Blended Agile Learning of Computer Architecture under COVID
- Authors: Machanick, Philip
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/439141 , vital:73550 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Grant-Ooster-wyk/publication/375547243_Beyond_the_Hype_A_Cautionary_Tale_of_ChatGPT_in_the_Programming_Classroom/links/654e3009b1398a779d76a75e/Beyond-the-Hype-A-Cautionary-Tale-of-ChatGPT-in-the-Programming-Classroom.pdf#page=45
- Description: The COVID-19 pandemic presented unique challenges. 2021 was an interesting year because we had overcome the worst of the teething problems of remote learning but were able to resume some in-person activities. I present experiences from a second-year computer architecture course that I have taught since 2014 to illustrate that some lessons from operating under pandemic conditions can apply to running courses under more normal conditions. 2021 was an interesting year because we reintroduced in-person pracs partway through this course, allowing students to reflect on the difference this made. Reflection on what did and did not work in the course points to possible improvements in pedagogy in more “normal” times. In isolation, the very positive feedback in a course survey may be flattering but there are useful insights to be drawn from what worked. Drawing on ideas from the social construction model of education, where students should be actively involved in learning, and agile software development, results in some insights that may generalize. The kind of feedback that is part of agile development can be layered on top of formative assessment. Empathy with difficulties faced by a class can make a class more involved in the strategy for course delivery. In 2022, without COVID constraints, some of the lessons were applied with positive outcomes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
- Authors: Machanick, Philip
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/439141 , vital:73550 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Grant-Ooster-wyk/publication/375547243_Beyond_the_Hype_A_Cautionary_Tale_of_ChatGPT_in_the_Programming_Classroom/links/654e3009b1398a779d76a75e/Beyond-the-Hype-A-Cautionary-Tale-of-ChatGPT-in-the-Programming-Classroom.pdf#page=45
- Description: The COVID-19 pandemic presented unique challenges. 2021 was an interesting year because we had overcome the worst of the teething problems of remote learning but were able to resume some in-person activities. I present experiences from a second-year computer architecture course that I have taught since 2014 to illustrate that some lessons from operating under pandemic conditions can apply to running courses under more normal conditions. 2021 was an interesting year because we reintroduced in-person pracs partway through this course, allowing students to reflect on the difference this made. Reflection on what did and did not work in the course points to possible improvements in pedagogy in more “normal” times. In isolation, the very positive feedback in a course survey may be flattering but there are useful insights to be drawn from what worked. Drawing on ideas from the social construction model of education, where students should be actively involved in learning, and agile software development, results in some insights that may generalize. The kind of feedback that is part of agile development can be layered on top of formative assessment. Empathy with difficulties faced by a class can make a class more involved in the strategy for course delivery. In 2022, without COVID constraints, some of the lessons were applied with positive outcomes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
Grandmothers of the sea: Stories and lessons from five Xhosa ocean elders
- Francis, Buhle, McGarry Dylan K
- Authors: Francis, Buhle , McGarry Dylan K
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433926 , vital:73010 , ISBN 9781003355199 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003355199-12/grandmothers-sea-buhle-francis-dylan-mcgarry
- Description: We surface a historical, political, spiritual, economic and cultural analysis made by five Xhosa Grandmothers based in the Eastern Cape, regarding their entangled relationship with the Ocean. A nuanced, complex relationship with the ocean and the politics of natural resource management in South Africa emerged from our interviews, as scholar-activists, with these Grandmothers, and this chapter attempts to explore how a gendered upbringing, with its associated roles and responsibilities, have created a unique relationship with the ocean that must be understood in all its nuanced and complex facets. We explore how the identities and values of these Xhosa Grandmothers are relationally entangled with the ocean and politics of South Africa, and explore the deep ecological knowledge that they hold, yet is shamelessly ignored. Through their own renderings, we unpack the rich understanding of marine species, customary rights, ocean policy and governance practices that impact, impede and complicate their lives. Working with first-hand accounts (stories translated from Xhosa), the Grandmothers provide a nuanced and brazen analysis of the status quo of ocean governance, ocean literacy and policy. They unpack what interventions are needed, and call for a response that recognises Grandmothers as central to South Africa’s wellbeing, a health that sits precariously with the complex realities of older women’s entangled and diverse vulnerabilities. Finally, the firsthand accounts and analyses made by the Grandmothers, offer a politically rigorous contribution to the field of hydrofeminism, one told in their own way, using their own idiomatic rendering, with their own metaphors and figurations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
- Authors: Francis, Buhle , McGarry Dylan K
- Date: 2023
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433926 , vital:73010 , ISBN 9781003355199 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003355199-12/grandmothers-sea-buhle-francis-dylan-mcgarry
- Description: We surface a historical, political, spiritual, economic and cultural analysis made by five Xhosa Grandmothers based in the Eastern Cape, regarding their entangled relationship with the Ocean. A nuanced, complex relationship with the ocean and the politics of natural resource management in South Africa emerged from our interviews, as scholar-activists, with these Grandmothers, and this chapter attempts to explore how a gendered upbringing, with its associated roles and responsibilities, have created a unique relationship with the ocean that must be understood in all its nuanced and complex facets. We explore how the identities and values of these Xhosa Grandmothers are relationally entangled with the ocean and politics of South Africa, and explore the deep ecological knowledge that they hold, yet is shamelessly ignored. Through their own renderings, we unpack the rich understanding of marine species, customary rights, ocean policy and governance practices that impact, impede and complicate their lives. Working with first-hand accounts (stories translated from Xhosa), the Grandmothers provide a nuanced and brazen analysis of the status quo of ocean governance, ocean literacy and policy. They unpack what interventions are needed, and call for a response that recognises Grandmothers as central to South Africa’s wellbeing, a health that sits precariously with the complex realities of older women’s entangled and diverse vulnerabilities. Finally, the firsthand accounts and analyses made by the Grandmothers, offer a politically rigorous contribution to the field of hydrofeminism, one told in their own way, using their own idiomatic rendering, with their own metaphors and figurations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023
Comparison of Task Scheduling Algorithms for Traffic Surveillance Application Using Fog Computing
- Sinqadu, Mluleki, Shibeshi, Zelalem S, Khalid, Khuram
- Authors: Sinqadu, Mluleki , Shibeshi, Zelalem S , Khalid, Khuram
- Date: 2022
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429150 , vital:72563 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89776-5_3
- Description: One of the issues that service consumers face when using cloud-based solutions is the delay in processing large and real-time data. Fog computing has been introduced as a solution to this issue since it allows the data to be processed at the edge of a network while enabling different tasks to be scheduled for processing in fog devices at the edge network. These devices still require cloud resources to give them the capacity of processing real-time applications. However, scheduling these tasks must be made in such a way that they do not consume all the available resources on a fog device. When a task consumes all available resources, it can lead to network breakdown or high latency which is not acceptable for real-time applications. Therefore, to address this problem, this chapter proposes a task scheduling technique for traffic surveillance vehicular network application through smart cameras. We used the iFogSim simulator, where the scenario of vehicle tracking is considered. Simulations are conducted to find an efficient scheduling algorithm among a pool of available ones that can optimize the energy consumption and average delay of our proposed real-time application model. The results show that the First Come First Serve (FCFS) scheduling algorithm outperforms the Short Job First (SJF), Generalized Priority (GP) and Round Robin (RR) counterparts in terms of average latency, energy usage, execution time and network usage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Sinqadu, Mluleki , Shibeshi, Zelalem S , Khalid, Khuram
- Date: 2022
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429150 , vital:72563 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89776-5_3
- Description: One of the issues that service consumers face when using cloud-based solutions is the delay in processing large and real-time data. Fog computing has been introduced as a solution to this issue since it allows the data to be processed at the edge of a network while enabling different tasks to be scheduled for processing in fog devices at the edge network. These devices still require cloud resources to give them the capacity of processing real-time applications. However, scheduling these tasks must be made in such a way that they do not consume all the available resources on a fog device. When a task consumes all available resources, it can lead to network breakdown or high latency which is not acceptable for real-time applications. Therefore, to address this problem, this chapter proposes a task scheduling technique for traffic surveillance vehicular network application through smart cameras. We used the iFogSim simulator, where the scenario of vehicle tracking is considered. Simulations are conducted to find an efficient scheduling algorithm among a pool of available ones that can optimize the energy consumption and average delay of our proposed real-time application model. The results show that the First Come First Serve (FCFS) scheduling algorithm outperforms the Short Job First (SJF), Generalized Priority (GP) and Round Robin (RR) counterparts in terms of average latency, energy usage, execution time and network usage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Methods for assessing the quality of AM fungal bio-fertilizer: Retrospect and future directions
- Agnihotri, R, Sharma, M P, Bucking, H, Dames, Joanna F, Bagyaraj, D J
- Authors: Agnihotri, R , Sharma, M P , Bucking, H , Dames, Joanna F , Bagyaraj, D J
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/448626 , vital:74747 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-022-03288-3
- Description: In the recent past, the mass production of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has bloomed into a large biofertilizer industry. Due to their obligate symbiotic nature, these fungi are propagated on living roots in substrate-based pot cultures and RiTDNA in in vitro or root organ culture systems. The quality assessment of AM inocula remains critical for the production and efficacy evaluation of AM fungi. The vigour of AM inocula are assessed through microscopic methods such as inoculum potential, infectivity potential/infection units, most probable number (MPN) and spore density. These methods marginally depend on the researcher’s skill. The signature lipids specific to AM fungi, e.g. 16:1ω5cis ester-linked, phospholipid, and neutral lipid fatty acids provide more robustness and reproducibility. The quantitative real-time PCR of AM fungal taxa specific primers and probes analyzing gene copy number is also increasingly used. This article intends to sensitize AM fungal researchers and inoculum manufacturers to various methods of assessing the quality of AM inocula addressing their merits and demerits. This will help AM producers to fulfil the regulatory requirements ensuring the supply of high-quality AM inocula to end-users, and tap a new dimension of AM research in the commercial production of AM fungi and its application in sustainable plant production systems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Agnihotri, R , Sharma, M P , Bucking, H , Dames, Joanna F , Bagyaraj, D J
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/448626 , vital:74747 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-022-03288-3
- Description: In the recent past, the mass production of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has bloomed into a large biofertilizer industry. Due to their obligate symbiotic nature, these fungi are propagated on living roots in substrate-based pot cultures and RiTDNA in in vitro or root organ culture systems. The quality assessment of AM inocula remains critical for the production and efficacy evaluation of AM fungi. The vigour of AM inocula are assessed through microscopic methods such as inoculum potential, infectivity potential/infection units, most probable number (MPN) and spore density. These methods marginally depend on the researcher’s skill. The signature lipids specific to AM fungi, e.g. 16:1ω5cis ester-linked, phospholipid, and neutral lipid fatty acids provide more robustness and reproducibility. The quantitative real-time PCR of AM fungal taxa specific primers and probes analyzing gene copy number is also increasingly used. This article intends to sensitize AM fungal researchers and inoculum manufacturers to various methods of assessing the quality of AM inocula addressing their merits and demerits. This will help AM producers to fulfil the regulatory requirements ensuring the supply of high-quality AM inocula to end-users, and tap a new dimension of AM research in the commercial production of AM fungi and its application in sustainable plant production systems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Refining youth sexualities empowerment programmes: The development of the Masizixhobise Toolkit based on a critical sexual and reproductive citizenship framework
- Macleod, Catriona I, Moore, Sarah-Ann
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Moore, Sarah-Ann
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434158 , vital:73035 , ISBN 9781003139782 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139782-15/refining-youth-sexualities-empowerment-programmes-catriona-ida-macleod-sarah-moore
- Description: Youth sexualities programmes frequently focus on empowering young people in relation to sexual decision-making and interactions. Within these programmes, however, empowerment is mostly equated with the individualised concepts of self-efficacy and agency to the exclusion of interpersonal and social (i.e. collective) components. Resultantly, the social justice aspects of empowerment may be overlooked. Noting this, some researchers have argued for the adoption of a broader, integrative conceptualisation of empowerment. Macleod’s and Vincent’s critical sexual and reproductive citizenship (CSRC) framework provides such a conceptualisation. This framework draws from feminist re-workings of the principles of citizenship and applies these to understandings of CSRC. Based on this framework, key issues for consideration in programmes are: sexual and reproductive citizenship as status and practice; situated agency; differentiated universalism; the interweaving of the private and public; and the politics of recognition, redistribution and reparation. This chapter discusses the development of a programme refinement toolkit based on a CSRC framework, named the Masizixhobise Toolkit; how the elements outlined above were operationalised into questions; an illustrative example; and the partnership formed with a youth empowerment non-governmental organisation in developing the toolkit.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I , Moore, Sarah-Ann
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434158 , vital:73035 , ISBN 9781003139782 , https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003139782-15/refining-youth-sexualities-empowerment-programmes-catriona-ida-macleod-sarah-moore
- Description: Youth sexualities programmes frequently focus on empowering young people in relation to sexual decision-making and interactions. Within these programmes, however, empowerment is mostly equated with the individualised concepts of self-efficacy and agency to the exclusion of interpersonal and social (i.e. collective) components. Resultantly, the social justice aspects of empowerment may be overlooked. Noting this, some researchers have argued for the adoption of a broader, integrative conceptualisation of empowerment. Macleod’s and Vincent’s critical sexual and reproductive citizenship (CSRC) framework provides such a conceptualisation. This framework draws from feminist re-workings of the principles of citizenship and applies these to understandings of CSRC. Based on this framework, key issues for consideration in programmes are: sexual and reproductive citizenship as status and practice; situated agency; differentiated universalism; the interweaving of the private and public; and the politics of recognition, redistribution and reparation. This chapter discusses the development of a programme refinement toolkit based on a CSRC framework, named the Masizixhobise Toolkit; how the elements outlined above were operationalised into questions; an illustrative example; and the partnership formed with a youth empowerment non-governmental organisation in developing the toolkit.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Reflections from early-career researchers on the past, present and future of doctoral education
- Mason, Shannon, Lévesque, Maude, Meki-Kombe, Charity, Abel, Sophie, Balaban, Corina, Chiappa, Roxana, Grund, Martin, Joubert, Biandri, Kuchumova, Gulfiya, Mantai, Lilia, Main, Joyce, Motshoane, Puleng, Qi, Jing, Steyn, Ronel, Zheng, Gaoming
- Authors: Mason, Shannon , Lévesque, Maude , Meki-Kombe, Charity , Abel, Sophie , Balaban, Corina , Chiappa, Roxana , Grund, Martin , Joubert, Biandri , Kuchumova, Gulfiya , Mantai, Lilia , Main, Joyce , Motshoane, Puleng , Qi, Jing , Steyn, Ronel , Zheng, Gaoming
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434543 , vital:73075 , ISBN 9781800080218 , https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/58197/1/9781800080188.pdf#page=264
- Description: Early-career researchers (ECRs) played a unique and explicit role in the development of the Hannover Recommendations 2019. We, the ECRs, were the recipients of competitive travel scholarships generously funded by Volkswagen Stiftung, whose support brought us together from across the globe. Attendance at the culminating conference in Germany presented an opportunity for some that would have otherwise been inaccessible without that support. Our role was to work alongside established scholars to design and develop a set of recommendations to provide a foundation for the future of doctoral education internationally. We each participated in different capacities, with some members of the group joining preliminary pre-conference online meetings and contributing to group discussions at the workshop in the days prior to the conference, which also involved the drafting of written reports. Others joined later in the process, participating in the discussions that were a central part of the conference proceedings. During the events we also had informal opportunities to discuss issues related to various aspects of doctoral education. Although we participated in varying degrees and contexts, we each contributed to discussions on the current status and future directions of doctoral education globally.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
- Authors: Mason, Shannon , Lévesque, Maude , Meki-Kombe, Charity , Abel, Sophie , Balaban, Corina , Chiappa, Roxana , Grund, Martin , Joubert, Biandri , Kuchumova, Gulfiya , Mantai, Lilia , Main, Joyce , Motshoane, Puleng , Qi, Jing , Steyn, Ronel , Zheng, Gaoming
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/434543 , vital:73075 , ISBN 9781800080218 , https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/58197/1/9781800080188.pdf#page=264
- Description: Early-career researchers (ECRs) played a unique and explicit role in the development of the Hannover Recommendations 2019. We, the ECRs, were the recipients of competitive travel scholarships generously funded by Volkswagen Stiftung, whose support brought us together from across the globe. Attendance at the culminating conference in Germany presented an opportunity for some that would have otherwise been inaccessible without that support. Our role was to work alongside established scholars to design and develop a set of recommendations to provide a foundation for the future of doctoral education internationally. We each participated in different capacities, with some members of the group joining preliminary pre-conference online meetings and contributing to group discussions at the workshop in the days prior to the conference, which also involved the drafting of written reports. Others joined later in the process, participating in the discussions that were a central part of the conference proceedings. During the events we also had informal opportunities to discuss issues related to various aspects of doctoral education. Although we participated in varying degrees and contexts, we each contributed to discussions on the current status and future directions of doctoral education globally.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022
Assisting Learners to Take Up Agency in Problem-Solving Activities
- Lambrechts, Therese, O’Donoghue, Rob B, Schudel, Ingrid J
- Authors: Lambrechts, Therese , O’Donoghue, Rob B , Schudel, Ingrid J
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435099 , vital:73130 , ISBN 9781928502241 , https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/64082
- Description: The study was informed by an expansion of the ‘design research’ reported by McKenny and Reeves (2012) and it developed as a collaborative design process similar to that described by Voogt, Laferriere, Breuleux, Itow, Hickey and McKenny (2015). Voogt et al. approached design research as a successive and developing process of formative work by participants working together to design and assess a learning programme. In our case the design work was undertaken within a course-supported process of ESD design innovation among participating teachers and subject advisors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Lambrechts, Therese , O’Donoghue, Rob B , Schudel, Ingrid J
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435099 , vital:73130 , ISBN 9781928502241 , https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/64082
- Description: The study was informed by an expansion of the ‘design research’ reported by McKenny and Reeves (2012) and it developed as a collaborative design process similar to that described by Voogt, Laferriere, Breuleux, Itow, Hickey and McKenny (2015). Voogt et al. approached design research as a successive and developing process of formative work by participants working together to design and assess a learning programme. In our case the design work was undertaken within a course-supported process of ESD design innovation among participating teachers and subject advisors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Formative Assessment for Quality Environmental Learning in Natural Sciences Classrooms
- Mgoqi, Nomvuyo, Schudel, Ingrid J
- Authors: Mgoqi, Nomvuyo , Schudel, Ingrid J
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435127 , vital:73132 , ISBN 9781928502241 , https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/64082
- Description: The study that informs this chapter aimed at exploring how teachers used formative assessment strategies to support higher order thinking in environmental topics taught in Natural Sciences classrooms (Mgoqi 2019). Higher order thinking is used widely by educational curriculum developers and assessment experts to design test items that measure a variety of thinking skills (Haladyna 2004). For example, the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) Natural Sciences developers have framed low, middle and high order cognitive levels for guiding classroom assessment (South Africa DBE 2011). These levels describe the way in which learners are expected to work with knowledge as follows: knowing (low order); understanding and applying (medium order); and evaluating, analysing and synthesising (high order). These cognitive levels are closely linked to Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning which Zohar and Dori (2003) used to describe higher order thinking as analysing, evaluating and creating. These latter three levels build on the lower order thinking levels of remembering, understanding and applying. These higher order thinking skills are important for environmental learning which promotes ‘critical thinking, understanding complex systems, imagining future scenarios, and making decisions in a participatory and collaborative way’ (Unesco 2014: 33). In this chapter, a revised Bloom’s Taxonomy as proposed by Krathwohl (2002) is discussed and used as a lens to review the cognitive levels evident in the activities planned and implemented by teachers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Mgoqi, Nomvuyo , Schudel, Ingrid J
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435127 , vital:73132 , ISBN 9781928502241 , https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/64082
- Description: The study that informs this chapter aimed at exploring how teachers used formative assessment strategies to support higher order thinking in environmental topics taught in Natural Sciences classrooms (Mgoqi 2019). Higher order thinking is used widely by educational curriculum developers and assessment experts to design test items that measure a variety of thinking skills (Haladyna 2004). For example, the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) Natural Sciences developers have framed low, middle and high order cognitive levels for guiding classroom assessment (South Africa DBE 2011). These levels describe the way in which learners are expected to work with knowledge as follows: knowing (low order); understanding and applying (medium order); and evaluating, analysing and synthesising (high order). These cognitive levels are closely linked to Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning which Zohar and Dori (2003) used to describe higher order thinking as analysing, evaluating and creating. These latter three levels build on the lower order thinking levels of remembering, understanding and applying. These higher order thinking skills are important for environmental learning which promotes ‘critical thinking, understanding complex systems, imagining future scenarios, and making decisions in a participatory and collaborative way’ (Unesco 2014: 33). In this chapter, a revised Bloom’s Taxonomy as proposed by Krathwohl (2002) is discussed and used as a lens to review the cognitive levels evident in the activities planned and implemented by teachers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Macrofauna associated with intertidal mussel beds in the Knysna estuarine embayment, South Africa
- Hodgson, Alan N, Smith, Frances, Smith, Peter, Claasens, Louw
- Authors: Hodgson, Alan N , Smith, Frances , Smith, Peter , Claasens, Louw
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/443554 , vital:74131 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-afzoo_v56_i1_a44
- Description: The alien invasive mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, forms biogenic habitats in the embayment of Knysna Estuary. Invertebrate macrofauna inhabiting mussel beds were sampled from six sites in the embayment. In addition, mussel cover, mussel bed depth, density and size of mussels were recorded. With the exception of two sites (The Heads and Featherbed) where some Perna perna was present, we confirmed that the mussel beds were composed of the invasive species M. galloprovincialis. At The Heads, mussel beds were single-layered and in patches, whereas at other sites they were multi-layered with 100% cover. Bed depth, mussel density and shell size varied among sites. A total of 65 taxa (mainly Crustacea and Mollusca) were identified across all sites with species richness and diversity being significantly different among sites. Forty-three percent of taxa were new records for the estuary. Macrofaunal richness and diversity were highest at the two sites (The Heads and Featherbed) closest to the mouth of the embayment. There were negative relationships between species diversity and mussel density, and diversity and macroinvertebrate abundance. At most sites macrofaunal abundance was dominated by one or two species. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant difference in species composition among sites. Where wave action was present (The Heads, Featherbed and Leisure Isle) only a few deposit feeders were present in the mussel beds. At sites where wave action was minimal (Thesen Wharf, Marina and Railway Bridge) fine silt was present in the mussel matrix and there was an increase in the number of deposit feeding species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Hodgson, Alan N , Smith, Frances , Smith, Peter , Claasens, Louw
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/443554 , vital:74131 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-afzoo_v56_i1_a44
- Description: The alien invasive mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, forms biogenic habitats in the embayment of Knysna Estuary. Invertebrate macrofauna inhabiting mussel beds were sampled from six sites in the embayment. In addition, mussel cover, mussel bed depth, density and size of mussels were recorded. With the exception of two sites (The Heads and Featherbed) where some Perna perna was present, we confirmed that the mussel beds were composed of the invasive species M. galloprovincialis. At The Heads, mussel beds were single-layered and in patches, whereas at other sites they were multi-layered with 100% cover. Bed depth, mussel density and shell size varied among sites. A total of 65 taxa (mainly Crustacea and Mollusca) were identified across all sites with species richness and diversity being significantly different among sites. Forty-three percent of taxa were new records for the estuary. Macrofaunal richness and diversity were highest at the two sites (The Heads and Featherbed) closest to the mouth of the embayment. There were negative relationships between species diversity and mussel density, and diversity and macroinvertebrate abundance. At most sites macrofaunal abundance was dominated by one or two species. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant difference in species composition among sites. Where wave action was present (The Heads, Featherbed and Leisure Isle) only a few deposit feeders were present in the mussel beds. At sites where wave action was minimal (Thesen Wharf, Marina and Railway Bridge) fine silt was present in the mussel matrix and there was an increase in the number of deposit feeding species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Pyrosequencing and phenotypic microarray to decipher bacterial community variation in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench rhizosphere
- Kumar, Ashwani, Dubey, Anamika, Malla, Muneer A, Dames, Joanna F
- Authors: Kumar, Ashwani , Dubey, Anamika , Malla, Muneer A , Dames, Joanna F
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440417 , vital:73781 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-022-03288-3
- Description: Different cultivation practices and climatic conditions play an important role in governing and modulating soil microbial communities as well as soil health. This study investigated, for the first time, keystone microbial taxa inhabiting the rhizosphere of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) under extensive cultivation practices at three different field sites of South Africa (North West-South (ASHSOIL1); Mpumalanga-West – (ASHSOIL2); and Free State-North West – (ASHSOIL3)). Soil analysis of these sites revealed differences in P, K, Mg, and pH. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data revealed that the rhizosphere bacterial microbiome differed significantly both in the structure and composition across the samples. The sequencing data revealed that at the phylum level, the dominant group was Cyanobacteria with a relative abundance of 63.3%, 71.8%, and 81.6% from ASHSOIL1, ASHSOIL2, and ASHSOIL3, respectively. Putative metabolic requirements analyzed by METAGENassist software revealed the ASHSOIL1 sample as the prominent ammonia degrader (21.1%), followed by ASHSOIL3 (17.3%) and ASHSOIL2 (11.1%). The majority of core-microbiome taxa were found to be from Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Functionally, community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) analysis revealed that the metabolic activity of the bacterial community in ASHSOIL3 was the highest, followed by ASHSOIL1 and ASHSOIL2. This study showed that soil pH and nutrient availability and cultivation practices played significant roles in governing the bacterial community composition in the sorghum rhizosphere across the different sites.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Kumar, Ashwani , Dubey, Anamika , Malla, Muneer A , Dames, Joanna F
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/440417 , vital:73781 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-022-03288-3
- Description: Different cultivation practices and climatic conditions play an important role in governing and modulating soil microbial communities as well as soil health. This study investigated, for the first time, keystone microbial taxa inhabiting the rhizosphere of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) under extensive cultivation practices at three different field sites of South Africa (North West-South (ASHSOIL1); Mpumalanga-West – (ASHSOIL2); and Free State-North West – (ASHSOIL3)). Soil analysis of these sites revealed differences in P, K, Mg, and pH. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data revealed that the rhizosphere bacterial microbiome differed significantly both in the structure and composition across the samples. The sequencing data revealed that at the phylum level, the dominant group was Cyanobacteria with a relative abundance of 63.3%, 71.8%, and 81.6% from ASHSOIL1, ASHSOIL2, and ASHSOIL3, respectively. Putative metabolic requirements analyzed by METAGENassist software revealed the ASHSOIL1 sample as the prominent ammonia degrader (21.1%), followed by ASHSOIL3 (17.3%) and ASHSOIL2 (11.1%). The majority of core-microbiome taxa were found to be from Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Functionally, community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) analysis revealed that the metabolic activity of the bacterial community in ASHSOIL3 was the highest, followed by ASHSOIL1 and ASHSOIL2. This study showed that soil pH and nutrient availability and cultivation practices played significant roles in governing the bacterial community composition in the sorghum rhizosphere across the different sites.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Quantifying the shift in network usage upon bandwidth upgrade
- Okuthe, J A, Terzoli, Alfredo
- Authors: Okuthe, J A , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431003 , vital:72735 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06374-9_22
- Description: Traffic flow classification is an important enabler in network design, ca-pacity planning, identification of user requirements and possible track-ing of user population growth based on network usage. In this paper, results from the Internet traffic flow characterization in 1 Mbps commu-nity network for a three-week snapshot representing three months of study show that during peak traffic, the network is overwhelmed and service degradation occurs. When the network is upgraded to 10 Mbps the network bandwidth utilization immediately increases dramatically to close in on the new capacity with 20% left unused during peak traffic. The situation gets worse one month later where the network utilization is only 3% away from the maximum capacity. Traffic categorization show that the applications crossing the network are legitimate and accepta-ble. Since 10 Mbps bandwidth is the capacity that is sustainable for the community and supported by existing technology, bandwidth manage-ment is essential to ensure the network remains usable and continues to provide acceptable user experience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Okuthe, J A , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431003 , vital:72735 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06374-9_22
- Description: Traffic flow classification is an important enabler in network design, ca-pacity planning, identification of user requirements and possible track-ing of user population growth based on network usage. In this paper, results from the Internet traffic flow characterization in 1 Mbps commu-nity network for a three-week snapshot representing three months of study show that during peak traffic, the network is overwhelmed and service degradation occurs. When the network is upgraded to 10 Mbps the network bandwidth utilization immediately increases dramatically to close in on the new capacity with 20% left unused during peak traffic. The situation gets worse one month later where the network utilization is only 3% away from the maximum capacity. Traffic categorization show that the applications crossing the network are legitimate and accepta-ble. Since 10 Mbps bandwidth is the capacity that is sustainable for the community and supported by existing technology, bandwidth manage-ment is essential to ensure the network remains usable and continues to provide acceptable user experience.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
Seasonal metabolic adjustments in an avian evolutionary relict restricted to mountain habitat
- Oswald, Krista N, Lee, Alan T K, Smit, Ben
- Authors: Oswald, Krista N , Lee, Alan T K , Smit, Ben
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441638 , vital:73903 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102815
- Description: For endotherms, maintaining body temperature during cold winters is energetically costly.Greater increase in winter maximum thermogenic capacity (Msum) has typically been correlated with improved cold tolerance. However, seasonal studies have shown equivocal direction change in basal metabolic rate (BMR) in winter, perhaps explained by latitude or phylogeny. We examined seasonal metabolic responses in the Cape rockjumper (Chaetops frenatus; “rockjumper”), a range-restricted mountain bird. We hypothesized that, given their mountain habitat preference, rockjumpers would be physiologically specialized for cooler air temperatures compared to other subtropical passerines. We measured body condition (using the ratio of Mb/tarsus), BMR, and Msum, in wild-living rockjumpers during winter and summer (n = 12 adults in winter –– 4 females, 8 males; n = 12 adults in summer –– 6 females, 6 males). We found birds had lesser BMR and thermal conductance, and greater Msum and body condition, in winter compared to summer. .
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
- Authors: Oswald, Krista N , Lee, Alan T K , Smit, Ben
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441638 , vital:73903 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102815
- Description: For endotherms, maintaining body temperature during cold winters is energetically costly.Greater increase in winter maximum thermogenic capacity (Msum) has typically been correlated with improved cold tolerance. However, seasonal studies have shown equivocal direction change in basal metabolic rate (BMR) in winter, perhaps explained by latitude or phylogeny. We examined seasonal metabolic responses in the Cape rockjumper (Chaetops frenatus; “rockjumper”), a range-restricted mountain bird. We hypothesized that, given their mountain habitat preference, rockjumpers would be physiologically specialized for cooler air temperatures compared to other subtropical passerines. We measured body condition (using the ratio of Mb/tarsus), BMR, and Msum, in wild-living rockjumpers during winter and summer (n = 12 adults in winter –– 4 females, 8 males; n = 12 adults in summer –– 6 females, 6 males). We found birds had lesser BMR and thermal conductance, and greater Msum and body condition, in winter compared to summer. .
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021
(Unused) potentials of educators’ covert language policies at public schools in Limpopo, South Africa:
- Kretzer, Michael M, Kaschula, Russell H
- Authors: Kretzer, Michael M , Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/174679 , vital:42500 , DOI: 10.1039/D0PP00075B
- Description: Language policy is an influencing factor of the educational outcome for pupils in Africa. Colonial languages have been largely used and African Languages are neglected. Despite this, the South African Constitution (1996) declares eleven official languages. However, curricular developments favour Afrikaans and English. To analyse the implementation of the official language policy, we focus on Limpopo Province. Over 1000 questionnaires were answered by teachers. This approach aimed to analyse the language practices and language attitudes of teachers. Schools in Limpopo showed significant differences between the official language policy and the daily language practices. Some teachers implement the official language policy; others use one or more African languages in their oral communications during the lessons in the form of Code Switching.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Kretzer, Michael M , Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/174679 , vital:42500 , DOI: 10.1039/D0PP00075B
- Description: Language policy is an influencing factor of the educational outcome for pupils in Africa. Colonial languages have been largely used and African Languages are neglected. Despite this, the South African Constitution (1996) declares eleven official languages. However, curricular developments favour Afrikaans and English. To analyse the implementation of the official language policy, we focus on Limpopo Province. Over 1000 questionnaires were answered by teachers. This approach aimed to analyse the language practices and language attitudes of teachers. Schools in Limpopo showed significant differences between the official language policy and the daily language practices. Some teachers implement the official language policy; others use one or more African languages in their oral communications during the lessons in the form of Code Switching.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
A search for enhanced photodynamic activity against Staphylococcus aureus planktonic cells and biofilms: the evaluation of phthalocyanine–detonation nanodiamond–Ag nanoconjugates
- Openda, Yolande Ikala, Matshitse, Refilwe, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Openda, Yolande Ikala , Matshitse, Refilwe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/163825 , vital:41073 , DOI: 10.1039/D0PP00075B
- Description: The present work reports on the synthesis and characterization of novel zinc (2) and indium (3) 2-amino-4-bromophenoxy substituted phthalocyanines (Pcs) along with the self-assembled nanoconjugates formed via π–π stacking interaction onto detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) to form 2@DNDs and 3@DNDs. 2@DNDs and 3@DNDs were covalently linked to chitosan–silver mediated nanoparticles (CSAg) to form 2@DNDs-CSAg and 3@DNDs-CSAg nanoconjugates. High singlet oxygen quantum yields in DMSO of 0.69 and 0.72 for Pcs alone and 0.90 and 0.92 for 2@DNDs-CSAg and 3@DNDs-CSAg, respectively, were obtained.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Openda, Yolande Ikala , Matshitse, Refilwe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/163825 , vital:41073 , DOI: 10.1039/D0PP00075B
- Description: The present work reports on the synthesis and characterization of novel zinc (2) and indium (3) 2-amino-4-bromophenoxy substituted phthalocyanines (Pcs) along with the self-assembled nanoconjugates formed via π–π stacking interaction onto detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) to form 2@DNDs and 3@DNDs. 2@DNDs and 3@DNDs were covalently linked to chitosan–silver mediated nanoparticles (CSAg) to form 2@DNDs-CSAg and 3@DNDs-CSAg nanoconjugates. High singlet oxygen quantum yields in DMSO of 0.69 and 0.72 for Pcs alone and 0.90 and 0.92 for 2@DNDs-CSAg and 3@DNDs-CSAg, respectively, were obtained.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Evaluating Feruloyl Esterase—Xylanase Synergism for Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Xylo-Oligosaccharide Production from Untreated, Hydrothermally Pre-Treated and Dilute-Acid Pre-Treated Corn Cobs:
- Mkabayi, Lithalethu, Malgas, Samkelo, Wilhelmi, Brendan S, Pletschke, Brett I
- Authors: Mkabayi, Lithalethu , Malgas, Samkelo , Wilhelmi, Brendan S , Pletschke, Brett I
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149240 , vital:38818 , https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050688
- Description: Agricultural residues are considered the most promising option as a renewable feedstock for biofuel and high valued-added chemical production due to their availability and low cost. The efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of agricultural residues into value-added products such as sugars and hydroxycinnamic acids is a challenge because of the recalcitrant properties of the native biomass. Development of synergistic enzyme cocktails is required to overcome biomass residue recalcitrance, and achieve high yields of potential value-added products. In this study, the synergistic action of two termite metagenome-derived feruloyl esterases (FAE5 and FAE6), and an endo-xylanase (Xyn11) from Thermomyces lanuginosus, was optimized using 0.5% (w/v) insoluble wheat arabinoxylan (a model substrate) and then applied to 1% (w/v) corn cobs for the efficient production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and hydroxycinnamic acids.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mkabayi, Lithalethu , Malgas, Samkelo , Wilhelmi, Brendan S , Pletschke, Brett I
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149240 , vital:38818 , https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050688
- Description: Agricultural residues are considered the most promising option as a renewable feedstock for biofuel and high valued-added chemical production due to their availability and low cost. The efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of agricultural residues into value-added products such as sugars and hydroxycinnamic acids is a challenge because of the recalcitrant properties of the native biomass. Development of synergistic enzyme cocktails is required to overcome biomass residue recalcitrance, and achieve high yields of potential value-added products. In this study, the synergistic action of two termite metagenome-derived feruloyl esterases (FAE5 and FAE6), and an endo-xylanase (Xyn11) from Thermomyces lanuginosus, was optimized using 0.5% (w/v) insoluble wheat arabinoxylan (a model substrate) and then applied to 1% (w/v) corn cobs for the efficient production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and hydroxycinnamic acids.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Evolving an Efficient and Effective Off-the-Shelf Computing Infrastructure for Rural Communities of South Africa
- Siebörger, Ingrid, Terzoli, Alfredo, Hodgkinson-Williams, Cheryl
- Authors: Siebörger, Ingrid , Terzoli, Alfredo , Hodgkinson-Williams, Cheryl
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430990 , vital:72734 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52014-4_5
- Description: Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) have diffused into al-most every area of life for citizens living in the Global North. Data is seen as a key element in the fourth industrial revolution and is the foundation of Information, Knowledge and Wisdom. Knowledge has become the new “make or break” asset and an inability to access the world’s data and technologies that facilitate access, synthesis and inter-rogation of data places one at a disadvantage. In 2013, the Department of Communications in South Africa announced a new national broad-band policy to promote the reduction of a digital divide and sup-port citi-zens and the economy in digital interactions. Implementation has thus far not been successful. Furthermore, the Broadband policy does not address how South Africans are to access the Internet once available. The Siyakhula Living Lab (SLL) provides an example of a computing infrastructure model for the introduction of ICTs into rural communities. Through the deployment of “broadband islands” and low-cost compu-ting infrastructure to promote both knowledge creation and consump-tion, access to the proposed ubiquitous Internet connectivity can be un-locked. However, the initial computing infrastructure deployed to the SLL suffers from a single point of failure. In this paper, we discuss al-ternative computing infrastructure configurations that were tested and deployed within the SLL in order to determine a more appropriate com-puting infrastructure model for the SLL and potentially other rural South African communities; such that learners, teachers and community members can be active contributors and consumers of data, infor-mation, knowledge and wisdom.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Siebörger, Ingrid , Terzoli, Alfredo , Hodgkinson-Williams, Cheryl
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430990 , vital:72734 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52014-4_5
- Description: Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) have diffused into al-most every area of life for citizens living in the Global North. Data is seen as a key element in the fourth industrial revolution and is the foundation of Information, Knowledge and Wisdom. Knowledge has become the new “make or break” asset and an inability to access the world’s data and technologies that facilitate access, synthesis and inter-rogation of data places one at a disadvantage. In 2013, the Department of Communications in South Africa announced a new national broad-band policy to promote the reduction of a digital divide and sup-port citi-zens and the economy in digital interactions. Implementation has thus far not been successful. Furthermore, the Broadband policy does not address how South Africans are to access the Internet once available. The Siyakhula Living Lab (SLL) provides an example of a computing infrastructure model for the introduction of ICTs into rural communities. Through the deployment of “broadband islands” and low-cost compu-ting infrastructure to promote both knowledge creation and consump-tion, access to the proposed ubiquitous Internet connectivity can be un-locked. However, the initial computing infrastructure deployed to the SLL suffers from a single point of failure. In this paper, we discuss al-ternative computing infrastructure configurations that were tested and deployed within the SLL in order to determine a more appropriate com-puting infrastructure model for the SLL and potentially other rural South African communities; such that learners, teachers and community members can be active contributors and consumers of data, infor-mation, knowledge and wisdom.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Exploring intermolecular contacts in multi-substituted benzaldehyde derivatives: X-ray, Hirshfeld surface and lattice energy analyses
- Hulushe, Siyabonga T, Manyeruke, Meloddy H, Louzada, Marcel, Rigin, Sergei, Hosten, Eric C, Watkins, Gareth M
- Authors: Hulushe, Siyabonga T , Manyeruke, Meloddy H , Louzada, Marcel , Rigin, Sergei , Hosten, Eric C , Watkins, Gareth M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148483 , vital:38743 , DOI: 10.1039/C9RA10752E
- Description: Crystal structures of six benzaldehyde derivatives (1–6) have been determined and their supramolecular networks were established by an X-ray crystallographic study. The study has shown that the compounds are linked by various intermolecular interactions such as weak C–H⋯O hydrogen bonding, and C–H⋯π, π–π and halogen bonding interactions which consolidate and strengthen the formation of these molecular assemblies. The carbonyl group generates diverse synthons in 1–6 via intermolecular C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. An interplay of C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and C–H⋯π and π–π stacking interactions facilitates the formation of multi-dimensional supramolecular networks. Crystal packings in 4 and 5 are further generated by type I halogen⋯halogen bonding interactions. The differences in crystal packing are represented by variation of substitution positions in the compounds. Structure 3 is isomorphous with 4 but there are subtle differences in their crystal packing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Hulushe, Siyabonga T , Manyeruke, Meloddy H , Louzada, Marcel , Rigin, Sergei , Hosten, Eric C , Watkins, Gareth M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148483 , vital:38743 , DOI: 10.1039/C9RA10752E
- Description: Crystal structures of six benzaldehyde derivatives (1–6) have been determined and their supramolecular networks were established by an X-ray crystallographic study. The study has shown that the compounds are linked by various intermolecular interactions such as weak C–H⋯O hydrogen bonding, and C–H⋯π, π–π and halogen bonding interactions which consolidate and strengthen the formation of these molecular assemblies. The carbonyl group generates diverse synthons in 1–6 via intermolecular C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. An interplay of C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and C–H⋯π and π–π stacking interactions facilitates the formation of multi-dimensional supramolecular networks. Crystal packings in 4 and 5 are further generated by type I halogen⋯halogen bonding interactions. The differences in crystal packing are represented by variation of substitution positions in the compounds. Structure 3 is isomorphous with 4 but there are subtle differences in their crystal packing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Holistic nursing in practice: mindfulness-based yoga as an intervention to manage stress and burnout
- Hilcove, Kelly, Marceau, Catherine, Thekdi, Prachi, Larkey, Linda, Brewer, Melanie A, Jones, Kerry
- Authors: Hilcove, Kelly , Marceau, Catherine , Thekdi, Prachi , Larkey, Linda , Brewer, Melanie A , Jones, Kerry
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149336 , vital:38826 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1177/0898010120921587
- Description: Effects of a mindfulness-based (MB) yoga practice on stress, burnout, and indicators of well-being among nurses and health care professionals (HCPs).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Holistic nursing in practice: mindfulness-based yoga as an intervention to manage stress and burnout
- Authors: Hilcove, Kelly , Marceau, Catherine , Thekdi, Prachi , Larkey, Linda , Brewer, Melanie A , Jones, Kerry
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149336 , vital:38826 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1177/0898010120921587
- Description: Effects of a mindfulness-based (MB) yoga practice on stress, burnout, and indicators of well-being among nurses and health care professionals (HCPs).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Introduction:
- Authors: Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161700 , vital:40655 , ISBN 9780367348281 , https://www.routledge.com/African-Foreign-Policies-Selecting-Signifiers-to-Explain-Agency/Bischoff/p/book/9780367348281
- Description: This book explores, at a time when several powers have become serious players on the continent, aspects of African agency, past and present, by African writers on foreign policy, representative of geography, language and state size.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161700 , vital:40655 , ISBN 9780367348281 , https://www.routledge.com/African-Foreign-Policies-Selecting-Signifiers-to-Explain-Agency/Bischoff/p/book/9780367348281
- Description: This book explores, at a time when several powers have become serious players on the continent, aspects of African agency, past and present, by African writers on foreign policy, representative of geography, language and state size.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Maximal-entropy initial state of the Universe as a microscopic description of inflation:
- Brustein, Ram, Medved, A J M
- Authors: Brustein, Ram , Medved, A J M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149682 , vital:38874 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.123502
- Description: We propose that the initial state of the Universe was an isotropic state of maximal entropy. Such a state can be described in terms of a state of closed, interacting, fundamental strings in their high-temperature Hagedorn phase, which constitutes a novel microscopic model for the state of the Universe when it is at the highest sustainable temperature. This state resolves the big-bang singularity by replacing the past of the hot big-bang Universe and sets inflationary initial conditions for the subsequent evolution of the thermal radiation and the semiclassical cosmological geometry. The entropy density in this state is equal to the square root of the energy density in Planck units, while the pressure is positive and equal to the energy density.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Brustein, Ram , Medved, A J M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149682 , vital:38874 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.123502
- Description: We propose that the initial state of the Universe was an isotropic state of maximal entropy. Such a state can be described in terms of a state of closed, interacting, fundamental strings in their high-temperature Hagedorn phase, which constitutes a novel microscopic model for the state of the Universe when it is at the highest sustainable temperature. This state resolves the big-bang singularity by replacing the past of the hot big-bang Universe and sets inflationary initial conditions for the subsequent evolution of the thermal radiation and the semiclassical cosmological geometry. The entropy density in this state is equal to the square root of the energy density in Planck units, while the pressure is positive and equal to the energy density.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020