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Service discovery using open sound control

  • Authors: Eales, Andrew , Foss, Richard
  • Date: 2012
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/426890 , vital:72398 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/online/browse.cfm?elib=16432
  • Description: The Open Sound Control (OSC) control protocol does not have service discovery capabilities. The approach to adding service discovery to OSC proposed in this paper uses the OSC address space to represent services within the context of a logical device model. This model allows services to be represented in a context-sensitive manner by relating parameters representing services to the logical organization of a device. Implementation of service discovery is done using standard OSC messages and requires that the OSC address space be designed to support these messages. This paper illustrates how these enhancements to OSC allow a device to advertise its services. Controller applications can then explore the device‚Äôs address space to discover services and retrieve the services required by the application. The Open Sound Control (OSC) control protocol does not have service discovery capabilities. The approach to adding service discovery to OSC proposed in this paper uses the OSC address space to represent services within the context of a logical device model. This model allows services to be represented in a context-sensitive manner by relating parameters representing services to the logical organization of a device. Implementation of service discovery is done using standard OSC messages and requires that the OSC address space be designed to support these messages. This paper illustrates how these enhancements to OSC allow a device to advertise its services. Controller applications can then explore the device‚Äôs address space to discover services and retrieve the services required by the application.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

An evaluation of the postgraduate diploma in Enterprise Management at Rhodes University

  • Authors: Earle, Nicola Lynne
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: Rhodes University -- Curricula Education, Higher -- Curricula -- South Africa -- Evaluation Business education -- Curricula -- South Africa -- Evaluation Business education -- Study and teaching -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
  • Identifier: vital:1180 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002797
  • Description: This research is concerned with the development of entrepreneurship at higher education institutions (HEI). Entrepreneurship is very important in every country as there is a direct correlation between entrepreneurship development and economic growth (Hegarty, 2006). Entrepreneurship education is essential as it assists students who want to start up their own businesses by giving them the relevant skills and knowledge to have a successful business. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the Postgraduate Diploma in Enterprise Management (PDEM) within the Management Department at Rhodes University, Grahamstown. A qualitative approach was implemented which used an adapted version of the Context, Input, Process and Product Model (Stuffelbean, Mckee and Mckee, 2003). Data was collected in the form of interviews and focus group interviews. There were six lecturer interviews, one course coordinator interview and five past student interviews. There were two focus group interviews that took place; this was done so to gather data from seven current PDEM students. The data collected was then analysed through the use of qualitative data analysis techniques. These were sensing themes, constant comparison, recursiveness, inductive and deductive thinking and interpretation to generate meaning (Ruona 2005, cited in Swanson and Holton, 2005). The Management Department aims to equip students to think realistically in terms of starting their own business and to enhance the students’ knowledge and skills so that they are better able to find employment in the corporate and government sectors. The PDEM aims to be an action-learning course and to create an entrepreneurial environment which will encourage students to start up their own businesses. The role of the lecturers and the course coordinator is important as they need to ensure that there is a continuous transfer of knowledge to the students. Students are not expected to be specialists within each subject; however they need to have a basic grounding in order to run a business. Students felt that the Alpha Project was important and useful as it improved their confidence about starting a new business. An issue that was raised about the Alpha Project was that the separation of students into the Alpha Project groups was not executed well. The course was perceived to be disorganised however the students tended to enjoy it and felt that the Management Department was supportive of their businesses.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

Surface modifications of InAs: effect of chemical processing on electronic structure and photoluminescent properties

  • Authors: Eassa, Nahswa Abo Alhassan Eassa
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: Indium arsenide , Chemical processes , Photoluminescence
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8714 , vital:26423
  • Description: In this thesis, the effects of various chemical treatments on the surface modification of bulk InAs are investigated. The study focuses on the chemical processes that occur upon the exposure of the surface to sulphur-, chlorine- and bromine-containing solutions and oxygen, and the resulting changes to the electronic structure of the surface, as deduced from photoluminescence (PL) measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), Raman scattering and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three processing treatments were evaluated: i) treatment with sulphur-based solutions (Na2S:9H2O, (NH4)2S + S, [(NH4)2S / (NH4)2SO4] + S); ii) etching in halogen-based solutions (bromine-methanol and HCl: H2O); and iii) thermal oxidation. A significant overall enhancement in PL response was observed after chemical treatment or thermal oxidation, which is associated with a reduction in surface band bending. These changes correlate with the removal of the native oxide, in addition to the formation of well-ordered layers of In-S (or In-As)O as a passivating layer, indicating that electronic passivation occurs at the surface. The passivating effect on sulphide treated surfaces is unstable, however, with an increase in band bending, due to reoxidation, observed over periods of a few days. The lowest re-oxidation rate was observed for ([(NH4)2S / (NH4)2SO4] + S). Etching in HCl:H2O and Br-methanol solutions of appropriate concentrations and for moderate times (1 min) resulted in smooth and defect-free InAs surfaces. Etching completely removed the native oxides from the surface and enhanced the PL response. The adsorption of bromine and chlorine onto the InAs surface led to the formation of As-Brx , In-Brx, As-Clx and In-Clxcompounds (x = 1, 2, 3), as inferred from changes in the In 3d3/2; 5/2 and As 3d core level binding energies. The etch rate was found to decrease because of strong anisotropic effects. The improvements in surface properties were reversed, however, if the concentrations of the etchants increased or the etch time was too long. In the worst cases, pit formation and inverted pyramids with {111} side facets were observed. Surface treatments or thermal oxidisation significantly enhanced the PL intensity relative to that of the as-received samples. This was due to a reduction in the surface state density upon de-oxidation, or in some cases, to the formation of a well ordered oxide layer on the surface. The overall increase in PL intensity after treatment is ascribed to a reduction in band bending near the surface. This allows several welldefined peaks not observed or reported previously for bulk InAs (with a carrier concentration n~2x1016 cm-3), to be studied. A combination of PL and XPS measurements before and after the various treatments was used to identify the chemical nature of the impurities giving rise to bound exciton recombination in InAs (111).
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  • Date Issued: 2012

Josephine Baker: a psychobiographical study

  • Authors: Eckley, Shannon Rose
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: Adlerian psychology , Baker, Josephine , Psychology -- Biographical methods , Personality
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:9865 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1007850 , Adlerian psychology , Baker, Josephine , Psychology -- Biographical methods , Personality
  • Description: Psychobiographies examine an entire full life, from birth to death, with the aim of understanding the psychological development of that life. Psychobiographical research is a qualitative method of research, and is done by the use of both biography, and the application of relevant psychological theory. While the scientific merit of this type of research continues to be questioned and debated, interest in this area of research continues to grow on both a national, and international level. This particular research study aimed to explore the extraordinary and inspiring life of slave, dancer, singer, lover, soldier and mother, Josephine Baker (1906 – 1975), by applying Alfred Adler’s (1929) theory of personality namely, Individual Psychology. Josephine Baker was chosen by means of purposive sampling. The research study made use of a qualitative psychobiographical research method, which aimed to explore and describe the lived life and personality development of Josephine Baker, in terms of Alfred Adler’s (1929) theory of Individual Psychology. The data collection for this research study made use of a framework, as a means of selecting relevant data which formed a matrix, which in turn became a descriptive framework to organise and integrate the data (see Appendix A). The analysis thereof was done by the means of analytic generalisation (Yin, 1994). To assist in identifying salient data, analytical criteria namely, Alexander’s (1988) guidelines for the extraction of salient data were utilised (see Appendix B). This model also assisted in ensuring an accurate and complete description of Josephine Baker’s life in relation to the psychological theory used namely Alfred Adler’s theory of Individual Psychology. The findings of the study indicate that Josephine’s life paralleled Adler’s (1929) theory in many ways, and also indicated that the person she became was also strongly influenced by many familial, social, historical and cultural events of the time. This study has therefore shown that to date, there is still great value and relevance in Adler’s (1929) theory of Individual Psychology, even though it was proposed and developed almost a century ago. Consequently, recommendations regarding further psychiobiographical research in this area in the future have been made.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

Targeting conserved pathways as a strategy for novel drug development: disabling the cellular stress response:

  • Authors: Edkins, Adrienne L , Blatch, Gregory L
  • Date: 2012
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , book
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165129 , vital:41211 , ISBN 978-3-642-28174-7 , DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28175-4_4
  • Description: The ability to respond to and cope with stress at a molecular level is essential for cell survival. The stress response is conserved across organisms by the expression of a group of molecular chaperones known as heat shock proteins (HSP). HSP are ubiquitous and highly conserved proteins that regulate cellular protein homeostasis and trafficking under physiological and stressful conditions, including diseases such as cancer and malaria. HSP are good drug targets for the treatment of human diseases, as the significant functional and structural data available suggest that they are essential for cell survival and that, despite conservation across species, there are biophysical and biochemical differences between HSP in normal and disease states that allow HSP to be selectively targeted. In this chapter, we review the international status of this area of research and highlight progress by us and other African researchers towards the characterisation and targeting of HSP from humans and parasites from Plasmodium and Trypanosoma as drug targets.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

Differential regulation of monocyte cytokine release by αV and β2 integrins that bind CD23:

  • Authors: Edkins, Adrienne L , Borland, Gillian , Acharya, Mridu , Cogdell, Richard , Ozanne, Bradford W , Cushley, William
  • Date: 2012
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165153 , vital:41213 , DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03576.x
  • Description: The human soluble CD23 (sCD23) protein displays highly pleiotropic cytokine‐like activity. Monocytic cells express the sCD23‐binding integrins αVβ3, αVβ5, αMβ2 and αXβ2, but it is unclear which of these four integrins most acutely regulates sCD23‐driven cytokine release. The hypothesis that ligation of different sCD23‐binding integrins promoted release of distinct subsets of cytokines was tested. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sCD23 promoted release of distinct groups of cytokines from the THP‐1 model cell line.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

Normandy: A Framework for Implementing High Speed Lexical Classification of Malicious URLs

  • Authors: Egan, Shaun P , Irwin, Barry V W
  • Date: 2012
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427958 , vital:72476 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Ir-win/publication/326224974_Normandy_A_Framework_for_Implementing_High_Speed_Lexical_Classification_of_Malicious_URLs/links/5b3f21074585150d2309dd50/Normandy-A-Framework-for-Implementing-High-Speed-Lexical-Classification-of-Malicious-URLs.pdf
  • Description: Research has shown that it is possible to classify malicious URLs using state of the art techniques to train Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) using only lexical features of a URL. This has the advantage of being high speed and does not add any overhead to classifications as it does not require look-ups from external services. This paper discusses our method for implementing and testing a framework which automates the generation of these neural networks as well as testing involved in trying to optimize the performance of these ANNs.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

Resilience in children raised by grandparents: a systemic review

  • Authors: Ellemdeen, Hameeda
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: Children , Grandparents , Resilience (Personality trait) , Oraphans -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:9868 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1007917 , Children , Grandparents , Resilience (Personality trait) , Oraphans -- South Africa
  • Description: The placement of children in alternative care has become a critical challenge facing the nation. Established systems of care are unable to meet the increasing burden of caring for these children and to date extended family care is the most prevalent form of care for orphan and vulnerable children. Looking specifically at the prevalence of grandparent-headed households, this study focuses on the wellbeing and development of children who are placed in the care of their grandparents.The primary aim of the current study is to explore resilience in children raised by their grandparents. Central to the core of resilience in children is identifying elements that detract from their health and wellbeing (risk factors), while understanding those factors that moderate risk to their development (protective factors). A systematic review of existing literature was undertaken with the secondary aim of informing practice and policy regarding the care and placement of children in South Africa. Each primary study included in this review was appraised against best practice standards and salient themes and factors were extracted. The data was synthesized, integrated and applied to the context of child care policy in South Africa. Twelve themes emerged from the systematic review. With regards to protective processes, four broad themes emerged which were consistent with factors identified in literature in the development of resilience. These included a positive relationship with a caregiver, parenting style, providing a sense of continuity and belonging and the stability this placement offers. The remaining eights themes, related to risk factors were financial instability, relationship difficulties with their caregiver, intergenerational differences between grandparent and grandchild, poor caregiver health and wellbeing, ill-discipline and rigid parenting styles, educational difficulties,adverse past experiences of children and emotional difficulties. Based on these emergent themes, policy and intervention-focused recommendations were put forth with the aim of strengthening the capacity of grandparent-headed families to protect and care for orphans and vulnerable children.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

Peat formation in the context of the development of the Mkuze floodplain on the coastal plain of Maputaland, South Africa:

  • Authors: Ellery, William F N , Grenfell, Suzanne E , Grenfell, Michael C , Humphries, M S , Barnes, K , Dahlberg, S , Kindness, A
  • Date: 2012
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/144354 , vital:38338 , DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.11.009
  • Description: This paper examines the geomorphological and sedimentological development of blocked-valley lakes in the Mkuze floodplain on the coastal plain of Maputaland, northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Blocked tributary valley lakes north of the floodplain become progressively shorter, broader, and less linear toward the eastern (downstream) end of the east–west oriented Mkuze floodplain. Clastic sediment forms surface sedimentary fill in tributary valleys in the west, while peat predominates tributary valley fill in the east. Two contrasting adjacent tributary valleys were examined, the more western Yengweni dominated by clastic sediment at the surface, and the more eastern Totweni with peat.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

A process-genre approach to teaching argumentative writing to grade nine learners

  • Authors: Elson, Jillian Margaret
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: English language -- Rhetoric -- Study and teaching (Secondary) English language -- Writing -- Study and teaching (Secondary) Written communication
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: vital:1714 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003597
  • Description: This action research study aimed to improve teaching and learning of argumentative writing through a process-genre approach. Learners were carefully guided through the processes of writing the argumentative genre, with the focus being on teaching of the genre and on the structural conventions of writing arguments. Participants were a class of grade nine learners who speak English as a first language. They were chosen for this study as Grade Nine is a crucial year for writing development before learners enter the senior phase and are met with heightened expectations in the curriculum, that often they struggle to meet, as their writing has not been sufficiently developed to an academic level. The focus of writing in Grade Nine is on narrative and prose, so this writing intervention, in which a teaching module was developed in collaboration with the 1eamers, aimed to broaden their writing skills and provide them with a head start in leaming the fine art of argumentation, as this is a useful skill to acquire for purposes even beyond the classroom. Genre theorists advocate the importance of teaching genres to leamers at a young age, as it allows them access into different communities of discourse, as they become aware and understand the conventions held by a patiicular community, and realize the purpose of different styles of writing for effectively communicating, which prepares them to meet the expectations of their audience. Teaching the structures of different genres therefore allows the writer, and the audience, a framework for understanding the text. The process approach has been widely used by educators as it focuses on explicit teaching of writing processes that are fundamental to leamers' development in writing. Learners need to be carefully guided from the initial stages, to the more complex stages (especially in argumentative writing which has been deemed the most complex genre for learners to master) in order to understand the complexities of constructing an essay in a cohesive way, as they need to consider multiple aspects of writing, such as the linguistic features, rhetorical features and structural features of the genre and unify them into a sound argument. This takes time, practice and revision, and extensive feedback is required. The process-genre approach proved to be successful in this study, as leamers showed remarkable improvements in their writing from the initial stages of writing to the final drafts of their essays. The findings revealed that explicit teaching of genres and structural elements of writing is vital for ensuring learners' development. Learners require modelling of the genre, scaffolding and careful guidance through step-by-step processes in order to build confidence and express their ideas effectively in written text. The findings indicate the relevance of using the process-genre approach for teaching and learning and that teaching and learning writing is indeed a process that needs more time and practice that is cUiTently allocated in the curriculum.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

Private sector participation in renewable energy: a survey of listed companies in South Africa

  • Authors: Eno, Venessa Asik Awo
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: Renewable energy sources -- South Africa , Energy policy -- South Africa , Public-private sector cooperation -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:9114 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015636
  • Description: Although renewable energy technology has received much attention over recent years the depletion of known fossil fuel reserves and the volatility of international fuel prices require that society looks beyond the current coal-dominated electricity generation methods. Investment in renewable energy and energy efficiency is important to reduce the negative economic, social and environmental impacts of energy production and consumption in South Africa. Currently, renewable energy contributes relatively little to primary energy and even less to the consumption of commercial energy. The challenge of transforming entire economies is enormous, especially if a country is as fossil-fuel-based and emission-intensive as South Africa. However, as it is already facing climate change impacts in an increasingly carbon constrained world; South Africa must drastically reduce its greenhouse gas emission intensity soon. The South African electricity sector is a vital part of the economy and at the same time contributes most to the emission problem. Transforming this sector is therefore urgently needed. First steps have been taken to enhance energy efficiency and promote renewable energy, but they have failed to have any large-scale effects. The two major barriers to investments in renewable energy technologies are based in the South African energy innovation system and its inherent power structures and in the economics of renewable energy technologies. Subsequently the private sector will have to play a significant role in closing the human resources gap by providing funds and expertise. Furthermore, the creation of employment opportunities and actively promoting structural change in the economy are seen, especially in industrialized countries, as goals that support the promotion of renewable energy. Moreover, with more support and assistance from the government and partnership with the private sector will be of immense help to achieve renewable energy goals.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

The impact of multimodal forms of transport on a cargo carrier's liability

  • Authors: Etape, Nnane Roland
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: Containerization , Unitized cargo systems
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
  • Identifier: vital:10251 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020176
  • Description: International multimodal transport continues to grow exponentially, while the relevant international legal framework becomes increasingly fragmented and complex. The establishment of a widely acceptable uniform international legal framework for multimodal transport contracts has proven to be extremely difficult, in spite of the various attempts initiated by some international organizations. Owing to the increasing use of containers to consolidate cargo, multimodal transport practice has become inevitable in the field of international trade based on its numerous advantages over the traditional unimodal carriage practices. Therefore, the urgent need of an internationally legal instrument to govern liability issues arising from multimodal carriage transactions is highly requested by trading parties. This research, however, present the difficulties involve when trying to establish liability issues arising from multimodal carriage claims and the impact it has on contracting parties who are never certain on which regime their contracts are based, instead depends on already existing unimodal liability regimes to sort out their disputes. The strengths and weaknesses of the two most recent attempts at producing a uniform legal regime for multimodal transport namely: The United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods 1980 (The UN Convention of 1980) and The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea (The Rotterdam Rules) are also examined in this research as none of these attempts appears to be a tenable solution. However, in the absence of a truly accepted international uniform legal regime for multimodal transport contracts, some nations, regional and sub-regional laws and regulations on multimodal transport contracts have been initiated. Despite the recognition of the Rotterdam Rules in certain jurisdictions, it will probably fail to achieve the aim of uniformity as intended because it’s merely a “maritime-plus” Convention. With the continuous development of containerization, there is an imperative need to have a multimodal transport convention which is broad enough in scope to govern the rights and liabilities of all parties in a multimodal carriage contracts, including inland carriers and their contractors or sub-carriers (referred to as performing parties) in the new Convention.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

Investigating the feminist significance of Lars von Trier's representation of women in his Golden Heart Trilogy (1996/1998/2000) and Antichrist (2009)

  • Authors: Evans, Melissa Albie
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: Motion picture producers and directors , Feminism , Anti-feminism , Second-wave feminism , Trier, Lars von, 1956-
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:8409 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011634 , Motion picture producers and directors , Feminism , Anti-feminism , Second-wave feminism , Trier, Lars von, 1956-
  • Description: Despite critics‟ negative appraisal of Lars Von Trier's Antichrist (2009) for its ostensible misogyny, a deep thematic resonance exists between its representation of women as historical victims of patriarchal discourse, and the positive representations of women as Christ-like figures found in his Golden Heart Trilogy (1996/1998/2000). Arguably, it is important to recognize this, because these films together comprise an exercise in cinematic resistance to the narratives of the „backlash‟ against women's rights, thematized by Susan Faludi in her Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women; resistance which is undermined when these films are considered disparate or incongruous.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

Firm age, collateral value, and access to debt financing in an emerging economy: evidence from South Africa

  • Authors: Ezeoha,Abel , Botha, Ferdi
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/396060 , vital:69147 , xlink:href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC31367"
  • Description: This paper applies the Blundell and Bond system generalised method of moments (GMM) two-step estimator to examine the impact of age and collateral value on debt financing, using a panel of 177 non-financial companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange over the period 1999 to 2009. The results show that South African firms have target leverage ratios and adjust their capital structures from time to time to achieve their respective targets, that the relationship between firm age and debt financing is non-monotonic, and that firms with higher collateral value are likely to face fewer constraints on borrowing and therefore have greater access to medium-term and long-term debts. Robustness tests also reveal that during start-up and maturity stages, a firm's access to debt markets is significantly influenced by investments in assets that are acceptable to external creditors as collateral. These findings suggest that debt financing policies could be more critical for firms in the start-up and maturity stages.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

The efficacy of the United Nations in conflict resolution: a study of the response of the security council to the Darfur conflict in the Sudan

  • Authors: Fabrice, Tambe Endoh
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: Humanitarian law -- Sudan -- Darfur , Humanitarian assistance -- Sudan -- Darfur , Genocide -- Sudan -- Darfur
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
  • Identifier: vital:11119 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006233 , Humanitarian law -- Sudan -- Darfur , Humanitarian assistance -- Sudan -- Darfur , Genocide -- Sudan -- Darfur
  • Description: Sudan is located in the Northern part of the African continent and has a total land mass of 2.5 million square kilometres, with an estimated population of about 39.15 million people.1 Before the secession that established the South as an independent state from the North, Sudan was the largest country on the continent and hitherto was administered as a colony under the British mandate. From 1898 the United Kingdom (UK) and Egypt administered Sudan as an Anglo-Egyptian territory but North and South Sudan were administered as separate provinces of the condominium.2 In the early 1920s, the British passed the Closed District Ordinances which stipulated that passports were required for travelling between the two zones. Permits were also required to conduct business from one zone to the other, and totally separate administrations prevailed.3 However, in 1946 the British administration reversed its policy and decided to integrate North and South Sudan under one government. The South Sudanese authorities were informed at the Juba Conference of 1947 that they will be governed in the future under a common administrative authority with the north.5 From 1948, 13 delegates nominated by the British authorities represented the South in the Sudan Legislative Assembly. Many Southerners felt betrayed by the British as they were largely excluded from the new government. To them, it was a strategy by the British aimed at protecting their interest as far as colonial legacy is concerned.6 They complained that the language of the new government was Arabic and they were under represented. Of the eight hundred positions vacated by the British in 1953, only four were given to the Southerners. The political structure in the South was not as organized as that in the North and for this reason, political groupings and parties from the South were not represented at the various conferences that established the modern state of Sudan. As a result, many southerners did not consider Sudan to be a legitimate state. Although the Sudanese state was considered illegitimate by the Southerners, the Sudanese parliament unilaterally declared Sudan’s independence on 1st January 1956.8 Subsequently, the Arab-led Khartoum government reneged on promises it had made to Southerners to create a federal system. This led to a mutiny led by Southern army officers and sparked off a civil war after independence in 1956.9 Besides the issues highlighted above, the Abyei region of Sudan is rich in natural mineral resources and has been a bone of contention between the North and South. It has also affected Darfur negatively as most of the rebel groups involved in the Darfur conflict, like the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equity Movement (JEM), also seek for a share in the wealth of the region.10 However, before the June 2011 referendum, the UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon called for the Sudan to withdraw all police officers from the Abyei region of South Sudan.11 Although the referendum resulted in the Republic of South Sudan, separating it from the North which remains the Republic of Sudan, political views expressed by the provinces in the North region have further captured more attention from the international community.12 The quest for Arab domination is common in this area and, one among the leading regions that have fallen prey to this practice is Darfur
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  • Date Issued: 2012

Rebellious uniform

  • Authors: Farmer, Mark Ross
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: High school students -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Discipline Teenagers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Conduct of life Teenagers -- Education (Secondary) -- South Africa School discipline
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
  • Identifier: vital:2401 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002197
  • Description: In this thesis, I focus on adolescent teens at Kingswood College High School, where I am currently employed as a student assistant in Grahamstown. I form part of a networked hierarchy at Kingswood College whereby I am expected to perform duties which require me to uphold discipline, forge respect and act as a mentor to students. Within this complex role I am mindful of the power dynamics within the school and my focus is on how the students at Kingswood College in some instances challenge them. Regulations in regard to uniforms and in regard to the arrangement of each learner’s belongings insist on the sublimation/sacrificing of an individual identity in favour of an institutional one. Thus tiny departures from those norms, slight transgressions, might be understood as small rebellions which the boarder stages against disciplinary structures and the conformity demanded of him or her. I am particularly interested in these transgressions. In this thesis I attempt to unravel the complexities associated with such idiosyncrasies and how they play out amongst adolescent teens.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

The further development, optimisation and application of a Yarn Dismantler

  • Authors: Fassihi, Ali Akbar
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: Textile industry , Cotton yarn industry
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:10452 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1016066
  • Description: The fibre properties of cotton, which vary widely according to genetic and environmental conditions, determine its price and textile processing performance and product quality. It is therefore hardly surprising that cotton fibre properties are routinely measured for trading and quality control purposes, with a great deal of research having been, and still being, devoted towards developing instruments which enable the various fibre properties to be measured rapidly and accurately. In many cases, it is also necessary to be able to measure properties of cotton fibres when they have already been converted into yarn and fabric form. To do so, the yarn has to be dismantled into its component fibres, preferably without significantly changing the fibre properties. This could only be done by manually untwisting the yarn and carefully extracting the fibres from the untwisted yarn, care being taken not to break or lose any fibres in the process. This is a time consuming, laborious and labour intensive process. In view of this, a „yarn dismantler‟ which could automatically, cost effectively and within acceptable time frames, dismantle a cotton yarn into its constituent fibres, without undue damage or changes to the fibres, was developed and patented. This thesis reports the results of research undertaken to further develop, evaluate and optimize the yarn dismantler into the final prototype, as well as those relating to its practical applications, including tracking changes in fibre properties during miniature and pilot scale processing, up to, and including the yarn stage. Initial research undertaken on the original bench and first prototype models indicated that, although they produced very promising results, certain improvements and modifications were necessary, if the dismantler was to perform in an efficient and operator friendly manner at the required speeds. These included changes in the axial position of the untwisting spindle and the perforated screen of the suction drum, increasing the air suction at the perforated drum, installing a new motor for the untwisting spindle drive, separating the drives to the different parts of the unit in order to control them independently, integrating a more effective steaming unit into the unit etc. It was found that the dismantling rate had to be set to equal about 95 percent of the original twist in the yarn, and that steaming of the dismantled (untwisted) yarn on the perforated drum was necessary in order to eliminate any twist liveliness (residual torque) in the dismantled yarn, and enable it to be handled and tested on the AFIS instrument. When the final prototype Yarn Dismantler was produced, incorporating all the above mentioned improvements, it functioned very well at dismantling speeds of at least 2m/min, enabling the length of yarn required for subsequent AFIS testing to be dismantled within an acceptable time of less than 10 minutes, with excellent reproducibility and repeatability of results, also under commercial conditions. It was found that the AFIS measured length characteristics of fibres from the instrument dismantled yarns compared very well with those of fibres from manually dismantled yarns, differences in fibre length generally being less than 1mm, and it was concluded from these and other evaluation tests, that the yarn dismantler produced fibres without any significant fibre breakage. Some limited tests, carried out on commercially produced carded and combed yarns, indicated that short fibre content and dust and trash levels, as measured by the AFIS on fibres from dismantled yarn, together with the corresponding Uster Statistics, could enable a carded cotton yarn to be distinguished from a combed cotton yarn. Statistical analysis of fibre test results obtained at the different stages during miniature and pilot plant scale processing of various cottons, clearly showed that very significant changes in fibre properties could be caused by certain of the processes. For example, significant fibre breakage occurred during the drafting on the spinning frame, prior to twist insertion. The thesis provides detailed results of changes in various fibre properties, including length, short fibre content, maturity, immature fibre content, seed coat neps and fibrous neps, which occurred from the lint to the final yarn, as well as on the relationship between the properties of the fibres from the dismantled yarn and those from the lint. The results obtained have clearly demonstrated the practical value of the yarn dismantler in enabling yarns to be automatically dismantled into their constituent fibres, which can then be tested by an instrument, such as the AFIS, and the test results related to those of the original lint fibres, thereby opening up many fields of research and practical applications, some of which are captured under „Recommended Further Work‟.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

The protection and promotion of the rights of indigenous people in Africa: a case study of the Basarwa in Botswana

  • Authors: Ferim, Bonolo nee Matlho
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: Indigenous peoples -- Civil rights -- Botswana , Minorities -- Botswana , San (African people) -- Botswana
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA (Human Rights)
  • Identifier: vital:11101 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/554 , Indigenous peoples -- Civil rights -- Botswana , Minorities -- Botswana , San (African people) -- Botswana
  • Description: mnesty International (2009:1) reports that despite some progress over the last decade, indigenous peoples around the world continue to live in hardship and danger. This is due to the failure of states to uphold their fundamental human rights. The persecution of minorities by intolerant majorities is still a major cause of international unrest in various parts of the world (Sohn, 1981: 272). Against this backdrop, this study set out to investigate the extent to which the rights of the Basarwa in Botswana are promoted and protected by the government. Methods of data collection included questionnaire, interviews, books, journal articles and internet publications. The study found out that the government of Botswana does not promote and protect the rights of the Basarwa in Botswana. They are instead being considered as a primitive and backward people and hence, a developmental problem by the government of Botswana. Other violations of their rights include: non-recognition as the indigenous people of Botswana, derogatory names-calling, forced land evictions and other forms of social and economic exclusion. The study recommends the following: The need for the government of Botswana to recognise the Basarwa as a distinct and unique ethnic group in the country; the need for dialogue between the Basarwa, the government of Botswana and NGOs; the need for the government of Botswana to ameliorate the quality and accessibility of social services for the Basarwa, particularly in the areas of health and education; and the need for both the public and private sectors alike to provide the necessary skills for employment of the Basarwa.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

A data warehouse structure design methodology to support the efficient and effective analysis of online resource usage data

  • Authors: Ferreira, Cornél
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: Data warehousing , Electronic information resources
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:10486 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1016072
  • Description: The use of electronic services results in the generation of vast amounts of Online Resource Usage (ORU) data. ORU data typically consists of user login, printing and executed process information. The structure of this type of data restricts the ability of decision makers to effectively and efficiently analyse ORU data. A data warehouse (DW) structure is required which satisfies an organisation’s information requirements. In order to design a DW structure a methodology is needed to provide a design template according to acknowledged practices. The aim of this research was to primarily propose a methodology specifically for the design of a DW structure to support the efficient and effective analysis of ORU data. A variety of relevant DW structure design methodologies were investigated and a number of limitations were identified. These methodologies do not provide methodological support for metadata documentation, physical design and implementation. The most comprehensive methodology identified in the investigation was modified and the Adapted Triple-Driven DW Structure Design Methodology (ATDM) was proposed. The ATDM was successfully applied to the information and communication technology services (ICTS) department of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University as the case study for this research. The proposed ATDM consists of different phases which include a requirements analysis phase that was adapted from the identified comprehensive methodology. A physical design and an implementation phase were included in the ATDM. The ATDM was successfully applied to the ICTS case study as a proof of concept. The application of the ATDM to ICTS resulted in the generation and documentation of semantic and technical metadata which describes the DW structure derived from the application of the ATDM at a logical and physical level respectively. The implementation phase was applied using the Microsoft SQL Server integrated tool to obtain an implemented DW structure for ICTS that is described by technical metadata at an implementation level. This research has shown that the ATDM can be successfully applied to obtain an effective and efficient DW structure for analysing ORU data. The ATDM provides guidelines to develop a DW structure for ORU data and future research includes the generalisation of the ATDM to accommodate various domains and different data types.
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  • Date Issued: 2012

The distinction between types of commercial and residential property for value-added tax purposes in South Africa

  • Authors: Ferreira, Melanie
  • Date: 2012
  • Subjects: Property tax -- South Africa , Value-added tax -- South Africa , Tax assessment -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
  • Identifier: vital:8955 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008710 , Property tax -- South Africa , Value-added tax -- South Africa , Tax assessment -- South Africa
  • Description: It is important to distinguish between types of commercial and residential property for value-added tax (VAT) purposes. The reason for this is because the supply of residential property may be exempt from VAT in certain cases, whereas the supply of commercial property is a taxable supply. One of the aims of this treatise was to generate some characteristics that can assist vendors to distinguish between types of commercial and residential property for VAT purposes. SARS proposed numerous changes to the VAT Act with regards to fixed property in 2011. This treatise explains the reason for the changes made and also comments on them. Firstly, property developers previously had to account for an output tax adjustment when they changed the use of their property i.e. from a taxable use (selling the completed units) to a non-taxable use (renting the completed units as a residential dwelling). This „output tax adjustment‟ sometimes places developers in a financial dilemma, especially in times of an economic depression. SARS therefore provided „developers‟ as defined with a short term solution. This short term solution provides property developers with a 36 month temporarily relief period, before they have to account for the „output tax adjustment‟. Therefore, the new section 18B was proposed to assist property developers in times of an economic recession. Secondly, in the past a vendor who acquired a property from a non-vendor to make taxable supplies was allowed a notional input tax deduction, limited to the transfer duty paid. SARS has however "delinked VAT from transfer duty‟, which means that the notional input tax deduction will no longer be limited to the transfer duty paid. This change may benefit vendors as they may now be allowed a bigger input tax deduction. Furthermore, the treatise also compares the VAT treatment of the above issues to that of the goods and services tax treatment in New Zealand. The treatise concludes with a summary of all distinguishing characteristics identified and other findings noted.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2012
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