An investigation into the nature of mathematical connections selected grade 7 teachers make when teaching fractions : a Namibian case study.
- Authors: Amupolo, Loide M
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching -- Namibia , Fractions -- Study and teaching -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2016 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016374
- Description: The general understanding of mathematics as a subject and its implications is, in reality alarmingly low. Evidence of this is evident in learners’ performance and their reaction towards the subject. Fractions as a domain of Mathematics are no exception. The majority of the learners do not learn Fractions comfortably. The causes of this may be varied. However, it is believed that one way of ensuring meaningful teaching and learning is to make use of appropriate connections. The significance and the important role of the teacher in making mathematical connections in learning for understanding are well documented in the literature. This study focuses on the nature of mathematical connections selected Grade 7 teachers make when teaching Fractions, as well as their perceptions of the importance of making such connections. This qualitative case study was conducted in three schools in the Oshana region. The purpose was to investigate how mathematics teachers make connections in fractions. Underpinned by an interpretive paradigm, the study made use of observations and interviews to generate data. The framework borrowed from Businkas’ (2008) study was used in analysing and coding the nature of connections used in the lessons observed. An individual conversation on the nature and perceptions of the connections made in the observed lessons was undertaken with each teacher followed by a focus group discussion that aimed at analysing deeper perceptions on connections. The main findings of the study revealed that teachers made use of all the different types of connections as per Businkas’s framework. The frequency of occurrence showed that Instruction-Oriented Connection and Multiple Representation connections topped the list of connections used. Teachers pointed out that connections to prior knowledge and making multiple representations were most significant, as they related to learners’ existing knowledge and pointed to different ways of solving a problem. The teachers were, however, not familiar with the other connections identified as this was their first experience of interrogating connections. They, however, agreed on the importance of making those connections. The teachers agreed that meaningful connections indeed helped with their conceptual understanding of Mathematics. They believed that connections can increase learners’ interest in school and help reduce negative views of fractions, in particular, and mathematics in general. However, they felt that the limited number of resources, poor teaching approaches and the inability of creating fraction sense may hinder them from making appropriate connections.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Amupolo, Loide M
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Study and teaching -- Namibia , Fractions -- Study and teaching -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2016 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016374
- Description: The general understanding of mathematics as a subject and its implications is, in reality alarmingly low. Evidence of this is evident in learners’ performance and their reaction towards the subject. Fractions as a domain of Mathematics are no exception. The majority of the learners do not learn Fractions comfortably. The causes of this may be varied. However, it is believed that one way of ensuring meaningful teaching and learning is to make use of appropriate connections. The significance and the important role of the teacher in making mathematical connections in learning for understanding are well documented in the literature. This study focuses on the nature of mathematical connections selected Grade 7 teachers make when teaching Fractions, as well as their perceptions of the importance of making such connections. This qualitative case study was conducted in three schools in the Oshana region. The purpose was to investigate how mathematics teachers make connections in fractions. Underpinned by an interpretive paradigm, the study made use of observations and interviews to generate data. The framework borrowed from Businkas’ (2008) study was used in analysing and coding the nature of connections used in the lessons observed. An individual conversation on the nature and perceptions of the connections made in the observed lessons was undertaken with each teacher followed by a focus group discussion that aimed at analysing deeper perceptions on connections. The main findings of the study revealed that teachers made use of all the different types of connections as per Businkas’s framework. The frequency of occurrence showed that Instruction-Oriented Connection and Multiple Representation connections topped the list of connections used. Teachers pointed out that connections to prior knowledge and making multiple representations were most significant, as they related to learners’ existing knowledge and pointed to different ways of solving a problem. The teachers were, however, not familiar with the other connections identified as this was their first experience of interrogating connections. They, however, agreed on the importance of making those connections. The teachers agreed that meaningful connections indeed helped with their conceptual understanding of Mathematics. They believed that connections can increase learners’ interest in school and help reduce negative views of fractions, in particular, and mathematics in general. However, they felt that the limited number of resources, poor teaching approaches and the inability of creating fraction sense may hinder them from making appropriate connections.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Research portfolio
- Authors: Amweenye, Fares Frans
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Education -- Namibia Educational change -- Namibia College teachers -- Training of -- Namibia Curriculum planning -- Namibia Teaching -- Namibia Universities and colleges -- Curricula
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1730 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003613
- Description: What is the portfolio and what are its purposes? I must define the portfolio as a summative document bearing the valuable experiences learned in a particular course of study. In this context, portfolio can be viewed as a selective entity that represents the level of learning, in terms of academic/professional growth and development, attained in one's participation in a particular course of study such as this Master one I have been attending. Portfolio can be educationally utilized to reflect and evaluate one's learning. As one goes throughout paging, one locates the level of learning achieved in terms of anticipated knowledge, understanding, and experiences, skills and attitudes or overly learning competencies. The level of development one has gone through in attempts to respond to the expected learning outcomes surface out more easily. And if further learning be conducted, the portfolio must as well shows the ways ahead. With these few words, I have attempted to present the portfolio as a useful tool that represents the level of advancement attained in learning. This portfolio comprises of my educational partaking in Rhodes University's master program (theory and practice, in particular what and how I have gained from that program participation. It may also present what I cold not learn. The arrangement of the portfolio contents assumes a progressive procession, being structured in terms of the assignments taken. There are five pieces of assignments in this research portfolio. The first assignment is a contextual analysis of the Education Theory and Practice (ETP) curriculum of our current teacher education program, namely Basic Education Teachers' Diploma. It looks at the theoretical framework that informs and shapes everyday teaching and learning practices, particularly the degree to which we have been able to implement the theoretical perspectives into operational practices. To this is how our college is equipped with the technologies necessary for possible practices of the curriculum. The other emphasis focuses at the historical backgrounds that necessitated the undertaking of the BETD as an instrument of reforming and transforming the basic education rightly at the independence. The other area is on the question of how the curriculum or program intakers, the entering students, have been prepared to consume the curriculum program. Since the program has been as well designed to address and meet the four major national goals of education for all, another part has been focused on these goals so far as to locate the degree of attainment. The second assignment is about contrasting and comparing the two main held dominant worldwide views of knowledge- namely behaviorism and constructivism. Each branch of knowledge is looked at firstly with particular attentions paid to its own individual versions of knowledge and its development and acquisition. The other focuses examine which base seems to offer better explanations of what knowledge is and how it can best be constructed and acquired in any educational setting. The third assignment is that of literature review. I have chosen action as an area that I would be interested in exploring much further. Action research is what eventually became a part of my research proposal in which I would research on how our college students carry out their action research projects to examine their own classroom makings. It has been therefore important to read what others have written about this field and locate the lessons that can be illuminated on our own curriculum context. The literature review paves the way to the research proposal. The research proposal or a research plan as I would often call it, sets the context, purpose, theoretical position and information gathering methods under which the research process will take place. The research proposal has thus been the navigating compass despite the that realities as the practical journey itself took off some deviation unavoidably came in as necessitated by the underlying research process itself. The research proposal finally accumulates into the sought, the final assignment. A critical view illustrates that this piece is actually another contextual inquiry like the first work only that this is viewing our supposed curriculum outcomes: our students, our products and how they have been equipped to carry out the research. Their research, with its successes and shortcomings, I have concluded, firmly serves to reflect the kind of education delivered from our teacher colleges. The portfolio contents also demonstrate the course orientation: focusing on one's professional field. At end, I see this research portfolio as myself, a mirror that reflects my academic and professional participation in Rhodes University's world and its vision and mission expresses in the theme of where leaders learn. It thus represents the personal, academic and development accomplished throughout this Masters' course. In the other way around, I see it as reflecting what Rhodes can offer as from when the prestigious Augustana College, my American institution, has prepared after its boundaries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Amweenye, Fares Frans
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Education -- Namibia Educational change -- Namibia College teachers -- Training of -- Namibia Curriculum planning -- Namibia Teaching -- Namibia Universities and colleges -- Curricula
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1730 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003613
- Description: What is the portfolio and what are its purposes? I must define the portfolio as a summative document bearing the valuable experiences learned in a particular course of study. In this context, portfolio can be viewed as a selective entity that represents the level of learning, in terms of academic/professional growth and development, attained in one's participation in a particular course of study such as this Master one I have been attending. Portfolio can be educationally utilized to reflect and evaluate one's learning. As one goes throughout paging, one locates the level of learning achieved in terms of anticipated knowledge, understanding, and experiences, skills and attitudes or overly learning competencies. The level of development one has gone through in attempts to respond to the expected learning outcomes surface out more easily. And if further learning be conducted, the portfolio must as well shows the ways ahead. With these few words, I have attempted to present the portfolio as a useful tool that represents the level of advancement attained in learning. This portfolio comprises of my educational partaking in Rhodes University's master program (theory and practice, in particular what and how I have gained from that program participation. It may also present what I cold not learn. The arrangement of the portfolio contents assumes a progressive procession, being structured in terms of the assignments taken. There are five pieces of assignments in this research portfolio. The first assignment is a contextual analysis of the Education Theory and Practice (ETP) curriculum of our current teacher education program, namely Basic Education Teachers' Diploma. It looks at the theoretical framework that informs and shapes everyday teaching and learning practices, particularly the degree to which we have been able to implement the theoretical perspectives into operational practices. To this is how our college is equipped with the technologies necessary for possible practices of the curriculum. The other emphasis focuses at the historical backgrounds that necessitated the undertaking of the BETD as an instrument of reforming and transforming the basic education rightly at the independence. The other area is on the question of how the curriculum or program intakers, the entering students, have been prepared to consume the curriculum program. Since the program has been as well designed to address and meet the four major national goals of education for all, another part has been focused on these goals so far as to locate the degree of attainment. The second assignment is about contrasting and comparing the two main held dominant worldwide views of knowledge- namely behaviorism and constructivism. Each branch of knowledge is looked at firstly with particular attentions paid to its own individual versions of knowledge and its development and acquisition. The other focuses examine which base seems to offer better explanations of what knowledge is and how it can best be constructed and acquired in any educational setting. The third assignment is that of literature review. I have chosen action as an area that I would be interested in exploring much further. Action research is what eventually became a part of my research proposal in which I would research on how our college students carry out their action research projects to examine their own classroom makings. It has been therefore important to read what others have written about this field and locate the lessons that can be illuminated on our own curriculum context. The literature review paves the way to the research proposal. The research proposal or a research plan as I would often call it, sets the context, purpose, theoretical position and information gathering methods under which the research process will take place. The research proposal has thus been the navigating compass despite the that realities as the practical journey itself took off some deviation unavoidably came in as necessitated by the underlying research process itself. The research proposal finally accumulates into the sought, the final assignment. A critical view illustrates that this piece is actually another contextual inquiry like the first work only that this is viewing our supposed curriculum outcomes: our students, our products and how they have been equipped to carry out the research. Their research, with its successes and shortcomings, I have concluded, firmly serves to reflect the kind of education delivered from our teacher colleges. The portfolio contents also demonstrate the course orientation: focusing on one's professional field. At end, I see this research portfolio as myself, a mirror that reflects my academic and professional participation in Rhodes University's world and its vision and mission expresses in the theme of where leaders learn. It thus represents the personal, academic and development accomplished throughout this Masters' course. In the other way around, I see it as reflecting what Rhodes can offer as from when the prestigious Augustana College, my American institution, has prepared after its boundaries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
An assessment of quality health care in the operating theatres of Frere Hospital in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Bennett, Fabion Charton
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Medical care Surgical instruments and apparatus -- Safety measures
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13425 , vital:39660
- Description: BACKGROUND: Operating theatres are one of most expensive resources in a hospital. The management of operating theatres is complex due to the conflicting priorities and preferences of all stakeholders. Operating theatres also pose one of the greatest medico legal risks to any hospital. This study was conducted at Frere Hospital in East London to assess the functioning of the operating theatre system. The focus of this study was on Pre-operative categorisation of emergency cases, the utilisation of the World Health Organisation Safety Checklist, compliance to the National Core Standards for Health, the effectiveness of governance and review processes, theatre staffing as well as theatre efficiency indicators (start time/tardiness, utilisation, turn-around time, re-admission to theatre rate, cancellation on day of procedure, slate under/over runs, Anaesthetic time as a percentage of theatre time). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to promote the adherence to the various operating theatre universal approaches by operating theatre staff with the goal of reducing costs and errors caused by poor quality in operating theatres and improving the overall health system. METHOD: In this research a convergent parallel mixed method research design was applied. The research was non-experimental and descriptive in approach, using a mixed method questionnaire, a structured open ended interview, a structured infrastructure assessment, a structured observation checklist and an audit of patient files for a review of emergency surgical cases. Data was collected during October 2016 and January 2017.The study population consisted of 13 operating rooms across 6 operating theatre suites, surgical management staff as well as clinical and nursing staff in the operating theatres at Frere Hospital in East London. RESULTS: The study showed opportunities for improvement in the overall management of the operating theatres to ensure efficient quality care; the data from the observations, questionnaires, interviews as well as the analysis of the efficiency indicators consistently showed that an effective process of operating theatre governance and performance is non-existent, the Pre- operative categorisation of emergency cases is inconsistently applied, the compliance to the principles of the World Health Organisation Safety Checklist Is very low, theatre nursing staff levels per case is low, staff are also demotivated and theatre efficiency indicators require improvement. During this study, the Paediatric theatre suite appeared to be well run and compliant with opportunity to increase theatre utilisation, the casualty theatre is underutilised and has potential to be utilised as an enabler to improve the efficiency of other theatres. The main theatre and endoscopy suites have opportunities to improve its compliance to universal operating theatre quality and efficiency standards, the Orthopaedics and Obstetrics theatre suites, however, require urgent improvement focus. DISCUSSION: According to the findings, a structured operating theatre governance and performance review processes should be implemented with the intention of ensuring consistency across the management of the 6 operating theatre suites in the hospital. A review of staffing allocation and relative task allocation should be conducted. Interventions should be implemented to increase utilisation rates, improve the pre-operative categorisation of emergency cases, improve the compliance to the principles of the World Health Organisation Safety Checklist, reduce case start time variance/tardiness, reduce cancellation on day of procedure, increase anaesthetic time as a percentage of theatre time by introducing pre- anaesthetic induction prior to the patient being wheeled into the operating room.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
An assessment of quality health care in the operating theatres of Frere Hospital in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Bennett, Fabion Charton
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Medical care Surgical instruments and apparatus -- Safety measures
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13425 , vital:39660
- Description: BACKGROUND: Operating theatres are one of most expensive resources in a hospital. The management of operating theatres is complex due to the conflicting priorities and preferences of all stakeholders. Operating theatres also pose one of the greatest medico legal risks to any hospital. This study was conducted at Frere Hospital in East London to assess the functioning of the operating theatre system. The focus of this study was on Pre-operative categorisation of emergency cases, the utilisation of the World Health Organisation Safety Checklist, compliance to the National Core Standards for Health, the effectiveness of governance and review processes, theatre staffing as well as theatre efficiency indicators (start time/tardiness, utilisation, turn-around time, re-admission to theatre rate, cancellation on day of procedure, slate under/over runs, Anaesthetic time as a percentage of theatre time). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to promote the adherence to the various operating theatre universal approaches by operating theatre staff with the goal of reducing costs and errors caused by poor quality in operating theatres and improving the overall health system. METHOD: In this research a convergent parallel mixed method research design was applied. The research was non-experimental and descriptive in approach, using a mixed method questionnaire, a structured open ended interview, a structured infrastructure assessment, a structured observation checklist and an audit of patient files for a review of emergency surgical cases. Data was collected during October 2016 and January 2017.The study population consisted of 13 operating rooms across 6 operating theatre suites, surgical management staff as well as clinical and nursing staff in the operating theatres at Frere Hospital in East London. RESULTS: The study showed opportunities for improvement in the overall management of the operating theatres to ensure efficient quality care; the data from the observations, questionnaires, interviews as well as the analysis of the efficiency indicators consistently showed that an effective process of operating theatre governance and performance is non-existent, the Pre- operative categorisation of emergency cases is inconsistently applied, the compliance to the principles of the World Health Organisation Safety Checklist Is very low, theatre nursing staff levels per case is low, staff are also demotivated and theatre efficiency indicators require improvement. During this study, the Paediatric theatre suite appeared to be well run and compliant with opportunity to increase theatre utilisation, the casualty theatre is underutilised and has potential to be utilised as an enabler to improve the efficiency of other theatres. The main theatre and endoscopy suites have opportunities to improve its compliance to universal operating theatre quality and efficiency standards, the Orthopaedics and Obstetrics theatre suites, however, require urgent improvement focus. DISCUSSION: According to the findings, a structured operating theatre governance and performance review processes should be implemented with the intention of ensuring consistency across the management of the 6 operating theatre suites in the hospital. A review of staffing allocation and relative task allocation should be conducted. Interventions should be implemented to increase utilisation rates, improve the pre-operative categorisation of emergency cases, improve the compliance to the principles of the World Health Organisation Safety Checklist, reduce case start time variance/tardiness, reduce cancellation on day of procedure, increase anaesthetic time as a percentage of theatre time by introducing pre- anaesthetic induction prior to the patient being wheeled into the operating room.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Adult adjustment and independent functioning in individuals who were raised in a children's home
- Authors: Bond, Susan Jane
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Child welfare , Foster children -- Counseling of , Children -- Institutional care , Adjustment (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9994 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008161 , Child welfare , Foster children -- Counseling of , Children -- Institutional care , Adjustment (Psychology)
- Description: Children are placed in a children’s home when a Presiding Officer finds them to be in need of care and when there is no viable community placement alternative. The body of literature on children’s homes focuses primarily on the negative effects and outcomes of such statutory placement. The assertion that children who grew up in children’s homes will continue to use the services of welfare organisations in adulthood, is supported by the researcher’s observation as a practicing social worker. This, and the study of available literature, resulted in this qualitative, exploratory-descriptive and contextual research study with the following goal: to enhance the understanding of how intervention programmes at children’s homes can contribute to adult adjustment and independent functioning of those children in their care. A purposive sampling method was used to identify ten participants who had spent at least 2 years in a children’s home and who had been discharged from the children’s home at least 5 years ago (to the date of data collection). The sample was drawn from clients at non governmental social welfare agencies who fitted the sampling criteria. The data was collected via semi-structured interviews using an interview guide, which were recorded, transcribed and then analysed using a thematic content analysis approach. The results of the study may be used to develop and implement meaningful intervention strategies for individuals placed in children’s homes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Bond, Susan Jane
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Child welfare , Foster children -- Counseling of , Children -- Institutional care , Adjustment (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9994 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008161 , Child welfare , Foster children -- Counseling of , Children -- Institutional care , Adjustment (Psychology)
- Description: Children are placed in a children’s home when a Presiding Officer finds them to be in need of care and when there is no viable community placement alternative. The body of literature on children’s homes focuses primarily on the negative effects and outcomes of such statutory placement. The assertion that children who grew up in children’s homes will continue to use the services of welfare organisations in adulthood, is supported by the researcher’s observation as a practicing social worker. This, and the study of available literature, resulted in this qualitative, exploratory-descriptive and contextual research study with the following goal: to enhance the understanding of how intervention programmes at children’s homes can contribute to adult adjustment and independent functioning of those children in their care. A purposive sampling method was used to identify ten participants who had spent at least 2 years in a children’s home and who had been discharged from the children’s home at least 5 years ago (to the date of data collection). The sample was drawn from clients at non governmental social welfare agencies who fitted the sampling criteria. The data was collected via semi-structured interviews using an interview guide, which were recorded, transcribed and then analysed using a thematic content analysis approach. The results of the study may be used to develop and implement meaningful intervention strategies for individuals placed in children’s homes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
The comparative bioavailability and in vitro assessment of solid oral dosage forms of paracetamol
- Authors: Braae, Karen
- Date: 1981 , 2013-04-02
- Subjects: Acetaminophen , Bioavailability , Drugs -- Bioavailability , Drugs -- Dosage forms , Analysis of variance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3827 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006288 , Acetaminophen , Bioavailability , Drugs -- Bioavailability , Drugs -- Dosage forms , Analysis of variance
- Description: The dissolution profiles of eight lots of paracetamol tablets representing seven different tablet brands are determined in a USP rotating basket assembly and a stationary basket-rotating paddle apparatus. The in vitro data are expressed in terms of dissolution parameters and inter-tablet differences are assessed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Scheffe test. Highly significant differences are observed between a number of the tablets at the 95% confidence level. Representative tablets from the dissolution rate study and a control dose of paracetamol dissolved in water are subsequently investigated in a 4 x 4 latin square design bioavailability trial. Serum and urine samples are collected and assayed for paracetamol alone (serum) and together with its metabolites (urine) by means of high pressure liquid chromatography. The in vivo data are expressed in terms of bioavailability parameters and differences between the test doses are assessed by means of ANOVA. No significant differences are observed between the dosage forms at the 95% confidence level.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1981
- Authors: Braae, Karen
- Date: 1981 , 2013-04-02
- Subjects: Acetaminophen , Bioavailability , Drugs -- Bioavailability , Drugs -- Dosage forms , Analysis of variance
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3827 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006288 , Acetaminophen , Bioavailability , Drugs -- Bioavailability , Drugs -- Dosage forms , Analysis of variance
- Description: The dissolution profiles of eight lots of paracetamol tablets representing seven different tablet brands are determined in a USP rotating basket assembly and a stationary basket-rotating paddle apparatus. The in vitro data are expressed in terms of dissolution parameters and inter-tablet differences are assessed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Scheffe test. Highly significant differences are observed between a number of the tablets at the 95% confidence level. Representative tablets from the dissolution rate study and a control dose of paracetamol dissolved in water are subsequently investigated in a 4 x 4 latin square design bioavailability trial. Serum and urine samples are collected and assayed for paracetamol alone (serum) and together with its metabolites (urine) by means of high pressure liquid chromatography. The in vivo data are expressed in terms of bioavailability parameters and differences between the test doses are assessed by means of ANOVA. No significant differences are observed between the dosage forms at the 95% confidence level.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1981
An investigation into the effects of ant control on scale insect populations (Homoptera, Coccoidea) of citrus trees in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Brettell, J H
- Date: 1962
- Subjects: Scale insects -- South Africa Insect pests -- Biological control
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5838 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009700
- Description: In order that the citrus industry in South Africa may be commercially developed to the greatest possible extent it is of importance that certain basic ecological problems should be investigated. Until the complex relationships between the host plant, the insect pests and their parasites and predators are known, the results of applications of either chemical or biological control must be largely a matter of chance. A certain amount of rather generalised work in this connection has already been done in South Africa, principally by Carnegie (1955), Smithers (1953) and Whitehead (1948) in the Eastern Cape Province and by Steyn (1954) in the Transvaal. The first three of these workers were content to determine which species of insects occurred in citrus orchards and made some attempts to study the biology of certain predators. Steyn went a little further when he correlated ant activity with scale insect infestations. Without doubt the most economically important insect pests of citrus are the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Introduction, p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1962
- Authors: Brettell, J H
- Date: 1962
- Subjects: Scale insects -- South Africa Insect pests -- Biological control
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5838 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009700
- Description: In order that the citrus industry in South Africa may be commercially developed to the greatest possible extent it is of importance that certain basic ecological problems should be investigated. Until the complex relationships between the host plant, the insect pests and their parasites and predators are known, the results of applications of either chemical or biological control must be largely a matter of chance. A certain amount of rather generalised work in this connection has already been done in South Africa, principally by Carnegie (1955), Smithers (1953) and Whitehead (1948) in the Eastern Cape Province and by Steyn (1954) in the Transvaal. The first three of these workers were content to determine which species of insects occurred in citrus orchards and made some attempts to study the biology of certain predators. Steyn went a little further when he correlated ant activity with scale insect infestations. Without doubt the most economically important insect pests of citrus are the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Introduction, p. 1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1962
The role of male competition and female choice in the mating success of a Lek-breeding Southern African Cichlid fish Pseudocrenilabrus Philander (Pisces: Cichlidae)
- Authors: Chan, Tin-Yam
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Cichlids -- Africa, Southern -- Physiology Courtship in animals Fishes -- Reproduction Cichlids Pseudocrenilabrus philander Lek-breeding Courtship Reproduction Spawning Competition Rivalry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5599 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002049
- Description: A lek-breeding cichlid fish Pseudocrenilabrus philander was studied experimentally. Females in choice-chamber experiments showed no active choice for male size and colour, or for other male attributes, but preferred males which courted most actively. In a laboratory lek, the significant determinants of the strongly skewed mating success in males were territory size, side-shake and female chasing frequency. Together these three variables explained 79% of the variation in male mating success, with territory size alone accounting for 75% of the variation and the other two variables each accounting for 2% of the remaining variation. As there was no difference in territory quality in the laboratory lek, territory size became the principal measure of the effect of male-male competition since it was directly related to dominance. Both side-shake and female chasing could be identified as the basic factors influencing female choice, as they had an immediate effect on the display-response mating system of females. Thus, the relative importance of these three variables indicated that sexual selection in this particular lek mating species operated chiefly through the agency of intrasexual competition for dominance. However, both female behaviour and their requirement for a prolonged pre-spawning courtship had the effect of promoting male rivalry and favouring mating with dominant males. Although the intense male competition excluded subordinate males from practising normal courtship behaviour, competitively inferior males might "make the best of a bad situation" by facultatively adopting an alternative sneaking tactic to gain access to females. Spawning intrusions by females to steal freshly-laid eggs also occurred frequently. However, territorial males appeared to be relatively more tolerant of female intruders than male sneakers. Interference during spawning could lead to a longer pre-spawning courtship and even multiple-mating by females. The results of the present study and the behavioural evidence shown by males and females did not support the ʺrunaway selection modelʺ of the mating pattern in terms of sexual selection in leks, but conformed to the rival ʺwar propaganda modelʺ
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: Chan, Tin-Yam
- Date: 1988
- Subjects: Cichlids -- Africa, Southern -- Physiology Courtship in animals Fishes -- Reproduction Cichlids Pseudocrenilabrus philander Lek-breeding Courtship Reproduction Spawning Competition Rivalry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5599 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002049
- Description: A lek-breeding cichlid fish Pseudocrenilabrus philander was studied experimentally. Females in choice-chamber experiments showed no active choice for male size and colour, or for other male attributes, but preferred males which courted most actively. In a laboratory lek, the significant determinants of the strongly skewed mating success in males were territory size, side-shake and female chasing frequency. Together these three variables explained 79% of the variation in male mating success, with territory size alone accounting for 75% of the variation and the other two variables each accounting for 2% of the remaining variation. As there was no difference in territory quality in the laboratory lek, territory size became the principal measure of the effect of male-male competition since it was directly related to dominance. Both side-shake and female chasing could be identified as the basic factors influencing female choice, as they had an immediate effect on the display-response mating system of females. Thus, the relative importance of these three variables indicated that sexual selection in this particular lek mating species operated chiefly through the agency of intrasexual competition for dominance. However, both female behaviour and their requirement for a prolonged pre-spawning courtship had the effect of promoting male rivalry and favouring mating with dominant males. Although the intense male competition excluded subordinate males from practising normal courtship behaviour, competitively inferior males might "make the best of a bad situation" by facultatively adopting an alternative sneaking tactic to gain access to females. Spawning intrusions by females to steal freshly-laid eggs also occurred frequently. However, territorial males appeared to be relatively more tolerant of female intruders than male sneakers. Interference during spawning could lead to a longer pre-spawning courtship and even multiple-mating by females. The results of the present study and the behavioural evidence shown by males and females did not support the ʺrunaway selection modelʺ of the mating pattern in terms of sexual selection in leks, but conformed to the rival ʺwar propaganda modelʺ
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
Determining the use of human capital to achieve a competitive advantage in the National Ports Authority of South Africa
- Authors: Du Preez, Ian Justus
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Portnet (South Africa) , Human capital -- South Africa , Personnel management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10848 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50 , Portnet (South Africa) , Human capital -- South Africa , Personnel management -- South Africa
- Description: A new business world is emerging, which every organisation must appreciate and know how to exploit. The concepts of strategy do not need to be rewritten, but must be adapted to this new era. Utilisation of the Internet and human capital to its fullest is transforming the way that business is conducted in achieving its objectives. The key to an organisation’s competitive advantage, is to invest in training, skills enhancement and the personal development of its staff. A requirement of the National Ports Authority is to be committed to basic adult education and preparing employees for re-skilling from the shop floor to the boardroom to ensure it is seen as an equal opportunity employer. The research problem addressed in this study was to determine the factors necessary to achieve strategic advantage using human capital. Relevant literature was used to develop a new model to address some of the issues facing the organisation, as well as ensuring that the National Ports Authority can leverage itself into a competitive advantage. To manage and measure knowledge-based resources is one of the most important challenges for a modern company. This challenge is incorporated in the new model developed by the study. The theoretical model consisted of various factors, which were analysed and formed into principles which were identifiable from the literature study. This model was then used to compile a questionnaire to test the responsiveness of the role players concurring. The empirical results analysed indicated that the respondents concurred with the theoretical study and factors of the new model that was developed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Du Preez, Ian Justus
- Date: 2001
- Subjects: Portnet (South Africa) , Human capital -- South Africa , Personnel management -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10848 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50 , Portnet (South Africa) , Human capital -- South Africa , Personnel management -- South Africa
- Description: A new business world is emerging, which every organisation must appreciate and know how to exploit. The concepts of strategy do not need to be rewritten, but must be adapted to this new era. Utilisation of the Internet and human capital to its fullest is transforming the way that business is conducted in achieving its objectives. The key to an organisation’s competitive advantage, is to invest in training, skills enhancement and the personal development of its staff. A requirement of the National Ports Authority is to be committed to basic adult education and preparing employees for re-skilling from the shop floor to the boardroom to ensure it is seen as an equal opportunity employer. The research problem addressed in this study was to determine the factors necessary to achieve strategic advantage using human capital. Relevant literature was used to develop a new model to address some of the issues facing the organisation, as well as ensuring that the National Ports Authority can leverage itself into a competitive advantage. To manage and measure knowledge-based resources is one of the most important challenges for a modern company. This challenge is incorporated in the new model developed by the study. The theoretical model consisted of various factors, which were analysed and formed into principles which were identifiable from the literature study. This model was then used to compile a questionnaire to test the responsiveness of the role players concurring. The empirical results analysed indicated that the respondents concurred with the theoretical study and factors of the new model that was developed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
Altering urbanscapes: South African writers re-imagining Johannesburg, with specific reference to Lauren Beukes, K. Sello Duiker, Nadine Gordimer and Phaswane Mpe
- Authors: Fryer, Jocelyn Teri
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Novelists, South African , Johannesburg (South Africa) -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8481 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020877
- Description: The following dissertation considers the ways in which we have come to perceive of our post-apartheid South African urban spaces. It focusses on the representation of our contemporary urban spaces as I posit that they are re-imagined in the works of Phaswane Mpe, K.Sello Duiker, Nadine Gordimer and Lauren Beukes. In particular, it is concerned with the representation of Johannesburg, and specifically Hillbrow, in relation to the space of the rural, the suburban enclave and the city of Cape Town. I argue that while so-called urban ‘slums’ such as Hillbrow have been denigrated in the local imaginary, the texts that I have selected draw attention to the potentialities of such spaces. Rather than aspiring to ‘First World’ aesthetics of modernity then, we might come to see such spaces as Hillbrow anew, and even to learn from them as models, so as to better create more fully integrated and dynamic African cities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Fryer, Jocelyn Teri
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Novelists, South African , Johannesburg (South Africa) -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8481 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020877
- Description: The following dissertation considers the ways in which we have come to perceive of our post-apartheid South African urban spaces. It focusses on the representation of our contemporary urban spaces as I posit that they are re-imagined in the works of Phaswane Mpe, K.Sello Duiker, Nadine Gordimer and Lauren Beukes. In particular, it is concerned with the representation of Johannesburg, and specifically Hillbrow, in relation to the space of the rural, the suburban enclave and the city of Cape Town. I argue that while so-called urban ‘slums’ such as Hillbrow have been denigrated in the local imaginary, the texts that I have selected draw attention to the potentialities of such spaces. Rather than aspiring to ‘First World’ aesthetics of modernity then, we might come to see such spaces as Hillbrow anew, and even to learn from them as models, so as to better create more fully integrated and dynamic African cities.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Explorative study on the efficacy of the Total Quality Management System as a performance enhancement instrument: the case of Walter Sisulu University (Eastern Cape Province, Republic of South Africa)
- Authors: Gwele, Xolani
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11681 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1013544
- Description: With the advent of a democratic South Africa in 1994, national public administration has effected reforms to improve government performance and service delivery. The importance of education for the development of excellence, expertise and knowledge leading to overall development in economy cannot be undermined. This has necessitated a sound strategy for the development of higher education in South Africa. Establishing leadership in this country is possible only when there is a developed system of higher education in which efficiency remains the sole criteria to evaluate performance. Higher education institutions are faced with an increasing number of complex challenges including implementing and maintaining a quality management system. This study seeks to explore the efficacy of total quality management as the performance enhancement instrument at Walter Sisulu University, in the Eastern Cape Province – South Africa. Relevant literature regarding quality, quality assurance, total quality management and performance management has been reviewed in order to establish and test if this study is researchable. Interviews with students have been conducted in order understand a sense of student perception towards quality assurance in the university. Observations and Staff questionnaires have been used to collect more data on total quality management and performance management system. The data collected is analysed and interpreted in chapter four and chapter five provides for findings and recommendations in concluding this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Gwele, Xolani
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11681 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1013544
- Description: With the advent of a democratic South Africa in 1994, national public administration has effected reforms to improve government performance and service delivery. The importance of education for the development of excellence, expertise and knowledge leading to overall development in economy cannot be undermined. This has necessitated a sound strategy for the development of higher education in South Africa. Establishing leadership in this country is possible only when there is a developed system of higher education in which efficiency remains the sole criteria to evaluate performance. Higher education institutions are faced with an increasing number of complex challenges including implementing and maintaining a quality management system. This study seeks to explore the efficacy of total quality management as the performance enhancement instrument at Walter Sisulu University, in the Eastern Cape Province – South Africa. Relevant literature regarding quality, quality assurance, total quality management and performance management has been reviewed in order to establish and test if this study is researchable. Interviews with students have been conducted in order understand a sense of student perception towards quality assurance in the university. Observations and Staff questionnaires have been used to collect more data on total quality management and performance management system. The data collected is analysed and interpreted in chapter four and chapter five provides for findings and recommendations in concluding this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Resilience in families where a member is living with schizophrenia
- Authors: Haddad, Jason
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Schizophrenia , Schizophrenia -- South Africa -- Family relationships , Resilience (Personality trait)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9928 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/654 , Schizophrenia , Schizophrenia -- South Africa -- Family relationships , Resilience (Personality trait)
- Description: Schizophrenia cuts across all racial, gender, and socioeconomic lines. Schizophrenia affects 1 percent of the population in Ireland: 35000 people (Schultz & Andreason, 1999); and affects 1.4 - 4.6 percent per 1000 people in the USA: 2.8 million - 9.8 million people (Jabelensky, 2004). In South Africa the figure is approximately 1 percent of the population or 500 000 people (Nicholas, Malcolm, Krosigk & Pillay, 2003). The median age of onset is 21.4 years for men and 26.8 years for women (Daubenton & van Rensburg, 2001), with only 10-20 percent recovering fully after the first psychotic episode (Saddock & Saddock, 2003). The schizophrenic patient is often unable to continue life as before diagnosis, and may progressively need more care as the years pass. Deinstitutionalization over the course of a number of decades has resulted in responsibility for care of mentally-ill individuals shifting to the individual’s family. The struggles faced by such a family can be overwhelming as they struggle with this responsibilty due to lack of training, lack of knowledge and insufficient professional support (Winefield & Harvey, 1994). The stress on the caregivers is often magnified as their support structures around them may ‘shut down’ out of fear of the schizophrenic illness (Williams & Mfoafo-M’Carthy, 2006). The characteristic symptoms used to define schizophrenia include various forms of delusions, hallucinations, thought disorders and abnormalities in emotional expression, social interaction, attention, volition and drives. The functional decline of the schizophrenic individual leads not only to social difficulties, but also economic difficulties that may cripple a family (Fadden, Bebbington & Kuipers, 1987). When first diagnosed, some families may be so overwhelmed by the ‘label’ given to their family member, that they see little hope or way to move forward. One explanation is offered by an American psychiatrist whose own son was diagnosed with schizophrenia, “We experience this terrible feeling of loss and grief for the son we knew. There is also this terrible loss of expectations. We feel cheated out of watching him mature…it is a mourning without end because, of course, Gary is not dead at all. He is very much still with us, seeming eternally twelve years old, needing constant care and attention” (Willick, 1994, p.14). Providing such care is associated with high levels of distress. Accordingly, much attention has been given to understanding the pressures faced by family members, with the hope of understanding how coping resources may be strengthened to sustain these care-giving relationships (Harvey, Burns, Fahy, Manley & Tattan, 2001). However, despite gains in understanding the needs of a schizophrenic family member once out of the hospital environment, care-giving relationships can still break down. The individual with the illness is often left more vulnerable to relapse, recurrent hospitalizations, homelessness and other negative outcomes (Jewel & Stein, 2002). The stress of not only interacting with the afflicted family member, but also with the grief associated with the illness, places an incredible strain on the day-to-day functioning of that family (Pollio, North, Reid, Miletic & McClendon, 2006). From the brief review provided, it is evident that research has been conducted regarding the stressors, strains and difficulties of caregivers of schizophrenic family members. However, the strengths of these families are under-investigated, and the current study will attempt to start filling this void.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
- Authors: Haddad, Jason
- Date: 2007
- Subjects: Schizophrenia , Schizophrenia -- South Africa -- Family relationships , Resilience (Personality trait)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9928 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/654 , Schizophrenia , Schizophrenia -- South Africa -- Family relationships , Resilience (Personality trait)
- Description: Schizophrenia cuts across all racial, gender, and socioeconomic lines. Schizophrenia affects 1 percent of the population in Ireland: 35000 people (Schultz & Andreason, 1999); and affects 1.4 - 4.6 percent per 1000 people in the USA: 2.8 million - 9.8 million people (Jabelensky, 2004). In South Africa the figure is approximately 1 percent of the population or 500 000 people (Nicholas, Malcolm, Krosigk & Pillay, 2003). The median age of onset is 21.4 years for men and 26.8 years for women (Daubenton & van Rensburg, 2001), with only 10-20 percent recovering fully after the first psychotic episode (Saddock & Saddock, 2003). The schizophrenic patient is often unable to continue life as before diagnosis, and may progressively need more care as the years pass. Deinstitutionalization over the course of a number of decades has resulted in responsibility for care of mentally-ill individuals shifting to the individual’s family. The struggles faced by such a family can be overwhelming as they struggle with this responsibilty due to lack of training, lack of knowledge and insufficient professional support (Winefield & Harvey, 1994). The stress on the caregivers is often magnified as their support structures around them may ‘shut down’ out of fear of the schizophrenic illness (Williams & Mfoafo-M’Carthy, 2006). The characteristic symptoms used to define schizophrenia include various forms of delusions, hallucinations, thought disorders and abnormalities in emotional expression, social interaction, attention, volition and drives. The functional decline of the schizophrenic individual leads not only to social difficulties, but also economic difficulties that may cripple a family (Fadden, Bebbington & Kuipers, 1987). When first diagnosed, some families may be so overwhelmed by the ‘label’ given to their family member, that they see little hope or way to move forward. One explanation is offered by an American psychiatrist whose own son was diagnosed with schizophrenia, “We experience this terrible feeling of loss and grief for the son we knew. There is also this terrible loss of expectations. We feel cheated out of watching him mature…it is a mourning without end because, of course, Gary is not dead at all. He is very much still with us, seeming eternally twelve years old, needing constant care and attention” (Willick, 1994, p.14). Providing such care is associated with high levels of distress. Accordingly, much attention has been given to understanding the pressures faced by family members, with the hope of understanding how coping resources may be strengthened to sustain these care-giving relationships (Harvey, Burns, Fahy, Manley & Tattan, 2001). However, despite gains in understanding the needs of a schizophrenic family member once out of the hospital environment, care-giving relationships can still break down. The individual with the illness is often left more vulnerable to relapse, recurrent hospitalizations, homelessness and other negative outcomes (Jewel & Stein, 2002). The stress of not only interacting with the afflicted family member, but also with the grief associated with the illness, places an incredible strain on the day-to-day functioning of that family (Pollio, North, Reid, Miletic & McClendon, 2006). From the brief review provided, it is evident that research has been conducted regarding the stressors, strains and difficulties of caregivers of schizophrenic family members. However, the strengths of these families are under-investigated, and the current study will attempt to start filling this void.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2007
Novel approaches to the monitoring of computer networks
- Authors: Halse, G A
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Computer networks , Computer networks -- Management , Computer networks -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Rhodes University -- Information Technology Division
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4645 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006601
- Description: Traditional network monitoring techniques suffer from a number of limitations. They are usually designed to solve the most general case, and as a result often fall short of expectation. This project sets out to provide the network administrator with a set of alternative tools to solve specific, but common, problems. It uses the network at Rhodes University as a case study and addresses a number of issues that arise on this network. Four problematic areas are identified within this network: the automatic determination of network topology and layout, the tracking of network growth, the determination of the physical and logical locations of hosts on the network, and the need for intelligent fault reporting systems. These areas are chosen because other network monitoring techniques have failed to adequately address these problems, and because they present problems that are common across a large number of networks. Each area is examined separately and a solution is sought for each of the problems identified. As a result, a set of tools is developed to solve these problems using a number of novel network monitoring techniques. These tools are designed to be as portable as possible so as not to limit their use to the case study network. Their use within Rhodes, as well as their applicability to other situations is discussed. In all cases, any limitations and shortfalls in the approaches that were employed are examined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Halse, G A
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Computer networks , Computer networks -- Management , Computer networks -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Rhodes University -- Information Technology Division
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4645 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006601
- Description: Traditional network monitoring techniques suffer from a number of limitations. They are usually designed to solve the most general case, and as a result often fall short of expectation. This project sets out to provide the network administrator with a set of alternative tools to solve specific, but common, problems. It uses the network at Rhodes University as a case study and addresses a number of issues that arise on this network. Four problematic areas are identified within this network: the automatic determination of network topology and layout, the tracking of network growth, the determination of the physical and logical locations of hosts on the network, and the need for intelligent fault reporting systems. These areas are chosen because other network monitoring techniques have failed to adequately address these problems, and because they present problems that are common across a large number of networks. Each area is examined separately and a solution is sought for each of the problems identified. As a result, a set of tools is developed to solve these problems using a number of novel network monitoring techniques. These tools are designed to be as portable as possible so as not to limit their use to the case study network. Their use within Rhodes, as well as their applicability to other situations is discussed. In all cases, any limitations and shortfalls in the approaches that were employed are examined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Desert
- Authors: Harper, Sean Julian
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Rawls, John, 1921-2002 , Rawls, John, 1921-2002 Theory of justice , Ethics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2710 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002840 , Rawls, John, 1921-2002 , Rawls, John, 1921-2002 Theory of justice , Ethics
- Description: This thesis examines the idea of desert as expounded in the work of John Rawls, and some of the implications of this conception of desert for moral and political philosophy. In this work, I analyse a series of arguments against retaining this particular conception of desert.I argue that none of these arguments sufficiently diminishes the force of Rawls’ argument for desert, while many of them do state, and I argue that they are correct in doing so, that this conception of desert is dangerous for political or moral philosophy to maintain. I argue that the moral, political and legal implications of accepting this account of desert severely undermine various institutions of differential treatment, and indeed, moral assessment. I regard it as obvious that societies must, on occasion, treat members of those societies differently, for moral, as well as practical reasons. The Rawlsian account of desert, and the account of responsibility on which it rests, however, will endanger the legitimacy of such procedures. I argue further that the Rawlsian account of desert requires that differences in wealth, and inheritance of wealth, influence and privilege be diminished, if not abolished, if we are to talk of any form of desert meaningfully. I argue that this is a strength of Rawls’ account, and further that any account of desert that is true to the philosophical tradition of the concept will require similar steps to be taken. The primary aim of this thesis is to show that Rawls’ arguments against desert are serious ones, both in terms of strength and scope, and that they must be addressed. I intend to show that these arguments are founded on strong moral intuitions, and that it is plausible that these intuitions may need revision. Finally,I intend to show that desert is an important moral and political concept, and that the disciplines of moral and political philosophy will be impoverished by the absence this concept. This absence, I will argue, is a natural consequence of the acceptance of the Rawlsian arguments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Harper, Sean Julian
- Date: 2000
- Subjects: Rawls, John, 1921-2002 , Rawls, John, 1921-2002 Theory of justice , Ethics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2710 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002840 , Rawls, John, 1921-2002 , Rawls, John, 1921-2002 Theory of justice , Ethics
- Description: This thesis examines the idea of desert as expounded in the work of John Rawls, and some of the implications of this conception of desert for moral and political philosophy. In this work, I analyse a series of arguments against retaining this particular conception of desert.I argue that none of these arguments sufficiently diminishes the force of Rawls’ argument for desert, while many of them do state, and I argue that they are correct in doing so, that this conception of desert is dangerous for political or moral philosophy to maintain. I argue that the moral, political and legal implications of accepting this account of desert severely undermine various institutions of differential treatment, and indeed, moral assessment. I regard it as obvious that societies must, on occasion, treat members of those societies differently, for moral, as well as practical reasons. The Rawlsian account of desert, and the account of responsibility on which it rests, however, will endanger the legitimacy of such procedures. I argue further that the Rawlsian account of desert requires that differences in wealth, and inheritance of wealth, influence and privilege be diminished, if not abolished, if we are to talk of any form of desert meaningfully. I argue that this is a strength of Rawls’ account, and further that any account of desert that is true to the philosophical tradition of the concept will require similar steps to be taken. The primary aim of this thesis is to show that Rawls’ arguments against desert are serious ones, both in terms of strength and scope, and that they must be addressed. I intend to show that these arguments are founded on strong moral intuitions, and that it is plausible that these intuitions may need revision. Finally,I intend to show that desert is an important moral and political concept, and that the disciplines of moral and political philosophy will be impoverished by the absence this concept. This absence, I will argue, is a natural consequence of the acceptance of the Rawlsian arguments.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
An assessment of the small-scale fisheries in the Kogelberg district of the Western Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Jordan, Tia
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/997 , vital:20011
- Description: Small-scale fisheries play a critical role in communities by contributing to food security, poverty alleviation and source of income. The study focused on the Kleinmond small-scale fishery and estimated the current economic value of the fishery as well as exploring the potential for increasing this and also whether it is being used in a way that ensures sustainable harvesting of the marine resources. It was important to evaluate the ecological, economic and social dimensions of the fishing community in order to address the problems currently facing the community. The study draws on previous research done in the Kleinmond area. Data were collected to update and complement previous research and addresses current research. In order to investigate the fisheries catch contribution in the area, data were obtained from the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Three different questionnaires were developed and conducted in face-to-face formal and informal interviews with the various stakeholders (n=42) in the value-chain. Interviews were also conducted telephonically with other stakeholders and a focus group was formed to supplement previous available data. Simple economic models were developed for the fisheries working from the Kleinmond harbour, which were used to estimate the gross and net economic value of catches for individual right-holders, as well as the Kleinmond area as a whole. The economic models used in this study showed that the West Coast rock lobster Jasus lalandii, fishery was the primary source of income for small-scale fishers. This was due to the rock lobsters being sold to the export market as a high-valued commodity, whereas the linefish were sold to the local market as a lower-valued commodity. However, linefish were found to be more of a commodity to the community as a portion would be retained for personal consumption. The linefishers were concerned in that over the past couple of years, snoek Thrysites atun have been absent the Kleinmond area, resulting in and the fishing effort shifting to a resident species Cape bream Pachymetopon blochii. Whereas West Coast rock lobster were considered to be harvested sustainably under the current total allowable catch strategy, there was concern for the future of the fishery because of the occurrence of illegal fishing, both locally and nationally. Small-scale fisheries in the Kleinmond community are largely dependent on fishing resources, even though the industry is only marginally profitable. Future management measures should concentrate on optimising the value-chain to provide both sustainability for the resources and improve the livelihoods of the community.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Jordan, Tia
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/997 , vital:20011
- Description: Small-scale fisheries play a critical role in communities by contributing to food security, poverty alleviation and source of income. The study focused on the Kleinmond small-scale fishery and estimated the current economic value of the fishery as well as exploring the potential for increasing this and also whether it is being used in a way that ensures sustainable harvesting of the marine resources. It was important to evaluate the ecological, economic and social dimensions of the fishing community in order to address the problems currently facing the community. The study draws on previous research done in the Kleinmond area. Data were collected to update and complement previous research and addresses current research. In order to investigate the fisheries catch contribution in the area, data were obtained from the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Three different questionnaires were developed and conducted in face-to-face formal and informal interviews with the various stakeholders (n=42) in the value-chain. Interviews were also conducted telephonically with other stakeholders and a focus group was formed to supplement previous available data. Simple economic models were developed for the fisheries working from the Kleinmond harbour, which were used to estimate the gross and net economic value of catches for individual right-holders, as well as the Kleinmond area as a whole. The economic models used in this study showed that the West Coast rock lobster Jasus lalandii, fishery was the primary source of income for small-scale fishers. This was due to the rock lobsters being sold to the export market as a high-valued commodity, whereas the linefish were sold to the local market as a lower-valued commodity. However, linefish were found to be more of a commodity to the community as a portion would be retained for personal consumption. The linefishers were concerned in that over the past couple of years, snoek Thrysites atun have been absent the Kleinmond area, resulting in and the fishing effort shifting to a resident species Cape bream Pachymetopon blochii. Whereas West Coast rock lobster were considered to be harvested sustainably under the current total allowable catch strategy, there was concern for the future of the fishery because of the occurrence of illegal fishing, both locally and nationally. Small-scale fisheries in the Kleinmond community are largely dependent on fishing resources, even though the industry is only marginally profitable. Future management measures should concentrate on optimising the value-chain to provide both sustainability for the resources and improve the livelihoods of the community.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Macroeconomic determinants of stock market behaviour in South Africa
- Authors: Junkin, Kyle
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Stocks -- Prices -- South Africa Macroeconomics Risk management -- South Africa Stock exchanges -- South Africa Interest rates -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1016 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002751
- Description: This study investigates whether stock prices in South Africa are influenced by macroeconomic variables, and furthermore, the effects of financial crises on stock prices. The relationship between stock prices and the macroeconomy is a particularly important issue for investors, since a thorough understanding of such a relationship is likely to yield profitable or risk mitigating opportunities. Using monthly data for the period 1995 to 2010 the study focused at a macro level using the FTSE/JSE All Share Index, and at a micro level using sector indices. These included the construction and materials, financial, food producers’, general retailers, industrial, mining and pharmaceuticals indices. The Johansen and Juselius (1990) multivariate cointegration approach was employed, along with impulse response and variance decomposition tests to address the issue. The results showed that macroeconomic variables do have a significant influence on stock prices in South Africa. Also, the influences of these variables were found to have an inconsistent effect across the sectors under investigation. For example, inflation was found to negatively influence the All Share Index, but impacted the industrial index positively. These inconsistent influences on the various sectors were seen to have important diversification implications for investors. The impact of past financial crises proved to be significant on certain indices, however, indices such as that of the pharmaceuticals sector was found to be largely unaffected by such crises. The findings of the study were discussed through an investor’s perspective, and recommendations on investment decisions were given. The limitations of the study were such that certain results may have been influenced by a mis-specification of variables, particularly the Treasury bill rate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Junkin, Kyle
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Stocks -- Prices -- South Africa Macroeconomics Risk management -- South Africa Stock exchanges -- South Africa Interest rates -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:1016 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002751
- Description: This study investigates whether stock prices in South Africa are influenced by macroeconomic variables, and furthermore, the effects of financial crises on stock prices. The relationship between stock prices and the macroeconomy is a particularly important issue for investors, since a thorough understanding of such a relationship is likely to yield profitable or risk mitigating opportunities. Using monthly data for the period 1995 to 2010 the study focused at a macro level using the FTSE/JSE All Share Index, and at a micro level using sector indices. These included the construction and materials, financial, food producers’, general retailers, industrial, mining and pharmaceuticals indices. The Johansen and Juselius (1990) multivariate cointegration approach was employed, along with impulse response and variance decomposition tests to address the issue. The results showed that macroeconomic variables do have a significant influence on stock prices in South Africa. Also, the influences of these variables were found to have an inconsistent effect across the sectors under investigation. For example, inflation was found to negatively influence the All Share Index, but impacted the industrial index positively. These inconsistent influences on the various sectors were seen to have important diversification implications for investors. The impact of past financial crises proved to be significant on certain indices, however, indices such as that of the pharmaceuticals sector was found to be largely unaffected by such crises. The findings of the study were discussed through an investor’s perspective, and recommendations on investment decisions were given. The limitations of the study were such that certain results may have been influenced by a mis-specification of variables, particularly the Treasury bill rate.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Mariculture as a means to add value to the east coast rock lobster Panulirus homarus rubellus subsistence fishery : a physiological approach to define transport and growout protocols for wild caught juveniles
- Authors: Kemp, Justin Oliver Gordon
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Lobster fisheries -- South Africa , Lobster culture -- South Africa , Lobsters -- Growth -- South Africa , Mariculture -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5299 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005144
- Description: In a context of declining capture fisheries and public pressure for greater access to marine resources, marine aquaculture is receiving increasing interest from the South African government as a means to increase the diversity of economic activities in coastal regions, thereby providing employment and reducing poverty. The east coast rock lobster Panulirus homarus rubellus is currently harvested by subsistence fisherman along the former Transkei coastline of south-east South Africa and presents a possible opportunity for ongrowing wild juvenile lobsters in culture facilities. Lack of compliance coupled with poor enforcement of the minimum size limit (65 mm carapace length) has resulted in the ongoing harvest of undersize size lobsters by subsistence fishers. Generally, fishers either consume these undersize lobsters or sell them to tourists for low prices. In line with international trends in rock lobster aquaculture, interest has subsequently arisen in the possibilities of ongrowing these undersize lobsters as a means of adding value to the P. h rubellus resource for subsistence fishers. The aim of this physiological study was to assess the biological feasibility of harvesting, transporting and culturing wild caught juvenile lobsters, thereby provide empirical data to inform the development of suitable transport and culture protocols. The experimental objectives were to asses the effect of temperature on growth and survival of P. h. rubellus, as well as the effects of a suite of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption. Juvenile lobsters were collected by hand from near-shore reefs (2-15 m depth) off Mdumbi in the former Transkei, Eastern Cape Province and transported by road (7 hours) to the Port Alfred Marine Research Laboratory where they were held in a recirculating culture system. The effect of temperature over a range of 9.7 °C (18.9±0.7 to 28.6±1.5 °C) on the growth and survival of juvenile P. h. rubellus fed a diet of fresh mussel flesh was investigated. Specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly different between temperatures (p = 0.01), with the highest values recorded for the 24 °C and 28 °C treatments. There was no significant difference in moult increment (MI) between temperatures, however, intermoult period (IMP) differed significantly between temperatures (p = 0.0015) with mean IMP lowest at 24 °C, although not significantly different from the means of the 26 °C and 28 °C treatments. IMP was highest at 19 °C and 21 °C. Apparent feed intake was significantly different between treatments (p < 0.0001) and exhibited a strong positive correlation with increasing temperature. Food conversion ratio (FCR) differed significantly between temperatures (p = 0.02) with 24 °C exhibiting the most efficient FCR. The results for growth rate and food conversion efficiency suggested that 24 °C is optimal for the growout of juvenile P. h. rubellus. In the second study, the effect of body weight, emersion, daily rhythm, feeding and ambient ammonia on the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion rate was investigated. Body weight (n = 16, range of 16.8 – 322 g) was positively correlated to daytime TAN excretion rate (mg h⁻¹). Re-immersion after one hour emersion in a moist environment was characterized by a significant increase in TAN excretion rate for the first hour compared to pre-immersion levels. The amount of TAN excreted during this period was as expected if basal TAN excretion rates were maintained during emersion. TAN excretion rates returned to pre-emersion levels by the end of the second hour. There was no evidence of a daily rhythm in TAN excretion rate for P. h. rubellus. TAN excretion rates were elevated following feeding. An initial peak in TAN excretion rate after seven hours (7.58 times pre-feeding rate) was followed by a smaller peak after 13 hours (6.69 times pre-feeding rate). TAN excretion rate dropped to levels not significantly different from pre-feeding levels after 23 hours and consistently returned to pre-feeding levels after 42 hours. The TAN excretion rates of lobster exposed for two hours to an ambient TAN concentration of 1.02±0.10 mg l⁻¹ and 2.3± 0.2 mg l⁻¹ were not significantly different from TAN excretion rates recorded at low ambient water TAN prior to exposure. Exposure to an ambient TAN concentration of 4.45±0.78 mg l⁻¹ had a significant effect on the TAN excretion rate, with pronounced ammonia uptake occurring for all animals at this concentration. The third study investigated the effects of body weight, diurnal rhythm, feeding and emersion on lobster oxygen consumption. Body weight was positively correlated to both standard and active oxygen consumption (mg O2 h⁻¹) while body weight was negatively correlated to mass-specific standard oxygen uptake (mg O2 g⁻¹ h⁻¹). Diurnal rhythm exhibited a strong effect on the lobsters oxygen consumption, with average night time values 67% greater than those recorded during the day. This was related to activity driven by intrinsic nocturnal foraging behaviour. Feeding resulted in a classic specific dynamic action (SDA) response, with postprandial oxygen consumption increasing to a peak before decreasing gradually to preprandial levels. Emersion resulted in a significant increase in oxygen consumption, with lobsters rapidly recovering to pre-emersion levels after four hours. Results from these studies suggest that the capture, transport and culture of juvenile P. h. rubellus is biologically feasible. Empirical data generated were used to provide recommendations regarding species optimised transport and culture protocols. A purge time of 48 hours before transport is suggested to ensure that ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption are at basal levels. Furthermore, emersed transport for a period of one hour is characterised by rapid recovery upon re-immersion. In order to prevent the accumulation of stressors, it is suggested that consecutive periods of emersion are interjected with recovery periods (five hours) in water to allow the removal of accumulated ammonia and repayment of the oxygen debt incurred. The recorded ammonia rates indicate that a biological filter size of 4.8 m³ is recommended for 1000 kg of fed lobsters in a culture situation, although this can be reduced considerably if lobsters are being held without feeding (0.72 m³). A flow rate of 112 l kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ is required to meet the metabolic requirements of lobsters. Bottlenecks to the viable commercial culture of P. h. rubellus, and the ability of this practice to provide the socio-economic benefits that were envisioned, are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Kemp, Justin Oliver Gordon
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Lobster fisheries -- South Africa , Lobster culture -- South Africa , Lobsters -- Growth -- South Africa , Mariculture -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5299 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005144
- Description: In a context of declining capture fisheries and public pressure for greater access to marine resources, marine aquaculture is receiving increasing interest from the South African government as a means to increase the diversity of economic activities in coastal regions, thereby providing employment and reducing poverty. The east coast rock lobster Panulirus homarus rubellus is currently harvested by subsistence fisherman along the former Transkei coastline of south-east South Africa and presents a possible opportunity for ongrowing wild juvenile lobsters in culture facilities. Lack of compliance coupled with poor enforcement of the minimum size limit (65 mm carapace length) has resulted in the ongoing harvest of undersize size lobsters by subsistence fishers. Generally, fishers either consume these undersize lobsters or sell them to tourists for low prices. In line with international trends in rock lobster aquaculture, interest has subsequently arisen in the possibilities of ongrowing these undersize lobsters as a means of adding value to the P. h rubellus resource for subsistence fishers. The aim of this physiological study was to assess the biological feasibility of harvesting, transporting and culturing wild caught juvenile lobsters, thereby provide empirical data to inform the development of suitable transport and culture protocols. The experimental objectives were to asses the effect of temperature on growth and survival of P. h. rubellus, as well as the effects of a suite of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption. Juvenile lobsters were collected by hand from near-shore reefs (2-15 m depth) off Mdumbi in the former Transkei, Eastern Cape Province and transported by road (7 hours) to the Port Alfred Marine Research Laboratory where they were held in a recirculating culture system. The effect of temperature over a range of 9.7 °C (18.9±0.7 to 28.6±1.5 °C) on the growth and survival of juvenile P. h. rubellus fed a diet of fresh mussel flesh was investigated. Specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly different between temperatures (p = 0.01), with the highest values recorded for the 24 °C and 28 °C treatments. There was no significant difference in moult increment (MI) between temperatures, however, intermoult period (IMP) differed significantly between temperatures (p = 0.0015) with mean IMP lowest at 24 °C, although not significantly different from the means of the 26 °C and 28 °C treatments. IMP was highest at 19 °C and 21 °C. Apparent feed intake was significantly different between treatments (p < 0.0001) and exhibited a strong positive correlation with increasing temperature. Food conversion ratio (FCR) differed significantly between temperatures (p = 0.02) with 24 °C exhibiting the most efficient FCR. The results for growth rate and food conversion efficiency suggested that 24 °C is optimal for the growout of juvenile P. h. rubellus. In the second study, the effect of body weight, emersion, daily rhythm, feeding and ambient ammonia on the total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion rate was investigated. Body weight (n = 16, range of 16.8 – 322 g) was positively correlated to daytime TAN excretion rate (mg h⁻¹). Re-immersion after one hour emersion in a moist environment was characterized by a significant increase in TAN excretion rate for the first hour compared to pre-immersion levels. The amount of TAN excreted during this period was as expected if basal TAN excretion rates were maintained during emersion. TAN excretion rates returned to pre-emersion levels by the end of the second hour. There was no evidence of a daily rhythm in TAN excretion rate for P. h. rubellus. TAN excretion rates were elevated following feeding. An initial peak in TAN excretion rate after seven hours (7.58 times pre-feeding rate) was followed by a smaller peak after 13 hours (6.69 times pre-feeding rate). TAN excretion rate dropped to levels not significantly different from pre-feeding levels after 23 hours and consistently returned to pre-feeding levels after 42 hours. The TAN excretion rates of lobster exposed for two hours to an ambient TAN concentration of 1.02±0.10 mg l⁻¹ and 2.3± 0.2 mg l⁻¹ were not significantly different from TAN excretion rates recorded at low ambient water TAN prior to exposure. Exposure to an ambient TAN concentration of 4.45±0.78 mg l⁻¹ had a significant effect on the TAN excretion rate, with pronounced ammonia uptake occurring for all animals at this concentration. The third study investigated the effects of body weight, diurnal rhythm, feeding and emersion on lobster oxygen consumption. Body weight was positively correlated to both standard and active oxygen consumption (mg O2 h⁻¹) while body weight was negatively correlated to mass-specific standard oxygen uptake (mg O2 g⁻¹ h⁻¹). Diurnal rhythm exhibited a strong effect on the lobsters oxygen consumption, with average night time values 67% greater than those recorded during the day. This was related to activity driven by intrinsic nocturnal foraging behaviour. Feeding resulted in a classic specific dynamic action (SDA) response, with postprandial oxygen consumption increasing to a peak before decreasing gradually to preprandial levels. Emersion resulted in a significant increase in oxygen consumption, with lobsters rapidly recovering to pre-emersion levels after four hours. Results from these studies suggest that the capture, transport and culture of juvenile P. h. rubellus is biologically feasible. Empirical data generated were used to provide recommendations regarding species optimised transport and culture protocols. A purge time of 48 hours before transport is suggested to ensure that ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption are at basal levels. Furthermore, emersed transport for a period of one hour is characterised by rapid recovery upon re-immersion. In order to prevent the accumulation of stressors, it is suggested that consecutive periods of emersion are interjected with recovery periods (five hours) in water to allow the removal of accumulated ammonia and repayment of the oxygen debt incurred. The recorded ammonia rates indicate that a biological filter size of 4.8 m³ is recommended for 1000 kg of fed lobsters in a culture situation, although this can be reduced considerably if lobsters are being held without feeding (0.72 m³). A flow rate of 112 l kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ is required to meet the metabolic requirements of lobsters. Bottlenecks to the viable commercial culture of P. h. rubellus, and the ability of this practice to provide the socio-economic benefits that were envisioned, are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Participatory human development in post-apartheid South Africa: a discussion of the 2006/7 Tantyi Youth Empowerment Project
- Authors: Kulundu, Injairu M
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Spirals Trust (South Africa) Community development -- South Africa -- Citizen participation Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Citizen participation Youth in development -- South Africa Non-governmental organizations -- South Africa Post-apartheid era -- South Africa South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1994-
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2791 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003001
- Description: This thesis relates the work of a non-governmental organisation, The Spirals Trust, to discussions on human and participatory development. The focus of the study is one of The Spirals Trust’s projects, the 2006/7 Tantyi Youth Empowerment Project, which is discussed in relation to theoretical material on human development and participatory development. Collectively these perspectives are defined in this thesis as ‘participatory human development’. The 2006/7 Tantyi Youth Empowerment Project illustrates some of the challenges that face the practice of participatory human development. Workshops and focus group interviews were conducted with participants who were part of the 2006/7 Tantyi Youth Empowerment Project in order to draw out their experiences of the project. Questions were created from themes that emerged from the participants’ discussion of their experiences and these questions were then posed to members of staff of The Spirals Trust. The experiences of both the participants and the staff members are discussed in order to explore issues that emerge in the practice of participatory human development in the 2006/7 Tantyi Youth Empowerment Project. The results highlight the challenges of putting into action the tenets of participatory human development. Feedback showed that a focus on personal development can help cultivate the ethic of participation. The effort that this entailed on the part of facilitators is discussed. The importance of exposing and continually working with power dynamics that may emerge in projects of this nature is revealed and the eroding influence of bureaucratic compliance in projects like this one is explored. The study also suggests that there is a need to promote development initiatives that challenge the political status quo rather than just finding ways to incorporate the marginalised more effectively into current systems. New questions that the research poses to the practice of participatory human development are considered in conjunction with suggestions for further research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Kulundu, Injairu M
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Spirals Trust (South Africa) Community development -- South Africa -- Citizen participation Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Citizen participation Youth in development -- South Africa Non-governmental organizations -- South Africa Post-apartheid era -- South Africa South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1994-
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2791 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003001
- Description: This thesis relates the work of a non-governmental organisation, The Spirals Trust, to discussions on human and participatory development. The focus of the study is one of The Spirals Trust’s projects, the 2006/7 Tantyi Youth Empowerment Project, which is discussed in relation to theoretical material on human development and participatory development. Collectively these perspectives are defined in this thesis as ‘participatory human development’. The 2006/7 Tantyi Youth Empowerment Project illustrates some of the challenges that face the practice of participatory human development. Workshops and focus group interviews were conducted with participants who were part of the 2006/7 Tantyi Youth Empowerment Project in order to draw out their experiences of the project. Questions were created from themes that emerged from the participants’ discussion of their experiences and these questions were then posed to members of staff of The Spirals Trust. The experiences of both the participants and the staff members are discussed in order to explore issues that emerge in the practice of participatory human development in the 2006/7 Tantyi Youth Empowerment Project. The results highlight the challenges of putting into action the tenets of participatory human development. Feedback showed that a focus on personal development can help cultivate the ethic of participation. The effort that this entailed on the part of facilitators is discussed. The importance of exposing and continually working with power dynamics that may emerge in projects of this nature is revealed and the eroding influence of bureaucratic compliance in projects like this one is explored. The study also suggests that there is a need to promote development initiatives that challenge the political status quo rather than just finding ways to incorporate the marginalised more effectively into current systems. New questions that the research poses to the practice of participatory human development are considered in conjunction with suggestions for further research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
An exploration of entrepreneurship within established family businesses in Grahamstown
- Authors: Lancaster, Talia Grace Palm
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Family-owned business enterprises -- Research -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Entrepreneurship -- Research -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Small business -- Research -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3006 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002515
- Description: Family businesses make up a large number of businesses in South Africa, although they are not often researched. Many of these family businesses are SME (Small and Medium Enterprises), however they contribute substantially to the local economy, as well as job creation. Despite their extensive presence there is a very poor success rate of family businesses. One of the reasons for their low success rate could be the seemingly increased conservative nature of family businesses over time. Thus, a look into entrepreneurial processes, which promote adaptation, innovation and learning, may give family businesses a competitive advantage. An Abbreviated Grounded Theory approach was used to explore the presence, if any, of entrepreneurial processes within established family businesses in Grahamstown. Two generations of family owners as well as a non-family employee across four local businesses were interviewed. The results show that all four business show signs of entrepreneurship within their business, these include: risk taking, creativity, active competition, opportunity grasping and change. Previous generations within the business also showed signs of learning new technology, in turn the new generations learnt from the experience that their parents have had in the businesses. The results show that family businesses are capable of change, adaptation and learning, thus it may enable consultants and future researchers to strengthen family businesses across generations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Lancaster, Talia Grace Palm
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Family-owned business enterprises -- Research -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Entrepreneurship -- Research -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Small business -- Research -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3006 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002515
- Description: Family businesses make up a large number of businesses in South Africa, although they are not often researched. Many of these family businesses are SME (Small and Medium Enterprises), however they contribute substantially to the local economy, as well as job creation. Despite their extensive presence there is a very poor success rate of family businesses. One of the reasons for their low success rate could be the seemingly increased conservative nature of family businesses over time. Thus, a look into entrepreneurial processes, which promote adaptation, innovation and learning, may give family businesses a competitive advantage. An Abbreviated Grounded Theory approach was used to explore the presence, if any, of entrepreneurial processes within established family businesses in Grahamstown. Two generations of family owners as well as a non-family employee across four local businesses were interviewed. The results show that all four business show signs of entrepreneurship within their business, these include: risk taking, creativity, active competition, opportunity grasping and change. Previous generations within the business also showed signs of learning new technology, in turn the new generations learnt from the experience that their parents have had in the businesses. The results show that family businesses are capable of change, adaptation and learning, thus it may enable consultants and future researchers to strengthen family businesses across generations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanotubes using electrochemical anodization technique for solar cell applications
- Authors: Lupiwana, Mpheleki
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Titanium dioxide Nanostructured materials Nanotubes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Chemistry
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11795 , vital:39107
- Description: High demand on energy conversion in dye-sensitized solar solar cells (DSSCs), requires development of well-organized TiO2 nanotube (TNT) structures because of their large surface area-to-volume ratio, superior lifetime and provision of optimal pathways for electron percolation. In this work TiO2 nanotube membranes with an average length of 2.40 μm and average pore diameter of 41.08 nm have been fabricated using electrochemical anodisation employing an organic electrolyte consisting of 0.5wt.percent NH4F + 3 vol percent H2O + Glycerol at an applied voltage of 60 V for 12 hours. The fabricated TNTs were annealed at different annealing temperatures. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that anodisation at these conditions yields nanotubes with periodic rings which present the roughness of the walls. Surface SEM images have revealed the presence of porous structures on the fabricated TNT membranes. Also evident from SEM cross-sectional images are multi-layered TiO2 nanotubes with top and bottom layers. The effect of annealing temperature on the structural, morphological and topographical has been investigated for TNTs. Surface SEM morphological analyses have revealed that the surface morphology of the annealed TNTs membranes changes with an increase in annealing temperature from 350°C to 650°C. The surface SEM analysis has revealed that as the annealing temperature increases the fabricated nanotubes deforms and collapses at annealing temperatures above 550°C. The TNTs annealed at 350°C have a modal pore size of 34.56 nm which is somewhat smaller compared to the TNTs annealed at 650°C with a modal pore size of 31.05 nm. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) topographical measurements have confirmed the presence of porous structure on the surface of the as-annealed TNTs with a modal pore diameter decreasing with increasing in annealing temperature. SEM-EDS analysis have revealed the presence of Ti, O and C and no other additional impurities. The presence of Ti and O confirms the successful electro-anodization of titanium metal sheets to TNTs. C must be due to glycerol electrolyte that got absorbed onto the TNTs structured during electro anodization. Structure investigation through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis has revealed that as-anodised TNTs have peaks at 2Ɵ positions 35.62°, 39.02°, 40.76°, 53.55°, 63.49°, 71.14°, and 76.71° belonging to the amorphous phase of TiO2. Additionally XRD analysis has revealed that for the annealed samples in the temperature range from 350°C to 450°C have peaks at 24.66° (101), 27.11° (110) belonging Anatase and Rutile phase of TiO2 respectively. Confocal Raman Spectroscopy (CRM) image analysis through a large area scan, and Raman depth profiling have also been used to evaluate the phase changes in TNTs annealed at different temperatures. CRM large area scan and depth profiling has revealed the presence of Anatase phase of TiO2 with Raman vibration modes at 142.37 cm-1, 199.04 cm-1, 394.67 cm-1,516.16 cm-1 and 639.29 cm-1 and the presence of some Rutile phase of TiO2 peaks with Raman vibration modes at 445.26 cm-1 and 612.07 cm-1. These findings were correlated to the XRD analysis, SEM analysis as well as AFM. In XRD the transformation of Anatase to Rutile phase was observed as the annealing temperature increased, that was also supported by SEM analysis whereby nanotube structures collapsed and deformed as annealing temperature increased due to phase transformation. In AFM pore diameter decreased as annealing temperature increases, which was also due to the effect of phase transformation observed in XRD and CRM. These findings showed that TiO2 nanotube membranes were successfully fabricated, which may have wide applications in the development of electronic materials for the solar devices.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Lupiwana, Mpheleki
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Titanium dioxide Nanostructured materials Nanotubes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Chemistry
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11795 , vital:39107
- Description: High demand on energy conversion in dye-sensitized solar solar cells (DSSCs), requires development of well-organized TiO2 nanotube (TNT) structures because of their large surface area-to-volume ratio, superior lifetime and provision of optimal pathways for electron percolation. In this work TiO2 nanotube membranes with an average length of 2.40 μm and average pore diameter of 41.08 nm have been fabricated using electrochemical anodisation employing an organic electrolyte consisting of 0.5wt.percent NH4F + 3 vol percent H2O + Glycerol at an applied voltage of 60 V for 12 hours. The fabricated TNTs were annealed at different annealing temperatures. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that anodisation at these conditions yields nanotubes with periodic rings which present the roughness of the walls. Surface SEM images have revealed the presence of porous structures on the fabricated TNT membranes. Also evident from SEM cross-sectional images are multi-layered TiO2 nanotubes with top and bottom layers. The effect of annealing temperature on the structural, morphological and topographical has been investigated for TNTs. Surface SEM morphological analyses have revealed that the surface morphology of the annealed TNTs membranes changes with an increase in annealing temperature from 350°C to 650°C. The surface SEM analysis has revealed that as the annealing temperature increases the fabricated nanotubes deforms and collapses at annealing temperatures above 550°C. The TNTs annealed at 350°C have a modal pore size of 34.56 nm which is somewhat smaller compared to the TNTs annealed at 650°C with a modal pore size of 31.05 nm. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) topographical measurements have confirmed the presence of porous structure on the surface of the as-annealed TNTs with a modal pore diameter decreasing with increasing in annealing temperature. SEM-EDS analysis have revealed the presence of Ti, O and C and no other additional impurities. The presence of Ti and O confirms the successful electro-anodization of titanium metal sheets to TNTs. C must be due to glycerol electrolyte that got absorbed onto the TNTs structured during electro anodization. Structure investigation through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis has revealed that as-anodised TNTs have peaks at 2Ɵ positions 35.62°, 39.02°, 40.76°, 53.55°, 63.49°, 71.14°, and 76.71° belonging to the amorphous phase of TiO2. Additionally XRD analysis has revealed that for the annealed samples in the temperature range from 350°C to 450°C have peaks at 24.66° (101), 27.11° (110) belonging Anatase and Rutile phase of TiO2 respectively. Confocal Raman Spectroscopy (CRM) image analysis through a large area scan, and Raman depth profiling have also been used to evaluate the phase changes in TNTs annealed at different temperatures. CRM large area scan and depth profiling has revealed the presence of Anatase phase of TiO2 with Raman vibration modes at 142.37 cm-1, 199.04 cm-1, 394.67 cm-1,516.16 cm-1 and 639.29 cm-1 and the presence of some Rutile phase of TiO2 peaks with Raman vibration modes at 445.26 cm-1 and 612.07 cm-1. These findings were correlated to the XRD analysis, SEM analysis as well as AFM. In XRD the transformation of Anatase to Rutile phase was observed as the annealing temperature increased, that was also supported by SEM analysis whereby nanotube structures collapsed and deformed as annealing temperature increased due to phase transformation. In AFM pore diameter decreased as annealing temperature increases, which was also due to the effect of phase transformation observed in XRD and CRM. These findings showed that TiO2 nanotube membranes were successfully fabricated, which may have wide applications in the development of electronic materials for the solar devices.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An analysis of the correlation beween packet loss and network delay on the perfomance of congested networks and their impact: case study University of Fort Hare
- Authors: Lutshete, Sizwe
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Computer network protocols -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Packet switching (Data transmission) , Cactus -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Network analysis (Planning) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Network performance (Telecommunication) , Network Time Protocol (Computer network protocol)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Computer Science)
- Identifier: vital:11393 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006843 , Computer network protocols -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Packet switching (Data transmission) , Cactus -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Network analysis (Planning) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Network performance (Telecommunication) , Network Time Protocol (Computer network protocol)
- Description: In this paper we study packet delay and loss rate at the University of Fort Hare network. The focus of this paper is to evaluate the information derived from a multipoint measurement of, University of Fort Hare network which will be collected for a duration of three Months during June 2011 to August 2011 at the TSC uplink and Ethernet hubs outside and inside relative to the Internet firewall host. The specific value of this data set lies in the end to end instrumentation of all devices operating at the packet level, combined with the duration of observation. We will provide measures for the normal day−to−day operation of the University of fort hare network both at off-peak and during peak hours. We expect to show the impact of delay and loss rate at the University of Fort Hare network. The data set will include a number of areas, where service quality (delay and packet loss) is extreme, moderate, good and we will examine the causes and impacts on network users.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Lutshete, Sizwe
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Computer network protocols -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Packet switching (Data transmission) , Cactus -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Network analysis (Planning) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Network performance (Telecommunication) , Network Time Protocol (Computer network protocol)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Computer Science)
- Identifier: vital:11393 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006843 , Computer network protocols -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Packet switching (Data transmission) , Cactus -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Network analysis (Planning) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Network performance (Telecommunication) , Network Time Protocol (Computer network protocol)
- Description: In this paper we study packet delay and loss rate at the University of Fort Hare network. The focus of this paper is to evaluate the information derived from a multipoint measurement of, University of Fort Hare network which will be collected for a duration of three Months during June 2011 to August 2011 at the TSC uplink and Ethernet hubs outside and inside relative to the Internet firewall host. The specific value of this data set lies in the end to end instrumentation of all devices operating at the packet level, combined with the duration of observation. We will provide measures for the normal day−to−day operation of the University of fort hare network both at off-peak and during peak hours. We expect to show the impact of delay and loss rate at the University of Fort Hare network. The data set will include a number of areas, where service quality (delay and packet loss) is extreme, moderate, good and we will examine the causes and impacts on network users.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013