Screening for cardiometabolic risk factors among commercial drivers in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Adedokun, Aanuoluwa Odunayo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Diabetes -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Obesity -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Commercial vehicles
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Nursing Science
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10431 , vital:35463
- Description: Cardio-metabolic risk factors are the aggregates of conditions that increase the susceptibility of developing cardio-metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes. This includes insulin resistance, obesity, hyperglyceamia, dyslipoproteinemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypertension. This condition are worsen by smoking and physical inactivity as they mostlyare not easily detected. This was a cross-sectional survey of 403 commercial taxi drivers at ten different taxi ranks in BCMM. The study utilized a convenient sampling technique for the participants of the study. The WHO STEPwise approach was used for data collection. The WHO STEPwise questionnaire was used for a face-to-face interview. Socio-demographic (sex, age, marital status, driving experience, income) and behavioural characteristics (smoking, alcohol consumption, consumption of sweet drinks, physical activity, and dietary intake) of participants were obtained. Also, objective reports concerning anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist and hip circumference), blood pressure and biochemical measurement that is the blood glucose measurement. All anthropometric measurements were taken following a standard procedure using a Lufkin nonextensible flexible anthropometric tape (W606PM), Rosscraft, Canada and a SECA weighing scale and stadiometer (Hamburg, Germany). Blood pressure was checked also in accordance with standard protocols using a Medic+ Digital Blood Pressure Monitor Model 1219 (Hamburg, Germany). A validated ACCU-CHEK glucose monitoring apparatus (Mannheim, Germany) wasused for blood glucose measurement. Overweight and obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 25.0 kg/m2 –29.9 kg/m2 and≥ 30 kg/m2, respectively. Pre-hypertension was defined according JNC-8 criteria a systolic blood pressure of 120- 139 mmHg and diastolic of BP 80-89 mmHg while hypertension was defined as an average of two systolic BP ≥140mmHg and/or diastolic BP of ≥90mmHg or a history of hypertension or anti hypertensive medication use. Diabetes status was determined using the fasting blood glucose (FBG) test and defined as a FBG ≥ 7.0mmol/L or self-reports of history or current diabetes medication use (treatment), while pre-diabetes was defined as a FBG of 5.6-6.9mmol/L. Awareness of diabetes was defined as self-reported history of diabetes among the people with diabetes. Metabolic syndrome status was determined according to the National agreement among makers of abdominal obesity. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. The mean age of the participants was 43.3 (SD12.5) years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 34.0 percent and 38.0 percent, respectively. Age, marital status, period of driving, not-smoking, hypertension and diabetes were significantly associated with obesity. In logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, only age (OR 1.6, CI 1.0-2.7), hypertension (OR 3.6, CI 2.3-5.7) and non-smoking (OR 2.0, CI 1.3-3.1) were the independent and significant determinants of obesity. The prevalence rates of abdominal obesity by waist circumference (WC), waist-hip-ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and neck circumference (NC) were 61.5 percent, 67.5 percent, 80.1 percent and 65.3 percent, respectively. A strong correlations exists between WHR and WC (>0.64); and WHtR and WC (>0.62). There exists a good agreement between WC and WHR. Also, a moderate agreement exists between WC and WHtR, WC and NC, WHR and WHtR, and WHtR and NC. The prevalence of above normal body composition for participants with hypertension was 71.0 percent, 65.9 percent, 63.2 percent and 66.5 percent by WC, WHR, WHtR and NC, respectively. For diabetes, the prevalence was 20.6 percent, 19.4 percent, 17.0 percent and 18.6 percent by WC, WHR, WHtR and NC, respectively. Waist circumference was a stronger predictor of hypertension and diabetics, with odds ratio of 3.7 (95 percent CI: 2.3-6.1 and 3.1 (95 percent CI: 1.6-6.0), compared to NC, with odds ratio of 1.7 (95 percent CI: 1.1-2.8). The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 33.7 percent and hypertension was 57.0 percent. Age, marital status, level of education, period of driving, obesity, alcohol, sweet drinks consumption and diabetes were significantly associated with hypertension. After adjusting for confounders, age >35 years (P=0.004), obesity and alcohol use (P<0.001), period of driving >5years (p=0.028) and diabetes (P=0.003) were significant predictors of hypertension. Prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes was 17 percent and 16 percent, respectively. Of those who were diabetic (n=63), the majority were aware of their diabetes status (n=43) and were on treatment (n=30). Age, marital status, level of education, period of driving, obesity, sweet drinks consumption, physical activities and hypertension were significantly associated with diabetes. Only age >35 (AOR= 3.6, CI 1.2-11.1), ever married (AOR= 3.3, CI 1.5-7.0) and hypertension (AOR= 3.4, CI 1.7-6.8) were the independent predictors of diabetes after adjusting for confounders. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 22 percent. Age, marital status, level of education, physical inactivity and period of driving were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for confounders, only age above 35 years (Adjusted Odd Ratio [AOR] =3.8, CI=1.4- 9.5), ever married (AOR=3.0, CI=1.6-5.3) and period of driving above five years (AOR= 2.4, CI=1.2-4.7) were the significant and independent predictors of metabolic syndrome. About 30 percent of the participants were daily smokers, 37 percent consume alcohol regularly and only 18 percent were physically active, while 82 percent were physically inactive. In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes among the commercial drivers in this setting, which is associated with unhealthy lifestyles (smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, physical inactivity). Interventions aimed at promoting cardiovascular health of commercial drivers such as health education and workplace screening, should prioritize weight reduction, healthy eating and physical activity in this population.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Adedokun, Aanuoluwa Odunayo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Diabetes -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Obesity -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Commercial vehicles
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Nursing Science
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10431 , vital:35463
- Description: Cardio-metabolic risk factors are the aggregates of conditions that increase the susceptibility of developing cardio-metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes. This includes insulin resistance, obesity, hyperglyceamia, dyslipoproteinemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypertension. This condition are worsen by smoking and physical inactivity as they mostlyare not easily detected. This was a cross-sectional survey of 403 commercial taxi drivers at ten different taxi ranks in BCMM. The study utilized a convenient sampling technique for the participants of the study. The WHO STEPwise approach was used for data collection. The WHO STEPwise questionnaire was used for a face-to-face interview. Socio-demographic (sex, age, marital status, driving experience, income) and behavioural characteristics (smoking, alcohol consumption, consumption of sweet drinks, physical activity, and dietary intake) of participants were obtained. Also, objective reports concerning anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist and hip circumference), blood pressure and biochemical measurement that is the blood glucose measurement. All anthropometric measurements were taken following a standard procedure using a Lufkin nonextensible flexible anthropometric tape (W606PM), Rosscraft, Canada and a SECA weighing scale and stadiometer (Hamburg, Germany). Blood pressure was checked also in accordance with standard protocols using a Medic+ Digital Blood Pressure Monitor Model 1219 (Hamburg, Germany). A validated ACCU-CHEK glucose monitoring apparatus (Mannheim, Germany) wasused for blood glucose measurement. Overweight and obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 25.0 kg/m2 –29.9 kg/m2 and≥ 30 kg/m2, respectively. Pre-hypertension was defined according JNC-8 criteria a systolic blood pressure of 120- 139 mmHg and diastolic of BP 80-89 mmHg while hypertension was defined as an average of two systolic BP ≥140mmHg and/or diastolic BP of ≥90mmHg or a history of hypertension or anti hypertensive medication use. Diabetes status was determined using the fasting blood glucose (FBG) test and defined as a FBG ≥ 7.0mmol/L or self-reports of history or current diabetes medication use (treatment), while pre-diabetes was defined as a FBG of 5.6-6.9mmol/L. Awareness of diabetes was defined as self-reported history of diabetes among the people with diabetes. Metabolic syndrome status was determined according to the National agreement among makers of abdominal obesity. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. The mean age of the participants was 43.3 (SD12.5) years. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 34.0 percent and 38.0 percent, respectively. Age, marital status, period of driving, not-smoking, hypertension and diabetes were significantly associated with obesity. In logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, only age (OR 1.6, CI 1.0-2.7), hypertension (OR 3.6, CI 2.3-5.7) and non-smoking (OR 2.0, CI 1.3-3.1) were the independent and significant determinants of obesity. The prevalence rates of abdominal obesity by waist circumference (WC), waist-hip-ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and neck circumference (NC) were 61.5 percent, 67.5 percent, 80.1 percent and 65.3 percent, respectively. A strong correlations exists between WHR and WC (>0.64); and WHtR and WC (>0.62). There exists a good agreement between WC and WHR. Also, a moderate agreement exists between WC and WHtR, WC and NC, WHR and WHtR, and WHtR and NC. The prevalence of above normal body composition for participants with hypertension was 71.0 percent, 65.9 percent, 63.2 percent and 66.5 percent by WC, WHR, WHtR and NC, respectively. For diabetes, the prevalence was 20.6 percent, 19.4 percent, 17.0 percent and 18.6 percent by WC, WHR, WHtR and NC, respectively. Waist circumference was a stronger predictor of hypertension and diabetics, with odds ratio of 3.7 (95 percent CI: 2.3-6.1 and 3.1 (95 percent CI: 1.6-6.0), compared to NC, with odds ratio of 1.7 (95 percent CI: 1.1-2.8). The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 33.7 percent and hypertension was 57.0 percent. Age, marital status, level of education, period of driving, obesity, alcohol, sweet drinks consumption and diabetes were significantly associated with hypertension. After adjusting for confounders, age >35 years (P=0.004), obesity and alcohol use (P<0.001), period of driving >5years (p=0.028) and diabetes (P=0.003) were significant predictors of hypertension. Prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes was 17 percent and 16 percent, respectively. Of those who were diabetic (n=63), the majority were aware of their diabetes status (n=43) and were on treatment (n=30). Age, marital status, level of education, period of driving, obesity, sweet drinks consumption, physical activities and hypertension were significantly associated with diabetes. Only age >35 (AOR= 3.6, CI 1.2-11.1), ever married (AOR= 3.3, CI 1.5-7.0) and hypertension (AOR= 3.4, CI 1.7-6.8) were the independent predictors of diabetes after adjusting for confounders. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 22 percent. Age, marital status, level of education, physical inactivity and period of driving were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for confounders, only age above 35 years (Adjusted Odd Ratio [AOR] =3.8, CI=1.4- 9.5), ever married (AOR=3.0, CI=1.6-5.3) and period of driving above five years (AOR= 2.4, CI=1.2-4.7) were the significant and independent predictors of metabolic syndrome. About 30 percent of the participants were daily smokers, 37 percent consume alcohol regularly and only 18 percent were physically active, while 82 percent were physically inactive. In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes among the commercial drivers in this setting, which is associated with unhealthy lifestyles (smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, physical inactivity). Interventions aimed at promoting cardiovascular health of commercial drivers such as health education and workplace screening, should prioritize weight reduction, healthy eating and physical activity in this population.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Identity, culture, architecture & the design of a Chinese cultural school in Morningside, Kabega, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
- Authors: Akpokiniovo, Oghenetejiri
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Architecture, Chinese -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Interior architecture School buildings -- Design and construction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42727 , vital:36685
- Description: This treatise is born out of preoccupation with Identity, Culture and Architecture. Through the study of the fragility of the South-African Chinese community: their double heritage, their quest for a sense of place and permanence with the establishment of Chinese Schools that maintain the Chinese culture. It begins with identifying their almost unstable and fragmented nature of movement, their struggle to find a ‘place’ in Port Elizabeth, especially after the establishment of the Group Areas Act of 1960 and their fight against apartheid and discrimination. It becomes clear that migration, racial segregation, confusion, forced removals, and displacement have been their legacy in South Africa. The purpose of this document is to investigate the symbolic nature of architecture, and how it can be used as a tangible medium to bring about an affirmation of identity, and create a sense of place for the future; giving credence to the celebration of culture and social interaction. Through the use of literature reviews, informal interviews, desktop research, analysis, precedent studies and other qualitative studies; there will be an understanding of the community in terms of how they came about settling in South Africa; their migratory patterns due to forced removals and the current status of the community in terms of cultural revolution; understanding the cultural issues the community face; in the establishment of a centralised symbolic precinct that allows for the celebration and promotion of culture. Through the design of the Chinese Cultural School, it will be demonstrated that in order to create a sense of place for the Chinese community, aiding in integration and restoration; one will need to engage in the argument of the vitality of authentic architecture, the vernacular language of a particular culture, and the subjectivity of identity especially in a context outside of its homeland.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Akpokiniovo, Oghenetejiri
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Architecture, Chinese -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Interior architecture School buildings -- Design and construction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MArch
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/42727 , vital:36685
- Description: This treatise is born out of preoccupation with Identity, Culture and Architecture. Through the study of the fragility of the South-African Chinese community: their double heritage, their quest for a sense of place and permanence with the establishment of Chinese Schools that maintain the Chinese culture. It begins with identifying their almost unstable and fragmented nature of movement, their struggle to find a ‘place’ in Port Elizabeth, especially after the establishment of the Group Areas Act of 1960 and their fight against apartheid and discrimination. It becomes clear that migration, racial segregation, confusion, forced removals, and displacement have been their legacy in South Africa. The purpose of this document is to investigate the symbolic nature of architecture, and how it can be used as a tangible medium to bring about an affirmation of identity, and create a sense of place for the future; giving credence to the celebration of culture and social interaction. Through the use of literature reviews, informal interviews, desktop research, analysis, precedent studies and other qualitative studies; there will be an understanding of the community in terms of how they came about settling in South Africa; their migratory patterns due to forced removals and the current status of the community in terms of cultural revolution; understanding the cultural issues the community face; in the establishment of a centralised symbolic precinct that allows for the celebration and promotion of culture. Through the design of the Chinese Cultural School, it will be demonstrated that in order to create a sense of place for the Chinese community, aiding in integration and restoration; one will need to engage in the argument of the vitality of authentic architecture, the vernacular language of a particular culture, and the subjectivity of identity especially in a context outside of its homeland.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
An ergonomics intervention study into the physiological, perceptual and productivity effects of three citrus harvesting bag designs in the Eastern Cape of South Africa : a combined laboratory and field approach
- Bassey-Duke, Elizabeth Misan
- Authors: Bassey-Duke, Elizabeth Misan
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Citrus -- Harvesting -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Lifting and carrying -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Manual work -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Blue collar workers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work -- Physiological aspects , Human mechanics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5176 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018908
- Description: Background: Agriculture plays a vital role in the economy of any industrially developing country, including South Africa. In the Eastern Cape of South Africa citrus farming is a significant contributor to the local economy (Johnson et al., 2005). The harvesting phase of citrus farming is performed manually and exposes workers to physical risks, which can lead to the development of musculoskeletal disorders. In particular, the standard harvesting bag comprises of a single shoulder strap and promotes asymmetrical load carriage which results in shoulder and lower back pain complaints. The current study compared the physiological (EMG), perceptual (RPE), usability (PUEU) and productivity effects of two new harvesting bag designs (a hip belt and a backpack bag design) to the standard harvesting bag design. This was performed in a laboratory as well as a field setting. Methods (Laboratory phase): 36 participants (12 males and 24 females) were assigned to one worker group. The “tall ladder worker” group was comprised of only males and the “step ladder worker” and “ground worker” group of females. Each participant was required to simulate a citrus harvesting task while utilizing each of the bag designs on different days. On each day/test session, participants performed three harvesting cycles. Muscle activity was measured throughout the entire testing session and RPE were recorded at the end of each cycle. Results (Laboratory phase): The EMG and RPE results indicate that the backpack design was the most ideal design to reduce asymmetry, while the standard harvesting bag design was the worst. Although not significant, there was greater muscle asymmetry (p=0.109) and a significantly higher perceived exertion when using the standard bag (p=0.0004), in comparison to using the backpack. Methods (Field phase): 17 Xhosa-speaking citrus harvesters (6 females and 11 males) participated in this study. Each harvester worked with one of the three bag designs on a different day. Productivity of each worker was assessed every hour by recording the number of bags filled with fruit and at the end of the shift. A Perceived Usefulness & Ease of Use questionnaire was presented to each participant to obtain feedback on worker acceptance to the new bag designs. Results (Field phase): A general trend in support of the hip belt bag design over the other two bag designs were found, even within the different worker demographic groups (age, sex and worker experience). The workers perceived less exertion (7.98 ± 1.86) and were more productive (9.90 ± 2.11 bags/hour) when using the hip belt design; they also found this bag the most useful (1.02 ± 0.09) and easy to use (1.07 ± 0.25). In contrast, the backpack bag design had significantly poorer responses when compared to the other two bag designs and this was evident in all the dependent variables assessed (RPE, productivity and PUEU). Conclusion: The results from the laboratory phase supported the expectation that the backpack bag design reduces asymmetry and hence, is more suitable than the standard harvesting bag. However, results from the field show that the hip belt bag design was the most preferred and the backpack was the least preferred. Bao & Shahnavaz (1989) highlight the need for ergonomics researcher to convey laboratory findings into the field context. However, as shown by the current study, there are numerous challenges associated with field work, making it difficult for laboratory findings to be successfully conveyed to the field. Limitations and Recommendations: For the laboratory phase of the project, no biomechanical and cardiovascular responses were assessed. However, for a holistic approach, these variables should be considered in future studies. Due to high variability from one harvesting cycle to another, more than three harvesting cycles should also be performed to accurately replicate the harvesting process as done in the field over extended durations of time. For the field phase, data should be collected from more than one citrus farm and thus a larger sample size could be obtained. This would improve the validity of the study. In addition to this, data should be collected for a full working day, especially if environmental conditions are not a hindrance, as well as for a whole season, since workloads vary, depending on the time of the harvesting season. , Name on Graduation Programme: Bassey-Duke, Elizabeth Missan
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Bassey-Duke, Elizabeth Misan
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Citrus -- Harvesting -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Lifting and carrying -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Manual work -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Blue collar workers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Work -- Physiological aspects , Human mechanics
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5176 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018908
- Description: Background: Agriculture plays a vital role in the economy of any industrially developing country, including South Africa. In the Eastern Cape of South Africa citrus farming is a significant contributor to the local economy (Johnson et al., 2005). The harvesting phase of citrus farming is performed manually and exposes workers to physical risks, which can lead to the development of musculoskeletal disorders. In particular, the standard harvesting bag comprises of a single shoulder strap and promotes asymmetrical load carriage which results in shoulder and lower back pain complaints. The current study compared the physiological (EMG), perceptual (RPE), usability (PUEU) and productivity effects of two new harvesting bag designs (a hip belt and a backpack bag design) to the standard harvesting bag design. This was performed in a laboratory as well as a field setting. Methods (Laboratory phase): 36 participants (12 males and 24 females) were assigned to one worker group. The “tall ladder worker” group was comprised of only males and the “step ladder worker” and “ground worker” group of females. Each participant was required to simulate a citrus harvesting task while utilizing each of the bag designs on different days. On each day/test session, participants performed three harvesting cycles. Muscle activity was measured throughout the entire testing session and RPE were recorded at the end of each cycle. Results (Laboratory phase): The EMG and RPE results indicate that the backpack design was the most ideal design to reduce asymmetry, while the standard harvesting bag design was the worst. Although not significant, there was greater muscle asymmetry (p=0.109) and a significantly higher perceived exertion when using the standard bag (p=0.0004), in comparison to using the backpack. Methods (Field phase): 17 Xhosa-speaking citrus harvesters (6 females and 11 males) participated in this study. Each harvester worked with one of the three bag designs on a different day. Productivity of each worker was assessed every hour by recording the number of bags filled with fruit and at the end of the shift. A Perceived Usefulness & Ease of Use questionnaire was presented to each participant to obtain feedback on worker acceptance to the new bag designs. Results (Field phase): A general trend in support of the hip belt bag design over the other two bag designs were found, even within the different worker demographic groups (age, sex and worker experience). The workers perceived less exertion (7.98 ± 1.86) and were more productive (9.90 ± 2.11 bags/hour) when using the hip belt design; they also found this bag the most useful (1.02 ± 0.09) and easy to use (1.07 ± 0.25). In contrast, the backpack bag design had significantly poorer responses when compared to the other two bag designs and this was evident in all the dependent variables assessed (RPE, productivity and PUEU). Conclusion: The results from the laboratory phase supported the expectation that the backpack bag design reduces asymmetry and hence, is more suitable than the standard harvesting bag. However, results from the field show that the hip belt bag design was the most preferred and the backpack was the least preferred. Bao & Shahnavaz (1989) highlight the need for ergonomics researcher to convey laboratory findings into the field context. However, as shown by the current study, there are numerous challenges associated with field work, making it difficult for laboratory findings to be successfully conveyed to the field. Limitations and Recommendations: For the laboratory phase of the project, no biomechanical and cardiovascular responses were assessed. However, for a holistic approach, these variables should be considered in future studies. Due to high variability from one harvesting cycle to another, more than three harvesting cycles should also be performed to accurately replicate the harvesting process as done in the field over extended durations of time. For the field phase, data should be collected from more than one citrus farm and thus a larger sample size could be obtained. This would improve the validity of the study. In addition to this, data should be collected for a full working day, especially if environmental conditions are not a hindrance, as well as for a whole season, since workloads vary, depending on the time of the harvesting season. , Name on Graduation Programme: Bassey-Duke, Elizabeth Missan
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Forage production, nutritive value and intake rates by goats of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) forages grown in the subtropical region of South Africa
- Authors: Buthelezi, Lindokuhle Sizwe
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Forage Pigeon pea Forage plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/7852 , vital:30773
- Description: Different growth stages and drying methods were used to assess forage production, nutritive value and intake of leaves from three Cajanus cajan varieties (ICEAP 00557, ICEAP 01514 and CIMMYT 100/01). In the 2016/17 growing season, three complete randomized block designs (CRBD’s) were conducted. Regrowth parameters were measured during both the both vegetative and flowering stages. The plots were harvested at the flowering stage. Biomass yields were measured at the flowering stage. The harvested leaves were then dried under the two different drying methods. The methods used were shade- and oven-drying at 60 oC. This was used to determine dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) for the C. cajan varieties. Minerals Ca, Mg, K, Na, K/(Ca+Mg), P and Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe and phytochemicals condensed tannins, phenolic compounds and saponins were also analyzed. The intake rates and in vitro and in sacco ruminal degradabilities were also determined. The survival percentage was significantly different (P<0.05) only across the means of varieties. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the number of shoots per plant, stems per shoot and coppice stems produced by the three C. cajan varieties at vegetative and flowering stage. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the heights of plants recorded by the varieties only at flowering stage. The yields of fresh biomass in C. cajan was significantly different (P<0.05) across all the varieties harvested in 2016. In all the varieties there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in dry matter yield in both seasons of 2016 and 2017. The effect of browse varieties and drying methods showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on DM, CP, fat, NDIN, ADIN and hemicellulose content of varieties. There was little impact by varieties and drying methods (P<0.05) on ash, NDF, ADF, ADL, TNC and cellulose content of varieties. Varieties and drying method had no effect (P>0.05) on Ca, Mg and K except for Na and P. There was no effect caused by varieties and drying methods (P>0.05) on Zn and Mn with Cu and Fe being the exceptions. Oven drying showed an overall reduction in the tannin concentration on leaves while there was an increase in saponins. The different varieties had no effect (P>0.05) on the IIR, 0.0275±0.0089, 0.0275±0.0077 and 0.0409±0.0109 for Cv1, Cv2 and Cv3, respectively. The day of the trial and browse variety had an effect (P<0.05) on bite rate. However, the day of trial had no significant effect (P>0.05) on both bite size and the instantaneous intake rate. Individual goat had a significant effect (P<0.05) on bite rate. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the in vitro and in sacco rapidly degradable fractions (a) of all the three varieties but the drying method had no effect (P>0.05). The slowly degradable fraction (b) and degradation rate constant (c) of all varieties was not significantly different (P>0.05) on both drying methods during IV DaisyII procedure. However, b and c, in all the varieties was significantly different (P<0.05) in both drying methods during the in sacco procedure. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the mean potentially degradable fraction (a+b) across all C. cajan varieties during IV DaisyII procedure, however a+c of all varieties was significantly different (P<0.05) in both the drying methods during the in sacco procedure. The effective in vitro and in sacco degradability of the varieties was significantly different (P<0.05) with a rumen outflow rate of 2, 5 and 8 percent per hour. The shade-dried varieties had a higher (P<0.05) ED than the oven-dried materials during IV DaisyII and the in sacco procedures. It was concluded that the decline in yield of C. cajan during the study is a reflection of poor survival, the insufficient regeneration from seed, nutrient depletion over time and the extended dry seasons. Therefore, shade drying is commended method of drying forages.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Buthelezi, Lindokuhle Sizwe
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Forage Pigeon pea Forage plants
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/7852 , vital:30773
- Description: Different growth stages and drying methods were used to assess forage production, nutritive value and intake of leaves from three Cajanus cajan varieties (ICEAP 00557, ICEAP 01514 and CIMMYT 100/01). In the 2016/17 growing season, three complete randomized block designs (CRBD’s) were conducted. Regrowth parameters were measured during both the both vegetative and flowering stages. The plots were harvested at the flowering stage. Biomass yields were measured at the flowering stage. The harvested leaves were then dried under the two different drying methods. The methods used were shade- and oven-drying at 60 oC. This was used to determine dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) for the C. cajan varieties. Minerals Ca, Mg, K, Na, K/(Ca+Mg), P and Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe and phytochemicals condensed tannins, phenolic compounds and saponins were also analyzed. The intake rates and in vitro and in sacco ruminal degradabilities were also determined. The survival percentage was significantly different (P<0.05) only across the means of varieties. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the number of shoots per plant, stems per shoot and coppice stems produced by the three C. cajan varieties at vegetative and flowering stage. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the heights of plants recorded by the varieties only at flowering stage. The yields of fresh biomass in C. cajan was significantly different (P<0.05) across all the varieties harvested in 2016. In all the varieties there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in dry matter yield in both seasons of 2016 and 2017. The effect of browse varieties and drying methods showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on DM, CP, fat, NDIN, ADIN and hemicellulose content of varieties. There was little impact by varieties and drying methods (P<0.05) on ash, NDF, ADF, ADL, TNC and cellulose content of varieties. Varieties and drying method had no effect (P>0.05) on Ca, Mg and K except for Na and P. There was no effect caused by varieties and drying methods (P>0.05) on Zn and Mn with Cu and Fe being the exceptions. Oven drying showed an overall reduction in the tannin concentration on leaves while there was an increase in saponins. The different varieties had no effect (P>0.05) on the IIR, 0.0275±0.0089, 0.0275±0.0077 and 0.0409±0.0109 for Cv1, Cv2 and Cv3, respectively. The day of the trial and browse variety had an effect (P<0.05) on bite rate. However, the day of trial had no significant effect (P>0.05) on both bite size and the instantaneous intake rate. Individual goat had a significant effect (P<0.05) on bite rate. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the in vitro and in sacco rapidly degradable fractions (a) of all the three varieties but the drying method had no effect (P>0.05). The slowly degradable fraction (b) and degradation rate constant (c) of all varieties was not significantly different (P>0.05) on both drying methods during IV DaisyII procedure. However, b and c, in all the varieties was significantly different (P<0.05) in both drying methods during the in sacco procedure. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the mean potentially degradable fraction (a+b) across all C. cajan varieties during IV DaisyII procedure, however a+c of all varieties was significantly different (P<0.05) in both the drying methods during the in sacco procedure. The effective in vitro and in sacco degradability of the varieties was significantly different (P<0.05) with a rumen outflow rate of 2, 5 and 8 percent per hour. The shade-dried varieties had a higher (P<0.05) ED than the oven-dried materials during IV DaisyII and the in sacco procedures. It was concluded that the decline in yield of C. cajan during the study is a reflection of poor survival, the insufficient regeneration from seed, nutrient depletion over time and the extended dry seasons. Therefore, shade drying is commended method of drying forages.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Drought management strategies and poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe : the case of Mwenezi District
- Authors: Farai, Magaisa David
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Droughts--Zimbabwe--Management Zimbabwe--Economic conditions Poverty--Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Development Studies
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/16091 , vital:40663
- Description: Drought remains a huge challenge in Africa, particularly in Zimbabwe. The study investigated the effectiveness of drought management strategies and poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe with particular focus on Mwenezi District. In order to come up with a comprehensive investigation, the researcher grounded the study in sustainable livelihood approach and the community driven development theory. Due to drought being the number one disaster in Zimbabwe, the government and NGOs have collectively come up with strategies aimed at ameliorating the impact of drought in the area. The study employed a qualitative methodology as it provided an understanding and description of people’s personal experiences of drought. The study investigated the roles of both the government and NGOs involved in drought management in the district. NGOs and Government institutions charged with drought relief implement various programmes designed to manage drought in this area. This study’s findings were that cattle rearing, provision of food aid, provision of seed packs, supplementary feeding, among other programmes, are being implemented in the district to curb drought. Local people in the area have adopted a number of strategies so as to cope with drought effects. These strategies include growing of drought-resistant crops, livestock selling, change of farming methods, informal cross-border trading and establishing gardening plots. The Zimbabwean government has been criticised for being reactive rather than being proactive when it comes to drought management. The study further calls for improved and effective policies to tackle drought and poverty in the area. Effective monitoring and evaluation of programmes designed to manage drought should be prioritised if ever drought is to be effectively managed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Farai, Magaisa David
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Droughts--Zimbabwe--Management Zimbabwe--Economic conditions Poverty--Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Development Studies
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/16091 , vital:40663
- Description: Drought remains a huge challenge in Africa, particularly in Zimbabwe. The study investigated the effectiveness of drought management strategies and poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe with particular focus on Mwenezi District. In order to come up with a comprehensive investigation, the researcher grounded the study in sustainable livelihood approach and the community driven development theory. Due to drought being the number one disaster in Zimbabwe, the government and NGOs have collectively come up with strategies aimed at ameliorating the impact of drought in the area. The study employed a qualitative methodology as it provided an understanding and description of people’s personal experiences of drought. The study investigated the roles of both the government and NGOs involved in drought management in the district. NGOs and Government institutions charged with drought relief implement various programmes designed to manage drought in this area. This study’s findings were that cattle rearing, provision of food aid, provision of seed packs, supplementary feeding, among other programmes, are being implemented in the district to curb drought. Local people in the area have adopted a number of strategies so as to cope with drought effects. These strategies include growing of drought-resistant crops, livestock selling, change of farming methods, informal cross-border trading and establishing gardening plots. The Zimbabwean government has been criticised for being reactive rather than being proactive when it comes to drought management. The study further calls for improved and effective policies to tackle drought and poverty in the area. Effective monitoring and evaluation of programmes designed to manage drought should be prioritised if ever drought is to be effectively managed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Encouraging individual retirement savings in South Africa
- Authors: Hirschbeck, Lisa
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Retirement income -- Planning-- South Africa , Retirement income -- Government policy -- South Africa , Pension trusts -- South Africa -- Management , Pension trusts -- Termination -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Income tax deductions for retirement contributions -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:913 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017535
- Description: Many South Africans may not have adequate retirement savings when they retire and this has the effect of a low income replacement ratio on retirement that may lead to a decrease in the standard of living of the retiree and in extreme cases the retiree becoming dependent on their family and the government. Owing to this trend of no or inadequate retirement savings, South Africa embarked on a retirement reform journey in 2004. The goal of this research is to determine whether the retirement reform mechanisms outlined by National Treasury would encourage individual retirement savings that should assist South Africans to achieve stability of income in their retirement. This research analysed the current retirement savings options and vehicles available for South Africans, the current tax incentives and disincentives and reviewed the proposed changes to tax incentives and disincentives during the accumulation phase of retirement savings and explained how these proposed tax incentives are harmonised for the accumulation phase of retirement. The research explained how National Treasury aims to limit pre-retirement withdrawals and how it intends to encourage the annuitisation of post-retirement benefits. The penultimate chapter of this research measured the effect (by making certain assumptions) of the changes proposed by National Treasury on the income replacement ratio of the retiree. Throughout the research comparisons were made between The OECD Roadmap for the good design of defined contribution pension plans and National Treasury’s proposals. This research did not directly address the effect of increased life expectancies on retirement savings or increases in youth unemployment and the effect that this may have on retirement savings. The effect of financial charges levied on retirement savings on the income replacement ratio of a retiree was also not explored. Furthermore, not all pension funds are regulated by the Pension Funds Act and how these pension funds can be brought within the purview of the Pension Funds Act was not investigated. Automatic enrolment of retirement savings for all employees in South Africa in retirement vehicles is a further research area that could be addressed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Hirschbeck, Lisa
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Retirement income -- Planning-- South Africa , Retirement income -- Government policy -- South Africa , Pension trusts -- South Africa -- Management , Pension trusts -- Termination -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Income tax deductions for retirement contributions -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:913 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017535
- Description: Many South Africans may not have adequate retirement savings when they retire and this has the effect of a low income replacement ratio on retirement that may lead to a decrease in the standard of living of the retiree and in extreme cases the retiree becoming dependent on their family and the government. Owing to this trend of no or inadequate retirement savings, South Africa embarked on a retirement reform journey in 2004. The goal of this research is to determine whether the retirement reform mechanisms outlined by National Treasury would encourage individual retirement savings that should assist South Africans to achieve stability of income in their retirement. This research analysed the current retirement savings options and vehicles available for South Africans, the current tax incentives and disincentives and reviewed the proposed changes to tax incentives and disincentives during the accumulation phase of retirement savings and explained how these proposed tax incentives are harmonised for the accumulation phase of retirement. The research explained how National Treasury aims to limit pre-retirement withdrawals and how it intends to encourage the annuitisation of post-retirement benefits. The penultimate chapter of this research measured the effect (by making certain assumptions) of the changes proposed by National Treasury on the income replacement ratio of the retiree. Throughout the research comparisons were made between The OECD Roadmap for the good design of defined contribution pension plans and National Treasury’s proposals. This research did not directly address the effect of increased life expectancies on retirement savings or increases in youth unemployment and the effect that this may have on retirement savings. The effect of financial charges levied on retirement savings on the income replacement ratio of a retiree was also not explored. Furthermore, not all pension funds are regulated by the Pension Funds Act and how these pension funds can be brought within the purview of the Pension Funds Act was not investigated. Automatic enrolment of retirement savings for all employees in South Africa in retirement vehicles is a further research area that could be addressed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
The impact of public health expenditure on health outcomes in South Africa
- Authors: Hlafa, Besuthu
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Health services administration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Economics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13381 , vital:39639
- Description: Health holds an important position in maintainable economic development since it is both a prerequisite for and an outcome of economic development. This means that health contributes hugely to the attainment of sustainable development and health outcomes. The importance of health is demonstrated in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) where three of the eight goals are aimed at improving health outcomes. Despite progress made by other middle-income countries in achieving health-related MDGs, South Africa still has worse health outcomes and experiences a challenge in attaining positive outcomes for these goals (Coovadia et al., 2009; Malaudzi 2016). This study’s main focus was to identify the association between public health expenditure and health outcomes in South Africa’s nine provinces from 2002 to 2016. The study implemented fixed effects and a random effects panel data estimation technique to control for time effects and individual province heterogeneity. This was followed by employing the Hausman specification test to identify the fixed effects model as the appropriate estimator for the study. The study also employed the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model and the least squares dummy variable (LSDV) model to examine the impact of public health expenditure on each province separately. The findings from the study elucidated that the relationship between public health expenditure and health outcomes in South Africa varied across provinces depending provincial management and infrastructure availability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Hlafa, Besuthu
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Health services administration
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom (Economics)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13381 , vital:39639
- Description: Health holds an important position in maintainable economic development since it is both a prerequisite for and an outcome of economic development. This means that health contributes hugely to the attainment of sustainable development and health outcomes. The importance of health is demonstrated in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) where three of the eight goals are aimed at improving health outcomes. Despite progress made by other middle-income countries in achieving health-related MDGs, South Africa still has worse health outcomes and experiences a challenge in attaining positive outcomes for these goals (Coovadia et al., 2009; Malaudzi 2016). This study’s main focus was to identify the association between public health expenditure and health outcomes in South Africa’s nine provinces from 2002 to 2016. The study implemented fixed effects and a random effects panel data estimation technique to control for time effects and individual province heterogeneity. This was followed by employing the Hausman specification test to identify the fixed effects model as the appropriate estimator for the study. The study also employed the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model and the least squares dummy variable (LSDV) model to examine the impact of public health expenditure on each province separately. The findings from the study elucidated that the relationship between public health expenditure and health outcomes in South Africa varied across provinces depending provincial management and infrastructure availability.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
A framework for digital signature implementations for e-government services
- Authors: Kumalo, Mmaphefo Octavia
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Electronic government information , Internet in public administration Municipal government -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46086 , vital:39490
- Description: The advent of the Internet has brought with it new innovations, new ways of doing business, new ways of working, new ways of engaging, and new forms of business models. It has ultimately disrupted the traditional ways in which we communicate, socialise, and live life in general. This era has heralded the requirement for digitization and has brought about the digital economy and the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The fundamental ways in which companies and governments do business are changing due to the increased innovation, and the cost efficiencies that this era has brought with it. Like most governments worldwide, the South African government has responded to the Internet revolution and is taking advantage of it through e-government initiatives. The direct effects of e-government include cost savings, efficiencies, improved and continuous interactions and communications with citizens, better public procurement, and improved tax collection. The area of digitization has the potential to improve how the South African government delivers services to citizens and those that reside within the borders of the country. Amongst the five elements of successful e-government transformation, process reform is at the top of the list. e-Government is not just about the automation of existing processes and inefficiencies. It is also about the creation of new processes and new relationships between all the stakeholders involved. In the South African context, the lack of optimised, automated, and digitalised processes within various government departments has impeded crossfunctional processes’ effectiveness and efficiencies. Manual interventions in processing and transactions occur to comply with the legal requirement to manually sign documents. This poses difficulties in integrating processes within government departments to achieve a seamless experience for the citizen. As a result, this treatise sets out to answer the question of what needs to be in place to allow for the utilisation of digital signatures in automating the processing of e-government services for a seamless experience for citizens and businesses. The resulting Digital Signature Framework can be used by government departments to implement digital signatures and provides providing guidance, facilitating understanding, and providing ease of use, scalability, and agility.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Kumalo, Mmaphefo Octavia
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Electronic government information , Internet in public administration Municipal government -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/46086 , vital:39490
- Description: The advent of the Internet has brought with it new innovations, new ways of doing business, new ways of working, new ways of engaging, and new forms of business models. It has ultimately disrupted the traditional ways in which we communicate, socialise, and live life in general. This era has heralded the requirement for digitization and has brought about the digital economy and the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The fundamental ways in which companies and governments do business are changing due to the increased innovation, and the cost efficiencies that this era has brought with it. Like most governments worldwide, the South African government has responded to the Internet revolution and is taking advantage of it through e-government initiatives. The direct effects of e-government include cost savings, efficiencies, improved and continuous interactions and communications with citizens, better public procurement, and improved tax collection. The area of digitization has the potential to improve how the South African government delivers services to citizens and those that reside within the borders of the country. Amongst the five elements of successful e-government transformation, process reform is at the top of the list. e-Government is not just about the automation of existing processes and inefficiencies. It is also about the creation of new processes and new relationships between all the stakeholders involved. In the South African context, the lack of optimised, automated, and digitalised processes within various government departments has impeded crossfunctional processes’ effectiveness and efficiencies. Manual interventions in processing and transactions occur to comply with the legal requirement to manually sign documents. This poses difficulties in integrating processes within government departments to achieve a seamless experience for the citizen. As a result, this treatise sets out to answer the question of what needs to be in place to allow for the utilisation of digital signatures in automating the processing of e-government services for a seamless experience for citizens and businesses. The resulting Digital Signature Framework can be used by government departments to implement digital signatures and provides providing guidance, facilitating understanding, and providing ease of use, scalability, and agility.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
The role of school-community partnerships in promoting learner discipline :|ba case of two primary schools in the Capricorn Education District
- Authors: Malatji, Makwalete Johanna
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Community and schoo School discipline
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8283 , vital:32170
- Description: The study investigated the role of school-community partnerships in promoting learners‟ discipline in the Capricorn District. The purpose of this study was to examine how schoolcommunity partnerships pan out to promote learner discipline in schools. This study used a qualitative research approach and was premised within the parameters of the interpretive paradigm. Through a case study design, data was collected from three primary schools in the Capricorn Education District. Participants were purposively selected from SMTs, SGBs and parents. Four SMTs, four SGBs and four parents participated in this study. The study found that there was no shared responsibility between the school and its stakeholders. Furthermore, it was found that there was no regular communication between the school and parents about disciplining of learners. Moreover, the study revealed that SMT members experienced challenges such as dealing with poor parental involvement, poor communication, poor infrastructure, lack of resources and drug abuse, and these had negative impact on learners‟ performance. The study provided insights into what role the school and community should play in promoting learner discipline. The study also found that the community‟s level of education in school activities also affected learner discipline. Community members were not aware of what was expected of them in a school since they understood a school as a building of educated people. Therefore, it became important for the school to make sure that community members receive information about how they could help with school activities and learner discipline. The study recommends that workshops should be conducted to educate communities about school-community partnerships to promote learner discipline. The study further recommends that the school should develop policies that could help both the school and the community on learner discipline. A policy could direct both the school and the community on the agreements they made to discipline learners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Malatji, Makwalete Johanna
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Community and schoo School discipline
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8283 , vital:32170
- Description: The study investigated the role of school-community partnerships in promoting learners‟ discipline in the Capricorn District. The purpose of this study was to examine how schoolcommunity partnerships pan out to promote learner discipline in schools. This study used a qualitative research approach and was premised within the parameters of the interpretive paradigm. Through a case study design, data was collected from three primary schools in the Capricorn Education District. Participants were purposively selected from SMTs, SGBs and parents. Four SMTs, four SGBs and four parents participated in this study. The study found that there was no shared responsibility between the school and its stakeholders. Furthermore, it was found that there was no regular communication between the school and parents about disciplining of learners. Moreover, the study revealed that SMT members experienced challenges such as dealing with poor parental involvement, poor communication, poor infrastructure, lack of resources and drug abuse, and these had negative impact on learners‟ performance. The study provided insights into what role the school and community should play in promoting learner discipline. The study also found that the community‟s level of education in school activities also affected learner discipline. Community members were not aware of what was expected of them in a school since they understood a school as a building of educated people. Therefore, it became important for the school to make sure that community members receive information about how they could help with school activities and learner discipline. The study recommends that workshops should be conducted to educate communities about school-community partnerships to promote learner discipline. The study further recommends that the school should develop policies that could help both the school and the community on learner discipline. A policy could direct both the school and the community on the agreements they made to discipline learners.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A comparative analysis of mobile application development frameworks: A case study of mobile application development for water usage management in Alice and Fort Beaufort communities
- Authors: Manu, Kwabena
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Mobile communication systems Cell phones Cloud computing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc. (Computer Science)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/14130 , vital:39853
- Description: Mobile phones have become an integral part of standard of living. Users and customers expect sensible and very useful applications in less time. In this competitive market, it is an enormous challenge to develop high performance mobile applications that might meet the expectations of end users. Despite the fact that development of new applications for each mobile operating system in short time is fairly an issue, mobile operating systems vendors are giving their best available resources for creating applications in additional convenient ways. These days, there is a common tendency to look for less complex and quicker solutions that could be used in the process of software development. Developers of a new mobile application have to undertake variety of selections and decisions, including the target platform as well as the development technology to utilize. Mobile application development frameworks contribute in solving this problem. Several frameworks have emerged, which we classify and evaluate their appropriateness. In order to compare existing development frameworks solutions in this research, we compiled a set of criteria to assess mobile application development approaches. In view on these criteria, we evaluated five frameworks that is, PhoneGap, Xamarin, App Inventor, Sencha Touch and DragonRad. For proof of concepts, the chosen framework from the five evaluated mobile development frameworks was used to develop application for water usage management. The research will equip mobile application developers to gain more insight into mobile development frameworks available, therefore helping them to choose the most appropriate framework for their project.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Manu, Kwabena
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Mobile communication systems Cell phones Cloud computing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc. (Computer Science)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/14130 , vital:39853
- Description: Mobile phones have become an integral part of standard of living. Users and customers expect sensible and very useful applications in less time. In this competitive market, it is an enormous challenge to develop high performance mobile applications that might meet the expectations of end users. Despite the fact that development of new applications for each mobile operating system in short time is fairly an issue, mobile operating systems vendors are giving their best available resources for creating applications in additional convenient ways. These days, there is a common tendency to look for less complex and quicker solutions that could be used in the process of software development. Developers of a new mobile application have to undertake variety of selections and decisions, including the target platform as well as the development technology to utilize. Mobile application development frameworks contribute in solving this problem. Several frameworks have emerged, which we classify and evaluate their appropriateness. In order to compare existing development frameworks solutions in this research, we compiled a set of criteria to assess mobile application development approaches. In view on these criteria, we evaluated five frameworks that is, PhoneGap, Xamarin, App Inventor, Sencha Touch and DragonRad. For proof of concepts, the chosen framework from the five evaluated mobile development frameworks was used to develop application for water usage management. The research will equip mobile application developers to gain more insight into mobile development frameworks available, therefore helping them to choose the most appropriate framework for their project.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Incorporating indigenous knowledge in the teaching of isiXhosa to pharmacy students at Rhodes University
- Authors: Mapi, Thandeka Priscilla
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Rhodes University. Academic Development Programme Healers -- South Africa Traditional medicine -- South Africa Xhosa language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Pharmacy -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Ethnoscience -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3622 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007469
- Description: Traditional healing is one of the most trusted methods of healing in South Africa, especially in rural areas, where health-care infrastructure is inadequate. People have depended on this method of healing since time immemorial. That belief has been strengthened by the fact that this method keeps people in touch with their ancestors. Traditional healers are trusted and believed to be the link between people and their ancestors. The Dwesa community is amongst the areas that still have strong belief in traditional healing. Traditional healers have a variety of methods of healing that they use, these methods have been trusted for people of all age groups. These methods are ukugabha, ukufutha and ukucima. Traditional healers prescribe them for both major and minor illnesses. They are believed to play a role in cleansing people from inside and outside. These methods together with other methods that are used in traditional healing are being explored in this study. This exploration is based on the fact that this information will be integrated into the teaching of isiXhosa to Pharmacy students at Rhodes University. This is an initiative to create awareness amongst health-care practitioners about traditional healing methods, so that they can caution and advise their patients about medicine taking behaviours, also to make them approach the subject in a sensitive manner. An isiXhosa course has been taught to Pharmacy students, as a pilot in 2007 and as an elective in 2008 onwards. This course deals with cultural issues in a broad manner, the issue of traditional healing specifically, and these methods of healing are outlined in the course, such that students have an understanding first of what a traditional healer is and their role in providing health-care services.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Mapi, Thandeka Priscilla
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Rhodes University. Academic Development Programme Healers -- South Africa Traditional medicine -- South Africa Xhosa language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Pharmacy -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Ethnoscience -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3622 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007469
- Description: Traditional healing is one of the most trusted methods of healing in South Africa, especially in rural areas, where health-care infrastructure is inadequate. People have depended on this method of healing since time immemorial. That belief has been strengthened by the fact that this method keeps people in touch with their ancestors. Traditional healers are trusted and believed to be the link between people and their ancestors. The Dwesa community is amongst the areas that still have strong belief in traditional healing. Traditional healers have a variety of methods of healing that they use, these methods have been trusted for people of all age groups. These methods are ukugabha, ukufutha and ukucima. Traditional healers prescribe them for both major and minor illnesses. They are believed to play a role in cleansing people from inside and outside. These methods together with other methods that are used in traditional healing are being explored in this study. This exploration is based on the fact that this information will be integrated into the teaching of isiXhosa to Pharmacy students at Rhodes University. This is an initiative to create awareness amongst health-care practitioners about traditional healing methods, so that they can caution and advise their patients about medicine taking behaviours, also to make them approach the subject in a sensitive manner. An isiXhosa course has been taught to Pharmacy students, as a pilot in 2007 and as an elective in 2008 onwards. This course deals with cultural issues in a broad manner, the issue of traditional healing specifically, and these methods of healing are outlined in the course, such that students have an understanding first of what a traditional healer is and their role in providing health-care services.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
A critical evaluation of outcomes based education from a developmental perspective in South Africa with particular reference to the Eastern Cape.
- Mdikane, Knowledge Mzwandile
- Authors: Mdikane, Knowledge Mzwandile
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Reconstruction and Development Programme (South Africa) Competency-based education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Educational change -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Education -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Curriculum change -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:6057 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006663
- Description: This research study seeks to examine the impact of Outcomes-Based Education (OBE)from a developmental perspective in the Eastern Cape. Two schools were selected as research sites, one from a previously advantaged area and the other from a previously disadvantaged area. These schools were evaluated on their understanding of OBE and its relationship to development. OBE was introduced in South Africa under controversial circumstances because of the legacy of apartheid education from which we are coming. Because of that, schools in South Africa reflect the inequalities that are resulting from apartheid legislation. In 1994 the government introduced the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) to eradicate all the discrepancies resulting from apartheid. On the educational sphere, OBE was the curriculum policy aimed at eradicating the legacy of apartheid education. The then Minister of Education was convinced that OBE or Curriculum 2005 would be a developmental approach to education and would take South Africa into the 21st century. Ever since its introduction, educators have encountered many problems with the implementation of OBE, especially in the previously disadvantaged areas of the Eastern Cape. The researcher used semi-structured interviews to collect data from the respondents. However, one set of questionnaires was prepared for the educators, students, parents and education government officials. Because of the qualitative nature of the questionnaire the data collected was also analyzed qualitatively. Each question was analyzed from each of the focus groups and the researcher established findings that were analyzed in relation to the literature review. The researcher then was able to reach his own conclusions on the impact that OBE has on the South African education system and recommendations on what could be done for OBE to be successfully implemented and to be developmentally effective in previously disadvantaged areas of South Africa. The recommendations propose useful interventions, which could be made by the government to assist all the stakeholders involved in education in both an understanding and better implementation of OBE in Previously Disadvantaged Areas (PDA’s). They include provision of support to stakeholders and that teachers should be taught about the relationship between OBE and reconstruction. The research study focuses mainly on OBE and its relationship to development in urban or Previously Advantaged Areas (PAA’s) of two Eastern Cape schools. It will be relevant to the Eastern Cape Education Department in its efforts to implement OBE in schools and it could be a source of knowledge to educators. The conclusion that has been reached, however, is that there is a lot of ignorance about this new system of education to both educators and parents. There is also evidence of ignorance to matters pertaining to the relationship between OBE and it’s relationship to the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). A major recommendation that is made then is that for OBE to be relevant in the South African context, it should help to improve the lives of ordinary people in South Africa, especially in Previously Disadvantaged Areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Mdikane, Knowledge Mzwandile
- Date: 2004
- Subjects: Reconstruction and Development Programme (South Africa) Competency-based education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Educational change -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Education -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Curriculum change -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:6057 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006663
- Description: This research study seeks to examine the impact of Outcomes-Based Education (OBE)from a developmental perspective in the Eastern Cape. Two schools were selected as research sites, one from a previously advantaged area and the other from a previously disadvantaged area. These schools were evaluated on their understanding of OBE and its relationship to development. OBE was introduced in South Africa under controversial circumstances because of the legacy of apartheid education from which we are coming. Because of that, schools in South Africa reflect the inequalities that are resulting from apartheid legislation. In 1994 the government introduced the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) to eradicate all the discrepancies resulting from apartheid. On the educational sphere, OBE was the curriculum policy aimed at eradicating the legacy of apartheid education. The then Minister of Education was convinced that OBE or Curriculum 2005 would be a developmental approach to education and would take South Africa into the 21st century. Ever since its introduction, educators have encountered many problems with the implementation of OBE, especially in the previously disadvantaged areas of the Eastern Cape. The researcher used semi-structured interviews to collect data from the respondents. However, one set of questionnaires was prepared for the educators, students, parents and education government officials. Because of the qualitative nature of the questionnaire the data collected was also analyzed qualitatively. Each question was analyzed from each of the focus groups and the researcher established findings that were analyzed in relation to the literature review. The researcher then was able to reach his own conclusions on the impact that OBE has on the South African education system and recommendations on what could be done for OBE to be successfully implemented and to be developmentally effective in previously disadvantaged areas of South Africa. The recommendations propose useful interventions, which could be made by the government to assist all the stakeholders involved in education in both an understanding and better implementation of OBE in Previously Disadvantaged Areas (PDA’s). They include provision of support to stakeholders and that teachers should be taught about the relationship between OBE and reconstruction. The research study focuses mainly on OBE and its relationship to development in urban or Previously Advantaged Areas (PAA’s) of two Eastern Cape schools. It will be relevant to the Eastern Cape Education Department in its efforts to implement OBE in schools and it could be a source of knowledge to educators. The conclusion that has been reached, however, is that there is a lot of ignorance about this new system of education to both educators and parents. There is also evidence of ignorance to matters pertaining to the relationship between OBE and it’s relationship to the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). A major recommendation that is made then is that for OBE to be relevant in the South African context, it should help to improve the lives of ordinary people in South Africa, especially in Previously Disadvantaged Areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2004
Exit strategies in social protection and the role of the social worker : a case study of exited households from the harmonised social cash transfers in Goromonzi District, Zimbabwe
- Authors: Muwoni, Leon
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Social security -- Zimbabwe Social service -- Zimbabwe Households -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8364 , vital:32389
- Description: The aim of the study was to investigate the strategies utilised in exiting households from the Harmonised Social Cash Transfer in Zimbabwe and also the role of the social worker in facilitating and ensuring a smooth readjustment thereof. The study area was Goromonzi District, where the research sample and participants were drawn. The data were collected with semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. It emerged in the study that besides the financial constraints and general challenges characterising social protection in Zimbabwe, there have been some significant improvements in the livelihoods of the beneficiaries. For example the beneficiary households increased their food consumption in terms of quantity and quality, reduction of poverty among other positive outcomes. The study however noted that despite having registered some positive outcomes on the beneficiaries, the programme was designed without a clear cut exit/graduation strategy. Upon being exited from the HSCT, beneficiaries are supposed either to be supported to maintain their livelihoods or to be graduated into other social protection programmes so that the shock of being exited is minimised. In addition to the above, the study found that, graduation of social protection is hardly possible for the nature of HSCT programme beneficiaries, therefore ‘programme exit’ is the only most realistic thing to talk about in the programme. The study makes a case for curving a role for social workers in managing exit for beneficiaries of social protection programmes and helping families with the readjustment process post cash transfers. Furthermore, this study recommends that programmes should be designed either as ‘graduation’ focused programs or with a clear plan and road map of how beneficiary or programme exit would be handled. This will not only help in planning for the end-phase but also for the nature and approach for programme implementation. In addition, the study recommends that during implementation of social transfer programs, particularly cash, it is of essence to link the cash benefits with livelihood and asset building interventions to ensure sustainability. Families need to be encouraged through ‘soft messaging’ or supported to structure either group or individual savings and or investments in assets and livestock that will help cushion them in the event of sudden programme discontinuation or when faced with shocks and hazards.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Muwoni, Leon
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Social security -- Zimbabwe Social service -- Zimbabwe Households -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8364 , vital:32389
- Description: The aim of the study was to investigate the strategies utilised in exiting households from the Harmonised Social Cash Transfer in Zimbabwe and also the role of the social worker in facilitating and ensuring a smooth readjustment thereof. The study area was Goromonzi District, where the research sample and participants were drawn. The data were collected with semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. It emerged in the study that besides the financial constraints and general challenges characterising social protection in Zimbabwe, there have been some significant improvements in the livelihoods of the beneficiaries. For example the beneficiary households increased their food consumption in terms of quantity and quality, reduction of poverty among other positive outcomes. The study however noted that despite having registered some positive outcomes on the beneficiaries, the programme was designed without a clear cut exit/graduation strategy. Upon being exited from the HSCT, beneficiaries are supposed either to be supported to maintain their livelihoods or to be graduated into other social protection programmes so that the shock of being exited is minimised. In addition to the above, the study found that, graduation of social protection is hardly possible for the nature of HSCT programme beneficiaries, therefore ‘programme exit’ is the only most realistic thing to talk about in the programme. The study makes a case for curving a role for social workers in managing exit for beneficiaries of social protection programmes and helping families with the readjustment process post cash transfers. Furthermore, this study recommends that programmes should be designed either as ‘graduation’ focused programs or with a clear plan and road map of how beneficiary or programme exit would be handled. This will not only help in planning for the end-phase but also for the nature and approach for programme implementation. In addition, the study recommends that during implementation of social transfer programs, particularly cash, it is of essence to link the cash benefits with livelihood and asset building interventions to ensure sustainability. Families need to be encouraged through ‘soft messaging’ or supported to structure either group or individual savings and or investments in assets and livestock that will help cushion them in the event of sudden programme discontinuation or when faced with shocks and hazards.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
An analysis of the implementation of the Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Nyathi, Trezah
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Economic development -- Zimbabwe Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions Zimbabwe -- Economic policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2900 , vital:28123
- Description: The anchor of this research was to analyze the implementation process of Zimbabwe’s IEEP. Implementation of policy has been the Achilles heel of most African countries it has been proven that it is a disease of the continents. In this research the focus is on analyzing what happened between the tabled idea and the implemented policy, this is because the implemented policy had a tremendous contradictory impact to the world as it disempowered the investors in an attempt to economically empower its citizens. The tabled idea was great it had its own flows because it lacked clarity in some of its definition and the goals, objectives and how the policy were to be implemented are not clear there is basically lack of clarity pertaining to the policy. This study made use of two theories the Top- down approach and the politics and administration dichotomy, these two theories are in favour of an autocratic way of policy implementation which follows a chain of command. These two theories highlighted that administrators are being covered be politicians and that administration as a practice and discipline are dead. This has lead to policies being made implemented first before they are formulated because there are no administrators. This study reviewed that the implementation process of the IEEP is not clear or rather it does not exist; there is little or no transparency on the events that took place between the tabled idea and the implemented policy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Nyathi, Trezah
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Economic development -- Zimbabwe Zimbabwe -- Economic conditions Zimbabwe -- Economic policy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2900 , vital:28123
- Description: The anchor of this research was to analyze the implementation process of Zimbabwe’s IEEP. Implementation of policy has been the Achilles heel of most African countries it has been proven that it is a disease of the continents. In this research the focus is on analyzing what happened between the tabled idea and the implemented policy, this is because the implemented policy had a tremendous contradictory impact to the world as it disempowered the investors in an attempt to economically empower its citizens. The tabled idea was great it had its own flows because it lacked clarity in some of its definition and the goals, objectives and how the policy were to be implemented are not clear there is basically lack of clarity pertaining to the policy. This study made use of two theories the Top- down approach and the politics and administration dichotomy, these two theories are in favour of an autocratic way of policy implementation which follows a chain of command. These two theories highlighted that administrators are being covered be politicians and that administration as a practice and discipline are dead. This has lead to policies being made implemented first before they are formulated because there are no administrators. This study reviewed that the implementation process of the IEEP is not clear or rather it does not exist; there is little or no transparency on the events that took place between the tabled idea and the implemented policy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Anorogenic alkaline ring-type complexes of the Damaraland Province, Namibia, and their economic potential
- Authors: Potgieter, J E
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Alkalic igneous rocks -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4907 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001567
- Description: Anorogenic alkaline ring-type complexes form within continental plate settings. Alkaline magmatism is derived from the upper mantle, in which mantle metasomatism plays an important part, as well as from partial melting of the lower crust. Radial and concentric fractures develop during the ascent of alkaline magma. Extrusion of basic and felsic magma takes place along these fractures with felsic volcanics building-up central volcanoes. As a result of emptying of the magma chamber, the superstructure of the volcano collapses and a caldera is formed. During the caldera stage syenitic and granitic material are intruded into ring fractures. Alkaline ring-type complexes may be classified as (i) alkaline qranite and syenite-type and (ii) carbonatite and undersaturated-type. These ring-type complexes occur as distinct igneous provinces. Some major provinces occur in Brazil, Corsica, Namibia, Nigeria, Norway, Saudi-Arabia and Sudan. In Namibia the Damaraland igneous province is of Mesozoic aqe and it contains 15 alkaline ring-type complexes . These complexes are situated along north-eastern trends which correspond to transform directions of the South Atlantic. During the opening of the South Atlantic (Gondwana breakup) Pan-African age lineaments were reactivated which allowed emplacement of anorogenic alkaline magmatism. A zonation of alkaline granite and syenitetype in the west and carbonatite and undersaturated-type ring-complexes in the east correlates with down- and upwarp axes parallel to the line of Gondwana fragmentation. Alkali- and H⁺-metasomatism is related to the alkaline and syenite-type whereas alkali metasomatism (fenitization) is associated with carbonatite and undersaturated-type ring-complexes. Sn, W and Ta mineralization is associated with alkaline granites of some of the alkaline granite and syenite-type ring-complexes. Fe, F, PO₄ , Nb, Th, REE, Sr, Zn and Pb mineralization is associated with carbonatite complexes. Potential exists for: (i) porphyry Cu-Mo and epithermal-type (Au, Ag, Pt-metals, base metals) mineralization in the alkaline granite and syenite-type ring-complexes and (ii) disseminated Cu, Au, Aq and Pt-metals in carbonatite and undersaturated-type ring-complexes
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
- Authors: Potgieter, J E
- Date: 1987
- Subjects: Alkalic igneous rocks -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4907 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001567
- Description: Anorogenic alkaline ring-type complexes form within continental plate settings. Alkaline magmatism is derived from the upper mantle, in which mantle metasomatism plays an important part, as well as from partial melting of the lower crust. Radial and concentric fractures develop during the ascent of alkaline magma. Extrusion of basic and felsic magma takes place along these fractures with felsic volcanics building-up central volcanoes. As a result of emptying of the magma chamber, the superstructure of the volcano collapses and a caldera is formed. During the caldera stage syenitic and granitic material are intruded into ring fractures. Alkaline ring-type complexes may be classified as (i) alkaline qranite and syenite-type and (ii) carbonatite and undersaturated-type. These ring-type complexes occur as distinct igneous provinces. Some major provinces occur in Brazil, Corsica, Namibia, Nigeria, Norway, Saudi-Arabia and Sudan. In Namibia the Damaraland igneous province is of Mesozoic aqe and it contains 15 alkaline ring-type complexes . These complexes are situated along north-eastern trends which correspond to transform directions of the South Atlantic. During the opening of the South Atlantic (Gondwana breakup) Pan-African age lineaments were reactivated which allowed emplacement of anorogenic alkaline magmatism. A zonation of alkaline granite and syenitetype in the west and carbonatite and undersaturated-type ring-complexes in the east correlates with down- and upwarp axes parallel to the line of Gondwana fragmentation. Alkali- and H⁺-metasomatism is related to the alkaline and syenite-type whereas alkali metasomatism (fenitization) is associated with carbonatite and undersaturated-type ring-complexes. Sn, W and Ta mineralization is associated with alkaline granites of some of the alkaline granite and syenite-type ring-complexes. Fe, F, PO₄ , Nb, Th, REE, Sr, Zn and Pb mineralization is associated with carbonatite complexes. Potential exists for: (i) porphyry Cu-Mo and epithermal-type (Au, Ag, Pt-metals, base metals) mineralization in the alkaline granite and syenite-type ring-complexes and (ii) disseminated Cu, Au, Aq and Pt-metals in carbonatite and undersaturated-type ring-complexes
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1987
Staged authenticities an exploration of the representations of AmaXhosa culture within the main programme of the National Arts Festival, 2009
- Reeve, Zoë Rose Louise Patricia
- Authors: Reeve, Zoë Rose Louise Patricia
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Standard Bank National Arts Festival Performing arts festivals -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Xhosa (African people) -- Music -- Social aspects Performing arts festivals -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Cultural property -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2146 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002378
- Description: This thesis investigates the presentation of AmaXhosa traditional dancing and music on the stages of the National Arts Festival (NAF), Main Programme, of South Africa in 2009. Four productions featuring AmaXhosa traditional dancing and music, as well as a fine art exhibition, are analysed to determine how the AmaXhosa culture is being portrayed, what is considered authentic and how these productions may affect the memory of the AmaXhosa nation. In an attempt to understand the position of these productions within the NAF the South African cultural context as well as the NAF is examined. The post-apartheid, post-rainbow nation, South African cultural context is discussed and how the NAF could contribute towards creating a more unified South African identity. Incorporated and inscribed memory categories are related to how one could determine authenticity in traditional indigenous productions. A cautionary note on incorporated memory is linked to efficacy, while a loss of incorporated memory within the AmaXhosa society may result in ritual acts being orientated towards entertainment. If the private culture is consistently displayed in the public realm then it is inevitable that the ways in which the AmaXhosa recollect their history will be altered. The contribution of the transitional spaces of theatres and proscenium arch stages to the choreography and incorporated memory of the performers relates to the collective recollection of the AmaXhosa. Bearing this in mind, this thesis suggests that the NAF is playing a dual role in the evolution of the AmaXhosa. It is both positively contributing to the economic upliftment of a sector of the population and exposing people to this rich and multilayered culture. However, it is also impacting the efficacy of the private culture and fracturing the traditional knowledge of the AmaXhosa by assisting in the inscription of their performance forms. , This thesis consists of three parts (1 pdf document and two video mp4 files)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Reeve, Zoë Rose Louise Patricia
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Standard Bank National Arts Festival Performing arts festivals -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Xhosa (African people) -- Music -- Social aspects Performing arts festivals -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Grahamstown Cultural property -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2146 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002378
- Description: This thesis investigates the presentation of AmaXhosa traditional dancing and music on the stages of the National Arts Festival (NAF), Main Programme, of South Africa in 2009. Four productions featuring AmaXhosa traditional dancing and music, as well as a fine art exhibition, are analysed to determine how the AmaXhosa culture is being portrayed, what is considered authentic and how these productions may affect the memory of the AmaXhosa nation. In an attempt to understand the position of these productions within the NAF the South African cultural context as well as the NAF is examined. The post-apartheid, post-rainbow nation, South African cultural context is discussed and how the NAF could contribute towards creating a more unified South African identity. Incorporated and inscribed memory categories are related to how one could determine authenticity in traditional indigenous productions. A cautionary note on incorporated memory is linked to efficacy, while a loss of incorporated memory within the AmaXhosa society may result in ritual acts being orientated towards entertainment. If the private culture is consistently displayed in the public realm then it is inevitable that the ways in which the AmaXhosa recollect their history will be altered. The contribution of the transitional spaces of theatres and proscenium arch stages to the choreography and incorporated memory of the performers relates to the collective recollection of the AmaXhosa. Bearing this in mind, this thesis suggests that the NAF is playing a dual role in the evolution of the AmaXhosa. It is both positively contributing to the economic upliftment of a sector of the population and exposing people to this rich and multilayered culture. However, it is also impacting the efficacy of the private culture and fracturing the traditional knowledge of the AmaXhosa by assisting in the inscription of their performance forms. , This thesis consists of three parts (1 pdf document and two video mp4 files)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Studies on Paragus (Diptera, Syrphidae)
- Authors: Stuckenberg, B R
- Date: 1953
- Subjects: Syrphidae , Diptera
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5887 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013321
- Description: As several new species are described in this thesis its full value can only be realised by its publication, and it has therefore been prepared with that end in view. The subject matter is divided into two parts, each of which has been treated quite independently of the other. Both parts are presented here in the form in which they have been offered for publication. The first paper consists of a systematic study of a complex of species within the genus Paragus. It includes descriptions of four new species, a new subspecies, an allotype, and redescriptions of two incompletely defined species. This paper has been offered for publication in the Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. The second part consists of a study of all the Ethiopian species of Paragus except those covered by the first paper. It includes the definition of a new subgenus, and descriptions of two new species and three allotypes. It has been sent for publication in the "Revue Zoologie et Botanique de Africaine" at the invitation of Dr. P. Basilewsky of the Musee du Congo Belge, Tervuren.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1953
- Authors: Stuckenberg, B R
- Date: 1953
- Subjects: Syrphidae , Diptera
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5887 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013321
- Description: As several new species are described in this thesis its full value can only be realised by its publication, and it has therefore been prepared with that end in view. The subject matter is divided into two parts, each of which has been treated quite independently of the other. Both parts are presented here in the form in which they have been offered for publication. The first paper consists of a systematic study of a complex of species within the genus Paragus. It includes descriptions of four new species, a new subspecies, an allotype, and redescriptions of two incompletely defined species. This paper has been offered for publication in the Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. The second part consists of a study of all the Ethiopian species of Paragus except those covered by the first paper. It includes the definition of a new subgenus, and descriptions of two new species and three allotypes. It has been sent for publication in the "Revue Zoologie et Botanique de Africaine" at the invitation of Dr. P. Basilewsky of the Musee du Congo Belge, Tervuren.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1953
Student-teachers' perspectives of the role of environmental education in geography education
- Authors: Symmonds, Joanne
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Geography -- Study and teaching -- Environmental aspects Environmental education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1776 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003661
- Description: The ideas contained in socially critical Environmental Education cannot be ignored given the current environmental crisis and the need to achieve democracy in South African society. In order to achieve this learners need to develop the skills to make informed decisions which will facilitate the achievement of a sustainable society. It is the contention of this research that a socially critical Environmental Education approach to education can facilitate the above. Teachers of formal secondary school Geography Education are in the position to implement socially critical Environmental Education into their teaching. This study therefore investigates the perspectives of student teachers regarding the role of Environmental Education in secondary school Geography Education. This was done within the Interpretative Paradigm using a case study which involved five Higher Diploma in Education Geography method students. The research has revealed that even though the Geography method students have been exposed to an Environmental Education course, in their teaching preparation and are motivated to use it, they have limited understanding of the theory underpinning Environmental Education and how to apply it to their Geography teaching. The problems of bridging theory and practice was apparent. Recommendations are made as how to best facilitate the gap between theory and practice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997
- Authors: Symmonds, Joanne
- Date: 1997
- Subjects: Geography -- Study and teaching -- Environmental aspects Environmental education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1776 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003661
- Description: The ideas contained in socially critical Environmental Education cannot be ignored given the current environmental crisis and the need to achieve democracy in South African society. In order to achieve this learners need to develop the skills to make informed decisions which will facilitate the achievement of a sustainable society. It is the contention of this research that a socially critical Environmental Education approach to education can facilitate the above. Teachers of formal secondary school Geography Education are in the position to implement socially critical Environmental Education into their teaching. This study therefore investigates the perspectives of student teachers regarding the role of Environmental Education in secondary school Geography Education. This was done within the Interpretative Paradigm using a case study which involved five Higher Diploma in Education Geography method students. The research has revealed that even though the Geography method students have been exposed to an Environmental Education course, in their teaching preparation and are motivated to use it, they have limited understanding of the theory underpinning Environmental Education and how to apply it to their Geography teaching. The problems of bridging theory and practice was apparent. Recommendations are made as how to best facilitate the gap between theory and practice.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1997
Electron precipitation and ionospheric disturbance
- Authors: Torr, Marsha R
- Date: 1966
- Subjects: Electrons , Electron precipitation , Ionosphere , Ionospheric electron density
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5509 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007691
- Description: From Introduction: The minimum in the scalar magnitude of the geographic total field, which lies off the coast of Brazil, allows the mirror points of trapped particles to dip low into the atmosphere over the South Atlantic Ocean, resulting in two regions of maximum intensity of preciptated particles in that region, one from the inner belt and one from the outer. High charged particle fluxes have been observed at low altitudes over these regions by satellites Sputnik 5 and 6 (Ginsburg et al, 1961) and Discoverer 31 (Seward and Kornblum, 1963) amongst others. The more southerly of these two regions acts as a sink for electrons from the outer radiation belt and will be referred to in what follows as the Southern Radiation Anomaly. Gladhill and van Rooyen (1963) predicted that the energy deposited in the upper atmosphere by these charged particles would be sufficient to give rise to enhanced geophysical effects such as auroral emission, X-rays and ionization and heating of the upper atmosphere in this region. Although some of these effects have been correlated with precipitated electrons, no definite relation had until now been established between ionospheric effects and precipitated particles. The aim of this thesis was to investigate such a relationship and the results were extremely successful. It will be shown conclusively in what follows, that the precipitation of electrons can account for the ionospheric disturbances defined by a disturbance criterion at all stations around L=4. Part I describes the exploration of the radiation belts and the magnetosphere with rockets and satellites. The resulting theoretical models based on the observations are discussed. A brief review is given of the work that has been done to date to derive equations for the loss and replenishment of particles in the belts. Because of the complexity of these and the number of doubtful factors involved, a simple model of injection of electrons into the outer belt is devised, giving average values of trapped and precipitated electron fluxes at any point around L=4. In Part II, this model is employed together with the disturbance criterion of Gledhill and Torr (1965) to examine the relationship between ionospheric disturbances and electron fluxes. Also the energy range of the precipitated particles is examined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1966
- Authors: Torr, Marsha R
- Date: 1966
- Subjects: Electrons , Electron precipitation , Ionosphere , Ionospheric electron density
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5509 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007691
- Description: From Introduction: The minimum in the scalar magnitude of the geographic total field, which lies off the coast of Brazil, allows the mirror points of trapped particles to dip low into the atmosphere over the South Atlantic Ocean, resulting in two regions of maximum intensity of preciptated particles in that region, one from the inner belt and one from the outer. High charged particle fluxes have been observed at low altitudes over these regions by satellites Sputnik 5 and 6 (Ginsburg et al, 1961) and Discoverer 31 (Seward and Kornblum, 1963) amongst others. The more southerly of these two regions acts as a sink for electrons from the outer radiation belt and will be referred to in what follows as the Southern Radiation Anomaly. Gladhill and van Rooyen (1963) predicted that the energy deposited in the upper atmosphere by these charged particles would be sufficient to give rise to enhanced geophysical effects such as auroral emission, X-rays and ionization and heating of the upper atmosphere in this region. Although some of these effects have been correlated with precipitated electrons, no definite relation had until now been established between ionospheric effects and precipitated particles. The aim of this thesis was to investigate such a relationship and the results were extremely successful. It will be shown conclusively in what follows, that the precipitation of electrons can account for the ionospheric disturbances defined by a disturbance criterion at all stations around L=4. Part I describes the exploration of the radiation belts and the magnetosphere with rockets and satellites. The resulting theoretical models based on the observations are discussed. A brief review is given of the work that has been done to date to derive equations for the loss and replenishment of particles in the belts. Because of the complexity of these and the number of doubtful factors involved, a simple model of injection of electrons into the outer belt is devised, giving average values of trapped and precipitated electron fluxes at any point around L=4. In Part II, this model is employed together with the disturbance criterion of Gledhill and Torr (1965) to examine the relationship between ionospheric disturbances and electron fluxes. Also the energy range of the precipitated particles is examined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1966
Stewardship as an educational process of social learning and change: two case studies conducted in the Western Cape
- Authors: Walker, Clara Isabella
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Environmental education -- South Africa -- Western Cape Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa -- Western Cape Natural resources -- South Africa -- Western Cape -- Management Social learning -- South Africa -- Western Cape Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Western Cape Cape Nature Stewardship Programme (South Africa) Biodiversity Stewardship Programme (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1772 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003657
- Description: Stewardship in South Africa, as it is being implemented within the framework of the Biodiversity Stewardship Programme (BSP), is an attempt by conservation agencies to engage landowners in the voluntary securing of parcels of biodiverse land, through signing a contract for a certain time period, not to develop the landscape in ways that will impact negatively on the biodiversity of the area in question. The focus of this study is the relationship between biodiversity stewardship and social learning, as I hope to ascertain how stewardship practices are helping to resolve the current problems of biodiversity loss in the Western Cape. The overall aim of this research is to gain an understanding of how, in its capacity as a conservation education process, the Cape Nature Stewardship Programme can foster social learning amongst the landowners involved in its implementation, by leading them to a better understanding of their environmental responsibilities. Data was generated through the use of interviews and informal discussions with participants together with document analysis, such as brochures, pamphlets and presentations. My approach to the analysis of my data was two-phased. In the first phase, I analysed the data generated from the interview process and from reviewing the documents the stewardship officials supplied me with. The second phase involved looking into the results of the two case studies, and formulating analytical statements which were then used to review the case evidence within a social learning perspective, derived from Wals (2007). In constructing an analytical framework for the interpretation of my data, I drew heavily on Wals' (2007) notion of social learning occurring in sequential activities. I used this insight as a lens through which to trace the educational effects of the implementation of the CNSP in the two case study areas.The research highlighted evidence that Stewardship initiatives should be based on the foundation of social learning and invest time and effort in building an environmental knowledge capital amongst the landowners involved. By equipping them with these necessary conservation skills, one creates a 'community of practice' where those individuals adopt a sustainability habitus contributing towards a change and environmental understanding and practises in field.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Walker, Clara Isabella
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Environmental education -- South Africa -- Western Cape Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa -- Western Cape Natural resources -- South Africa -- Western Cape -- Management Social learning -- South Africa -- Western Cape Sustainable development -- South Africa -- Western Cape Cape Nature Stewardship Programme (South Africa) Biodiversity Stewardship Programme (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1772 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003657
- Description: Stewardship in South Africa, as it is being implemented within the framework of the Biodiversity Stewardship Programme (BSP), is an attempt by conservation agencies to engage landowners in the voluntary securing of parcels of biodiverse land, through signing a contract for a certain time period, not to develop the landscape in ways that will impact negatively on the biodiversity of the area in question. The focus of this study is the relationship between biodiversity stewardship and social learning, as I hope to ascertain how stewardship practices are helping to resolve the current problems of biodiversity loss in the Western Cape. The overall aim of this research is to gain an understanding of how, in its capacity as a conservation education process, the Cape Nature Stewardship Programme can foster social learning amongst the landowners involved in its implementation, by leading them to a better understanding of their environmental responsibilities. Data was generated through the use of interviews and informal discussions with participants together with document analysis, such as brochures, pamphlets and presentations. My approach to the analysis of my data was two-phased. In the first phase, I analysed the data generated from the interview process and from reviewing the documents the stewardship officials supplied me with. The second phase involved looking into the results of the two case studies, and formulating analytical statements which were then used to review the case evidence within a social learning perspective, derived from Wals (2007). In constructing an analytical framework for the interpretation of my data, I drew heavily on Wals' (2007) notion of social learning occurring in sequential activities. I used this insight as a lens through which to trace the educational effects of the implementation of the CNSP in the two case study areas.The research highlighted evidence that Stewardship initiatives should be based on the foundation of social learning and invest time and effort in building an environmental knowledge capital amongst the landowners involved. By equipping them with these necessary conservation skills, one creates a 'community of practice' where those individuals adopt a sustainability habitus contributing towards a change and environmental understanding and practises in field.
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- Date Issued: 2011