Experiences of young adults living with type 1 diabetes mellitus regarding self-management and lifestyle adaptation in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District
- Authors: Fayindlala, Meliswa Theodora
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Diabetes -- Treatment , Diabetes Lifestyles -- Health aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39818 , vital:35476
- Description: Living with type1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which is a challenging disease, is especially difficult during the young adult stage of development. This developmental stage is characterised as complex; difficult even for healthy individuals. There is an estimated worldwide increase of 415 million young adults living with T1DM, and this number is projected to rise to 642 million by 2040. Recent statistics indicate that this increase holds true for South Africa. T1DM has an early onset and is treated with insulin injections up to four (4) times a day. The management of T1DM is best achieved through self-management of an individual living with the disease as well as support from the health care providers, community, and the family. Young adults living with T1DM experience difficulties maintaining optimal blood glucose levels, ranging between four (4) and seven (7) millimoles, during this stressful transition period from childhood to young adulthood. Transitional actions include moving away from home for the first time to study at a tertiary institution, joining the work-force, or entering new relationships, such as getting married and becoming a parent. This phenomenon motivated the researcher to explore and describe the experiences of young adults living with T1DM regarding self-management and lifestyle-adaptation. The study followed a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual design. The research population included young adults living with T1DM between the ages of 18 and 25 years in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District, attending a diabetic clinic at a public tertiary hospital. Purposive sampling was utilised to select the 11 participants. A pilot study was conducted with one (1) participant before the main study commenced to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings. The researcher obtained data through semi-structured one-on-one interviews. Tesch’s method was used to analyse the research data. Once data were analysed; the findings underwent literature control. Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness was utilised to ensure that the study was trustworthy and credible which consists of the following four criteria: credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability. Ethical principles such as autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, and justice were considered throughout the study to ensure that participants do not experience any violations during the research study. The results of the data analysis revealed the following main findings: Participants had negative experiences in relation to T1DM. Participants shared their experiences in relation to achieving self-management of T1DM. Recommendations were made to assist registered nurses to manage young adults living with T1DM adequately. The study achieved its intended objective.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Exploration of breastfeeding mothers’ knowledge and attitudes toward human milk donation in Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Madlingozi, Nompumelelo Sibusisiwe
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Breast milk , Breastfeeding promotion Breastfeeding
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/31510 , vital:31499
- Description: The beneficial effects of breastfeeding for mothers and babies are well recognized. When maternal breast milk is not available in sufficient quantity, an alternative source of nutrition is donated breast milk, particularly for ill preterm and other high-risk infants. Therefore, it was important to explore the breastfeeding mothers’ knowledge as well as their attitudes toward human milk donation and the possibilities of enhancing it. The objectives of this study were to: • To explore and describe the breastfeeding mothers’ knowledge as well as their attitudes toward human milk donation in Nelson Mandela Bay. • To make recommendations to operational/unit managers and midwives, based on the findings of the study, in order to enhance and promote human milk bank donation in Nelson Mandela Bay. The study was conducted between November 2016 and January 2017, using a quantitative approach with an explorative, descriptive, and contextual design after obtaining the necessary approval from the university and relevant authorities. The research population consisted of breastfeeding mothers who were in maternity units in either a public or a private hospital in Nelson Mandela Bay. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from conveniently sampled participants by using set inclusion and exclusion criteria after obtaining the necessary informed consent. Data was captured by the researcher on a Microsoft Excel spread sheet and was reduced and analysed with the help of a statistician who used a software package called IBM SPSS Statistics 24 to ensure the efficacy of the results. One hundred and twenty questionnaires were distributed and 104 were returned, meaning that a response rate of 87% was achieved. From the research findings it was found that breastfeeding mothers in Nelson Mandela Bay do not know about human milk banking and donation. Breastfeeding mothers acknowledged the fact that they lacked information about human milk banking and donation. Furthermore, there are safety concerns regarding donated breast milk and all the breastfeeding mothers that were part of the study, had never used milk bank services. Based on these findings, recommendations for the incorporation of v breastfeeding and human milk bank services were made. Further recommendations were made on the inclusion of human milk services in the health education that is given during antenatal and postnatal care. The researcher used a literature control to ensure the validity and integrity of the study. Further, the quality of the study was maintained by observing the principles of reliability and validity. Ethical considerations were guided by the Belmont Report by adopting the principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Exploring schoolgoing teenage girls' knowledge regarding reproductive healthcare in the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Titus, Luzane Jesica , Rall, Nadine
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Reproductive health -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenage pregnancy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Midwifery -- Standards -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13702 , vital:27300
- Description: The increased rate of teenagers suffering from reproductive healthcare -related conditions is a global phenomenon. An estimated 16 million teenage girls aged between 15 and 19 years give birth every year with 95% of these births occurring in the developing countries. In South Africa one notes from recorded statistics that 20000 school going teenagers fell pregnant in South Africa during 2014. These statistics left many questions to be answered in terms of what information school going teenage girls do receive at school. Formally the current school curriculum in South Africa includes a subject around life skills orientation which is known as Life Orientation Programme and in which learners are introduced to reproductive healthcare from grade 7; but a persistent increase in the rate of pregnancies and sexually-transmitted infections amongst school going teenage girls is observed. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the knowledge of school going teenage girls regarding reproductive healthcare and services in the Eastern Cape Province. The objectives of this study were:-to determine and explore the knowledge of school going teenage girls regarding reproductive healthcare in the Eastern Cape Province; -to determine the nature of information given to school going teenage girls regarding reproductive healthcare through the school Life-Orientation programme; and,-based on the results of the entire study, develop guidelines that could assist the stakeholders in health and education professions in enhancing of knowledge regarding reproductive healthcare of school going teenage girls and improving their access to related services. A quantitative design with a descriptive, exploratory and contextual approach was used. A survey was conducted and the data -collection tool was a self-administered, structured questionnaire developed by the researcher with the assistance of the supervisor and the statistician. Validity and reliability were assured before data collection commenced. A convenience, non-probability sampling method was used to collect data from schoolgoing teenage girls that gave permission to participate and met the inclusion criteria of:- schools having school going teenage girls between the ages of 12 and 19 years in the Eastern Cape Province, - being within the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality areaand the Sarah Baartman district and -the schoolgoing teenage girls being in grades 10 to 12. Data was collected in September 2016 from a total of 314 teenagers who participated and returned the completed questionnaires. The data was captured by the researcher and analysed using a Microsoft excel programme created by the statistician for data - analysis purposes. STATISTICA Version 12 computer software application was used. The study results revealed that learners received some reproductive healthcare related education in Life-orientationprogramme lessons; but the information was seen as insufficient. Parents were telling them about their body development; but were not discussing reproductive healthcare issues with them. Participants did not know how to use the different methods of contraceptives correctly though they knew about the methods. Participants did not know about other signs of complications of reproductive healthcare as they did not know how to identify sexually-transmitted infections, breast and vaginal infections and related problems. Based on the above study results guidelines wasdeveloped as the necessary tool to facilitate the enhancement of schoolgoing girls’ knowledge regarding reproductive healthcare in the Eastern Cape Province. The study adopted the Belmont Report principles, namely, respect for persons, beneficence and justice, to enhance ethical considerations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Facilitated empowerment of midwives to enhance utilization of antenatal care services by pregnant women in the Mnquma sub-district in the Eastern Cape province
- Authors: Ngwanya, Thandi Rose-mary , Williams, Marie
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Prenatal care -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Prenatal education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Midwifery -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12517 , vital:27080
- Description: Background: Antenatal care is essential care that assists in maintaining a state of good health for the woman and her unborn baby. Globally the use of antenatal care services remains a challenge and this tendency is closely associated with maternal and neonatal mortalities and morbidities. South Africa has adopted a free service policy for pregnant women, their infants and for children up to the age of six. Despite this policy, the problem of limited utilisation of antenatal care services by pregnant women is still observed in this country and is associated with increased maternal and neonatal mortalities and morbidities.The purpose of the current proposed study was to explore and describe the reasons for limited utilisation of antenatal care services in the Mnquma sub-district, and to develop guidelines to assist the midwives to encourage the use of antenatal care services. Objectives:To explore and describe the reasons for the limited utilisation of antenatal care services by pregnant women at Mnquma sub-district.To explore and describe the knowledge of antenatal care services by the pregnant women.To develop guidelines to facilitate empowerment of midwives to enhance utilisation of antenatal care services by pregnant women in the Mnquma sub-district in Eastern Cape Province. The study was conducted in Mnquma sub-district during the months of July to January in 2016 using a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design. The research population were post-delivery women and the purposive sampling was used to identify women who met the stated criteria. One-on-one audio-taped semi-structured interviews were conducted and field notes were kept to justify some of the themes identified. Thirteen interviews were conducted and transcribed verbatim. Collected data was analysed using Tesch’s data analysis method. Trustworthiness was maintained through the standards of truth value, credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability. The ethical considerations of beneficence, justice, autonomy, non-maleficence and veracity were maintained. From the findings it emerged that the participants raised various concerns with regard to barriers influencing limited utilization of antenatal care services. The participants had limited knowledge of antenatal care services. Furthermore, participants recommended some solutions to enhance utilization of antenatal care services. Recommendations were made with regard to clinical practice, nursing education and nursing research. Guidelines were formulated to assist midwives to enhance the utilization of antenatal care services by pregnant women in the Mnquma sub-district in the Eastern Cape.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Factors affecting experiential learning for midwifery students at the public college of nursing in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Pama, Nomzekelo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Midwifery -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Midwives -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Nursing -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4524 , vital:28375
- Description: In nursing education, experiential learning is an important part of the curriculum and accounts for almost half of the requirements for the nursing programmes. A positive relationship with and collaboration between the training institutions and clinical placement facilities are vital for student achievement. Nurse educators are also expected to involve themselves in clinical accompaniment to bridge the theory-practice gap. Student nurses placed in midwifery clinical learning environments experience difficulty in meeting their experiential learning outcomes and programme requirements. Due to the overcrowded clinical facilities, they compete for the limited learning opportunities and resources which make the integration of theory and practice difficult. Therefore, this leads to delay in the commencement of community service by some of the nursing students as they do not graduate because of not achieving midwifery clinical outcomes and programme requirements. The purpose of the study is to assess factors affecting experiential learning for midwifery students at the public college of nursing in the Eastern Cape and the main objectives of the study were to: • Identify the challenges affecting the quality of learning in the clinical learning environment. • Determine the nature of supervision for experiential learning of midwifery students. • Determine the role of a nurse educator in the experiential learning of student nurses in midwifery clinical learning environment. Methods and analysis A quantitative, descriptive survey was conducted by making use of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher (CLES+T) evaluation scale. The CLES+T is a reliable and valid evaluation scale for the gathering of information on the clinical learning environment and supervision of student nurses. The CLES+T evaluation scale was completed by 115 student nurses within the selected sites. The CLES+T evaluation scale is subdivided into three main sections with additional sub-sections: (1) the learning environment (2) the supervisory relationship and (3) the role of the nurse teacher (lecturer).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Factors contributing to non-adherence in HIV positive patients on antiretroviral treatment in primary health care facilities, East London, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Petse, Siphokazi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Antiretroviral therapy -- Eastern Cape -- South Africa , Patient compliance , HIV-positive persons -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9734 , vital:34905
- Description: Aim: South Africa is faced with the major challenge of ensuring and sustaining the quality of services, including preventing and managing side- effects, and improving drug adherence, which are all critical, for the success of a comprehensive HIV programme. The aim of this study was to examine the underlying contributing factors to antiretroviral treatment adherence among HIV positive patients attending primary health care facilities in East London. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 371 HIV positive patients on antiretroviral treatment in xx primary health care facilities in East London, South Africa. The study utilized a self- designed structured questionnaire with both open- ended and closed ended questions, divided into socio-demographic, socio- economic, level of understanding and knowledge on HIV, quality of care and waiting times. Results: About 64 percent of the participants had a good knowledge of HIV, 25 percent had an average knowledge with few participants having poor knowledge of HIV (11 percent). Majority (92.2 percent) were counselled before starting ARVs treatment. Majority of participants (70.7 percent) do have money for transport to come to the clinic, while 53.1 percent experienced side effects. The majority (70 percent) of the participants were non-adherents. Concerning viral load distribution, 52 percent were undetectable, 26 percent unsuppressed and 22 percent suppressed. Marital status (married) (p=0.005), having no formal education (p=0.035), being Christian (p=0.007), alcohol consumption (p= 0.021) and viral load suppression had significant association with non-adherence to ARV treatment among participants. After adjusting for confounders, only non-Christians and unsuppressed viral loads were the independent predictors of non-adherence. Conclusion: The main contributing factors to ART non-adherence among participants on ARVs were marital status, level of education, religion, and Christians were more adherent to the treatment than non-Christians. Alcohol consumption also contributed to non-adherence and viral load. Adherence counseling should be done on each and every visit to remind the participants on the importance of taking their treatment. These factors need to be addressed to improve adherence to the treatment, decrease the virus in the blood (viral load) and improve their health in general.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Factors influencing adherence to treatment among clients living with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Insika Yethu sub-district, Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Somkala, Nwabisa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Diabetics Public health Diabetes -- Treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13161 , vital:39470
- Description: BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the problematic non-communicable diseases and is a major global public health challenge which affects more than 300 million individuals globally. It is predicted that by the year 2025, approximately 12.3 million South Africans will be receiving treatment for chronic conditions; included in that number will be those living with HIV and diabetes. An individual’s health behaviour is mainly determined by one’s demographic factors such as social, economic and cultural background. These influence people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus and have an impact on their treatment adherence. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to examine the economic, psycho-social and cultural factors influencing adherence to treatment amongst patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in order to inform public health policy concerning the treatment and management of diabetic patients. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive quantitative study involving 300 purposively selected clients attending health facilities in Intsika Yethu sub district of Chris Hani, Eastern Cape Province. A self-designed questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire focuses on demographic information (age, gender, marital status, level of education, employment status, number of dependents, duration of taking anti-diabetic medication and existence of other chronic conditions) and the knowledge and attitude of diabetic clients regarding anti-diabetic treatment adherence. Other sections of the questionnaire solicit information on economic, psychosocial and cultural factors affecting adherence to diabetic treatment. The questionnaire was tested in a pilot study in order to identify unclear questions, so that they can be rectified before the main study was conducted. FINDINGS: Based on the findings from the study, a total of 177 (59.0percnt) of the diabetic clients had hypertension and that showed the relationship between diabetes and hypertension. On the attitude session, respondents have shown a positive attitude towards treatment. Furthermore, other objectives such as those focusing on economic, cultural and psychosocial factors were found not to be associated with poor adherence to anti-diabetic treatment. According to respondents’ responses, economic factors showed no influence on treatment adherence. Socio-cultural factors indicated that respondents never missed social gatherings and never used traditional medication to treat their diabetes. On the knowledge section which had fourteen questions, most clients seemed to be aware of the complications of diabetes and the benefits of adhering to anti-diabetic treatment because the lowest score was 50percnt. DATA ANALYSIS: The data was captured in Microsoft Excel (MSEXCEL) for onward processing. Data was analysed using data analysis and statistical software version 14. (STATA). Frequencies and percentages were used for describing the categorical variables while mean and standard deviation were used for describing age, number of dependents, duration of illness and knowledge. An independent t-test was used to determine the differences between males and females across the variables. A p-value of 0.05 was of statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Economic, psychosocial and socio-cultural factors were not found to have impacted on adherence to treatment. These findings should not be generalised as the study was done on a small sample; further research and more studies need to be conducted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Guidelines for a therapeutic programme to address the mental health needs of adolescents being treated in a psychiatric hospital
- Authors: Smith, Lourett
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Teenagers , Psychiatric hospitals , Mental health facilities
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10036 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010963 , Teenagers , Psychiatric hospitals , Mental health facilities
- Description: It is estimated that about 10 million children and adolescents worldwide, annually suffer from psychiatric disorders. They often require hospital treatment because they are not coping with their psychiatric condition at home or there is a lack of supervision. Suicide amongst adolescents who are experiencing a crisis is a bleak reality. In-patient treatment provides the necessary structure and supervision in order to secure a stable environment which is vital for treating adolescents. Treatment usually includes a therapeutic programme provided by members of the multi-professional team. Since there is at present no adolescent in-patient treatment facility in the Nelson Mandela Bay to provide psychiatric care to adolescents who are experiencing a mental problem, these patients are admitted to psychiatric hospitals which cater only for the needs of adult patients or they are referred to facilities in other provinces. The goals and objectives of this study are firstly, to explore and describe the perceptions of mental health professionals working in psychiatric hospitals regarding what should be included in a therapeutic programme for adolescents and secondly, to develop guidelines for treating adolescents that can be implemented in psychiatric hospitals in the Nelson Mandela Bay. The study followed a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, contextual design. The research population included various professionals who provide services at psychiatric hospitals in the Nelson Mandela Bay. Purposive sampling was utilized. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect information-rich data and field notes were kept. The interviews were transcribed and Tesch’s eight steps of data analysis were followed to create meaning from the data collected. Themes were identified and grouped together to form new categories. An independent coder assisted with the coding process to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings. Literature was reviewed in order to identify research that was done previously regarding adolescent psychiatric in-patient programmes in order to bridge the gaps that were identified. The researcher ensured the validity of the study by conforming to Lincoln and Guba’s model of trustworthiness which consists of the following four constructs, namely, credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. The researcher ensured that the study was conducted in an ethical manner by adhering to ethical principles such as beneficence, justice and fidelity.
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- Date Issued: 2013
Guidelines for psychiatric nurses to assist in the care of female patients with bipolar disorder during their admission and stay in a tertiary level psychiatric facility in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Du Plessis, Anneki
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Psychiatric nurses -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Manic-depressive persons -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Psychiatric hospitals -- Admission and discharge -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10072 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021160
- Description: Bipolar disorder is the sixth leading cause of disability in the world among people aged 15-44. Bipolar disorder is a chronic psychiatric disorder with a significant impact on patients’ social, occupational, and general functioning well-being. Patients who are diagnosed with bipolar type 1 disorder are usually admitted to a psychiatric hospital as an involuntary patient which means that they will be cared for in a closed unit. In a critical analysis of the literature it was noted that not much is known of the experiences of patients in psychiatric wards. The researcher used a qualitative approach, with a phenomenological research strategy. An explorative, descriptive and contextual design was utilized to gain more insight into female patients’ lived experiences during their admission and stay in a tertiary level psychiatric institution. The research population was female patients who were diagnosed with bipolar disorder and who had recently experienced being admitted to and treated at a tertiary level psychiatric facility where they were treated for this condition. Purposive sampling was utilised to obtain the sample for the study. A pilot study was conducted before the study commenced to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings. The researcher obtained the data via semi-structured interviews as well as field notes and reflective journals. Data was analysed by using Tesch’s method as adopted by Creswell. Once the data had been analysed, a literature control was done in accordance with the findings. Guba’s model of trustworthiness was utilized to ensure that this study was trustworthy and credible. The researcher implemented ethical principles to ensure that no harm was done to the participants during the research study. Finally, guidelines were developed to assist professional nurses to manage patients optimally during their admission and stay in a closed unit of a tertiary psychiatric facility.
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- Date Issued: 2015
Guidelines for the responsible use of social media by nursing students
- Authors: Nyangeni, Thandolwakhe
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Nursing students , Social media
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10065 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020658
- Description: Social media use is becoming a popular activity among students at Nursing Education Institutions in South Africa, with Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Blackberry Messaging, Mxit and Google Plus being some of the social networking sites adopted for various reasons by nursing students. However, lack of accountability and unethical use of social media by nursing students in South Africa has been reported. Owing to the lack of accountability and unethical misconduct associated with the use of social media, guidelines for responsible usage are needed. A qualitative, descriptive, explorative and contextual research study was conducted to explore and describe the perceptions of nursing students regarding the responsible use of social media. Nursing students registered for the undergraduate nursing degree at a Nursing Education Institution in the Eastern Cape, South Africa were interviewed using a semi-structured individual interview method in order to elicit rich descriptions of their perceptions regarding the use of social media. The goal of the study was to develop guidelines for the responsible use of social media by nursing students. In phase one, the researcher explores and describes the perceptions of nursing students regarding the use of social media. In phase two, guidelines for the responsible use of social media by nursing students were developed, using the findings of the study. Tesch’s method of thematic synthesis was utilised to analyse the data. To ensure rigour and trustworthiness in the study, the researcher used Guba and Lincoln’s criteria, namely: credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability. To protect the rights and dignity of the participants and to safeguard the integrity of this study, the researcher complied with the following ethical principles: beneficence and non-maleficence, autonomy, justice, privacy, and confidentiality. Twelve in-depth, semi-structured interviews provided saturated data, which was then transcribed and coded to yield the major and sub-themes that were identified in this study. The information shared by the participants provided the basis for the development of guidelines for the responsible use of social media by nursing students, which are intended to provide guidance for legally and ethically acceptable social networking. Three themes that emerged from the data were: Nursing student’s lives are centred around social media, Nursing students experience blurred personal and professional boundaries and lack of accountability, and Students expressed a need for the guidelines for the responsible use of social media. Six principle guidelines focusing on accountable and ethically acceptable use of social media were developed. The study concludes with the recommendations regarding nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research. The limitations of the study were that data was collected from students in the undergraduate nursing degree programme and therefore the experiences of the nursing students in the postgraduate degree and diploma programmes regarding the use of social media are not known. The researcher depended solely on the story as told by the participants and did not get the opportunity to observe their social networking conduct, so the researcher made inferences based on the information that was supplied by students. The paucity of research in this topic made it a challenge for the researcher to find context-specific research articles for South Africa. Recommendations from this study could be used to influence further research aimed at establishing the effectiveness of the guidelines. The findings of this research study could also be used to influence policy making at national and provincial levels of government regarding the use of social media at healthcare facilities.
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- Date Issued: 2015
Infection control practices for the prevention of surgical site infections in the operating room
- Authors: Opadotun, Olukemi
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Surgical wound infections -- Prevention , Wounds and injuries -- Nursing , Operating room nursing , Surgical nursing , Evidence-based nursing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: vital:10050 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1017195
- Description: Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality during the post-operative phase of patients’ recovery. Wound infections are the second most commonly encountered type of nosocomial infection. Because wound infections can be introduced by not applying infection control measures and sterile technique principles in the operating room, the implementation of infection control principles is an imperative. The aim of this study was to explore and describe infection control practices related to the prevention of Surgical site infections in the operating rooms in a public health care sector in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. The findings were compared with practices, as indicated in an evidence-based guideline. The research design was quantitative, explorative, descriptive, comparative-descriptive and contextual in nature. The research sample consisted of all the professional nurses, in the operating room. The data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to present the data in the form of tables and graphs. Based on the analysis of the data, some recommendations were made for the implementation of infection control practices, in order to prevent Surgical site infections in the operating room.
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- Date Issued: 2014
Information needs of undergraduate nursing students at the point of care for clinical decision making
- Authors: Williams, Marie Rosalina
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Nursing students -- South Africa , Nursing -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Clinical competence -- South Africa Information services -- South Africa -- Students
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23315 , vital:30527
- Description: A need was identified to assess the perceptions of fourth year nursing students regarding the information required by undergraduate nursing students at the point of care for clinical decision making. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was used to conduct this study. The research population comprised of all fourth year nursing students who have been subjected to experiential learning in the various clinical areas during their four years of training. Data was collected by means of in-depth interviews from a purposively selected sample and then analysed using the steps of qualitative data analysis described by Tesch (1990). A pilot study was conducted prior to the main study to determine whether the sampling and interviewing techniques of the researcher as well as the research question, were adequate for data collection. Trustworthiness was ensured by utilising Guba and Lincoln’s (1985) strategies of credibility, dependability, transferability and conformability. Strategies to ensure respect for persons, beneficence and justice were implemented throughout the study. The findings of the study was categorised into two main themes. Theme one; Participants shared their various experiences regarding information needed at the point of care. This theme had five sub-themes which were discussed in detail in chapter three. The second theme was; Participants offered suggestions to address their information needs at the point of care. This theme had four sub-themes and was discussed further in chapter three. The study concludes with recommendations made to the Department of Nursing Science at the Institution where the study was conducted to address clinical practice, education and future research.
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- Date Issued: 2018
Knowledge and attitudes of women towards companionship during labour and childbirth at midwife obstetric units
- Authors: Sogcwayi, Lulama Princess
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Childbirth -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Childbirth -- Psychological aspects , Neonatal nursing , Midwifery , Obstetrics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44023 , vital:37093
- Description: Companions provide support to women during the antenatal, labour, delivery and post-natal period. During labour and delivery women experience much pain as well as fear, tension and anxiety. Companionship during labour and childbirth can take the form of physical, emotional and psychological support provided by a loved one. Literature suggests that companionship during labour and delivery has a positive influence on women’s birth experiences and improves neonatal outcomes and breastfeeding. Despite the benefits of companionship, however, it is still found to be an uncommon practice in the midwife obstetric units (MOUs) in South Africa and elsewhere. The objectives of the study were to determine: the knowledge of women regarding companionship during labour and childbirth at MOU facilities in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District (NMBHD) and the attitudes of women towards companionship during labour and childbirth at MOU facilities in the NMBHD.bmake recommendations to the NMBHD and MOU managers in order to enhance the practice of companionship during labour and childbirth. Ethical approval and permission were obtained from the relevant authorities prior to commencement of data collection of the study. Convenience sampling was used to select women from the target population. The research design was quantitative and descriptive. Questionnaires were used to collect data from delivered women at the five MOUs in the NMBHD. Data was collected from 130 delivered women at the five MOUs in the NMBHD between 4th December and 31st December 2018. Descriptive statistical analyses were utilised to analyse the collected data. Most delivered women 65.4% at MOUs in the NMBHD indicated they had knowledge about companionship during labour and childbirth. Majority of women 77.6% perceived companionship during labour and childbirth to be of importance. Some women were not aware of the purpose of companions as most women 39.2% disagreed that companions shorten length of labour, 45.8% agreed that companions monitor the progress of labour, 32.3% agreed that companions conduct deliveries. Most women 77.7% disagreed that companions as unhelpful, 65.4% are disruptive and 81.6% are affected by culture. However, 46.2% of the women in the study had no companion present during labour and childbirth, 56.2% preferred the presence of a female companion. Conclusions were made based on the research findings, that there is a need to educate and increase awareness to women regarding companionship during labour and childbirth so that they are more knowledgeable, and in order to strengthen the practice of companionship. Recommendations were made for more educational programmes to be available in antenatal services to increase awareness and enhance knowledge of women about companionship during labour and childbirth. Health educators need to conduct seminars, regular in-service training and include the concept of companions in the curriculum for midwifery students. Policies should be made available in the MOUs regarding companions, brochures or leaflets should also be available and accessible in all languages for the community to enhance awareness on the benefits of having a companion. Maternity registers should include information about companions in order to monitor the practice of companionship at the MOUs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Knowledge and practices of primary health care professional nurses: screening and identification of intimate partner violence
- Authors: Felix, Rehanna Theresa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Marital violence -- South Africa -- Psychological aspects , Nursing -- Social aspects Primary health care -- Research -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/29816 , vital:30781
- Description: Intimate partner violence is a global concern that affects most countries. In South Africa women are mostly affected by intimate partner violence, which often results in physical injuries or mental disorders. The World Health Organization compiled guidelines to combat the problem of intimate partner violence against women with emphasis on screening for intimate partner violence. However, a screening tool to identify intimate partner violence in female patients was absent in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District, resulting in cases of intimate partner violence being unidentified. The aim of the research study is to determine the knowledge and practices of professional nurses regarding intimate partner violence and to introduce the use of an intimate partner violence screening tool in primary healthcare facilities to assist professional nurses to identify intimate partner violence. The objectives were firstly, to determine the current knowledge and practices utilized by professional nurses to identify intimate partner violence; secondly, to introduce an intimate partner violence screening tool to identify intimate partner violence; thirdly, to evaluate the knowledge of the professional nurses obtained in the educational session and practices post-implementation of the intimate partner violence screening tool. The researcher conducted a small intervention research study using quantitative, quasi-experimental one group pre-and post-test design. An all-inclusive sample consisting of professional nurses working in primary healthcare facilities in Nelson Mandela Bay Health District was included in the study. The research study was conducted in three phases: Phase one, the pre-test determined the current knowledge and practices of the professional nurses to identify intimate partner violence. Phase two, entailed educational sessions to educate professional nurses that participated in Phase one regarding intimate partner violence and the intimate partner violence screening tool. Phase three, focused on the post-test to evaluate the knowledge of the professional nurses obtained in the educational session and practices post-implementation of the intimate partner violence screening tool. The data was analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics with assistance of the statistician using frequency distribution, central tendency, Chi-square, t-test, Cohens’d and Cramér’s V and Cronbach’s alpha. The researchers ensured reliability and validity throughout the study. The researcher applied the ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence iii and autonomy, as well as privacy and confidentiality. Ethical permission was obtained for the study. The response in the pre-test was (n1=128) and the post-test (n2=63). Most participants were between the ages of 41-50 years in both the pre-test (n1=40, 31%) and the post-test (n2=63, 33%). The majority of the participants worked more than 15 years as professional nurses (n1=47, 37%) in the pre-test findings and 11-15 years (n2=19, 30%) in the post-test findings. All the participants were trained in general nursing science in the pre-test (n1=128, 100%), as well as post-test (n2=63, 100%) and the majority of participants were trained in community nursing science in the pre-test (n1=106, 83%) and post-test (n2=58, 92%). However, the majority of participants have indicated to receive no informal intimate partner violence training in the pre-test test (n1=11, 9%) versus the informal training that most participants received in the post-test (n2=50, 79%). Tests scores for knowledge ranged between 29% (n1=37) and 29% (n1=120) in the pre-test and 27% (n2=17) and 94% (n2=59) in the post-test. Test scores for practice ranged between 7% (n1=8) and 46% (n1=59) in the pre-test and 10% (n2=6) and 65% (n2=41) in the post-test. The mean score for knowledge in the pre-test (n1=8,17) and the post-test (n2=8,83) were better than the practice scores in both the pre-test (n1=2,44) and the post-test (n2=2,68). The 20-minutes’ educational session made a slight difference regarding the knowledge as statistically a significant difference was found regarding knowledge between the pre-test and post-test (d.f.=,204; Cohens’d 0.29). However, there is still a gap in knowledge among professional nurses regarding IPV in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District. Further recommendations for practice, research and education were given.
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- Date Issued: 2018
Knowledge and responsibility regarding teaching teenage girl’s reproductive healthcare: views of Eastern Cape Province teachers
- Authors: Hendricks, Thenjiwe
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Reproductive health -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenage pregnancy -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth High school teachers -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30094 , vital:30824
- Description: Teachers play a vital role in educating and teaching of children at school. One of the areas for teaching responsibility is development of the individual learner to be a competent community member, either as a professional or as an otherwise- skilled person. It is therefore for that reason that the South African government introduced into the curriculum at school level a subject that is directed at life orientation to empower learners. Teachers bear the responsibility of teaching this subject. One of the topics in the Life Orientation subject is Reproductive Healthcare, which is supposed to empower the learners especially with matters of sex and sexuality, diseases included. Despite the teaching of this topic in schools, the rate of teenage pregnancies and occurrence of sexually -transmitted infections remains on the increase in the country. Although much literature exists about teenage pregnancy in the country, there is theoretical paucity on how teachers view their responsibility to teach reproductive healthcare. The questions that prompted and have been raised in this study have been: How much do school teachers know about reproductive healthcare? How do school teachers view the responsibility given to them of teaching the reproductive healthcare? What kind of assistance is needed by the school teachers with regard to their responsibility towards teaching the reproductive healthcare topic? The objectives developed for the study were to: explore the knowledge of school teachers with regard to reproductive healthcare; explore and describe the views of school teachers with regard to their responsibility to teach the reproductive healthcare topic to teenage girls ;and develop guidelines for schools to assist school teachers with regard to their responsibility to teach the reproductive healthcare topic to teenage girls. Following the granting of the necessary university permission and approval from other relevant authorities, the study was conducted between May and June 2017, using a qualitative explorative, descriptive and contextual design. The research population and sample was school teachers specifically those who were working at public high schools, in the Sarah Baartman and Makana districts and Nelson Mandela Bay Municipal area. Furthermore, the teachers were from schools that were using the Life Orientation curriculum. Sampling was done purposively. Data was collected by means of focus-group semi-structured interviews that were captured by means of a digital voice-recorder and an interview schedule consisting of four questions. The number of participants ranged from four to five per focus group. Field notes were also written down to record non-verbal cues and events observed from the participants during the interview sessions. Altogether twenty teachers participated in this study. From the twenty participants six teachers were part of the pilot study and an additional fourteen were the ultimate sample size. From the fourteen participants four focus -group interviews were conducted. The collected data was analysed following the spiral data -analysis method as indicated by de Vos. As findings, three themes emerged and were the following. Teachers view their responsibility to teach reproductive healthcare to teenage girls as burdensome. Teachers identified the changes to the curriculum as a concern that was affecting their teaching of the topic. Furthermore, the teachers related positively to the need for teaching of the reproductive healthcare topic at schools. Based on these findings and the guidance of the model adopted for the study, that of the Health Promotion Model, three main guidelines were developed. These guidelines will teachers on how best to meet their responsibility of teaching the reproductive topic to teenage girls. The guidelines were to: create a set of core values that form the basis of responsibility to teach reproductive healthcare to teenage girls; devise a plan that will assist participants to deal with the immediate burden of teaching reproductive healthcare but also for future purposes and create an atmosphere that would increase the positivity of teachers towards teaching reproductive healthcare to teenage girls. Furthermore, recommendations for clinical nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research were developed. Trustworthiness of the study was maintained by using the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Ethical principles adopted in this study were those of beneficence, maleficence, justice and respect while applying the strategies of permission, informed consent, privacy, confidentiality and anonymity.
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- Date Issued: 2018
Knowledge of midwives at Community Health Centres and Midwife Obstetrics Units in the Nelson Mandela Bay regarding the use of the Road-to-Health Chart
- Authors: Dumisani-Ndlovu, Sidumisile Charity , Sonti, Balandeli S I , James, S
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Children -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality -- Growth , Midwifery -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21692 , vital:29733
- Description: The challenge of child mortality between the ages of 0 and 5 years has extensively increased over the past few years. Furthermore, the ever-evolving and complex consequences of ineffective monitoring of children’s growth and development have been identified as one of the reasons for this increase in child mortality. The Road-to-Health Chart was developed and redesigned for use by child nurses and midwives to monitor children’s growth and development. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the midwives at community healthcare centres in the Nelson Mandela Bay area had the necessary knowledge to utilise the Road-to-Health Chart effectively. Permission to conduct the study was sought from the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, the Department of Health and the participants. A quantitative, non-experimental descriptive survey was used in this research. The population consisted of all the midwives working in the Midwife Obstetric Unit and community healthcare centres within the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipal area. The sample was extracted from the targeted population but from willing participants that met the inclusion criteria. The research data-collection method was a self-developed questionnaire with closed-ended statements to measure the knowledge of how effectively the midwives in the Nelson Mandela Bay area were using the RTHC. The researcher ensured the validity of the questionnaire by focusing on the instrument’s validity, construct validity, content validity and face validity. Ethical considerations, including permission, informed consent, confidentiality and anonymity, were adhered to. The most significant findings showed that midwives at CHCs and MOUs in the Nelson Mandel Bay area were knowledgeable about the importance of the RTHC to the mother and child and the use of the RTHC. These findings may assist in the identification of measures to enhance the knowledge of midwives about the use of the RTHC thus ultimately facilitating the use of the RTHC by mothers as intended.
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- Date Issued: 2017
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of adolescents regarding contraceptives in the Maluti sub-district
- Authors: Cingo, Andiswa Linda
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Contraceptives -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Teenagers -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Teenagers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Attitudes Adolescence -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15302 , vital:28217
- Description: The researcher observed a high incidence of pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections and abortions, including illegal abortions among adolescents in the Maluti Sub-District in the Eastern Cape Province. The researcher noted when speaking to the adolescents about contraceptives that they appeared to have a lack of knowledge as well as some misconceptions about contraceptives. The study therefore explores the knowledge, attitudes and practices of adolescents regarding contraceptives. To achieve the purpose of this study, a quantitative, explorative and descriptive survey was used to conduct this study. The research population in this study comprised all Grade 11 and 12 female adolescents enrolled at the selected senior secondary schools in the Maluti Sub-District. Simple random sampling was used to select the research sample. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used with the help of a statistician to analyse the data. A pilot study was conducted prior to the actual study being conducted, using the same design and research methods. The study findings revealed that participants had a low level of knowledge about contraceptive methods and there were some misconceptions regarding contraceptives prevailing among the participants. More than half (54%) of the participants are currently sexually active and less than a third of the participants indicated that they were using contraceptives The study concludes with recommendations for nursing practice, education and research. Ethical principles have been maintained throughout the study.
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- Date Issued: 2017
Knowledge, attitudes and practises of professional nurses working with patients with tuberculosis in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District
- Authors: Nxumalo, Avela
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Tuberculosis -- Patients -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Tuberculosis -- Treatment -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality Primary health care -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Professional Nursing -- Dissertations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33715 , vital:32994
- Description: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems worldwide, and includes the development of drug resistant TB. Tuberculosis is reportedly the second most common infectious cause of death worldwide and thus a global threat. In 2014, 9.6 million people were estimated to have TB and 1.5 million people died of the disease worldwide. South Africa is one of the African countries with the highest burden of TB with 1% of the population of about 50 000 000 who develop the TB disease each year. The research study explored and described the knowledge, attitudes and practices of professional nurses working with patients with TB in primary health care clinics in the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District (NMBHD). A quantitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was used to operationalise the research objectives. The target population comprised professional nurses in primary health care clinics. Consecutive sampling, a type of non-probability sampling, was used in this study. Descriptive data analysis was applied to analyse and describe the data using the data analysis software programme Statistica Version 11. The majority of the participants (99%) had a high level of knowledge about the cause of TB as well as the question about contracting TB (94.9%). On the TB diagnostic tests: biopsy and sputum culture and sensitivity scored the lowest (22.2% and 36.4% respectively). Regarding the duration of TB treatment and the drug used to prevent TB most participants responded positively (97% and 91.9% respectively). Most of the participants had a positive attitude regarding TB (79.8%) confirming their willingness to wear masks although it makes them uncomfortable. Furthermore, most participants (99%) would like to be screened for TB if they have signs and symptoms suggestive of TB. The majority of participants (99%) responded positively to completing TB treatment if they were to be diagnosed with TB. The practices of professional nurses regarding TB were generally low (18.2%) in the areas of when to wear a mask, ventilation in the clinics and infection control. The results are displayed graphically using bar graphs and tables. Recommendations to the NMBHD were made and also for nursing practice, education, and research. Ethical principles have been maintained throughout the study.
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- Date Issued: 2018
Lived experiences of people living with HIV and hypertension with regard to disease management in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Tokwe, Lwandile
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: HIV-positive persons -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Hypertension -- South Africa -- Treatment Chronic diseases -- Treatment Patient compliance Public health
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/43765 , vital:37045
- Description: Globally, approximately 36.9 million people in 2017 were reported to be living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) across the world. In South Africa, 7.52 million people in 2018 were reported to be living with HIV. In light of the increased life expectancy among people living with HIV (PLWH), which is attributed by availability and enrolment to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) compound the management of HIV in PLWH. South Africa is encountering a burden of communicable diseases and NCDs, in particular, the co-morbidity of HIV and hypertension (HTN). The aim of the study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of people living with HIV and HTN with regard to disease management in the Eastern Cape. Qualitative research design was used and amongst its methods, Husserl’s descriptive phenomenological method was utilized to explore the lived experiences of the participants. The Health Belief model was the theoretical framework that underpinned the study. The study was conducted at Sakhisizwe sub-district located in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The target population were adults living with HIV and HTN who were accessing care from Primary Health Care (PHC) clinics and who met the researcher’s inclusion criteria. A purposive sampling method was used and nine participants were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using Giorgi’s (1985) phenomenological method of data analysis which facilitated the emergence of the themes from the data. Four themes and 14 subthemes emerged. The participants reported that they experienced illness-related stigma, support of different influential people, self-love in the form of taking ownership of the diseases, experience of creating self-care practices and transforming lifestyle modification behaviours. Recommendations for clinical practice were made to support the professional nurses in the management of the HIV and HTN in the PHC setting. The study findings reflected the lived experiences of the patients of the selected setting and was conducted only in one province rather than in the entire South Africa.
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- Date Issued: 2019
Lived experiences of professional nurses caring for mechanically ventilated patients
- Authors: Else, Liana
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Respiratory intensive care , Respiratory therapy , Respirators (Medical equipment) , Artificial respiration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCur
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8295 , vital:26320
- Description: Critical care nursing is a speciality that continues to evolve and transform. Critical care nurses of the 21st century routinely care for the complex, critically ill patient, integrating sophisticated technology with the accompanying psychosocial challenges and the ethical conflicts associated with critical illness – while, at the same time, addressing the needs and concerns of the family. Providing nursing care in such a dynamic and fast-track unit can pose various challenges for the critical care nurse. Professional nurses are the backbone of any health-care system. The quality of nursing directly affects the patients’ outcomes, and nursing care must therefore be rendered meticulously. Mechanical ventilator support is routinely needed for critically ill adults in these care units and is also a common therapy in sub-acute and long-term care settings. The care of the mechanically ventilated patient is the core of a professional nurse`s practice in the critical care unit. The mechanically ventilated patient presents many challenges for the professional nurse, while the critical care unit poses as a stressful environment for the professional nurse as well as the patient. The objectives of this study therefore were to explore and describe the lived experiences of professional nurses while caring for mechanically ventilated patients, and to develop recommendations to support professional nurses while caring for mechanically ventilated patients. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was utilised. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews and analysed according to the framework provided by Tesch. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample of professional nurses working in a critical care environment. Guba’s model was utilised to verify data and to ensure trustworthiness of the study. Ethical principles were adhered to throughout this research study. With the analysed data, recommendations were to support professional nurses while caring for mechanically ventilated.
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- Date Issued: 2015