working capital accruals – based on evidence of a final sample of 1,852 firm-year of 102 firms in Nigeria during 2001–2020. The results disclose that all models are well-specified such that the likelihood of Type I errors is minimum and below the significance level of 5%. In order to demonstrate the power of the test, the simulations completed identify that the modified Jones model exhibits the highest power capability. The implication of this finding is that the modified Jones model is the most appropriate model to detect earnings management based on the Nigerian sample.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2023
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